how to write a essay on chandrayaan 3

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Chandrayaan 3 Essay in English for School Students

Essay on chandrayaan 3 for school students: check here 100, 200 words essay on india's latest moon mission chandrayaan 3. students can also use this as a short speech for school assemblies or speech competitions. they, can also check the latest chandrayaan 3 updates to easily edit elements and elongate their essay as per their requirement..

Chandrayaan 3 Essay and Short Speech in English for School Students: Chandrayaan 3 was a gigantic success for India and now its Pragyaan rover has gone to sleep. To commemorate Chandrayaan 3 triumph and the soft landing of Vikram lander on the moon, National Space Day will be celebrated on August 23 every year as announced by PM Modi. Every Indian is proud of the soft landing of Chandrayaan 3 on the moon! In the latest update by ISRO, the propulsion module of Chandrayaan 3 has been brought back into the Earth's orbit.

As per ISRO's other update, t he Rover had completed its assignments and was parked and set into Sleep mode. The Chandrayaan 3 Rover Pragyaan had ramped down from the Lander a while after its landing on August 23rd. Pragyan rover was continuously walking on the moon and sending various details to the ISRO centre.

Related:  Chandrayaan 3: Will Pragyan Rover Wake Up Again? ALL You Need To Know 

In the vast space of our universe, where mythology and science come together so often, Chandrayaan-3 shines brightly as a symbol of India’s astral hope and exploration. It shows India's strong determination to uncover the moon's mysteries. With careful planning and robust designs, Chandrayaan-3 has gotten us closer to landing on the moon and discovering its hidden secrets. In this article, we have provided an essay on Chandrayaan in about 100 and 200 words. Students can easily refer to this essay and come up with their own modifications and tweaks in the essay body. 

Chandrayaan 3 Essay in English

Chandrayaan-3: india's latest lunar mission, chandrayaan 3 details, latest updates and information about chandrayaan 3.

• January 22, 2024

NASA Spacecraft Pings India’s Chandrayaan-3 on the Moon:

• September 22, 2023

Chandrayaan-3 Mission: Efforts have been made to establish communication with the Vikram lander and Pragyan rover to ascertain their wake-up condition. As of now, no signals have been received from them. Efforts to establish contact will continue. — ISRO (@isro) September 22, 2023

• September 5, 2023

. @NASA 's LRO spacecraft recently imaged the Chandrayaan-3 lander on the Moon’s surface. The ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization) Chandrayaan-3 touched down on Aug. 23, 2023, about 600 kilometers from the Moon’s South Pole. MORE >> https://t.co/phmOblRlGO pic.twitter.com/CyhFrnvTjT — NASA Marshall (@NASA_Marshall) September 5, 2023

• September 2, 2023

Chandrayaan-3 Mission: The Rover completed its assignments. It is now safely parked and set into Sleep mode. APXS and LIBS payloads are turned off. Data from these payloads is transmitted to the Earth via the Lander. Currently, the battery is fully charged. The solar panel is… — ISRO (@isro) September 2, 2023

Chandrayaan-3 Mission: In-situ scientific experiments continue ..... Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscope (LIBS) instrument onboard the Rover unambiguously confirms the presence of Sulphur (S) in the lunar surface near the south pole, through first-ever in-situ measurements.… pic.twitter.com/vDQmByWcSL — ISRO (@isro) August 29, 2023

• August 26, 2023: National Space Day on August 23rd, Announced by PM Modi to mark the success of Chandrayaan 3 on the moon.
• Chandrayaan 3 touchdown point on the moon will now be known as Shivshakti.
• Chandrayaan 2 touchdown point on the moon's surface will now be known as Tiranga Point.

Chandrayaan-3 Mission: Here are the first observations from the ChaSTE payload onboard Vikram Lander. ChaSTE (Chandra's Surface Thermophysical Experiment) measures the temperature profile of the lunar topsoil around the pole, to understand the thermal behaviour of the moon's… pic.twitter.com/VZ1cjWHTnd — ISRO (@isro) August 27, 2023

Chandrayaan-3 Mission: All planned Rover movements have been verified. The Rover has successfully traversed a distance of about 8 meters. Rover payloads LIBS and APXS are turned ON. All payloads on the propulsion module, lander module, and rover are performing nominally.… — ISRO (@isro) August 25, 2023

Chandrayaan-3 Mission: Chandrayaan-3 ROVER: Made in India 🇮🇳 Made for the MOON🌖! The Ch-3 Rover ramped down from the Lander and India took a walk on the moon ! More updates soon. #Chandrayaan_3 #Ch3 — ISRO (@isro) August 24, 2023

• August 23, 2023: India's lunar mission Chandrayaan 3 has successfully landed on the south pole of the moon.
• August 20, 2023: The Lander Module is in 25 km x 134 km orbit. Powered descent is expected to commence on August 23, 2023, around 1745 Hrs. IST
• August 19, 2023: The Lander Module is in 113 km x 157 km orbit around the moon. Second de-boosting is planned for August 20, 2023
• August 17, 2023: Lander Module is successfully separated from the Propulsion Module. Deboosting planned for August 18, 2023
• August 16, 2023: The spacecraft is in an orbit of 153 km x 163 km after the firing on August 16, 2023
• August 14, 2023: The mission is in the orbit circularisation phase. The spacecraft is in 151 km x 179 km orbit
• August 09, 2023: Chandrayaan-3's orbit is reduced to 174 km x 1437 km following a manoeuvre performed on August 9, 2023
• July 06, 2023: The launch is scheduled for July 14, 2023, at 14:35 Hrs. IST from the Second Launch Pad, SDSC-SHAR, Sriharikota

Chandrayaan History - Chandrayaan 1, 2 and 3

Is chandrayaan-3 successfully landed on moon.

Yes, Chandrayaan 3 has successfully made a successful landing on the Southern pole of the Moon.

Chandrayaan-3 Mission: 'India🇮🇳, I reached my destination and you too!' : Chandrayaan-3 Chandrayaan-3 has successfully soft-landed on the moon 🌖!. Congratulations, India🇮🇳! #Chandrayaan_3 #Ch3 — ISRO (@isro) August 23, 2023

Chandrayaan 3 Photos and Videos

Chandrayaan-3 Mission: 🔍What's new here? Pragyan rover roams around Shiv Shakti Point in pursuit of lunar secrets at the South Pole 🌗! pic.twitter.com/1g5gQsgrjM — ISRO (@isro) August 26, 2023

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Chandrayaan 3 Essay in English | Best 10 Lines, 150, 250 & 500 Words Essay on Chandrayaan-3

Looking for Chandrayaan 3 Essay in English? Here, you can read 10 Lines, 150, 250 & 500 Words Essay on Chandrayaan-3 for all ages students. Chandrayaan-3, India’s lunar quest, features an orbiter, lander, and rover to unlock the Moon’s secrets. Advancing technology, international collaboration, and educational outreach amplify its scientific significance, embodying India’s space prowess and inspiring future exploration.

Best Chandrayaan 3 Essay in English:

In this article, we’ll discuss about some Essay on Chandrayaan 3 in English, catering to readers of all ages, from brief glimpses for the young to in-depth analyses for seasoned enthusiasts. Join us as we navigate the cosmos, fueled by the curiosity uniting us all.

Short Essay on Chandrayaan 3 (10 Lines)-

Chandrayaan 3, India’s third moon mission, is a space adventure making waves worldwide. Scheduled for liftoff, it aims to unlock lunar secrets. Packed with smart tech, it’s like a cosmic detective sniffing out clues on the moon’s surface.

Scientists are excited – will it find water or hidden wonders? This mission follows its successful predecessors, Chandrayaan 1 and 2, continuing India’s cosmic journey. Imagine a spaceship carrying our hopes, dreams, and discovery payload!

Chandrayaan 3 signifies India’s prowess in space exploration, marking a giant leap in lunar exploration. As it propels towards the moon, our eyes are glued to the sky, eager for the lunar tales it will share.

Chandrayaan 3 Essay in English 150 Words-

Chandrayaan 3, India’s third lunar mission, is like a cosmic detective on a thrilling journey to explore the moon. Packed with super-smart technology, it’s all set to uncover secrets on the lunar surface. Imagine it as a high-tech explorer with special tools to study the moon’s rocks and craters. Following the successful missions of Chandrayaan 1 and 2, this spacecraft is ready to continue India’s space legacy.

Scheduled for liftoff, scientists are excitedly buzzing, wondering what Chandrayaan 3 will discover. They hope it might find water or unveil new mysteries about the moon. This mission is like a space storyteller, bringing back tales from the moon to share with us here on Earth. As Chandrayaan 3 soars into space, it symbolizes India’s dedication to unraveling the wonders of the cosmos, inspiring us all to dream big and reach for the stars.

Chandrayaan 3 Essay in English 250 Words-

Here you can read the Essay on Chandrayaan 3 in English withhin 250 words. Hope you like it.

Introduction:

Chandrayaan 3, India’s third lunar exploration mission, marks a significant step in the country’s space endeavors. Following the success of Chandrayaan 2, this mission aims to unravel the mysteries of the Moon further.

Mission Objectives:

Chandrayaan 3 primarily focuses on enhancing our understanding of the lunar surface. Its objectives include:

• Studying the composition of the Moon.
• Mapping its topography.
• Investigating the presence of water molecules.

These goals align with India’s commitment to advancing scientific knowledge and technological capabilities.

Scientific Instruments:

Equipped with advanced scientific instruments, Chandrayaan 3 will carry payloads to analyze the Moon’s surface. These tools will help scientists gather valuable data about the lunar environment, contributing to global lunar research efforts.

Technological Advancements:

Building on the success of its predecessors, Chandrayaan 3 showcases India’s technological prowess. The mission incorporates innovations in spacecraft design, communication systems, and scientific instrumentation, demonstrating the country’s dedication to pushing the boundaries of space exploration.

International Collaboration:

Chandrayaan 3 fosters collaboration with the global space community. By sharing data and expertise, India aims to contribute to humanity’s collective knowledge about the Moon and create a foundation for future lunar missions.

Inspiring the Next Generation:

Beyond its scientific goals, Chandrayaan 3 is a source of inspiration for the youth. Encouraging students to pursue careers in science and technology, the mission ignites curiosity and fosters a passion for exploration.

Conclusion:

Chandrayaan 3 exemplifies India’s commitment to advancing space exploration. With its scientific objectives, technological advancements, international collaboration, and educational impact, this mission propels India further into cosmic discovery. As the spacecraft embarks on its lunar journey, it symbolizes the nation’s pursuit of knowledge and its role in the global space exploration community.

Chandrayaan 3 Essay in English 500 Words-

Here you can Explore Chandrayaan 3 Essay in English 500 Words. Hope you like it.

Chandrayaan-3 is an exciting space mission that marks India’s relentless pursuit of lunar exploration. Following the success of Chandrayaan-1 and Chandrayaan-2, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has embarked on another mission to unravel the mysteries of the Moon. Let’s delve into the key aspects of Chandrayaan-3 and its significance.

Chandrayaan-3 Mission Objectives:

The primary objective of Chandrayaan-3 is to further enhance our understanding of the Moon by conducting scientific experiments and investigations. The mission aims to build on the achievements of its predecessors, with a focus on advanced lunar exploration and technological advancements.

Key Components of Chandrayaan-3:

• Orbiter Module: The orbiter is a crucial component that orbits the Moon, carrying scientific instruments to study its surface. It plays a vital role in communication with the Earth and other mission modules.
• Lander Module: Like Chandrayaan-2, Chandrayaan-3 will feature a lander designed to make a soft landing on the lunar surface. The lander carries payloads for in-situ experiments and provides a platform for scientific observations.
• Rover Module: One of the highlights of Chandrayaan-3 is the inclusion of a rover. The rover is a mobile robotic vehicle equipped with scientific instruments, allowing it to explore the lunar surface, collect samples, and conduct experiments.

Chandrayaan-3 incorporates advancements in technology, showcasing India’s prowess in space exploration. Improved sensors, communication systems, and autonomous navigation capabilities contribute to the mission’s success.

Chandrayaan-3 involves collaboration with international space agencies and institutions in the spirit of global cooperation. This fosters the exchange of knowledge and expertise, enriching the mission’s scientific outcomes.

Scientific Significance:

Chandrayaan-3 addresses unanswered questions about the Moon’s geological and mineralogical composition. By analyzing lunar soil and rocks, scientists hope to gain insights into the Moon’s formation and evolution over time.

Educational Outreach:

To inspire the next generation of scientists and engineers, Chandrayaan-3 includes educational outreach programs. These initiatives aim to engage students in the excitement of space exploration, encouraging them to pursue careers in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM).

Challenges and Solutions:

Space missions come with inherent challenges, and Chandrayaan-3 is no exception. Engineers and scientists have worked tirelessly to overcome technical hurdles, ensuring the mission’s success. Learning from past experiences, ISRO has implemented robust measures to address potential issues.

