essay on life in big city

Essay on Life in a Big City for Students and Children

500+ words essay on life in a big city.

Essay on Life in a Big City – The city life of a big city is always growing and moving. Also, there are hundreds and thousands of opportunities for people in big cities to learn and grow. In addition, they provide a chance to grow professionally and personally. Due to the exposure in cities, people tend to be smarter, and intelligent in comparison to the people who live in small towns and villages. Besides, the life of the city is very fast and only people with smart minds can survive there.

Self-growth in Big Cities

The scope of personal growth and development is more in comparison to towns and villages. Furthermore, the children of big cities have access to better school and colleges which give them an opportunity for all-round development.

Also, these institutions give chances to each individual to participate in various activities and events that help them to explore their area of interest. In addition, there is a number of activities that one can perform outside school and colleges in cities.

Moreover, due to interaction with others, the children are more self-confident in their selves in comparison to a village or small city kids.

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Professional Growth in Cities

In big cities, there are a more profitable business and career opportunity for everyone. Which is unlike in villages and towns where the scope is limited. Many industries and companies operate in cities, which offer good job opportunity to people of different educational background.

Besides, the scenario of business set in the city is much profitable. The cities are also connected with other cities and other parts of the country which give it an advantage over the towns and villages.

In addition, due to better connectivity with other cities, it is easy to deal with clients of other cities to. Also, many institutes of cities offer a course that can help professionals to grow and achieve a new height in their professional carrier. There is immense scope for the expansion and growth of business in cities if the person is willing to work hard and dedicated.

Economic Growth in Big Cities

As there is a better opportunity for personal and professional growth so do for economic growth . Also, many new businesses set up in cities each year that creates many job opportunities.

Most noteworthy, as these businesses flourish and grow they directly or indirectly contribute to the economic development of the cities and country.

The development of these businesses also motivates others to do business and create an opportunity for others. This not only helps other people but also the business to grow.

To sum it up, big cities, on the one hand, offer many opportunities for personal, professional, and economic growth. On the other hand, take away the comfort and relaxation form life. Also, life in cities is very busy and people do not time for their own self and their families. Besides, they do not have time to sit and relax.

People of cities live a life of isolation and suffocation. Above all, they become successful in life. But, they do not have anyone in their life with which they can share their success with.

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Essay on Life in a Big City

Students are often asked to write an essay on Life in a Big City in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

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100 Words Essay on Life in a Big City

Introduction.

Life in a big city is full of excitement and opportunities. Cities are the hubs of commerce, education, and culture, attracting people from all walks of life.

Opportunities and Facilities

Big cities offer a variety of job opportunities. They are home to many companies, industries, and educational institutions. City life also provides access to modern amenities like hospitals, shopping malls, and recreational centers.

Challenges of City Life

However, city life can be challenging. It’s often fast-paced, with traffic congestion and noise pollution. High living costs and a lack of personal space are common issues.

Despite the challenges, many people prefer city life for the opportunities and conveniences it offers.

250 Words Essay on Life in a Big City

The urban lifestyle, often synonymous with the phrase “Life in a Big City,” is a unique blend of excitement, challenges, and opportunities. The bustling city life, illuminated by the neon lights and the ceaseless hum of activity, offers a stark contrast to the tranquil, slow-paced life in rural areas.

The Vibrant Pulse of the City

Life in a big city is marked by a vibrant pulse that never ceases. The cityscape, dotted with towering skyscrapers and bustling markets, is a testament to human ingenuity and ambition. The city’s rhythm is set by the ceaseless ebb and flow of people, each pursuing their dreams and aspirations. This dynamism is one of the defining characteristics of city life.

Diversity and Opportunities

Big cities are melting pots of cultures, ideas, and opportunities. They attract individuals from different walks of life, each bringing their unique perspectives and talents. This diversity fosters innovation and creativity, leading to a plethora of opportunities in various sectors like technology, arts, and commerce.

The Flip Side

However, life in a big city is not devoid of challenges. The fast-paced lifestyle can be overwhelming and lead to stress. Additionally, cities grapple with issues like pollution, traffic congestion, and high cost of living.

Despite the challenges, life in a big city continues to allure individuals with its promise of opportunities, diversity, and a vibrant lifestyle. It’s a dynamic, ever-evolving landscape that shapes and is shaped by its inhabitants, reflecting the complexity and beauty of human existence.

500 Words Essay on Life in a Big City

The allure of urban life, endless opportunities.

One of the most compelling aspects of city life is the abundance of opportunities. Big cities are usually economic powerhouses, hosting a myriad of industries, businesses, and organizations. This diversity in the economic landscape leads to a broad spectrum of job opportunities. The presence of multinational companies and startups in cities provides ample career options for individuals with different skills and qualifications.

Access to Amenities

Big cities are typically equipped with state-of-the-art amenities and infrastructure. The availability of quality healthcare, educational institutions, entertainment facilities, and public transportation systems significantly enhances the quality of life. Moreover, the presence of libraries, museums, art galleries, and theaters fosters a vibrant cultural environment, enriching city dwellers’ experiences.

Cultural Melting Pot

The flip side: challenges in the city.

However, city life is not without its challenges. The fast-paced lifestyle can often lead to stress and health issues. The high cost of living, including housing, transportation, and food, can be prohibitive for many. Additionally, cities often grapple with issues like pollution, traffic congestion, and crime.

Pollution and Overcrowding

Big cities are notorious for their high pollution levels. The concentration of industries and vehicles leads to air and noise pollution, adversely affecting the health of residents. Overcrowding is another significant issue, with cities struggling to provide adequate housing and infrastructure for their ever-growing populations.

The Paradox of Loneliness

In conclusion, life in a big city is a mixed bag of experiences. While the cityscape offers myriad opportunities and conveniences, it also presents unique challenges. The key to thriving in this environment lies in striking a balance between leveraging the opportunities and effectively managing the challenges. The city, with its pulsating energy and diversity, continues to be a magnet for those seeking growth and new experiences.

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Big City Life: Advantages and Disadvantages Essay

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Introduction

Disadvantages.

Historically, big cities were always centers of commerce and economic growth, offering greater security and job opportunities. To this day, leaving the desperation of the countryside for the success of a huge metropolis is a popular trope in culture and media. Although it is common to romanticize the lifestyle of big city dwellers, living in a large urban area comes at a high cost. Metropolitan residents do indeed enjoy a tremendous amount of career and quality of life advantages; however, it is not a secret that living in big cities is often associated with a lack of meaningful interpersonal interactions.

On the one hand, big city life offers excellent opportunities for economic growth. According to Loschiavo (2021), “urban concentration enhances productivity, which, in turn, spurs national economic growth” (p. 5). Due to their sheer massiveness, big metropolitan areas provide their inhabitants with a greater number of open vacancies and increased competitive salaries. In addition, dwellers of such cities benefit from easy access to various quality-of-life services, such as different specialty stores, pharmacies, hospitals, restaurants, and entertainment options. Massive city residents enjoy the best medical service and numerous means of mass transportation.

On the other hand, big city dwellers suffer from a lack of meaningful interpersonal relationships. Loschiavo (2021) claims that “big-city dwellers are exposed to unceasing external contacts with numbers of persons that are nevertheless impersonal and transitory” (p. 10). According to his research, people in larger cities tend to create relationships to meet their needs rather than form meaningful mutual connections. Moreover, a competitive environment in areas of large economic growth contributes to the dissolution of cooperation and thus leads to increased residents’ unhappiness.

In conclusion, life in a big city has advantages and disadvantages. Large urban areas offer better job opportunities and easy access to the best possible medicine, transport, and leisure. However, the competitive and transitory nature of metropolises contributes to the decadence of cooperation and interpersonal relationships. Although big cities offer numerous career-related opportunities, those aspiring to move there must be prepared for lack of satisfaction in their personal life.

Loschiavo, D. (2021). Big-city life (dis) satisfaction? The effect of urban living on subjective well-being. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 192 , 740-764.

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Essay on Life in a Big City in English for Children and Students

Table of Contents

Essay on Life in a Big City: Life in a big city can be described as fast, flowing and largely cut off from the nature. While it offers good opportunities and modern facilities, it can be quite exhaustive and stressful. Yet those who live in big cities are accustomed to the life there and find it hard to adjust in a small town or village.

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Long and Short Essay on Life in a Big City in English

Here are essay on Life in a Big City of varying lengths to help you with the topic in your exam. You can select any Life in a Big City Essay as per your need:

Short Essay on Life in a Big City 200 words – Essay Sample 1

Life in a big city is mostly fast paced. There is a lot of competition all around. Everyone wants to do better than the other and they keep struggling day and night to further their aim.

A sense of competition is ingested in children from a very young age. Every parent wants his child to stay ahead of the competition. Schools in big cities do not just focus on studies but also on other activities. They boast of good infrastructure and highly-learned faculties to prepare the students for the life ahead.

Big cities also offer good job opportunities. Someone with good educational qualification can acquire a well paying job in a big city. The opportunities are endless if one is really aiming to work. Similarly, big cities have all the modern amities needed for a comfortable living. However, earning a comfortable life equipped with all the modern day facilities can actually be quite stressful.

While the city life can render comfort it does not guarantee peace. Several people relocate from villages to big cities in order to make a better living. While many of them are able to earn good and enhance their lifestyle they end up losing their peace of mind in the mad rush of the big cities.

Essay on Life in a Big City – Opportunity for Students 300 words – Essay Sample 2

Introduction

Life in a big city is full of competition and opportunities for the students. Big cities have better education opportunities. The schools and colleges here are equipped with a good infrastructure and all the modern facilities to offer a great learning experience.

These schools allow the students to explore their interest from the very beginning as they do not just focus on the academics but also on extracurricular activities. A number of activities are introduced for the proper growth and development of the students and also to help them identify their areas of interest.

Better Infrastructure; Better Education

Compared to small towns and villages, the quality of education provided in the big cities is quite high. The schools here are equipped with all kinds of facilities. From well equipped laboratories to state of the art sports complexes – they have it all. The faculties recruited for these schools are highly educated and well-versed in their subjects.

The management here is experienced and is driven to improve the standard of education. They are focused on building the future of the students and work hard to achieve this goal. The competition is high and students develop competitive spirit from an early age.

Variety of Courses

Unlike small towns and villages, there are various colleges in big cities. These colleges offer numerous courses specializing in different fields. In order to seek admission in a specialized course in a good college, the students are mostly required to clear entrance exam.

Big cities encompass good coaching centres that train the students to crack these entrance exams and get admission in the college of their choice. Students who get the opportunity of studying in big cities can thus choose from a wide variety of courses and pursue a career of their choice. They stand a better chance of building a bright career.

Big cities are especially good when it comes to higher studies because of the variety of courses available here. This is the reason why many students relocate to these cities to pursue higher education.

Essay on Life in a Big City – Personal, Professional and Economical Growth 400 words – Essay Sample 3

Life in a big city is exciting and ever-evolving. There are a lot of opportunities to learn and grow for people residing in a big city. These cities provide a chance to grow personally and professionally. People living in these cities turn out to be smarter than those living in the small towns and villages owing to the kind of exposure they get. Life in these cities is fast paced and only those who have a smart bent of mind can survive here.

Personal Growth in Big Cities

There is a good scope of personal growth and development in the big cities. Children living in such cities have access to good schools and colleges that do not just focus on the academics but on the all round development of the students. These educational institutes give the individuals a chance to participate in various kinds of activities and events to help them explore their interest. Besides, there are a number of activities one can involve in outside the school which help in personal growth.

Professional Growth in Big Cities

Big cities offer great career opportunities and lucrative business options unlike the villages and small towns where the scope is limited. Several industries and firms operate here and offer good job opportunities to people with different educational qualification. The prospects of setting business are also good in these cities. These cities are well-connected with other parts of the country which is a big advantage. It helps in expanding business and dealing with clients living in different cities.

Many institutes in big cities offer courses to working professionals to help them grow further and attain new professional heights. The prospects of setting up and expanding business in a big city are immense if a person is willing to work hard.

Economic Growth and Big Cities

Many new businesses are set up in the big cities each year. As these businesses grow and flourish they contribute towards the economic growth of the country.

While the big cities offer excellent opportunities to learn and grow, life here is busy. There is so much to do that there is just no time to sit and relax. People are so engrossed with their work that they do not even get time to spend with their family. Many people feel isolated in such atmosphere. While they become successful in life they hardly have anyone to celebrate their success with.

Essay on Life in a Big City Advantages and Disadvantages 500 words – Essay Sample 4

It is rightly said that nothing comes easy. Life in a big city may seem alluring but it comes at some price. There are many advantages of living in a big city however its disadvantages are no less. People planning to shift to a big city must analyse the advantages and disadvantages of city life before making the final move.

Advantages of Life in a Big City

Here are some of the advantages of life in a big city:

Infrastructure

Life in a big city is much better than that in villages because of the infrastructure it offers. The condition of the roads, parks, market areas and other public places in big cities are better. These are well-planned and well-maintained to ensure the comfort and convenience of the public.

Healthcare Facilities

Big cities encompass good hospitals that offer high end medical facilities. Special clinics and hospitals have been established here to treat patients suffering from different health conditions. These are equipped with the latest medical equipments. The team of doctors as well as support staff in these hospitals is well qualified to handle their duties.

Recreational Activities

There are many malls, shopping centres, amusement parks, restaurants, movie halls and other places of recreation in the big cities. Besides, a number of events such as live band performances, food festivals, concerts, cultural shows, plays, etc are organized every now and then for the entertainment of people.

