Write an essay discussing only two points . You should explain which point is more important , giving reasons in support of your answer.
Your class viewed a documentary on the negative effects of global tourism. You have created the following list of areas impacted by tourism: Some of the opinions expressed in a documentary: |
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Home » C1 Advanced » CAE Course » CAE Writing Course » C1 Advanced Essay CAE | 1 Amazing Technique
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What is a C1 Advanced Essay?
A C1 Advanced Essay is a writing task which forms part 1 of the C1 Advanced exam writing paper. There are 2 parts in the CAE writing paper. There is one question in Part 1 and this is always an essay. The aim is to answer this question, writing between 220-260 words.
If you follow the order of information on this page, you will know exactly what you need to do to pass the C1 Advanced essay and get the examiners smiling 🙂
The information follows a specific order, so make sure you don't skip any parts!
Before we continue, I want to tell you about my new e-book of writing samples . It contains 6 essays with my corrections and feedback. You can get it with a free Kindle Unlimited trial in some countries:
In order to prepare for the writing paper effectively, it is best to understand what the examiners look for. If you know how the examiners mark your writing, you are in a better position to get top marks! Watch the video below because it explains the marking criteria in detail:
Here is a video I made which shows you:
You should open the video in a new tab and complete the rest of the page with me at the same time...
In part 1 you are given only one question to answer.
Here is an example essay question from page 33 of the Cambridge English Advanced Handbook for teachers: https://www.cambridgeenglish.org/images/167804-cambridge-english-advanced-handbook.pdf .
Write your answer in 220-260 words and in an appropriate style on the separate answer sheet.
The question tells us to only talk about two of the facilities. That gives us three options:
We also have to explain which is more important, which means we need to develop our points giving reasons to support them.
Let's have a look at some instructions that are given for writing essays in the Cambridge English Advanced Handbook for teachers .
The advice above is important for the Communicative Achievement marking criterion.
It's important to know who your target reader is as this will effect the level of formality or register. We know from the information above that our target reader is likely to be an academic tutor, which means that your writing should be formal.
CAE Essay Tip: sorry this tip is available for higher level members only. Register/upgrade here >>
Okay, so the information above means we need to find the most important issues with regard to a topic and back these up with reasons, extra points and extra ideas if you can think of them.
This will help with the Organisation marking criterion. You should follow a clear structure with a good flow. If the examiner can see that the points are developed in a clear way, you will get higher marks.
"Holding the target reader's attention" is important for the Communicative Achievement criterion. The way to hold their attention is to write in a way which is appropriate for the target reader, while using your Language to express simple and complicated ideas. The way you Organise and structure your essay as a whole and on an individual paragraph level can also help hold the reader's attention.
Personally, I think planning your answer is also really important. I have a plan template which you can complete online here >> or print off here >>
My friend Charles Cornelius, a former IELTS examiner, runs a tutoring website for his IELTS students and he has some really useful tips for essay planning, including his 4 step essay planning approach .
While reading the answer, you should write down any mistakes you find here , along with their corrections.
I'd also like you to read the essay below which is based on the question above and give it a mark from one to five for each of the 4 marking criteria (Content, Communicative Achievement, Organisation and Language). You can use this online template or print this hard copy . Remember 1 is the worst mark and 5 is the best. If you give the content 5 out of 5 for example, write why it is so good.
THINK LIKE AN EXAMINER
If you can think like the examiner then you will get much better marks in the essay. In the words of Faithless, you can 'come 1' 😉 If you're tired, play their song, get up, jump around and then come back and complete the task with the example answer below the Faithless video...
https://www.cambridgeenglish.org/images/167804-cambridge-english-advanced-handbook.pdf
Download the hard copy here or write on the online template .
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Now we're going to look at what the real examiner thought about this essay. I'd like you to compare the examiner's marks with your own marks and see if you had similar ideas or if you had different ideas. I recommend reading the examiner's comments in detail, this will help you know exactly what the examiners are looking for when you're writing your essay. Take as long as you like to do this...
Okay so hopefully you've read the comments above, so now I would like to show you some of the bits which I thought were really important from these comments:
This means the person answered all parts of the question. They have poured the perfect pint 😉
Communicative Achievement
The opening paragraph and conclusion leave no room for doubt that where the money should go. Having a clear structure and argument mean it's easier to follow the writing.
