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Essay on Generation Gap

What is the Generation Gap?

Generation Gap is a term given to the gap or age difference between two sets of people; the young people and their elders, especially between children and their parents. Everything is influenced by the change of time- the age, the culture, mannerism, and morality. This change affects everyone. The generation gap is an endless social phenomenon. Every generation lives at a certain time under certain circumstances and conditions. So, all generations have their own set of values and views. Every generation wants to uphold the principles they believe in. This is a problem that has continued for ages.

People born in different periods under different conditions have their views based on the circumstances they have been through. The patterns of life have been changing continuously according to time. Everyone wants to live and behave in his way and no one wants to compromise with his or her values and views. There has always been a difference in attitude or lack of understanding between the younger and older generations. This attitude has augmented the generation gap and it is becoming wider day by day. This gap now has started impacting our lives in the wrong way.

It is always good to have a wide range of ideas, views, and opinions. It indicates how we are developing and advancing but sometimes this becomes worrisome when the views and ideas are not accepted by both generations. Parents create a certain image in their minds for their children. They want to bring up their children with values that they have been brought up with and expect their children to follow the same. Parents want children to act following their values, as they believe, it is for their benefit and would do well for them.

Children on the other hand have a broader outlook and refuse to accept the traditional ways. They want to do things their way and don’t like going by any rulebook. Mostly, young people experience conflict during their adolescence. They are desperately searching for self-identity. Parents at times fail to understand the demands of this fast-paced world. Ultimately, despite love and affection for each other both are drained out of energy and not able to comprehend the other. Consequently, there is a lack of communication and giving up on relationships.

Different Ways to Reduce the Generation Gap

Nothing in the world can be as beautiful as a parent-child relationship. It should be nurtured very delicately and so it is important to bridge the gap between the two generations. It is time to realize that neither is completely right nor wrong. Both generations have to develop more understanding and acceptance for each other. Having a dialogue with each other calmly, with the idea of sorting out conflict amicably in ideas, changing their mindset for each other, and coming to a middle ground can be the most helpful instrument in bridging the gap between the two generations.

Spending more time with each other like family outings, vacations, picnics, shopping, watching movies together could be some effective ways to build up a strong bond with each other. Both the generations need to study the ways of the society during their growing period and have mutual respect for it. To reduce the friction between the two generations, both parents and children have to give space to each other and define certain boundaries that the latter should respect.

The generation gap occurs because society is constantly changing. It is the responsibility of both generations to fill this gap with love, affection, and trust. Both generations should have mutual respect for the views and opinions that they uphold and advance cautiously with the development of society.

Conclusion

The generation gap is a very critical concept that occurs because of the different natures of every person. No one can end this generation gap but obviously, you can opt for some way in which it can be reduced.

There should be efforts made by both sides to get a better relationship between two people. The generation gap may cause conflict between families but if you try to understand the thinking of another person and choose a path in between then you can get a happy living family.

No one wants to live in a tense environment and you always need your elders with yourself no matter what, they are the ones who care for you, they may have different ways of expressing their love and care for you and you might feel awkward but you need to understand them and their ways. Having your elders with you in your family is a blessing, you can talk with them and let them know your views and understand your ways to approach a particular situation.

FAQs on Essay on Generation Gap

1. What do you Understand by Generation Gap?

The gap between the old people and the young is called the generation gap. The generation gap is not only the age difference between young people, their parents, and grandparents, but it is also caused by differences in opinion between two generations; it can be differences in beliefs, differences in views like politics, or differences in values. Therefore a generational gap is a conflict in thoughts, actions, and tastes of the young generation to that of older ones. We can have a good relationship even with a generational gap. All we need to do is understand others' way of thinking.

2. Why Does the Generation Gap Occur?

The generation gap occurs due to differences in views and opinions between the younger and older generation. Both generations want to uphold the principles they believe in. The reason for the generation gap is not only age but it can be because of reasons like:

Difference in beliefs

Difference in interests

Difference in opinion

In today's time, the generational gap has caused conflict between many families. The generational gap occurs because of the following reasons:

Increased life expectancy

The rapid change in society

Mobility of society

The generation gap can be reduced if we work on it with patience and understanding. So whatever may be the reason for the occurrence of the generation gap it can be overcome and a happy relationship can be built between two different people.

3. How Should the Gap in the two Generations be Bridged?

The gap between the two generations should be bridged by mutual respect, understanding, love, and affection for each other. They both should come to a middle ground and sort things out amicably. Here are a few tips to help children to improve the differences because of the generational gap between their parents and them:

Try to talk more often even if you do not have the time, make time for it.

Spend more time with your parents regularly to develop and maintain your relationship.

Make them feel special with genuine gestures.

Share your worries and problems with them.

Respect is the most important thing which you should give them.

Be responsible

Have patience and understand their perspective in every situation.

4. How Does the Generation Gap Impact Relationships?

Generation gaps disrupt the family completely. Due to a lack of understanding and acceptance, the relationship between the older and the younger generations become strained. Most families can not enjoy their family lives because of disturbed routines either they are too busy with work or other commitments, they are unable to spend time with each other. This increases the generational gap between children and parents. The child is unable to communicate his or her thoughts because of lack of communication and parents are unable to understand what the child is thinking; this causes more differences between them.

The generation gap can cause conflict between a relation of child, parent, and grandparent. Because of the generational gap, there is a huge difference in the living pattern and pattern in which a person responds to a difficult situation. Elder people often take every situation on themselves and try to seek out the things for others but in today’s generation they believe in working only for themself they do not get bothered by others and they don’t try to seek things for others. But if we work to understand the differences and get a path out in between then the conflicts can be reduced and so the generational gap will not be that bothersome.

5. Where can I find the best essay on Generation Gap?

The generation gap can have a different point of view. Each person has a different way of thinking. Vedantu provides you with the best study material to understand the topic well and write about it. Vedantu is a leading online learning portal that has excellent teachers with years of experience to help students score good marks in exams. The team of Vedantu provides you with study material by subject specialists that have deep knowledge of the topic and excel in providing the best knowledge to their students to get the best results. Visit Vedantu now!

Essay on Generation Gap for Students and Children

500+ words essay on generation gap.

We all know that humans have been inhabiting this earth for a long time. Over time, times have changed and humans have evolved. The world became developed and so did mankind. Each generation has seen new changes and things that the older generations have not.

This is exactly what creates a generation gap. It is how one generation differs from the other. It is quite natural for a generation gap to exist. Why? Because it shows that mankind is evolving and changing for the better. However, sometimes this gap impacts our lives wrongly.

Generation Gap – Impact on Relations

It is always nice to have fresh ideas and points of view. It is a clear indication of how we are advancing and developing at a great level. However, when this clash of ideas and viewpoints becomes gets too much, it becomes a matter of worry.

The most common result of this clash is distanced relations. Generally, a generation gap is mostly seen between parents and kids. It shows that parents fail to understand their kids and vice versa. The parents usually follow the traditions and norms.

Likewise, they expect their children to conform to the societal norms as they have. But the kids are of the modern age with a broad outlook. They refuse to accept these traditional ways.

This is one of the main reasons why the conflict begins. They do not reach a solution and thus distance themselves because of misunderstandings. This is a mistake at both ends. The parents must try not to impose the same expectations which their parents had from them. Similarly, the kids must not outright wrong their parents but try to understand where this is coming from.

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How to Bridge the Gap?

As we all know there is no stronger bond than that of a kid and his parents. Thus, we must understand its importance and handle it with care. Nowadays, it is very disheartening to see that these precious relationships are getting strained due to a generation gap.

In other words, just because there is a difference of opinion does not mean that people give up on relationships. It is high time both parties understand that no one is completely right or wrong. They can both reach a middle ground and sort it out. Acceptance and understanding are the keys here.

Moreover, there must be a friendly relationship between parents and kids. The kids must be given the space to express themselves freely without the fear of traditional thinking. Likewise, the children must trust their parents enough to indulge them in their lives.

Most importantly, there is a need to set boundaries between the two parties. Instead of debating, it is better to understand the point of view. This will result in great communication and both will be happy irrespective of the generation gap.

In short, a generation gap happens due to the constant changes in the world. While we may not stop the evolvement of the world, we can strengthen the bond and bridge the gap it creates. Each person must respect everyone for their individuality rather than fitting them into a box they believe to be right.

FAQs on Generation Gap

Q.1 How does the generation gap impact relationships?

A.1 The generation gap impacts relationships severely. It creates a difference between them and also a lack of understanding. All this results in strained relationships.

Q.2 How can we bridge the generation gap?

A.2 We can bridge the generation gap by creating a safe environment for people to express themselves. We must understand and accept each other for what they are rather than fitting them in a box.

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Essay On Generation Gap

Generation Gap Essay

500+ words generation gap essay.

The generation gap means the difference between two generations. It often causes conflict between parents and kids. The term can also be explained as the difference of opinions and ideologies between two generations. The views can also be different in religious belief, attitude towards life and political views.

People from different generations differ from each other in various aspects of life. For example, people born before Independence are different from today’s generation. The thinking of both generations is poles apart in terms of the economic, cultural and social environment. Our world keeps changing, and the vast difference between the two generations is inevitable.

Our society keeps on changing at a constant pace, and because of it, people’s opinions, beliefs, ideologies, and behaviour also change with time. These changes bring positive changes to our society by breaking the stereotypes. However, it becomes a cause of conflict between two generations most of the time.

Generation Gap – Impact on Relationships

We should always welcome fresh and new ideas. Accepting new changes indicates that we are advancing and developing significantly. But, there will be a clash between the opinions and views of both generations. The result of this clash leads to distanced relations. If this clash gets too much, it will be a matter of worry.

We can see the generation gap, usually between parents and kids. Parents typically want to follow the traditions and norms and expect the same thing from their kids. But in the modern age, kids with broad thinking refuse to accept such traditions and customs. They want to live their life according to their ways. They fail to understand each other, which sometimes turns into clashes. It is considered one of the primary reasons for conflict between parents and kids.

Both parents and their kids fail to reach a solution that distances them from each other and creates misunderstandings. Parents should not impose their expectations on them to avoid such conflicts. Similarly, the kids should also try to understand their parents’ situation and where it is coming from.

Reasons for Generation Gap:

A generation gap does not mean an age difference. It means the overall difference in their views and opinions, way of talking, style of living, etc. Even there is a vast difference of belief towards cultures and traditions of old and new generations. The primary reasons behind this generation gap are the communication gap, advanced technology, the old mentality, and today’s nuclear family concept. Nowadays, children and grandparents hardly communicate, which leads to a generation gap.

How to Bridge the Generation Gap?

1. Communicate

To reduce the generation gap, communication should be the initial step. Lack of communication between parents and kids leads to this gap. You should talk to your parents about your daily routine, feelings, etc. By doing so, you can bridge the gap between you and your parents, which will help you to become more attached. The feeling of affection will grow stronger.

2. Spend time with your parents

Kids should spend quality time with their parents to understand each other better. They can spend quality time watching a match together or going for an evening walk. This will surely help you get closer to your parents and bridge the generation gap. You can even make your parents learn new games and play with them someday.

3. Share your problems

You should share your problems with your parents to help you with solutions. Initially, they might scold you, but at last, they will support you and suggest some solutions.

4. Show genuine gestures

Effective gestures often prove to be successful and can convey more than words. It can be a gift to your parents on their birthdays, anniversaries, Mother’s or Father’s Day, etc.

5. Act Responsibly

Parents feel delighted when they see their kids behaving like grown-ups. As we grow up, our responsibilities also get bigger. It’s better for us if we understand it as fast as possible.

To sum it up, we can say that the generation gap happens due to constant changes in the world.

While we may not stop the evolution of the world, we can strengthen the bond and bridge the gap it creates. Each person must respect everyone for their individuality, rather than fitting them into a box they believe to be correct.

From our BYJU’S website, students can also access CBSE Essays related to different topics. It will help students to get good marks in their exams.

Frequently Asked Questions on Generation gap Essay

How can the generation gap issue be overcome.

It can be overcome by taking proactive steps like actively involving all family members in discussions. Also, we must not ignore or disrespect elderly people and try to explain your point of view if any difference in opinion occurs.