Education and Career Opportunities

Big cities encompass primary and secondary schools with good infrastructure. The school staff and management of these schools are well educated and trained. They focus on the all round growth and development of the students. Several renowned colleges have also been set up in these cities. They offer specialized courses and train students to pursue career of their choice.

Disadvantages of Life in a Big City

Here are some of the disadvantages of life in a big city:

High Cost of Living

The cost of living in a big city is much higher compared to that in a village or small town. The house rent and commuting charges can especially dig a hole in your pocket. Maintaining a good lifestyle in a big city can be quite expensive.

Constant Hustle and Bustle

There is constant hustle and bustle in the big cities. People work twenty four-seven in these cities. The roads are always full of traffic as the people here are always on the move.

High Pollution Level

There is a lot of pollution in the big cities. There are thousands of cars on the roads and numerous industries in different parts of these cities. They do not only pollute the air making it difficult to breathe but also cause a lot of noise pollution.

High Competition

There is competition at every step in the big cities. This competition and urge to stay ahead of the others can be quite taxing and stressful.

Life in a big city is no doubt comfortable however it also has its set of drawbacks. While it offers good opportunities and facilities, it is not that easy to acquire all this. One needs to work hard to lead a respectful and comfortable life in a big city.

Long Essay on Life in a Big City 600 words – Essay Sample 5

Life in a big city looks attractive because of the kind of facilities it offers. Several people leave small towns and villages and move to big cities as they are enticed by the kind of lifestyle it offers. They toil hard in order to achieve the life of their dreams but not everyone is successful in their attempts. Many such people end up in misery and move back to their home towns or lead a wretched life in the big cities.

Endless Opportunities

There is no doubt about the fact that big cities offer endless opportunities. There are numerous job as well as business opportunities in the big cities unlike small towns where the scope is limited. Industrial sector is growing by the day and more and more work force is required to fill different positions.

So, people with different educational qualification and work experience are required here. Similarly, the service sector is also booming at a good pace. These operators mostly have their offices in big cities and thus the scope of work opportunities is higher here. Many of these work places hire people with basic knowledge about the respective field and train them on the job.

Big cities also encompass numerous educational institutes and training centres that educate and train people to work in different sectors. There is no dearth of opportunities for a person who is willing to learn and work hard.

Life of Isolation

There is a lot of competition in the big cities. Everyone wants to earn more, look better and attain a better lifestyle. Most people here are so blinded by power and money that they cannot look beyond it. They slog day and night to earn money and are busy competing with their friends, relatives, neighbours and even their own siblings. In this rush to attain things, they are often left isolated.

They may be able to make good money and have a great lifestyle but they are still not happy as they have no one to share their happiness with. Life in a big city may be equipped with all the modern day facilities but people here often suffer from loneliness and depression. This is quite unlike the life in towns and villages where people value relationships and are there for each other. They visit each other frequently, celebrate festivals and other special occasions together and help each other in the hour of need.

Comfort at the Cost of Peace

Life in big cities can be said to be chaotic. There is hustle and bustle everywhere. People live in a concrete jungle far from nature. Their life may be comfortable however they attain this comfort at the cost of their peace of mind. They may be equipped with better medical facilities however the chances of incurring health problems in big cities are also quite high.

This is because of the high level of pollution in these cities and also due to the increasing stress level among people living here. Similarly, there are better schools and colleges in big cities but the level of competition here is somehow robbing the children of their childhood.

The cost of living in the big cities is quite high. In order to maintain a good lifestyle and build a good social standing it is essential to work hard day in and day out. Most people in big cities take huge loans for purchasing different things such as house, car, etc. Paying these loans and maintaining their lifestyle can be stressful. So even as they lead a comfortable life they are never at peace.

Living in a big city offers many opportunities but also brings challenges like loneliness, stress, and high living costs. Even with the excitement and facilities a city provides, people often trade their peace and happiness for a busy, competitive lifestyle. In the end, city life can be hard and makes us wonder what’s truly important for a good life.

Frequently Asked Questions on Life in a Big City

How do you describe a city life.

City life is fast-paced and bustling with activity. It's all about crowded streets, tall buildings, and the constant hum of life. People in the city are always on the move, and there are plenty of opportunities for work, entertainment, and socializing.

Why you should live in a big city?

Living in a big city offers various advantages. You have access to better job opportunities, top-notch educational institutions, a wide range of cultural experiences, and a vibrant social scene. Big cities often provide better healthcare facilities and more diverse dining options too.

How does it feel to live in a big city?

Living in a big city can feel exciting and full of possibilities. You'll experience the thrill of urban life, with plenty of things to see and do. However, it can also be hectic and sometimes overwhelming due to the fast pace and high cost of living.

How would you describe a big city?

A big city is a bustling urban area with a large population. It's characterized by skyscrapers, busy streets, diverse cultures, and a wide range of amenities and services. Big cities are often economic and cultural hubs.

Is it healthy to live in a big city?

The health effects of living in a big city can vary. On one hand, cities offer access to advanced healthcare facilities, but on the other hand, they may have issues like pollution and stressful lifestyles. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle is crucial when living in a big city.

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IELTS Writing Task 2 Advantages and Disadvantages Essay Topic: Living in big cities is becoming more difficult

Updated On Feb 28, 2024

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The Essay Writing section of the IELTS Writing Module can be a difficult task for many IELTS Aspirants. Thus, it is vital that you polish your essay writing skills before attempting the IELTS.

Below is a sample IELTS Essay for the IELTS Essay topic:

Some people believe that living in big cities is becoming more difficult. Others believe that it is getting easier. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. OR Describe the advantages and disadvantages of living in the city.

There has been much debate about whether city life is harder or easier. While it is argued that it is more difficult to live there, I think there are more comforts of urban life.

City dwellers may be confronted with various problems. The first matter can be the higher cost of living than that in villages or other smaller towns because urban citizens might have to pay higher prices for transport service or household bills. Secondly, high population density in urban areas may cause overcrowding , followed by a lack of open spaces for green trees or other recreational activities for metropolitan residents . Finally, together with thousands of tons of daily emissions discharged from families or offices, a huge quantity of fumes are released from motor street vehicles or metropolitan factories, leading to air and water pollution. In other words, there may be a deterioration in the quality of air and water ; consequently, health conditions are likely to be threatened.

However, in my view, city life is becoming easier in several cases. Well-known universities, schools at the international level, or other high-quality educational centers located in metropolitan zones generate advantages for city inhabitants to enjoy better educational opportunities to increase their knowledge level . Another factor to make urban life easier is that thanks to the governmental financial investment in improvements in public transport systems like bus or underground services in cities, urban residents’ travel can be facilitated. Furthermore, metropolitan citizens may enhance their spiritual life or enjoy relaxing moments by going to the cinema and theater or spending time in art galleries as well as museums.

In conclusion, although there are numerous difficulties of residing in metropolitan areas, from my point of view, it is increasingly easier to spend life in big urban areas on the basis of my above-mentioned analyses and explanation.

Vocabulary & Expressions

City dweller (noun) a person who lives in a city
Confront with (verb) face up to and deal with (a problem or difficult situation)
Cost of living (phrase) the cost of maintaining a certain standard of living
Population density (noun) the number of people living in each unit of area (such as a square mile)
Recreational activity (phrase) actions that are performed solely for the enjoyment, pleasure and amusement of individuals
Metropolitan (adj) belonging to a big city, or typical of big cities
Discharge (verb) to allow liquid or gas to leave a place, especially when this has harmful effects
Deteriorate (verb) to become worse
Inhabitant (noun) a person or animal that lives in a particular place

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Essay on Life in a Big City for Students in English [Easy Words]

January 15, 2021 by Sandeep

Essay on Life in a Big City: A big city is full of hustle-bustle and fast paced crowds and traffic. Cost of living in big cities is very high. They are generally plagued with housing problems, population disparities, rush hour traffic, water and sanitation issues, pollution, etc. On the other hand, life can also be comfortable with plenty of amenities and opportunities for recreation, education and employment.

Essay on Life in a Big City 500 Words in English

Below we have provided Life in a Big City Essay in English, suitable for class 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 & 8.

There is a proverb, “God made the country and man made the town.” The proverb points out the contrast between life in the city and life in the village. Life in a village is simple and familiar with nature. Life in the city is fast and artificial. While India is primarily a land of villages, the country also has many towns or cities. Some of the cities are very big, such as Delhi, Mumbai and Kolkata. They have several million inhabitants. Living in a major city has both benefits and inconvenience.

Life in a big city is a mixture of opposites. At one hand the buildings are very tall, and on the other hand, some slums are filthy. In big cities, wealth and poverty live side by side. People in cities die both due to starvation and overeating. There are elegant buildings amid smoky factories. We may claim that life in a big city is a mixture of pleasures and sorrows. There are all the comforts of life in a big city, but it is also full of bad thighs.

Advantages of Living in a Big City

The houses in big cities are tall. They have many storeys. The towers are multi-storied with lifts. It offers excellent educational facilities. There are elementary schools and high schools, technical colleges, engineering colleges and medical colleges. There are Universities in big cities too.

A big city has many markets. There are a large number of stores in each sector. The stores are well stocked. A fabric market has hundreds of fabric shops where the cloth of all kinds are available. In a big city, if a man has money, he can get everything he wants. The shops look very enticing due to the great lights. The roads are wide and driven by metal.

Transportation modes are simple, comfortable and fast. Rickshaws, busses, taxis and cars are within easy reach. The buses take you from one end of the town to the other on payment of a small fare. One can hire a taxi when he/she is in a rush. There are also other services within a major city. We can get timely medical support. Some hospitals have new medications and facilities. There are a good number of private doctors, too.

There are several other benefits of living in the city. There one finds chances for interacting with people from every nook and corner of the world as well as from other countries. One encounters people who have different ways of living, different ideas and different ways of thought. A person’s mind gets broadened in this way and perceptions are expanded.

Disadvantages of Living in a Big City

Big cities do have some drawbacks too. One cannot enjoy nature’s beauties in the city, just as one can do in villages. Everything in the cities is artificial. Man lives isolated from nature. As in a village, one cannot listen to the charms of birds and flowers, and cannot witness the beauty of sunrise and sunset.

Life in a big city is highly unhealthy. Black clouds always cover the sky. There is no chance for the people to breathe free, clean air, or enjoy the bright sunshine. Apart from this, food is also adulterated. People do not get pure ghee and milk. The products being sold in the market are unhealthy and unfit for human consumption.

In a big city, one has to face many difficulties. Life is pretty costly. People have to live pompously and with displays. Simple life like the village’s is unlikely. They are overcrowded and very little housing is available for residents. Tariffs are substantial, and the immigrants have much suffering to deal with. There are long distances and much time is spent travelling from one place to another.

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Life in A Big City Paragraph - IELTS Essay Samples For Writing Task 2

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For this IELTS essay writing topic, you can either agree or disagree with the statement. That being said, it is critical to remember that the paragraph must be at least 250 words.

However, the 40-minute time constraint often stresses students out, and they find it challenging to think of an answer and pick a side quickly. So, here are a few pointers to make 'life in a big city' paragraph writing easier.

Read the topic thoroughly.
Take the time to pick a stance.
Use varied vocabulary.
Structure the sentences correctly.
Maintain a formal tone and avoid casual phrases.
Divide the writing into paragraphs.
Check and re-check for any incorrect spellings or grammar.

Sample essay 1, download e-books for ielts preparation, sample essay 2, explore more resources related to ielts essays:, life in a big city paragraph.

Question: Many individuals think that living in a large metro city is harder, while others think it is a practical choice. Discuss both perspectives and share your own.

Are metro cities better or not? This has been an ongoing debate between city-dwellers and those living in towns. Rightfully so. Both have their advantages and drawbacks. A small town has better quality air and far less pollution than a city. Small town residents have the luxury of walking out of their homes to absolute tranquillity instead of the noise and bustle of a big city. Moreover, towns are much closer to nature and allow you to take a breather from the chaos of a concrete jungle.

However, with stores on every corner and excellent accessibility to entertainment and the arts, living in a city is much more exciting. Moreover, cities offer job opportunities that would not be available in smaller towns. This is often also the main reason people move to a metropolitan area. Further, with quality institutions, cities allow people access to better quality education. In addition, cities also have spaces that offer greenery and serenity in parks and gated communities. People do not have to go hunting for it in smaller towns. Nevertheless, if one still wishes to enjoy the peace of a town, they can always take one of the many available modes of transportation to the nearest town.

Like everything in this world, living in a city has pros and cons. However, the population in cities alone highlights its many advantages. Therefore, based on my personal analysis and experiences, it is much better to make a good living and enjoy the conveniences of a large metro city than to stay in a small town or hamlet.

Word Count: 261

Tentative Band Score: 6

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Life In A Big City Essay | Essay on Life In A Big City for Students and Children in English

February 13, 2024 by Prasanna

Life In A Big City Essay: We are Providing long and short essay samples on the topic of Life In A Big City Essay to help students. And we are also offering ten pointers on the topic so that the students can use them as a reference while structuring their essays. On the topic Life In A Big City Essay, we are providing a long essay and another short essay. so that students can use them as a reference for writing their assignments and essays in an exam.

You can also find more Essay Writing articles on events, persons, sports, technology and many more.

Long Essay on Life In A Big City for Students and Kids in English

Everything in this world has its own merits and demerits. Similarly, the life in a big city has its own disadvantages and advantages.