Consistency is key . Remember that 😉
This writing is consistently formal and it is objective, which is important. You should try to be objective and use objective language rather than subject language.
Clear paragraphs help to keep the reader's attention as well. This comes down to flow and organization as well as communicative achievement.
Organisation
There are a lot of different cohesive devices used. Cohesive devices are linking words (moreover, however) and organisational patterns (using parallel structures, 'He thinks x, while she thinks y'. Cohesive devices link different ideas and sentences together.
There is a range of vocabulary which is relevant to the topic. There is also a range of simple and more complex grammatical structures.
All of the above are positive points that you should try to incorporate into your writing. If you are confused by some of the terminology above, it explains most of these words and their meanings in more detail on pages 37 and 38 of the Handbook for Teachers: https://www.cambridgeenglish.org/images/167804-cambridge-english-advanced-handbook.pdf
I highly recommend having a look at my CAE writing samples book as well. I mention all these terminology while critiquing 21 CAE writings. If you read that book you will have a much better understanding of what the examiners want and how to get top marks in the exam.
Get The Book Now >>
When I read through the essay above, I noticed there were some specific mistakes with the language and so I've written these down here. They might be connected with spelling, grammar or whether the phrase is not very easy to understand. Are the mistakes below the same as the ones you identified above? If so, great. If not, it's possible I missed a couple of mistakes, so don't panic.
You should now write down the correct version of the sentences below. You can write your corrections on this worksheet .
People have lost the interest in visiting...
Moreover, the young men should be aware...
history museums provide people very interesting informations.
It can be organised events like...
there can be built spaces for kids to play
investment from local authority are...
Hopefully you've done the tasks above. Now have a look at my corrections below and see if you have the same corrections as mine...it's possible there may be more than one correct answer, so feel free to contact me if you want to check...but BE SPECIFIC in your email!
'People have lost interest in visiting'.. . (‘people have lost interest’ not ‘people have lost THE interest’).
'Moreover, young men should be aware... ' ( Not ‘the’ young men just young men in general without ‘the’).
‘history museums provide people WITH very interesting information’ (we always say to provide someone WITH something and information is uncountable so it shouldn't be ‘informations’ just ‘information’).
events like this can be organised... (I would say the subject first. ‘Events can be organised’).
‘spaces for kids to play can be built’. (Again the subject should be at the beginning of a sentence. ‘Spaces’ and ‘events’ at the beginning of the sentence and then say what you can do with these things).
' investment from local authorities are... ' ( it's probably more than 1 local authority and even if it is just one you would need to use an article ‘a/the’ before ‘local authority’).
There are 6 sample essays with corrections and critique in my new book...take a look >>
Here is another example essay question:
You must answer this question. Write your answer in 220-260 words in an appropriate style.
Your university has attended a conference titled ‘the greatest advantages of the internet for people in their everyday lives’. You have made the notes below:
Advantages of the internet in everyday life -communication -accessibility -retail
Write an essay for your lecturer discussing two of the points. You should explain which point you think is the greatest for people and provide reasons in support of your opinion.
Read the essay below and write down any mistakes you find in the appropriate fields of this document .
Then mark the essay from one to five for each of the 4 marking criteria on the template below. 1 is the worst mark and 5 is the best.
You should also say why you gave it your score 1-5.
Download here or fill in the online version here .
Make sure you have completed the examiners template with your own thoughts before continuing with this page.
Once you have completed the template above, you should read my notes below and compare my feedback with yours. When you become proficient at this skill and when your thoughts resemble mine for all CAE writing samples you read, you will have a good idea what the examiners are looking for in the CAE writing paper and this will DRASTICALLY improve your marks in this part of the exam.
Compare my mistakes, marks, comments and improvements below with yours...
Sorry, the content below is for members only. Register here >>
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| 3 | This is a very well written essay. You could address the question a bit more closely during the body of the essay. Stating more explicitly why improved communication is a good thing, or why your points about accessibility are not as important as your points about communication. You could then re-iterate this main idea in the conclusion. |
| 4 | Your points are communicated in a clear manner and they are easy to understand. |
| 4 | You have organised your essay well. It has a clear introduction and conclusion with well balanced paragraphs in the body of the essay. |
| 3 | You have used a variety of simple and complex vocabulary and grammatical structures to good effect. For example: ‘not only...but also…’ The language is slightly informal for an essay at times, e.g. ‘keep in touch’. |
Pass or Fail
Content - 3 Communicative Achievement - 4 Organisation - 4 Language - 3
Total: 14/20
If you got the same marks for part 2 you would get 28/40. This would be a pass in the exam as the pass mark is 24/40. Well done!