How should parents/ grandparents treat their children in order to avoid generation gaps?

Be friendly with children and advise them in a subtle and patient way. Also, inform them about the major decisions which are to be taken in the family and make them feel included.

What are the main reasons for generation gaps?

The ever-changing technology and the invention of several new things on a daily basis are one of the main reasons for the generation gap.

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Essay on Generation Gap

Students are often asked to write an essay on Generation Gap in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Generation Gap

Understanding the generation gap.

The term ‘Generation Gap’ refers to the differences in opinions, values, and perspectives between individuals of different generations. It often causes misunderstandings and conflicts.

The Generation Gap is primarily caused by rapid social and technological changes. Each generation grows up in a different era, experiencing unique events and advancements.

The Effects

This gap can lead to conflicts, with each generation struggling to understand the other’s viewpoint. However, it also fosters diversity and innovation.

While the Generation Gap can be challenging, it is a natural part of societal growth. Understanding and respect can bridge this gap.

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Speech on Generation Gap

250 Words Essay on Generation Gap

The term “generation gap” refers to the chasm that separates the thoughts, behaviors, and attitudes of one generation from another. This gap is primarily due to the rapid pace of societal and technological change, which often leads to a disconnect between generations.

The Causes of the Generation Gap

The primary cause of the generation gap is the rapid pace of change. Each generation grows up in a different socio-economic and technological environment, which shapes their worldview and experiences. For instance, the advent of digital technology has significantly influenced the values, attitudes, and expectations of younger generations compared to their parents and grandparents.

Implications of the Generation Gap

The generation gap can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts, as different generations may have divergent views on issues such as politics, religion, and social norms. However, it also fosters diversity and innovation, as each generation brings unique perspectives and ideas.

Bridging the Gap

Bridging the generation gap requires empathy, open-mindedness, and effective communication. Understanding and respecting the viewpoints of different generations can lead to a more harmonious coexistence and facilitate the exchange of ideas and knowledge.

In conclusion, the generation gap is a complex phenomenon that reflects the dynamic nature of society. While it can lead to conflict, it also represents an opportunity for growth and innovation. By fostering dialogue and understanding, we can bridge this gap and harness the strengths of each generation.

500 Words Essay on Generation Gap

Introduction.

The term “Generation Gap” refers to the chasm that separates the thoughts, ideologies, and attitudes of one generation from the other. The phenomenon is often attributed to the rapid cultural change in post-industrial society, making the intergenerational transmission of values and ideas more challenging.

The Essence of the Generation Gap

The Generation Gap is not a new phenomenon. It has been present for centuries, but its prominence has grown due to the accelerated pace of societal change. The older generation, molded by traditional values, often finds it difficult to understand the perspectives of the younger generation, who are shaped by modernity and rapid technological advancements. This dissonance can lead to conflicts, misunderstandings, and a general sense of disconnect between generations.

Causes of the Generation Gap

One of the primary causes of the Generation Gap is the rapid pace of technological and societal change. The advent of the internet, smartphones, and social media has drastically altered the way the younger generation communicates, socializes, and perceives the world. This shift is often incomprehensible to the older generation, who grew up in an era of face-to-face interactions and traditional communication methods.

Another cause is the changing societal norms and values. The younger generation is more liberal, open-minded, and accepting of diversity, while the older generation tends to be more conservative, sticking to established norms and traditions. This divergence in views can lead to disagreements and conflicts.

Impacts of the Generation Gap

The Generation Gap can have both positive and negative impacts. On the negative side, it can lead to misunderstandings, conflicts, and a lack of emotional connectivity between generations. It can also result in a lack of respect for the older generation’s wisdom and experience, and a disregard for the younger generation’s innovative ideas and perspectives.

On the positive side, the Generation Gap can spur societal progress. The younger generation’s fresh perspectives and innovative ideas, combined with the older generation’s wisdom and experience, can lead to societal advancement when these generations learn to understand and respect each other’s viewpoints.

The Generation Gap is an inevitable aspect of societal progression. While it can create conflicts and misunderstandings, it also presents an opportunity for growth and development. The key is to foster intergenerational dialogue and mutual respect, enabling the transfer of wisdom from the older generation to the younger, and the infusion of fresh ideas and perspectives from the younger generation to the older. By doing so, we can bridge the Generation Gap, creating a harmonious society that values both tradition and innovation.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

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Generation Gap: Childhood, Adulthood, Old Age Essay

The relations between the generations were always complicated. The older people always indicate that it their time the situation was different and people behaved in the different way. At the same period, the younger generation says about the impact of the modern tendencies, changes of the way of life that give an opportunity to claim that the younger generation is more advanced.

However, as it clearly seen though the history, such attitude of the generations to each other was always the same. Therefore, although the technical facilities, cultural and economical changes impact the society, it is possible to claim that there are no significant changes in the relations between the generations, they are neither improving, nor getting worse.

Analyzing the cultural aspect within the conflict between generations, it is necessary to admit that such cultural issues as art, music, fashion have a tendency of the permanent change. Thereby, it is obvious that the different generations which do not have the same tastes and fashion, cannot understand each other’s needs. And especially this aspect is sharp within the relations between teenagers and their parents.

Today, the tradition hierarchy of family is different than two centuries ago. Elder members of family feel themselves as the intruders. From the other side, their children can easily send parents to the social houses. During the past century, the patterns of solidarity in friend and family relations had been changed (Allan 2008).

The transformation of the family and friendship aspects influences the Western communities since 1970s. People got more freedom and, as the result, the gap in the relations between young people and their parents increased (Thompson 1998).

From the other hand, the flexibility in the constructing of personal life and relations within the social groups is also increased. As the diversity in the priorization provided more facilities and made the personal choice more complex, the cultural changes of the past century can be considered as positive.

The relations between adult and old people can be also considered from the mentioned below position (Edmunds & Turner 2002, Huntley 2006). Thus, in the article Building Positive Relationships (2008) is written about the relations between 57-years old woman and her 89-years old mother.

As it understandable from the article, the conflict between the generations still exists, however, due to the physical disability of old mother, both woman try to find a solution and to rebuild their relations.

Being in the difficult situation, old people need more attention. For adult people, “the decline of a parent’s health, death of one parent or financial pressures often mean an aging parent will need increased social and emotional support or services from family – such as help with meals, cleaning, transportation or financial matters” ( Building Positive Relationships 2010).

In this context, it is necessary to admit the position of Klinenberg (2001) who indicates the tendency of increase of a number of old people who are estranged from their previous social circle and who live alone without a strong connection with their children.

Many old people have to live in the social establishments due to unwillingness of their younger relatives to care about them. This tendency demonstrates that the traditional cultural attitude to family, marriage and old parent is changed.

Obviously, the economic conditions influence generations. Wyn (2006) explores the rupture of the educational and employment outcomes as the peculiarity of the current situation of the young generation.

As it was normal order of things, today, such disbalance is widely spread that makes young people face with a number of problems while searching a job as “the transition processes for the majority of young people born after 1970 are different from those of the majority of their parents’ generation” (Wyn 2006, p. 6).

From this point of view, it is possible to notice that the younger generation has a significant reason to claim that the current situation on the labor market is more difficult than it was years ago.

According to the statistics provided by Wyn, “by the year 2000, at the age of 27, 68 per cent of the respondents had achieved permanent jobs, and 76 per cent were in full-time jobs” (Wyn 2006, p. 10). However, from the other hand, the elder generation has much more problems within this aspect. Although old people are more experienced, many employers prefer to accept a young person than the elder one.

Analyzing Mannheim’s essay The Problem of Generation , Pilcher (1994) indicates that “the notion of generation being widespread in everyday language as a way of understanding differences between age groups and as a means of locating individuals and groups within historical times” ( Mannheim’s sociology of generations: an undervalued legacy , p. 481).

Thereby, it is possible to say that the present problem existed during the history and never turned into the tendency of improvement or worsening. Different social models, tendencies, fashion and other issues dictate the rules of the relations between generations. Although a number of researchers indicate the increasing way of generation gap, history demonstrates that such tendencies were presented at all times.

Today, teenagers and young people feel themselves free and independent as the world is controlled by them. The number of old people is growing day by day as the result of the demographic characteristics. The present century requires more fast reaction, creative ideas and flexibility which are typical for younger generation. Wyn claims that today the process for becoming adult is different and emerging.

The typical issues of those changes are “an increasingly flexible labor market, dissolution of occupational boundaries, deregulation of labour, and increases in contrast, part-time employment” (2006, p. 12). At the same period, the cultural aspect also changes. Thus, the attitude of the young people to marriage and family is different while the level of fertility reduces.

Privatization of educational services diminishes the capability of young people to get better education. Changed attitude to the elder relatives led to a big number of the old people abandoned in the social houses. Generation gap is the key moment within the understanding of the relations between generations.

There is possible to say about the sharp conflict which is concerned with different parts of life and particularly with economic and cultural aspects. Young adults and elder people have the different possibilities to find a job, to increase their financial status according to the current tendencies in the society and they have different cultural tastes and traditional values.

However, although the cultural and economical changes impact the society and the generation gap is significant, it is necessary to claim that the relations between the generations are neither improving, nor getting worse. The historical knowledge provides the demonstration that such situation was always actual and topical.

Reference List

Allan, G 2008, ‘Flexibility, Friendship and Family’, Personal Relationships , 15: 1-16.

Building Positive Relationships 2010. Web.

Edmunds, J & Turner, B. S 2002, ‘Introduction: Generations, War and Intellectuals’, Generations, Culture and Society , Open University Press, Buckingham, pp. 1-23.

Huntley, R 2006, ‘From X to Y’, The World According to Y: Inside the New Adult Generation , Crows Nest: Allen & Unwin, pp. 1-23.

Klinenberg, E 2001, ‘Dying Alone: The Social Production of Urban Isolation’, Ethnography , 4:2, pp. 501-531. Web.

Pilcher,J (1994), ‘Mannheim’s sociology of generations: an undervalued legacy’, BJC, Vol. 45, Issue 3: pp. 481-495.

Thompson, K 1998, ‘The Classic Moral Panic: Mods and Rockers’, Moral Panics , Routledge, London, pp. 31-56.

Wyn, J 2004, ‘Becoming Adult in the 2000s: New Transitions and New Careers’, Family Matters , 68: pp. 6-12.

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Home — Essay Samples — Sociology — Sociology of Generations — Generation Gap

Essays on Generation Gap

Generation gap essay, types of gap generation essay:.

Societal Impact Essay: This type of essay examines how the generation gap impacts society as a whole. It explores the differences in beliefs, attitudes, and values between generations and how they contribute to social change.
Family and Parenting Essay: This essay explores the differences in parenting styles and attitudes between generations. It discusses the challenges faced by parents in bridging the generation gap and the impact it has on family dynamics.
Cultural and Technological Essay: This type of essay examines how technological advancements and cultural changes contribute to the generation gap. It explores the differences in values and attitudes towards technology and cultural practices.

Societal Impact Essay

Conduct research: To write a generation gap societal impact essay, research is essential. Gather information on how the generation gap affects society, culture, politics, and economics. Utilize credible sources such as academic journals, books, and articles from reputable publications.
Select a topic: Choose a topic that reflects the societal impact of the generation gap. For example, you could write about how the generation gap affects family relationships, the workplace, politics, or cultural norms.
Develop an outline: Plan out your essay by creating an outline that includes your main points, supporting evidence, and a conclusion. Ensure that your thesis statement is clear and concise and directly relates to the societal impact of the generation gap.
Use relevant examples: Use real-life examples to illustrate the societal impact of the generation gap. This could be a current event, a personal experience, or a case study.
Be objective: Avoid being biased or making sweeping generalizations about a particular generation. Instead, focus on presenting an objective analysis of the societal impact of the generation gap.

Family and Parenting Essay

Start by identifying specific examples of generation gaps in your family or other families. Think about how different values, attitudes, and beliefs have caused conflicts or misunderstandings.
Provide background information on how the generation gap has evolved over time and how it is influenced by cultural and social changes.
Analyze how the generation gap affects the parent-child relationship, communication, and decision-making. You can explore the challenges that parents face in trying to understand and connect with their children, or the struggles that children face in trying to assert their independence and establish their own identities.
Use personal anecdotes, interviews, and research studies to support your arguments. This will help you provide a more nuanced and realistic picture of the challenges and opportunities that come with the generation gap.
Finally, offer suggestions or recommendations on how families can bridge the generation gap and build stronger relationships. This can include strategies for better communication, more understanding and empathy, and mutual respect for different perspectives and values.