Chandrayaan-3 represents India’s commitment to space exploration and scientific discovery. As the nation eagerly awaits the outcomes of this mission, it serves as a testament to the remarkable progress made by ISRO. Through Chandrayaan-3, India aims to expand our understanding of the Moon and inspire future generations to reach for the stars.

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Essay on Chandrayaan 3 🧑‍🚀: Timeline, Successful Landing

• Updated on  
• Mar 15, 2024

To mark the successful landing of the Chandryaan-3 on the lunar surface, the Indian Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi , announced that 23rd August will be annually celebrated as National Space Day.

This article will cover some samples of essay on Chandryaan-3. Chandrayaan-3 was the first Indian spacecraft to successfully land on the south pole of the lunar surface. It was launched on 14th July 2023 by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) from its Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC)-SHAR in Sriharikota , Andhra Pradesh. On 23rd August at 18:03 IST, the lander ‘ Vikram ‘ touched down on the lunar south pole. This showed India’s capability of safely landing on the lunar surface, thus making it the first country to step on a lunar-south pole through Chandrayaan 3 .

Master the art of essay writing with our blog on How to Write an Essay in English .

Table of Contents

• 1 Essay on Chandrayaan-3 in 100 Words
• 2 Essay on Chandrayaan 3 in English 150 Words
• 3 Essay on Chandrayaan 3 in 200 Words
• 4 Timeline of Chandryaan 3
• 5.1 Points about Chandrayaan-3

Also Read: Essay on Peer Pressure: 100, 200 and 450 Word Samples in English

Essay on Chandrayaan-3 in 100 Words

The first lunar exploration mission in the history of ISRO was Chandrayan. It was launched in the year 2008 and since then 2 more follow missions have been launched under this program. 

The second follow-up mission was launched in 2019 and followed by a third follow-up mission in 2023. The success of Chandrayaan 3 has marked the country in different records such as the first country to land on the moon’s south pole and the most cost-effective execution. 

It was launched on July 14, 2023, from Sriharikota’s SDSC SHAR and landed successfully on 23rd August 2023. The mission will be carried down for 14 Earth days i.e. the Rover on the ladder will roam around the moon and study its surface for 14 days. This successful attempt has made India very sure of further development and planned missions for the Moon.

Essay on Chandrayaan 3 in English 150 Words

Chandrayaan-3 is India’s ambitious space mission which has made India proud. It was a successful space mission aimed to conduct a soft landing at the lunar south pole of the moon through the Vikram Lander. The spacecraft is also equipped with a Rover Pragyan consisting of payloads to study the moon’s surface. Apart from this, there were 9 sensors in the Lander.

Talking about the Payloads, there were 4 payloads in the lander namely ChaSTE, ILSA, RAMBHA, and LRA. 2 Rover payloads were APXS and LIBS. The propulsion module also contains a payload i.e. SHAPE. These payloads are designed to study the moon’s surface.

Chandrayaan-3 was active for 14 Earth days in the presence of the sun. After which, the Lander and the Rover were kept to sleep on 2 September because they could not function in the absence of sunlight. Later, efforts were made to wake Lander and Rover when the sunlight hit the moon’s surface. But ISRO revealed that there were no signals from the Lander and Rover.

Despite this, the project was a successful one and it has marked the name of India in Golden words in the history of Space.

Hon’ble Prime Minister of India has named the landing spot of Chandrayaan-3 as Shiv Shakti Point.

Essay on Chandrayaan 3 in 200 Words

Chandrayaan-3 is the most successful follow-up mission in the history of Indian space missions. It was followed by the successful Chandrayaan 1 and partly successful Chandrayaan 2. It has made a successful soft landing on the lunar surface and made India the fourth country to land on the lunar surface. 

It also marked India as the first country to land on the Moon’s south pole. It examined the presence of water and also gathered some valuable scientific information and data about its mineral composition and its geology. 

One of the main objections to this lunar mission was to make a soft landing. The Rover ‘Pragyan” will roam on the lunar surface for 1 Lunar day (Around 14 Earth Days). 

The cost of Chandrayaan 3 is much less than the previous attempt which is around INR 615 Crores making it the most cost-effective lunar mission. 

Timeline of Chandryaan 3

On 7th September 2019, ISRO’s Chandryaan 2 crashed while attempting a soft landing on the lunar surface. Since then, the Indian Space Research Organisation decided to build a successor to the Chandrayaan 2.

• 06 July 2023 – Chandryaan 3 is scheduled to launch on July 14, 2023, at 14:35 Hrs. IST from the Second Launch Pad, SDSC-SHAR, Sriharikota.
• 07 July 2023 – Vehicle electrical tests completed. 
• 11 July 2023 – The ‘Launch Rehearsal’ simulation the launch preparation and process lasting 24 hours was concluded.
• 14 July 2023 – LVM3 M4 vehicle successfully launched Chandrayaan-3 into orbit. Chandrayaan-3, in its precise orbit, started its journey to the Moon.
• 15 July 2023 – The first orbit-raising manoeuvre was performed at ISTRAC/ISRO, Bengaluru. The spacecraft was in 41762 km x 173 km orbit.
• 17 July 2023 – The second orbit-raising manoeuvre was performed. The spacecraft was in 41603 km x 226 km orbit.
• 25 July 2023 – The last orbit-raising manoeuvre was performed.
• 01 August 2023 – The spacecraft entered the translunar orbit.
• 05 August 2023 – Chandrayaan-3 was successfully inserted into the lunar orbit.
• 14 August 2023 – The mission was in the orbit circularisation phase. 
• 17 August 2023 – The Lander Module was successfully separated from the Propulsion Module.
• 23 August 2023 – Chandrayaan-3 successfully reached its destination Chandrayaan-3 completed soft-landed on the moon. Congratulations, India!

Chandrayaan-3 Mission: Vikram Lander is set into sleep mode around 08:00 Hrs. IST today. Prior to that, in-situ experiments by ChaSTE, RAMBHA-LP and ILSA payloads are performed at the new location. The data collected is received at the Earth. Payloads are now switched off.… pic.twitter.com/vwOWLcbm6P — ISRO (@isro) September 4, 2023

To improve your essay writing skills, here are the top 200+ English Essay Topics for school students.

Chandrayaan-3's triumph mirrors the aspirations and capabilities of 140 crore Indians. To new horizons and beyond! Proud moment for 🇮🇳. https://t.co/4oi6w7TCGG — Narendra Modi (@narendramodi) August 23, 2023

Read More About Chandryaan 3

About Chandrayaan Project

The Chandrayaan Project is one of the most successful projects in the history of India’s space agency. It was launched by ISRO for the exploration of the lunar surface. 

The first mission i.e. Chandrayaan-1 was launched on 22 October 2008. It was a successful mission and was inserted into the lunar orbit on 8th November 2008. It marked a new success for the country and India became the fifth country in world history to reach the lunar surface. The cost of this mission was around 386 crores a lot less than any other space agency. The most prominent discovery of this mission was the presence of water molecules in the lunar south pole. It stopped communication with the base on 28 August 2009 and was declared over.

Chandrayaan-2 was followed by a second mission that was launched on 22 July 2019. It was successfully inserted into the lunar orbit on 20 August 2019 but failed to make a soft landing on the lunar surface on 6th September 2019 just 2.1 km away from the surface. However, it was declared partly successful because the orbiter was still functional for around 7.5 years.

Chandrayaan-3 Mission: The Rover completed its assignments. It is now safely parked and set into Sleep mode. APXS and LIBS payloads are turned off. Data from these payloads is transmitted to the Earth via the Lander. Currently, the battery is fully charged. The solar panel is… — ISRO (@isro) September 2, 2023

Points about Chandrayaan-3

Another successful lunar landing attempt was made recently in the year 2023 and was launched on 14 July 2023. It completed its landing and the lander “Vikram Lander” and Rover “Pragyan” landed on the lunar south pole on 23rd August 2023. 

The main aim of this mission is the same as the Chandrayaan 2 to study the atmosphere of the moon and also explore its mineral composition. It will also further explore the presence of water in the lunar surface. The cost of this follow-up mission is around INR 615 crores making it one of the most cost-effective lunar missions.

Read all of our other popular essays

The first mission of Chandrayaan i.e. Chandrayaan 1 was launched in 2008. It was followed by Chandrayaan 2 and Chandrayaan-3 in 2019 and 2023 respectively. The latest version of Chandrayaan was a successful attempt to make India the first country to land safely on the Moon’s South Pole region.

The successful attempt of Chandrayaan 3 made India the first country to land on the moon in its south pole region. 

The cost of Chandrayaan 3 is approximately 615 crores ($75 million). It is the most affordable and successful mission to land on moon in the history. 

Chandrayaan-3 was a successful mission by the Indian Space Research Organization. It has demonstrated a soft landing on the unexplored lunar south pole of the moon and conducted in-situ research. It was launched on 14 July 2023 and landed on 23 August 2023.

Hence, we hope that this blog has assisted you in comprehending what an essay on Chandrayaan 3 must include. For more information on such interesting topics, visit our  essay writing  page and follow  Leverage Edu .

Simran Popli

An avid writer and a creative person. With an experience of 1.5 years content writing, Simran has worked with different areas. From medical to working in a marketing agency with different clients to Ed-tech company, the journey has been diverse. Creative, vivacious and patient are the words that describe her personality.

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Essay on Chandrayaan

We all know that India is a developing country and it has been developing in every field. India as a country has always worked hard to show off its huge scientific achievements and progress in space research. One of its most important achievements is the historic Chandrayaan project. It was a big step forward in India’s bold plan to learn more about the moon and advance science. This important accomplishment has given people a strong feeling of national pride. To explore more about this incredible mission, let us discuss Chandrayaan in detail.

Chandrayaan 3 Essay in English

Here, we are presenting long and short essays on Chandrayaan in English for students under word limits of 100 – 150 Words, 200 – 250 words, and 500 – 600 words. This topic is useful for students of classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 in English. These provided essays will also be helpful for students preparing for different competitive exams.

10 Lines Essay on Chandrayaan (100-120 Words)

1) Chandrayaan is the first lunar exploration mission by India.

2) It was launched on October 22, 2008, by the ISRO.

3) The objective of Chandrayaan was to confirm the presence of water ice on the moon.

4) Chandrayaan-1 mission ended due to communication failure in August 2009.

5) Chandrayaan-2, the second lunar exploration mission, was launched on July 22, 2019.

6) Chandrayaan-3 was launched on 14 July 2023.

7)The LVM3 launchedChandrayaan-3 from SDSC SHAR in Sriharikota.

8)On August 23 at 6:04 p.m., the Chandrayaan-3 lander touched down on the moon.

9) India is the first country to softly land Chandrayaan-3 on the South Pole of the Moon.

10) India joined the United States, China, and Russia as the fourth country to set foot on the moon.

Short Essay on Chandrayaan (250 – 300 Words)

Introduction

Chandrayaan, India’s ambitious lunar exploration mission has been a remarkable achievement for the country’s space program. The success of this mission is evidence of India’s commitment to becoming a global leader in space exploration.

Goals of Chandrayaan

ISRO (Indian Space Research Organization) is responsible for launching Chandrayaan mission. One of the major goals of Chandrayaan was to search for water ice on the Moon. It also aimed to figure out what kinds of things are on the Moon. Chandrayaan’s instruments detected the presence of water molecules on the Moon’s surface, which was a significant finding in the field of lunar exploration.

Chandrayaan: The Series

Chandrayaan-1 was the first mission to the moon. It was launched by ISRO on October 2008. On August 28, 2009, Chandrayaan-1 stopped communicating. Shortly after that, the ISRO announced that the operation was over. On 22 July 2019 the Chandrayaan-2 mission was launched successfully. But the lander crashed when it went off track while trying to land on September 6, 2019.Chandrayaan-3 was launched on 14 July 2023 by ISRO. ISRO’s most powerful rocket, the Launch Vehicle Mark III (LVM3), was used to send Chandrayaan-3 into space from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh. On 23 August, at 6:04 PM, the Chandrayaan-3 lander landed on the south pole of the moon successfully. The ISRO said that Chandrayaan 3’s rover “Pragyaan” has finished its work on the Moon’s surface and has been put into sleep mode to make it through the Moon’s night. India is now the forth country to land on moon.

Chandrayaan has been a remarkable achievement for India’s space program. Not only has it contributed to scientific discoveries and advancements in space exploration but it has also served as a source of national pride.

Long Essay on Chandrayaan 3 (500 Words)

The word “Chandrayaan” means “moon vehicle” in Hindi. Chandrayaan is India’s first lunar exploration mission. It was a significant achievement for India as it made it the fourth country to reach the moon after the United States, Russia, and China. This mission showcased India’s prowess in space technology and opened new doors for further space exploration.