Remember, there are 6 essays and 15 other writing samples with feedback etc. in my new book >>
There are some more useful tips for the CAE essay on this website.
I. question.
Here is a question which one of my students submitted via my CAE writing assessment service . It has come from the ' Ready for Advanced ' coursebook (written by my friend Roy):
Read the essay answer below and note down any mistakes you find in this document .
Write a mark with a comment for each of the marking criteria on this document .
If you have written your mistakes here and completed the assessment scale , then you should compare your notes with mine...
"It goes without saying that the urban environment is a vitally important part of every city (Good first sentence - using a less common expression) . Councillors often do everything they can to sustain (We don’t normally say ‘sustain’ + noun + adjective. You can say ‘sustain this diverse system in a clean way ’, or you could simply replace the word ‘sustain’ with the word ‘keep’) this diverse system clean but not messy (‘messy’ is a slightly informal/colloquial word) . The majority of people do es n't (‘people’ is plural so say ‘people don’t...’) care about the environment at all. Although, throwing away (‘throwing away’ can have the same meaning as ‘throwing in the rubbish bin’ so it would be better to rephrase this) things such as plastic bottles instead of putting them into a rubbish bin has a detrimental effect on the whole eco-system. If we were more considerate of the urban environment, we would be able to achieve amazing results in terms of reducing pollution. What would be the most effective method to ensure this?
First of all (‘Firstly’ is better to use here as it is more formal) , I have to mention the (don’t put ‘the’ unless you specifically mention which ‘legislation’ you are referring to) legislation. It could be said that if we put forward ‘and enforce’ (‘put forward’ is only to suggest or propose) tougher laws, we would achieve amazing results. As far as I am concerned, I am not fully convinced about that. (Could you write the previous sentences without using first person pronouns (‘I have to…’ ‘I am...’). According to a recent study, implementing tougher laws can result in disrespect for the local council. Moreover, it can lead to rebellion.
Another way of tackling the problem would be to focus on public services such as the underground, buses, hospitals etc. (don’t write ‘etc.’ in formal writing). If the government put a huge amount of money into funding new electric buses, it (‘this initiative’) would contribute to the decrease in air pollution and noise.
To sum up, I think the advantages of the second solution weight up ‘outweigh’ those which are mentioned in the first one. From my point of view, if we want to sustain ‘keep’ the urban environment clean, we should embark on the refurbishment of public services."
Sorry, the critique below is for higher level members only. Register/upgrade here >>
I have awarded the essay the following marks:
Content - 3 Communicative Achievement - 2 Organisation - 3 Language - 3
Total: 11/20
You need a minimum of 24 out of 40 possible marks to pass the CAE writing paper. Remember, there are 2 different writings to complete, so you need to average 12 out of 20 for each writing task. If this student got 13 out of 20 for their part 2 writing, they would pass the Writing paper at a C1 level. Remember, you do not need to pass every exam paper in order to pass the C1 Advanced (CAE) exam and get a certificate, you just need to average 60% across all 5 exam sections.
If you want to find out more about what marks you need in order to pass the exam, have a look at my CAE exam page >>
I really recommend having a look at my new book >> it will definitely help you improve your writing exam score!
Instructions.
Here is the same question that we looked at in example 1 above:
https://www.cambridgeenglish.org/Images/167804-cambridge-english-advanced-handbook.pdf
Download here >>
Sorry, the content below is available for higher level members only. Register/upgrade here to access now >>
Sorry, this section is available for higher level members only. Register or upgrade here >>
Sorry, this section is available to higher level members only. Register/upgrade here >>
I created a book recently with loads of sample writings that students have sent me. I think this is the best body of work I have produced:
If you do not want to access the book, I also have a few more essay samples on my CAE essay examples page here .
When I have time I critique them according to the examiners assessment scale and sometimes turn them into a video for my YouTube channel .
If you have a CAE/FCE writing task you would like me to consider marking and critiquing in a future article, you should complete the form on this Cambridge writing exam page .
You can check out some other CAE writings which students have sent to me, along with my feedback in my new book .