On the one hand, commodities, career, opportunities, pleasures, entertainment, elite lifestyle, posh restaurants, malls, latest technology, gadgets, theatre, clubs, etc. are some facilities of a life in a big city which makes it a cherished dream of thousands of people who aspire to live it up. But on the other hand, life in a big city lacks stability, calmness and peace of mind.

The city dweller’s ordeal in a bus is a great epic. Every morning, he has to take part in a hundred metre sprint to the bus stop. He may have to elbow out pick¬pockets, ignore frail kids and argue with the conductor. The veritable hell moving on wheels may give him jerks and jolts, causing cramps and in the long run, spondlous. Metro train, though gives economy of the time in travelling, is no less than a battle to board a metro, you need to squeeze yourself inside the crowds of thousands to board the metro.

Train journey needs advanced planning. He must fight for getting his seat booked two months before the actual battle. While waiting in a queue, he finds the privileged ones entering from the backdoor and getting their tickets. The booking clerk grins before he says that all the seats have been booked; money changes hands and there is smile on the face of the booking clerk. Sometimes, there is a gentle pat on the shoulder and as we look, we find a burly man offering us a ticket at a premium of hundred rupees.

The city dweller’s heroic deeds at the time of admission of his children in schools and colleges are another great saga. The queues for the registration forms, the interviews of the parents, the snobbish behaviour of the school teachers, clerks and peons, the demand for donations for the school auditorium and many more hurdles need to be crossed. If the child is admitted, a heavy demand for money begins – money for the school uniform, money for the fete, money for the founder’s day, money for decorating the classrooms and what not? If the charges swell up a little more, it would become an effective step for restricting the expansion of families.

He has to defend himself against the speeding trucks that might knock him down, against the innocent looking rogues who might stab him for a hundred rupee note and against the wily hawkers who might cheat him with their sweet talks. The traffic jams, the crowded shops, the money-spinning rich and the spectre of price- rise leave the residents in a state of awe and confusion.

One murmurs, in a fit of desperation. It is only when we visit a village, we realise that there are some facilities, comforts and opportunities in the cities which makes it worth living and sometimes more preferable too. Thus, life in a big city is a mixed bag of advantages and disadvantages.

10 Lines on Life in a Big City

Life in a Big city is a mixture of opposites.
Wealth and Poverty live side by side.
With all the amenities of modern life available in the city people tend to move to cities.
You can have the best education facilities here.
Cities offer great career opportunities and lucrative business options.
Big Cities are well connected with other parts of the country making it a big advantage.
With the rising unemployment in rural areas, more people are looking out for a good education, thus
population in cities is increasing day by day.
People aspire for a whiff of fresh air as there is pollution all around.
Cost of living is high making it difficult to survive for certain people.
All we can say is life in a big city is a blend of both joy and sorrows. It’s up to you on what to decide for a happy living.
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Or check our popular categories..., essay on life in a big city.

Introduction
Advantages of Life in a Big City
Challenges of Life in a Big City
Coping with Challenges

Life in a big city is a unique experience that offers a blend of opportunities and challenges. With its bustling streets, towering skyscrapers, and diverse population, a big city is a vibrant and dynamic place to live.

Living in a big city comes with a multitude of advantages. Firstly, cities are hubs of economic activity, providing a wide range of job opportunities in various industries. This attracts people seeking employment and career growth. Additionally, big cities are often centers of education, hosting prestigious universities and institutions, offering access to quality education and research opportunities.

Cultural richness is another significant advantage of city life. Museums, theaters, galleries, and cultural events flourish, allowing residents to indulge in a diverse array of artistic experiences. Moreover, cities are melting pots of different cultures and traditions, fostering a sense of diversity and tolerance among its inhabitants.

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However, life in a big city is not without its challenges. One of the primary issues is the high cost of living. Housing, groceries, and transportation expenses can be considerably higher, making it harder for some individuals and families to make ends meet. Furthermore, the fast-paced lifestyle and constant rush can lead to stress and burnout.

Another challenge is congestion and pollution. Traffic jams and crowded public transportation can be frustrating, while pollution can impact both physical health and the environment. Additionally, in densely populated areas, there may be a lack of green spaces, limiting opportunities for relaxation and outdoor activities.

To thrive in a big city, it’s important to adopt certain coping mechanisms and seek out solutions to address its challenges. Firstly, effective time management and prioritization can help individuals navigate the fast-paced lifestyle. Creating a balanced routine that includes leisure and relaxation is crucial for maintaining mental and physical well-being.

Finding cost-effective alternatives for daily needs, such as using public transportation or carpooling, can help mitigate the financial strain. Additionally, exploring parks, gardens, and recreational areas within the city can provide a welcome respite from the urban hustle and bustle.

In conclusion, life in a big city offers a plethora of opportunities and experiences, but it also presents its own set of challenges. By adopting effective coping mechanisms and seeking out solutions, individuals can navigate the complexities of urban living. Ultimately, a city’s vibrancy, cultural richness, and economic opportunities make it a unique and rewarding place to call home for many.

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Speech on Life in A Big City in English For Students

Big cities are also called metropolitan cities where life has a commanding social as well as economic influence. A big city is surrounded by many small towns and villages nearby from where people, especially youth go to fulfill their dreams. Many people fulfill their dreams of getting a job, having financial security and leading a stable life. In this article, we will see that the Speech On Life In A Big City can be presented in varying ways. It can be a Long Speech On Life In A Big City or a Small Speech On Life In A Big City.

Long And Short Speech on Life In A Big City

Long speech on life in a big city:.

This form of Speech On Life in a Big City is helpful for students in grades 8-12 where students can speak in detail to convey the essence of the topic.

Good morning everyone, respected Principal, Teachers, and my dear friends. I am grateful for this opportunity to speak about Life In A Big City. It helped me get a deeper insight into the lives people lead in a big city and I hope you can get to understand too.

Life in a Big City is a dream of many, and it has been a dream of mine too. A big city has other small towns and villages in their outskirts and often people from this smaller part migrate to the big cities. As people lack opportunities for growth in their field of interest or earn money they often leave their small towns in search of better jobs and to earn a living.

It is true that many dreams are fulfilled in the big city, on the other hand, many dreams are shattered in the big cities too. Life in a big city demands a very different attitude in one person to survive, get through or to make it big.

Everyone in a big city lives a competitive life. Be it students who are competing to score better, submit assignments on time and also excel in extracurricular at the same time. Their parents and adults lead busier lives and work harder to make a decent living and pay a hefty sum for the rents and cover the loans.

Certainly in the big cities, roads are better and the traffic is also more, buildings are better, a child has the choice of many career opportunities and explore their hobbies and other interests, the education system is wholesome and they do not lack job opportunities.

There are so many companies that provide jobs, and are flourishing in their respective fields and sectors. It has room for every kind of industry to be established and be a success whether it is hospitality, Information technology, sports or fashion. And everyone is trying to enter in one or the other. They enjoy travelling in luxurious cars, and have access to the latest technological developments.

This fast-paced life robs them of the time one wants to spend with their family, friends and loved ones. They also lack to enjoy the pleasure for which they work doubly hard to earn. They do not enjoy the little joys of nature because big cities do not have an abundance of it.

The competitive world and lifestyle, often stresses them mentally and physically. Their life is often draining as they tend to live on schedules and not according to their heart’s desire. Their commitments are the priority, so the big city life is not for everyone. It requires a brave and a strong person to commit to leading such a life to chase dreams, money and fame. To attain success in a big city one has to sacrifice a lot, and sometimes people cannot make that choice so their dreams are unfulfilled and shattered.

In conclusion, I would Like to add if one intends to lead a big city life they should also be ready to make sacrifices and only keep working towards their dreams and goals without getting bogged down in the journey.

Short Speech on Life In A Big City:

This is a Small Speech On Life In A Big City that will be helpful for students in grades 4-7 as it provides information about the topic in a short form with simple words.

Good morning everyone, respected Principal, teachers and students I Abc (mention your name) today have the opportunity to speak on the topic of life in a big city. Life in a big city is a demanding one, it compels you to be on your toes all the time. One is always seeking opportunities to grow and be more successful. Growth is expected from one individual in every circle of life, professional, economical, social and personal. Balancing all that is draining.

The Big city though does provide better opportunities right from the start, better roads, transportation, schools, education system, career opportunities, access to luxurious items be it cars or phones. And all sorts of industries flourish in a big city because there is a demand for it all, whether IT, or entertainment.

The lack is often experienced in other areas of life that small towns and villages get to enjoy. Nature at its best, a stroll around the garden, spending time with family and friends. Enjoying festivals and spending quality time with oneself and loved ones. Big cities fulfill the dreams of many people but in the process also rob them of little pleasures and joy.

To sum it up, if you want to make it big in life and have a thriving dream job and career you have to be mentally strong and competitive enough to ride the ladder to success. It is not an easy journey and takes a lot of time, effort and sacrifices.

10 Line Speech on Life In A Big City

This 10 Line Small Speech On Life In A Big City is helpful for students in grades 1-3 using simpler words and keeping it short.

A big city is considered a metropolitan city with advancements in all aspects of life.

Big city life is competitive, fast-paced, success-driven and materialistic.

They have good roads, buildings, schools, and businesses.

It is overcrowded and yet everyone is lonely.

They don’t have time for one another or for family and friends.

The community is not very close-knit.

They lead individualistic lives.

They are devoid of simple pleasures of life like nature, greenery and leisure time for near and dear ones.

Life in a big city can be mentally, physically and emotionally draining.

One needs to have the right attitude and competitiveness to make it big in a city.

Speech on Experiencing Life In A Big City

Good morning teachers and dear students

I'm excited and just as nervous to give a speech today. I have been in this school for almost 12 years and I have been in this city since the day I was born, which is 17 years ago. I have seen this small town has turned into a big city and things have changed dramatically. Good changes are always welcome but few changes get you upset . Don’t get me wrong, life in a big city is more convenient, as there are many advantages here, such as very easy transportation, easy online marketing, increased potential for business projects, and increased potential, quality higher institutes etc, but life becomes a bit artificial because people are mostly far from nature here. Due to the tall buildings, it is rare to see the rising sun and the starry sky at night. With the increase in the number of vehicles, noise, industries, pollution has started to increase. Things are readily available in big cities, but people rarely value what is readily available. I also remember the kids in our school a few years ago, they were disciplined and obedient, but now the children are ignorant. However, knowledge is increasing with access to various forms of knowledge such as televisions, mobile phones, laptops, and so on. These devices are just as harmful to young children. These sources of knowledge move away from books, magazines and newspapers and are not well suited for children.

Life in a big city is very attractive, but weekends can be spent in malls, grand theaters, discos and pubs, so these infrastructures create a huge gap between relationships. People don't spend time together. They want to see the status of strangers on social media rather than love their loved ones. Elderly parents sit at home alone, and teenagers are busy posting emotional and philosophical dialogues on social media.

I mourn the situation today because I feel that living in a big city is wrong and I am not even aware that we are living an artificial life. Most people want to live a luxurious life in a big city. In the silence of material happiness, people overlook the true happiness we encounter almost every day in the form of rain, breeze, sunshine, sky and flowers in the park, and many others. You can also see that many factories are open in big cities. This can be beneficial as it is easier to get things at a cheaper price. These factories are just as harmful to the ecosystem. Despite their disadvantages, there are also benefits of city life as there are people from all over the country who are connected and mixed with their culture. Every day you learn something new from your neighbor. I am not against city life, but I would like you to realize how to value things and people. You need to take good care of your relatives, friends, teachers and elders. You have to play a lot outdoors, run, and breathe in the fresh air. Use electronic gadgets only when needed to collect important information. Respect your elders and love your youth. Only then is life in a big city worth living.

FAQs on Speech on Life in a Big City

1. What are the advantages of city life?

Cities provide more exposure and job opportunities to people seeking jobs and figuring out their careers. The online system has made everything easier and convenient, from ordering food and clothes to calling a cab to your house, it is all very easy. You find better hospitals and good ranked, highly equipped educational institutes.

2. What are the disadvantages of living in a city?

City means crowd, you will not find a peaceful environment around you. With the increase in the number of vehicles, noise, industries, pollution has started to increase. Tall buildings have blocked the views of sunrise and sunset, even the sunlight from entering the house. Living in the city can be very expensive too.

3. Is city life more advanced than village life?

Yes, it is more advanced than village life as life in the city is full of work and no rest, from technologies to the structure, everything is of the latest technology and design. Materials used for construction are also of high quality.

4. Is city life tiring and hectic?

Yes, it is more tiring and hectic as people have no time to rest and be stress-free. It is a rat race and everyone wants to be the best. It is overcrowded and noisy all the time. It is true when they say that the city never sleeps. A lot of places are open 27/7.

5. What advantages do business owners have in cities?

Business tends to thrive more in the cities, and the owners have an additional advantage of conveyance of materials. It is easier to spread the business from one city to another because of more reach and easier access to things. Networking in a city is so strong.

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Essay on “Life in a big city” Complete Essay for Class 10, Class 12 and Graduation and other classes.

Life in a big city

Life in a big city is artificial. Man is completely cut off from nature. He has no contact with the sun, the moon and the stars. Life in a city is no doubt comfortable, but the happiness is not found in cities. People in a city are always in a hurry. They do not find joy in living. They work like the slaves according to a fixed routine. They are mere feeling fewer machines. They are mad after the material comforts of life. They have no peace of mind. They have pale faces and sunken eyes. Many of the city people live in crowded areas. They don’t inhale fresh air. Some of the industrial cities are very dirty. Karana, the bigger city of Pakistan, is said to be the dirties city of the world. Even Kolkata is a very dirty city. The city people are selfish, greedy and cunning. They may dress well and have very good manners. But they are selfish creatures. City dwellers live a life of fever and fret.