Cultural and Technological Essay

Choose a specific cultural or technological aspect: The generation gap can be analyzed in various cultural and technological aspects such as music, fashion, communication, social media, etc. Choose a specific aspect that interests you and that you think you can write about in depth.
Research and gather information: Research the cultural or technological aspect you want to analyze, and gather information from different sources such as books, articles, and academic journals. Make sure to use reliable and reputable sources.
Compare and contrast the differences: Analyze the differences in attitudes, beliefs, and values between the generations in relation to the cultural or technological aspect you are examining. Compare and contrast these differences to provide a clear picture of the generation gap.
Provide examples: To make your essay more engaging, provide specific examples that illustrate the generation gap in the cultural or technological aspect you are examining.
Be objective: When writing your essay, avoid being biased or judgmental. Instead, present the facts objectively and let the reader draw their conclusions.

Tips for Choosing a Topic:

Brainstorm: Start by brainstorming ideas related to the generation gap that interest you. Think about the different aspects of society that are impacted by the generation gap, such as politics, education, or media.
Research: Conduct research on the chosen topic to gather relevant information and statistics. This will help you to develop a deeper understanding of the subject matter and provide a factual basis for your arguments.
Identify Controversies: Look for controversies and debates related to the generation gap that could make for interesting essay topics. For example, you could explore the debate around the impact of technology on the generation gap.
Personal Experience: Draw from personal experiences with the generation gap to develop a unique perspective on the topic. Reflect on your own experiences and those of others to gain insights into the challenges and opportunities presented by the generation gap.

The Gap Between Three Generations: Mine, My Parents’, and My Children’s

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Generation Gap in Workplace: Conflicts Between Generations

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Yu Fang Vs. Jung Chang: a Generation Gap

The generational gap and rock 'n' roll in the 1950s, the case of dympna ugwu-oju and generational gaps, generation gap and the diversity cultures between two countries in "the dining room", relevant topics.

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Elia Barbieri - Big Idea - The Guardian Saturday - 4th February 2023 - Why the generational divide is a myth

The big idea: why the generation gap isn’t as wide as you think

Pitting boomers against millennials is a distraction from the inequality that affects us all

D efining generations is all about division. We are classified into groups based on when we were born, these are given snappy, headline-friendly labels, and all our attention is directed to the supposed conflicts between them.

We find it much easier to blame particular generations for changes we don’t like than any other kind of demographic grouping. Baby boomers, for example, have taken all the houses, stolen all the wealth and destroyed the planet; millennials are responsible for the end of marriage, the demise of office parties and even marmalade (sales have been falling since 2013).

Of course, older people have always denigrated the young: in 400BC Socrates moaned about the youth of his day and their “bad manners, contempt for authority, disrespect for elders”. But now we have the tools to communicate these perennial biases at scale.

This is a key feature of what has become a generationally tinged culture war. We’re bombarded with stories of a “woke” generation obsessed with “safe spaces” and fostering a “cancel culture”. But this is a misdirection. It is true that younger people have a different perspective on shifting social norms – but that has always been the case.

Younger generations are just more comfortable with new cultural ideas, because they didn’t grow up with the older ones. In fact, in my analysis of long trends, it’s pretty much a constant that the youngest generation will be twice as comfortable with the latest cultural norm than the oldest: the emergent issues when baby boomers were young adults in the 1980s were women’s roles in the workplace and the acceptability of homosexuality; for young people today, it’s more likely to be gender identity, or how we interpret history. The issues change, but the generational patterns are eerily similar.

The fact that we feel so unusually divided right now has more to do with the period we’re living through than any fundamental generational characteristics.

There are two vital changes in context that help explain this. The first is economic. We have seen an extraordinary increase in private wealth among older people, with baby boomers particular beneficiaries. As a recent Resolution Foundation report shows, this older group owns more than half of all private wealth, seven times the amount owned by millennials. Of course, there is a strong lifecycle element to wealth, in that we build it up as we age. But the chasm is of a different scale to the past, and it’s a pattern repeated in many countries. For example, in the US, when baby boomers were an average age of 45, they owned 42% of the US’s total private wealth. When generation X got to the same milestone, they owned just 15% – and millennials are sure to take this even lower. This is a significant new division, the result of historical circumstance and the protection afforded to the boomers’ interests due to their electoral weight.

Secondly, however, our increased sense of intergenerational division can’t be separated from our new, incredibly divisive information environment. Conflict is clickable, and generational groups are often in the frontline.

I inadvertently created a small example of that fake division through a survey we conducted in 2022, which examined how different generations in the UK viewed each other. One question tested a statement based on an interview with TV personality Kirstie Allsopp, in which she seemed to suggest young people couldn’t afford their own homes because they spent too much on Netflix, gym subscriptions, fancy coffees and foreign holidays. Distressingly, half the public agreed – and, even more distressingly, generation Z were just as likely to agree as older generations.

The current cohort of young people have clearly internalised a sense of self-blame, when the much more important explanations for lower levels of home ownership, for example, are the extraordinary decades-long surge in house prices, stagnating wages and stricter lending rules.

But the key lesson for me wasn’t the rights and wrongs of the assertion – it was how the results of our poll were reported. The headlines across various outlets were all variations of: “Boomers blame Netflix and takeaways for young not owning homes” – despite boomers being no more likely to think that way than anyone else. News sites know a piece that invents a generational division, particularly with boomers as the villains, will be read and shared more.

However, despite all the engineered, exaggerated, and indeed real divisions, we are unlikely to see a breakdown in relations between generations, or even much of a political fightback from younger people. That’s partly because of the tendency they have to blame themselves for their bad fortune – but there are a number of other reasons.

Despite the rhetoric, we’re actually more deeply connected up and down the generations than across them, because of our families. We love our parents and grandparents, and, more selfishly, we want them to keep what they’ve accumulated, or for them to continue to receive all the support they can – because if they don’t, it will reduce what we get or leave us footing the bill. The mindblowing amount of wealth at the top of the age range will flow down eventually. The problem is that it will do so very unevenly – and that also fractures any concerted will for change among younger generations.

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The lack of anger and action from young people is frustrating for those of us who believe we desperately need a better generational settlement. But for that to occur, two policy graveyards would have to be traversed: the questions of how to tax wealth, and how to fix the broken housing market. Wealth and housing have become so tied to when you were born that radical action to break the chain of intergenerational privilege seems warranted. Yet this is unlikely given the lack of bitterness we feel towards the people in our lives who would be affected by such a breach. Ironically, the divisions between generations are neither clear nor passionate enough to make a fairer deal inevitable. The task before us is therefore to find another way of bringing that about.

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Generation Gap Essay

Although we hear the phrase "generation gap" somewhat often, the majority of the time, we cannot comprehend what it means. In this day and age, there is a genuine cause for worry over a generational divide. This issue affects almost every single household in the world. Even if there is just a ten-year age gap between two people, it is possible to discern that there is a generational divide in today's society. Here are a few sample essays on generation gap.

100 Words Essay On Generation Gap

A generation gap exists when the two groups have a large age difference. Generational disparities are a significant issue in modern society. If you compare people's perspectives from different generations, you might say there is a generation gap on that topic. Sociologists initially explored the concept of a generational divide in the 1960s. The distance between generations may be maintained by mutual comprehension. The main issue with the generation divide is a need for more communication. The generation gap influences many facets of society, including fashion, way of life, language, etc. A generation gap in your life may negatively impact your relationships, emotions, and overall quality of life. The generation gap is primarily the result of the effects of development and technological advancement. Disagreements and misunderstandings between relatives of different ages are commonplace due to generational differences.

200 Words Essay On Generation Gap

Our initial thought when we hear the term "generation gap" is that it must refer to a disparity in age of at least ten years between two groups of individuals. It's just the case that today's youth and their parents have divergent views on several issues. The generation gap occurs when individuals from different generations lack the qualities necessary to communicate effectively and reach a consensus on essential issues.

Everybody agrees that this is a significant problem. It may cause tension inside a person's family when it comes up. Many families are shattered as a result. Let's look at some concrete instances of this generational divide—

Our parents can mistakenly believe that their kid is spending too much time online even if they are doing so for educational and work purposes and sometimes it can be difficult for parents to understand. In this case, the generation difference might be problematic if the kid cannot help their parents see things from their perspective.

Many of our grandparents still adhere to the prevailing view that their grandchildren should tie the knot between 18 and 25. Today, however, many young people reject the idea of an early wedding. As a result, the generation gap is also a problem in this respect.

500 Words Essay on Generation Gap

The generation gap is a problem anywhere individuals of dramatically different age groups interact with one another, including at home, in the classroom, and in the workplace. There is a generation gap when members of different generations have drastically different worldviews, values, and priorities. There might be a generation divide, whether at home, in the classroom, or in the workplace. As a result of being raised in various eras, individuals of different generations sometimes have divergent views on the same topic.

Generational Differences

Interactions between parents and their offspring are a classic illustration of generational differences. As a result of their similar psychological and emotional differences, they experience a wide range of highs and lows in their interactions. Another source of tension is the fact that generational gaps in communication occur when kids speak languages their parents don't comprehend.

There is a generational divide between teachers and their students and some older educators may have trouble accepting the youngsters' worldviews.

It's common to hear claims like "our generation was superior" or "our generation is much better" when contrasting two periods. These few instances, however, serve to illustrate the generational divide clearly.

Why Generation Gap Is Widening

The generations are becoming more apart these days.This is due to the rapid pace at which technology and people's ideas and practices evolve. People used to be patient and wait for things to be done excellently and systematically, but today's youth are impatient and want instant gratification.

The older age has more life experience to share, but today's youth aren't interested in picking the brains of their elders. They need to remember that learning has always been the superior method.

Instead of relying only on technology, young people should seek the wisdom of those who have come before them. There has always been a two-way street regarding education that requires giving and receiving. To that end, young people should look to their elders for guidance and guidance on how to use the new technology.

The Generation Gap: What Can Be Done?

In light of the gravity of the problem posed by the generation gap, efforts to narrow it are urgently warranted. The age difference can be narrower than it is. for instance

Mutual regard is essential | The present and prior generations should value and appreciate one another's perspectives and values. Relationships between generations benefit from mutual respect for one another's opinions.

Closing the informational divide | The generations should work together to bridge the gap that separates them. There will be no sharing of ideas and opinions, which may lead to friction and conflict if individuals cannot communicate with one another.

Start on cordial terms | The two generations should work to become friends so that we may have an in-depth conversation about our perspectives more effortlessly.

Effects of the Generational Divide | It has a wide variety of adverse effects. It leads to strife and contention among the people. For instance, if someone does not share our point of view, we may conflict with one another because of our divergent points of view. Additionally, it results in everyday arguments within the family.

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Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats create and direct original routines for themselves, in addition to developing interpretations of existing routines. The work of circus acrobats can be seen in a variety of performance settings, including circus, reality shows, sports events like the Olympics, movies and commercials. Individuals who opt for a career as acrobats must be prepared to face rejections and intermittent periods of work. The creativity of acrobats may extend to other aspects of the performance. For example, acrobats in the circus may work with gym trainers, celebrities or collaborate with other professionals to enhance such performance elements as costume and or maybe at the teaching end of the career.

Video Game Designer

Career as a video game designer is filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. A video game designer is someone who is involved in the process of creating a game from day one. He or she is responsible for fulfilling duties like designing the character of the game, the several levels involved, plot, art and similar other elements. Individuals who opt for a career as a video game designer may also write the codes for the game using different programming languages.

Depending on the video game designer job description and experience they may also have to lead a team and do the early testing of the game in order to suggest changes and find loopholes.

Radio Jockey

Radio Jockey is an exciting, promising career and a great challenge for music lovers. If you are really interested in a career as radio jockey, then it is very important for an RJ to have an automatic, fun, and friendly personality. If you want to get a job done in this field, a strong command of the language and a good voice are always good things. Apart from this, in order to be a good radio jockey, you will also listen to good radio jockeys so that you can understand their style and later make your own by practicing.

