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Nature Speech | Speech on Nature for Students and Children in English

February 8, 2024 by Prasanna

Nature Speech: We rely on our environmental factors for our everyday exercises. Each living and non-living thing around us has a few advantages for everybody and fill for some particular needs. Every one of these things together makes ‘Nature.’ The physical and mundane world around us that isn’t made by a human is Nature. Nature incorporates woods, slope, waterways, seas, deserts, climate, and so forth. Nature is past humans existing much before the presence of a human. Nature gives us assets like water, air, food to satisfy our requirements and wants.

Students can also find more English Speech Writing about Welcome Speeches, Farewell Speeches, etc.

Long and Short Speeches on Nature for Students and Kids in English

We are providing a long Nature Speech having 500 words and a short Nature speech of 150 words along with ten lines about the same topic to help readers.

These speeches will prove to be useful for school going students as well as college students. They can refer to this anytime to boost their marks.

Long Speech on Nature 500 Words in English

Long Speech on Nature is usually given to classes 7, 8, 9, and 10.

Good morning everyone, I thank the crowd for giving me the chance to introduce a short discourse on Nature.

Nature alludes to the natural world. The whole earth comprising of water assets, soils, air, mountains, creatures, plants, and people, establishes Nature. Earth is the main known planet that bolsters life and has Nature for effective endurance. Environment, atmosphere, and climate go under Nature and are basic for us. Nature has an environment comprising of biotic and abiotic segments. All the biotic and abiotic segments are integral and a piece of Nature. Indeed, even all the organisms and creepy crawlies are a significant piece of Nature. Life on the earth is conceivable simply because of the presence of Nature here.

Nature additionally alludes to the wonders that aren’t changed by human exercises or those that exist even with human intercession. Common Ecosystem comprises of living and non-living characteristic components of the earth that is mutually dependent on one another. Air is the layer of gases that encompasses the earth. The gases that structure the air incorporates nitrogen, oxygen, water fume, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and different gases. The ozone layer secures the common habitat by draining the bright (UV) beams that arrive at the earth. Seas are made of saltwater. They spread almost 71 percent of the natural earth’s surface. An enormous number of marine exist together inside the sea biological system.

Regular new water assets incorporate streams, lakes, and lakes. Lakes are bigger than lakes and are, for the most part, taken care of with waterways. Streams are characteristic wellsprings of freshwater. The greater part of the waterways begin from mountains and stream towards the sea. As per the regular climatic changes, the climate fluctuation is caused because the world’s hub is inclined. These changes are called seasons. The climate is cold throughout the winter season, and it is blistering throughout the late spring.

Individuals are a little piece of the natural world. People have been utilizing advances to make their life simpler. They misuse natural assets and cause deforestation, contamination, an unnatural weather change, environmental change, oil slicks, and ozone layer exhaustion. The unique marine biological system is under danger because of oil slicks and contamination. Ozone layer exhaustion is presenting the earth to the risky bright beams. The world’s normal temperature is ceaselessly rising, and the atmosphere isn’t following the regular examples. A large segment of woodlands has been cleared for making the space for horticulture. Each compound of Nature assumes a major job in a human’s presence. Be that as it may, as improvement is occurring, we are hurting our natural resources. For little benefit, we are surrendering a major piece of Nature.

In this way, I might want to wind up my speech with a solicitation that we should think about our condition. We should make an effort not to destroy it by decreasing the utilization of plastic, planting more trees, not squandering papers, supportable turn of events, and so forth.

Thank you for giving your valuable time.

Short Speech on Nature 150 Words in English

Short Speech on Nature 150 Words is usually given to classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.

Good morning everyone.

I am standing before you to talk about my topic, Nature. We human beings depend on Nature every time for everything like natural resources. Many people admire the beauty of Nature. Even they write many novels and poems on it because the beauty of Nature cannot be expressed in one single thought or saying. Nature provides the humans, animals, and all the living beings on the earth a place to live. Nature is the world around, as I said before, only, but human beings are destroying it by using its resources in the wrong way and exploiting it. Nature is now totally getting destroyed because of pollution and global warming.

Nature is a good place to be peacefully, but we humans destroy it for our livelihood for our living place and food and needs. Nature would be good only when human beings don’t destroy it and take care of it very well.

Thanks for giving me your time.

10 Lines on Nature Speech in English

The environmental factors we live in, the common assets or food we expend all, are portions of Nature.
Nature gives a practical situation and important assets for endurance like air, water, soil, and so on.
Nature assists with thriving the biological system and biodiversity of our planet by giving all the essential assets.
Trees, plants, and backwoods are the essential pieces of Nature that give oxygen.
The trilling of flying creatures, the humming of bugs, and stirring of leaves are the hints of Nature that loosen up our brain and quiet our spirit.
Nature is the principle wellspring of food, be it dairy, grains, organic products, or nuts, all originate from Mother Nature.
The garments we wear to cover our body and get spared from extreme climate conditions additionally originate from Nature.
Water is one of the necessities for all the known types of life, and Nature has given it in a colossal add up to us.
The childishness and covetousness of man have made Nature helpless against the expanding contamination.
The furious reaction of Nature in the previous hardly any years has caused us to understand that if we don’t stop the decimation of Nature, it will bring up human endurance.

FAQ’s on Nature Speech

Question 1. What is Nature in straightforward words?

Answer: The words Nature and characteristic are utilized for all the things that are ordinarily not made by people. Things like climate, life forms, landforms, heavenly bodies, and considerably more are parts of Nature. Researchers study how the pieces of nature work. People frequently observe Nature as natural assets.

Question 2. What is nature lover called?

Answer: A single word for “nature lover” is “Thoreauvian,” gotten from American savant and naturalist Henry David Thoreau.

Question 3. How might you depict Nature in photography?

Answer: Nature photography is a wide scope of photography taken outside and gave to showing common components, for example, scenes, untamed life, plants, and close-ups of characteristic scenes and surfaces.

Question 4. What are the benefits of Nature?

Answer: Stress decrease is one of the most notable advantages of being in Nature. Getting outside, or in any event, seeing scenes of Nature lessens outrage, dread, and stress and increments lovely sentiments. Subsequently, it might likewise help diminish circulatory strain, pulse, muscle pressure, and the creation of stress hormones.

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Speech About Nature

Nature is the place we live in. All humans, including me, rely on Nature constantly for everything. Because We cannot adequately express Nature's beauty in a single word or phrase, many people admire it and even compose books and poetry about it.

10 Line Speech About Nature

Nature comprises both the biotic and abiotic elements of our natural surroundings. It gives us access to trees, water, and air, all of which are necessary for survival.

The chirping of insects, the humming of bugs, and the rustling of leaves are signs of nature that calm our spirits and free our minds.

Food comes primarily from nature; whether it's dairy, cereals, organic goods, or nuts, they're all products of mother nature.

Nature is also the source of our clothing to protect our bodies from harsh weather conditions.

Toxic pesticides should not be used to safeguard our plants, and we should promote adopting natural solutions and other eco-friendly instruments instead.

The health of the community in which a person lives directly impacts that person's welfare.

Nature is teeming with renewable and non-renewable resources vital to human existence.

We can avoid needless emissions of hazardous gases from our vehicles by travelling a small distance on bicycles and protecting the environment.

Nature has a great deal of value and meaning in human life. We require pure water, clean air, and the earth to protect our lives. Human life is solely dependent on nature.

We now see that if we don't halt the destruction of nature, it will test human endurance due to nature's violent response during the past few years.

Short Speech About Nature

Long speech about nature.

As I walk across the earth,

thousands of things I get to see.

Birds fly high, soaring higher,

and on the flowers, I hear the buzz of bees.

-Shweta Banerjee

Nature is one of the incredible blessings that the world has to offer. Nature is made up of things like the beautiful sound of birds singing, the changing seasons, the blessed morning and evening, the light from rivers, thunderstorms, floods, glaciers, mountains, and other things. In reality, humans will never be able to comprehend the variety and blessings of nature fully.

Unfortunately, Nature has suffered a great deal of damage at the hands of humankind. Over the past hundred years or more, humanity has damaged and destroyed Nature in various ways. The development of industrial and modern society has had a negative impact on the rhythm and flow of nature.

Beautiful forests have been destroyed, rivers have been polluted, and factories and structures have consumed huge open fields due to destruction and cruelty. We put Nature through difficulties by engaging in practices like killing animals, felling trees, producing poisonous gases, and polluting rivers. In addition to harming the environment, manufacturers' releases of toxic gases into the air and chemicals into the water impact aquatic life and its natural resources. For the sake of society's advancement, cutting down trees and flattening mountains only adds fuel to the fire.

Henry David Thoreau rightly quoted, "Heaven is under our feet as well as over our heads". It's time for us to realise that we must leave the world in the same condition that we found it in for the future generation.

Nature is the mother of everyone, as it assists our ability to maintain life. Despite the significance of nature in human life, we are merely disturbing its balance because of our greed. When human knowledge was inferior to that of animals millions of years ago. The man at that period relied only on nature for all of his needs. Even now, at the height of knowledge, only nature can satisfy our needs. Everything we need comes from Nature.

Pleasant morning, with lovely bird humming and cloudy skies; nature is extraordinary in its way. The three essential elements of life, air, water, and land, come from nature. Nature offers a place to live with the joy of natural resources for all living things on earth, including humans, animals, and other species.

Gift Of God- Nature

We have the power to use Nature wisely so that everyone receives what they deserve. We must preserve this God-gifted natural beauty for the sake of future generations. The purest path to inner peace is found in Nature. Everything we use comes from Nature, including furniture, clothing, and devices. Even the paper we use daily to write on is a creation of Nature. We all depend on Nature in some way to meet our requirements. Given to us as a gift, Nature safeguards the many billions of living things on earth. It provides us with trees, which are the lungs of the planet.

But things are now changing. Polar ice caps are melting, the water level is rising, the ozone layer is depleting, the temperatures are rising, and so on. People throughout the world will blame the problem on the use of fossil fuels, pollution, deforestation, etc. There is no doubt that technology is advancing for humanity. We benefit significantly from inventions but also pay the price for them.

Our planet is undergoing numerous damaging actions, causing the river sources to dry up, flora to die, and species to exhaust. Global warming is currently the most significant issue the planet is facing.

Even while governments are using various strategies to protect the environment, people must also step up and do their part. Everyone must plant trees, limit paper use, and stop wasting water and electricity. Not only that, but we also need to stop practices like hunting animals. Additionally, we must implement rainwater harvesting systems. If each of us makes a small contribution, the difference for Nature will be huge. Every living thing is crucial to the preservation of Nature.

Story Of Sunderlal Bahuguna

One of the oldest environmentalists still alive, Sunderlal Bahuguna, is 92 years old. He is a follower of Mahatma Gandhi's Satyagraha and Non-violence philosophies and was the founder of the well-known Chipko movement. He is a true superhero who has dedicated his entire life to defending the Himalayan woods. In the 1970s, he initially belonged to the Chipko movement. Later, he participated in the 1980s-era Anti-Tehri Dam agitation, which concluded in early 2004. On January 26, 2009, he received the Padma Vibhushan, the second-highest civilian honour in India.

At the same time, we are doing nothing to make up for the loss. Friends, allow me to be honest with you. The environment is in danger. Believe it or not, future generations will not be able to live in our world. We have been wasting Nature and its abundance for our material gain without realising that its destruction would end human existence.

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Speech about Nature [Short & Long]

1 1st Speech about Nature (20 min Speech)
2 2nd Speech about Nature (20 min Speech)
3 3rd Speech about Nature (15 min Speech)
4 4th Speech about Nature (10 min Speech)
5 5th Speech about Nature (5 min Speech)
6.1 What is a speech about nature?
6.2 What are some topics that can be covered in a speech about nature?
6.3 What is the purpose of a speech about nature?
6.4 What are some tips for delivering an effective speech about nature?
6.5 How can I prepare for a speech about nature?

Looking for a powerful speech about nature that inspires and educates? Edukar has a collect of 5 Best speeches about nature that describes the importance of preserving our environment, highlighting the beauty and majesty of the natural world. Whether you’re an environmental activist, teacher, or simply a nature enthusiast, our speech is the perfect resource to help you articulate your message and make a positive impact on the world.

Nature is a vast and beautiful creation of God that has been a source of inspiration for countless generations. It is the foundation of life on Earth, and its bounties provide sustenance and shelter for all living beings. A speech about nature is an opportunity to raise awareness about the importance of preserving our natural world and to celebrate its wonders.

In this blog, we have provided 5 speech about nature that cover various various topics and ideas, including the benefits of conservation, the beauty and diversity of wildlife, the impact of human activities on the environment, and the need for sustainable development.

1st Speech about Nature (20 min Speech)

Ladies and gentlemen,

Today, I would like to talk about something that is very close to our hearts – nature. Nature is all around us, from the trees and the birds to the oceans and the mountains. It is the source of life and beauty, and it is something that we should cherish and protect.

Unfortunately, in today’s world, we often take nature for granted. We destroy forests to make way for housing and agriculture, we pollute the air and water with our factories and cars, and we contribute to climate change with our consumption habits. We are slowly but surely destroying the very thing that sustains us.

So what can we do to protect nature? The first step is to recognize its value. Nature provides us with clean air to breathe, clean water to drink, and food to eat. It also provides us with a sense of peace and tranquility that we cannot find anywhere else. By recognizing its value, we can begin to appreciate it and take steps to protect it.

The second step is to educate ourselves and others about the importance of nature. We need to understand how our actions affect the environment and what we can do to minimize our impact. We can learn about conservation efforts and support organizations that work to protect endangered species and ecosystems.

The third step is to take action. We can make small changes in our daily lives that can have a big impact. We can reduce our energy consumption by turning off lights and unplugging electronics when they are not in use. We can use public transportation or carpool instead of driving alone. We can recycle and compost our waste. We can also support companies that have environmentally-friendly practices.

The fourth step is to advocate for change. We can write to our elected officials and encourage them to pass laws that protect the environment. We can also vote with our wallets by supporting companies that have sustainable practices and avoiding those that do not.

Finally, we can appreciate nature. We can spend time outdoors, whether it is hiking in the mountains, swimming in the ocean, or simply sitting in a park. We can take in the beauty of the natural world and feel grateful for all that it provides.

In the end, nature is a precious gift that we must protect. By recognizing its value, educating ourselves and others, taking action, advocating for change, and appreciating its beauty, we can ensure that it will continue to sustain us for generations to come. Let us all do our part to protect and preserve nature. Thank you.

2nd Speech about Nature (20 min Speech)

Dear friends,

It is a great pleasure for me to talk about nature, one of the most beautiful creations of our universe. Nature is an intricate and complex web of life that includes all living beings and their environment. From the tiniest insect to the tallest tree, every aspect of nature is worth marveling at.

Nature is essential for the survival of all living beings on this planet. It provides us with the air we breathe, the food we eat, and the water we drink. It is the foundation of our existence and a source of inspiration for our creativity and imagination.

Nature has always been an integral part of human history, culture, and traditions. It has been a source of awe, wonder, and reverence for all civilizations. From ancient cultures that worshipped the sun and the moon to modern-day environmentalists who work tirelessly to protect our planet, nature has always played a vital role in shaping our lives.

The beauty of nature is unimaginable. It can be seen in the majestic mountains that rise high into the sky, the roaring oceans that stretch out endlessly, and the lush green forests that teem with life. Each season brings with it a unique and breathtaking landscape that is a testament to the natural beauty of our planet.