Life in a city is a mixture of opposites. On the one hand there are very tall buildings. Oh the other hand is dirty slums. Wealth and poverty live side by side in cities. People die or starvation and overeating in cities. Beautiful buildings exist side by side with smoky factories.

Cities have some attraction which villages do not have. For this reason many people in the villages leaves for cities. All the amenities of modern life are available in cities. We can have the best education in a city. Cities are the centers of trade and industry. People do not feel lonely or bored in a city. There are several recreational facilities available in a city. There are good hospitals and libraries in a city. But these facilities are lack in gin villages. Cities are also centers of political activities.

We can say that life in a big city is a mixture of joys and sorrows. All the comforts of life are available in a city. Burt a city is full of evil thighs as well. There are brothels and gambling dens which have influence on the lives of young men.

Essay No. 2

Life in a Big City

No doubt, life in a big city is very hot and full of glamour but the dark side behind it is far more fearful. The noise and the bustle, the smoke and dust, the air of haste and unrest bewilder a countryman. A man who lives in the country finds city life most unpleasant. Accustomed to all his days to take life easily he feels himself an alien. He loses his hearings amidst the unceasing noise and feels in a state of high tension.

But a man born and bred in the city has different feelings altogether. He is accustomed to this crowd and “busy hum of men” and he makes quick adjustments with the problems and complications each day brings forth before him. Life to him is an exciting adventure, full of novelty and unexpectedness at every turn.

With the rising unemployment in rural areas and more and more people getting good education, the population in big cities is increasing day by day. More and more people come to cities for opportunities in business, higher education, jobs and specialist medical aids. The growing presence of multinationals in cities like Delhi, Bombay, Kolkata and the like attracts thousands of youth to seek employment in them. The expansion of business opportunities is also inviting lots of people to the cities. Thus the hustle and bustle, noise, pollution is increasing day by day in cities. The big cities are expanding day by day on all sides where hundreds of housing colonies are developing along with many business establishments. The older residents of these cities prefer to settle in outside areas to escape noise and pollution of the main city. In spite of all the problems of the cities people continue struggling all their lives to work in this environment of busy hum. Everyone is busy. None has time to even talk to his neighbour or relative. Everyone lives his individual life. The social contacts are absent. The lust for money is increasing day by day. The value of properties has gone sky- up. There is no value of life. Accidents happen everywhere every day. This is a mad- rush. People aspire for a whiff of fresh air. People have no time to take rest. They cannot sleep soundly because of the tension of work and competition. Everyone does his work in the hardest competition truth and honesty is very rare in big cities. You are liable to be cheated at every stage , so you also prefer to cheat others. This is mad – race for false prestige and power. Everyone wants to reach the top by hook or crook. Delicacies are rampant in big cities. Duplicate of everything is available. Duplicate medicines, clothes, toys, machines, watches, cameras, spare parts, electric and electronic equipment are available everywhere. It is very difficult to find out the genuine and reject the duplicate.

In spite of all this there is a strange attraction of life in cities which keeps people stick to them. Besides, the opportunities of employment and bread – earning are easily available if you are person to work and show you excellence, the big cities provide big careers for the diligent professionals. They reach the top as the opportunities are many.

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commentscomments

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100 percent sure the best essay on this topic i have ever read . Good Work keep it up

Value-based one. Thanks

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there are much drawbacks of city life i need material for charms in city life

not good because it is standard form not outstanding

It is good essay it reality in our life

I lit too much nice

Perfect essay

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I think if there are some quotations it’ll look more better like: “God made the country,man made the town”

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Brilliant essy😂♥️The city people are selfish greedy and cunning 🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣💯💯💯💯💯💯

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Life in a Big City Essay for 10th Class

The famous proverb is ALL THAT GLITTERS IS NOT GOLD. Everything has advantages and disadvantages. Life in a big city is fascinating. But it also has some disadvantages as well. Life in a big city is really fast. Day by day many people migrate to big cities. Where there City life has charms, it also has some unattractiveness. Everyone wants to live in big cities but they don’t know the disadvantages of city life. Life in the city is a mixture of good and bad things. Life is totally artificial in big cities. A man in the city has comfort but he has been cut off from nature. (Life in a Big City Essay for 10th class with Quotations).

Man’s course begins in a garden, but it ends in a city. (Alexander Maclaren)

Life in a Big City Essay for 10th Class, 2nd Year With Quotations

People mainly focus on their source of earnings to fulfill their basic needs and have a good life. There are a lot of opportunities for jobs. People avail that opportunity and earn a reasonable amount of money. The main purpose of migration from small cities or villages to large cities is to avail the best earning opportunities, get a good education, and better health facilities.

Also Check: A Visit to a Hill Station

Life in a Big City Essay for 10th Class, 2nd Year With Quotations

Big cities comprise tall buildings, busy roads, heavy traffic, big hospitals, civilized people, shopping malls, and convenient transportation services. The life of a city is full of entertainment. Cities have good educational institutes like schools colleges universities medical colleges business schools law colleges and teaching hospitals. People can easily get an excellent education in these institutes. There is the quick and easy availability of health services. In a city, all types of power supply gas supply water supply are available in every corner of a city. Cities have a large population but people have no time for others. A famous quote in this aspect is:

“City life is millions of people being lonesome together. (Henry David Thoreau)”

Also Check: Why I Love Pakistan

On the other hand city life also has some disadvantages. There is too much pollution like noise pollution and air pollution. There are a lot of dirty slums, people live in small houses. A clean atmosphere is just available on a few grounds. The environment is full of smoke and smog. People are suffering from cardiac diseases chest diseases eye problems psychiatric issues and their main reason is pollution. People are unable to get a pure diet. Cleanliness peace is limited to posh areas which are out of reach of the poor. Nothing is free in the city. A person can not get anything without money. There are great hustle and bustle of city life. Everything is hastening. (Life in a Big City Essay for 2nd Year With Quotations)

If you live in a dirty big city, it means that you surely need a pastoral life to make yourself clean.

(MEHMET Murad)

Village life is full of peace, greenery, a pure diet, and a healthy environment! People have time for others. They live happily. City life has so many advantages and disadvantages. Everything has a bright and dark picture as well. Every citizen has a duty to make their living place better. Responsible citizens can make their cities excellent living places after adopting different measures. Like planting more trees, decomposing slums, proper and equal use, and availability of water electricity, and gas. Avoiding extra transport usage. Minimize pollution at a personal level. It is an administrative duty to ensure a pure and healthy diet for the citizens. We can make city life an ideal life.

This city is what it is because our citizens are what they are. (Plato)

As a dedicated career counselor, my mission is to empower Pakistani students in their educational and career pursuits. By identifying each student's unique strengths and interests. we aim to unlock your potential and align your aspirations with the evolving job market, guiding you towards a fulfilling career.

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Top 25 Life in a Big City Essay Quotations

In this post I am sharing, top 25 Quotations on Life in a Big City for Students of all grades. Life in a Big City Essay Quotations could be used in your essays at the appropriate place. This post is especially for the Students of FSC 2nd Year who like to write Quotes in their essays. I have a huge list of Essays with Quotations for the Students of FSC Part 2 which I Have already shared in this post . Many students like easy essay wording and they choose standard essays to prepare for their English Paper. However, some brilliant students like Outstanding Essays for them. For those Students, I have shared a list of Essay Quotations in English.

So, the students who have their own essay and want only Life in a Big City Essay Quotations can choose the most appropriate 4 to 5 quotations as per their essays. However, if you are a student of Class 12, and you need the full essay, you can visit this link to get a complete Essay on Life in a Big City with Quotations. On ilmihub , you will also find a big list of Essay Quotations in English . Students can write the same essay quotations for the essays, Essay on Life in a Big City Advantages and disadvantages, Essay on My City with Quotations, Essay on City Life with Quotations and Essay on Life in a big city with quotations.

Quotations on Life in a Big City Essay for FSC 2nd Year | Class 12 Students

“Man’s course begins in a garden, but it ends in a city.” – (Alexander Maclaren)
“If you would be know and not be known, live in a city.” (Colton)
“If you live in a dirty big city, it means that you surely need a pastoral life to make yourself clean.” – (Mehmet Murat Ildan)
“The people are the city.” (Shakespeare)
“I have never felt salvation in nature. I love cities above all.” – (Michelangelo)
“This city is what it is because our citizens are what they are.” – (Plato)
“God made the country, and man made the town.” (William Cowper)
“City life is millions of people being lonesome together.” – (Henry David Thoreau)
““I have affection for a great city. I feel safe in the neighbourhood of man, and enjoy the sweet security of the streets.” – (Henry Wadsworth Longfellow)
“In cities no one is quiet but many are lonely.” – (Fisher)
“A great city is not to be confounded with a populous one.” – (Aristotle)
“Cities, like cats, will reveal themselves at night.” – (Rupert Brooke)
“We are in Danger of making our cities places where business goes on but where life, in its real sense, is lost.” – (Huber Humphrey)
“We do not look in great cities for our best morality.” – (Jane Austen)
“No city should be too large for a man to walk out of in a morning.” – (Cyril Connolly)
“The city is like a great house, and the house in its turn a small city.” – (Leon Battista Alberti)
“But a city is more than a place in space, it is a drama in time.” – (Patrick Geddes)
“It’s kind of beautiful to sit inside a bus and see a city from the windows.” – (Yung Lean)
” What I like about cities is that everything is king size, the beauty and the ugliness.” – (Joseph Brodsky)
“A city is the expanding product of the human hand and mind, reflecting man’s history, his struggle for freedom, creativity, genius and his selfishness and errors.” – (Charles Abrams)
“Anyone who thinks small towns are friendlier than big cities lives in a big city.” – (Richard Peck)
“The city is not a concrete jungle, it is a human zoo.” – (Desmond Moriss)
“We are in danger of making our cities places where business goes on but where life, in its real sense, is lost.” – (Hubert H. Humphrey)
Nothing is good or bad but thinking makes it so.” – (Shakespeare)
Recreation is not only joy but need of a man.” – (Anonymus)

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There is a saying, "God made the country and man made the town.

City is a place where you find everything except the love of nature -zahid

When a city offers everything quick, it offers the death quick too - Sue Grey

City life is millions of people being lonesome together. - Henry David

The city is not a concrete jungle, it is a human zoo.- Desmond Moriss

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Life in a Big City Essay

Life in a big city can be described as fast, flowing and largely cut off from the nature. While it offers good opportunities and modern facilities, it can be quite exhaustive and stressful. Yet those who live in big cities are accustomed to the life there and find it hard to adjust in a small town or village.

Long and Short Essay on Life in a Big City in English

Here are essay on Life in a Big City of varying lengths to help you with the topic in your exam. You can select any Life in a Big City Essay as per your need:

Short Essay on Life in a Big City – Essay 1 (200 words)

Life in a big city is mostly fast paced. There is a lot of competition all around. Everyone wants to do better than the other and they keep struggling day and night to further their aim.

Essay on Life in a Big City – Opportunity for Students – Essay 2 (300 words)

Introduction

Better Infrastructure; Better Education

Variety of Courses

Essay on Life in a Big City – Personal, Professional and Economical Growth – Essay 3 (400 words)

Personal Growth in Big Cities

Professional Growth in Big Cities

Economic Growth and Big Cities

Many new businesses are set up in the big cities each year. As these businesses grow and flourish they contribute towards the economic growth of the country.

Essay on Life in a Big City Advantages and Disadvantages – Essay 4 (500 words)

Advantages of Life in a Big City

Here are some of the advantages of life in a big city:

Infrastructure

Healthcare Facilities

Recreational Activities

Education and Career Opportunities

Disadvantages of Life in a Big City

Here are some of the disadvantages of life in a big city:

High Cost of Living

Constant Hustle and Bustle

There is constant hustle and bustle in the big cities. People work twenty four-seven in these cities. The roads are always full of traffic as the people here are always on the move.

High Pollution Level

High Competition

There is competition at every step in the big cities. This competition and urge to stay ahead of the others can be quite taxing and stressful.

Long Essay on Life in a Big City – Essay 5 (600 words)

Endless Opportunities

Life of Isolation

Comfort at the Cost of Peace

Life in a big city seems to be a cake walk but it is actually quite tough. It can be extremely challenging. Not everyone can survive here.

Related Information:

Essay on My City

Essay on City Life Vs Village Life

Speech on Life in a Big City

Money essay, music essay, importance of education essay, education essay, newspaper essay, my hobby essay.

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Published: 31 August 2024

Knowledge mapping and evolution of research on older adults’ technology acceptance: a bibliometric study from 2013 to 2023

Xianru Shang ORCID: orcid.org/0009-0000-8906-3216 1 ,
Zijian Liu 1 ,
Chen Gong 1 ,
Zhigang Hu 1 ,
Yuexuan Wu 1 &
Chengliang Wang ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-2208-3508 2

Humanities and Social Sciences Communications volume 11 , Article number: 1115 ( 2024 ) Cite this article

Metrics details

Science, technology and society

The rapid expansion of information technology and the intensification of population aging are two prominent features of contemporary societal development. Investigating older adults’ acceptance and use of technology is key to facilitating their integration into an information-driven society. Given this context, the technology acceptance of older adults has emerged as a prioritized research topic, attracting widespread attention in the academic community. However, existing research remains fragmented and lacks a systematic framework. To address this gap, we employed bibliometric methods, utilizing the Web of Science Core Collection to conduct a comprehensive review of literature on older adults’ technology acceptance from 2013 to 2023. Utilizing VOSviewer and CiteSpace for data assessment and visualization, we created knowledge mappings of research on older adults’ technology acceptance. Our study employed multidimensional methods such as co-occurrence analysis, clustering, and burst analysis to: (1) reveal research dynamics, key journals, and domains in this field; (2) identify leading countries, their collaborative networks, and core research institutions and authors; (3) recognize the foundational knowledge system centered on theoretical model deepening, emerging technology applications, and research methods and evaluation, uncovering seminal literature and observing a shift from early theoretical and influential factor analyses to empirical studies focusing on individual factors and emerging technologies; (4) moreover, current research hotspots are primarily in the areas of factors influencing technology adoption, human-robot interaction experiences, mobile health management, and aging-in-place technology, highlighting the evolutionary context and quality distribution of research themes. Finally, we recommend that future research should deeply explore improvements in theoretical models, long-term usage, and user experience evaluation. Overall, this study presents a clear framework of existing research in the field of older adults’ technology acceptance, providing an important reference for future theoretical exploration and innovative applications.