The Chandrayaan Mission

Chandrayaan was launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) in 2008. On 22 October, 2008, Chandrayaan-1 was launched from Sriharikota. It has given us spectrum data with a high level of detail about the Moon’s minerals.The mission was finally over on August 29, 2009, almost a year after it started. Chandrayaan ran for 312 days instead of the two years that had been planned, but it was successful because it met 95% of its goals. It was 22 July 2019, when Chandrayaan-2 was launched. The main goal of Chandrayaan 2 was to find out where and how much water there is on the surface of the moon. On 6 September 2019, Chandrayaan-2’s lander and rover crashed on the moon’s surface because problems came up during the last part of the journey. Even though the rover, called Vikram, didn’t land as smoothly as planned, the rest of the mission was a success. Following the previous missions, Chandrayaan-3 is launched on 14 July 2023 from Sriharikota.

Chandrayaan-3: A Glimpse

Chandrayaan-3 is the third lunar exploration mission undertaken by ISRO. It is part of India’s ambitious space program to further explore the mysteries of the Moon. The Launch Vehicle Mark-III (LVM-III) sent the Chandrayaan-3 project into space from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.Chandrayaan-3 has a lander, a rover, and a module for moving forward. The whole weight of the Chandrayaan-3 spaceship is 3,900 kg. According to ISRO, Chandrayaan-3 will have three main goals. One is to show that it is safe and easy to land on the moon’s surface. The second goal is to show how to use rovers on the moon. And the third goal is to do scientific tests on the surface of the moon.

Success of Chandrayaan-3

Chandrayaan-3 mission is the first to do the soft landing near the moon’s South Pole. The lander touched down on the moon at 6:04 p.m. on August 23.The Vikram lander began the last phase of the mission on August 17 when it detached from the propulsion module. They looked for sulphur and other minor elements, took measurements of the temperature, and watched for movement. Both the Vikram lander and the Pragyan rover were supposed to go to sleep on September 2 and 4, when the sun went down at the landing spot. On September 22, the lander and rover are scheduled to resume operations. Prime Minister Narendra Modi named the Vikram lander’s location as Shiv Shakti. He also declared August 23 as National Space Day.

Chandrayaan-3 is a significant step forward for India’s space exploration program.Chandrayaan’s success is not limited to scientific discoveries but also have socio-economic benefits for the country.Moreover, it will also inspire and motivate the younger generation to take an interest in science and technology.

I hope the above provided essay on Chandrayaan will be helpful for you to know more about the Chandrayaan mission.

FAQs: Frequently Asked Questions on Chandrayaan

Ans. India has spent about $75 million (approximately 615 crore) on Chandrayaan-3.

Ans. The Chandrayan 3 project is being led by Ritu Karidhal Shrivastava. Ritu is a scientist at ISRO who hails from Lucknow, UP.

Ans. Indian aerospace expert Sreedhara Panicker Somanath is the chairman of ISRO.

Ans. P Veeramuthuvel is the project director of Chandrayaan-3 and its goal to make a soft landing on the moon. In 2019, he also worked on the Chandrayaan 2 mission.

Ans. Mylswamy Annadurai, who held different positions in ISRO is considered as the “Moon Man of India”.

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EFSAS Commentary

Chandrayaan-3’s moon landing: a remarkable achievement that showcases india’s spirit, capabilities and resilience.

In a historic moment that drew cheers from the millions of watchers of its live telecast around the country, India on 23 August became the first nation to successfully land a spacecraft near the south pole of the Moon. Tom Acres, technology reporter of Sky News , described the event as a landmark achievement for not just India’s space programme, but also humanity’s efforts to explore the cosmos. Even though the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) of the United States (US) did successfully put humans on the Moon during the Apollo Programme more than 50 years ago, the touchdown of India’s robotic spacecraft nevertheless marks a massive achievement and pays tribute to the economic, scientific and technological progress that India has made in the just 75 years since it was left a broken, drained, impoverished and struggling nation by its colonial British rulers. The landing also demonstrated India’s continued perseverance and tenacity in achieving difficult missions. Such was the scale of the feat in the eyes of most South Asians that even the Pakistani daily Dawn commented on how Chandrayaan-3 had captivated public attention since its launch nearly six weeks ago, and noted that “India is steadily matching the achievements of established spacefaring nations” .

Chandrayaan-3 (Moon craft-3) launched from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota Range in southern India on 14 July on a mission to demonstrate new technologies and achieve India’s first soft landing on another celestial body. The spacecraft arrived in lunar orbit on 5 August, and on 17 August the lander module separated from the propulsion module and soon began its descent to the surface of the Moon. On 23 August, after a nail-biting wait, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) confirmed that Chandrayaan-3’s lander had successfully touched down on the Moon’s southern polar region, as planned. Chandrayaan-3 took much longer to reach the Moon than the Apollo missions of the 1960s and 70s as India used rockets that were much less powerful than the US did back then. Instead, Chandrayaan-3 orbited the Earth several times to gain speed before embarking on its month-long lunar trajectory. Mission control erupted in celebration as it was announced that the lander module had landed “safely and softly” .

More celebrations followed when Pragyan — Wisdom in Sanskrit — rolled out of the lander on 24 August. During its mission on the surface of the Moon, which will last for one lunar day (14 days on Earth), the rover will carry out a number of scientific experiments. It will gather rock samples, images, and data, and will run a series of experiments to determine the mineral composition of the lunar surface. The six-wheeled lander and rover module of Chandrayaan-3 is configured with payloads that will provide data to the scientific community on the properties of lunar soil and rocks, including chemical and elemental compositions.

Only three nations – the US, China, and the erstwhile Soviet Union (USSR) – have ever touched down on the Moon, but no country had thus far successfully made it to the south pole. As Tom Acres pointed out, the south pole is a long way from the region of the Moon targeted by most previous missions, including the crewed Apollo landings. The south pole has very rough terrain, with deep trenches and plenty of craters, making landing on it a challenging task. T.V. Padma, writing in the Nature journal, explained the testing conditions Chandrayaan-3 overcame by recalling that India’s 2019 Chandrayaan-2 mission had succeeded in launching an orbiter with eight functioning instruments, but the lander carrying the Moon rover crashed into the lunar surface in the final moments of landing. She wrote, “ISRO learnt from that failure and made several design changes to the lander-rover portion of the mission. These include a new laser sensor to measure the real-time velocity of the spacecraft relative to the Moon, algorithms to handle unanticipated deviations in propulsion or trajectory and better judge the landing terrain, bigger and more solar panels, more fuel, a heavier lander equipped with four sturdier legs to handle a faster landing velocity. The craft also targeted a larger landing area that was 4 kilometres by 2.4 kilometres, compared with a 0.5 km by 0.5 km region for the previous mission” .

Marc Norman, planetary geochemist at the Australian National University in Canberra, underlined that landing at the Moon’s south pole is difficult because it involves positioning the spacecraft at a different angle from previous landings. In particular, it requires putting the spacecraft into a polar orbit that is at right angles to the Moon’s orbit. Norman said, “This requires additional energy to move the spacecraft into an ‘unnatural’ orbit, which introduces uncertainties on critical aspects such as velocity and location of the spacecraft” . He added that lack of detailed data on the region’s gravity and surface characteristics compounded the problem. He elaborated by saying that “For example, if the spacecraft lands in a crater, on a slope, or the leg of the lander catches on a boulder, the mission could be compromised” .

Geologist Saumitra Mukherjee of the Jawaharlal Nehru University in New Delhi, whose team analysed images sent by India’s first lunar mission Chandrayaan-1 in 2008, pointed out that Moon quakes in the landing area added to the complexity. Torin Clark, an aerospace engineer at University of Colorado Boulder, believes that poor lighting from the Sun was another challenge. He said, “Some areas are completely in the dark, others are in the light, but with extreme sun angles, essentially blocking out any terrain features. This is in contrast to the Apollo landings, where the landing sites and timing were specifically chosen to ensure quality lighting of the lunar terrain” .

The importance of landing at the Moon’s south pole lies in the fact that it is believed that the pole’s shadowed craters contain water ice that could support a future base on the Moon, allowing astronauts and scientists to work there for extended periods. Space agencies, including NASA, have detected frozen water in the south pole craters before, but no country had ever actually ventured into the region. If water ice is really there, it could be used for fuel, oxygen, and drinking water, and provide insight into past lunar volcanoes and the origins of our own oceans. Dr. Ian Whittaker, a space physics expert at Nottingham Trent University, said: “The successful landing means the rover and station should provide us with a more accurate determination of lunar crust composition. Particularly around the lunar south pole which is a suggested location for a lunar base due to the ability to have constant sunlight for power. The instruments onboard the rover will be useful for if we want to build structures out of local material” . ISRO said that “the lunar south pole is of special interest because parts of it remain permanently in shadow, raising the possibility of sampling Moon ice for the first time. Moreover, the large craters near the lunar south pole might contain clues to the composition of the early Solar System” .

The successful landing of Chandrayaan-3 sparked huge celebrations across India. Reactions to achievement were buoyant. Sreedhara Panicker Somanath, chairman of ISRO, announced it by exclaiming, “We have achieved soft landing on the Moon. India is on the Moon” . Somnath later told a press briefing that India would next attempt a manned lunar mission, and that the landing “gives confidence to configure missions to go to the Moon, Mars, Venus, maybe even asteroids” . Chandrayaan-3’s success comes about a week before ISRO’s next major mission — its first to study the Sun — which is scheduled to launch in the first week of September.

Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, speaking by video link from South Africa where he is attending a BRICS summit, said that India was entering a historically auspicious moment. Modi said, “My dear family, when we see history being made in front of us, it makes our life blessed. This moment is the announcement of an advanced India. These moments are of invention and phenomenal growth. … We had taken a pledge on Earth and realized it on the Moon. This success belongs to all of humanity and it will help more missions by other countries in the future” .

India’s opposition parties joined the celebrations and extended congratulations. The President of India’s Congress Party and leader of the opposition Mallikarjun Kharge said that the success of Chandrayaan-3 was the “collective success of every Indian” . Kharge added, “We are deeply indebted to the remarkable hard work, unparalleled ingenuity and unflinching dedication of our scientists, space engineers, researchers and everyone involved in making this mission a triumph for India. Today, through the Chandrayaan-3, we have displayed our scientific prowess to the world” .

Congress leader Rahul Gandhi sought to bring in a historical perspective when he wrote on social media that “Chandrayaan-3’s soft landing on the uncharted lunar South Pole is the result of decades of tremendous ingenuity and hard work by our scientific community. Since 1962, India’s space programme has continued to scale new heights and inspire generations of young dreamers” .

As Canada-based writer and journalist Anusuya Datta noted in spacenews.com , “ISRO’s history is characterized by resilience, innovation, and collaboration. Established in 1969, ISRO has maintained a robust remote sensing program since 1988, offering valuable Earth Observation data in various spatial, spectral and temporal resolutions through a range of instruments. Many do not know that its PAN cameras (aboard IRS-1C) were the highest-resolution civilian cameras in the world until the launch of U.S.-based DigitalGlobe’s Ikonos satellite in 1999. ISRO’s technological prowess garnered global attention in 2013 with the success of the Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), also known as Mangalyaan. ISRO has launched 124 of its own spacecraft, including three to the Moon and one to Mars; and has facilitated the launch of 424 satellites from other countries. Its old workhorse PSLV is a prime choice for rideshare services, notable for deploying 104 satellites in a single launch in 2017, a world record until SpaceX’s Transporter-1 mission surpassed it in 2021. In 2018, ISRO completed its own navigation system, NavIC, positioning itself among the elite club of nations (U.S., Russia, China, the European Union, and partly Japan) with this capability. The Chandrayaan missions only signify the continuation of this legacy” .

International reactions were equally upbeat and encouraging. NASA Administrator Bill Nelson congratulated ISRO on the landing and said, “And congratulations to India on being the 4th country to successfully soft-land a spacecraft on the Moon. We’re glad to be your partner on this mission!” The US Department of State’s Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs said that Chandrayaan-3 success would “power” the future. It said on social media, “Your success will power the imagination and light the future of people around the world” . India has aligned itself with the US by signing an agreement on space exploration known as the Artemis Accords, a legal framework that governs activity in space. So far, nearly 30 countries have signed, allowing them to partner with the US on space missions and mandating that they adhere to a set of rules, such as publicly sharing scientific discoveries and creating “safety zones” where nations could work undisturbed on the lunar surface.

The director general of the European Space Agency (ESA), Josef Aschbacher, called the landing of Chandrayaan-3 an “incredible” event. “What a way to demonstrate new technologies and achieve India’s first soft landing on another celestial body” , he said, adding “Well done. I am thoroughly impressed” . Rolf Densing, Director of Operations at ESA’s operations centre in Darmstadt, Germany said, “Congratulations ISRO on this historic landing. ESA is proud to support the Chandrayaan-3 mission. Our ground stations are a core element of ESA’s support to its international partners, and I am pleased that with this activity, we are further strengthening ESA’s relationship with ISRO and with India. I look forward to supporting further pioneering ISRO missions, such as Aditya-L1, in the future” . ESA is providing deep space communication support to the Chandrayaan-3 mission.