A career as radio jockey has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. If you want to know more about a career as radio jockey, and how to become a radio jockey then continue reading the article.

Choreographer

The word “choreography" actually comes from Greek words that mean “dance writing." Individuals who opt for a career as a choreographer create and direct original dances, in addition to developing interpretations of existing dances. A Choreographer dances and utilises his or her creativity in other aspects of dance performance. For example, he or she may work with the music director to select music or collaborate with other famous choreographers to enhance such performance elements as lighting, costume and set design.

Social Media Manager

A career as social media manager involves implementing the company’s or brand’s marketing plan across all social media channels. Social media managers help in building or improving a brand’s or a company’s website traffic, build brand awareness, create and implement marketing and brand strategy. Social media managers are key to important social communication as well.

Photographer

Photography is considered both a science and an art, an artistic means of expression in which the camera replaces the pen. In a career as a photographer, an individual is hired to capture the moments of public and private events, such as press conferences or weddings, or may also work inside a studio, where people go to get their picture clicked. Photography is divided into many streams each generating numerous career opportunities in photography. With the boom in advertising, media, and the fashion industry, photography has emerged as a lucrative and thrilling career option for many Indian youths.

An individual who is pursuing a career as a producer is responsible for managing the business aspects of production. They are involved in each aspect of production from its inception to deception. Famous movie producers review the script, recommend changes and visualise the story.

They are responsible for overseeing the finance involved in the project and distributing the film for broadcasting on various platforms. A career as a producer is quite fulfilling as well as exhaustive in terms of playing different roles in order for a production to be successful. Famous movie producers are responsible for hiring creative and technical personnel on contract basis.

Copy Writer

In a career as a copywriter, one has to consult with the client and understand the brief well. A career as a copywriter has a lot to offer to deserving candidates. Several new mediums of advertising are opening therefore making it a lucrative career choice. Students can pursue various copywriter courses such as Journalism , Advertising , Marketing Management . Here, we have discussed how to become a freelance copywriter, copywriter career path, how to become a copywriter in India, and copywriting career outlook.

In a career as a vlogger, one generally works for himself or herself. However, once an individual has gained viewership there are several brands and companies that approach them for paid collaboration. It is one of those fields where an individual can earn well while following his or her passion.

Ever since internet costs got reduced the viewership for these types of content has increased on a large scale. Therefore, a career as a vlogger has a lot to offer. If you want to know more about the Vlogger eligibility, roles and responsibilities then continue reading the article.

For publishing books, newspapers, magazines and digital material, editorial and commercial strategies are set by publishers. Individuals in publishing career paths make choices about the markets their businesses will reach and the type of content that their audience will be served. Individuals in book publisher careers collaborate with editorial staff, designers, authors, and freelance contributors who develop and manage the creation of content.

Careers in journalism are filled with excitement as well as responsibilities. One cannot afford to miss out on the details. As it is the small details that provide insights into a story. Depending on those insights a journalist goes about writing a news article. A journalism career can be stressful at times but if you are someone who is passionate about it then it is the right choice for you. If you want to know more about the media field and journalist career then continue reading this article.

Individuals in the editor career path is an unsung hero of the news industry who polishes the language of the news stories provided by stringers, reporters, copywriters and content writers and also news agencies. Individuals who opt for a career as an editor make it more persuasive, concise and clear for readers. In this article, we will discuss the details of the editor's career path such as how to become an editor in India, editor salary in India and editor skills and qualities.

Individuals who opt for a career as a reporter may often be at work on national holidays and festivities. He or she pitches various story ideas and covers news stories in risky situations. Students can pursue a BMC (Bachelor of Mass Communication) , B.M.M. (Bachelor of Mass Media) , or MAJMC (MA in Journalism and Mass Communication) to become a reporter. While we sit at home reporters travel to locations to collect information that carries a news value.

Corporate Executive

Are you searching for a Corporate Executive job description? A Corporate Executive role comes with administrative duties. He or she provides support to the leadership of the organisation. A Corporate Executive fulfils the business purpose and ensures its financial stability. In this article, we are going to discuss how to become corporate executive.

Multimedia Specialist

A multimedia specialist is a media professional who creates, audio, videos, graphic image files, computer animations for multimedia applications. He or she is responsible for planning, producing, and maintaining websites and applications.

Quality Controller

A quality controller plays a crucial role in an organisation. He or she is responsible for performing quality checks on manufactured products. He or she identifies the defects in a product and rejects the product.

A quality controller records detailed information about products with defects and sends it to the supervisor or plant manager to take necessary actions to improve the production process.

Production Manager

A QA Lead is in charge of the QA Team. The role of QA Lead comes with the responsibility of assessing services and products in order to determine that he or she meets the quality standards. He or she develops, implements and manages test plans.

Process Development Engineer

The Process Development Engineers design, implement, manufacture, mine, and other production systems using technical knowledge and expertise in the industry. They use computer modeling software to test technologies and machinery. An individual who is opting career as Process Development Engineer is responsible for developing cost-effective and efficient processes. They also monitor the production process and ensure it functions smoothly and efficiently.

AWS Solution Architect

An AWS Solution Architect is someone who specializes in developing and implementing cloud computing systems. He or she has a good understanding of the various aspects of cloud computing and can confidently deploy and manage their systems. He or she troubleshoots the issues and evaluates the risk from the third party.

Azure Administrator

An Azure Administrator is a professional responsible for implementing, monitoring, and maintaining Azure Solutions. He or she manages cloud infrastructure service instances and various cloud servers as well as sets up public and private cloud systems.

Computer Programmer

Careers in computer programming primarily refer to the systematic act of writing code and moreover include wider computer science areas. The word 'programmer' or 'coder' has entered into practice with the growing number of newly self-taught tech enthusiasts. Computer programming careers involve the use of designs created by software developers and engineers and transforming them into commands that can be implemented by computers. These commands result in regular usage of social media sites, word-processing applications and browsers.

Information Security Manager

Individuals in the information security manager career path involves in overseeing and controlling all aspects of computer security. The IT security manager job description includes planning and carrying out security measures to protect the business data and information from corruption, theft, unauthorised access, and deliberate attack

ITSM Manager

Automation test engineer.

An Automation Test Engineer job involves executing automated test scripts. He or she identifies the project’s problems and troubleshoots them. The role involves documenting the defect using management tools. He or she works with the application team in order to resolve any issues arising during the testing process.

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It’s Time to Stop Talking About “Generations”

By Louis Menand

The discovery that you can make money marketing merchandise to teen-agers dates from the early nineteen-forties, which is also when the term “youth culture” first appeared in print. There was a reason that those things happened when they did: high school. Back in 1910, most young people worked; only fourteen per cent of fourteen- to seventeen-year-olds were still in school. In 1940, though, that proportion was seventy-three per cent. A social space had opened up between dependency and adulthood, and a new demographic was born: “youth.”

The rate of high-school attendance kept growing. By 1955, eighty-four per cent of high-school-age Americans were in school. (The figure for Western Europe was sixteen per cent.) Then, between 1956 and 1969, college enrollment in the United States more than doubled, and “youth” grew from a four-year demographic to an eight-year one. By 1969, it made sense that everyone was talking about the styles and values and tastes of young people: almost half the population was under twenty-five.

Today, a little less than a third of the population is under twenty-five, but youth remains a big consumer base for social-media platforms, streaming services, computer games, music, fashion, smartphones, apps, and all kinds of other goods, from motorized skateboards to eco-friendly water bottles. To keep this market churning, and to give the consulting industry something to sell to firms trying to understand (i.e., increase the productivity of) their younger workers, we have invented a concept that allows “youth culture” to be redefined periodically. This is the concept of the generation.

The term is borrowed from human reproductive biology. In a kinship structure, parents and their siblings constitute “the older generation”; offspring and their cousins are “the younger generation.” The time it takes, in our species, for the younger generation to become the older generation is traditionally said to be around thirty years. (For the fruit fly, it’s ten days.) That is how the term is used in the Hebrew Bible, and Herodotus said that a century could be thought of as the equivalent of three generations.

Around 1800, the term got transplanted from the family to society. The new idea was that people born within a given period, usually thirty years, belong to a single generation. There is no sound basis in biology or anything else for this claim, but it gave European scientists and intellectuals a way to make sense of something they were obsessed with, social and cultural change. What causes change? Can we predict it? Can we prevent it? Maybe the reason societies change is that people change, every thirty years.

Before 1945, most people who theorized about generations were talking about literary and artistic styles and intellectual trends—a shift from Romanticism to realism, for example, or from liberalism to conservatism. The sociologist Karl Mannheim, in an influential essay published in 1928, used the term “generation units” to refer to writers, artists, and political figures who self-consciously adopt new ways of doing things. Mannheim was not interested in trends within the broader population. He assumed that the culture of what he called “peasant communities” does not change.

Nineteenth-century generational theory took two forms. For some thinkers, generational change was the cause of social and historical change. New generations bring to the world new ways of thinking and doing, and weed out beliefs and practices that have grown obsolete. This keeps society rejuvenated. Generations are the pulse of history. Other writers thought that generations were different from one another because their members carried the imprint of the historical events they lived through. The reason we have generations is that we have change, not the other way around.

There are traces of both the pulse hypothesis and the imprint hypothesis in the way we talk about generations today. We tend to assume that there is a rhythm to social and cultural history that maps onto generational cohorts, such that each cohort is shaped by, or bears the imprint of, major historical events—Vietnam, 9/11, COVID . But we also think that young people develop their own culture, their own tastes and values, and that this new culture displaces the culture of the generation that preceded theirs.

Today, the time span of a generational cohort is usually taken to be around fifteen years (even though the median age of first-time mothers in the U.S. is now twenty-six and of first-time fathers thirty-one). People born within that period are supposed to carry a basket of characteristics that differentiate them from people born earlier or later.

This supposition requires leaps of faith. For one thing, there is no empirical basis for claiming that differences within a generation are smaller than differences between generations. (Do you have less in common with your parents than with people you have never met who happen to have been born a few years before or after you?) The theory also seems to require that a person born in 1965, the first year of Generation X, must have different values, tastes, and life experiences from a person born in 1964, the last year of the baby-boom generation (1946-64). And that someone born in the last birth year of Gen X, 1980, has more in common with someone born in 1965 or 1970 than with someone born in 1981 or 1990.

Everyone realizes that precision dating of this kind is silly, but although we know that chronological boundaries can blur a bit, we still imagine generational differences to be bright-line distinctions. People talk as though there were a unique DNA for Gen X—what in the nineteenth century was called a generational “entelechy”—even though the difference between a baby boomer and a Gen X-er is about as meaningful as the difference between a Leo and a Virgo.

You could say the same things about decades, of course. A year is, like a biological generation, a measurable thing, the time it takes the Earth to orbit the sun. But there is nothing in nature that corresponds to a decade—or a century, or a millennium. Those are terms of convenience, determined by the fact that we have ten fingers.

Yet we happily generalize about “the fifties” and “the sixties” as having dramatically distinct, well, entelechies. Decade-thinking is deeply embedded. For most of us, “She’s a seventies person” carries a lot more specific information than “She’s Gen X.” By this light, generations are just a novel way of slicing up the space-time continuum, no more arbitrary, and possibly a little less, than decades and centuries. The question, therefore, is not “Are generations real?” The question is “Are they a helpful way to understand anything?”

Bobby Duffy, the author of “The Generation Myth” (Basic), says yes, but they’re not as helpful as people think. Duffy is a social scientist at King’s College London. His argument is that generations are just one of three factors that explain changes in attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors. The others are historical events and “life-cycle effects,” that is, how people change as they age. His book illustrates, with a somewhat overwhelming array of graphs and statistics, how events and aging interact with birth cohort to explain differences in racial attitudes, happiness, suicide rates, political affiliations—you name it, for he thinks that his three factors explain everything.

TITLE The Four Musicians Of The Apocalypse

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Duffy’s over-all finding is that people in different age groups are much more alike than all the talk about generations suggests, and one reason for all that talk, he thinks, is the consulting industry. He says that, in 2015, American firms spent some seventy million dollars on generational consulting (which doesn’t seem that much, actually). “What generational differences exist in the workplace?” he asks. His answer: “Virtually none.”