Are you a teacher?
Why not use my resources to help your students either in class or as homework exercises.
Do you and/or your students use computers in lessons?
If you or your students don't have computers, follow these instructions:
For homework, you should write your own answer to the essay question above or you could write an answer to the essay question on this page . If you write your essay on computer you can submit it via my CAE writing assessment service and if I have time I will put your essay on my website with some of my feedback and my marks. You can also pay to have your writing marked within 7 days. Again, you can find loads more past writings students have sent me in my new book .
Finally, you should read the Cambridge English Advanced handbook for teachers because there is loads of really useful information in there. I really recommend reading the whole handbook before going into the exam because it will really help you to prepare.
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By Russell Whitehead and Jo Kent
This lesson aims to help students prepare for the essay section of the Advanced Writing paper.
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Only registered users can comment on this article., more from cambridge: c1 advanced (cae).
Practice tests for all aspects of the Cambridge English: Advanced exam
This lesson aims to help students prepare for part 3 of the Advanced Reading and Use of English paper.
This lesson aims to help students prepare for part 2 of the Advanced Reading and Use of English paper.
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Published on July 24, 2020 by Jack Caulfield . Revised on July 23, 2023.
An argumentative essay expresses an extended argument for a particular thesis statement . The author takes a clearly defined stance on their subject and builds up an evidence-based case for it.
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When do you write an argumentative essay, approaches to argumentative essays, introducing your argument, the body: developing your argument, concluding your argument, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about argumentative essays.
You might be assigned an argumentative essay as a writing exercise in high school or in a composition class. The prompt will often ask you to argue for one of two positions, and may include terms like “argue” or “argument.” It will frequently take the form of a question.
The prompt may also be more open-ended in terms of the possible arguments you could make.
At university, the vast majority of essays or papers you write will involve some form of argumentation. For example, both rhetorical analysis and literary analysis essays involve making arguments about texts.
In this context, you won’t necessarily be told to write an argumentative essay—but making an evidence-based argument is an essential goal of most academic writing, and this should be your default approach unless you’re told otherwise.
At a university level, all the prompts below imply an argumentative essay as the appropriate response.
Your research should lead you to develop a specific position on the topic. The essay then argues for that position and aims to convince the reader by presenting your evidence, evaluation and analysis.
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An argumentative essay should be objective in its approach; your arguments should rely on logic and evidence, not on exaggeration or appeals to emotion.
There are many possible approaches to argumentative essays, but there are two common models that can help you start outlining your arguments: The Toulmin model and the Rogerian model.
The Toulmin model consists of four steps, which may be repeated as many times as necessary for the argument:
The Toulmin model is a common approach in academic essays. You don’t have to use these specific terms (grounds, warrants, rebuttals), but establishing a clear connection between your claims and the evidence supporting them is crucial in an argumentative essay.
Say you’re making an argument about the effectiveness of workplace anti-discrimination measures. You might:
The Rogerian model also consists of four steps you might repeat throughout your essay:
This model builds up a clear picture of both sides of an argument and seeks a compromise. It is particularly useful when people tend to disagree strongly on the issue discussed, allowing you to approach opposing arguments in good faith.
Say you want to argue that the internet has had a positive impact on education. You might:
You don’t necessarily have to pick one of these models—you may even use elements of both in different parts of your essay—but it’s worth considering them if you struggle to structure your arguments.
Regardless of which approach you take, your essay should always be structured using an introduction , a body , and a conclusion .
Like other academic essays, an argumentative essay begins with an introduction . The introduction serves to capture the reader’s interest, provide background information, present your thesis statement , and (in longer essays) to summarize the structure of the body.
Hover over different parts of the example below to see how a typical introduction works.
The spread of the internet has had a world-changing effect, not least on the world of education. The use of the internet in academic contexts is on the rise, and its role in learning is hotly debated. For many teachers who did not grow up with this technology, its effects seem alarming and potentially harmful. This concern, while understandable, is misguided. The negatives of internet use are outweighed by its critical benefits for students and educators—as a uniquely comprehensive and accessible information source; a means of exposure to and engagement with different perspectives; and a highly flexible learning environment.
The body of an argumentative essay is where you develop your arguments in detail. Here you’ll present evidence, analysis, and reasoning to convince the reader that your thesis statement is true.