Russia’s space agency Roskosmos joined in to hail India for the Moon landing. It said in a post on its Telegram channel: “Roskosmos congratulates Indian colleagues on the successful landing of the Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft. Exploration of the Moon is important for all mankind. In the future it may become a platform for deep space exploration” .

South Africa’s President Cyril Ramaphosa was among several international leaders who congratulated India on the historic Moon landing. “This for us, as the BRICS family, is a momentous occasion and we rejoice with you. We join you in the joy of this great achievement” , he said. Russian President Vladimir Putin sent his “heartfelt congratulations” to India for an “impressive” achievement. He said that “This is a big step forward in space exploration and, of course, a testament to the impressive progress made by India in the field of science and technology” . Dubai’s ruler Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum said, “India continues to make history” .

The implications of India’s impressive achievement with Chandrayaan-3 are wide. Dr. Ian Whittaker described it thus: “It is amazing to see that India have managed a soft lunar landing on only their second attempt. It indicates great things for future missions in the Chandrayaan series, and means they become a bigger player on cooperative missions in the future. Indian schoolchildren will have all watched the landing in schools. It is really seeing science in action and will inspire a new generation of space scientists and researchers” .

Former NASA official Mike Gold, who is currently the Chief Growth Officer of Redwire Space, believes that Chandrayaan-3’s success is a victory of Indian innovation, human capital and the capabilities that will take India further. He noted that what made the success of Chandrayaan-3 amazing was the “relatively little amount of resources that India has used” . Gold went on to say that “This mission will gather invaluable data to help drive our understanding of the Moon, our ability to utilise resources and ultimately where we’re going to establish settlements on the Moon” .  

Anusuya Datta feels that Chandrayaan-3’s success holds potential significance for India’s aspirations of establishing a sustained human presence on the Moon. Under the Artemis Accords, ISRO can lay claim to the landing area for mining rights. Further, a successful Chandrayaan-3 mission will catalyze innovative scientific research, facilitating groundbreaking experiments that contribute to lunar understanding, including its composition, geology, and resource potential. She opined that at the heart of India’s space journey lay a pivotal lesson in self-reliance. ISRO serves as a living testament to the remarkable potential of Indian scientists in conquering challenges. Despite bureaucratic entanglements, political intricacies, and limited resources, ISRO has shattered stereotypes, emerging as a worthy rival to the elite space club.

Kavya Karampuri, a mission systems engineer at Bengaluru-based KaleidEO that specializes in Earth-observation-based space data analytics, is of the view that India’s success will instill confidence in the technological competence of India’s space industry. It would attract global investments in the Indian private space sector, foster international collaboration, and innovation across universities, laboratories, start-ups, and research communities in India.

India’s achievement on the Moon comes at a time when its stock on earth is also rising rapidly. Nuclear-armed India became the world’s fifth-largest economy last year, and as The Guardian noted, Modi’s nationalist government is eager to showcase the country’s rising standing as a technology and space powerhouse. It added, “A successful Moon mission dovetails with Modi’s image of an ascendant India asserting its place among the global elite and would help bolster his popularity ahead of a crucial general election next year” .

The real significance of India’s lunar achievement lies in the fact that when Neil Armstrong set foot on the Moon in July 1969, poverty-stricken India was struggling with the consequences of a cruel and exploitative colonial past and ISRO had not even been established; yet, just 50-odd years later, the indomitable spirit, the resilience, and the quest for scientific knowledge and technological prowess of the Indian people has got them where very few have dared venture – as far away as the Moon.  

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Chandrayaan 3: Everything you need to know

Last updated on November 28, 2022 by ClearIAS Team

What is  Chandrayaan-3 Mission? What are the features of Chandrayaan-3 Spacecraft? What is the information gathered by Chandrayaan-2 Mission? Why are we interested in studying the moon more? Read here to know more about this.

Chandrayaan 3 spacecraft is the 3rd lunar exploration expedition, outlined by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).

It will only consist of a rover and lander and will communicate with the earth via an orbiter from Chandrayaan 2.

Table of Contents

What is the Chandrayaan-3 Mission?

The Chandrayaan-3 mission is a continuation of Chandrayaan-2, which was launched in July 2019 and had the goal of putting a rover on the lunar South Pole.

The Vikram lander’s subsequent failure prompted the development of a different mission to show off the landing skills required for the 2024 lunar polar exploration mission that is being proposed in collaboration with Japan.

It will have a landing module and an orbiter. But unlike Chandrayaan-2, this orbiter won’t be equipped with a research payload.

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Its only duties will be to launch the lander to the moon, monitor the landing from orbit, and maintain communication with the earth station.

This spacecraft was designed by ISRO to showcase India’s expertise in soft landings on stellar bodies.

According to ISRO, the Chandrayaan-3 mission will cost more than Rs 600 crores in total. In contrast, the Chandrayaan-2 mission cost a total of Rs 960 crores.

This expansive purpose includes integration, cognition, and a number of permutations. In addition, the spacecraft still needs to undergo a number of other thorough tests.

Features of Chandrayaan 3 Spacecraft

• A rover and lander will be aboard Chandrayaan 3 as it launches into space. There won’t be any orbiters like Chandrayaan 2 in it.
• India wants to look at the Moon’s surface, particularly in regions that haven’t seen sunlight in a few billion years. These darker regions of the lunar surface may contain ice and rich mineral deposits, according to scientists and astronomers.
• Additionally, this exploration will try to examine the exosphere and subsurface as well as the surface.
• This spacecraft’s rover will interact with Earth through an orbiter salvaged from Chandrayaan 2.
• At a distance of 100 km from the lunar orbit, it will take pictures of the surface in order to analyse it.
• The lander of ISRO’s Chandrayaan 3 will be powered by 4 throttle-able engines. In addition, it will be endowed with a Laser Doppler Velocimeter (LDV).

What was the Chandrayaan-2 Mission?

• An orbiter, a lander, and a rover were made up of Chandrayaan-2, and were all outfitted with tools for studying the moon.
• While the Lander and Rover modules were to be separated to make a soft landing on the moon’s surface, the Orbiter would observe the moon from a 100-km orbit.
• The Lander and Rover modules were given the names Vikram and Pragyaan, respectively, by ISRO in honour of Vikram Sarabhai, the father of India’s space programme.
• It was launched on the GSLV-Mk3, the nation’s most potent geosynchronous launch vehicle.
• However, lander Vikram crashed-landed rather than making a controlled landing, which prevented rover Pragyaan from successfully exploring the moon’s surface.
• The Orbiter, Lander, and Rover components of the Mission were assembled with the intention of investigating the Moon’s south pole.
• It sought to explore the Moon’s exosphere, surface, and subsurface as a whole in a single mission, rather than just one particular location.

What happened to Chandrayaan-2?

• The Chandrayaan-2 mission, which was aborted in 2019 after making a rough landing on the Moon’s dark side, is still operational thanks to its orbiter that is still in place.
• In the last seconds, the lander and rover developed a problem, crashed, and were completely destroyed.
• Chandrayaan 2’s main goal was to show off its capacity to soft-land on the moon’s surface and control a robotic rover there.
• But in the past two years, the Chandrayaan-2 mission’s Orbiter and other instruments have gathered a wealth of new data that has expanded our understanding of the Moon and its surroundings.

Read about  Chandrayaan 2 Mission  in the linked article.

What is the information gathered?

Molecules of water are present on the moon:.

The mission has provided the most accurate data to date on the existence of H2O molecules on the Moon.

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Presence of Minor elements:

Through remote sensing, the elements chromium, manganese, and sodium have all been discovered for the first time. The discovery may open up new avenues for research into planetary differentiation, nebular conditions, and lunar magmatic evolution.

Information about solar flares:

The first widespread observation of microflares outside the active area, according to ISRO, “has enormous consequences on the understanding of the mechanism driving heating of the solar corona,” a long-standing unanswered question.

Exploration of the areas that are always in shadow, as well as the craters and boulders that are hidden beneath the regolith, the loose deposit that makes up the top surface and extends down to a depth of 3 to 4 metres. This should enable scientists to pinpoint potential locations for future drilling and landing operations, including those involving people.

Why are we interested in studying the moon?

• The Moon is the closest cosmic body at which space discovery can be attempted and documented.
• It is also a promising test bed to demonstrate technologies required for deep-space missions.
• The Moon provides the best linkage to Earth’s early history.
• It offers an undisturbed historical record of the inner Solar system environment.

Why was the Lunar South Pole targeted for exploration?

• The shadow-covered portion of the lunar surface at the South Pole is significantly bigger than at the North Pole, which makes it particularly interesting.
• There might be a chance that regions nearby that are always in darkness contain water.
• A fossil record of the early Solar System can also be found in cold trap craters near the South Pole.
• The craters found at the southern pole are likewise of great interest to scientists. They think the mysterious fossil records of the early planetary system may be present in these cold traps.

What is GSLV-Mk 3?

• Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark-III was developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), is a three-stage vehicle, designed to launch communication satellites into geostationary orbit.
• It has a mass of 640 tonnes that can accommodate up to 8,000 kg payload to Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and 4000 kg payload to GTO (Geo-Synchronous Transfer Orbit).

Importance of Exploring the Moon for Scientists

• The Moon is the celestial body closest to Earth that can be used to test advanced space technology for lengthy space voyages.
• It also serves as a promising cosmic body for the exploration and comprehension of extraterrestrial regions.
• As a result, future scientists are motivated to pursue scientific research, and international cooperation is encouraged.
• Additionally, it establishes a link between the early earth and the history of the solar system..

The COVID-19 pandemic and several phases of lockdown hindered multiple scientific projects of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Along with Chandrayaan 3, the Gaganyaan, India’s 1st manned space mission has been delayed. Nevertheless, the spacecraft is now ready to travel to the Moon at the end of 2022.

Article written by: Aseem Muhammed

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Essay on Chandrayaan-3 in English for Children and Students

10 Lines on Chandrayaan-3

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In the story of India’s scientific journeys, the Chandrayaan project stands out brightly, showing the nation’s skill and modern technology. As India keeps growing and showing its strengths in different areas, its work in space research stands tall. A big step in this area is the successful Chandrayaan-3 mission. The “Essay on Chandrayaan 3 in English” tells about India’s exciting trip to the moon and how important it is for our country. It is also a way for the country to share its dream of doing more in space.

This “Chandrayaan-3 essay” is written in simple words for children and students. It helps them learn and understand about this big achievement. Whether you’re studying for class, preparing for a school event, or just curious, this essay will take you on a trip to the moon, showing India’s amazing work in space.

Chandrayaan-3 is like a magical story from India about exploring the moon. For our lower elementary or primary young kids who love tales of stars and the moon, here’s a simple way to learn about it. These “10 lines on Chandrayaan-3 in English” are short and easy, crafted especially for their eager little minds. Let’s start with the “10 lines about Chandrayaan-3” and discover this exciting lunar tale!

• Chandrayaan-3 is the ambitious third lunar mission by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO).
• It was launched on 14 July 2023 from a place called Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.
• This mission has 2 parts: a lander named Vikram, and a rover named Pragyan.
• The big goal of Chandrayaan-3 is to land safely on a special part of the Moon called the South Pole.
• The rover, Pragyan, will wander around the Moon, studying its surface and sending information back to us.
• One exciting thing it’s looking for is water ice on the Moon, as well as learning more about the Moon’s rocks and air.
• With Chandrayaan-3, India becomes one of the special countries that have sent a rover to the Moon.
• The whole mission cost about USD 77 million, which is quite a smart way of exploring space without spending too much.
• After the lessons from Chandrayaan-2, India was determined to make Chandrayaan-3 a big success.
• We’re all waiting excitedly because Chandrayaan-3 will land on the Moon around 23 August 2023, making it a special day for India!

For those curious about India’s space journey, here’s a simple “Paragraph on Chandrayaan-3” to enlighten you.

Chandrayaan 3 is one of ISRO’s most celebrated lunar missions. Launched in July 2023, it is the first lunar mission to achieve a soft landing near the lunar south pole. The mission has three main components: an orbiter, a lander called Vikram, and the Pragyan rover. One of its prime goals is to search for water ice on the Moon. Beyond its scientific pursuits, Chandrayaan-3 stands as a testament to India’s determination and capability in space exploration, especially after its experiences with Chandrayaan-2.

Eager to know about India’s lunar journey? Here’s a simple “Chandrayaan 3 Essay in English 100 Words.”