Duffy is good at using data to take apart many familiar generational characterizations. There is no evidence, he says, of a “loneliness epidemic” among young people, or of a rise in the rate of suicide. The falling off in sexual activity in the United States and the U.K. is population-wide, not just among the young.

He says that attitudes about gender in the United States correlate more closely with political party than with age, and that, in Europe, anyway, there are no big age divides in the recognition of climate change. There is “just about no evidence,” he says, that Generation Z (1997-2012, encompassing today’s college students) is more ethically motivated than other generations. When it comes to consumer boycotts and the like, “ ‘cancel culture’ seems to be more of a middle-age thing.” He worries that generational stereotypes—such as the characterization of Gen Z-ers as woke snowflakes—are promoted in order to fuel the culture wars.

The woke-snowflake stereotype is the target of “Gen Z, Explained” (Chicago), a heartfelt defense of the values and beliefs of contemporary college students. The book has four authors, Roberta Katz, Sarah Ogilvie, Jane Shaw, and Linda Woodhead—an anthropologist, a linguist, a historian, and a sociologist—and presents itself as a social-scientific study, including a “methodological appendix.” But it resembles what might be called journalistic ethnography: the portrayal of social types by means of interviews and anecdotes.

The authors adopt a key tenet of the pulse hypothesis. They see Gen Z-ers as agents of change, a generation that has created a youth culture that can transform society. (The fact that when they finished researching their book, in 2019, roughly half of Gen Z was under sixteen does not trouble them, just as the fact that at the time of Woodstock, in 1969, more than half the baby-boom generation was under thirteen doesn’t prevent people from making generalizations about the baby boomers.)

Their book is based on hour-long interviews with a hundred and twenty students at three colleges, two in California (Stanford and Foothill College, a well-regarded community college) and one in the U.K. (Lancaster, a selective research university). The authors inform us that the interviewees were chosen “by word of mouth and personal networking,” which sounds a lot like self-selection. It is, in any event (as they unapologetically acknowledge), hardly a randomized sample.

The authors tell us that the interviews were conducted entirely by student research assistants, which means that, unless the research assistants simply read questions off a list, there was no control over the depth or the direction of the interviews. There were also some focus groups, in which students talked about their lives with, mostly, their friends, an exercise performed in an echo chamber. Journalists, or popular ethnographers, would at least have met and observed their subjects. It’s mystifying why the authors felt a need to distance themselves in this way, given how selective their sample was to begin with. We are left with quotations detached from context. Self-reporting is taken at face value.

The authors supplemented the student interviews with a lexical glossary designed to pick out words and memes heavily used by young people, and with two surveys, designed by one of the authors (Woodhead) and conducted by YouGov, an Internet polling company, of eighteen- to twenty-five-year-olds in the United States and the U.K.

Where there is an awkward discrepancy between the survey results and what the college students say in the interviews, the authors attempt to explain it away. The YouGov surveys found that ninety-one per cent of all persons aged eighteen to twenty-five, American and British, identify as male or female, and only four per cent as gender fluid or nonbinary. (Five per cent declined to answer.) This does not match the impression created by the interviews, which suggest that there should be many more fluid and nonbinary young people out there, so the authors say that we don’t really know what the survey respondents meant by “male” and “female.” Well, then, maybe they should have been asked.

The authors attribute none of the characteristics they identify as Gen Z to the imprint of historical events—with a single exception: the rise of the World Wide Web. Gen Z is the first “born digital” generation. This fact has often been used to stereotype young people as screen-time addicts, captives of their smartphones, obsessed with how they appear on social media, and so on. The Internet is their “culture.” They are trapped in the Web. The authors of “Gen Z, Explained” emphatically reject this line of critique. They assure us that Gen Z-ers “understand both the potential and the downside of technology” and possess “critical awareness about the technology that shapes their lives.”

For the college students who were interviewed (although not, evidently, for the people who were surveyed), a big part of Gen Z culture revolves around identity. As the authors put it, “self-labeling has become an imperative that is impossible to escape.” This might seem to suggest a certain degree of self-absorption, but the authors assure us that these young people “are self-identified and self-reliant but markedly not self-centered, egotistical, or selfish.”

“Lily” is offered to illustrate the ethical richness of this new concern. It seems that Lily has a friend who is always late to meet with her: “She explained that while she of course wanted to honor and respect his unique identity, choices, and lifestyle—including his habitual tardiness—she was also frustrated by how that conflicted with her sense that he was then not respecting her identity and preference for timeliness.” The authors do not find this amusing.

The book’s big claim is that Gen Z-ers “may well be the heralds of new attitudes and expectations about how individuals and institutions can change for the better.” They have come up with new ways of working (collaborative), new forms of identity (fluid and intersectional), new concepts of community (diverse, inclusive, non-hierarchical).

Methodology aside, there is much that is refreshing here. There is no reason to assume that younger people are more likely to be passive victims of technology than older people (that assumption is classic old person’s bias), and it makes sense that, having grown up doing everything on a computer, Gen Z-ers have a fuller understanding of the digital universe than analog dinosaurs do. The dinosaurs can say, “You don’t know what you’re missing,” but Gen Z-ers can say, “You don’t understand what you’re getting.”

The claim that addiction to their devices is the cause of a rise in mental disorders among teen-agers is a lot like the old complaint that listening to rock and roll turns kids into animals. The authors cite a recent study (not their own) that concludes that the association between poor mental health and eating potatoes is greater than the association with technology use. We’re all in our own fishbowls. We should hesitate before we pass judgment on what life is like in the fishbowls of others.

The major problem with “Gen Z, Explained” is not so much the authors’ fawning tone, or their admiration for the students’ concerns—“environmental degradation, equality, violence, and injustice”—even though they are the same concerns that almost everyone in their social class has, regardless of age. The problem is the “heralds of a new dawn” stuff.

“A crisis looms for all unless we can find ways to change,” they warn. “Gen Zers have ideas of the type of world they would like to bring into being. By listening carefully to what they are saying, we can appreciate the lessons they have to teach us: be real, know who you are, be responsible for your own well-being, support your friends, open up institutions to the talents of the many, not the few, embrace diversity, make the world kinder, live by your values.”

I believe we have been here before, Captain. Fifty-one years ago, The New Yorker ran a thirty-nine-thousand-word piece that began:

There is a revolution under way . . . It is now spreading with amazing rapidity, and already our laws, institutions, and social structure are changing in consequence. Its ultimate creation could be a higher reason, a more human community, and a new and liberated individual. This is the revolution of the new generation.

The author was a forty-two-year-old Yale Law School professor named Charles Reich, and the piece was an excerpt from his book “The Greening of America,” which, when it came out, later that year, went to No. 1 on the Times best-seller list.

Reich had been in San Francisco in 1967, during the so-called Summer of Love, and was amazed and excited by the flower-power wing of the counterculture—the bell-bottom pants (about which he waxes ecstatic in the book), the marijuana and the psychedelic drugs, the music, the peace-and-love life style, everything.

He became convinced that the only way to cure the ills of American life was to follow the young people. “The new generation has shown the way to the one method of change that will work in today’s post-industrial society: revolution by consciousness,” he wrote. “This means a new way of living, almost a new man. This is what the new generation has been searching for, and what it has started to achieve.”

So how did that work out? The trouble, of course, was that Reich was basing his observations and predictions on, to use Mannheim’s term, a generation unit—a tiny number of people who were hyperconscious of their choices and values and saw themselves as being in revolt against the bad thinking and failed practices of previous generations. The folks who showed up for the Summer of Love were not a representative sample of sixties youth.

Most young people in the sixties did not practice free love, take drugs, or protest the war in Vietnam. In a poll taken in 1967, when people were asked whether couples should wait to have sex until they were married, sixty-three per cent of those in their twenties said yes, virtually the same as in the general population. In 1969, when people aged twenty-one to twenty-nine were asked whether they had ever used marijuana, eighty-eight per cent said no. When the same group was asked whether the United States should withdraw immediately from Vietnam, three-quarters said no, about the same as in the general population.

Most young people in the sixties were not even notably liberal. When people who attended college from 1966 to 1968 were asked which candidate they preferred in the 1968 Presidential election, fifty-three per cent said Richard Nixon or George Wallace. Among those who attended college from 1962 to 1965, fifty-seven per cent preferred Nixon or Wallace, which matched the results in the general election.

The authors of “Gen Z, Explained” are making the same erroneous extrapolation. They are generalizing on the basis of a very small group of privileged people, born within five or six years of one another, who inhabit insular communities of the like-minded. It’s fine to try to find out what these people think. Just don’t call them a generation.

Buffalo walk one behind the other in a straight line.

Most of the millions of Gen Z-ers may be quite different from the scrupulously ethical, community-minded young people in the book. Duffy cites a survey, conducted in 2019 by a market-research firm, in which people were asked to name the characteristics of baby boomers, Gen X-ers, millennials (1981-96), and Gen Z-ers. The top five characteristics assigned to Gen Z were: tech-savvy, materialistic, selfish, lazy, and arrogant. The lowest-ranked characteristic was ethical. When Gen Z-ers were asked to describe their own generation, they came up with an almost identical list. Most people born after 1996 apparently don’t think quite as well of themselves as the college students in “Gen Z, Explained” do.

In any case, “explaining” people by asking them what they think and then repeating their answers is not sociology. Contemporary college students did not invent new ways of thinking about identity and community. Those were already rooted in the institutional culture of higher education. From Day One, college students are instructed about the importance of diversity, inclusion, honesty, collaboration—all the virtuous things that the authors of “Gen Z, Explained” attribute to the new generation. Students can say (and some do say) to their teachers and their institutions, “You’re not living up to those values.” But the values are shared values.

And they were in place long before Gen Z entered college. Take “intersectionality,” which the students in “Gen Z, Explained” use as a way of refining traditional categories of identity. That term has been around for more than thirty years. It was coined (as the authors note) in 1989, by the law professor Kimberlé Crenshaw. And Crenshaw was born in 1959. She’s a boomer.

“Diversity,” as an institutional priority, dates back even farther. It played a prominent role in the affirmative-action case of Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, in 1978, which opened the constitutional door to race-conscious admissions. That was three “generations” ago. Since then, almost every selective college has worked to achieve a diverse student body and boasts about it when it succeeds. College students think of themselves and their peers in terms of identity because of how the institution thinks of them.

People who went to college in an earlier era may find this emphasis a distraction from students’ education. Why should they be constantly forced to think about their own demographic profiles and their differences from other students? But look at American politics—look at world politics—over the past five years. Aren’t identity and difference kind of important things to understand?

And who creates “youth culture,” anyway? Older people. Youth has agency in the sense that it can choose to listen to the music or wear the clothing or march in the demonstrations or not. And there are certainly ground-up products (bell-bottoms, actually). Generally, though, youth has the same degree of agency that I have when buying a car. I can choose the model I want, but I do not make the cars.

Failure to recognize the way the fabric is woven leads to skewed social history. The so-called Silent Generation is a particularly outrageous example. That term has come to describe Americans who went to high school and college in the nineteen-fifties, partly because it sets up a convenient contrast to the baby-boom generation that followed. Those boomers, we think—they were not silent! In fact, they mostly were.

The term “Silent Generation” was coined in 1951, in an article in Time —and so was not intended to characterize the decade. “Today’s generation is ready to conform,” the article concluded. Time defined the Silent Generation as people aged eighteen to twenty-eight—that is, those who entered the workforce mostly in the nineteen-forties. Though the birth dates of Time’s Silent Generation were 1923 to 1933, the term somehow migrated to later dates, and it is now used for the generation born between 1928 and 1945.

So who were these silent conformists? Gloria Steinem, Muhammad Ali, Tom Hayden, Abbie Hoffman, Jerry Rubin, Nina Simone, Bob Dylan, Noam Chomsky, Philip Roth, Susan Sontag, Martin Luther King, Jr., Billie Jean King, Jesse Jackson, Joan Baez, Berry Gordy, Amiri Baraka, Ken Kesey, Huey Newton, Jerry Garcia, Janis Joplin, Jimi Hendrix, Andy Warhol . . . Sorry, am I boring you?