In the standard five-paragraph format for short essays, the body takes up three of your five paragraphs. In longer essays, it will be more paragraphs, and might be divided into sections with headings.
Each paragraph covers its own topic, introduced with a topic sentence . Each of these topics must contribute to your overall argument; don’t include irrelevant information.
This example paragraph takes a Rogerian approach: It first acknowledges the merits of the opposing position and then highlights problems with that position.
Hover over different parts of the example to see how a body paragraph is constructed.
A common frustration for teachers is students’ use of Wikipedia as a source in their writing. Its prevalence among students is not exaggerated; a survey found that the vast majority of the students surveyed used Wikipedia (Head & Eisenberg, 2010). An article in The Guardian stresses a common objection to its use: “a reliance on Wikipedia can discourage students from engaging with genuine academic writing” (Coomer, 2013). Teachers are clearly not mistaken in viewing Wikipedia usage as ubiquitous among their students; but the claim that it discourages engagement with academic sources requires further investigation. This point is treated as self-evident by many teachers, but Wikipedia itself explicitly encourages students to look into other sources. Its articles often provide references to academic publications and include warning notes where citations are missing; the site’s own guidelines for research make clear that it should be used as a starting point, emphasizing that users should always “read the references and check whether they really do support what the article says” (“Wikipedia:Researching with Wikipedia,” 2020). Indeed, for many students, Wikipedia is their first encounter with the concepts of citation and referencing. The use of Wikipedia therefore has a positive side that merits deeper consideration than it often receives.
An argumentative essay ends with a conclusion that summarizes and reflects on the arguments made in the body.
No new arguments or evidence appear here, but in longer essays you may discuss the strengths and weaknesses of your argument and suggest topics for future research. In all conclusions, you should stress the relevance and importance of your argument.
Hover over the following example to see the typical elements of a conclusion.
The internet has had a major positive impact on the world of education; occasional pitfalls aside, its value is evident in numerous applications. The future of teaching lies in the possibilities the internet opens up for communication, research, and interactivity. As the popularity of distance learning shows, students value the flexibility and accessibility offered by digital education, and educators should fully embrace these advantages. The internet’s dangers, real and imaginary, have been documented exhaustively by skeptics, but the internet is here to stay; it is time to focus seriously on its potential for good.
If you want to know more about AI tools , college essays , or fallacies make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!
College essays
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An argumentative essay tends to be a longer essay involving independent research, and aims to make an original argument about a topic. Its thesis statement makes a contentious claim that must be supported in an objective, evidence-based way.
An expository essay also aims to be objective, but it doesn’t have to make an original argument. Rather, it aims to explain something (e.g., a process or idea) in a clear, concise way. Expository essays are often shorter assignments and rely less on research.
At college level, you must properly cite your sources in all essays , research papers , and other academic texts (except exams and in-class exercises).
Add a citation whenever you quote , paraphrase , or summarize information or ideas from a source. You should also give full source details in a bibliography or reference list at the end of your text.
The exact format of your citations depends on which citation style you are instructed to use. The most common styles are APA , MLA , and Chicago .
The majority of the essays written at university are some sort of argumentative essay . Unless otherwise specified, you can assume that the goal of any essay you’re asked to write is argumentative: To convince the reader of your position using evidence and reasoning.
In composition classes you might be given assignments that specifically test your ability to write an argumentative essay. Look out for prompts including instructions like “argue,” “assess,” or “discuss” to see if this is the goal.
If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator.
Caulfield, J. (2023, July 23). How to Write an Argumentative Essay | Examples & Tips. Scribbr. Retrieved August 29, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/academic-essay/argumentative-essay/
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COMMENTS
C1 Grasslawn Lodging, LLC v. Transwest Resort Props. Inc. ... Salas's argument hinges on the ... time period, and points to an essay from the 1900s, when the islands were under German rule, noting the occurrence of cockfighting to be an activity from "Spanish times ." Such evidence, however, does not resolve
The C1 Advanced Writing exam has two writing parts, which you must complete in 90 minutes. Both parts have a word limit of between 220-260 words. We recommend getting lots of writing practice under these conditions! Part 1 is always a discursive essay. It requires you to think about arguments for and against a topic.