After the successes and challenges of Chandrayaan-1 and Chandrayaan-2, Chandrayaan-3 embarks as India’s renewed attempt for lunar exploration. Launched on July 14, 2023, this mission reinforces India’s dedication to demonstrating technological prowess in space. Beyond the mere exploration, its state-of-the-art instruments are set to investigate the lunar soil and provide pivotal data. As it ventures for a soft landing, Chandrayaan-3, if successful, will place India alongside global space giants like the US, Russia, and China. Beyond national pride, this mission signifies India’s undying commitment to contributing significantly to the global space community’s advancements.

Interested in India’s journey to the moon? Read on in this “Short Essay on Chandrayaan-3 for children and students in 200 words.”

Chandrayaan-3, India’s progressive lunar mission, is a testament to the nation’s ambition in space exploration, succeeding its predecessors Chandrayaan-1 and Chandrayaan-2. Engineered by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) , Chandrayaan-3 seeks a coveted soft landing on the Moon’s cradle, with a rover in tow to conduct insightful experiments and glean indispensable data. The focal point of this mission orbits around delving into the Moon’s geology, mineralogy, and exosphere, thereby enriching our comprehension of its genesis and evolution.

Integral to Chandrayaan-3’s mission is its demonstration of a secure and soft lunar landing, emphasizing the rover’s mobility and its capacity for on-site scientific investigations. Facilitating these objectives, the Lander harbors an array of avant-garde technologies, among which are velocimeters, laser and RF-based altimeters, and an intricate propulsion system. Rigorous tests, notably the Integrated Cold Test and Lander Leg Mechanism Performance Test, have been meticulously undertaken to validate these pioneering technologies under Earth’s conditions.

This mission, Chandrayaan-3, symbolizes India’s unwavering commitment to technological and scientific exploration, aspiring to cement its foothold in the elite space community. More than a testament to India’s capabilities, it’s a beacon, igniting the passions of the younger generation to chase dreams in STEM fields.

Below is a perfect essay on Chandrayaan-3 for School Students:

India continues to make giant strides in space exploration with its third lunar mission, Chandrayaan-3. This ambitious venture is aimed at reinforcing India’s position as a significant player in global space endeavors.

The Chandrayaan Legacy “Chandrayaan” translates to “moon vehicle” in Hindi. The legacy began with Chandrayaan-1, India’s first lunar probe, which orbited the moon in 2008, marking India as the fourth nation to touch the moon’s vicinity. It was followed by Chandrayaan-2 in 2019, an ambitious mission with an orbiter, a lander, and a rover. Despite facing challenges with its landing phase, the orbiter continues to send valuable data back to Earth.

The Chandrayaan-3 Mission’s Architecture

Chandrayaan-3’s design builds on previous missions. Unlike Chandrayaan-2, it concentrates on the lander and rover, utilizing the operational Chandrayaan-2 orbiter for efficient communication.    Chandrayaan-3: A New Hope Continuing the series, Chandrayaan-3 is seen as a beacon of hope and a symbol of India’s technological persistence. It is set to further India’s quest to understand the moon, especially the intriguing South Pole region. With an improved lander design and the Pragyan rover, Chandrayaan-3, unlike its predecessor, will not be accompanied by an orbiter. Instead, it will leverage the still-active orbiter of Chandrayaan-2 for communications.

Key Objectives of Chandrayaan-3 

ISRO has outlined three principal objectives for the Chandrayaan-3 mission:

• Soft and Safe Landing – The paramount objective is to achieve a gentle and secure touchdown on the moon’s terrain, underscoring India’s progress in space technology.
• Rover Operations – Once on the moon, the Pragyan rover is designed to traverse the challenging terrain, gathering invaluable data about the lunar surface.
• Scientific Exploration – Beyond the engineering feats, the mission will concentrate on scientific investigations of the Moon’s composition, including the study of soil, water, and other elements.

Scientist Behind Chandrayaan-3 

Several eminent scientists and engineers have been instrumental in the conception and realization of Chandrayaan-3:

• S Somnath , ISRO Chairman
• P VeeraMuthuVel, Project Director of Chandrayaan-3
• S Unnikrishnan Nair, Director of Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre
• A RajaRajan, Chairman of Launch Authorization Board
• M Sankaran, Director of U R Rao Satellite Centre

Challenges of Chandrayaan-3

• Soft Landing – Achieving this on the rugged lunar South Pole was challenging.
• Rover Navigation – Ensuring the Pragyan rover’s efficient navigation was crucial.
• Space Environment Hazards – Conditions like space weather and micrometeoroid impacts had to be considered.
• Communication – Establishing robust communication using the older orbiter presented challenges.

Launch and Landing of Chandrayaan 3

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) celebrated a significant achievement with the successful launch of Chandrayaan-3 on 14 July 2023 at 2:35 PM from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre. This mission epitomizes India’s advancements in space exploration, with the primary objective being to demonstrate a soft and safe landing on the lunar surface. The moment of the launch, at 2:35 PM on 14 July 2023, is now an iconic timestamp in India’s space exploration history. Essays chronicling Chandrayaan-3’s journey will undoubtedly highlight this monumental event

After a month-long voyage through space, Chandrayaan-3 accomplished its monumental landing on the moon on 23 August 2023 at 18:04 Hrs. Those who witnessed it will recall the anticipation as the live telecast of the soft landing began at 17:20 hrs Indian Standard Time on the day. This successful landing solidifies India’s position as a formidable player in space technology and exploration and stands as another sterling achievement in the nation’s space odyssey.

India’s Place in Space Exploration

With the Chandrayaan series, India has unequivocally announced its place in space exploration. Demonstrating frugality without compromising on innovation, these missions stand as testaments to India’s capabilities. Chandrayaan-3 is not just a mission; it’s a symbol of India’s aspirations and technical prowess, and a step towards exploring the mysteries of the cosmos.

Discover the interesting “information about Chandrayaan 3”, showcasing India’s ambitious strides in the vast expanse of space. As you continue, the “must-know facts about Chandrayaan 3” will surely captivate your interest, revealing the brilliance of India’s space journey.

• India’s Unique Imprint – Pragyan, Chandrayaan-3’s rover, will mark the lunar soil with India’s flag and the ISRO emblem, signifying presence on the untouched south pole.
• Low Budget – Costing ₹650 crores ($75 million), Chandrayaan-3 demonstrates India’s economic efficiency in space endeavors, standing in stark contrast to high-budget films and projects worldwide.
• South Pole Pioneer – Chandrayaan-3 has crowned India as the first nation to probe the Moon’s south pole and the fourth overall to achieve a lunar landing.
• Building on Previous Discoveries – Continuing Chandrayaan-1’s legacy, this mission aims to further explore frozen water deposits in the Moon’s colder regions.
• Lander & Rover Legacy – The mission includes a lander, “Vikram”, and a rover, “Pragyan”, named to honor stalwarts of India’s space journey, especially ISRO’s founder, Vikram Sarabhai.

Diving into the Chandrayaan-3 essay, your child will glean insights into India’s remarkable achievements in space exploration, understand the technological advancements and challenges faced, and cultivate a sense of pride in global scientific endeavors. This journey offers a blend of history, science, and inspiration.

Explore this section for Chandrayaan-3 details and the latest updates directly from the Moon.

December 5, 2023

• The Chandrayaan-3 propulsion module takes an alternate route.

September 22, 2023

• The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is currently conducting trials to restore communication with the Vikram lander and Pragyan rover.

September 5, 2023

• NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) spacecraft has captured images of the Chandrayaan-3 lander situated on the lunar surface.

September 2, 2023

• The lander and rover go into sleep mode, expected to wake up around September 22, 2023.

August 31, 2023

• The Instrument for Lunar Seismic Activity (ILSA) records ambient sounds and movements near the landing area, offering a new dimension of lunar exploration.
• The Radio Anatomy of Moon Bound Hypersensitive Ionosphere and Atmosphere – Lunar Plasma Probe (RAMBHA-LP) records measurements of the near-surface plasma content, enriching the mission’s scientific findings.

August 30, 2023

• Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS) on the Ch-3 Rover reports the identification of trace elements on the Moon’s surface.

August 29, 2023

• The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) announces the discovery of various elements near the South Pole of the Moon, including but not limited to Sulphur, Aluminium, Calcium, Iron, Chromium, Titanium, Manganese, Silicone, and Oxygen.

August 28, 2023

• Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) unambiguously confirms the presence of Sulphur on the lunar surface through in-situ measurements.

August 27, 2023

• Initial data from the Charge Analyzing System in the Time-Resolved Spectrometer (ChaSTE) payload aboard the Vikram Lander is successfully relayed back.

August 26, 2023

• The touchdown sites for both Chandrayaan 2 and 3 receive names from Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Chandrayaan 3’s site is now known as “Shivshakti,” while Chandrayaan 2’s site will be called “Tiranga Point.”

August 24, 2023

• Celebrating the phrase “Made in India. Made for the MOON,” the Ch-3 Rover successfully dismounts from the Vikram Lander, marking India’s inaugural steps on the Moon.

August 23, 2023

• Chandrayaan-3 completes a successful soft landing on the Moon, sending back the jubilant message: “I reached my destination, and you did too!”
• Prime Minister Modi declares August 23rd as National Space Day, to honor the successful landing of Chandrayaan-3 on the Moon.

If you’re looking for Chandrayaan-3 details to spice up your essay or speech on Chandrayaan-3 in English, you’re in the right place. We’ve gathered all the cool Chandrayaan-3 information you need to know, from what the mission aims to do to the awesome tech it uses. Let’s explore!”

• Total Propellant Mass – 2145.01 kg, inclusive of all modules
• Communication Setup – Equipped with an S-Band Transponder (TTC) compatible with the Indian Deep Space Network (IDSN)
• Operational Duration – Designed for a 3 to 6-month mission life, following a launch into an approximate 100 x 100 km lunar orbit.
• Orientation Sensors – Includes CASS, IRAP, and a Micro Star Sensor for accurate orientation control
• Engine System – Features a Bi-Propellant Propulsion System using Monomethylhydrazine (MMH) and Mixed Oxides of Nitrogen (MON3)
• Structural Model – Constructed as a modified version of the I-3K spacecraft
• Mass Without Fuel – Weighs 448.62 kg, which includes the pressurant
• Electric Power – Generates 738 Watts, optimized for both Summer Solstices and biased conditions
• Lunar Trajectory – Orbit ranging from 170 x 36500 km in lunar polar regions
• Mission Life Specifics – Carries a Lander Module & Rover up to approximately 100 x 100 km after launch, with subsequent operation of experimental payloads for 3 to 6 months.

1. When did the launch of Chandrayaan-3 take place?

Chandrayaan-3 embarked on its mission on July 14, 2023, lifting off from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre situated in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh.

2. Whom are the Chandrayaan-3 lander and rover named after?

The names of the Chandrayaan-3 lander and rover, Vikram and Pragyan, derive their meanings from Sanskrit, with Vikram signifying valour and Pragyan representing wisdom. Notably, the lander’s name pays homage to Vikram Sarabhai, revered as the pioneer of India’s space program.

3. What are the scientific goals of Chandrayaan-3?

Chandrayaan-3 aims to conduct scientific investigations on the Moon, building upon the achievements of its predecessors. Scientific goals include studying lunar topography, mineral composition, and lunar soil. It also involves exploring specific regions or phenomena on the Moon that were not extensively covered by Chandrayaan-2.

In conclusion, the essay on Chandrayaan-3 for kids serves as a testament to India’s formidable strides in space exploration, illuminating young minds about the nation’s lunar missions. Through this journey, we hope to inspire the next generation of space enthusiasts and dreamers.

References/Resources:

Indian Space Research Organisation ( ISRO ): https://www.isro.gov.in/Chandrayaan3.html

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• Chandrayaan 3

Chandrayaan - 3 [Latest Updates for UPSC]

India’s third lunar mission, Chandrayaan – 3 made history on August 23, 2023, by successfully achieving a soft landing on the south pole of the moon. With this, India became the first nation to land on the moon’s south pole and the fourth (after Russia, the US and China) to land successfully on Earth’s only natural satellite. In this article, you will learn all you need to know about the Chandrayaan III mission for the UPSC exam . This topic is important for the science and technology segment of the UPSC syllabus.

Chandrayaan-3 Mission

The Indian Space Research Organisation ( ISRO ) had undertaken two previous missions to the moon, namely, the Chandrayaan I and the Chandrayaan II. Chandrayaan-1 was launched in 2008 and lasted till 2009 after communications to it were lost. The mission, among other things, tested a crash landing on the lunar surface. Chandrayaan-2 , launched in 2019 attempted a soft landing on the moon but failed. The third mission, Chandrayaan-3 took into account the drawbacks and lessons learnt from the second mission and successfully achieved soft landing.

Objectives of Chandrayaan 3 Mission

• To demonstrate a safe and soft landing on the lunar surface
• To demonstrate rover roving on the moon
• To conduct in-situ scientific experiments

Chandrayaan III Features

Chandrayaan 3 mission’s lander is named Vikram and the rover Pragyan, like those of the second mission.