But nature is not just about its aesthetics. It is also about the intricate balance of life that exists within it. Each living being plays a crucial role in maintaining this balance. From the smallest microorganisms to the largest mammals, every living being has a purpose and a function that contributes to the ecosystem.

However, despite its immense importance, nature is under threat. Climate change, deforestation, pollution, and other human activities are putting immense pressure on our planet. We are witnessing the extinction of countless species, the destruction of entire ecosystems, and the degradation of our environment.

But it is not too late to act. We can all make a difference in protecting and preserving nature. We can reduce our carbon footprint, plant trees, reduce waste, and recycle. We can support conservation efforts, engage in sustainable practices, and advocate for policies that protect our planet.

In conclusion, nature is a gift that we must cherish and protect. It is the foundation of our existence, a source of inspiration, and a testament to the beauty and wonder of our universe. Let us all work together to preserve and protect it for generations to come.

3rd Speech about Nature (15 min Speech)

It is an honor to stand before you today and speak about one of the most beautiful things that exist in our world – nature.

Nature is a powerful force that has the ability to amaze, inspire and heal us. It is the air we breathe, the water we drink and the ground we walk on. It is the plants, animals and insects that inhabit our planet. It is the mountains, the oceans and the vast blue skies that surround us. It is a reminder that there is something greater than ourselves.

We are all connected to nature, whether we realize it or not. Every time we step outside, we are greeted by a world full of wonder and beauty. We see the colors of the flowers and the leaves, hear the birds singing and feel the sun on our skin. We are reminded of the beauty that exists in our world, and we feel a sense of peace and calm.

But nature is more than just a pretty sight. It has the power to heal us in ways that medicine cannot. Research has shown that spending time in nature can reduce stress and anxiety, improve our mood and even boost our immune system. In fact, nature is so important for our well-being that some doctors are now prescribing time in nature as a treatment for a variety of health problems.

Unfortunately, in today’s world, we have become disconnected from nature. We spend most of our time indoors, staring at screens, and we have forgotten how to appreciate the beauty that surrounds us. We have become so focused on progress and development that we have neglected the very thing that sustains us – our planet.

We have polluted our air and water, destroyed our forests and oceans, and caused irreparable damage to our planet. We have forgotten that we are just one small part of a much larger ecosystem, and that our actions have a profound impact on the world around us.

But it’s not too late to change. We can all make a difference by taking small steps to protect our planet. We can reduce our carbon footprint by using public transport, walking or cycling instead of driving. We can reduce waste by recycling and reusing. We can support local farmers and businesses that use sustainable practices. We can even plant trees and flowers in our own gardens.

And we can also take the time to appreciate the beauty of nature. We can take a walk in the park, go on a hike or a camping trip. We can watch the sunrise or the sunset, listen to the birds and the sound of the wind. We can sit by a lake or a river and simply enjoy the peacefulness of our surroundings.

In doing so, we will not only benefit ourselves, but also the world around us. We will be reminded of the beauty and wonder of our planet, and we will be motivated to protect it.

So let us all take a moment to appreciate the beauty of nature. Let us be grateful for the air we breathe, the water we drink and the ground we walk on. Let us remember that we are all connected to this planet, and that our actions have a profound impact on the world around us.

And let us all do our part to protect nature, so that future generations can enjoy its beauty and wonder as well.

4th Speech about Nature (10 min Speech)

It is a great pleasure to stand before you today and speak about one of the most awe-inspiring topics that we as human beings can contemplate – nature.

Nature is a term that encompasses all living and non-living things that exist on our planet. It is the air we breathe, the water we drink, the soil we cultivate, the forests we walk through, the mountains we climb, and the oceans we explore. It is everything that surrounds us, sustains us, and gives us life.

For centuries, nature has been a source of inspiration for poets, artists, and philosophers. Its beauty and majesty have moved countless individuals to tears, and its power and resilience have amazed and humbled us. But nature is more than just a source of inspiration. It is a complex and delicate system of interconnected parts that work together to maintain balance and harmony.

Unfortunately, in recent times, we have seen the devastating impact that human activities can have on nature. We have polluted the air, contaminated the water, destroyed forests, and caused the extinction of countless species. We have acted as though nature was ours to use and abuse, forgetting that we are only a small part of the greater whole.

But it is not too late to change. We can still work to protect and preserve the natural world, and in doing so, protect ourselves and future generations. We can plant trees, reduce our carbon footprint, use renewable energy sources, and protect wildlife habitats.

When we protect nature, we also protect ourselves. We are part of a larger ecosystem, and our health and wellbeing are intimately connected to the health and wellbeing of the planet. Clean air and water, healthy soil, and thriving ecosystems are essential for our survival and prosperity.

Nature also has the power to heal and rejuvenate us. Studies have shown that spending time in nature can reduce stress, improve mood, and increase physical health. Whether we are hiking in the mountains, swimming in the ocean, or simply sitting in a park, being in nature has a powerful effect on our minds and bodies.

So, at the end of this speec. I would like to say that nature is a precious and invaluable gift that we have been given. It sustains us, inspires us, and heals us. It is our responsibility to protect and preserve it, not just for ourselves, but for all the living beings that call our planet home. Let us work together to ensure that future generations can experience the same wonder and awe that we feel when we contemplate the beauty and majesty of nature.

5th Speech about Nature (5 min Speech)

Dear Friends,

Today, I would like to talk about something that is close to our hearts, yet often neglected in our daily lives – nature.

Nature is all around us, from the towering trees to the smallest blade of grass, from the gentle breeze to the raging storm. It is a source of inspiration and wonder, a reminder of the beauty and diversity of life.

But nature is not just something we look at from a distance. It is something we are a part of, something that sustains us and gives us life. We breathe in the oxygen produced by plants, drink the water that flows from rivers and lakes, and rely on the sun’s energy to grow our food.

Unfortunately, we often take nature for granted and fail to appreciate its importance. We pollute our air, water, and land, destroy habitats and species, and contribute to climate change. As a result, we are putting our own survival and that of countless other species at risk.

But it is not too late to make a change. We can start by reconnecting with nature and learning to appreciate its beauty and value. We can reduce our environmental footprint by using resources responsibly, recycling, and reducing waste. We can support conservation efforts and advocate for policies that protect nature and promote sustainability.

Nature is not just a luxury, but a necessity. It is not just something we enjoy, but something we depend on. So let us cherish and protect it, for the sake of ourselves and future generations.

In the words of the poet William Wordsworth, “Nature never did betray the heart that loved her.” Let us love nature, and in doing so, find renewed joy and meaning in our lives. Thank you.

What is a speech about nature?

A speech about nature is a presentation given to an audience on topics related to the environment, ecology, conservation, and the natural world.

What are some topics that can be covered in a speech about nature?

There are many topics that can be covered in a speech about nature, including the impact of climate change, the importance of biodiversity, the benefits of green living, the significance of national parks, and the role of individuals in protecting the environment.

What is the purpose of a speech about nature?

The purpose of a speech about nature is to inform, educate, and inspire people to take action to protect the environment. It aims to raise awareness of environmental issues and encourage people to make positive changes in their lives to reduce their impact on the planet.

What are some tips for delivering an effective speech about nature?

Some tips for delivering an effective speech about nature include choosing a topic that you are passionate about, using clear and concise language, including relevant statistics and facts, using visuals to illustrate your points, and engaging the audience through questions and interactive activities.

How can I prepare for a speech about nature?

To prepare for a speech about nature, you should research your topic thoroughly, gather relevant data and statistics, organize your ideas into a clear outline, practice your delivery, and seek feedback from others to improve your presentation.

The Power of Nature

While natural systems are under threat like never before, nature is not as fragile as we sometimes think.

August 31, 2020

This article was written by Giulio Boccaletti, former Chief Strategy Officer & Global Ambassador for Water with The Nature Conservancy.

We all have seen them: natural history documentaries that begin with a wonderfully pristine ecosystem, first on stage as a fragile, unstable thing of beauty. Complex habitats and rare animals mesmerize viewers with delicate, spellbinding behavior. Then, the story takes a dark turn as nature collides with the forces of mass production. The global economy, with its ruthless incentive structures and unrelenting search for growth, is the powerful nemesis to the fragile environment in need of a savior. The narrator urges us: Will we be, after all, the heroes of this story? Act, before it is too late.

There is truth to this story. There is no doubt humanity has inflicted untold damage on the world’s ecosystems. Our footprint is everywhere. As modernity chips away at the last great wild places, cutting down forests, polluting rivers, and spreading invasive species, the fossil fuels that power its march burn up the sky, altering the chemistry of the atmosphere, shifting the energy balance of the planet. When atmospheric chemist Paul Crutzen baptized this human era as “the Anthropocene,” he crystallized into geological nomenclature a simple fact: Homo sapiens is the only species in Earth’s long history to have been able to fundamentally alter the geochemical cycles that regulate the planet in a mere few decades.

But who is the real hero of this story, and who is the victim? The narrative of nature’s fragility misses something important. Nature has agency. Nature acts on the planet on a scale that dwarfs most human processes. The Earth’s powerful climate system is a case in point. The impact it has on every person in the world makes clear one basic fact : We are small, we are fragile, we are the ones at risk. One of its principal components, the hydrological cycle of the planet, for example, is a system of extraordinary complexity and power. The energy released over the course of a few days by a single hurricane is equivalent to that used by the entire world economy in a year. And that is a single storm. For all of our ingenuity and power, recent human actions are a perturbation on the vast and complicated machine that is the Earth. A perturbation that has been able to throw this big machine off balance, for sure, but one whose perpetrators are also a primary victim.

The camera needs to turn around. Nature is looking at us. We are the fragile creatures that have chosen to undermine the very foundation that keeps our home from collapsing. We are the unwitting victims of our own success. And, if we are going to survive—and hopefully even thrive—we need to turn to nature for the answers.

That story needs telling, too. The good news is that a growing number of natural history documentaries are catching on to this revelation, capturing the complexities and power of nature, rather than just its frailties. The Age of Nature, a threepart series that I and my Nature Conservancy colleague Stella Cha helped the producer Brian Leith and his team conceive and that will air on PBS this October, explores the true potential of nature in shaping our future. Rather than looking at nature from an exclusively human perspective, the documentary frames people as they are embedded in the ecosystems that sustain them. In this way, we try to understand nature’s agency on us.

One of the most intriguing stories from the series, revealing our utter dependence on the power of nature, is that of the Chagres River, which feeds the Panama Canal. To keep the canal operational requires capturing water from the Chagres in an artificial lake, called Gatun Lake, at the center of the isthmus. A series of three locks on both the Atlantic and Pacific sides of the canal control the flow of that freshwater into the ocean. When a ship enters the locks, it is gradually raised up to the height of the lake, about 85 feet above sea level, and then is lowered back down on the other side.

The canal system—heralded as one of the greatest engineering feats of the 20th century—works well as long as there’s abundant freshwater coming in. But even before the canal opened, farmers were clearing forests in the Chagres watershed, and the river’s flow began to decline. Over time, the operators of the canal realized that there was a tight relationship between the amount of forest in the mountains and the amount of water replenishing the canal. The watershed was a pump maintaining this key economic asset that much of the world’s shipping trade was passing through. Recognizing the value at stake, a plan was devised to set aside the lands surrounding the river as national parks, which have become some of the best-protected and best-studied tropical forests in the world.

People often marvel at the sight of some of our accomplishments: skyscrapers, interstate highways or machines that fly. But these achievements are dwarfed by the awesome power of nature, working sometimes over millions of years, to create some of the most fundamental and sophisticated systems on the planet. Because many of these systems operate in the background, we often see nature as passive. But it is not. Nature shapes our landscapes and maintains crucial processes on which we all depend—from photosynthesis to pollination. The story of the Chagres shows that nature is an active agent, not just a place. It is the protagonist of the heroic journey of this planet. Nature has agency.

Nature acts on the planet on a scale that dwarfs most human processes...We are small, we are fragile, we are the ones at risk.

The agency of nature is not just reflected in its function. It is also expressed by its ability to recover. Another story in the series focuses on Bikini Atoll. Between 1946 and 1958, the United States detonated 23 nuclear bombs on the atoll in the Pacific Ocean as part of a weapons-testing program. The local coral reefs were annihilated and the islands were too contaminated for displaced residents to be resettled. In 2017, when scientists returned to scuba dive at the Bravo Crater— left behind by a 15-megaton hydrogen bomb, the most powerful nuclear weapon ever detonated by the U.S.—they discovered a coral community teeming with marine life. In some places, living coral covered 80 percent of the seafloor and scientists saw branching corals up to 25 feet tall. There were fewer species than there used to be prior to the nuclear tests, but the visit was proof of the resiliency of nature.

And Bikini Atoll is not an isolated case. From the return of wolves to Yellowstone National Park to the recovery of fisheries in the North Atlantic, conservation success stories happen all the time when nature is given the chance.

Rope technicians on their way up a mountain to the pine removal site.

This ability to recover is a powerful engine we can rely on to restore functions we critically depend on. One great example of this, also featured in the series, is TNC’s work on the water supply in Cape Town, South Africa. In 2018, the city came frighteningly close to running out of water . In the watersheds that provide water to Cape Town, invasive trees, including acacia, pine, and eucalyptus, were sucking up 14 billion gallons of water every year—about two months’ worth of the city’s supply. Working together with local partners, TNC is in the process of pulling out those destructive plants from one particular watershed. The resurgence of dry-adapted native vegetation will help ensure Cape Town has the equivalent of two more months of water a year. Nature, once again, has agency.

Undoubtedly, the most challenging problem humanity faces is climate change. Carbon dioxide concentrations are reaching dangerous levels in the atmosphere. To avert disastrous impacts on the conditions we depend on to inhabit this planet, we have to reduce fossil-fuel emissions. But TNC’s research has shown that reducing emissions alone will not be enough. We also need to take an enormous amount of carbon out of the atmosphere, urgently. The only thing on this planet that can operate on that scale are the ecosystems that TNC is trying to protect.

Controlled burn of dead winter grasses in Shawnee County, Kansas. This photo was a finalist in the 2013 Photo Contest.

Our scientists have shown that by restoring our coastal wetlands to their 1990 extent, for example, we could offset the emissions generated by more than 2 billion barrels of oil. And we could achieve those gains while also reducing flood damage to oceanside communities by up to 29%. In Australia’s savanna, we’ve supported traditional fire management practices that will keep up to 13.8 million metric tons of carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere over the next 7 to 10 years by curbing out-of-control megafires. Expanding our early-season controlled burning programs to 29 countries in Africa, South America and Oceania could prevent 89.3 million metric tons from being emitted from savanna fires every year. Every day we’re learning more and more about nature’s capacity to heal itself, and our job as conservationists is really to learn to play to its strengths, so that we can all rely on its agency.

The title shot of The Age of Nature captures well the spirit of this story. The scene is that of a city, seen from a distance. In the foreground, dark leafy branches frame the image, suggesting that the city, glimmering in the sun, is seen from a clearing within a thick, dark forest. The camera has truly been turned around. It is not looking at nature. It is nature that is looking at us: people living as part of a fragile, unstable system in need of saving. We need nature to intervene before it is too late. We have entered an era in which the destiny of humanity depends on our ability to call nature to our aid. It is, as the title of the series suggests, The Age of Nature .

Women in climbing gear standing on edge of cliff

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Nature Essay for Students and Children

500+ words nature essay.