It was people like these, along with even older folks, like Timothy Leary, Allen Ginsberg, and Pauli Murray, who were active in the culture and the politics of the nineteen-sixties. Apart from a few musicians, it is hard to name a single major figure in that decade who was a baby boomer. But the boomers, most of whom were too young then even to know what was going on, get the credit (or, just as unfairly, the blame).

Mannheim thought that the great danger in generational analysis was the elision of class as a factor in determining beliefs, attitudes, and experiences. Today, we would add race, gender, immigration status, and any number of other “preconditions.” A woman born to an immigrant family in San Antonio in 1947 had very different life chances from a white man born in San Francisco that year. Yet the baby-boom prototype is a white male college student wearing striped bell-bottoms and a peace button, just as the Gen Z prototype is a female high-school student with spending money and an Instagram account.

For some reason, Duffy, too, adopts the conventional names and dates of the postwar generations (all of which originated in popular culture). He offers no rationale for this, and it slightly obscures one of his best points, which is that the most formative period for many people happens not in their school years but once they leave school and enter the workforce. That is when they confront life-determining economic and social circumstances, and where factors like their race, their gender, and their parents’ wealth make an especially pronounced difference to their chances.

Studies have consistently indicated that people do not become more conservative as they age. As Duffy shows, however, some people find entry into adulthood delayed by economic circumstances. This tends to differentiate their responses to survey questions about things like expectations. Eventually, he says, everyone catches up. In other words, if you are basing your characterization of a generation on what people say when they are young, you are doing astrology. You are ascribing to birth dates what is really the result of changing conditions.

Take the boomers: when those who were born between 1946 and 1952 entered the workforce, the economy was surging. When those who were born between 1953 and 1964 entered it, the economy was a dumpster fire. It took longer for younger boomers to start a career or buy a house. People in that kind of situation are therefore likely to register in surveys as “materialistic.” But it’s not the Zeitgeist that’s making them that way. It’s just the business cycle. ♦

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How do we bridge the generation gap?

Image: An elderly man stands in Copacabana in Rio de Janeiro. REUTERS/Ricardo Moraes.

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Stay up to date:, behavioural sciences.

If one considers some of today’s main challenges – including climate change, pensions, public debt, and the labor market – an obvious conclusion emerges: It is relatively much worse to be young today than it was a quarter-century ago. Yet in most countries, the generational dimension is remarkably absent from the political debate. Fifty years ago, people spoke often, and loudly, of a “generation gap.” Today, that gap has become invisible. This is bad for the young, for democracy, and for social justice.

Start with climate change. Its containment requires changing habits and investing in emission reductions so that future generations will have a habitable planet. The alarm bell was first rung in 1992 at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro; but over the last generation, little was done to contain emissions. And progress following the landmark agreement achieved in Paris in December is unlikely to be fast, because the accord is premised on postponing major efforts. Universal assent was made possible only by further delaying.

Given the massive inertia inherent in the greenhouse effect, the gap between responsible and irresponsible behavior will start resulting in different temperatures only in a quarter-century, and major consequences will follow only in 50 years. Anyone older than 60 today will hardly notice the difference between the two scenarios. But the fate of most citizens currently younger than 30 will be fundamentally affected. In due course, the respite gained by the older generations will have to be paid for by the younger ones.

Now consider debt. Since 1990, public debt has increased by about 40 percentage points of GDP in the European Union and the United States (and much more in Japan). Given near-zero interest rates, the corresponding drag on income is currently low; but, because inflation is virtually inexistent and growth is anemic, the debt ratios have only stabilized. So debt reduction will take longer than expected in the aftermath of the global crisis, which will deprive the coming generations of the fiscal space they might need to invest in climate action or in the containment of security threats.

Future pensions represent another form of debt. The pay-as-you-go (PAYG) systems in place in many countries are giant intergenerational transfer schemes. True, everyone is expected to contribute while they work, before becoming a recipient in retirement. In an ideal steady state, pension regimes would not redistribute income across cohorts born at different points in time. As specialists say, they would be generationally neutral.

But the baby boomers (those born from the mid-1940s to the mid-1960s) paid little into the PAYG schemes because economic growth, population size, and their parents’ low life expectancy made financing pensions easy. All these factors have now gone into reverse: Growth has slowed, the baby boomers are a demographic bulge weighing on their children, and they are expected to live long.

Countries where pension reforms were introduced early have been able to limit the resulting burden on the young and keep the balance between generations approximately fair. But countries where reforms were delayed have allowed that balance to place the young at a disadvantage.

Finally, consider the labor market. Over the last decade, conditions for new entrants have worsened markedly in many countries. The number of young people categorized as NEET (neither in employment nor in education or training) currently stands at 10.2 million in the US and 14 million in the EU . Furthermore, many of those who have recently entered the labor market have suffered from job insecurity and repeated spells of unemployment. In continental Europe, especially, young workers are the first to suffer from economic downturns.

On all of these issues – climate, debt, pensions, and jobs – the younger generations have been made relatively worse off by developments over the last quarter-century. A telling symbol is that there is often more poverty among the young than among the elderly. This ought to be a major political issue, with significant implications for public finances, social protection, tax policy, and labor market regulation. And it reinforces the imperative of reviving growth through productivity-boosting policies.

Yet the new generation gap has had little direct political effect. It hardly arises in electoral debate and has generally not led to the emergence of new parties or movements. Instead, the generational divide shows up in electoral participation.

In the latest US mid-term elections, the turnout rate among younger citizens was less than 20%, compared to more than 50% for senior voters. Similar trends are observable in other countries. Despite the increased uncertainty they face, younger citizens are much more disengaged from electoral politics than their parents and grandparents were at the same age.

This generational gap in electoral participation explains why politicians care more about the elderly than about the young. But in aging societies, the more the young abstain from voting, the more decisions by parliaments and governments will be biased against their interests.

True, parents are generally not selfish. They help their children through private transfers and grants. But only those with income and wealth can provide meaningful support. The result of neglecting young people collectively while supporting them privately is social inequality on a massive scale.

How to redress generational biases in the political system is a key question for all democracies. Solutions do exist: mandatory voting, term limits for elected officials, and youth parliaments or special bodies to examine intergenerational issues, for example. But such measures are either difficult to implement or only moderately effective in view of the magnitude of the challenges.

Current trends are clearly unsustainable politically and socially. What is unclear is when and how young people will recognize that and make themselves heard.

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What Research Says About the Generation Gap

Generational Differences and Their Causes

Many grandparents grew up in an era of angry confrontations between the generations. As they ease into the role of family patriarchs and matriarchs, they may wonder: What happened to the generation gap? Is it gone or just on hiatus? Or it is still present but mostly underground?

Definition of Generation Gap

A generation gap is commonly perceived to refer to differences between generations that cause conflict and complicate communication, creating a "gap."

Word maven William Safire provides this more positive definition: "Generation gap can be a frustrating lack of communication between young and old or a useful stretch of time that separates cultures within a society, allowing them to develop their own character."

From their position in the family, and with more life experience than younger family members, grandparents are uniquely poised to see that differences between generations can be positive for all those concerned.

Past Generation Gaps

Although there always have been differences between the generations, the drastic differences that the term implies were not much in evidence until the 20th century. Before that time, society was not very mobile. Young people typically lived near their extended families, worshiped in their childhood churches, and often worked on the family farm or in a family business.

With the advent of television and movies, young people were exposed to cultural influences alien to their own families and cultures. Performers like Frank Sinatra, Elvis Presley, and James Dean won adulation from the younger generation, but often were met with derogation from the older generation. Then came the 1960s, and civil rights and the Vietnam War exposed a more serious chasm between young and old.

Today's Generation Gaps

The generation gap that was so in evidence during the '60s has resurfaced, but it is not the disruptive force that it was during the Vietnam era, a 2009 study suggests.

The Pew Research Center study found that 79% of Americans see major differences between younger and older adults in the way they look at the world. In 1969, a Gallup Poll found that a slightly smaller percentage, 74%, perceived major differences.

Today, although more Americans see generational differences, most do not see them as divisive. That is partly because of the areas of difference. The top areas of disagreement between young and old, according to the Pew Research Study, are the use of technology and taste in music. Grandparents are likely to have observed these differences in their grandchildren who are tweens, teens, and young adults.

Slightly behind these areas of difference are listed the following:

Attitudes toward different races and groups
Moral values
Religious beliefs
Respect for others
Political views

Differences Between the Generations

If large differences between the generations exist, why don't they spawn conflict? The answer is twofold.

First, the two largest areas of difference— technology and music—are less emotionally charged than political issues. The older generation is likely to be proud of the younger generation's prowess in technology, rather than to view it as a problem. As for the musical differences, each generation wants its own style of music, and the older generation generally can relate to that desire.

Second, in the other areas of difference, the younger generation tends to regard the older generation as superior to their own generation—clearly a difference from the 1960s, with its rallying cry of "Don't trust anyone over 30."

According to the Pew study, all generations regard older Americans as superior in moral values, work ethic and respect for others.

In one area, those surveyed did regard the younger generation as superior—intolerance for different races and groups. A different survey by the Pew Research Center identifies "increasing acceptance of gays and lesbians" as a particular area of difference, with almost half of those up to age 49 seeing it as a good thing, but only 37% of those aged 50 to 64 agreeing and only 21% of those 65 and over.

Safire, W. Safire's Political Dictionary . 2008. Oxford University Press.

Taylor, P. and Morin, R. Forty years after Woodstock, a gentler generation gap . Pew Research Center.

Rosentiel, T. Millennials’ judgments about recent trends not so different . Pew Research Center.

By Susan Adcox Susan Adcox is a writer covering grandparenting and author of Stories From My Grandparent: An Heirloom Journal for Your Grandchild.

Encyclopedia of Aging and Public Health pp 386–387 Cite as

Generation Gap

Nancy Mendez
Reference work entry

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1 Citations

Generation gap is a difference in values and attitudes between one generation and another, especially between young people and their parents. These differences stem from older and younger people not understanding each other because of their differences in experiences, opinions, habits, and behavior.

History has always seen some degree of generational differences. For instance, women in the 1920s shocked their elders by wearing short skirts and bobbed hair. However, the term “generation gap” came into wide use in the United States and Europe during the 1960s. It described the cultural differences between the baby boomers and their parents. During this era, the differences between the two generations were exaggerated in comparison with previous times. There were major differences in many things such as music, fashion, drug use, and politics. Experts suggest that this situation may have been created because of the extraordinary size of the baby boomer generation, which in turn gave them a...

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School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio

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School of Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio

Martha Sajatovic MD

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Mendez, N. (2008). Generation Gap. In: Loue, S.J., Sajatovic, M. (eds) Encyclopedia of Aging and Public Health. Springer, Boston, MA. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-33754-8_195

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Ordinary essays can land you a 5-6 band score, but with a little more practice, you can get to an 8-band essay. Here is a sample essay on ‘Generation Gap’.

Write an essay on generation gap in your family and how it impacts your life, describe the impact of generation gaps on your family, frequently asked questions, more resources to read about essays topics:.

Modern families are a curious mix of new and old relationships. At the intersection of traditional beliefs and skepticism lies the generation gap. This gap is the difference in beliefs, mannerisms, and culture that emerges naturally between the two generations. However, it is not always a curse as one would imagine. My family is one such example.

My parents and I form a nuclear family. I followed my parents’ religious and cultural beliefs as a child. Although as I grew in age and cognitive functioning, I began to question their beliefs and practices. While my parents did not respond kindly, my questions never ceased.

My worldview became increasingly modern with the intake of social media and pop culture. On the other hand, my parents still found it challenging to navigate technology. One would expect the generation gap to pull people apart in such a case. Except with my family, it did not quite go that way.

Regardless of the different worlds my parents and I were growing into, we never stopped communicating openly. It was one of the first and most essential rules established in our house. The second was always to respect people around us, irrespective of age. So, even when we had differing opinions, we would take the time to listen and then reason what the logically or morally right stance was. We would understand where the conflict stemmed from and each compromise to meet the other halfway.

My parents, owing to their age and experience, helped me resolve many problems that otherwise seem unsolvable. In exchange, I help them understand the technology and modern lifestyles. So, while generation gaps exist, we must not let them alienate us from the people we love.