• The mission consists of a lander module, a propulsion module, and a rover.
• SHAPE has the objective of exploring exo-planets for habitability by studying reflected light. 
• Chandra’s Surface Thermophysical Experiment (ChaSTE) to measure the thermal conductivity and temperature
• Instrument for Lunar Seismic Activity (ILSA) for measuring the seismicity around the landing site
• Langmuir Probe (LP) to estimate the plasma density and its variations
• A passive Laser Retroreflector Array from NASA for lunar laser ranging studies
• Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS)
• Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscope (LIBS)
• The advanced technologies present in the payloads help in conducting scientific experiments on the moon.
• The mission’s life is one lunar day or 14 earth days.
• The budget of the Chandrayaan-3 mission is Rs 615 crore.

Chandrayaan 3 Mission Timeline

• Chandrayaan-3 mission took off on July 14, 2023 from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) in Sriharikota, A.P.
• On August 5, the mission entered the lunar orbit.
• On August 17, the lander module separated from the propulsion module.
• Deboosting is the slowing down of the spacecraft in an orbit where the Perilune (closest point to the Moon) is 30 km, and the farthest point (the Apolune) is 100 km from the landing site. 
• This process is necessary for the proper landing of the spacecraft.
• On August 23, the lander landed at around 69.36°S and 32.34°E (between Manzinus C and Simpelius N craters) on the south pole of the moon.
• On August 24, the rover Pragyan started its exploration.
• Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) is a scientific method using intense laser pulses to analyse material composition.

How is Chandrayaan 3 Different from Chandrayaan 2?

Many changes and improvements were made to the third lunar mission taking into account the lessons learnt from the failed soft landing mission of Chandrayaan-II. Major changes included strengthening the legs of the lander, enhancing fuel reserves and expanding the landing site. Previously, the Vikram lander of Chandrayaan-2 had lost control and communication during descent, which caused it to crash on the moon’s surface. Chandrayaan 3 focused on a failure-based design approach to foresee and prevent potential mishaps.

• The landing area was expanded giving flexibility to soft-land safely within a larger designated region on the surface of the moon.
• Vikram was equipped with more fuel enabling it to travel more towards the landing site.
• Chandrayaan 2 had only two solar panels while Chandrayaan-3 has four.
• The lander’s speed was continuously monitored by an instrument called Laser Doppler Velocimeter onboard the mission that sent laser beams to the lunar surface to calculate the Lander’s speed.

Significance of Lunar South Pole

Previous lunar missions have focused on the equatorial region of the moon owing to its favourable terrain. The south pole region is more challenging compared to the equatorial region. The lack of enough sunlight and extreme cold conditions (up to -230 degrees C) lead to difficulties in instrument operation and sustainability. The polar regions may contain water according to scientists. Also, experts think that the craters in these regions contain fossil records of the early planetary system.

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Essay on Chandrayaan-3 in English 150 Words – India’s Lunar Mission

Published by team sy on march 25, 2024 march 25, 2024.

Essay on Chandrayaan-3 in English 150 Words : In the realm of space exploration, Chandrayaan-3 stands as a beacon of India’s unwavering commitment to scientific discovery and technological advancement. Following the footsteps of its predecessors, Chandrayaan-1 and Chandrayaan-2, this lunar mission represents a significant leap forward in India’s cosmic journey. The mission’s primary objective is to achieve a soft landing on the lunar surface , carrying with it the promise of groundbreaking discoveries about the Moon’s geology, mineral composition, and more.

As we delve into the depths of Chandrayaan-3’s significance and aspirations, this article explores its goals, technological marvels, and the broader implications it holds for India’s place in the global space exploration arena. It is a testament to India’s capability to push the boundaries of space technology and its dedication to expanding the frontiers of human knowledge. Join us on this cosmic voyage as we unravel the essence of Chandrayaan-3 in just 150 words.

Table of Contents

Essay on Chandrayaan-3 in English 150 Words – Sample 1

Chandrayaan-3 represents India’s continued commitment to lunar exploration and scientific advancement. Building on the successes of Chandrayaan-1 and Chandrayaan-2, this upcoming mission aims to further unravel the mysteries of Earth’s nearest celestial neighbour.

Chandrayaan-3 is set to be a remarkable venture, designed to achieve a soft landing on the Moon’s surface. It is equipped with cutting-edge technology and scientific instruments to gather crucial data about the lunar terrain, mineral composition, and geology.

The mission’s success would not only enhance our understanding of the Moon but also contribute to India’s growing reputation in space exploration. Chandrayaan-3 showcases the nation’s prowess in space technology and its dedication to pushing the boundaries of scientific discovery.

As India gears up for this exciting lunar expedition, the world watches with anticipation, eager to witness the groundbreaking discoveries that Chandrayaan-3 promises to deliver. It’s another significant step forward in humanity’s quest to explore the cosmos and unlock the secrets of the universe.

Know ISRO’s Upcoming Missions

Essay on Chandrayaan-3 in English 150 Words – Sample 2

Chandrayaan-3, India’s next lunar mission, stands as a testament to the nation’s unwavering dedication to space exploration. Building on the successes and experiences gained from Chandrayaan-1 and Chandrayaan-2, this mission represents a significant stride forward in India’s lunar odyssey.

The primary goal of Chandrayaan-3 is to achieve a soft landing on the lunar surface, demonstrating India’s prowess in space technology. It is equipped with advanced scientific instruments designed to enhance our understanding of the Moon’s geology, composition, and mineral resources.

The success of Chandrayaan-3 would not only bolster India’s reputation in the global space community but also contribute valuable insights into lunar science. It underscores the nation’s commitment to scientific research and technological innovation.

As India prepares to embark on this remarkable lunar journey, the world eagerly awaits the outcomes of Chandrayaan-3. It signifies another step towards unravelling the mysteries of our celestial neighbour, the Moon, and reaffirms India’s role as a prominent player in the realm of space exploration.

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Essay on Chandrayaan-3 in English 150 Words – Sample 3

Chandrayaan-3 marks India’s resolute pursuit of lunar exploration and scientific discovery. Building upon the achievements of Chandrayaan-1 and Chandrayaan-2, this mission signifies India’s commitment to unravelling the mysteries of the Moon.

The primary objective of Chandrayaan-3 is to achieve a successful soft landing on the lunar surface, a challenging feat that carries enormous scientific potential. Equipped with state-of-the-art technology and instruments, the mission aims to analyze the Moon’s terrain, mineral composition, and geological history in greater detail.

This mission not only showcases India’s technological prowess but also reflects the nation’s dedication to space exploration and its role in international scientific collaboration. Chandrayaan-3 has captured the world’s attention, raising expectations for groundbreaking discoveries and invaluable contributions to lunar science.

As India embarks on this exciting lunar endeavour, it reinforces the nation’s position in the global space exploration community and symbolizes the country’s unwavering commitment to the pursuit of knowledge and exploration beyond our planet. Chandrayaan-3 is poised to continue India’s remarkable journey of lunar exploration and scientific achievement.

FAQs on Chandrayaan-3 Essay

Chandrayaan-3 is India’s third lunar mission. It is a robotic mission that had a soft landing of the lander and rover on the Moon’s south pole. The mission was launched in August 2023.

Chandrayaan-3 is a significant mission for India’s space program. It is the first time that India had a soft landing of a spacecraft on the Moon’s south pole. The mission will help India to become a leading player in the global space race.

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Essay on Chandrayaan 3

Today, we are sharing  Essay on Chandrayaan 3 in English.  This article can help students who are looking for information  about Essay on Chandrayaan 3.  This is straightforward and easy to remember. The level of difficulty is moderate, making it accessible for any student to write on this topic.

Essay on Chandrayaan 3 (150-250 words)

Chandrayaan 3 is the third lunar mission by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). It was launched on 15 July 2023 and successfully touched down on the Moon’s south pole on 23 August 2023, making India the first country to land on the lunar south pole.

The mission consists of a lander, a rover, and an orbiter. The lander, Vikram, will deploy the rover, Pragyan, which will explore the Moon’s surface. The orbiter will orbit the Moon and collect data about the Moon’s atmosphere, surface, and interior.

The main goal of Chandrayaan 3 is to search for water ice on the Moon. Water ice is a valuable resource for future human exploration of the Moon. It can be used for drinking, growing food, and producing fuel. Chandrayaan 3 will also study the Moon’s geology, history, and environment.

The successful landing of Chandrayaan-3 is a major achievement for India’s space program. It is only the fourth country to successfully land a spacecraft on the Moon, and the first to land on the south pole. This accomplishment is a testament to the hard work and dedication of the ISRO team.

The landing of Chandrayaan-3 will allow scientists to study the Moon’s south pole in greater detail. This region is thought to be rich in water ice, which could be a valuable resource for future human exploration of the Moon. The data collected by Chandrayaan-3 will also help scientists to better understand the Moon’s geology, history, and environment.

The successful landing of Chandrayaan-3 is a proud moment for India. It is a testament to the country’s growing capabilities in space exploration. This achievement will inspire future generations of Indian scientists and engineers to dream big and reach for the stars.

The mission is expected to last for one year, and it will provide valuable data that will help scientists to better understand the Moon and its potential for future human exploration. The success of Chandrayaan-3 is a major milestone in India’s space program, and it will help the country to become a leading player in the global space race.

essay on chandrayaan 3 (500 Words)

In addition to the scientific goals of Chandrayaan 3, the mission also has a number of technological objectives. These include testing new technologies for landing and navigation, and developing new ways to communicate with spacecraft in deep space. The success of Chandrayaan 3 will help ISRO to develop even more advanced spacecraft in the future.

The successful landing of Chandrayaan-3 is a major step forward for India’s space program. It is a testament to the country’s growing capabilities in space exploration, and it will help India to become a leading player in the global space race.

The mission is also a symbol of India’s commitment to peaceful space exploration. India has always been a responsible spacefaring nation, and Chandrayaan 3 is a continuation of that tradition. The mission will help to promote international cooperation in space exploration, and it will inspire future generations of scientists and engineers around the world.

I hope this essay has given you a better understanding of Chandrayaan 3 and its significance. It is a truly remarkable achievement, and it is a proud moment for India.

essay on chandrayaan 3 (1000 Words)

Here are some of the scientific objectives of Chandrayaan 3:

• To search for water ice on the Moon.
• To study the Moon’s geology and composition.
• To study the Moon’s atmosphere and environment.
• To study the Moon’s history and evolution.
• To develop new technologies for landing and navigation.
• To develop new ways to communicate with spacecraft in deep space.

The success of Chandrayaan 3 will help India to achieve these objectives and make significant contributions to the field of space exploration. It will also help to inspire future generations of Indian scientists and engineers to pursue careers in space exploration.

The mission is a major milestone in India’s space program, and it is a testament to the country’s growing capabilities in space exploration. It is a proud moment for India, and it will inspire future generations of scientists and engineers around the world.

Also Read:- 10 lines on Chandrayaan 3

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100, 200, 300, 350 & 400 Word Essay on Chandrayaan-3 in English & Hindi

Table of Contents

Introduction

Chandrayaan-3 is India’s ambitious lunar mission, following in the footsteps of its predecessors, Chandrayaan-1 and Chandrayaan-2. Chandrayaan-3 is India’s second attempt to land softly on the Moon. It is a project undertaken by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) to land on the moon’s surface and deploy a rover to conduct experiments and gather valuable data. The mission studies the moon’s geology, mineralogy, and exosphere. This will contribute to our understanding of the moon’s origin and evolution. 

250 Words Expository Essay on Chandrayaan-3

Chandrayaan-3 is the third lunar exploration mission of India’s space program. It is being jointly developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and the Russian space agency, Roscosmos. The mission was announced in 2020 and is expected to be launched in 2021. The mission’s primary objective is to perform an unmanned soft landing on the Moon.

The mission will be carried out by the GSLV Mk-III launch vehicle and will include an orbiter, a lander, and a rover. The orbiter will map the lunar surface and study its topography, mineralogy, and exosphere. The lander will deploy the rover, which will explore the lunar surface and search for water and other minerals.

The mission will also carry out various experiments, such as a Raman spectrometer to study the lunar surface composition and mineralogy, a mass spectrometer to analyze the atmosphere, and a neutron spectrometer to search for water and ice. In addition, the mission will also conduct a synthetic aperture radar experiment to map the lunar surface and study its composition.

Chandrayaan-3 is expected to provide valuable data for the scientific community. This will help us understand the Moon’s geology, composition, and environment. It will also be used to study the solar system’s evolution and life’s origin.

Chandrayaan-3 is a significant mission, as it marks the first time India has undertaken a Moon mission. This mission will also be a great opportunity for India to demonstrate its space exploration capabilities. The data and information gathered during the mission will also be used to develop new technologies and create new opportunities for space exploration.

300 Words Argumentative Essay on Chandrayaan-3

Chandrayaan-3 is India’s third lunar exploration mission, currently under planning. It is set to launch in 2021 following Chandrayaan-2’s success. The mission aims to explore the moon’s south polar region, which has never been studied before. By doing so, it could potentially uncover new information about the moon’s composition, origin, and past.

