Source: (Mondrian, 1935/1942)
Mondrian, P. (1935/ 1942). [Painting]. Google Arts and Culture.
From by P. Mondrian, 1935/1942, Google Arts and Culture. Copyright Vidal Sassoon
Mondrian, P. (1935/ 1942). [Painting]. Google Arts and Culture.
If you created an image and used it in your assessment, you are required to caption it, even though it’s your own creation.
Your caption should include:
You do NOT need to include a copyright attribution.
However, you should make it clear in the text of your assessment that the image was created by you.
Again, the majority of images you find are under copyright and cannot be used without permission from the creator. There are exceptions with Fair Use, but this Libguide is intended to help you locate images you can use with attribution (and in some case, the images are free to use without attribution when stated, such as with stock images from pixabay). ***Please read about public domain . These images aren't under copyright, but it's still good practice to include attribution if the information is available. Attribution : the act of attributing something, especially the ascribing of a work (as of literature or art) to a particular author or artist. When you have given proper attribution, it means you have given the information necessary for people to know who the creator of the work is.
Include as much of the information below when citing images in a paper and formal presentations. Apply the appropriate citation style (see below for APA, MLA examples).
Currently, citing images in PPT is a bit of the Wild West. If details aren't provided by an instructor, there are a number of ways to cite. What's most important is that if the image is not a free stock image, you give credit to the author for the work. Here are some options:
1. Some sites, such as Creative Commons and Wikimedia, include the citation information with the image. Use that citation when available. Copy the citation and add under the image. For example, an image of a lake from Creative Commons has this citation next to it: "lake" by barnyz is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 .
2. Include a marker, such as Image 1. or Figure 1., and in the reference section, include full citation information with the corresponding number
3. Include a complete citation (whatever the required format, such as APA) below the image
4. Below the image, include the link to the online image location
5. Hyperlink the title of the image with the online image location
In some of the assignments, you may find it practical to add a table or an image. In addition, you may need to include an appendix at the end of your writing. Both figures and appendices help to convey data to the reader in a more detailed or visual form. Use this guide to understand how to create and properly integrate tables, images, and appendices in your paper.
A table puts numerical or textual information into rows and columns. You may use tables if you need to give precise values for complex structured data. It is possible to create a table using Microsoft Word, where you may either insert table and enter the desired number of rows and columns, or draw table by dragging the pencil to make horizontal, vertical, and diagonal lines. In addition, a table may be copied from the original source. Each table should have:
Factors contributing to nurses’ involvement in setting health policy
Note : Reprinted from Shariff, N. (2014). Factors that act as facilitators and barriers to nurse leaders’ participation in health policy development. BMC Nursing, 13(20) . doi:10.1186/1472-6955-13-20
“The factors contributing to greater involvement of nurses in the development of health policy and agenda setting can be seen in Table 1.”
Table 1 The factors contributing to nurses’ involvement in setting health policy
Round 1 (n=34) | Round 2 (n=24) | ||
PA | M | SD | |
Nurse leaders must have experience in the health policy development process | 96% | 1.67 | 0.76 |
Note : Reprinted from Shariff, N. (2014). The factors that act as facilitators and barriers to nurse leaders’ participation in health policy development. BMC Nursing, 13(20) . doi:10.1186/1472-6955-13-20
Use a graph or an image to present a specific object or a drawing within the body of your work. Figures should add to the reader’s understanding of the content of a paper. An image or a graph may be copied from the original source. All figures must be of good quality, informative, and fit on one page. An image should have a number, a title, and a full reference citation.
An appendix includes supplemental materials that are inappropriate for the body of the paper as they may distract a reader. For example, these may be questionnaires or surveys, raw statistical data, or interview transcripts. The information presented in an appendix is not required to understand the main argument of your work. Therefore, an appendix or appendices should be presented at the end of your work after a Works Cited or References page.
“For additional information about the statistical data, see Appendix A.”
To sum up, tables, images, and appendices may help you to provide a comprehensive representation of the data, as well as give readers additional information about the topic. This guide has discussed how to create and integrate each one of these features into your paper. In addition, it has explained how to properly format tables, figures, and appendices according to the rules of APA style.
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Image reproduced from a magazine or journal, image reproduced from a website.
Reproducing Images, Charts, Tables & Graphs
Reproducing happens when you copy or recreate an image, table, graph or chart that is not your original creation. If you reproduce one of these works in your assignment, you must create a note underneath the image, chart, table or graph to show where you found it. You do not include this information in a Reference list.