The candidate links these two aspects throughout the essay, and this linking is effective in communicating more complex ideas which relate to both facilities. A consistent register is used, and the overall tone is suitably persuasive and objective. Organisation: 4: The text is well organised and coherent.
and write a coherent and cohesive essay. 1. Make a paragraph plan in your notebook using your ideas from Step 1 and the suggestions below. Introduction Essay title: The impact of [your topic] on society today. Reflect on the essay title and the topic . Briefly describe the topic you have chosen to write about
C1 Advanced (CAE) Essay: Writing Structure. 1. Introduction. Present and develop the essay question in your introduction. 2. Main content: Paragraphs 1-2. Describe the first point/argument from the notes (most important) Describe the second point/argument from the notes. 3.
Learn how to write a CAE essay.Want to see the slideshow I used? It's here: https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1wiqmSghmuXPurjlFuhgroPXii2IhQ6A2WiXzToShh...
C1 Advanced Essay (CAE) Examples. December 16, 2019. This is a collection of CAE (Cambridge C1) essays written by my students, with my thoughts about them. There's also a video I made of me writing an essay. If you want CAE writing tips, there are lots in the writing section of this site. Special pandemic offer: For a limited time I am giving ...
C1 Advanced (CAE) Essay: Download (PDF) An essay is the first part of the C1 advanced writing and it is obligatory. You need to answer the question with between 220-260 words. In the text, you need to analyse a question using different points of view. It is a semi-formal/formal text and should be impartial until the conclusion.
A CAE essay is an obligatory task in the C1 Advanced (CAE) Cambridge English exam. There are 4 CAE exam papers: Speaking, Listening, Reading & Use of English and Writing. The CAE essay forms part 1 of the 2 part writing paper. Students need to answer a question and write between 220-260 words. On the rest of this page I have put some CAE essay ...
The Cambridge C1 Advanced (CAE) essay is a formal, academic writing. You'll find it in Part 1 of the CAE writing exam and, just like at other levels, Part 1 is mandatory. That means whether you like it or not, you'll be writing an essay for your C1 Cambridge exam. Considering that, it's probably a good idea to practise.
As it is a supporting and argumentative text, you cannot write unconnected sentences and paragraphs; the ideas must follow a logical and well-connected order, using connectors appropriate to C1 level, in this case. ... At first glance, we can see that this Essay for C1 has an introductory title and 4 paragraphs (introduction, museums, sports ...
In this advanced English lesson, you will learn to write essays in English like a pro. I'll give you 15 important phrases you can use in your essays in Engli...
Click here for C1 essay examples. If you don't want to watch the video, here's the brief version! Writing a CAE Essay Basics. You must write an essay. (In part 2 you get a choice, but the essay is always mandatory.) You have about 45 minutes. The tasks always look the same. Don't 'lift' too much from the question - use your own words ...
Discursive writing means that you may be required to either: • present and defend an argument • express and then justify an opinion • explain a problem and suggest a solution • evaluate ideas and make recommendations You are asked to write about 250 words for a maximum of 12 points.The theme of the essay is directly related to the synthesis document.
If you're having trouble writing a PROS & CONS essay, then this video is for you! In this video, I'm going to share with you an example C1 level PROS & CONS ...
An essay . A teacher : An essay should present an argument and give reasons for this. Paragraphing, using linkers and good opening and closing paragraphs are essential. A review : Usually the reader of a magazine . There should be a good description of the event etc. and the writer's personal opinion should be clear. There should also be a
Write an essay discussing only two points. You should explain which point is more important, giving reasons in support of your answer. Improve your writing skills with CAE C1 Advanced level writing practice. Enhance your proficiency in formal English essay writing.
A C1 Advanced Essay is a writing task which forms part 1 of the C1 Advanced exam writing paper. There are 2 parts in the CAE writing paper. There is one question in Part 1 and this is always an essay. The aim is to answer this question, writing between 220-260 words. If you follow the order of information on this page, you will know exactly ...
Click link to download and view these files. Cambridge English Advanced: Writing Part 1 - Essay: Lesson plan. PDF, Size 0.35 mb. 1-to-1. Adults. British English. Cambridge: C1 Advanced (CAE) Lesson Plan / Teacher's Notes. Teaching Notes.
Make a claim. Provide the grounds (evidence) for the claim. Explain the warrant (how the grounds support the claim) Discuss possible rebuttals to the claim, identifying the limits of the argument and showing that you have considered alternative perspectives. The Toulmin model is a common approach in academic essays.