Nature is an important and integral part of mankind. It is one of the greatest blessings for human life; however, nowadays humans fail to recognize it as one. Nature has been an inspiration for numerous poets, writers, artists and more of yesteryears. This remarkable creation inspired them to write poems and stories in the glory of it. They truly valued nature which reflects in their works even today. Essentially, nature is everything we are surrounded by like the water we drink, the air we breathe, the sun we soak in, the birds we hear chirping, the moon we gaze at and more. Above all, it is rich and vibrant and consists of both living and non-living things. Therefore, people of the modern age should also learn something from people of yesteryear and start valuing nature before it gets too late.

Significance of Nature

Nature has been in existence long before humans and ever since it has taken care of mankind and nourished it forever. In other words, it offers us a protective layer which guards us against all kinds of damages and harms. Survival of mankind without nature is impossible and humans need to understand that.

If nature has the ability to protect us, it is also powerful enough to destroy the entire mankind. Every form of nature, for instance, the plants , animals , rivers, mountains, moon, and more holds equal significance for us. Absence of one element is enough to cause a catastrophe in the functioning of human life.

We fulfill our healthy lifestyle by eating and drinking healthy, which nature gives us. Similarly, it provides us with water and food that enables us to do so. Rainfall and sunshine, the two most important elements to survive are derived from nature itself.

Further, the air we breathe and the wood we use for various purposes are a gift of nature only. But, with technological advancements, people are not paying attention to nature. The need to conserve and balance the natural assets is rising day by day which requires immediate attention.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Conservation of Nature

In order to conserve nature, we must take drastic steps right away to prevent any further damage. The most important step is to prevent deforestation at all levels. Cutting down of trees has serious consequences in different spheres. It can cause soil erosion easily and also bring a decline in rainfall on a major level.

Polluting ocean water must be strictly prohibited by all industries straightaway as it causes a lot of water shortage. The excessive use of automobiles, AC’s and ovens emit a lot of Chlorofluorocarbons’ which depletes the ozone layer. This, in turn, causes global warming which causes thermal expansion and melting of glaciers.

Therefore, we should avoid personal use of the vehicle when we can, switch to public transport and carpooling. We must invest in solar energy giving a chance for the natural resources to replenish.

In conclusion, nature has a powerful transformative power which is responsible for the functioning of life on earth. It is essential for mankind to flourish so it is our duty to conserve it for our future generations. We must stop the selfish activities and try our best to preserve the natural resources so life can forever be nourished on earth.

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Speech on Save Environment

Save Environment Speech For Students

Speech on Save Environment is an important topic for students. Students can avail a well-written speech on the topic ‘save environment speech’ and learn how to write the speech that will impress the audience.

Long Speech

Good morning to one and all present here. I am glad to be given the opportunity to present a speech on Save Environment. Our environment is where we live. There must be harmony between the environment and living beings. In the present scenario, due to overpopulation, the environment is under distress. The situation is alarming as our natural environment is overexploited to meet human needs. It is because of many human activities that we are not able to maintain a healthy balance with nature.

The threat we are facing includes manmade disasters and global warming. These threats are real and have raised an alarming situation. We need to come together to save our environment. This speech on saving nature throws light on why it is needed by mankind to protect and preserve the environment. Our environment offers everything from clothing, water, food to shelter. All living beings are a part of the ecosystem. Hence, it becomes our responsibility to take care of the natural habitat.

Environmental pollution is one of the biggest issues that the modern world faces today. To meet the wants of society, we are putting too much pressure on the natural environment. This leads to damage to nature. The soil is losing its fertility, and in most places, soil pollution makes it difficult to grow crops. Even air and water pollution is the effect of mass urbanization and industrialisation. Controlling the pollution is a need of the hour, however, this still gets neglected by us. I am delivering the speech to save the earth to make you aware of what can be done by each one of us sitting here. We can make our earth a better place to live by taking simple steps like planting a tree, throwing waste in proper bins, saying no to plastic bags, etc. Rather than complaining about pollution, such small steps must be taken to make our environment sustainable.

Environmental problems are also the result of vast technological advancements in the last few years. The overuse of resources to build IT infrastructure is responsible for the loss of the natural environment. Government and international organizations must take proper steps to control pollution and save our mother earth. Environmental protection policies must be strictly enforced. Everyone has to come together to save our mother nature.

Saving our environment is much more important today than ever before. The degrading quality of earth life is what we all are familiar with. However, the early signs of the upcoming destruction are visible. The harsh weather conditions, increased carbon dioxide emissions, melting of glaciers, etc. are the major concerns that needed immediate attention. Let us all do what we can to save our environment and preserve our resources for future generations.

Short Speech

Good morning to all. Today, I am going to give a short speech on saving the environment. We are all aware of how the environment is important to us. We cannot afford to harm the environment any longer. In today’s modern world, our planet earth is affected significantly. However, if we want to live in harmony with nature, we cannot put the entire pressure on the environment. Living beings, for their survival, depend completely on the natural and manmade environment. It is impossible to live without the resources that the atmosphere provides. In such a situation, it becomes critical to save mother nature from getting over-exploited due to the increasing population.

We all know that factors like overpopulation, deforestation, etc. are responsible for environmental destruction. Small steps taken by us can go a long way. We must try to use as much public transport as possible to protect the air we breathe. We must throw garbage in the right bins so that proper disposal of waste and waste management can be done. We need to make efforts in the right direction to conserve our natural resources and habitat. Some of the ways by which we can achieve this are to use renewable energy, avoid plastic bags, plant more trees etc.

Mother nature offers so much to us. We must protect the environment and nature and be a part of sustainable development programmes.

10 Lines Speech

A heartfelt welcome to each one present here. I am here to deliver a speech on saving the environment and saving a life. It is no hidden fact that our environment is affected largely due to human activities. It is facing a threat at an alarming rate. We have over-exploited nature due to our greed. This has caused a natural imbalance. However, we can still do something and protect our environment from all the damages. We must plant more and more trees, throw garbage in the dustbins, avoid using plastic bags, etc. It cannot be denied that our natural environment is such an important part of our ecosystem. It is important to educate people about how the environment is getting damaged. Then only we can have green earth to live in.

Main Causes of Environmental Degradation

Pollution, in any form, is destructive to the environment, whether it be in the form of air, water, land, or noise.

Rapid population increase limits natural resources, resulting in environmental degradation.

Increasing population equals more need for food, clothing, and housing. More land is needed to grow food and provide housing for people. Deforestation occurs, as a result, contributing to environmental degradation.

Deforestation is also caused by using forest areas for agriculture, livestock grazing, fuelwood harvesting, and logging. When forest size decreases, deforestation contributes to global warming by releasing carbon into the atmosphere.

The exhaust gas released by industries is one of the primary sources of pollution. Lead is found in large concentrations in the environment due to a range of substances such as gasoline, paints, ceramics, and batteries.

In recent years, there has been a massive increase in the number of private vehicles. The higher the number of cars, the higher the rate of pollution that causes smog. Lower-level ozone, which is detrimental, is caused by hydrocarbons emitted by engines.

Speech on plant trees, saving mother earth is important for students as it will make them aware of how to use natural resources and how a healthy balance can be maintained between the environment and human life.

FAQs on Speech on Save Environment

1. What is the best way to prepare a speech?

Giving a speech in class pushes students to step outside of their comfort zone, especially if they are required to take a stand on a social issue. Students gain courage, conviction, and fluency when they learn to face their insecurities and reply articulately to opposition with practice. The following tips will help students in delivering a great speech:

The size of the audience is one of the most primary considerations when giving a speech. High school students should consider the audience and the context for the speech before digging into stacks of research resources.

Students should slim down their attention and write a clear thesis statement that will act as a road map for the rest of the presentation. The speakers should then choose two or three major topics that they can address in the time allocated.

Decide the basic goal of your speech or presentation if you're informing, presenting, or entertaining.

When practising, keep track of your time from beginning to end and read the complete speech numerous times.

It can be beneficial to incorporate hand gestures to explain points in your speech. Hand gestures will not only help you communicate with the audience, but they will also assist you to remember important points.

A few people in the audience will have questions about your speech. Consider some of the products you might receive. Then jot down your responses and practice expressing them aloud.

2. How to create awareness about environmental pollution among people?

You must first ensure that you have a good understanding of environmental-related issues before you can begin promoting environmental consciousness in your community. Do some online research to learn about the root of pollution in your neighbourhood. Share your information with as many people as possible so that they are aware of the effects of pollution and how to avoid them. Creating an environmental group is another way to raise awareness. Various social media platforms can be used as tools to assist you in educating more people. The number of environmental challenges appears to be infinite, and while they are all crucial, it is easy to become overwhelmed. Choose one subject to concentrate on at a time.

3. What are the most important methods to conserve the environment?

Reduce the amount of waste you generate. Conserve natural resources and landfill space by following the three "R's" that are – Reduce, Reuse and Recycle.

Deforestation must be controlled or, ultimately, stopped.

The less water you consume, the less drainage and wastewater end up in the ocean.

Afforestation must be fostered, and public awareness must be promoted.

Energy-efficient light bulbs reduce greenhouse gas release. Also, flip the light switch off when you leave the room.

Fuelwood and timber wood should be used wisely.

In your house and office, use non-toxic materials.

We should maintain grazing lands and produce cover crops to keep soils from blowing away.

Using public transportation, walking, or riding a bike to class are all preferable options that assist the environment, save money, and provide exercise.

4. What is the importance of the environment for Human life?

The environment offers us a variety of producing resources, both renewable and non-renewable. It offers food, shelter, and air, as well as meeting all human needs.

Agriculture and the growing of crops and vegetables are facilitated by the ecosystem. Our waste products were thrown away and composted for use in agriculture.

Human life would not survive without the sun, water, air, and soil that make up the environment. It helps to keep life going by ensuring genetic variation and biodiversity.

Mountains, lakes, rivers, deserts, and a plethora of other amazing natural components are only beautiful because the environment exists.

The environment offers us fertile land, clean water, fresh air, animals, and a variety of other necessities for survival.

5. Where can I get the Essays/Speeches on important topics for school?

Students can access the important materials to write a speech/essay for their school competition from Vedantu. Both online and offline study resources include a free download option that students can use to meet their specific needs. Students can also get various sample papers and revision notes for all the subjects from Vedantu. These study materials are designed by subject matter experts to help students enhance their academic performance. The PDF is also prepared with the understanding of crucial concepts in mind, as our focus is on the student's overall growth.

5 Minute Speech on Nature in English for Students

Nature is what we see around us excluding man-made creation. It is the sky, the trees, the wind, the clouds, and others. We should take good care of nature. We shouldn’t pollute our nature which is seen very often in today’s world where people are ignorant of how important nature really is in the cycle of life. It is through nature that we are able to live and breathe. When we pollute nature we are ultimately destroying healthy lifestyles because as we pollute we destroy the air that we breathe in. Polluting nature will bring a rise in numerous diseases and sicknesses resulting in a rise in deaths. Through nature, we are able to be inspired and motivated. There are so many poets, artists, and many others who take inspiration from nature. If we take care of nature we eventually take care of ourselves and nature will aid in doing so but if we don’t, we will ultimately destroy our way of life. It is vital and very significant that we share knowledge about nature with our friends and families and let them be educated on this subject matter.

Latest Education and Career News

Speech about Nature for Students

Reported by Anshika Saxena

Published on 10 July 2024

Speech about Nature : Speeches are useful for addressing a crowd. They can be formal, informal, or semi-formal. It is worth noting that a speech must always be written considering the requirement. There are various topics on which one can deliver a speech. One such topic is “Nature”. This topic is formal, and as students, you can be required to speak about the topic in competitions or for assessment.

It might be confusing as to what points and structure you must use for the speech. In the ensuing article, we have provided detailed guidance and a sample Speech about Nature for reference. Read subsequently and write your speech carefully.

Speech about Nature

The candidates who have to deliver a speech on the topic “ Nature ” might get confused about how to frame the speech. It is of utmost importance that you finalise the structure of the speech and then contemplate the content accordingly. The speech must be very direct, simple, and well-spoken to make it easy to understand. Students need to introduce the topic initially and then put forward their thoughts. Speeches are different from essays. You must understand that you must address the listener every little while and ensure that interest is developed.

The introduction must start with salutations, and you must explain what the topic is. The students need to describe the relevance of nature and address the grave issue of exploitation of the environmental ecosystem. The solutions or the requirement of finding a solution must also be explained well in the speech.

Your speech must trigger an urge . Thus, you must ensure the speech is strong enough to convince the listeners of the cause. In the case of speeches, it is the impact that counts. Thus, the speech must be influential.

The speakers can add facts, figurines, and quotes to make a point or establish concern. Quotes also make the speeches interesting, thus making the listeners. You should keep eye contact with the audience as it keeps them hooked. The speech must deliver what you seek to hear in the speech.

Nature and Environment Quotes

As mentioned earlier, you can add quotes to beautify your speech . This shall make the speech highly impressive to hear. While quoting the personality, you must mention their name, and as you are doing so, make sure that adding the quote seems natural. Do not overstuff the speech with quotes; it only makes it extremely fussy. Check the following quotes for reference:-

To leave the world better than you found it, sometimes you have to pick up other people’s trash ~ Bill Nye.
Progress is impossible without change, and those who cannot change their minds cannot change anything ~ George Bernard Shaw.
If all mankind were to disappear, the world would return to the rich state of equilibrium that existed ten thousand years ago. If insects were to vanish, the environment would collapse into chaos ~ E. O. Wilson.
I only feel angry when I see waste. When I see people throwing away things we could use ~ Mother Teresa
Heaven is under our feet as well as over our heads ~ Henry David Thoreau
What is the use of a house if you haven’t got a tolerable planet to put it on? ~ Henry David Thoreau
The Earth is what we all have in common ~ Wendell Berry
The greatest threat to our planet is the belief that someone else will save it ~ Robert Swan
You can never see a plant grow, but they do ~ Carol Plum-Ucci
The only way forward, if we are going to improve the quality of the environment, is to get everybody involved ~ Richard Rogers.

Sample of “Nature” Speech

Good Morning/ Afternoon/ Evening to each one of you present here to discuss the most important thing in our lives, Nature. Some might not agree, as I said, that it is the most vital thing in our lives. However, I shall clarify that we exist because nature does. The environment sustains us as it has everything that we require over time. But what exactly is Nature? It is very uncomplicated. Everything that God has created on this planet is Nature.

Humans appeared on earth one day, but Nature existed way before that. The environment includes plants, wildlife, the atmosphere, waterbodies, landmarks, etc. It is worth noting that each entity in the world is interdependent on the other. Further, one must observe that humankind depends entirely on nature. We must protect the environment; if not, the least we must do is not interfere with its existence.

Leo Tolstoy once said, “One of the first conditions of happiness is that the link between man and nature shall not be broken”. If humans are to sustain, we need to understand the connectivity of nature and respect the boundaries and limitations it has created for it. It is better to take care of our planet rather than find alternatives, as the earth is irreplaceable, and no human shall ever survive without it.

Anshika Saxena

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Importance of nature

Imagine a world where there are no trees, no blue skies, no birds, and no animals. If this Earth we live in had indeed been a place like that, we would probably never have seen it, because we would not have existed at all. Humans are very much a part of nature, even though we have apparently distanced ourselves from it. Even today, when we are technologically savvy and highly self-sufficient, there is no doubt that we are extremely dependent on nature. We do not just draw inspiration from nature; we draw our very resources for survival.

6 reasons why nature is important to us

In this article, let us see how nature impacts and influences our daily lives.