Tentative Band Score: 6.5

Word Count: 285

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A generation gap is a distance in cultural and moral beliefs between two separate age groups. Every generation holds onto its own value sets and social sensibilities, creating disparity when these generations live together.

I live in a joint family with my paternal grandparents, parents, uncle, aunt, siblings, and cousins. This paves the way for the existence of multiple generation gaps and the ensuing struggle.

My grandparents are orthodox in their values and traditions, which means that some of their beliefs and prejudices are age-old and problematic in the modern world. On the other hand, my parents belong to the technological generation. They understand the modern lifestyle better and identify with my daily struggles. However, their belief systems are not entirely liberal due to their parental influences. All of this often becomes a cause for dispute in the family.

No matter how modern or traditional, all parents have a mental image of how they want their child to be. They are usually uncompromising about their stances and end up using their age as a factor to have their way. This creates a lack of understanding and communication in the family, causing one or both sides to feel alienated and side-lined. Over time, the generation gap widens and leaves no room for repair.

It is natural to want to live your life by your principles. However, it should not come at the price of essential relationships. Having diverse views, ideas, and opinions can instead add to the family and help everyone grow individually. There will always be misunderstandings, but listening to people with empathy and cultivating a broader outlook can offset the generation gap and re-establish peace.

Word Count: 276

Should the tone of an essay on the generation gap always be positive?

Let the points that you have to offer to decide the tone of the essay. It is crucial to be authentic in your answers. Write an honest account if the question demands an answer from your personal experience.

The examiners are going to base their scores on the following parameters:

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So, the tone of your answer essay will not impact your scores. The examiners will assess how well you can put your views into words and how you develop your arguments.

Does an essay on the generation gap have to be personal?

Once you receive your topic, read it multiple times to understand what is being asked. If your essay question asks for an expository essay, then your essay can be more general with some personal insights.

However, the IELTS writing test usually consists of opinion essays. So, when asked to shed light on a personal experience, you can cite examples and instances from your personal life.

Just remember to keep the language formal and professional.

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IELTS Writing Task 2 Topics

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Reading Section IELTS

Reading is the second part of the IELTS test and takes 60 minutes. It consists of three or sometimes four reading passages to increase difficulty, and there are a total of 40 questions to answer.

IELTS Speaking Preparation

Please note that your performance on the speaking test is assessed based on the following criteria- fluency and coherence, grammatical range and accuracy, lexical resource, and pronunciation.

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There are many phrases for IELTS speaking that a candidate should practice beforehand. If you aim for band 9, you should know these phrases.

IELTS Band Score Chart

IELTS is one of the most used English Language Proficiency Tests. The exam is scored in bands. Your IELTS band score determines the performance level of your test.

IELTS Band Score

Understanding the IELTS band score is not difficult. The results of the examination are reported on a scale of 9 bands.

IELTS Slot Booking

To book the IELTS exam, the candidates can either visit their nearest test center or book the slot online by visiting the official website of IDP. If they choose to go with the second option, they should follow the steps given below.

IELTS Academic Writing Task 1

IELTS Academic writing is meant for students who are applying for top-ranked universities and colleges in English-speaking countries. The writing task one is an academic summary writing based on diagrammatic and graphical representation.

IELTS Writing Task 2

Writing Task 2 is the second part of the writing section of IELTS, where aspirants are presented with a point of view, argument, or problem and asked to write an essay in response to the question.

Writing Task 1 IELTS

In IELTS Academic Writing Task 1 starts with a diagram, a visual representation of information. It can be a table, map, graph, process, diagram, or picture.

IELTS Essay Samples

The essay for IELTS is part of Writing Task 2. It is the same for the General Training and Academic of the IELTS. You will get a topic and have to write an essay on the same.

IELTS Cue Cards

The IELTS speaking cue cards come into play for the second part when the candidate will be choosing cue cards and then speaking on a topic for two minutes at least.

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Can flexible working bridge the generation gap once and for all?

With five generations actively in the workforce, it’s becoming crucial for employers to find innovative ways to cater to the unique needs of each generation. exploring where each group’s priorities lie, could the rise of flexible working be the solution to finally bridging the generational gap.

Iconic Offices, The Lennox Building, Dublin 2

Workplace collaboration hinges on employees’ ability to understand and connect with their colleagues. Having the capability to see things from a different perspective is an essential and powerful tool that allows us to work alongside people of diverse backgrounds and create work that is comprehensive and inclusive. This becomes a challenge when you introduce people who have grown up under very different circumstances, face different challenges and have different priorities. When this divide arises between employees of varied age groups, we call it The Generation Gap.

As of 2022, the generational divide in the workforce is evenly split with Millennials making up the majority of workers in the UK and Ireland at 35% and Gen X and Boomers following closely behind at 33% and 31% respectively. Gen Z make up a slightly smaller percentage at 20% though this number will only continue to rise in the coming years. As a result, most businesses today are operating within a multigenerational workforce with as many as five generations working within one company. While the rise of remote-working and radical advancements in technology have provided the workforce with numerous benefits, it has also led to an increase in social and professional isolation. With much of our work moved online and water-cooler conversations few and far between, it is natural to feel as though we are losing our ability to connect with our colleagues and peers. This begs the question: How can employers adjust to the constantly shifting work landscape and effectively bridge The Generational Gap?

The Baby Boomer generation began their careers in a time where having a well-paid job was a luxury, not a requirement. As a result, they tend to expect less supplementary benefits than other cohorts in order to achieve job satisfaction. Boomers value face-to-face communication and forming real connections with their colleagues which can conflict with the modern workforces move towards virtual interactions. They were raised with the mindset that their job was the reward for working hard, rather than a stepping stone to a more lucrative position. This mentality, combined with their desire for more in-person connection, can create a divide between Boomers and the generations that follow. Paul McClatchie, CEO of recruitment firm Engage People, notes that “Most people above a certain age remember a time when they felt lucky to land a job that offered prospects for the medium to long term. The attitude has shifted a little now, and it can be common for an individual to seek a job that fits neatly into their life.” This shift was most evident when Generation X entered the workforce.

Iconic Offices, Viscount House, Dublin 2

While all generations are beginning to prioritise a work-life balance, Gen X were trailblazers for the cause. They were the first generation to advocate for the flexible-working conditions that are so prevalent in today’s world. As this generation continues to prioritise a healthy work-life balance, having an accessible workspace in a prime location is a key factor. Many Gen X employees are working parents so the availability of a readily accessible space that accommodates their unpredictable needs is paramount. Severin Garanzuay, CEO and founder of Garanzuay Consulting chose the flexible workspace Iconic Offices as a base for his business to cater to the individual needs of his employees. “We understand not everyone can operate at work between 9-5. Many of our employees work non-traditional hours, delivering the work around their schedules.” Garanzuay operates out of The Merrion Buildings in Dublin 2 which provides his employees with a central hub that is accessible and close to current and potential clients.

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Millennials are the generation most concerned with their purpose in life and their work is closely tied to their identity. However, as a result of this, they’ve emerged as the generation most susceptible to burnout, and they exhibit the lowest job satisfaction among all age groups, averaging just 4.6 out of 10 according to Forbes Advisor 2024 Report. Millennials entered the workforce eager and ready to work hard but the emergence of ‘hustle culture’ alongside the overwhelming array of opportunities presented by the modern technological landscape blurred the boundaries between work and their personal lives and many ended up burnt out when they’d barely just began. Hannah Coen, co-founder of The Inside Job and Iconic Offices member, recalls how she knew it was time to leave her job when it began affecting her well-being. “I remember being overworked, lacking boundaries and experiencing burnout in both areas of work and life.” Nowadays, Millennials are still aiming to have a sense of purpose in their careers, but, taking notes from their younger counterparts, they are prioritising their well-being first. Coen notes how the switch to the flexible workspace provider, Iconic Offices, was key to repairing her relationship with work. “I prefer being in the office by choice now. I find it helpful in maintaining clear boundaries between work and life.”

Generation Z have only been working for a few years but have already earned the title of the ‘most stressed-out generation’ due to finishing their education in a global pandemic and entering the workforce in a fully remote world. Still, as a generation who grew up learning to prioritise and support their well-being, it is unsurprising that 22% of Gen Z are worried that hybrid or remote working will have a negative impact on their mental health. Rather than the social isolation that is so inherent with remote working, Gen Z are asking for a balance between at-home working and in-person interaction. As the first generation to not prioritise salary over everything else, additional benefits such as well-being supports, a diverse workplace and hybrid-working models are essential to attracting and retaining Gen Z employees. “They are now more inclined to work with a company that aligns with their values and approach. Rather than focusing exclusively on financial gain, they seek a company that focuses on social, environmental, and diversity issues,” McClatchie states.

So, what can employers do to cater to the various needs of a multigenerational workforce? When you look at each generation’s priorities, it’s clear that they all stem from the same desire to gain control over their professional and personal lives. Baby Boomers want to maintain social connection, Gen X are looking for a healthy work-life balance, Millennials need a workspace that supports their well-being and Gen Z are seeking out companies that align with their values. In order to support a multigenerational workspace, businesses must operate within a space that has the flexibility to support a multitude of needs.

The rise of flexible workspaces in the last decade has been an essential factor in aiding diverse companies to function successfully. Flexible workspaces, like Iconic Offices, challenge the constraints of traditional office space by creating intentional space for connection and collaboration. The low-commitment nature of short lease terms gives companies the opportunity to assess the needs of their team as they evolve and adapt as the generational division shifts. With 14 locations in Dublin city centre, Iconic Offices also addresses the need for an accessible, central location. Many companies choosing flexible workspaces are embracing the way these spaces lend themselves to hybrid-working models. Those who value in-person interactions have the opportunity to work in a lively workspace with like-minded individuals while those who prefer intentional office time can utilise break-out spaces and meeting rooms for purposeful collaboration.

The introduction of flexible working in the modern workforce has provided business leaders with solutions for decade-long issues. Hybrid-working allows employees to have control over their workspace and awards them the flexibility to adapt to situations in their personal life with ease. It addresses the need for control while also providing the space for collaboration and connection and it’s clear that the expectation for flexible working is only going to increase. Morgan McKinley’s 2024 Global Workplace Study found that 92% of respondents in Ireland express a strong preference for continuing in a hybrid or remote work model. Companies choosing to adapt to the growing demand for flexibility are not only bridging The Generation Gap of the current workforce’s needs but are laying the foundation for a seamless transition for the next generation of workers.

Looking for a new workspace in Dublin? Learn more about Iconic Offices’s tailored solutions here

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The evolving American dream: High costs make homeownership a distant reality for Gen Z

In salt lake city, the younger generation is set to spend a little more than $150k on rent by the time they reach 30.

By Emma Pitts

The Baby Boomers are the result of an America looking to bring new life into a world that had lost so many. Generation X was born when America was fighting for equality and change during the Civil Rights Movement. And millenials came at the turn of the century when modern technology was taking its baby steps along with them.

“Generation Z are children of the war and uncertainty and recession and pandemic of the 2000s. They have been indelibly shaped by an era of profound change and perpetual anxiety,” according to Forbes .

As each generation enters adulthood, their take on the American Dream has been modified by the state of the country at that time. For Gen Z, owning property doesn’t seem very affordable or attainable.

Research by RentCafe compared how much Gen Zers will spend on housing to how much millenials had paid by the age of 30 in 200 metro areas across the U.S.:

“When it comes to housing costs, Gen Z will be spending (on average) $145,000 on rent by their 30th birthday, while Millennials spent $127,000 during the same stage of life (14% more). Notably, Gen Z’s renting costs account for 27% of their income from ages 22 to 29 (which is the same percentage as it was for Millennials) because Gen Z’s wages are higher today.”

In Salt Lake City, the younger generation is set to spend a little more than $150k on rent by the time they reach 30. Still, for those who do purchase a home, they are looking at about $202,585 in costs — that includes mortgage, other fees and insurance but not the down payment, Esther Urmosi, a communication specialist for RentCafe, told Deseret News in an email.

Saving up in Salt Lake

When the daughter’s family, for whom she was a caretaker, offered to give her rent-free housing, Hallie Wilson, 24, couldn’t pass up the opportunity.