Research progress and intellectual structure of design for digital equity (DDE): A bibliometric analysis based on citespace

Exploring the role of interaction in older-adult service innovation: insights from the testing stage

Smart device interest, perceived usefulness, and preferences in rural Alabama seniors

Introduction.

In contemporary society, the rapid development of information technology has been intricately intertwined with the intensifying trend of population aging. According to the latest United Nations forecast, by 2050, the global population aged 65 and above is expected to reach 1.6 billion, representing about 16% of the total global population (UN 2023 ). Given the significant challenges of global aging, there is increasing evidence that emerging technologies have significant potential to maintain health and independence for older adults in their home and healthcare environments (Barnard et al. 2013 ; Soar 2010 ; Vancea and Solé-Casals 2016 ). This includes, but is not limited to, enhancing residential safety with smart home technologies (Touqeer et al. 2021 ; Wang et al. 2022 ), improving living independence through wearable technologies (Perez et al. 2023 ), and increasing medical accessibility via telehealth services (Kruse et al. 2020 ). Technological innovations are redefining the lifestyles of older adults, encouraging a shift from passive to active participation (González et al. 2012 ; Mostaghel 2016 ). Nevertheless, the effective application and dissemination of technology still depends on user acceptance and usage intentions (Naseri et al. 2023 ; Wang et al. 2023a ; Xia et al. 2024 ; Yu et al. 2023 ). Particularly, older adults face numerous challenges in accepting and using new technologies. These challenges include not only physical and cognitive limitations but also a lack of technological experience, along with the influences of social and economic factors (Valk et al. 2018 ; Wilson et al. 2021 ).

User acceptance of technology is a significant focus within information systems (IS) research (Dai et al. 2024 ), with several models developed to explain and predict user behavior towards technology usage, including the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) (Davis 1989 ), TAM2, TAM3, and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) (Venkatesh et al. 2003 ). Older adults, as a group with unique needs, exhibit different behavioral patterns during technology acceptance than other user groups, and these uniquenesses include changes in cognitive abilities, as well as motivations, attitudes, and perceptions of the use of new technologies (Chen and Chan 2011 ). The continual expansion of technology introduces considerable challenges for older adults, rendering the understanding of their technology acceptance a research priority. Thus, conducting in-depth research into older adults’ acceptance of technology is critically important for enhancing their integration into the information society and improving their quality of life through technological advancements.

Reviewing relevant literature to identify research gaps helps further solidify the theoretical foundation of the research topic. However, many existing literature reviews primarily focus on the factors influencing older adults’ acceptance or intentions to use technology. For instance, Ma et al. ( 2021 ) conducted a comprehensive analysis of the determinants of older adults’ behavioral intentions to use technology; Liu et al. ( 2022 ) categorized key variables in studies of older adults’ technology acceptance, noting a shift in focus towards social and emotional factors; Yap et al. ( 2022 ) identified seven categories of antecedents affecting older adults’ use of technology from an analysis of 26 articles, including technological, psychological, social, personal, cost, behavioral, and environmental factors; Schroeder et al. ( 2023 ) extracted 119 influencing factors from 59 articles and further categorized these into six themes covering demographics, health status, and emotional awareness. Additionally, some studies focus on the application of specific technologies, such as Ferguson et al. ( 2021 ), who explored barriers and facilitators to older adults using wearable devices for heart monitoring, and He et al. ( 2022 ) and Baer et al. ( 2022 ), who each conducted in-depth investigations into the acceptance of social assistive robots and mobile nutrition and fitness apps, respectively. In summary, current literature reviews on older adults’ technology acceptance exhibit certain limitations. Due to the interdisciplinary nature and complex knowledge structure of this field, traditional literature reviews often rely on qualitative analysis, based on literature analysis and periodic summaries, which lack sufficient objectivity and comprehensiveness. Additionally, systematic research is relatively limited, lacking a macroscopic description of the research trajectory from a holistic perspective. Over the past decade, research on older adults’ technology acceptance has experienced rapid growth, with a significant increase in literature, necessitating the adoption of new methods to review and examine the developmental trends in this field (Chen 2006 ; Van Eck and Waltman 2010 ). Bibliometric analysis, as an effective quantitative research method, analyzes published literature through visualization, offering a viable approach to extracting patterns and insights from a large volume of papers, and has been widely applied in numerous scientific research fields (Achuthan et al. 2023 ; Liu and Duffy 2023 ). Therefore, this study will employ bibliometric methods to systematically analyze research articles related to older adults’ technology acceptance published in the Web of Science Core Collection from 2013 to 2023, aiming to understand the core issues and evolutionary trends in the field, and to provide valuable references for future related research. Specifically, this study aims to explore and answer the following questions:

RQ1: What are the research dynamics in the field of older adults’ technology acceptance over the past decade? What are the main academic journals and fields that publish studies related to older adults’ technology acceptance?

RQ2: How is the productivity in older adults’ technology acceptance research distributed among countries, institutions, and authors?

RQ3: What are the knowledge base and seminal literature in older adults’ technology acceptance research? How has the research theme progressed?

RQ4: What are the current hot topics and their evolutionary trajectories in older adults’ technology acceptance research? How is the quality of research distributed?

Methodology and materials

Research method.

In recent years, bibliometrics has become one of the crucial methods for analyzing literature reviews and is widely used in disciplinary and industrial intelligence analysis (Jing et al. 2023 ; Lin and Yu 2024a ; Wang et al. 2024a ; Xu et al. 2021 ). Bibliometric software facilitates the visualization analysis of extensive literature data, intuitively displaying the network relationships and evolutionary processes between knowledge units, and revealing the underlying knowledge structure and potential information (Chen et al. 2024 ; López-Robles et al. 2018 ; Wang et al. 2024c ). This method provides new insights into the current status and trends of specific research areas, along with quantitative evidence, thereby enhancing the objectivity and scientific validity of the research conclusions (Chen et al. 2023 ; Geng et al. 2024 ). VOSviewer and CiteSpace are two widely used bibliometric software tools in academia (Pan et al. 2018 ), recognized for their robust functionalities based on the JAVA platform. Although each has its unique features, combining these two software tools effectively constructs mapping relationships between literature knowledge units and clearly displays the macrostructure of the knowledge domains. Particularly, VOSviewer, with its excellent graphical representation capabilities, serves as an ideal tool for handling large datasets and precisely identifying the focal points and hotspots of research topics. Therefore, this study utilizes VOSviewer (version 1.6.19) and CiteSpace (version 6.1.R6), combined with in-depth literature analysis, to comprehensively examine and interpret the research theme of older adults’ technology acceptance through an integrated application of quantitative and qualitative methods.

Data source

Web of Science is a comprehensively recognized database in academia, featuring literature that has undergone rigorous peer review and editorial scrutiny (Lin and Yu 2024b ; Mongeon and Paul-Hus 2016 ; Pranckutė 2021 ). This study utilizes the Web of Science Core Collection as its data source, specifically including three major citation indices: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE), Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), and Arts & Humanities Citation Index (A&HCI). These indices encompass high-quality research literature in the fields of science, social sciences, and arts and humanities, ensuring the comprehensiveness and reliability of the data. We combined “older adults” with “technology acceptance” through thematic search, with the specific search strategy being: TS = (elder OR elderly OR aging OR ageing OR senile OR senior OR old people OR “older adult*”) AND TS = (“technology acceptance” OR “user acceptance” OR “consumer acceptance”). The time span of literature search is from 2013 to 2023, with the types limited to “Article” and “Review” and the language to “English”. Additionally, the search was completed by October 27, 2023, to avoid data discrepancies caused by database updates. The initial search yielded 764 journal articles. Given that searches often retrieve articles that are superficially relevant but actually non-compliant, manual screening post-search was essential to ensure the relevance of the literature (Chen et al. 2024 ). Through manual screening, articles significantly deviating from the research theme were eliminated and rigorously reviewed. Ultimately, this study obtained 500 valid sample articles from the Web of Science Core Collection. The complete PRISMA screening process is illustrated in Fig. 1 .

Presentation of the data culling process in detail.

Data standardization

Raw data exported from databases often contain multiple expressions of the same terminology (Nguyen and Hallinger 2020 ). To ensure the accuracy and consistency of data, it is necessary to standardize the raw data (Strotmann and Zhao 2012 ). This study follows the data standardization process proposed by Taskin and Al ( 2019 ), mainly executing the following operations:

(1) Standardization of author and institution names is conducted to address different name expressions for the same author. For instance, “Chan, Alan Hoi Shou” and “Chan, Alan H. S.” are considered the same author, and distinct authors with the same name are differentiated by adding identifiers. Diverse forms of institutional names are unified to address variations caused by name changes or abbreviations, such as standardizing “FRANKFURT UNIV APPL SCI” and “Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences,” as well as “Chinese University of Hong Kong” and “University of Hong Kong” to consistent names.

(2) Different expressions of journal names are unified. For example, “International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction” and “Int J Hum Comput Interact” are standardized to a single name. This ensures consistency in journal names and prevents misclassification of literature due to differing journal names. Additionally, it involves checking if the journals have undergone name changes in the past decade to prevent any impact on the analysis due to such changes.

(3) Keywords data are cleansed by removing words that do not directly pertain to specific research content (e.g., people, review), merging synonyms (e.g., “UX” and “User Experience,” “aging-in-place” and “aging in place”), and standardizing plural forms of keywords (e.g., “assistive technologies” and “assistive technology,” “social robots” and “social robot”). This reduces redundant information in knowledge mapping.

Bibliometric results and analysis

Distribution power (rq1), literature descriptive statistical analysis.

Table 1 presents a detailed descriptive statistical overview of the literature in the field of older adults’ technology acceptance. After deduplication using the CiteSpace software, this study confirmed a valid sample size of 500 articles. Authored by 1839 researchers, the documents encompass 792 research institutions across 54 countries and are published in 217 different academic journals. As of the search cutoff date, these articles have accumulated 13,829 citations, with an annual average of 1156 citations, and an average of 27.66 citations per article. The h-index, a composite metric of quantity and quality of scientific output (Kamrani et al. 2021 ), reached 60 in this study.

Trends in publications and disciplinary distribution

The number of publications and citations are significant indicators of the research field’s development, reflecting its continuity, attention, and impact (Ale Ebrahim et al. 2014 ). The ranking of annual publications and citations in the field of older adults’ technology acceptance studies is presented chronologically in Fig. 2A . The figure shows a clear upward trend in the amount of literature in this field. Between 2013 and 2017, the number of publications increased slowly and decreased in 2018. However, in 2019, the number of publications increased rapidly to 52 and reached a peak of 108 in 2022, which is 6.75 times higher than in 2013. In 2022, the frequency of document citations reached its highest point with 3466 citations, reflecting the widespread recognition and citation of research in this field. Moreover, the curve of the annual number of publications fits a quadratic function, with a goodness-of-fit R 2 of 0.9661, indicating that the number of future publications is expected to increase even more rapidly.

A Trends in trends in annual publications and citations (2013–2023). B Overlay analysis of the distribution of discipline fields.

Figure 2B shows that research on older adults’ technology acceptance involves the integration of multidisciplinary knowledge. According to Web of Science Categories, these 500 articles are distributed across 85 different disciplines. We have tabulated the top ten disciplines by publication volume (Table 2 ), which include Medical Informatics (75 articles, 15.00%), Health Care Sciences & Services (71 articles, 14.20%), Gerontology (61 articles, 12.20%), Public Environmental & Occupational Health (57 articles, 11.40%), and Geriatrics & Gerontology (52 articles, 10.40%), among others. The high output in these disciplines reflects the concentrated global academic interest in this comprehensive research topic. Additionally, interdisciplinary research approaches provide diverse perspectives and a solid theoretical foundation for studies on older adults’ technology acceptance, also paving the way for new research directions.

Knowledge flow analysis

A dual-map overlay is a CiteSpace map superimposed on top of a base map, which shows the interrelationships between journals in different domains, representing the publication and citation activities in each domain (Chen and Leydesdorff 2014 ). The overlay map reveals the link between the citing domain (on the left side) and the cited domain (on the right side), reflecting the knowledge flow of the discipline at the journal level (Leydesdorff and Rafols 2012 ). We utilize the in-built Z-score algorithm of the software to cluster the graph, as shown in Fig. 3 .

The left side shows the citing journal, and the right side shows the cited journal.