Provides nourishment

The most important contribution of nature to human life is, of course, food . It would be impossible to continue to survive on the planet if we did not get nutrition from the planet itself. Imagine if there was no nature around us. That would mean no crops would grow, no animals would roam, and no trees would be there to bear fruits and flowers. The seas, rivers, and ponds would not be there either to provide us with water . There would be literally nothing to eat or drink. Since prehistoric times, man has secured from nature; initially by hunting animals and gathering fruits, then graduating to growing crops, and finally transitioning to our modern kitchens. Today, we can cook delicious dishes and drink purified water, but none of that would be possible had not nature provided us with the raw ingredients.

Provides power

As humans living in the twenty first century, it is impossible to imagine life without electricity and coal and gas and other forms of fuel . And we get these resources from nature itself. The wind, water, and the sun give us our electricity to power everything from our household appliances and motor vehicles to industrial machinery. The coal and oil reserves are created out of deposits of fossilized plants and animals, proving that nature keeps on giving even after it is long dead. The minerals and metals that we need to build everything from cell phones to wind turbines are all mined from the earth, where they occur naturally.

Air to breathe in

The very air we breathe is part of nature itself. It is this unique mix of oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and other gases that makes the air breathable, and the planet a livable place for us. Without this composition, no living being would be able to survive on the planet. The importance of balance of this composition becomes evident when we disrupt this balance; for instance, places with high air pollution become unlivable, with the people and animals becoming susceptible to diseases that lead to a life span cut brutally short.

Balanced ecosystem

Nature maintains a wonderfully balanced ecosystem. Each animal and plant has a purpose to serve, and anything that becomes redundant is wiped off, gradually or at once. Every being in the system is self-sufficient, drawing nourishment from the resources available around themselves. Most importantly, it is a symbiotic relationship among all the members of the system, which means that even the smallest of disruptions can have pretty serious consequences on the entire ecosystem.

Sheer force

Even today, when we are technologically sufficient and extremely advanced, we are absolutely at the mercy of nature. This is proven every time a natural calamity strikes- be it a hurricane, a tsunami, or an earthquake. Even today, we know of no way to stop them; in case of earthquakes, we cannot even predict them. All we can do is run for cover when the disaster strikes, and then emerge to survey the damage once it is over. It is the sheer power of nature over us that keeps us on our toes.

Inspiration

Finally, nature is a potent muse. From poets to artists to the mist prosaic soul, you would be hard put to find a person who is not enthralled by the sheer beauty of nature. Nations earn billions in revenue from tourism thanks to their natural beauty, and great works of art have been created from the inspiration nature provides us.

Today, Mother Nature is in serious danger. We have been too engrossed in our technological advancements and our ability to harness nature’s gifts to truly take care of nature herself. As a result we are on our way to perform the highly self-destructive act of killing the goose the lays the golden eggs. And the signs are visible: natural calamities are more frequent than ever, and we have almost exhausted all our reserves of natural resources. We have killed off a bunch of animals for our selfish reasons, seriously disrupting the ecosystem. Rising global warming and climate change has become a reality, warning us to pull our act together while there is still time.

One planet for people and nature

Speech prepared for delivery at ‘The One Planet Summit delivers for biodiversity’

I am honoured to address you on behalf of the United Nations today.

Humanity’s pursuit of growth and profit at all costs has caused the triple planetary crisis of climate change, biodiversity loss and pollution. Now we are living with the consequences – despite the many warnings we have received. Our one planet is being destroyed by one species. Us.

But we can do better. We can change. We can unite under the banner of global cooperation. We have done it before: to form the United Nations and address global conflict. To protect the ozone layer. To end the use of leaded petrol. Now we need to do it to protect nature and biodiversity.

The post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework will be our latest blueprint to protect nature and biodiversity. We need a framework that shifts the way we define the multiple values of nature. That transforms agriculture and food systems by moving to regenerative practices and weeding out nature-destroying subsidies. That promotes a better built environment and circular economies. That listens to the voices of indigenous people and local communities. That brings nature’s solutions to restore a degraded planet and delivers up to one-third of the mitigation action required to keep global temperatures below 1.5 degrees Celsius.

But the framework is not the only blueprint for healthier nature. The Paris Agreement. The UN Convention to Combat Desertification. The Montreal Protocol. The beyond 2020 chemicals framework. Dozens of smaller environmental agreements across the globe. All these agreements deal with issues that damage biodiversity. And all must work together to deliver.

But as the One Planet Summit acknowledges, we need a whole-of-society lift, not just the environmental movement straining to lift this burden. We need a global movement in which businesses report on their dependencies and impacts on nature and change to nature-positive business models. In which big investors stop backing industries like single-use plastics and start backing those that make money while restoring the planet. In which governments put the right policies in place, eliminate harmful subsidies and start to plug funding gaps – including through using COVID recovery spending - to create a global economic recovery that takes us forwards, not backwards.

The One Planet Summit has helped to create such cooperation and we at the United Nations have been proud partners. At the 2017 summit for example, UNEP and BNP Paribas signed an agreement to invest at least USD 10 billion into sustainable land management and renewable energy by 2025. UNEP’s Finance Initiative amplifies this work, with over 450 banks, insurers and asset managers working to develop the sustainable finance and responsible investment agendas. Such cooperation helps, but we all need to step up.

Look, we often talk about biodiversity as if we, humanity, are separate from it. We are not. We are part of the incredible web of biodiversity. But we act like the spider who created the web and can tear it down. Unlike the spider, we cannot build another web. This One Planet is our only web. It is time we started treating it that way.

Inger Andersen

Executive Director

Biodiversity

Related Sustainable Development Goals

Speech on Nature Is The Best Teacher

Nature is all around you, teaching valuable lessons every day. It’s a silent mentor, guiding you with its endless wisdom and patience.

Pay attention to the trees, the flowers, the birds, and the seasons. They each tell a story, offering insights on life and growth.

1-minute Speech on Nature Is The Best Teacher

Ladies and Gentlemen,

Let’s talk about nature, our greatest teacher. Look around you. Trees, flowers, birds, rivers, mountains, and even the stars above. They all have lessons to teach us.

Trees can’t run away when it’s too hot or too cold, can they? They stand tall, brave every storm and blossom when spring arrives. They teach us to be strong and resilient.

Have you ever seen a river that stops flowing because it comes across a mountain? No, right? It finds a new route, goes around it, or sometimes even through it. The river tells us to keep moving. No matter what problems we face, we must find a way and carry on.

Ever seen a flower refuse to bloom because it’s not as big or colorful as the one next to it? Of course not. Each flower blooms in its own time, adding beauty to the world in its unique way. This teaches us to be ourselves, not to fear being different, but to embrace it.

Finally, the stars. No matter how dark the night, stars shine. They encourage us to be a light in the darkness, to be a source of hope and joy.

Ladies and Gentlemen, nature is the best teacher because it teaches us lessons of strength, persistence, freedom, individuality, and hope. Next time you step outside, take a moment to listen. You’ll be amazed at what you can learn.

Also check:

2-minute Speech on Nature Is The Best Teacher

Today, I stand before you to talk about a wonderful friend, a silent guide, and a wise teacher – Nature. Just like a tree with deep roots, nature stands strong and teaches us many valuable lessons. Let’s look at some of these lessons.

Firstly, nature teaches us about patience. Have you ever planted a seed and watched it grow? It does not become a tree overnight. It takes time. Days, weeks, months, and sometimes even years. This is nature’s way of telling us that everything has its own pace. You cannot rush things. You need to wait, to have patience.

Thirdly, nature instills in us the value of harmony. Look at a forest. Different types of plants, animals, and birds live there. They all live together, in harmony. They respect each other’s space and live in balance. This teaches us that we should also live in harmony with others. Respecting each other’s differences and living peacefully together is the key to a happy life.

In conclusion, nature is indeed the best teacher. It does not use words, but it teaches us many important lessons. It teaches us to be patient, to embrace change, to live in harmony, to be resilient, and to value silence. So, let’s open our hearts and minds to this wonderful teacher. Let’s learn from nature and apply these lessons in our lives. It’s time to step outside and let nature be our guide. Thank you.

We also have speeches on more interesting topics that you may want to explore.

Speech on Nature in simple and easy words

Table of Contents

We all love nature in some or the other way, isn’t it? For instance, some love nature for its lush greenery, breathtaking beauty and some love it for its gifts, such as herbs and shrubs. In other words, nature gives us many things in abundance so that we can live a fulfilling life. Therefore, when it is such an integral part of our lives, students in particular are given assignments on nature or are asked to deliver a speech on nature in order to raise awareness. In fact, sometimes various organizations who work closely in protecting nature have to deliver a talk on it. Under this situation, our speeches come to their rescue. Our both short speech on nature as well as long speech on nature are written with a view to help students and other people who are in need of comprehensive nature speeches that are easy to understand. So read our easy to understand speeches and get an informed understanding on the subject.

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Speech on Nature

Speech on nature – 1.

Respected Teachers and My Dear Students – Warm Greetings to All!

The morning assembly has come to a close. Now, as the principal of this school, it becomes my responsibility to organize interactive sessions with my students. The reason being, I hardly get the opportunity to engage with you all and exchange our thought processes. Today the reason behind my addressing you all is to deliver a speech on nature and throw light on the vital role that nature plays in our lives. From quite some time, I am distressed after seeing man destroying nature and using it inconsiderately to meet his ends. Instead of giving back to nature or protecting it from various external threats – we are only exploiting the resources and gifts of nature. Is this right on our parts? Let me raise this question to all the children who are going to take responsibility of our mother earth in near future.

Our lives as human beings started on this planet Earth and since then our “Mother earth” has been exposed to external threats of destruction and mistreatment. Due to the inherent selfish nature of human beings, beautiful forests have been destroyed, rivers have been polluted and vast open lands have been usurped for building factories or other architectural development. Human beings are incessantly involved in such activities as hunting down animals, cutting down trees, releasing poisonous gases in the atmosphere, polluting rivers, etc. We do not even realize that we are invoking the anger of mother earth and are putting our existence under severe threat. Our earth is literally experiencing several strokes of destructive activities due to which the river beds are going dry, plants are dying and species of mammals have become extinct. Yet another grave problem that the world is grappling with in today’s time is ‘global warming’ which has a serious impact on our environment, such as melting down of glaciers, rising sea level and the change of climate at a fast pace. So we all must keep a check on our activities and help to bring such situations under control.

Now, the question comes how we can keep a check on our activities? Well, it will not require a lot from you. For instance, water is an important natural resource, so we should save every drop of water but turning off the tap when not in use and not unnecessarily using flushes or showers as these resulting in the excess wastage of water. Then, do not throw garbage in rivers or drain as these activities pollute our water bodies. As far as protecting our plants is concerned, do not use chemical pesticides and switch to home remedies or to various other eco-friendly means. In addition to this, I will also advice you to not throw your rotten fruits, vegetables, leftover food, discarded teabags, egg shells in the garbage bins and instead use them to prepare organic manure for your home garden. Activities, such as composting are prove to be of great help in recycling waste products into useful manures.

Likewise, save your energy consumption. Switch off the power button when no one is in the room. Do not use personal vehicles, when public transportation can be used. In fact, you can even use bicycles for small distances and protect your environment from harmful release of gases. Thus, through these simple yet effective measures you can contribute greatly towards saving our mother nature from further exploitation.

In the end, I would just say that do not keep this information to yourself and spread the message around so that every person can become a responsible global citizen and helps in saving our planet.

Speech on Nature – 2

Warm Greetings to one and all! I heartily welcome everybody to our society meeting room.

As you all know that this meeting is weekly organized to discuss various issues concerning our society and to amend those issues keeping in mind the best interest of all members of our society. Having said this, as a secretary of our society group, it even becomes my greater responsibility to look after the betterment of our society. However, in recent times, I came across some incidents that have left me unsettled. I happened to come across such people, who have unfortunately no sensitivity towards the cause of protecting nature, despite my stressing the fact that how nature plays a crucial role in building a healthy environment and giving us a balanced and sustained life amidst growing pollution and declining peace of mind.

So here in front of you all, I wish to deliver a speech on nature so that we can inform ourselves of the most important things and make our place, i.e. not just our living surrounding, but the whole world a better place to live in. We all should understand that our environment is the fountainhead of life. It not only directs, but also determines the sustenance, development and growth of the living species and all their activities. The quality of our social lives bears direct relation to the quality of our living environment.

Even if Science and Technology has taken a great sway over our lives, we must not forget that as living species we still need to adapt to our immediate natural surroundings for our sustenance. Human civilization is rooted in the ecosystem and our actions directly impact this system. With the help of technological advancement, human beings have become endowed with the capacity to control his/her environment to a certain extent, but its unfair use results in an ecological crisis. Unwarranted technological intervention to control the forces of nature has invited its wrath in various forms, such as tsunami, floods, droughts, heat waves, wildfire, etc.

Besides natural calamities, the damage caused to environment is irreparable, such as reduction of underground water and heavy shortage of fresh drinking water, shrinking of wetlands and forests, wearing away of soil and coral reefs, disappearance of plants and loss of living organism, rapid extinction of different species of animals as well as failing of fisheries, the growing pollution of water and air, increase in temperature due to global warming, the contraction of ozone layer and poisoning of seas, rivers and underground resources.

With this continuous depletion of natural resources, we are putting our own lives under great peril and the day is not very far when drinking water, fresh air, petroleum, natural gas and the top soil of earth will become exhaust for our future generation. So it’s high time that we keep a close watch on our environment and protect it from the possible dangers, especially exploitative human activities.

In the end, I just want to say that love the nature, value its presence and the things that it offers us in abundance.

Speech on Nature – 3

Respected Principal, Respected Teachers and My Dear Friends,

Today, this special assembly is organized to celebrate one of the most important day called Nature’s Day. Today, we all are going to plant trees as many as we can in our surroundings. But before this, I would like to deliver a speech in respect of Mother Nature. We all know that our earth is the best place for living beings because of its opportune climate and other physical features. Our earth was formed around 4.54 billion years ago approximately and at that time it had gone through many explosions and destructions. From that time of formation to now, nature is providing a lot of things to every living being. It provides us food, shelter, air, water and many other things for our survival.

The nature of earth is a gift from god for the survival of living beings. Nature on earth has many features like different climatic conditions, mountains, plateaus, rivers, oceans, trees, plants, etc. We all are using them since our birth till today. Nature is shrinking and our needs are expanding day by day. The day will not be so far from now if we will not understand the signs of the nature.

Nature is the only reason for the survival of all the livings beings on earth. We all know that today, the condition of earth is not in a good state. We all are using nature’s components but are not interested in the needs of nature. Nature is getting ruined day by day for the fulfillment of our needs. There are many reasons for today’s bad condition of the nature such as – excess use of fuels, CFLs, population explosion, deforestation etc and many wrong things which most of the people do in their daily life such as keeping the lights on even when they are not in use, excess use and waste of water by keeping taps on etc. This is very unfortunate that many of us are still have a careless behavior against these problems. Whole earth is getting polluted because of our lifestyle and selfishness towards nature. We have used too much of the nature’s components that many of its components are extinct today.

Today, many places on earth are lacking of many nature’s components due to our carelessness and selfishness. There is a shortage of water for drinking and for the other purposes, lack of fresh air etc and the only reason behind this is our selfishness. If we will not change our selfish behaviour towards nature, then it will lead to the end of our earth. The only way to protect us and our earth from destruction is by changing our lifestyle of using technology excessively and by understanding our duty towards nature’s conservation.

Let us take a pledge that from today onward we are going to give our best contribution towards helping our mother nature and it is not optional and it is our duty because if we want to enjoy living in nature then we have to do something today and there is no time for leaving it on tomorrow.