The Chandrayaan-3 mission is an ambitious undertaking and has the potential to revolutionize our understanding of the moon. It will be the first mission to explore the moon’s south polar region, which is largely unexplored. This region is believed to contain a wealth of minerals, including water and ice, which could support future human exploration. Additionally, the mission could uncover new information about the moon’s past, providing valuable insight into its formation and evolution.

On the other hand, there are also some potential drawbacks to the mission. First, Chandrayaan-3 is a costly endeavor, and success is not guaranteed. It is also unclear how much enlightening information the mission will uncover, as the south-polar region has never been studied before. Finally, the mission could be dangerous for astronauts if they are sent to the moon’s surface, as the area is largely unexplored and could contain unknown risks.

In conclusion, Chandrayaan-3 is an ambitious mission that could revolutionize our moon understanding. It has the potential to uncover new information about the moon’s composition, origin, and past, as well as to provide valuable insight into its formation and evolution. However, it is also an expensive and potentially dangerous endeavor, and its success is not guaranteed. It is imperative to weigh the pros and cons carefully before deciding whether or not to pursue the mission.

350 Words persuasive Essay on Chandrayaan-3

Chandrayaan-3, India’s third moon mission, is an exciting prospect for space exploration. It is a mission that will explore the lunar surface for the first time since the Chandrayaan-2 mission in 2019. This mission is set to launch in 2021 and will be a major milestone in India’s space exploration goals.

Chandrayaan-3 will be an ambitious mission that explores the lunar surface in greater detail than ever before. This mission will be the first to deploy a rover on the moon’s surface to collect samples and conduct experiments. Additionally, the mission will deploy an orbiter and a lander to the moon. The orbiter will be equipped with a high-resolution camera and a spectrometer to map the lunar surface and observe the moon’s environment. The lander will be equipped with seismometers and other instruments to measure the moon’s internal structure.

The mission will also focus on finding water evidence on the moon. This is a major goal of Chandrayaan-3, as water is a vital resource for humans on the moon. The mission will also search for minerals that could be used for resource extraction.

Chandrayaan-3 is a crucial mission for India’s space exploration efforts. It will provide a wealth of data that can further our understanding of the moon and its environment. Additionally, the mission will provide valuable insight into the moon’s potential as a resource for human exploration and colonization.

The mission will also be a significant step in India’s space exploration ambitions. As India’s space exploration capabilities expand, Chandrayaan-3 will be a major milestone in this process. The mission will demonstrate India’s ability to explore space on its own and serve as a stepping stone for future missions.

In conclusion, Chandrayaan-3 is an ambitious mission that will explore the moon’s surface and environment in greater detail than ever before. It will be a major milestone in India’s space exploration ambitions and provide valuable data for future missions. The mission will also be a crucial step in India’s space exploration efforts and will demonstrate India’s capabilities in this area

400 Words Descriptive Essay on Chandrayaan-3

Chandrayaan-3 is the third mission of India’s lunar exploration program developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). The mission is proposed to be launched in 2021 and is expected to land at the Moon’s south pole. This mission is a follow-up mission to Chandrayaan-2 which was launched in July 2019, and will go to the Moon’s surface.

Chandrayaan-3 is designed to land a rover on the lunar surface and explore the region for the mineral and chemical composition of the Moon. The mission will also carry a lander and a rover to the lunar surface. The lander will measure the mineral and chemical composition of the surface. The rover will map the terrain and collect samples for further analysis.

The mission will also be equipped with a variety of instruments and cameras to study the lunar surface and its environment. These instruments will analyze the lunar surface for its composition and characteristics. In addition, they will be used to study the lunar environment and its atmosphere. This data will help us in understanding the origin and evolution of the Moon.

The mission will also carry a variety of payloads including a Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), a Lunar Infrared Imaging System (LIRIS), a High-Resolution Camera (HRC), and a Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) system. The SAR will be able to study the Moon’s surface in greater detail and detect the presence of water or ice on the surface. LIRIS will be used to measure the lunar surface temperature and the HRC will be utilized to take high-resolution pictures of the surface. LIBS will analyze the composition of rocks and soils on the lunar surface.

The mission will also conduct experiments on the lunar surface. These experiments will include studies of the lunar environment, the measurement of the Moon’s magnetic field, and the study of the Moon’s gravitational field.

Chandrayaan-3 is an ambitious project and is expected to be a major milestone in India’s space exploration program. The mission is expected to provide valuable data to further understand the Moon’s origin and evolution. The mission will also provide critical data to plan future Moon missions.

Bottom line:

An important development in India’s space exploration program is Chandrayaan-3. The success of Chandrayaan extends beyond scientific breakthroughs to include advantages for the nation’s socioeconomic system. Additionally, it will encourage and inspire the next generation to pursue science and technology.

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Essay on Mission Chandrayaan 3: India’s Triumph in Space

Indian Space Research Organization released pictures of the landing site of the Chandrayaan 3 on 23.07.2023 when India achieved the remarkable Journey of Chandrayaan 3 to the Moon. The picture was taken from the Landing Imager Camera after the landing of the Chadrayaan 3 . Lets explore more about Mission Chandrayaan 3 in this essay .

Essay on Mission Chandrayaan 3

India’s space exploration journey achieved another monumental milestone with the successful launch and arrival of Chandrayaan 3 on the Moon. Launched on July 14, 2023, and reaching its lunar destination on August 23, 2023, Chandrayaan 3 represents India’s determination and prowess in the field of space exploration. This mission marks a significant leap forward in advancing our understanding of the Moon and the cosmos.

Mission Objectives of Mission Chandrayaan 3

Chandrayaan 3 was designed to build on the successes of its predecessors, Chandrayaan 1 and Chandrayaan 2, with a specific focus on lunar surface exploration. The primary objectives of this mission included conducting comprehensive studies of the Moon’s surface composition, morphology, and topography, as well as collecting vital data to expand our understanding of lunar geological history.

Technological Marvels of Mission Chandrayaan 3

The successful execution of Chandrayaan 3 reflects India’s technological capabilities. The spacecraft was equipped with state of the art instruments and technologies, including high resolution cameras, spectrometers, and radar systems. These sophisticated tools were designed to capture detailed images of the Moon’s surface and analyze its mineral composition, thus contributing to the broader scientific understanding of lunar evolution.

Launch and Journey of Mission Chandrayaan 3

On July 14, 2023, the GSLV Mk III-M1 rocket, carrying the Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft, was launched from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, India. The launch marked a crucial step in India’s ambitious journey to unravel the mysteries of the Moon. The spacecraft embarked on a complex trajectory, skillfully navigating through space to reach its lunar orbit by August 23, 2023.

Lunar Arrival and Exploration

Chandrayaan 3’s arrival on the Moon’s surface was a moment of immense pride for India’s space community and the nation as a whole. The lander and rover components touched down on the Moon’s surface with precision, marking a significant achievement in lunar exploration. The rover was equipped to navigate and analyze the lunar terrain, collect samples, and transmit crucial data back to Earth.

Scientific Discoveries and Contributions

The data gathered by Chandrayaan 3’s instruments has the potential to reshape our understanding of the Moon’s geological history, evolution, and possible resources. The spacecraft’s findings can provide insights into the Moon’s origin, its interactions with space and Earth, and even its potential role as a stepping stone for future space exploration missions.

Global Collaboration and Inspiration

India’s achievements in space exploration through missions like Chandrayaan 3 serve as an inspiration to nations around the world. The collaborative nature of space exploration encourages international cooperation, allowing countries to share resources, expertise, and insights for the betterment of humanity’s understanding of the cosmos.

India’s Chandrayaan 3 mission is not just a scientific accomplishment but a testament to the nation’s technological prowess, determination, and dedication to advancing our knowledge of the universe. The successful launch and lunar arrival of Chandrayaan-3 represent a significant stride toward unraveling the mysteries of the Moon, fostering global collaboration, and inspiring generations to come. As we celebrate this remarkable achievement, we look forward to the valuable scientific discoveries and insights that Chandrayaan 3’s mission data will unveil.

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General Studies

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Chandrayaan 3

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Sub-Categories:

GS-III: Science & Technology

• What is the Chandrayaan-3 Mission?

Parts of the Chandrayaan 3 Mission

Timeline of the chandrayaan 3 mission.

• What differentiates Chandrayaan-3 from Chandrayaan-2?
• Chandrayaan-3 vs. Luna-25
• Significance of the Chandrayaan-3 Mission

Way Forward

• FAQs on Chandrayaan-3

Prelims: General Science

Mains:   Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenisation of technology and developing new technology

Chandrayaan-3 Mission is the second attempt of the Indian Space Research Organisation after the Chandrayaan-2 to demonstrate the capability of India in safe landing and roving on the lunar surface. The Lander Module of Chandrayaan-3 carrying the Lander, Vikram and Rover, Pragyan,  made the historic soft landing on the surface of the Lunar South Pole on August 23, 2023 . Thus, India became the first nation to soft-land on the surface of the Lunar south pole and overall the fourth to do a soft landing anywhere on the Earth’s natural satellite. Indian Space Research Organisation launched the Chandrayaan-3 Mission by using the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mark III (LVM3) on 14th July 2023 from Sriharikota.

With the objective to demonstrate the ability to soft landing and roving as well as to carry out experiments on the lunar surface, the Chandrayaan 3 Mission aims to strengthen India's prowess in space discovery and innovation. Continuing the success of its predecessors (Chandrayaan-1 and Chandrayaan-2), the Mission has brought India into the exclusive elite space club.

What is the Chandrayaan 3 Mission?

The Chandrayaan 3 Mission was launched using the LVM3 rocket system. LVM3 is the new launch vehicle of ISRO with the capability to place the modules into the GTO (Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit) in a cost-effective manner. It is a three-stage launch vehicle with two solid strap stages and one core liquid stage. The Launcher, LVM3 M4, placed the integrated Modules in an Elliptic Parking Orbit of size approx. 170 x 36500 km (a GTO).

Objectives of Chandrayaan 3 Mission

One of the many goals of the Mission is to look for water ice that could support future human life on the Moon and also for supplying propellants for spacecraft in future interplanetary missions. The objectives of the Chandrayaan-3 mission are:

• Safe and Soft Landing on the Lunar Surface by the Lander
• Roving on the Moon by the Rover
• In-situ scientific experiments by the Rover

The Chandrayaan-3 Mission consists of two modules - The propulsion module (PM) and the Lander module (LM). The total mass of both the modules is 3900 kg (Propulsion Module-2148 kg, and Lander Module-1752 kg, including Rover-26 kg).

Propulsion Module

The propulsion module carried the lander and rover configuration till the 100 km lunar orbit. Other than carrying the Lander Module, it also has a scientific payload called Spectro-polarimetry of Habitable Planet Earth (SHAPE).

• The SHAPE payload will conduct novel spectro-polarimetric studies of Earth from lunar orbit. It will look for smaller planets that could be habitable in the reflected light.

Lander Module

The Lander Module consists of a Lander (Vikram) and a Rover (Pragyan). The Lander Module made the soft landing using the Automatic Landing Sequence (ALS), where the Lander started its engine (thrusters) and maneuvered the speed and direction of the Module as well as the position of the landing site.

After the historic touchdown, the Rover inside it ramped down on the lunar surface to carry out in-situ chemical analysis of the lunar surface during its mission life.

• The total lifespan of the Mission (Lander and Rover) is lunar day (14 Earth days).
• Both the Lander and the Rover have scientific payloads to carry out experiments on the lunar surface.
• The objectives of scientific payloads planned on the Chandrayaan-3 Lander Module and Rover are provided below:
• Launched: July 14, 2023
• Inserted into Lunar Orbit: August 05
• Separation of the Lander Module from the Propulsion Module: August 17
• Deboosting is the slowing down of the spacecraft in an orbit where the Perilune (closest point to the Moon) is 30 km, and the farthest point (the Apolune) is 100 km from the landing site in the South Polar Region.
• It is required for the proper landing as the speed needed to land is much less than the lander.
• Second Deboosting on August 20
• The targeted site on the Moon was around 70 degrees South near the Southern pole of the Moon.
• If the Lander had missed the target of the commencement of the soft landing, It would have to wait for 1 month.
• It landed at around 69.36°S and 32.34°E (between Manzinus C and Simpelius N craters).
• Rover started its exploration on August 24

What differentiates Chandrayaan 3 from Chandrayaan 2?

Chandrayaan-2 failed in the final phase of its mission in 2019 because it could not achieve a soft landing. The main issue for the crash was that the five thrusters on the lander developed a higher velocity than expected. Also, the lander had to take pictures to fix the landing site. All of this made the accumulated errors. Learning from previous experiences, the ISRO had incorporated some advancements to achieve success this time, which are as follows:

“Failure-based design” instead of the "Success-based design":

• The failure-based design means that if everything, including sensors and electronics, had failed, Vikram would still have made the soft landing.
•  This was done by identifying and rectifying all the probable scenarios that could go wrong.
• These included failure of electronics, engine failure, unable to reach the landing spot, sensor failure, algorithm failure, velocity higher than required, etc.