Citing Information From an Image, Chart, Table or Graph
If you refer to information from an image, chart, table or graph, but do not reproduce it in your paper, create a citation both in-text and on your Reference list.
If the information is part of another format, for example a book, magazine article, encyclopedia, etc., cite the work it came from. For example if information came from a table in an article in National Geographic magazine, you would cite the entire article.
If you are only making a passing reference to a well known image, you would not have to cite it, e.g. describing someone as having a Mona Lisa smile.
Figure Numbers
Each image you reproduce should be assigned a figure number, starting with number 1 for the first image used in the assignment.
Images may not have a set title. If this is the case give a description of the image where you would normally put the title.
Copyright Information
When reproducing images, include copyright information in the citation if it is given, including the year and the copyright holder. Copyright information on a website may often be found at the bottom of the home page.
Note: Applies to Graphs, Charts, Drawings, Maps, Tables and Photographs
Figure X . Description of the image or title of the image. From "Title of Article," by Article Author's First Initial. Second Initial. Last Name, year, day, (for a magazine) or year (for a journal), Title of Magazine or Journal, volume number, page(s). Copyright year by name of copyright holder.
Note : Information about the image is placed directly below the image in your assignment. If the image has been changed, use "Adapted from" instead of "From" before the source information.
Figure 1 . Man exercising. Adapted from "Yoga: Stretching Out," by A. N. Green, and L. O. Brown, 2006, May 8, Sports Digest, 15 , p. 22. Copyright 2006 by Sports Digest Inc.
Note: Applies to Graphs, Charts, Drawings, Tables and Photographs
Figure x. Description of the image or image title if given. Adapted from "Title of web page," by Author/Creator's First Initial. Second Initial. Last Name if given, publication date if given, Title of Website . Retrieved Month, day, year that you last viewed the website, from url. Copyright date by Name of Copyright Holder.
Note : Information about the image is placed directly below the image in your assignment. If the image has not been changed but simply reproduced use "From" instead of "Adapted from" before the source information.
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7 | 55 | 9 |
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iii | == | 66 |
Figure 2 . Table of symbols. Adapted from Case One Study Results by G. A. Black, 2006, Strong Online. https://www.strongonline/ casestudies/one.html. Copyright 2010 by G.L. Strong Ltd.
APA does not provide specific rules or examples for citing images so you may see variations on other guides. This only occurs with images and figures. Note: the following is just an interpretation of the rules.
Figures - graphs, flow charts, maps, drawings, photographs etc. & Tables - information displayed in orderly columns and rows.
With Figures you could in theory be mentioning them 4 times.
Intext Citation
Artist Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Title of the artwork [Format]. Retrieved from URL
Van Gogh, V. (1889). Irises [Painting]. Retrieved from http://www.getty.edu/art/collection/
objects/826/vincent-van-gogh-irises-dutch-1889/
Format: Author(s) Surname/Last name, Initials. (Year). Title . Place of publication: Publisher.
An image from a book is treated similar to any other material referred to within a book.
Format as above for the Reference list.
Intext citation
Is the picture of the Sunflowers the most iconic artwork in the world (Wallace, 1972)?
Reference List:
Wallace, R. (1972) The world of Van Gogh, 1853-1890. New York: Time-Life Books.
Image reproduced from a book source
Figure 1 . Social distances of animals (Fowler, 2008, p. 13)
Fowler, M. (2008). Restraint and handing of wild and domestic animals (3 rd ed.). Ames, IA: Wiley Blackwell.
Treat like a journal article. Format: Author(s) Surname/Last name, Initials. (Year). Article title. Journal title , Volume , Page numbers.
Only differences to a journal article reference will be the inclusion of a List of Figures in a Table of Contents and a Figure number as a label under the image/Figure.
Figure 2. Male holotye of Hypsiboas gladiator (Kholer et al., 2010, p. 584).
Kohler, J., Koscinski, D., Padial, J. M., Chaparro, J. C., Handford, P., Lougheed, S. C., & Riva, I. (2010). Systematics of Andean gladiator frogs of the Hypsiboas pulchellus species group (Anura, Hylidae). Zoologica Scripta, 39 (6), 572-590. doi:10.111/j.1463-6409.2010.00448.x
Figure 3 displays the beauty of the panda.