On this note, I would like to conclude my speech and ask our honorable Principal ma’am to address the further program for tree planting.

I wish you all a great day ahead!

Speech on Nature – 4

Good Morning Ladies and Gentlemen!

Today, on this special occasion of “ Nature’s Day ” our programme “ make it green organization ” has organized this wonderful event in this area which is highly appreciable and I would like to thank all of you for gathering here. This is a very beautiful day on which we should thank our mother nature for providing us everything that we are using today and will use in our future by planting more and more trees and taking care of them. We all are enjoying by living in nature and using things that we get from nature. In morning, we get to see beautiful scenery of sunrise and at night we get to see a beautiful moon. If we want to enjoy nature and let upcoming generation to enjoy it for longer duration then we have to do something for it’s conservation. It is our duty to keep nature green and prevent it from getting harmed. If we are using nature’s products like fruits, vegetables, etc then we have to make sure that our needs of these things does not leads to the extinction of the nature.

Many places on earth are facing many problems regarding ecological imbalance such as- drought, floods, landslides, melting of glaciers etc due to our excess use of nature. The creator of these problems is the man and his unnecessary needs. We all are busy in our hectic life and forgets that we our surviving in this world only because of nature. We do not forget to use nature’s products but we do forget to do something for nature’s conservation. There is nothing in this world without nature and we have to do something for her conservation.

There are many things to do for nature’s conservation. As many places are facing drought due to less rainfall and thus to overcome this problem, we could do rainwater harvesting and limited use of water. There are many other problems like melting of glaciers, lack of oxygen (O2) and increasing amount of carbon-dioxide (CO2) in air due to excess use of fuels, HCL, CFL, industrialization, construction of dams etc. There are many solutions to these problems like reforestation, limited use of fuels through car pooling, limited use of electricity, using eco-friendly gadgets etc. As there are many solutions to these problems, we have to use these solutions for the conservation of our environment. In many places around the world, these solutions are used to overcome ecological problems. We have to this for ourselves because our nature is the reason for our survival and we should not become the reason for nature’s extinction and in case, if it happens then it will lead to our extinction.

There are infinite solutions for these ecological problems and now it is in our hand that whether we want to survive and enjoy nature or whether we want to get extinct out of this world.

At this end I would like to conclude my speech and extend special thanks to our event organizers and all of you for making this event successful. Now I would like to ask our honorable manager sir to address the further event.

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Published: 05 July 2024

Exploring the ecological security evaluation of water resources in the Yangtze River Basin under the background of ecological sustainable development

Jie-Rong Zhou 1 na1 ,
Xiao-Qing Li 1 na1 ,
Xin Yu 1 , 2 ,
Tian-Cheng Zhao 1 &
Wen-Xi Ruan 3

Scientific Reports volume 14 , Article number: 15475 ( 2024 ) Cite this article

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Environmental social sciences

The Yangtze River (hereafter referred to as the YZR), the largest river in China, is of paramount importance for ensuring water resource security. The Yangtze River Basin (hereafter referred to as the YRB) is one of the most densely populated areas in China, and complex human activities have a significant impact on the ecological security of water resources. Therefore, this paper employs theories related to ecological population evolution and the Driving Force-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) model to construct an indicator system for the ecological security of water resources in the YRB. The report evaluates the ecological security status of water resources in each province of the YRB from 2010 to 2019, clarifies the development trend of its water resource ecological security, and proposes corresponding strategies for regional ecological security and coordinated economic development. According to the results of the ecological population evolution competition model, the overall indicator of the ecological security of water resources in the YRB continues to improve, with the safety level increasing annually. Maintaining sound management of water resources in the YRB is crucial for sustainable socioeconomic development. To further promote the ecological security of water resources in the YRB and the coordinated development of the regional economy, this paper proposes policy suggestions such as promoting the continuous advancement of sustainable development projects, actively adjusting industrial structure, continuously enhancing public environmental awareness, and actively participating in international ecological construction and seeking cooperation among multiple departments.

Global impacts of heat and water stress on food production and severe food insecurity

Threat of low-frequency high-intensity floods to global cropland and crop yields

Projected loss of brown macroalgae and seagrasses with global environmental change

Introduction.

Water is the primary resource for sustaining living organisms and also an important contributor to the ecological environment and the global economy. However, the current status of water resources is facing formidable challenges owing to rapid global population growth, sustained economic development, and extreme climatic conditions triggered by climate change. According to reports from the World Economic Forum and the United Nations, currently, over 2 billion people worldwide inhabit water-scarce regions, a figure projected to increase to as much as 3.5 billion by the year 2025. Approximately a quarter of the global population is confronting a “water stress” crisis, with water scarcity issues gradually becoming commonplace, defying prior expectations 1 . The report assessed the water risks in almost 200 countries and regions. Seventeen regions and countries around the world consume more than 80% of the available water supply, putting them at risk of experiencing severe water scarcity. The scarcity, uneven distribution, and deteriorating environmental quality of water resources have emerged as significant impediments to human sustainable development and societal progress, posing severe threats to water resource security across various regions. Consequently, there is an urgent imperative to engage in interdisciplinary research and foster collaborative innovation to devise scientifically sound water resource management strategies, thereby advancing the societal attainment of sustainable development goals.

Water resources are a strategic asset for ensuring economic and social development. Water is not only a fundamental element for human survival but also a crucial guarantee for economic and social development. If industry is the foundation of the national economy, then water is its “lifeblood”, essential for the development of all industries. As the largest river in China, the YZR originates from the Qinghai‒Tibet Plateau, traverses three major economic zones, and finally flows into the East China Sea. The YZR the world’s third-longest river and also has the widest basin area in China, accounting for approximately 36% of the country's total water resources. Thus, it is one of China’s most critical rivers. The YZR runs through eleven regions, including an autonomous region, eight provinces, and two municipalities directly under the central government, namely, Qinghai Province, the Tibet Autonomous Region, Yunnan Province, Sichuan Province, Hunan Province, Hubei Province, Jiangxi Province, Anhui Province, Jiangsu Province, Chongqing Municipality, and Shanghai Municipality. Due to the complex terrain and low population density in the Tibet Autonomous Region, human activities in the area have a relatively minor impact on water resource ecological security. Considering the integrity of administrative divisions, this paper selects ten provinces (municipalities), namely, Qinghai, Yunnan, Sichuan, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Chongqing, and Shanghai, as the research area, representing the YRB as the research object. The YRB currently has hundreds of millions of residents, meaning that the supply and demand of water resources in the basin are crucial for people’s livelihoods and industrial and agricultural production. As one of the most economically developed regions in China, the YRB has important economic centres and industrial bases. The rational utilization and management of water resources are crucial for the economic development of this region. Assessing the security of water resources in the YRB is the foundation for ensuring high-quality development in this area. To actively address the challenges posed by water security issues and achieve sustainable development, it is essential to prioritize and resolve water security challenges 2 .

By investigating research progress on water resource security both domestically and internationally, it has been found that the majority of studies primarily focus on the ecological system aspect, while a minority are based on the social attributes of water resources. Particularly within the realm of human–water relationships 3 , research examining the impact of socioeconomic factors on water resource ecological security from temporal and spatial perspectives is relatively limited. This study introduces the Lotka–Volterra biological concept to explore the competitive or symbiotic relationships between two populations concerning ecological resources within the same temporal and spatial context. Here, we assume that the changes in socioeconomic factors have an impact on the ecological security of water resources, and at the same time, the continuous improvement of water resource ecological security is also a sign of the advancement of socioeconomic development. The two mutually influence each other. Meanwhile, the water resource ecosystem possesses a certain degree of resilience, meaning that it can recover to a certain level through natural restoration or human intervention after being damaged to a certain extent. Building upon this foundation, the DPSIR model is employed to establish a symbiotic assessment index system for socioeconomic factors and water resources. The entropy weight method was utilized to calculate the weights of the indicators. Furthermore, the Lotka–Volterra coexistence model was employed to conduct an in-depth evaluation of the ecological security of water resources in the YRB from 2010 to 2019. The results indicate that during the period of 2010–2015, the ecological security status of water resources in the YRB was highly sensitive and even approached a dangerous state. However, with national governance and policy adjustments, the ecological security of water resources in the YRB has shown a trend of orderly recovery, currently stabilizing at a state of security or near-security. Nevertheless, challenges still exist in the management of water resource ecological security. It is vital not only to maintain and protect the YRB but also to further research and safeguard other water source areas. In summary, future efforts to govern and maintain the ecological security of water resources will be arduous, requiring the collaborative participation and governance of multiple stakeholders. Establishing a sound management system and calling for concerted efforts from the entire society to protect the YZR are crucial. Active participation in comprehensive ecological security protection projects in the YRB is essential. This lays the groundwork for constructing a healthier and more sustainable water resource ecological security management system.

Research progress at domestic and abroad

Interspecific competition model foundation—logistic model.

The logistic curve, also known as the “S-shaped curve, ” is a graphical representation of the growth pattern of a population 4 . This logistic growth model was constructed by Verhulst 5 . The logistic model describes the development of many phenomena in nature, showing continuous growth within a certain period 6 . Generally, in the initial stages of species development, the population grows rapidly. After a certain period, the growth rate reaches its peak. Due to internal factors, the rate gradually slows until it no longer increases, reaching a stable state at the limit. This process of changing population size is referred to as a finite growth process, namely, the logistic growth process. According to the research results of scholars such as Haibo et al. 7 , Lingyun and Jun 8 , and Tao 9 , the basic interspecies competition model, the logistic model, is represented by the following equation:

The constant \({\upgamma } > 0\) in the equation represents the self-intrinsic growth rate of the population, indicating the maximum growth rate of a single population without external environmental limitations. This variable reflects the difference between the average birth rate and the average death rate of individuals in a population who are not subjected to external inhibitory effects. This constant reveals the intrinsic growth characteristics of a species population. The parameter K reflects the abundance of available resources within an ecosystem. When the population size K of a species equals K, the population will no longer grow. Therefore, the K value represents the maximum number of individuals of a species that the ecosystem environment can accommodate, also known as the carrying capacity.

According to the logistic equation, we can observe that the relative growth rate of a population is proportional to the remaining resource capacity in the ecological system environment. When the remaining resources are abundant, the relative growth rate of the species population is high. This phenomenon, where the rate of population growth slows as population density gradually increases, is known as density-dependent regulation. As the ecological system capacity K approaches infinity, the growth rate of the population approaches exponential growth, and this change in the population growth curve is known as the logistic curve.

Lotka–Volterra ecological model

In 1925, Lotka introduced a significant model in his research titled “Elements of Physical Biology”, the predator‒prey interaction model. This model quantitatively elucidates the interactions between organisms 10 . In 1926, Volterra, in his study “Variazionie fluttuazioni del numero d’individui in specie animali conviventi,” described the population dynamics of two interacting species in the biological realm 11 . These contributions laid the theoretical foundation for interspecific competition models and significantly influenced the development of modern ecological competition theories.

The interactions between species can be classified into three main types: competitive relationships, predator–prey relationships, and mutualistic cooperation relationships 12 . The Lotka–Volterra model was initially developed to describe predator‒prey relationships. However, with the increasingly widespread application of differential equation theory, this ecological model has evolved to encompass a broader range of applicability.

DPSIR model

In 1993, the research group OECD innovatively proposed the DPSIR model, which is the “driving force-pressure-state-influence-response” model based on previous research models and has since been widely promoted in policy-making and research. Combining the characteristics of both the DSR (Driving Force-State-Response) and PSR frameworks, the DPSIR model effectively reflects causal relationships within systems, integrating elements such as resources, development, environment, and human health. As a result, it is considered a suitable method for evaluating watershed ecological security.

Consistent with the PSR framework, the DPSIR model organizes information and relevant indicators based on causal relationships with the aim of establishing a chain of causality: driving force (D)-pressure (P)-state (S)-impact (I)-response (R). In this context, “Driving Force (D)” primarily refers to potential factors reflecting changes in the health of the water cycle system, such as socioeconomic and population growth. “Pressure (P)” mainly refers to the impacts on the structure and functioning of the water cycle system, such as the utilization of water resources. “State (S)” represents changes in the water cycle system resulting from the combined effects of driving forces and pressures, serving as the starting point for impact and response analysis. “Impact (I)” reflects the effects of the hydrological cycle system on human health and social development. “Response (R)” refers to the feedback provided by the water cycle system to driving forces and pressures.

This model describes the causal chain between activities conducted by humans and the water environment, illustrating the mutually constraining and influencing processes between the two. It can encompass elements such as society, economy, and environment to indicate the threats posed by social, economic, and human activities to watershed ecological security. It can also utilize response indicators to demonstrate the feedback of the environment to society resulting from human activities and their impacts, as shown in Fig. 1 13 .

DPSIR model framework.

Overview of water resource ecological security

Water resources are a vital strategic asset for sustainable development and a key factor influencing human survival and socioeconomic development. The security of water resources is intricately linked to national economies and social stability 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 . As the population and economy grow rapidly, as well as due to the influence of climate change, water scarcity and deterioration of the water environment have become increasingly prevalent, posing a critical constraint to human survival and development 19 . Currently, research on water resource ecological security issues primarily revolves around the following three aspects.

The first aspect involves the evaluation of the water resources carrying capacity (hereafter referred to as the WRCC) and vulnerability.

Regarding the WRCC, some studies consider that the WRCC implies the need for water resources to sustain a healthy societal system 20 . Other researchers argue that the WRCC is the maximum threshold for sustaining human activities 21 .

In terms of calculation methods, various quantification methods for the WRCC have gradually emerged. For example, Qu and Fan 22 considered the available water volume in water demand, national economic sectors and the ecological environment. They employed the traditional trend approach to obtain the population and development scales of industry and agriculture. Zhou Fulei adopted the entropy weight method, an objective weight determination method, to determine the weights of each evaluation indicator, utilized the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to adjust the weights, constructed composite weights, and then used the TOPSIS model to evaluate the water resources carrying capacity of Qingdao city from 2015 to 2021 23 . Ma et al. 24 and Xiong et al. 25 analysed and evaluated the WRCC using the entropy weight method and provided suggestions for regional sustainable development. Wang et al. 26 , under the traditional TOPSIS model, used an improved structural entropy weighting method to determine the weights of evaluation indicators. They then constructed a grey-weighted TOPSIS model using a grey correlation matrix to specifically evaluate the current state of the agricultural WRCC in Anhui Province. Zhang X and Duan X combined the weights obtained from the entropy and CRITIC methods using the geometric mean method. They applied these combined weights to a model integrating grey relational analysis (GRA), the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS), and the coupling coordination degree model (CCDM) to calculate the evaluation value of the water resource carrying capacity 27 . Zhang and Tan 28 and Fu et al. 29 separately used optimization models and projection tracking models to evaluate the WRCC in their study areas and conducted comprehensive assessments of the regional WRCC. Gong and Jin 30 , Meng et al. 31 , Wang et al. 32 , and Gao et al. 33 applied fuzzy comprehensive evaluation methods to assess the influencing factors of the WRCC by establishing a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation matrix. On this basis, they analysed the factors affecting the WRCC and evaluated and predicted the future carrying capacity of water resources in the study area. Additionally, other methods have been employed, such as multidimensional regulation 34 , neural network genetic algorithms 35 , 36 , multi-index evaluation models 37 , and nonparametric analysis models 38 .