“They just own the house next to them and wanted me to save,” Wilson told the Deseret News. “They wanted to give me the opportunity to save for when I want to move out of the state. And since I’m in college, I mean, it’s a perfect situation.”

Wilson explained that before the offer, she lived in Sugar House and paid about $700, which is pretty affordable for Salt Lake. Still, due to the high cost of living, she was barely getting by working 60-hour weeks with two jobs and in her last semester of college.

“A lot of my friends have to pay like $1,200 for a nice place, even with roommates, which is crazy,” she added.

As college costs and student debt reach unprecedented levels, coupled with housing prices outpacing wage increases, the American Dream of owning property is increasingly out of reach for young people.

“For a U.S. homebuyer to spend no more than 30% of their income on monthly payments, they would’ve had to have made at least $109,868 in 2023,” according to Mansion Global . “That’s also a record high, up 8.5% from 2022.”

When asked if she would own property in the future, Wilson stressed that other expenses take precedence, “I don’t know what I’ll be making financially outside of college. But still, considering I want to go to med school, how am I supposed to afford both?

“Who doesn’t want to buy a house? Who doesn’t want a place they can call their own?”

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Why there's a long-standing voter registration gap for Latinos and Asian Americans

Hansi Lo Wang

In a pivotal election year, U.S. democracy continues to face a persistent challenge among the country's electorate — gaps in voter registration rates between white eligible voters and eligible voters of color.

For years, the shares of Black, Asian and Latino citizens age 18 or older signed up to cast ballots have trailed behind that of white adult citizens, according to the Census Bureau's Current Population Survey .

And while the estimated registration rate for Black eligible voters has stayed closer to (and, in 2012, even surpassed) the rate for white eligible voters, the rates for Asian Americans and Latinos — who make up the country's top two fast-growing electorates by race or ethnicity — have remained among the lowest of the racial and ethnic groups in the United States.

Based on national estimates from the last two federal election years, the disparity in registration rates between white and Asian eligible voters is around nine percentage points. Between white and Latino eligible voters, the gap is about 13 percentage points.

Long-standing barriers to voter registration have made it difficult to close these gaps, and dedicated investment is needed to ensure fuller participation in elections and a healthier democracy, many researchers and advocates say.

"This is something that needs to be paid attention to sustainably all the time," says Rodrigo Dominguez-Villegas, director of research at the UCLA Latino Policy & Politics Institute. "It is not something that should be paid attention to only when we are getting close to a presidential election."

Biden officials keep states waiting on expanding Medicaid voter registration

For some, economic needs overshadow political participation.

Many Latino and Asian American eligible voters are naturalized U.S. citizens, and that, Dominguez-Villegas says, can make it more difficult to figure out how to get registered to vote, especially in states that don't offer automatic voter registration or same-day registration .

"They need to learn the ropes of the political system at the same time as they are learning everything else about living in a different country," says Dominguez-Villegas.

Dominguez-Villegas, who co-wrote a report about the lower voter registration rate for Latinos in the 2020 elections, points out that while more states started allowing early in-person and mail voting after the COVID-19 pandemic began, it can be hard for some eligible voters to "prioritize political participation over their day-to-day economic needs" when they're working lower-wage jobs.

"There are some types of jobs that might be preventing people from being able to even take time off work to vote. And so when people know that they're not going to be able to exercise the right to vote, they are a lot less inclined to even register for it," Dominguez-Villegas says.

It's a kind of barrier that Vivian Chang, executive director of the Philadelphia-based advocacy group Asian Americans United, says community organizers have encountered when trying to promote voter registration in and around the city's Chinatown neighborhood.

"A lot of folks are just struggling to survive," Chang says. "Voting is a very separate thing. And honestly, it's a part of an institution that for them is not one that necessarily values them."

Racial disparities in voter turnout have grown since Supreme Court ruling, study says

Asian americans and latinos are less likely to be contacted by campaigns.

Still, low registration rates among Asian Americans and Latinos should not be seen as a sign of low interest in U.S. politics, warns Taeku Lee, a professor of government at Harvard University.

"An old narrative has been, because these groups are predominantly first- and second-generation Americans, that they're more interested in the politics of their home country than they are in the politics of the United States, or they're groups that like to keep their head down and stay out of politics," says Lee, whose research focuses on racial and ethnic politics. "I think they are every bit as invested in what politics can do to them or do for them."

The shortcoming lies in large part with the country's major political parties, Lee argues.

"There's a long-standing view that you don't target precious campaign resources towards groups that you consider to be low-propensity voters. And if a group like Asian Americans are predominantly naturalized citizens and a large group of them are potentially first-time voters, then you're likely to be seen as a low-propensity voter," Lee says.

According to a Pew Research Center survey , Asian Americans and Latinos were among the least likely to say that a political candidate's campaign or a group supporting a candidate contacted them in the run-up to the 2020 general election.

The growing racial gap in U.S. census results is raising an expert panel's concerns

A federal law requires translated voting ballots, but not in Arabic or Haitian Creole

Voting restrictions can disproportionately affect people of color.

In some states, restrictive voter ID requirements that disproportionately affect many eligible voters of color have also put in place systemic barriers to voter registration, Lee points out.

In 2020, Latinos and Asian Americans who were eligible to vote, for example, were more likely than white eligible voters not to have a current driver's license, and Latinos were more than twice as likely as people who identify as white and not Latino not to have any government-issued photo ID that was not expired, according to a report by the University of Maryland's Center for Democracy and Civic Engagement and the voter advocacy group VoteRiders.

"Some of the state-led election reform initiatives, like voter identification laws, are really critical in understanding whether or not the hard-won gains of the Selma, Ala., march in 1965 really continues to be part of our long-standing history of wins and losses in terms of political rights and political freedom," says Lee, referring to the historic civil rights demonstration that galvanized Congress to pass the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

That landmark law led to significant increases in the registration rates for Black eligible voters in the South, while also sparking a surge in voter registration among white eligible voters in some areas, which some researchers interpret as signs of white opponents of the Voting Rights Act counter-mobilizing in response.

"Citizenship rights are not something that you can really simply take for granted or ignore, but they are rights of citizenship that can be expanded or that can be contracted depending on the politics of the day," Lee adds. "And the politics of today is a politics where there are organized forces that are aiming to further contract those rights of citizenship for groups like Latinx and Asian Americans."

"...without our voice, nothing's going to be done"

Wei Chen, left, civic engagement director at Asian Americans United, inserts a sample paper ballot to demonstrate how to use a voting machine at 99 Adult Day Care II, an adult day care center in Philadelphia that supports Chinese speakers. Hansi Lo Wang/NPR hide caption

At the local level, community organizers are trying to boost registration rates with campaigns that include visits to senior centers, supermarket parking lots and outside public assistance offices.

"It takes a long time to change people's minds about how voting is important," says Wei Chen, Asian Americans United's civic engagement director, who recently stopped by an adult day care center about a 10-minute drive north of Philadelphia's Chinatown.

Speaking in the Chinese dialects of Mandarin and Cantonese, Chen demonstrated how to navigate one of the city's voting machines, which — because of a Voting Rights Act requirement — must display touch-screen menus in Chinese and Spanish in addition to English.

"We are fighting for language justice. Providing information and having materials there is not enough," says Chen, who sees language access as a particularly challenging barrier to voter registration for eligible voters with low literacy skills. "We need them to hire people who speak our language."

Less than two hours northwest of Philadelphia, Katherine De Peña has been trying to stop eligible Spanish-speaking voters with a friendly "hola" on the sidewalks of downtown Reading, Pa., home to growing Puerto Rican, Dominican American and Mexican American communities.

With a tablet computer in hand, De Peña, a field organizer in charge of Make The Road Pennsylvania's voter registration program, is ready to make a practiced pitch.

"Most of them say, 'I'm not voting because it doesn't change anything,' " De Peña explains. "And I say, 'OK, but nothing is going to change if you don't do anything. So this is the way you have to do it.' "

Katherine De Peña, left, a field organizer in charge of Make The Road Pennsylvania's voter registration program, and her colleague Mayra Del Toro wait to greet eligible voters in Spanish outside a CTown supermarket in Reading, Pa. Hansi Lo Wang/NPR hide caption

Jose Cruz-Hernandez was sold.

"It's very important that people know to vote because without our voice, nothing's going to be done," Cruz-Hernandez says after De Peña walked him through in Spanish how to register to vote on her tablet while he took a break from rushing to meet his daughter.

Not having enough time to spare was the main reason he hadn't signed up before. "I have to take care of my daughter," Cruz-Hernandez says. "I have to do a lot of things."

Now with his application submitted, De Peña is one voter closer to a higher registration rate for Latinos.

"Don't you worry. We got this like within five, 10 years," De Peña says with a hearty laugh. "Yeah, it takes time."

Edited by Benjamin Swasey

voting stories

Countries for Old Men: An Analysis of the Age Pay Gap

This study investigates the growing wage disparity between older and younger workers in high-income countries. We propose a conceptual framework of the labor market in which firms cannot change the contracts of older employees and cannot freely add higher-ranked positions to their organizations. In this model, a larger supply of older workers and declining economic growth restrict younger workers’ access to higher-paying roles and widen the age pay gap in favor of older workers. Drawing on extensive administrative and survey data, we document that the characteristics of these negative spillovers on younger workers’ careers align with the model’s predictions. As older workers enjoy more successful careers, younger workers become less likely to hold higher-ranked jobs and fall toward the bottom of the wage distribution. The pay gap between younger and older workers increases more in slower-growing, older, and larger firms and in firms with higher mean wages, where these negative spillovers on younger workers are larger in magnitude. Moreover, younger employees become less likely to work for higher-paying firms, whose share of older workers disproportionately increases over time. Finally, we show that alternative explanations for these findings receive little empirical support.

We thank Jaime Arellano-Bover, David Autor, Alexander Bartik, Barbara Biasi, Christian Dustmann, Andrew Garin, Luigi Guiso, Ben Jones, Hyejin Ku, Salvatore Lattanzio, Attila Lindner, Niko Matouschek, Sara Moreira, Paolo Naticchioni, Michael Powell, Raffaele Saggio, Elia Sartori, Uta Schoenberg, Liangjie Wu, as well as participants at various seminars and conferences for helpful comments. We thank Thomas Barden, Sean Chen, Alessandra Grimaldi, Chuqiao Nan, and Georgii Zherebilov for outstanding research assistance. The realization of the present article was possible thanks to the sponsorship of the “VisitINPS Scholars” program. This study uses the Cross-sectional model of the Linked-Employer-Employee Data (LIAB) (Version 2, Years 1993-2017) from the IAB. Data access was provided via on-site use at the Research Data Centre (FDZ) of the German Federal Employment Agency (BA) at the Institute for Employment Research (IAB) in Berlin and subsequently via remote data access (project number: fdz1968/1969). The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research.

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Title: constrained c-test generation via mixed-integer programming.

Abstract: This work proposes a novel method to generate C-Tests; a deviated form of cloze tests (a gap filling exercise) where only the last part of a word is turned into a gap. In contrast to previous works that only consider varying the gap size or gap placement to achieve locally optimal solutions, we propose a mixed-integer programming (MIP) approach. This allows us to consider gap size and placement simultaneously, achieving globally optimal solutions, and to directly integrate state-of-the-art models for gap difficulty prediction into the optimization problem. A user study with 40 participants across four C-Test generation strategies (including GPT-4) shows that our approach (MIP) significantly outperforms two of the baseline strategies (based on gap placement and GPT-4); and performs on-par with the third (based on gap size). Our analysis shows that GPT-4 still struggles to fulfill explicit constraints during generation and that MIP produces C-Tests that correlate best with the perceived difficulty. We publish our code, model, and collected data consisting of 32 English C-Tests with 20 gaps each (totaling 3,200 individual gap responses) under an open source license.

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Generation Gap Essay
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Constrained C-Test Generation via Mixed-Integer Programming
This work proposes a novel method to generate C-Tests; a deviated form of cloze tests (a gap filling exercise) where only the last part of a word is turned into a gap. In contrast to previous works that only consider varying the gap size or gap placement to achieve locally optimal solutions, we propose a mixed-integer programming (MIP) approach. This allows us to consider gap size and ...
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