Figure 3 shows the distribution of citing journals clusters for older adults’ technology acceptance on the left side, while the right side refers to the main cited journals clusters. Two knowledge flow citation trajectories were obtained; they are presented by the color of the cited regions, and the thickness of these trajectories is proportional to the Z-score scaled frequency of citations (Chen et al. 2014 ). Within the cited regions, the most popular fields with the most records covered are “HEALTH, NURSING, MEDICINE” and “PSYCHOLOGY, EDUCATION, SOCIAL”, and the elliptical aspect ratio of these two fields stands out. Fields have prominent elliptical aspect ratios, highlighting their significant influence on older adults’ technology acceptance research. Additionally, the major citation trajectories originate in these two areas and progress to the frontier research area of “PSYCHOLOGY, EDUCATION, HEALTH”. It is worth noting that the citation trajectory from “PSYCHOLOGY, EDUCATION, SOCIAL” has a significant Z-value (z = 6.81), emphasizing the significance and impact of this development path. In the future, “MATHEMATICS, SYSTEMS, MATHEMATICAL”, “MOLECULAR, BIOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY”, and “NEUROLOGY, SPORTS, OPHTHALMOLOGY” may become emerging fields. The fields of “MEDICINE, MEDICAL, CLINICAL” may be emerging areas of cutting-edge research.

Main research journals analysis

Table 3 provides statistics for the top ten journals by publication volume in the field of older adults’ technology acceptance. Together, these journals have published 137 articles, accounting for 27.40% of the total publications, indicating that there is no highly concentrated core group of journals in this field, with publications being relatively dispersed. Notably, Computers in Human Behavior , Journal of Medical Internet Research , and International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction each lead with 15 publications. In terms of citation metrics, International Journal of Medical Informatics and Computers in Human Behavior stand out significantly, with the former accumulating a total of 1,904 citations, averaging 211.56 citations per article, and the latter totaling 1,449 citations, with an average of 96.60 citations per article. These figures emphasize the academic authority and widespread impact of these journals within the research field.

Research power (RQ2)

Countries and collaborations analysis.

The analysis revealed the global research pattern for country distribution and collaboration (Chen et al. 2019 ). Figure 4A shows the network of national collaborations on older adults’ technology acceptance research. The size of the bubbles represents the amount of publications in each country, while the thickness of the connecting lines expresses the closeness of the collaboration among countries. Generally, this research subject has received extensive international attention, with China and the USA publishing far more than any other countries. China has established notable research collaborations with the USA, UK and Malaysia in this field, while other countries have collaborations, but the closeness is relatively low and scattered. Figure 4B shows the annual publication volume dynamics of the top ten countries in terms of total publications. Since 2017, China has consistently increased its annual publications, while the USA has remained relatively stable. In 2019, the volume of publications in each country increased significantly, this was largely due to the global outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has led to increased reliance on information technology among the elderly for medical consultations, online socialization, and health management (Sinha et al. 2021 ). This phenomenon has led to research advances in technology acceptance among older adults in various countries. Table 4 shows that the top ten countries account for 93.20% of the total cumulative number of publications, with each country having published more than 20 papers. Among these ten countries, all of them except China are developed countries, indicating that the research field of older adults’ technology acceptance has received general attention from developed countries. Currently, China and the USA were the leading countries in terms of publications with 111 and 104 respectively, accounting for 22.20% and 20.80%. The UK, Germany, Italy, and the Netherlands also made significant contributions. The USA and China ranked first and second in terms of the number of citations, while the Netherlands had the highest average citations, indicating the high impact and quality of its research. The UK has shown outstanding performance in international cooperation, while the USA highlights its significant academic influence in this field with the highest h-index value.

A National collaboration network. B Annual volume of publications in the top 10 countries.

Institutions and authors analysis

Analyzing the number of publications and citations can reveal an institution’s or author’s research strength and influence in a particular research area (Kwiek 2021 ). Tables 5 and 6 show the statistics of the institutions and authors whose publication counts are in the top ten, respectively. As shown in Table 5 , higher education institutions hold the main position in this research field. Among the top ten institutions, City University of Hong Kong and The University of Hong Kong from China lead with 14 and 9 publications, respectively. City University of Hong Kong has the highest h-index, highlighting its significant influence in the field. It is worth noting that Tilburg University in the Netherlands is not among the top five in terms of publications, but the high average citation count (130.14) of its literature demonstrates the high quality of its research.

After analyzing the authors’ output using Price’s Law (Redner 1998 ), the highest number of publications among the authors counted ( n = 10) defines a publication threshold of 3 for core authors in this research area. As a result of quantitative screening, a total of 63 core authors were identified. Table 6 shows that Chen from Zhejiang University, China, Ziefle from RWTH Aachen University, Germany, and Rogers from Macquarie University, Australia, were the top three authors in terms of the number of publications, with 10, 9, and 8 articles, respectively. In terms of average citation rate, Peek and Wouters, both scholars from the Netherlands, have significantly higher rates than other scholars, with 183.2 and 152.67 respectively. This suggests that their research is of high quality and widely recognized. Additionally, Chen and Rogers have high h-indices in this field.

Knowledge base and theme progress (RQ3)

Research knowledge base.

Co-citation relationships occur when two documents are cited together (Zhang and Zhu 2022 ). Co-citation mapping uses references as nodes to represent the knowledge base of a subject area (Min et al. 2021). Figure 5A illustrates co-occurrence mapping in older adults’ technology acceptance research, where larger nodes signify higher co-citation frequencies. Co-citation cluster analysis can be used to explore knowledge structure and research boundaries (Hota et al. 2020 ; Shiau et al. 2023 ). The co-citation clustering mapping of older adults’ technology acceptance research literature (Fig. 5B ) shows that the Q value of the clustering result is 0.8129 (>0.3), and the average value of the weight S is 0.9391 (>0.7), indicating that the clusters are uniformly distributed with a significant and credible structure. This further proves that the boundaries of the research field are clear and there is significant differentiation in the field. The figure features 18 cluster labels, each associated with thematic color blocks corresponding to different time slices. Highlighted emerging research themes include #2 Smart Home Technology, #7 Social Live, and #10 Customer Service. Furthermore, the clustering labels extracted are primarily classified into three categories: theoretical model deepening, emerging technology applications, research methods and evaluation, as detailed in Table 7 .

A Co-citation analysis of references. B Clustering network analysis of references.

Seminal literature analysis

The top ten nodes in terms of co-citation frequency were selected for further analysis. Table 8 displays the corresponding node information. Studies were categorized into four main groups based on content analysis. (1) Research focusing on specific technology usage by older adults includes studies by Peek et al. ( 2014 ), Ma et al. ( 2016 ), Hoque and Sorwar ( 2017 ), and Li et al. ( 2019 ), who investigated the factors influencing the use of e-technology, smartphones, mHealth, and smart wearables, respectively. (2) Concerning the development of theoretical models of technology acceptance, Chen and Chan ( 2014 ) introduced the Senior Technology Acceptance Model (STAM), and Macedo ( 2017 ) analyzed the predictive power of UTAUT2 in explaining older adults’ intentional behaviors and information technology usage. (3) In exploring older adults’ information technology adoption and behavior, Lee and Coughlin ( 2015 ) emphasized that the adoption of technology by older adults is a multifactorial process that includes performance, price, value, usability, affordability, accessibility, technical support, social support, emotion, independence, experience, and confidence. Yusif et al. ( 2016 ) conducted a literature review examining the key barriers affecting older adults’ adoption of assistive technology, including factors such as privacy, trust, functionality/added value, cost, and stigma. (4) From the perspective of research into older adults’ technology acceptance, Mitzner et al. ( 2019 ) assessed the long-term usage of computer systems designed for the elderly, whereas Guner and Acarturk ( 2020 ) compared information technology usage and acceptance between older and younger adults. The breadth and prevalence of this literature make it a vital reference for researchers in the field, also providing new perspectives and inspiration for future research directions.

Research thematic progress

Burst citation is a node of literature that guides the sudden change in dosage, which usually represents a prominent development or major change in a particular field, with innovative and forward-looking qualities. By analyzing the emergent literature, it is often easy to understand the dynamics of the subject area, mapping the emerging thematic change (Chen et al. 2022 ). Figure 6 shows the burst citation mapping in the field of older adults’ technology acceptance research, with burst citations represented by red nodes (Fig. 6A ). For the ten papers with the highest burst intensity (Fig. 6B ), this study will conduct further analysis in conjunction with literature review.

A Burst detection of co-citation. B The top 10 references with the strongest citation bursts.

As shown in Fig. 6 , Mitzner et al. ( 2010 ) broke the stereotype that older adults are fearful of technology, found that they actually have positive attitudes toward technology, and emphasized the centrality of ease of use and usefulness in the process of technology acceptance. This finding provides an important foundation for subsequent research. During the same period, Wagner et al. ( 2010 ) conducted theory-deepening and applied research on technology acceptance among older adults. The research focused on older adults’ interactions with computers from the perspective of Social Cognitive Theory (SCT). This expanded the understanding of technology acceptance, particularly regarding the relationship between behavior, environment, and other SCT elements. In addition, Pan and Jordan-Marsh ( 2010 ) extended the TAM to examine the interactions among predictors of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, subjective norm, and convenience conditions when older adults use the Internet, taking into account the moderating roles of gender and age. Heerink et al. ( 2010 ) adapted and extended the UTAUT, constructed a technology acceptance model specifically designed for older users’ acceptance of assistive social agents, and validated it using controlled experiments and longitudinal data, explaining intention to use by combining functional assessment and social interaction variables.

Then the research theme shifted to an in-depth analysis of the factors influencing technology acceptance among older adults. Two papers with high burst strengths emerged during this period: Peek et al. ( 2014 ) (Strength = 12.04), Chen and Chan ( 2014 ) (Strength = 9.81). Through a systematic literature review and empirical study, Peek STM and Chen K, among others, identified multidimensional factors that influence older adults’ technology acceptance. Peek et al. ( 2014 ) analyzed literature on the acceptance of in-home care technology among older adults and identified six factors that influence their acceptance: concerns about technology, expected benefits, technology needs, technology alternatives, social influences, and older adult characteristics, with a focus on differences between pre- and post-implementation factors. Chen and Chan ( 2014 ) constructed the STAM by administering a questionnaire to 1012 older adults and adding eight important factors, including technology anxiety, self-efficacy, cognitive ability, and physical function, based on the TAM. This enriches the theoretical foundation of the field. In addition, Braun ( 2013 ) highlighted the role of perceived usefulness, trust in social networks, and frequency of Internet use in older adults’ use of social networks, while ease of use and social pressure were not significant influences. These findings contribute to the study of older adults’ technology acceptance within specific technology application domains.

Recent research has focused on empirical studies of personal factors and emerging technologies. Ma et al. ( 2016 ) identified key personal factors affecting smartphone acceptance among older adults through structured questionnaires and face-to-face interviews with 120 participants. The study found that cost, self-satisfaction, and convenience were important factors influencing perceived usefulness and ease of use. This study offers empirical evidence to comprehend the main factors that drive smartphone acceptance among Chinese older adults. Additionally, Yusif et al. ( 2016 ) presented an overview of the obstacles that hinder older adults’ acceptance of assistive technologies, focusing on privacy, trust, and functionality.

In summary, research on older adults’ technology acceptance has shifted from early theoretical deepening and analysis of influencing factors to empirical studies in the areas of personal factors and emerging technologies, which have greatly enriched the theoretical basis of older adults’ technology acceptance and provided practical guidance for the design of emerging technology products.

Research hotspots, evolutionary trends, and quality distribution (RQ4)

Core keywords analysis.

Keywords concise the main idea and core of the literature, and are a refined summary of the research content (Huang et al. 2021 ). In CiteSpace, nodes with a centrality value greater than 0.1 are considered to be critical nodes. Analyzing keywords with high frequency and centrality helps to visualize the hot topics in the research field (Park et al. 2018 ). The merged keywords were imported into CiteSpace, and the top 10 keywords were counted and sorted by frequency and centrality respectively, as shown in Table 9 . The results show that the keyword “TAM” has the highest frequency (92), followed by “UTAUT” (24), which reflects that the in-depth study of the existing technology acceptance model and its theoretical expansion occupy a central position in research related to older adults’ technology acceptance. Furthermore, the terms ‘assistive technology’ and ‘virtual reality’ are both high-frequency and high-centrality terms (frequency = 17, centrality = 0.10), indicating that the research on assistive technology and virtual reality for older adults is the focus of current academic attention.

Research hotspots analysis

Using VOSviewer for keyword co-occurrence analysis organizes keywords into groups or clusters based on their intrinsic connections and frequencies, clearly highlighting the research field’s hot topics. The connectivity among keywords reveals correlations between different topics. To ensure accuracy, the analysis only considered the authors’ keywords. Subsequently, the keywords were filtered by setting the keyword frequency to 5 to obtain the keyword clustering map of the research on older adults’ technology acceptance research keyword clustering mapping (Fig. 7 ), combined with the keyword co-occurrence clustering network (Fig. 7A ) and the corresponding density situation (Fig. 7B ) to make a detailed analysis of the following four groups of clustered themes.

A Co-occurrence clustering network. B Keyword density.

Cluster #1—Research on the factors influencing technology adoption among older adults is a prominent topic, covering age, gender, self-efficacy, attitude, and and intention to use (Berkowsky et al. 2017 ; Wang et al. 2017 ). It also examined older adults’ attitudes towards and acceptance of digital health technologies (Ahmad and Mozelius, 2022 ). Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic, significantly impacting older adults’ technology attitudes and usage, has underscored the study’s importance and urgency. Therefore, it is crucial to conduct in-depth studies on how older adults accept, adopt, and effectively use new technologies, to address their needs and help them overcome the digital divide within digital inclusion. This will improve their quality of life and healthcare experiences.