Ait-Aoudia and Berezowska-Azzag 39 conducted an assessment of the WRCC to analyse the balance between domestic demand and water supply. To assess the WRCC of specific regions, the assessment factors were determined by evaluating the relevant factors of water usage and availability. The conceptual framework for assessing the capacity of water resources was developed based on the supply–demand relationship. Yan et al. 40 focused on the previous decade’s regional water resource data of Anhui Province in China. They constructed a framework for the Driving Force-Pressure-State-Impact-Response Management (DPSIRM) model and conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the WRCC using the entropy weight method and variable weight theory. Based on the derived comprehensive evaluation values and incorporating the modified Gray–Markov combined forecasting, they made predictions about the local WRCC for the coming years. In 2020, Zhengqian 41 discussed the concept and research methods of regional WRCC. The research methodology has evolved from a singular and static approach to a dynamic, multilevel, and comprehensive study with various indicators. Jiajun et al. 42 , starting from a systemic perspective, studied the coordinated development relationships among China’s economy, social development, ecological environment, and water resources. They applied the WRCC Comprehensive Evaluation Model, calculating the comprehensive evaluation index for specific years based on relevant data. This allowed them to describe the WRCC status of provinces and regions in China, providing a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of China’s WRCC. Ren et al. 43 introduced the concept of biological metabolism to the regional WRCC and proposed the theory of regional water resource metabolism. Additionally, they established an evaluation indicator system for the WRCC considering regional water resource characteristics, socioeconomic systems, and sustainable development principles.

Raskin et al. 44 assessed the extent of water resource security by using the proportion of water extraction relative to the total water resources, defined as the water resource vulnerability index. Rui 45 constructed a water resource vulnerability model based on the theory of mutation series. They utilized the principles of mutation series to redefine grading standards and assessed the vulnerability status of water resources in Shanxi Province from 2004 to 2016. The aim was to offer technical assistance for the scientific management of water resources.

The second aspect involves the measurement of the sustainable utilization and efficiency of regional water resources.

Over the last few years, numerous domestic researchers have actively conducted research on the sustainable utilization of water resources, focusing primarily on two aspects:

First, research on evaluation indicator systems for the sustainable utilization of water resources should be conducted. Li Zhijun, Xiang Yang, and others addressed the lack of connection between water resource ecology and socioeconomic development in traditional water resource ecological footprint methods. They introduced the water resource ecological benefit ratio and analysed the water resource security and sustainable development status through an improved water resource energy value ecological footprint method 46 . Zhang et al. 47 established a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model based on entropy weight, providing recommendations for the sustainable utilization of water resources in Guangxi Province. Liu Miliang, aiming for sustainable development, quantitatively analysed the current situation and influencing factors. Based on the DPSIR model, they established an evaluation system for the sustainable utilization of water resources 48 .

Second, in terms of evaluation methods and research on the sustainable utilization of water resources, Yunling et al. 49 constructed an evaluation indicator system for the WRCC to assess the comprehensive water resource carrying status in Hebei Province. Xuexiu et al. 50 , based on both domestic and international research on water resource pressure theory, analysed the connotation of water resource pressure, introduced commonly used methods for water resource pressure evaluation, and provided a comprehensive overview and comparative analysis of water resource pressure evaluation methods from aspects such as calculation principles, processes, and applications. Guohua et al. 51 established an entropy-based fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model of water resource allocation harmony and evaluated the water resource allocation status of various districts and counties in Xi’an city. Shiklomanov 52 used indicators such as available water resources, industrial and agricultural water usage, and household water consumption to assess water resource security.

The SBM-DEA model was used by Deng et al. 53 to appraise the efficiency of water resource utilization across nearly all provinces in China. They proposed factors influencing water resource utilization efficiency, including the added value of the agricultural sector, per capita water usage, the output-to-pollution ratio of polluting units, and import–export dependency. Yaguai and Lingyan 54 employed a two-stage model combining superefficiency DEA and Tobit to assess water resource efficiency in China from 2004 to 2014. They analysed regional differences and influencing factors. Mei et al. 55 separately used stochastic frontier analysis and data envelopment analysis to measure the absolute and relative efficiencies of water resource utilization in 14 cities in Liaoning Province. They employed a kernel density estimation model to analyse the dynamic evolution patterns of water resource utilization efficiency. Xiong et al. 56 adopted an iterative correction approach to modify and apply water resource utilization efficiency evaluation models based on single assessment methods such as entropy, mean square deviation, and deviation methods.

The third aspect involves investigating the relationship between water resource security and other societal systems.

Shanshan et al. 57 laid the foundation for the rational construction of an urbanization and water resource indicator system. Through the establishment of a dynamic coupled model, they conducted an analytical study on the harmonized development trends between the urbanization system and the water resource system in Beijing. Wei 58 utilized a coordination degree model to explore the coupling relationship between the quality of new urbanization and water resource security in Guangdong Province. Caizhi and Xiaodong 59 combining coupled scheduling models with exploratory spatial data analysis and conducted an analysis of the security conditions and spatial correlations among water resources, energy, and food in China. Additionally, Xia et al. 60 employed the Mann–Kendal test method to study the degrees of matching between water resources and socioeconomic development in six major geographical regions of China.

A review of the relevant literature reveals that scholars have explored the issues of water resource ecological security and regional socioeconomic development from various perspectives and fields, which is one of the urgent problems to be addressed in the current process of social development. These research findings not only have learning and reference significance but also provide insights for the writing of this paper.

Summarizing the achievements of previous research, the essence of water resource security evaluation mainly includes three aspects: ensuring water quantity, sustainability, and water quality. Evaluation methods include principal component analysis, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation methods, analytic hierarchy processes, and system dynamics modelling methods, among others, among which the analytic hierarchy process has certain advantages in addressing multilevel problems and is widely used in constructing multilevel analysis models. Therefore, this paper introduces the Lotka–Volterra biological concept and continues to explore this topic further. It can effectively combine the relationships between indicators and weights and study the competition or symbiotic relationship between two populations competing for ecological resources in the same time and space context 61 . Drawing from the DPSIR model, this study devises a comprehensive evaluation framework to assess the interdependence of socioeconomic factors and water resources. Through the application of the entropy weight method, this study determines the relative importance of various indices within this framework. Employing the Lotka–Volterra symbiotic model, this research scrutinizes and quantifies the ecological security status of water resources in the YRB from 2010 to 2019. The overarching objective is to furnish technical insights that can catalyse efforts to enhance the ecological security of regional water resources.

Methodology

Lotka–Volterra symbiosis model

In the 1940s, A. J. Lotka and V. Volterra jointly introduced the Lotka–Volterra model 62 , which serves as a method for studying the relationships between biological populations. Its basic form is as follows:

In the given equation, \({\text{N}}_{1} \left( {\text{t}} \right), {\text{N}}_{2} \left( {\text{t}} \right)\) denote the populations of species \({\text{S}}_{1}\) and \({\text{S}}_{2}\) , respectively. \({\text{K}}_{1}\) and \({\text{K}}_{2}\) represent the carrying capacities of populations \({\text{S}}_{1}\) and \({\text{S}}_{2}\) in their respective environments. \({\text{r}}_{1}\) and \({\text{r}}_{2}\) represent the growth rates of populations \({\text{S}}_{1}\) and \({\text{S}}_{2}\) , respectively. \(\alpha\) denotes the competitive intensity coefficient of species \({\text{S}}_{2}\) on species \({\text{S}}_{1}\) , while \(\beta\) represents the competitive intensity coefficient of species \({\text{S}}_{1}\) on species \({\text{S}}_{2}\) .

By replacing the socioeconomic relationships within the entire YRB with the provinces within the basin, the Lotka–Volterra model is introduced into the regional water resource ecological security assessment. This allows for the construction of a symbiotic model between socioeconomic factors and water resources within the YRB. The specific formula is as follows:

In the equation, \({\text{F}}\left( {\text{k}} \right)\) denotes the comprehensive socioeconomic development status, \({\text{E}}\left( {\text{k}} \right)\) signifies the comprehensive development status of water resources, \({\text{C}}\) represents the ecological environment, \({\text{r}}_{{\text{F}}}\) signifies the socioeconomic growth rate, \({\text{r}}_{{\text{E}}}\) represents the growth rate of water resources, \(\alpha\) denotes the coefficient of water resources’ impact on the socioeconomy, and \(\beta\) denotes the coefficient of the impact of the socioeconomy on water resources. Therefore, solving for the coefficients \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\) in the model is essential for examining the interaction between the socioeconomy and water resources. The specific steps for solving the equation are as follows.

Discretizing Eqs. ( 4 ), ( 5 ) yields:

The solution is:

Different values of \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\) correspond to different symbiotic relationships between the socioeconomy and water resources, as illustrated in Fig. 2 .

Symbiotic model between the socioeconomic and water resources in the YRB.

Construction of the DPSIR model and indicator system

To construct a water resource ecological security index system for the 10 provinces in the YRB, this paper is based on the research of relevant scholars and introduces the DPSIR model to evaluate water resource ecological security. This model was proposed to describe the concept of environmental systems and the structure of complex cause-and-effect relationships by the European Environment Agency (EEA) in 1999. It is mainly applied in assessments of ecological security, regional sustainable development, and water resource ecological security.

The establishment of the DPSIR model in this paper is illustrated in Fig. 3 .

DPSIR model.

Generally, the driver (D) in the socioeconomic system tends to improve the environmental and resource states (S), while the economic pressure (P) tends to disrupt the resource and environmental states (S). The states of resources and the environment contribute essential production materials to the socioeconomic system. Simultaneously, drivers (D) and pressures (P) reflect two different aspects of socioeconomic development. Therefore, these factors can indicate the level of socioeconomic development. Based on these definitions, the following indicators are selected to assess the DPSIR model for water resource ecological security. The weights of various indicators calculated through the entropy weight method are presented in Table 1 . A more significant role played by the corresponding indicator in the comprehensive assessment of regional ecological security will have a greater weight.

On this basis, the socioeconomic stress index \({\text{S}}_{{\text{F}}} \left( {\text{k}} \right)\) and water resource stress index \({\text{S}}_{{\text{E}}} \left( {\text{k}} \right)\) are defined as follows:

The comprehensive index between socioeconomic and water resources, also called the symbiosis index \({\text{S}}\left( {\text{k}} \right)\) , is calculated as follows:

According to Eq. ( 14 ), \({\text{S}}\left( {\text{k}} \right) \in \left[ { - \sqrt 2 ,\sqrt 2 } \right]\) , a larger value of A indicates that the symbiotic state between the socioeconomy and water resources is better; conversely, a smaller value of A indicates that the symbiotic state between the two is worse.

The water resources force index can illustrate the direction of the socioeconomic impact on water resources, and the symbiotic index can illustrate the magnitude of the socioeconomic impact on water resources. Therefore, these two indices serve as the basis for evaluating the water resource security status. Formula ( 14 ) implies that the symbiotic index \({\text{S}}\left( {\text{k}} \right)\) falls within the range of \(\left[ { - \sqrt 2 ,\sqrt 2 } \right]\) . A larger numerical value indicates a better symbiotic relationship between the two subsystems, while a smaller value suggests a poorer symbiotic relationship. However, the relationship between the symbiotic index and regional ecological security is not straightforward. Regional ecological security must be judged according to specific criteria grounded in both the measure of symbiosis \({\text{S}}\left( {\text{k}} \right)\) and the ecological force index \({\text{S}}_{{\text{E}}} \left( {\text{k}} \right)\) . This approach comprehensively characterizes the ecological security of the YRB urban agglomeration. In our study, a two-dimensional symbiotic model of socioeconomic–natural ecology is employed to depict the evolution of ecological security under dual-characteristic indices.

Within this model, ecological security is divided into six regions that progress in a sequential manner, conforming to the progressive law of ecological security evolution. In the safe zone, the socioeconomic and natural ecological systems mutually benefit, and both experience robust development. In the subsafe zone, although the natural ecological system is still in a growing state, this occurs at the expense of socioeconomic development, leading to an unstable ecological security status. If the socioeconomic system continues to suffer damage, it falls into the sensitive zone, where the harm to the socioeconomic system outweighs the benefits to the natural ecological system. If this condition persists, both systems enter a state of competition, resulting in harm to both, and they are situated in the danger zone. In unfavourable zones, the socioeconomic system gains weak benefits, while the natural economy suffers damage. If humanity recognizes this situation and takes measures to improve the environment, it may transition from the unfavourable zone to the cautious zone, leading to an improvement in ecological security and potential entry into the safe zone. For ease of analysis and based on the relevant literature 63 , following expert discussions, this study classifies ecological security into six categories corresponding to six ecological security early warning levels, as shown in Table 2 .

Discrimination of water resource ecological security levels

The YZR originates from the Qinghai‒Tibet Plateau, considered the “Roof of the World,” traversing three major economic regions before ultimately flowing into the East China Sea. For our study area, we selected the eight provinces and two municipalities through which the YZR flows. These regions are Shanghai, Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Chongqing, Sichuan, Yunnan, and Qinghai. In the subsequent text, they will be referred to collectively as the YRB. The data for this study primarily originate from statistical yearbooks, water resource bulletins, and development reports spanning the years 2010 to 2019.

According to the criteria for water resource security status presented in Table 2 , the corresponding information is summarized in Table 3 for the years 2011 to 2018, indicating the water resource security status in the YRB during this period. It is observed that from 2011 to 2018, the water resources security status in the YRB initially experienced a decline but later recovered to a secure level. In recent years, the country has not only emphasized economic development but also placed significant importance on environmental protection. Rapid industrial development in earlier years led to an exacerbation of water pollution issues. However, the government promptly recognized this problem and implemented a series of measures to address water pollution. Stringent controls were also imposed on industrial water usage. Consequently, the water resource status quickly returned to a level considered safe.

The water resource security evaluation values obtained using the entropy method range from 0 to 1. Ideally, a value closer to 1 indicates a better water resource security situation, while a value closer to 0 suggests a poorer water resource security situation.

After standardizing the processed data, we can plug them into Eq. ( 15 ) to sequentially obtain the basic indices for socioeconomic, ecological environment, and water resource security in the YRB. The specific process involves substituting the basic indices for socioeconomic, ecological environment, and water resource ecological security into Eqs. ( 12 )–( 14 ). This approach yields comprehensive indices, including the socioeconomic stress index, water resource stress index, and symbiotic degree index. These indices serve as the basis for evaluating the water resource security status in the assessment region, with the water resource stress index and symbiotic degree index being the key indicators.

In the equation, f i represents the comprehensive level of water resource ecological security, \({\text{x}}_{{\text{i}}}^{\prime }\) signifies the standardized values obtained from the original data, and \({\text{w}}_{{\text{i}}}\) denotes the weights assigned to each indicator. When the value of f i falls between 0 and 1, the closer the value is to 1, the better the ecological security of water resources. In contrast, it shows a poorer ecological security status. Similarly, according to this equation, the classification of water resource ecological security can be divided into six categories: 0–0.16 denotes a dangerous state, 0.16–0.32 indicates a deteriorating state, 0.32–0.48 signifies a sensitive state, 0.48–0.64 represents a vigilant state, 0.64–0.8 implies a subsecure state, and 0.8–1.0 corresponds to a safe state. Different levels of water resource ecological security entail varying relationships with the national economy and society. For specific characteristics corresponding to each security level, please refer to Table 4 .

Informed consent statement

Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.