Figure 3 . A ponderous panda. Reprinted from National Geographic by S. Pradhan, 2016, Retrieved from http://www.nationalgeographic.com/photography/photo-of-the-day/2016/2/darjeeling-red-panda/
Pradhan, S. (2016) A ponderous panda [Photograph]. Retrieved from http://www.nationalgeographic.com/photography/photo-of-the-day/2016/2/darjeeling-red-panda/
Figure 4. Perugini , C. E. (1878 ) Girl reading . From Manchester Art Gallery, Manchester. Retrieved from http://artuk.org/discover/artworks/girl-reading-205798. Reprinted with permission.
Perugini, C. E. (1878) Girl Reading . [Painting] R etrieved from http://artuk.org/discover/artworks/girl-reading-205798. Reprinted with permission.
A caption should include
Note that if you modify or create a table from raw data found elsewhere e.g. Central Statistics Office then you should replace the word 'Reprinted' with 'Adapted'.
Similiar to Figures you could in theory be mentioning the Table 4 times;
According to the CSO (Table 1) only 17% of all age groups have not used the internet between 2010 and 2015.
Title above the Table:
Table 1 Descriptive title, e.g. Table 1 When People last used the Internet by Age Group in Ireland.
Caption/Label below table
Note . From 'When people last used the internet by age group'. Copyright 2014 by Central Statistics Office. Reprinted with permission.
Reference List:
Central Statistics Office (2014) 'When people last used the internet by age group' [Table] Retrieved from http://www.cso.ie/multiquicktables/quickTables.aspx?id=ica05
If in doubt check with me at [email protected].
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Note: This page reflects the latest version of the APA Publication Manual (i.e., APA 7), which released in October 2019. The equivalent resource for the older APA 6 style can be found here .
Media Files: APA Sample Student Paper , APA Sample Professional Paper
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Note: The APA Publication Manual, 7 th Edition specifies different formatting conventions for student and professional papers (i.e., papers written for credit in a course and papers intended for scholarly publication). These differences mostly extend to the title page and running head. Crucially, citation practices do not differ between the two styles of paper.
However, for your convenience, we have provided two versions of our APA 7 sample paper below: one in student style and one in professional style.
Note: For accessibility purposes, we have used "Track Changes" to make comments along the margins of these samples. Those authored by [AF] denote explanations of formatting and [AWC] denote directions for writing and citing in APA 7.
Apa 7 professional paper:.
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Learning how to conduct accurate, discipline-specific academic research can feel daunting at first. But, with a solid understanding of the reasoning behind why we use academic citations coupled with knowledge of the basics, you’ll learn how to cite sources with accuracy and confidence.
When it comes to academic research, citing sources correctly is arguably as important as the research itself. "Your instructors are expecting your work to adhere to these professional standards," said Amanda Girard , research support manager of Shapiro Library at Southern New Hampshire University (SNHU).
With Shapiro Library for the past three years, Girard manages the library’s research support services, which includes SNHU’s 24/7 library chat and email support. She holds an undergraduate degree in professional writing and a graduate degree in library and information science. She said that accurate citations show that you have done your research on a topic and are knowledgeable about current ideas from those actively working in the field.
In other words, when you cite sources according to the academic style of your discipline, you’re giving credit where credit is due.
Citing sources properly ensures you’re following high academic and professional standards for integrity and ethics.
“When you cite a source, you can ethically use others’ research. If you are not adequately citing the information you claim in your work, it would be considered plagiarism ,” said Shannon Geary '16 , peer tutor at SNHU.
Geary has an undergraduate degree in communication from SNHU and has served on the academic support team for close to 2 years. Her job includes helping students learn how to conduct research and write academically.
“In academic writing, it is crucial to state where you are receiving your information from,” she said. “Citing your sources ensures that you are following academic integrity standards.”
According to Geary and Girard, several key reasons for citing sources are:
Ultimately, citing sources is a formalized way for you to share ideas as part of a bigger conversation among others in your field. It’s a way to build off of and reference one another’s ideas, Girard said.
Any time you use an original quote or paraphrase someone else’s ideas, you need to cite that material, according to Geary.
“The only time we do not need to cite is when presenting an original thought or general knowledge,” she said.
While the specific format for citing sources can vary based on the style used, several key elements are always included, according to Girard. Those are:
By giving credit to the authors, researchers and experts you cite, you’re building credibility. You’re showing that your argument is built on solid research.
“Proper citation not only builds a writer's authority but also ensures the reliability of the work,” Geary said. “Properly formatted citations are a roadmap for instructors and other readers to verify the information we present in our work.”
Certain disciplines adhere to specific citation standards because different disciplines prioritize certain information and research styles . The most common citation styles used in academic research, according to Geary, are:
The benefit of using the same format as other researchers within a discipline is that the framework of presenting ideas allows you to “speak the same language,” according to Girard.