Cluster #2—Research focuses on how older adults interact with assistive technologies, especially assistive robots and health monitoring devices, emphasizing trust, usability, and user experience as crucial factors (Halim et al. 2022 ). Moreover, health monitoring technologies effectively track and manage health issues common in older adults, like dementia and mild cognitive impairment (Lussier et al. 2018 ; Piau et al. 2019 ). Interactive exercise games and virtual reality have been deployed to encourage more physical and cognitive engagement among older adults (Campo-Prieto et al. 2021 ). Personalized and innovative technology significantly enhances older adults’ participation, improving their health and well-being.

Cluster #3—Optimizing health management for older adults using mobile technology. With the development of mobile health (mHealth) and health information technology, mobile applications, smartphones, and smart wearable devices have become effective tools to help older users better manage chronic conditions, conduct real-time health monitoring, and even receive telehealth services (Dupuis and Tsotsos 2018 ; Olmedo-Aguirre et al. 2022 ; Kim et al. 2014 ). Additionally, these technologies can mitigate the problem of healthcare resource inequality, especially in developing countries. Older adults’ acceptance and use of these technologies are significantly influenced by their behavioral intentions, motivational factors, and self-management skills. These internal motivational factors, along with external factors, jointly affect older adults’ performance in health management and quality of life.

Cluster #4—Research on technology-assisted home care for older adults is gaining popularity. Environmentally assisted living enhances older adults’ independence and comfort at home, offering essential support and security. This has a crucial impact on promoting healthy aging (Friesen et al. 2016 ; Wahlroos et al. 2023 ). The smart home is a core application in this field, providing a range of solutions that facilitate independent living for the elderly in a highly integrated and user-friendly manner. This fulfills different dimensions of living and health needs (Majumder et al. 2017 ). Moreover, eHealth offers accurate and personalized health management and healthcare services for older adults (Delmastro et al. 2018 ), ensuring their needs are met at home. Research in this field often employs qualitative methods and structural equation modeling to fully understand older adults’ needs and experiences at home and analyze factors influencing technology adoption.

Evolutionary trends analysis

To gain a deeper understanding of the evolutionary trends in research hotspots within the field of older adults’ technology acceptance, we conducted a statistical analysis of the average appearance times of keywords, using CiteSpace to generate the time-zone evolution mapping (Fig. 8 ) and burst keywords. The time-zone mapping visually displays the evolution of keywords over time, intuitively reflecting the frequency and initial appearance of keywords in research, commonly used to identify trends in research topics (Jing et al. 2024a ; Kumar et al. 2021 ). Table 10 lists the top 15 keywords by burst strength, with the red sections indicating high-frequency citations and their burst strength in specific years. These burst keywords reveal the focus and trends of research themes over different periods (Kleinberg 2002 ). Combining insights from the time-zone mapping and burst keywords provides more objective and accurate research insights (Wang et al. 2023b ).

Reflecting the frequency and time of first appearance of keywords in the study.

An integrated analysis of Fig. 8 and Table 10 shows that early research on older adults’ technology acceptance primarily focused on factors such as perceived usefulness, ease of use, and attitudes towards information technology, including their use of computers and the internet (Pan and Jordan-Marsh 2010 ), as well as differences in technology use between older adults and other age groups (Guner and Acarturk 2020 ). Subsequently, the research focus expanded to improving the quality of life for older adults, exploring how technology can optimize health management and enhance the possibility of independent living, emphasizing the significant role of technology in improving the quality of life for the elderly. With ongoing technological advancements, recent research has shifted towards areas such as “virtual reality,” “telehealth,” and “human-robot interaction,” with a focus on the user experience of older adults (Halim et al. 2022 ). The appearance of keywords such as “physical activity” and “exercise” highlights the value of technology in promoting physical activity and health among older adults. This phase of research tends to make cutting-edge technology genuinely serve the practical needs of older adults, achieving its widespread application in daily life. Additionally, research has focused on expanding and quantifying theoretical models of older adults’ technology acceptance, involving keywords such as “perceived risk”, “validation” and “UTAUT”.

In summary, from 2013 to 2023, the field of older adults’ technology acceptance has evolved from initial explorations of influencing factors, to comprehensive enhancements in quality of life and health management, and further to the application and deepening of theoretical models and cutting-edge technologies. This research not only reflects the diversity and complexity of the field but also demonstrates a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of older adults’ interactions with technology across various life scenarios and needs.

Research quality distribution

To reveal the distribution of research quality in the field of older adults’ technology acceptance, a strategic diagram analysis is employed to calculate and illustrate the internal development and interrelationships among various research themes (Xie et al. 2020 ). The strategic diagram uses Centrality as the X-axis and Density as the Y-axis to divide into four quadrants, where the X-axis represents the strength of the connection between thematic clusters and other themes, with higher values indicating a central position in the research field; the Y-axis indicates the level of development within the thematic clusters, with higher values denoting a more mature and widely recognized field (Li and Zhou 2020 ).

Through cluster analysis and manual verification, this study categorized 61 core keywords (Frequency ≥5) into 11 thematic clusters. Subsequently, based on the keywords covered by each thematic cluster, the research themes and their directions for each cluster were summarized (Table 11 ), and the centrality and density coordinates for each cluster were precisely calculated (Table 12 ). Finally, a strategic diagram of the older adults’ technology acceptance research field was constructed (Fig. 9 ). Based on the distribution of thematic clusters across the quadrants in the strategic diagram, the structure and developmental trends of the field were interpreted.

Classification and visualization of theme clusters based on density and centrality.

As illustrated in Fig. 9 , (1) the theme clusters of #3 Usage Experience and #4 Assisted Living Technology are in the first quadrant, characterized by high centrality and density. Their internal cohesion and close links with other themes indicate their mature development, systematic research content or directions have been formed, and they have a significant influence on other themes. These themes play a central role in the field of older adults’ technology acceptance and have promising prospects. (2) The theme clusters of #6 Smart Devices, #9 Theoretical Models, and #10 Mobile Health Applications are in the second quadrant, with higher density but lower centrality. These themes have strong internal connections but weaker external links, indicating that these three themes have received widespread attention from researchers and have been the subject of related research, but more as self-contained systems and exhibit independence. Therefore, future research should further explore in-depth cooperation and cross-application with other themes. (3) The theme clusters of #7 Human-Robot Interaction, #8 Characteristics of the Elderly, and #11 Research Methods are in the third quadrant, with lower centrality and density. These themes are loosely connected internally and have weak links with others, indicating their developmental immaturity. Compared to other topics, they belong to the lower attention edge and niche themes, and there is a need for further investigation. (4) The theme clusters of #1 Digital Healthcare Technology, #2 Psychological Factors, and #5 Socio-Cultural Factors are located in the fourth quadrant, with high centrality but low density. Although closely associated with other research themes, the internal cohesion within these clusters is relatively weak. This suggests that while these themes are closely linked to other research areas, their own development remains underdeveloped, indicating a core immaturity. Nevertheless, these themes are crucial within the research domain of elderly technology acceptance and possess significant potential for future exploration.

Discussion on distribution power (RQ1)

Over the past decade, academic interest and influence in the area of older adults’ technology acceptance have significantly increased. This trend is evidenced by a quantitative analysis of publication and citation volumes, particularly noticeable in 2019 and 2022, where there was a substantial rise in both metrics. The rise is closely linked to the widespread adoption of emerging technologies such as smart homes, wearable devices, and telemedicine among older adults. While these technologies have enhanced their quality of life, they also pose numerous challenges, sparking extensive research into their acceptance, usage behaviors, and influencing factors among the older adults (Pirzada et al. 2022 ; Garcia Reyes et al. 2023 ). Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic led to a surge in technology demand among older adults, especially in areas like medical consultation, online socialization, and health management, further highlighting the importance and challenges of technology. Health risks and social isolation have compelled older adults to rely on technology for daily activities, accelerating its adoption and application within this demographic. This phenomenon has made technology acceptance a critical issue, driving societal and academic focus on the study of technology acceptance among older adults.

The flow of knowledge at the level of high-output disciplines and journals, along with the primary publishing outlets, indicates the highly interdisciplinary nature of research into older adults’ technology acceptance. This reflects the complexity and breadth of issues related to older adults’ technology acceptance, necessitating the integration of multidisciplinary knowledge and approaches. Currently, research is primarily focused on medical health and human-computer interaction, demonstrating academic interest in improving health and quality of life for older adults and addressing the urgent needs related to their interactions with technology. In the field of medical health, research aims to provide advanced and innovative healthcare technologies and services to meet the challenges of an aging population while improving the quality of life for older adults (Abdi et al. 2020 ; Wilson et al. 2021 ). In the field of human-computer interaction, research is focused on developing smarter and more user-friendly interaction models to meet the needs of older adults in the digital age, enabling them to actively participate in social activities and enjoy a higher quality of life (Sayago, 2019 ). These studies are crucial for addressing the challenges faced by aging societies, providing increased support and opportunities for the health, welfare, and social participation of older adults.

Discussion on research power (RQ2)

This study analyzes leading countries and collaboration networks, core institutions and authors, revealing the global research landscape and distribution of research strength in the field of older adults’ technology acceptance, and presents quantitative data on global research trends. From the analysis of country distribution and collaborations, China and the USA hold dominant positions in this field, with developed countries like the UK, Germany, Italy, and the Netherlands also excelling in international cooperation and research influence. The significant investment in technological research and the focus on the technological needs of older adults by many developed countries reflect their rapidly aging societies, policy support, and resource allocation.

China is the only developing country that has become a major contributor in this field, indicating its growing research capabilities and high priority given to aging societies and technological innovation. Additionally, China has close collaborations with countries such as USA, the UK, and Malaysia, driven not only by technological research needs but also by shared challenges and complementarities in aging issues among these nations. For instance, the UK has extensive experience in social welfare and aging research, providing valuable theoretical guidance and practical experience. International collaborations, aimed at addressing the challenges of aging, integrate the strengths of various countries, advancing in-depth and widespread development in the research of technology acceptance among older adults.

At the institutional and author level, City University of Hong Kong leads in publication volume, with research teams led by Chan and Chen demonstrating significant academic activity and contributions. Their research primarily focuses on older adults’ acceptance and usage behaviors of various technologies, including smartphones, smart wearables, and social robots (Chen et al. 2015 ; Li et al. 2019 ; Ma et al. 2016 ). These studies, targeting specific needs and product characteristics of older adults, have developed new models of technology acceptance based on existing frameworks, enhancing the integration of these technologies into their daily lives and laying a foundation for further advancements in the field. Although Tilburg University has a smaller publication output, it holds significant influence in the field of older adults’ technology acceptance. Particularly, the high citation rate of Peek’s studies highlights their excellence in research. Peek extensively explored older adults’ acceptance and usage of home care technologies, revealing the complexity and dynamics of their technology use behaviors. His research spans from identifying systemic influencing factors (Peek et al. 2014 ; Peek et al. 2016 ), emphasizing familial impacts (Luijkx et al. 2015 ), to constructing comprehensive models (Peek et al. 2017 ), and examining the dynamics of long-term usage (Peek et al. 2019 ), fully reflecting the evolving technology landscape and the changing needs of older adults. Additionally, the ongoing contributions of researchers like Ziefle, Rogers, and Wouters in the field of older adults’ technology acceptance demonstrate their research influence and leadership. These researchers have significantly enriched the knowledge base in this area with their diverse perspectives. For instance, Ziefle has uncovered the complex attitudes of older adults towards technology usage, especially the trade-offs between privacy and security, and how different types of activities affect their privacy needs (Maidhof et al. 2023 ; Mujirishvili et al. 2023 ; Schomakers and Ziefle 2023 ; Wilkowska et al. 2022 ), reflecting a deep exploration and ongoing innovation in the field of older adults’ technology acceptance.

Discussion on knowledge base and thematic progress (RQ3)

Through co-citation analysis and systematic review of seminal literature, this study reveals the knowledge foundation and thematic progress in the field of older adults’ technology acceptance. Co-citation networks and cluster analyses illustrate the structural themes of the research, delineating the differentiation and boundaries within this field. Additionally, burst detection analysis offers a valuable perspective for understanding the thematic evolution in the field of technology acceptance among older adults. The development and innovation of theoretical models are foundational to this research. Researchers enhance the explanatory power of constructed models by deepening and expanding existing technology acceptance theories to address theoretical limitations. For instance, Heerink et al. ( 2010 ) modified and expanded the UTAUT model by integrating functional assessment and social interaction variables to create the almere model. This model significantly enhances the ability to explain the intentions of older users in utilizing assistive social agents and improves the explanation of actual usage behaviors. Additionally, Chen and Chan ( 2014 ) extended the TAM to include age-related health and capability features of older adults, creating the STAM, which substantially improves predictions of older adults’ technology usage behaviors. Personal attributes, health and capability features, and facilitating conditions have a direct impact on technology acceptance. These factors more effectively predict older adults’ technology usage behaviors than traditional attitudinal factors.

With the advancement of technology and the application of emerging technologies, new research topics have emerged, increasingly focusing on older adults’ acceptance and use of these technologies. Prior to this, the study by Mitzner et al. ( 2010 ) challenged the stereotype of older adults’ conservative attitudes towards technology, highlighting the central roles of usability and usefulness in the technology acceptance process. This discovery laid an important foundation for subsequent research. Research fields such as “smart home technology,” “social life,” and “customer service” are emerging, indicating a shift in focus towards the practical and social applications of technology in older adults’ lives. Research not only focuses on the technology itself but also on how these technologies integrate into older adults’ daily lives and how they can improve the quality of life through technology. For instance, studies such as those by Ma et al. ( 2016 ), Hoque and Sorwar ( 2017 ), and Li et al. ( 2019 ) have explored factors influencing older adults’ use of smartphones, mHealth, and smart wearable devices.