Evaluation of water resource ecological security levels in the Yangtze River Basin

Overall, the evaluation values of water resource security in the YRB from 2010 to 2019 showed a fluctuating upwards trend (refer to Table 5 ). From 2010 to 2013, the evaluation values fluctuated between 0.2 and 0.4, reaching the lowest level at Grade V. In 2011, the evaluation value was only 0.2201, indicating that during this period, the water resources in the YRB were in an unsafe state, resulting in water scarcity. These results indicate that economic and social development are not being met on a sustainable basis at the watershed scale. In 2014, the water resource security evaluation value for the YRB reached 0.4243, classified as Grade III. Subsequently, there was a significant upwards trend, with the evaluation value reaching 0.6746 in 2017, which was classified as Grade II, indicating a relatively secure state. These results suggest that the water resources of the YRB appeared to be more secure than they were before, and the YRB could essentially fulfil the requirements for sustainable economic and social development at the national level. This upwards trend continued, reaching 0.7215 in 2019. From 2010 to 2019, the water resource security status in the YRB improved from Grade V to Grade II, demonstrating significant improvement. However, it has not yet reached Grade I, indicating that there is still room for improvement in the future.

The DPSIR model was used to analyse the reasons for the improvement in the ecological security of water resources in the YRB based on five criteria. Table 5 shows that the evaluation values for driving forces significantly increased from 2010 to 2019, while the values for pressure and response slightly increased, and those for state and impact fluctuated, resulting in a slight overall improvement. Specifically, the evaluation values for driving forces fluctuated from 0.0543 to 0.2370, indicating the significant contributions of indicators such as per capita GDP, the proportion of primary industry, population density, and the urbanization rate to the enhancement of water resource security. The assurance provided by economic and social development for water resource security is evident. The evaluation value for pressure fluctuated from 0.0403 to 0.1149, suggesting a reduction in pressure on water resources from economic development, agricultural and industrial production, and residents' lifestyles, leading to a decrease in basin water pollution and an alleviation of water quality deterioration. The response increased from 0.0527 to 0.1665, indicating relatively significant growth. These results suggest that measures taken by the government and society to address water resource issues have been effective, resulting in improvements in both the quantity and quality of water resources and an enhancement of water resource security levels. The evaluation value for impact fluctuated from 0.0261 to 0.0349, indicating a standardized industrial wastewater discharge volume and an improvement in water resource security conditions. The evaluation value for state initially decreased from 0.1633 to a minimum of 0.0656 before increasing to approximately 0.17. These results suggest that, considering indicators such as per capita sewage discharge and per capita water consumption, the status of water resources initially declined but gradually improved after governance measures were implemented.

In summary, from 2010 to 2019, the improvement in water resource security in the YRB can be attributed mainly to the enhancement of driving forces and response indicators. Economic and social development has provided ample assurance for water resource security, while water resources have imposed constraints on economic and social development to a certain extent. In the YRB, the current governance of water resources has reached a relatively high level, making it challenging to achieve significant breakthroughs in the future. The efficiency of water use in the existing industrial structure is difficult to substantially improve. Therefore, adjusting the industrial structure to enhance water resource security is a future research focus. These findings align with the conclusions of other domestic scholars. For instance, a study by Xiaotao and Fa-wen 64 revealed that water consumption per unit of production energy and agricultural production in the YRB contributed the same proportion of GDP. They argued that future water conservation efforts should focus on adjusting industrial structures and developing water-saving technologies. Another study by Wang Hao revealed that the water resource utilization efficiency in the YRB was second only to that in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region 65 . These authors suggested that the potential for mitigating the contradiction between water supply and demand through deep water conservation is limited.

According to the above methods and steps, further calculations were conducted to determine the water resource ecological security status of each province in the YRB from 2010 to 2019, as shown in Tables 6 and 7 . Information gleaned from Tables 6 and 7 suggests that the overall improvement in the water resource ecological security status of each province in the YRB from 2010 to 2019 was significant. There was a discernible improvement from 2014 to 2015, with a clear boundary line. Before 2015, the water resources in most areas were relatively sensitive, and some regions even experienced deterioration. However, after 2015, almost all areas reached subsafe or safe states.

Calculation results of the water resource security status of each province in the YRB from 2010 to 2019.

Trends in water resource ecological security in the Yangtze River Basin

According to Eq. ( 15 ), and by empirically examining the ecological status of water resources in the YRB from 2010 to 2019, the comprehensive levels of the ecological environment, socioeconomic development, and water resources in ten provinces of the YRB were obtained, as shown in Fig. 4 .

Development of the basic indices in the YRB.

The information gleaned from Table 4 suggests that the economic development in the YRB from 2010 to 2019 showed a positive trend, increasing from 0.09 to 0.35. This increase is attributed to the favourable current economic development environment and robust support from national directives. Policies such as the 2013 “Guiding Opinions on Building China’s New Economic Support Belt Based on the Yangtze River”, the 2018 speech at the Symposium on Deepening the Development of the YZR Economic Belt, the “Development Plan for the Huaihe River Ecological Economic Belt”, and the 2019 “Outline of the Development Plan for the Regional Integration of the Yangtze River Delta” have played crucial roles in driving industrial restructuring and achieving quality economic development in the YRB.

The ecological environment comprehensive level in the YRB exhibited a fluctuating development trend from 2010 to 2019, resembling an “M” shape, increasing from 0.24 to 0.37 with a relatively small amplitude. Ecological civilization construction, as a fundamental national policy, has provided important guidance for the economic development of the YRB. This development includes intensified efforts in the treatment of industrial pollutants and urban wastewater, along with increased levels of regional afforestation and greenery. Notably, significant improvements were observed in indicators such as per capita park green space, the urban green space ratio, and the harmless disposal of waste in the YRB in 2015.

The comprehensive level of water resources in the YRB increased slightly from 0.19 to 0.20 from 2010 to 2019. Although there was an upwards trend, the magnitude of the increase was minimal, indicating an unfavourable water resource status in the YRB. The primary factor in this slight increase is the accelerated consumption of water resources. As a part of the ecological environment, a decrease in the comprehensive level of water resources is also an important factor restricting the overall improvement of the ecological environment. In future development, the YRB should leverage favourable national policies to promote breakthrough development in the regional economy. Simultaneously, efforts should be intensified towards the protection and management of regional water resources and the ecological environment, striving to enhance the comprehensive level of water resources and the ecological environment.

Based on the previously calculated comprehensive socioeconomic, ecological environment, and water resource levels, the stress indices for socioeconomic and water resources, as well as the symbiotic index for the YRB during the years 2010–2019, were computed, and the results are presented in Fig. 5 .

Development status of comprehensive indices in the YRB.

Figure 5 clearly shows that, except for the years 2012, 2014, and 2016, the impact of water resources on the socioeconomy remained consistently positive, indicating that during this period, water resources positively contributed to economic growth. The water resources force index has been consistently positive in recent years, signifying the promotion by socioeconomic development, with a relatively minor hindrance from socioeconomic development during this period. The symbiotic index values between the two factors were 1.05, 1.24, 1.40, 1.26, and 1.07 in the years 2011, 2013, 2015, 2017, and 2018, respectively, reaching an optimal state of mutual benefit and symbiosis. However, a slight decline was observed in subsequent years, suggesting the need for further improvement.

Spatial pattern analysis of water resource ecological security in the Yangtze River Basin

Using the ArcGIS10.4 tool, which is provided by the Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc (commonly known as ESRI), several representative years were selected to visualize the ecological security status of water resources in the YRB. The computational results are visualized in Figs. 6 , 7 and 8 .

Ecological security status of water resources in the YRB in 2011(map were generated with software ArcMap10.4 http://www.esri.com/ ).

According to the division standards for administrative regions along the YZR in 2014, the YRB studied in this paper can be categorized into three main regions: the upper, middle, and lower reaches. The upper reach includes three provinces: Qinghai, Sichuan, and Yunnan. The middle reach comprises four provinces and municipalities: Chongqing, Hunan, Hubei, and Jiangxi. The lower reach consists of three provinces and municipalities: Anhui, Jiangsu, and Shanghai.

Figures 6 , 7 and 8 show that from 2011 to 2019, the overall ecological security status of water resources in the YRB transitioned from “deteriorating,” “sensitive,” and “vigilant” states to “subsecure” and “safe” states. The range of comprehensive evaluation values for water resource ecological security (hereafter referred to as evaluation values) increased from 0.16–0.64 to 0.64–1.

As illustrated in Fig. 6 , notable disparities were present in the distribution of the ecological security status of water resources among provinces and municipalities in the YRB, with the ecological security status of water resources in the upper and lower reaches of the YZR notably superior to that in the middle reaches. The data indicate that the water resource utilization efficiency levels in the upper and lower reaches of the YZR were greater than that in the middle reaches in 2011, exhibiting a pattern of high efficiency at both ends and lower efficiency in the middle. Regions with high comprehensive water resource utilization efficiency are mainly concentrated in the upper and lower reaches of the YZR.

Although the upstream regions have limited economic strength, they also have relatively fewer water-intensive industries. Meanwhile, these regions actively respond to green development policies and prioritize energy conservation and environmental protection industries. Underdeveloped regions can also achieve higher water resource efficiency by controlling total water consumption and improving the output of water per unit used.

The areas with low comprehensive utilization efficiency of water resources are primarily concentrated in the middle reaches of the YZR, where the proportions of traditional industries such as steel, chemicals, and nonferrous metals are relatively large, leading to high industrial water consumption and consequently the lowest efficiency in water resource utilization. Provinces such as Hunan and Hubei, with large populations and rapid economic development, exhibit high demands for water resources, resulting in increased regional water resource consumption and persistently high per capita sewage discharge indicators.

The downstream regions of the YZR boast strong economic progress, with high levels of industrial technological innovation and governance capabilities. This region exhibits the highest level of economic development, which can drive improvements in the utilization efficiency of water resources. Consequently, Shanghai and Jiangsu provinces have the highest water resource utilization efficiency. As a result, the ecological security status of water resources in Shanghai has improved rapidly.

As shown in Fig. 7 , in 2015, the overall ecological security status of water resources notably improved in the YRB. The fundamental reason for this improvement is that in recent years, regions across the basin have recognized the importance of the ecological environment for overall development. They have gradually undertaken regional industrial restructuring and upgrading and accelerated urbanization and simultaneously emphasized the preservation of water resources and the environment. The three major regions exhibit regional disparities in water resource utilization efficiency due to differences in geographical environment, economic foundation, and industrial structure. In terms of the total water consumption of each province and municipality, agricultural water usage accounts for more than half of the total water consumption, which is significantly greater than the water usage in the industrial, domestic, and ecological sectors. However, compared to other industries' output values, the overall water resource utilization efficiency in agriculture is lower. Therefore, regions with greater proportions of primary industry output tend to have lower water resource utilization efficiency.

Ecological security status of water resources in the YRB in 2015(map were generated with software ArcMap10.4 http://www.esri.com/ ).

The industrialization level in the upstream regions is relatively low, with relatively outdated production technologies. As industrialization progresses, the negative impact on water resources' ecological security is gradually increasing. The industrialization in the middle and lower reaches of the YZR has reached relatively high levels. Control measures have been gradually implemented to manage the resource consumption and environmental pollution generated during the industrial development process. With advancements in technology, the negative impact on water resource ecological security is gradually diminishing. Among these provinces, Hunan Province and Hubei Province in the middle reaches of the YZR experienced the greatest increases in water resource ecological security status, transitioning from “deteriorating” to “subsecure.” The regions in the middle reaches emphasize considering the resource and environmental carrying capacity to ensure the coordination between water resource allocation and regional sustainable development, achieving rational distribution and efficient utilization of water resources within the region.

The lower reaches of the YZR are characterized by developed economies, advanced technologies, and high levels of both urbanization efficiency and water resource efficiency, maintaining harmonious development. This region exhibits the strongest economic development and hosts the highly integrated YZR Delta urban agglomeration. With a solid foundation in secondary and tertiary industries, high levels of technological innovation, and openness, the overall ecological security status of water resources in this region is at a relatively high level.

Across the provinces and municipalities in the YRB, efforts have been intensified to control the discharge of pollutants such as phosphorus, leading to reduced pollutant emissions and improved water quality. Moreover, improvements in water resource allocation have been made, reducing the risks associated with pollution factors through increased water volume and dilution effects, thereby ensuring the supply and safety of drinking water downstream of Shanghai. The stable proportion of GDP in the YZR Economic Belt indicates a balanced relationship between economic development and the ecological protection of water resources. While maintaining economic growth, downstream cities also prioritize environmental protection and water resource management.

Figure 8 clearly shows that the overall ecological security status of water resources in the YRB has been developing at an accelerated pace, trending towards overall coordinated development by 2019, with mutual promotion between socioeconomic and water resources. This trend can be attributed to various factors. This positive influence is exemplified in agricultural water use efficiency, which has improved in recent years due to various factors, such as changes in agricultural production methods, organizational structures, cropping patterns, and water-saving practices. As a result, the negative impact of the proportion of the output value of the primary industry on water resource efficiency has been mitigated.

Ecological security status of water resources in the YRB in 2019(map were generated with software ArcMap10.4 http://www.esri.com/ ).

However, despite efforts, China still faces serious water pollution issues, with poor water environmental quality and significant pollution discharge loads from industrial, agricultural, and domestic sources. These factors pose severe challenges to the ecological security of water resources. To address these challenges, China has formulated a series of plans aimed at strengthening water pollution prevention and control and ensuring national water resource ecological security. These plans were officially announced and implemented after 2015.

Based on the analysis results, each province and city in the YRB should embrace a people-centred approach to new urbanization and the scientific development concept of water resource protection and utilization. While focusing on promoting new urbanization construction, efforts should be intensified to enhance ecological environmental protection and explore new paths for coordinated regional economic development and resource utilization. Provinces and cities should rely on the golden waterway of the YZR to establish cross-regional and cross-provincial basin cooperation mechanisms and long-term mechanisms, actively promoting coordinated development among the three major regions of the YRB.

Against the backdrop of the global environmental crisis, the Lancang-Mekong River, as Asia’s largest transboundary river, also faces certain water security issues. Specifically, the “status” of water resources is relatively low, as manifested by the polluted state of the water quality of the river. Additionally, factors such as the uneven distribution of precipitation within the year and the weakness of storage facilities such as wetlands and reservoirs contribute to seasonal water shortages and serious water disasters in the basin. Moreover, the response levels of basin countries are limited, and there is room for improvement in the level of water resource management. Countries in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin are in a stage of rapid economic and social development, and population growth, economic activities, and changes in land use (such as urbanization) will have direct or indirect impacts on water resources in the basin. The Ganges River Basin faces similar ecological and environmental problems. In recent years, India’s economic prosperity and urbanization process have had significant impacts on the Ganges River Basin. Soil erosion and insufficient drinking water under population pressure have plagued the people of the Ganges River Basin. Additionally, the serious problem of surface water pollution caused by the discharge of industrial and domestic wastewater has led to a certain degree of land salinization.

Climate change, land use, human consumption of water resources, and government management of water resources are all factors that can directly or indirectly affect the water security situation in a region. Given that the Lancang-Mekong River spans China and five Southeast Asian countries, its water resource ecological security is particularly influenced by socioeconomic factors. Therefore, we believe that the methods we propose are equally applicable to the evaluation of water resource ecological security in this basin. By introducing the Lotka–Volterra symbiotic model and using the DPSIR model to construct a system of evaluation indicators for the symbiosis between socioeconomic factors and water resources in the study area, this system will help us to thoroughly assess the water resource ecological security of the Lancang-Mekong River Basin and provide a scientific basis for the implementation of region-specific water security strategies. These approaches are highly important for promoting regional sustainable development and maintaining basin ecological security.