Are you writing a paper that needs to use APA citation, but don’t know what that means? No worries. You’ve come to the right place.
Are you writing a paper for which you need to know how to use MLA formatting, but don’t know what that means? No worries. You’ve come to the right place.
Keeping track of your research as you go is one of the best ways to ensure you’re citing appropriately and correctly based on the style that your academic discipline uses.
“Through careful citation, authors ensure their audience can distinguish between borrowed material and original thoughts, safeguarding their academic reputation and following academic honesty policies,” Geary said.
Some tips that she and Girard shared to ensure you’re citing sources correctly include:
How to cite a reference in academic writing.
A citation consists of two pieces: an in-text citation that is typically short and a longer list of references or works cited (depending on the style used) at the end of the paper.
“In-text citations immediately acknowledge the use of external source information and its exact location,” Geary said. While each style uses a slightly different format for in-text citations that reference the research, you may expect to need the page number, author’s name and possibly date of publication in parentheses at the end of a sentence or passage, according to Geary.
A longer entry listing the complete details of the resource you referenced should also be included on the references or works cited page at the end of the paper. The full citation is provided with complete details of the source, such as author, title, publication date and more, Geary said.
The two-part aspect of citations is because of readability. “You can imagine how putting the full citation would break up the flow of a paper,” Girard said. “So, a shortened version is used (in the text).”
“For example, if an in-text citation reads (Jones, 2024), the reader immediately knows that the ideas presented are coming from Jones’s work, and they can explore the comprehensive citation on the final page,” she said.
The in-text citation and full citation together provide a transparent trail of the author's process of engaging with research.
“Their combined use also facilitates further research by following a standardized style (APA, MLA, Chicago), guaranteeing that other scholars can easily connect and build upon their work in the future,” Geary said.
Developing and demonstrating your research skills, enhancing your work’s credibility and engaging ethically with the intellectual contributions of others are at the core of the citation process no matter which style you use.
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References provide the information necessary for readers to identify and retrieve each work cited in the text .
Check each reference carefully against the original publication to ensure information is accurate and complete. Accurately prepared references help establish your credibility as a careful researcher and writer.
Consistency in reference formatting allows readers to focus on the content of your reference list, discerning both the types of works you consulted and the important reference elements (who, when, what, and where) with ease. When you present each reference in a consistent fashion, readers do not need to spend time determining how you organized the information. And when searching the literature yourself, you also save time and effort when reading reference lists in the works of others that are written in APA Style.
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COMMENTS
Cite your source automatically in APA. The purpose of tables and figures in documents is to enhance your readers' understanding of the information in the document; usually, large amounts of information can be communicated more efficiently in tables or figures. Tables are any graphic that uses a row and column structure to organize information ...
Citing images accessed online. For online images, include the name of the site you found it on, and a URL. Link directly to the image where possible, as it may be hard to locate from the other information given. APA format. Last name, Initials. ( Year ). Image title [ Format ]. Site Name.
Placement of figures in a paper. There are two options for the placement of figures (and tables) in a paper. The first is to embed figures in the text after each is first mentioned (or "called out"); the second is to place each figure on a separate page after the reference list. An embedded figure may take up an entire page; if the figure ...
Introduction. Tables and figures (includes images) follow similar set up and formatting. The guidelines below focus on common examples used by students for academic papers.For details on creating tables or figures for submission to journals or graduate theses, see APA's Tables and figures or consult the guide directly (Section 7, pp. 195-250). ...
Figures in APA Style (7th ed.) Figures include visuals such as charts graphs, pictures, maps, etc. When inserting a figure in your work, include the following information (also exemplified in Figure 1): Figure note, double-spaced below the table after the label "note" in italics: Note.
Tables and figures are each numbered separately, in the order they are referred to in your text. For example, the first table you refer to is Table 1; the fourth figure you refer to is Figure 4. The title should clearly and straightforwardly describe the content of the table or figure. Omit articles to keep it concise.
drawings. photographs/images. This section will cover the following examples: Image from an Electronic Source. Figures. For more examples and information, consult the following publications: Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.) Call Number: BF76.7 .P83 2020.
A guide to using the APA 7th edition referencing system for in-text citations and reference lists. ... See APA Style examples, Clip Art Image and Artwork References for general notes and more examples. Material Type. ... Ph.D., Social Equity Research/Advisory Services for Activists & Communities. https: ...