Furthermore, the diversification of research methodologies and innovation in evaluation techniques, such as the use of mixed methods, structural equation modeling (SEM), and neural network (NN) approaches, have enhanced the rigor and reliability of the findings, enabling more precise identification of the factors and mechanisms influencing technology acceptance. Talukder et al. ( 2020 ) employed an effective multimethodological strategy by integrating SEM and NN to leverage the complementary strengths of both approaches, thus overcoming their individual limitations and more accurately analyzing and predicting older adults’ acceptance of wearable health technologies (WHT). SEM is utilized to assess the determinants’ impact on the adoption of WHT, while neural network models validate SEM outcomes and predict the significance of key determinants. This combined approach not only boosts the models’ reliability and explanatory power but also provides a nuanced understanding of the motivations and barriers behind older adults’ acceptance of WHT, offering deep research insights.

Overall, co-citation analysis of the literature in the field of older adults’ technology acceptance has uncovered deeper theoretical modeling and empirical studies on emerging technologies, while emphasizing the importance of research methodological and evaluation innovations in understanding complex social science issues. These findings are crucial for guiding the design and marketing strategies of future technology products, especially in the rapidly growing market of older adults.

Discussion on research hotspots and evolutionary trends (RQ4)

By analyzing core keywords, we can gain deep insights into the hot topics, evolutionary trends, and quality distribution of research in the field of older adults’ technology acceptance. The frequent occurrence of the keywords “TAM” and “UTAUT” indicates that the applicability and theoretical extension of existing technology acceptance models among older adults remain a focal point in academia. This phenomenon underscores the enduring influence of the studies by Davis ( 1989 ) and Venkatesh et al. ( 2003 ), whose models provide a robust theoretical framework for explaining and predicting older adults’ acceptance and usage of emerging technologies. With the widespread application of artificial intelligence (AI) and big data technologies, these theoretical models have incorporated new variables such as perceived risk, trust, and privacy issues (Amin et al. 2024 ; Chen et al. 2024 ; Jing et al. 2024b ; Seibert et al. 2021 ; Wang et al. 2024b ), advancing the theoretical depth and empirical research in this field.

Keyword co-occurrence cluster analysis has revealed multiple research hotspots in the field, including factors influencing technology adoption, interactive experiences between older adults and assistive technologies, the application of mobile health technology in health management, and technology-assisted home care. These studies primarily focus on enhancing the quality of life and health management of older adults through emerging technologies, particularly in the areas of ambient assisted living, smart health monitoring, and intelligent medical care. In these domains, the role of AI technology is increasingly significant (Qian et al. 2021 ; Ho 2020 ). With the evolution of next-generation information technologies, AI is increasingly integrated into elder care systems, offering intelligent, efficient, and personalized service solutions by analyzing the lifestyles and health conditions of older adults. This integration aims to enhance older adults’ quality of life in aspects such as health monitoring and alerts, rehabilitation assistance, daily health management, and emotional support (Lee et al. 2023 ). A survey indicates that 83% of older adults prefer AI-driven solutions when selecting smart products, demonstrating the increasing acceptance of AI in elder care (Zhao and Li 2024 ). Integrating AI into elder care presents both opportunities and challenges, particularly in terms of user acceptance, trust, and long-term usage effects, which warrant further exploration (Mhlanga 2023 ). These studies will help better understand the profound impact of AI technology on the lifestyles of older adults and provide critical references for optimizing AI-driven elder care services.

The Time-zone evolution mapping and burst keyword analysis further reveal the evolutionary trends of research hotspots. Early studies focused on basic technology acceptance models and user perceptions, later expanding to include quality of life and health management. In recent years, research has increasingly focused on cutting-edge technologies such as virtual reality, telehealth, and human-robot interaction, with a concurrent emphasis on the user experience of older adults. This evolutionary process demonstrates a deepening shift from theoretical models to practical applications, underscoring the significant role of technology in enhancing the quality of life for older adults. Furthermore, the strategic coordinate mapping analysis clearly demonstrates the development and mutual influence of different research themes. High centrality and density in the themes of Usage Experience and Assisted Living Technology indicate their mature research status and significant impact on other themes. The themes of Smart Devices, Theoretical Models, and Mobile Health Applications demonstrate self-contained research trends. The themes of Human-Robot Interaction, Characteristics of the Elderly, and Research Methods are not yet mature, but they hold potential for development. Themes of Digital Healthcare Technology, Psychological Factors, and Socio-Cultural Factors are closely related to other themes, displaying core immaturity but significant potential.

In summary, the research hotspots in the field of older adults’ technology acceptance are diverse and dynamic, demonstrating the academic community’s profound understanding of how older adults interact with technology across various life contexts and needs. Under the influence of AI and big data, research should continue to focus on the application of emerging technologies among older adults, exploring in depth how they adapt to and effectively use these technologies. This not only enhances the quality of life and healthcare experiences for older adults but also drives ongoing innovation and development in this field.

Research agenda

Based on the above research findings, to further understand and promote technology acceptance and usage among older adults, we recommend future studies focus on refining theoretical models, exploring long-term usage, and assessing user experience in the following detailed aspects:

Refinement and validation of specific technology acceptance models for older adults: Future research should focus on developing and validating technology acceptance models based on individual characteristics, particularly considering variations in technology acceptance among older adults across different educational levels and cultural backgrounds. This includes factors such as age, gender, educational background, and cultural differences. Additionally, research should examine how well specific technologies, such as wearable devices and mobile health applications, meet the needs of older adults. Building on existing theoretical models, this research should integrate insights from multiple disciplines such as psychology, sociology, design, and engineering through interdisciplinary collaboration to create more accurate and comprehensive models, which should then be validated in relevant contexts.

Deepening the exploration of the relationship between long-term technology use and quality of life among older adults: The acceptance and use of technology by users is a complex and dynamic process (Seuwou et al. 2016 ). Existing research predominantly focuses on older adults’ initial acceptance or short-term use of new technologies; however, the impact of long-term use on their quality of life and health is more significant. Future research should focus on the evolution of older adults’ experiences and needs during long-term technology usage, and the enduring effects of technology on their social interactions, mental health, and life satisfaction. Through longitudinal studies and qualitative analysis, this research reveals the specific needs and challenges of older adults in long-term technology use, providing a basis for developing technologies and strategies that better meet their requirements. This understanding aids in comprehensively assessing the impact of technology on older adults’ quality of life and guiding the optimization and improvement of technological products.

Evaluating the Importance of User Experience in Research on Older Adults’ Technology Acceptance: Understanding the mechanisms of information technology acceptance and use is central to human-computer interaction research. Although technology acceptance models and user experience models differ in objectives, they share many potential intersections. Technology acceptance research focuses on structured prediction and assessment, while user experience research concentrates on interpreting design impacts and new frameworks. Integrating user experience to assess older adults’ acceptance of technology products and systems is crucial (Codfrey et al. 2022 ; Wang et al. 2019 ), particularly for older users, where specific product designs should emphasize practicality and usability (Fisk et al. 2020 ). Researchers need to explore innovative age-appropriate design methods to enhance older adults’ usage experience. This includes studying older users’ actual usage preferences and behaviors, optimizing user interfaces, and interaction designs. Integrating feedback from older adults to tailor products to their needs can further promote their acceptance and continued use of technology products.

Conclusions

This study conducted a systematic review of the literature on older adults’ technology acceptance over the past decade through bibliometric analysis, focusing on the distribution power, research power, knowledge base and theme progress, research hotspots, evolutionary trends, and quality distribution. Using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods, this study has reached the following conclusions:

Technology acceptance among older adults has become a hot topic in the international academic community, involving the integration of knowledge across multiple disciplines, including Medical Informatics, Health Care Sciences Services, and Ergonomics. In terms of journals, “PSYCHOLOGY, EDUCATION, HEALTH” represents a leading field, with key publications including Computers in Human Behavior , Journal of Medical Internet Research , and International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction . These journals possess significant academic authority and extensive influence in the field.

Research on technology acceptance among older adults is particularly active in developed countries, with China and USA publishing significantly more than other nations. The Netherlands leads in high average citation rates, indicating the depth and impact of its research. Meanwhile, the UK stands out in terms of international collaboration. At the institutional level, City University of Hong Kong and The University of Hong Kong in China are in leading positions. Tilburg University in the Netherlands demonstrates exceptional research quality through its high average citation count. At the author level, Chen from China has the highest number of publications, while Peek from the Netherlands has the highest average citation count.

Co-citation analysis of references indicates that the knowledge base in this field is divided into three main categories: theoretical model deepening, emerging technology applications, and research methods and evaluation. Seminal literature focuses on four areas: specific technology use by older adults, expansion of theoretical models of technology acceptance, information technology adoption behavior, and research perspectives. Research themes have evolved from initial theoretical deepening and analysis of influencing factors to empirical studies on individual factors and emerging technologies.

Keyword analysis indicates that TAM and UTAUT are the most frequently occurring terms, while “assistive technology” and “virtual reality” are focal points with high frequency and centrality. Keyword clustering analysis reveals that research hotspots are concentrated on the influencing factors of technology adoption, human-robot interaction experiences, mobile health management, and technology for aging in place. Time-zone evolution mapping and burst keyword analysis have revealed the research evolution from preliminary exploration of influencing factors, to enhancements in quality of life and health management, and onto advanced technology applications and deepening of theoretical models. Furthermore, analysis of research quality distribution indicates that Usage Experience and Assisted Living Technology have become core topics, while Smart Devices, Theoretical Models, and Mobile Health Applications point towards future research directions.

Through this study, we have systematically reviewed the dynamics, core issues, and evolutionary trends in the field of older adults’ technology acceptance, constructing a comprehensive Knowledge Mapping of the domain and presenting a clear framework of existing research. This not only lays the foundation for subsequent theoretical discussions and innovative applications in the field but also provides an important reference for relevant scholars.

Limitations

To our knowledge, this is the first bibliometric analysis concerning technology acceptance among older adults, and we adhered strictly to bibliometric standards throughout our research. However, this study relies on the Web of Science Core Collection, and while its authority and breadth are widely recognized, this choice may have missed relevant literature published in other significant databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, potentially overlooking some critical academic contributions. Moreover, given that our analysis was confined to literature in English, it may not reflect studies published in other languages, somewhat limiting the global representativeness of our data sample.

It is noteworthy that with the rapid development of AI technology, its increasingly widespread application in elderly care services is significantly transforming traditional care models. AI is profoundly altering the lifestyles of the elderly, from health monitoring and smart diagnostics to intelligent home systems and personalized care, significantly enhancing their quality of life and health care standards. The potential for AI technology within the elderly population is immense, and research in this area is rapidly expanding. However, due to the restrictive nature of the search terms used in this study, it did not fully cover research in this critical area, particularly in addressing key issues such as trust, privacy, and ethics.

Consequently, future research should not only expand data sources, incorporating multilingual and multidatabase literature, but also particularly focus on exploring older adults’ acceptance of AI technology and its applications, in order to construct a more comprehensive academic landscape of older adults’ technology acceptance, thereby enriching and extending the knowledge system and academic trends in this field.

Data availability

The datasets analyzed during the current study are available in the Dataverse repository: https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/6K0GJH .

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This research was supported by the Social Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province in China (Grant No. 2023J014).

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Shang, X., Liu, Z., Gong, C. et al. Knowledge mapping and evolution of research on older adults’ technology acceptance: a bibliometric study from 2013 to 2023. Humanit Soc Sci Commun 11 , 1115 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-03658-2

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Short Essay on Life in a Big City - Essay 1 (200 words) Life in a big city is mostly fast paced. There is a lot of competition all around. Everyone wants to do better than the other and they keep struggling day and night to further their aim. A sense of competition is ingested in children from a very young age.
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ESSAY (life in a big city) - Free download as Word Doc (.doc / .docx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Life in a big city is fast-paced, busy, and restless. It provides many opportunities for employment, education, and personal and professional growth due to access to various facilities. However, it also comes with disadvantages like pollution, noise, lack of ...
Life in a Big City English Essay
Life in a Big City English Essay | 10th/ 12th Class English Essay Writing | Life in a Big City EssayHi Dosto, Is channel ki aik aur video mein meiy apka welc...
Essay On "Life In A Big City" In English With Quotations
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With the widespread application of artificial intelligence (AI) and big data technologies, these theoretical models have incorporated new variables such as perceived risk, trust, and privacy ...

Essay on Life in a Big City for Students and Children

Self-growth in Big Cities

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Essay on Life in a Big City

100 Words Essay on Life in a Big City

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Big City Life: Advantages and Disadvantages Essay

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Essay on Life in a Big City in English for Children and Students

Long and Short Essay on Life in a Big City in English

Short Essay on Life in a Big City 200 words – Essay Sample 1

Essay on Life in a Big City – Opportunity for Students 300 words – Essay Sample 2

Essay on Life in a Big City – Personal, Professional and Economical Growth 400 words – Essay Sample 3

Essay on Life in a Big City Advantages and Disadvantages 500 words – Essay Sample 4

Long Essay on Life in a Big City 600 words – Essay Sample 5

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IELTS Writing Task 2 Advantages and Disadvantages Essay Topic: Living in big cities is becoming more difficult

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