Research has revealed that over a decade ago, the water resource ecological security status in the YRB initially fell within a relatively poor range. However, with close attention from the government and the implementation of various regulations, as well as active participation from the public in protecting the YZR, the water resource ecological security status in the YRB has improved rapidly. It is now generally maintained at levels of safety or near safety, with prospects for further improvement in the future. Comprehensive analysis of data from 2010 to 2019 revealed continuous trends in improvement in water resource security. To further enhance water resource security, we propose the following recommendations:

The industrial structure should be adjusted to achieve sustainable utilization of water resources. Governments should strongly support the green economy and environmental protection industries by providing tax incentives for enterprises, encouraging them to invest in water resource management and protection projects. By establishing corresponding financial funds and reward mechanisms, more social forces can be guided to participate, achieving a mutually beneficial outcome for water resource security and economic development. The Chinese government has called for all citizens to actively respond to carbon peak and carbon neutrality strategies and has formulated specific and feasible emission reduction plans. Enterprises are encouraged to adopt clean production technologies to improve resource utilization efficiency and achieve carbon emission reduction goals. There should be a focus on strengthening sewage resource utilization, integrating atypical water sources into unified water resource allocation, and encouraging locations with the necessary conditions to fully utilize unconventional water sources. Water-deficient cities should actively expand the scale and scope of recycled water utilization. The principles of demand-driven supply, water quality division, and local utilization should be followed to promote the use of recycled water in industrial production, municipal miscellaneous use, land greening, ecological replenishment, and other areas.

Focusing on agricultural water use and preventing water source pollution. As one of the main rice-producing regions in China, to further enhance water resource security in the YRB, agricultural measures should be taken. With respect to water conservation, water-saving irrigation techniques combined with smart irrigation systems should be adopted to achieve precise irrigation and improve water resource utilization efficiency. Moreover, enhancing rainwater collection and utilization by establishing rainwater collection systems and storing water for agricultural irrigation can effectively utilize rainwater resources and alleviate irrigation pressure during the dry season.

Agricultural pesticide use is also an issue that cannot be ignored. Excessive use and improper handling of pesticides can often lead to serious water pollution, posing a threat to the water resource security of the YRB. To address this issue, we need to strengthen pesticide use management, promote scientific pesticide application techniques, reduce excessive pesticide use, raise farmers' environmental awareness to prevent pesticide waste from being directly discharged into water bodies, and strengthen water quality monitoring and treatment to promptly detect and address pesticide pollution problems.

Improve people’s education level and strengthen environmental awareness. As people's living standards and education levels improve, concerns about ecological water security have increased, and higher demands are being placed on water safety and quality. The incomplete assessment and mismanagement of water resources, coupled with wasteful practices, have led to water resources becoming uncontrollable variables. Recognizing, measuring, and expressing the value of water and incorporating it into decision-making processes are particularly important against the backdrop of increasingly scarce water resources, population growth, and the pressures of climate change. It is essential to achieve sustainable and equitable water resource management and meet the development goals of the United Nations' 2030 Agenda.

Actively participate in international ecological construction. According to Maximo Torero of the FAO, strengthening water resource protection and management requires enhanced cooperation among countries, the integration of various stakeholders' interests, multipronged approaches, and the consideration of social, economic, and environmental factors. It also involves a focus on technology, legal frameworks, and overall policy environments. We recommend that governments actively engage in international cooperation projects, sharing experiences and technologies in managing water resources in the YRB while drawing lessons from successful ecological initiatives in other countries. Such cross-border collaboration can foster global ecological sustainability, address global environmental issues collectively, share innovative technologies and research achievements, and achieve global governance of ecological environments.

Data availability

Our data is sourced from the provincial data in the China Statistical Yearbooks from 2011 to 2019 published by the National Bureau of Statistics of China ( https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/ndsj/ ), as well as the Water Resources Bulletins ( http://www.mwr.gov.cn/sj/tjgb/szygb/ ). Figures 6 , 7 , and 8 were created by us using ArcGIS 10.4 software, which is provided by the Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (commonly known as ESRI). Our vector boundary data and the Yangtze River data are sourced from the National Catalogue Service For Geographic Information ( www.webmap.cn ), using the 1:1,000,000 public version of basic geographic information data (2021). The tiled data is processed according to GB/T 13989-2012 “National Fundamental Scale Topographic Map Tiling and Numbering”.

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This research was supported by the Project of Social Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. 22TQC005).

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Jie-Rong Zhou, Xiao-Qing Li, Xin Yu & Tian-Cheng Zhao

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Zhou, JR., Li, XQ., Yu, X. et al. Exploring the ecological security evaluation of water resources in the Yangtze River Basin under the background of ecological sustainable development. Sci Rep 14 , 15475 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-65781-z

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During RNC and DNC, peaceful protests show American democracy at its best | Opinion

Neither of our organizations should have to resort to litigation to get a parade route near delegates and others gathering for the convention..

The right to free expression — to march and protest — is etched into our First Amendment and the minds of most Americans. It is not simply words or an emblem for people to display and celebrate in the abstract. Free expression and freedom of speech create a space for people to demand policy change and enrich our culture. The protections against government limitations on speech and expression have spurred a rich tradition over the decades. In short, it has made America better.

In the coming weeks, our home cities of Milwaukee and Chicago will have a unique opportunity to host the national political conventions. As the leaders of the American Civil Liberties Unions of Wisconsin and Illinois, we want to remind the leaders of our two great cities that the conventions come with a responsibility to continue the tradition of respecting free expression and to elevate and protect those who wish to protest.

Like our country, the ACLU was founded with a commitment to protecting the right to protest. For more than 100 years, the fight for freedom of speech has been a bedrock of the ACLU’s mission. The organization was founded on protecting the constitutional rights of conscientious objectors and anti-war protesters. This work has continued; regardless of political message or party, the public has a right to protest.

RNC and DNC will provide outlets for free speech, free expression

The national political conventions every four years provide an outlet for a great deal of speech and expression on issues of concern to people from the host cities and around the country. Yet, public officials regularly attempt to limit free expression in and around the conventions. In recent years, our ACLU colleagues have advocated – often having to go to court – in Boston, New York, Tampa, Philadelphia, and other locations hosting the RNC or DNC to ensure the ability of protestors to be present within sight and sound of delegates to the convention. Because of this work, protests and demonstrations have been heard in these cities and elsewhere, with messages on various issues reflecting the entire ideological spectrum.

Soft bookings are worrying. Will RNC be a bust for Milwaukee local businesses?

In this spirit, we call on Milwaukee and Chicago officials to recognize the importance of free expression—especially when too many question fundamental democratic and constitutional values—and make appropriate accommodations for protestors. Both the ACLU of Wisconsin and of Illinois have already filed lawsuits in our respective cities after officials tried to limit the areas where protestors could be heard by convention attendees. At the ACLU, we are committed to supporting the right to protest throughout the weeks of the conventions.

Those who come to our cities to demonstrate also must be able to exercise their right to free expression without fear of police brutality or abusive tactics. Police should only make arrests when necessary. Because we know the history of law enforcement using inappropriate and excessive force on communities of color, including Black, Brown, the LGBTQ+ community, and immigrant communities, the need for restraint in police response is imperative. Moreover, arresting peaceful protestors is likely to escalate, not calm, tensions during the conventions.

Local officials play important role in protecting First Amendment rights

Local officials can reduce tensions and advance public safety by making clear that demonstrators can access areas within sight and sound of convention participants. Neither of our organizations should have to resort to litigation to get a parade route near delegates and others gathering for the convention.

More: Trump presidential immunity ruling shows we've learned nothing from history

Leaders should use this moment to remind us that free expression and protest are critical to our national dialogue and a historical necessity in a free society. We must protect the right to dissent, as it is the ultimate form of preservation of democracy. In this crucial moment, we must protect the rights of all.

As the conventions approach, we look forward to the impassioned protests and exchange of ideas that will undoubtedly happen in our cities in the coming weeks and months. The conventions are a moment to hold our elected officials accountable to the idea that “ we the people ” means all of us. We will stand with those seeking to demonstrate.

Melinda Brennan is executive director of the American Civil Liberties Union of Wisconsin. Colleen Connell is executive director of the American Civil Liberties Union of Illinois.

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10 Line Speech About Nature. Nature comprises both the biotic and abiotic elements of our natural surroundings. It gives us access to trees, water, and air, all of which are necessary for survival. The chirping of insects, the humming of bugs, and the rustling of leaves are signs of nature that calm our spirits and free our minds.
Speech About Nature: 3 Minutes Speech About Nature for Children
Speech About Nature in English for Students. We are surrounded by nature. It encompasses everything from lovely brooks to high mountains, plateaus to plains, animals, birds, and even us humans. Nature gives all living things on earth, including humans, animals, and other species, a place to dwell. Humans are a component of nature.
Speech about Nature [Short & Long]
A speech about nature is an opportunity to raise awareness about the importance of preserving our natural world and to celebrate its wonders. In this blog, we have provided 5 speech about nature that cover various various topics and ideas, including the benefits of conservation, the beauty and diversity of wildlife, the impact of human ...
2 Minute Speech On The Importance Of Nature In English
Nature controls the entire respiration cycle. Trees provide us with the oxygen we breathe, and they also take in the carbon dioxide we exhale. The ecosystem in nature is a group of organisms that depend on one another for survival, including producers (plants), consumers, and decomposers. Earth can support life thanks to key natural processes ...
The Power of Nature
The narrative of nature's fragility misses something important. Nature has agency. Nature acts on the planet on a scale that dwarfs most human processes. The Earth's powerful climate system is a case in point. The impact it has on every person in the world makes clear one basic fact : We are small, we are fragile, we are the ones at risk.
Importance of nature
Wild child: importance of nature to children . Children especially have a natural affinity with nature. Evidence is growing of how regular contact with nature boosts new born children's healthy development, supports their physical and mental health and instils abilities to assess risk as they grow. It even underpins their informal learning ...
Short Speech on Nature in English for Students and Children
Understanding the importance of nature can help us to help nature. We as students should come together and should plant more trees instead of cutting it. We should also save water and don't wastewater. More awareness should be spread among the people through rallies, posters, and placards. So, my dear friends, we should all learn to love ...
Nature Essay for Students and Children
500+ Words Nature Essay. Nature is an important and integral part of mankind. It is one of the greatest blessings for human life; however, nowadays humans fail to recognize it as one. Nature has been an inspiration for numerous poets, writers, artists and more of yesteryears. This remarkable creation inspired them to write poems and stories in ...
Speech on Save Environment in English For Students
Short Speech. Good morning to all. Today, I am going to give a short speech on saving the environment. We are all aware of how the environment is important to us. We cannot afford to harm the environment any longer. In today's modern world, our planet earth is affected significantly. However, if we want to live in harmony with nature, we ...
5 Minute Speech on Nature in English for Students
October 11, 2023by radhikakumari001. Nature is what we see around us excluding man-made creation. It is the sky, the trees, the wind, the clouds, and others. We should take good care of nature. We shouldn't pollute our nature which is seen very often in today's world where people are ignorant of how important nature really is in the cycle ...
Speech about Nature for Students and Children in English
Speech about Nature. The candidates who have to deliver a speech on the topic "Nature" might get confused about how to frame the speech.It is of utmost importance that you finalise the structure of the speech and then contemplate the content accordingly. The speech must be very direct, simple, and well-spoken to make it easy to understand.
Reconnect with nature!
Reconnect with nature! Be inspired to go out and rediscover the wonders of the natural world with these talks that will give you a deeper understanding of where the wild things grow. Watch now. Add to list. 15:42. Emma Marris. Nature is everywhere -- we just need to learn to see it.
Speech on Save Nature
1-minute Speech on Save Nature. Ladies and Gentlemen, boys and girls, the world is our home. It is a gift of nature. Yet, we sometimes forget to look after it. We should care for it like a precious gift, just like we care for our favorite toys or books. Look around. You see trees, rivers, animals, birds, and the clear sky.
Speech on Nature Conservation
Speech on Nature Conservation. Nature conservation is like a big umbrella, shielding all the beautiful creatures, plants, and landscapes from harm. It's about keeping our world healthy, vibrant, and diverse. You play a vital part in this grand mission, even if it feels like a tiny role sometimes.
Importance of nature
The most important contribution of nature to human life is, of course, food. It would be impossible to continue to survive on the planet if we did not get nutrition from the planet itself. Imagine if there was no nature around us. That would mean no crops would grow, no animals would roam, and no trees would be there to bear fruits and flowers.
One planet for people and nature
06 Sep 2021 Speech Nature Action. One planet for people and nature. Photo by Nick Fewings/ Unsplash. Speech delivered by: Inger Andersen. Speech prepared for delivery at 'The One Planet Summit delivers for biodiversity'. I am honoured to address you on behalf of the United Nations today. Humanity's pursuit of growth and profit at all ...
Speech on Nature Is The Best Teacher
Essay on Nature Is The Best Teacher; 2-minute Speech on Nature Is The Best Teacher. Ladies and Gentlemen, Today, I stand before you to talk about a wonderful friend, a silent guide, and a wise teacher - Nature. Just like a tree with deep roots, nature stands strong and teaches us many valuable lessons. Let's look at some of these lessons.
Speech on Nature in simple and easy words
Speech on Nature - 3. Respected Principal, Respected Teachers and My Dear Friends, Today, this special assembly is organized to celebrate one of the most important day called Nature's Day. Today, we all are going to plant trees as many as we can in our surroundings. But before this, I would like to deliver a speech in respect of Mother Nature.
Unlocking the secrets of adaptive parental speech
This underscores the importance of larger sequences in early language learning." The study's findings are particularly relevant for understanding how natural language input adjusts in response to ...
Exploring the ecological security evaluation of water ...
The Yangtze River (hereafter referred to as the YZR), the largest river in China, is of paramount importance for ensuring water resource security. The Yangtze River Basin (hereafter referred to as ...
Babar Awan & Omer Ayub Important Press Conference Outside ATC ...
Babar Awan & Omer Ayub Important Press Conference Outside ATC | Pakistan News | babar awan | babar awan latest | babar awans media talk | babar awan press co...
Ideas about Nature
Video playlists about Nature. 11 talks. A playbook for protecting the planet. Celebrate nature and Earth's biodiversity with these action-driven ideas that will inspire you to protect the climate for the generations to come. 6 talks. TED Talks for bird enthusiasts. Bird's the word on this collection of TED Talks that spotlights our fascinating ...
When the RNC in Milwaukee starts, expect protests. That's US democracy
Free expression and freedom of speech create a space for people to demand policy change and enrich our culture. The protections against government limitations on speech and expression have spurred ...
Assessing Materiality: Focusing on the Reasonable Investor When
Individuals consulted should have appropriate levels of knowledge, competence, judgment, and authority. The nature of the arrangements for consultation depends on a number of factors, including the size of the firm and the levels of knowledge, competence, and judgment possessed by the persons performing the work."
Some transgender and nonbinary people may want to change their ...
Gender-affirming vocal coaches have backgrounds in speech therapy, vocal performance or other types of vocal practices, and use their expertise to help people change the quality of their voices in ...
NCUA Chairman Todd M. Harper's Remarks at the 2024 Diversity, Equity
Well, former First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt perhaps put it best, in a 1948 speech before United Nations delegates, when she said quote, "[A] society in which there is widespread economic insecurity can turn freedom into a barren and vapid right[.]" 1 Her call for an equitable economy as a foundation for true liberty still resonates today.