Indent the first line of every paragraph of text 0.5 in. using the tab key or the paragraph-formatting function of your word-processing program. Page numbers: Put a page number in the top right corner of every page, including the title page or cover page, which is page 1. Student papers do not require a running head on any page.
Citing an image in APA Style. In an APA Style reference entry for an image found on a website, write the image title in italics, followed by a description of its format in square brackets. Include the name of the site and the URL. The APA in-text citation just includes the photographer's name and the year. APA format. Author last name, Initials.
The first option is to place all figures on separate pages after the reference list. The second option is to embed each figure within the text. If you reproduce or adapt a figure from another source (e.g., an image you found on the internet), you should include a copyright attribution in the figure note, indicating the origin of the reproduced ...
Figure Title. The title appears one double-spaced line below the figure number in italics title face. Note. The note appears below the figure and describes what the figure is about and how it relates to the content of the paper. If the image was taken from a source and is not clipart, the note should include a copyright attribution statement.
Creating an APA 7 citation for a digital image is easy. In the following example, we are going to show you how to cite a digital image found online. Reference Page. Structure. Author last name, First initial. (Publication or creation date). Title of image [Type of media].
Referencing images in APA 7th. When you mention, describe or analyse an image or artwork in the text of your work, you are referring to the image and therefore you will need to reference it. If you are copying an image and placing it in your work, then the rules can vary, depending on whether you are a student submitting an assignment or ...
Include as much of the information below when citing images in a paper and formal presentations. Apply the appropriate citation style (see below for APA, MLA examples). Image creator's name (artist, photographer, etc.) Title of the image; Date the image (or work represented by the image) was created; Date the image was posted online
How to Format a Table in APA Style. Number the table. Example: Table 1. Give a meaningful and understandable title in italics. Example: Factors contributing to nurses' involvement in setting health policy. Include a " Note " to give any additional information regarding the table or give a full citation. Example:
If you are only making a passing reference to a well known image, you would not have to cite it, e.g. describing someone as having a Mona Lisa smile. Figure Numbers. Each image you reproduce should be assigned a figure number, starting with number 1 for the first image used in the assignment. Title. Images may not have a set title.
• If the image is from a book/book chapter or journal article, and was created by the authors of that source, just cite the book/chapter or article. If you are using the image in your work cite it as you would a direct quote, and include a page number.
Common sources for stock images and clip art are iStock, Getty Images, Adobe Stock, Shutterstock, Pixabay, and Flickr. Common sources for clip art are Microsoft Word and Microsoft PowerPoint. The license associated with the clip art or stock image determines how it should be credited. Sometimes the license indicates no reference or attribution ...
Basic guidelines for formatting the reference list at the end of a standard APA research paper Author/Authors Rules for handling works by a single author or multiple authors that apply to all APA-style references in your reference list, regardless of the type of work (book, article, electronic resource, etc.)
APA does not provide specific rules or examples for citing images so you may see variations on other guides. This only occurs with images and figures. Note: the following is just an interpretation of the rules.. Figures - graphs, flow charts, maps, drawings, photographs etc. & Tables - information displayed in orderly columns and rows.. With Figures you could in theory be mentioning them 4 times.
Knowing how to cite an image in APA format, whether it's classic art or an infographic, is an essential part of writing a research paper.The seventh edition of APA Style requires that, for photos and images, you list the creator's name, image title, year of origin, type of media, and location from which you accessed the image (such as a website URL or museum name).
Crucially, citation practices do not differ between the two styles of paper. However, for your convenience, we have provided two versions of our APA 7 sample paper below: one in student style and one in professional style. Note: For accessibility purposes, we have used "Track Changes" to make comments along the margins of these samples.
You can find sample papers, examples of how to cite in the different academic styles and up-to-date citation requirements, along with information and examples for APA, MLA and Chicago style citations. Work with a Tutor. A tutor can offer support along with tips to help you learn the process of academic research.
APA Style provides a foundation for effective scholarly communication because it helps writers present their ideas in a clear, concise, and inclusive manner. When style works best, ideas flow logically, sources are credited appropriately, and papers are organized predictably. People are described using language that affirms their worth and dignity.
The field of personality psychology could contribute to the aims of educational research, but several misconceptions may hold back this synthesis. We address three "misconceptions" about personality psychology that are surprisingly pervasive outside of that field: that there are personality types, that personality is fixed, and that the existence of personality implies that situations are ...
References provide the information necessary for readers to identify and retrieve each work cited in the text. Consistency in reference formatting allows readers to focus on the content of your reference list, discerning both the types of works you consulted and the important reference elements with ease.