Increase in the landing area:

• The target area of Chandrayaan-3 was kept at 4km x 2.4km area instead of 500m x 500m targeted by Chandrayaan-2 so that the Lander had more options to choose the best target site on its own.

More fuel to Lander:

• It was kept to facilitate the Lander to travel longer distances to the landing site and, if needed, to the alternate landing site.

Help from Chandrayaan-2 orbiter:

• The Chandrayaan-3 mission does not carry an orbiter; it is using the high-resolution images from the Chandrayaan-2 orbiter.

More robust integrated craft:

• The weight of the payload of Chandrayaan-3 had been kept more than the Chandrayaan-2, with the Lander having most of the extra weight for successful landing.
• The number of thrusters had decreased from five to four with no central thrusters.
• The legs of the Lander were made sturdier to ensure that they could land even at a higher velocity.
• Use of additional solar panels to ensure power generation after a soft landing regardless of the weather on the Moon.

Chandrayaan-3 vs Luna-25

Luna-25, Russia's first lunar mission since 1976, has recently crashed in an attempt to get into the landing orbit. It was targeted to land at the South Pole of the Moon, of particular interest to researchers believing that the polar craters might contain frozen water in their rocks. There are some differences between the Chandrayaan-3 and the Luna-25, which are as follows:

Digital English

Chandrayaan 3 report writing for h.s and madhyamik, chandrayaan 3 report writing for all students.

Table of Contents

Chandrayaan 3 Report Writing in English has been presented here for the students who are studying and preparing for a competitive exam. I have given three samples of Chandrayaan 3 report writing. The report writing’s word limits are different. So you can choose as you like. 

Chandrayaan 3 Report Writing in English

Write a newspaper report on the Chandrayaan 3 Mission in about 200 words.

A Historic Mission Chandrayaan-3

By A Special Correspondent

Kolkata, August 24, 2023: India’s third moon mission, Chandrayaan-3 was successfully launched at 2.35 pm on 14 July from Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Saiharikota, Andhra Pradesh. It was India’s third attempt at soft-landing on the lunar surface after the Chandrayaan-2 which failed in 2019. The third lunar exploration mission was developed by the ISRO. Landing on the South Pole of the Moon, India was the first country to make history. India would be the fourth country – after the United States, Russia and China. The budget of the Chandrayaan-3 mission was about 615 crores.

The whole Indian people watched the launch on smartphones and televisions. Scientists and officials clapped, cheered and hugged each other as the spacecraft landed and people across India broke out in celebration, setting off firecrackers and dancing in the streets. Our Prime Minister Narendra Modi tweeted that Chandrayaan-3 scripted a new chapter in India’s space odyssey. It soars high, everything the dreams and ambitions of every Indian. This achievement was the result of the tireless dedication and hard work of our scientists. I salute their talents.

Newspaper Report on Chandrayaan 3 For Class-X

Write a newspaper report on the Chandrayaan-3 Mission in about 150 words.

Mission Chandrayaan-3 Launched by ISRO

Kolkata, August 24, 2023: The India Space Research Organisation launched Chandrayaan-3 at 2.35 pm on 14 July from Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh. India became the first country in the world to set foot on the South Pole of the Moon. India created a new history in space science. ISRO broadcasted live to show this scene. The whole Indian people watched the launch on smartphones and televisions. Scientists and officials clapped, cheered and hugged each other. People across India broke out in celebration, setting off firecrackers and dancing in the streets. Our Prime Minister Narendra Modi tweeted that Chandrayaan-3 scripted a new chapter in India’s space odyssey. It soars high, everything the dreams and ambitions of every Indian. This achievement was the result of the tireless dedication and hard work of our scientists. I salute their talents. All countrymen are proud of this success of the country.

Write a newspaper report on the Chandrayaan-3 Mission in about 100 words.

India’s Mission to The Moon with Chandrayaan-3

By A Staff Reporter

Kolkata, August 24, 2023: India launched Chandrayaan-3 at 2.35 pm on 14 July from Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh. India has created a new history in space science. Chandrayaan 3’s lander Vikram successfully landed on the South Pole of the Moon. India emerged as the fourth country in the world. However, India became the first country in the world to set foot on the South Pole of the Moon. ISRO broadcasted live to show this scene. The whole Indian people watched the launch on smartphones and televisions. Our Prime Minister Narendra Modi tweeted that Chandrayaan-3 scripted a new chapter in India’s space odyssey.

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Why Chandrayaan-3 Launch Was Delayed By 4 Seconds

Isro said no concerning close approaches with other space objects were detected for the the country's moon mission throughout its mission phases..

Chandrayaan-3 was launched from the ISRO's Satish Dhawan Space Centre on July 14.

Chandrayaan-3's lift-off had to be delayed by four seconds to avoid any possible collision with space debris and satellites, the Indian Space Research Organisation has revealed.

"For LVM3-M4/ Chandrayaan-3, the nominal lift-off had to be delayed by 4 seconds based on COLA analysis to avoid close approaches between a debris object and the injected satellites in their orbital phase due to overlapping operational altitudes," ISRO said in a recent post.

The space agency asserted no concerning close approaches with other space objects were detected for the the country's moon mission throughout its mission phases.

ISRO released an 'Indian Space Situational Assessment Report' for the year 2023 of Friday which assesses the space environment, its future evolution and hazards for safe and sustainable operations in outer space. The space situational activities include a close approach assessment of satellites and launch vehicles.

It also highlighted a growing trend in the space object population, indicative of better accessibility to space and the increasingly diverse applications of space technology.

The report also outlined ISRO's space object proximity analysis for satellites to predict close approaches by other space objects to Indian space assets. "In case of any critical close approach, collision avoidance manoeuvres (CAM) are carried out to safeguard the operational spacecraft," ISRO said.

India's moon mission, Chandrayaan-3, with lunar lander module Vikram and rover Pragyaan was launched from the ISRO's Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Andhra Pradesh's Sriharikota on July 14 last year.

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On August 23, 2023, India scripted history be becoming the first country to safely land a craft near the moon's south pole region. The experiments were carried out for one lunar day which is equivalent to 14 Earth days.

With the touchdown, India became the fourth country to master the technology of soft landing on the lunar surface after the US, China and the erstwhile Soviet Union.

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Roula Khalaf, Editor of the FT, selects her favourite stories in this weekly newsletter.

Ahead of India’s ongoing general election, selfie points appeared at railway stations and airports across the country — cardboard cut-outs of Prime Minister Narendra Modi and other icons of national pride. They featured the Indian tricolour; the Vikrant, the country’s first fully domestically built aircraft carrier, commissioned in 2022; and the Chandrayaan-3 rocket, which last year undertook a successful mission to the Moon.

Modi is seeking a third term in office, campaigning on his role as a champion of majority Hindus, his record of raising India’s global standing and his skill at managing one of the world’s fastest-growing economies and its largest democracy. Amid signs of an economic take-off — the IMF forecasts GDP growth of 6.8 per cent in 2024-25 — India is also enjoying international goodwill because the world is seeking both a democratic counterweight and a commercial alternative to Xi Jinping’s authoritarian, increasingly obstreperous China.

At the same time, another narrative about India has gained currency over Modi’s decade in power: according to international observers and the prime minister’s critics, its democracy is in steep decline. As the six-week-long voting process unfolds, Modi’s opponents have cried foul over the recent imprisonment of two state leaders and unrelenting pressure on opposition parties, civil society groups and independent journalists.

The need for clarity on the state of India has rarely been greater. For Modi’s new western friends — who not long ago were betting on closer partnership with China — a pressing question is what kind of friend India might be. More, will it remain a democracy at all?

Much of this is captured in a series of new books that seek to shed light on the country since Modi first took office in 2014. Three in particular take a critical perspective: Christophe Jaffrelot’s Gujarat Under Modi , Alpa Shah’s The Incarcerations , and Kunal Purohit’s H-Pop . Although Jaffrelot and Shah are based outside India, critics would dismiss these books as the product of liberal “Lutyens Delhi” — shorthand for the capital’s Indian National Congress party-affiliated political and social elite, which ruled the country for most of its post-independence period until Modi’s Hindu nationalist BJP party swept it aside. So it is also worth absorbing the Modi government’s own views on itself: Jaishankar’s new book Why Bharat Matters is helpful here.

Jaffrelot’s work is a dense if rewarding read, examining Modi’s time as chief minister in Gujarat (2001-14), the western state where he developed his base of entrepreneurial supporters. The time is most widely remembered for the gruesome religious riots of 2002, in which more than 1,000 people, mostly Muslims, were killed in what has been called a pogrom.

Gujarat Under Modi covers the violence, but the author’s focus is on what happened next, when Modi pioneered the practices and policies that he would later take to the national stage. In the aftermath, lengthy inquiries were launched, and Modi was temporarily barred from visiting the US. But the violence also won him political points as a saviour of Hindus. According to Jaffrelot, what Indians call “fake encounters” (police killings of suspected jihadis) proliferated and turbocharged his popularity. “The Gujarat riots,” asserts Jaffrelot, “demonstrated that polarisation could help him politically on a large scale.”

Among the measures identified by the author that Modi developed as chief minister are the politicisation of the police and the judiciary, combined with policies favouring big business. The latter often involved large-infrastructure projects pioneered by tycoons such as Gautam Adani, the Gujarati businessman who built one of India’s top conglomerates in the same years that Modi was rising in politics.

‘Why Bharat Matters’ is worth reading for insights on how India sees China, Russia and the west, and how it views its own record

There are few writers with the rigour and knowledge of Modi’s career like Jaffrelot, a professor at King’s College London and Sciences Po in Paris and author of Modi’s India (2021) . His new book is a demanding but essential read about how one of the world’s most effective politicians built his political base and brand.

One alarming feature of Modi’s India has been the increasingly long reach of the national security apparatus, which has used anti-terrorism and money-laundering laws to hold suspects for long periods without bail.

This is the subject of Shah’s book, which tells a compulsively readable story — although every bit as bleak as Jaffrelot’s — about a cluster of arrests of prominent leftists. Between 2018 and 2020, some 16 people, including journalists, poets, lawyers and a Jesuit priest, were detained and held under the terrorism law and other criminal offences; many remain behind bars. The Bhima Koregaon case (named after a monument in Maharashtra where scuffles between lower-caste Dalits and Hindu nationalists triggered a police investigation in 2018) has become a cause célèbre in human rights circles. The activists are known as the BK-16.

They were agitating on a range of causes, including the rights of Dalits and Adivasi, tribal people whose forested lands in central and eastern India are home to rich mineral deposits and a long-running Naxalite-Maoist insurgency. This put them in the sights of both the police and conglomerates looking to exploit the land’s wealth. Activists Vernon Gonsalves and Arun Ferreira were, according to Shah, conducting research that exposed “the injustices of the state regime”. This included fact-finding into the 2019 killing of 40 Maoists, which the pair claimed was “cold-blooded mass murder” by the state.

The Incarcerations is an unsettling indictment of Modi’s India, and alleges grave miscarriages of justice, including the planting of a letter found by Maharashtra police on the computer of activist Rona Wilson, outlining a plot to assassinate Modi. An American digital forensics company concluded that it and other documents were planted, but Wilson remains in jail. Another activist, Father Stan Swamy, who suffered from Parkinsons, failed to secure bail on medical grounds and died in prison in 2021.

Unusually for an academic — she is a professor at the London School of economics — Shah has a gift for non-fiction narrative, and the book, enlivened by photos and maps of the Indian states where the action unfolds, is almost cinematic. The fact that the author (who previously wrote a study of the Naxalite insurgency, 2018’s Nightmarch ), knows many of the dramatis personae no doubt helps.

But it’s worth remembering that much of the groundwork for what is often called Modi’s India was actually laid during earlier Congress-led governments, including earlier versions of the sweeping anti-terrorism law and strict curbs on foreign funding for civil society groups that were put in place in 2010.

Shah makes the contentious assertion — which many Indians, including even some government critics, would disagree with — that Modi’s India is “fascist”, and suggests that the international community is partly to blame. “A modern Indian fascism has thus arisen in India under which large-scale elections are likely to continue,” she writes, because of “the pressures of an international world order” in which Indian democracy has been counterpoised to Chinese and Russian authoritarianism.

As powerful as Modi is, it is worth remembering that Hindu nationalism is a cultural phenomenon, not just a political one. Purohit’s H-Pop is a vivid and richly reported account of the world of Hindutva pop stars and other influencers who spread the message of Hindu supremacy, often with BJP support. Some of these artists voice extreme views on Muslims, the use of violence and other issues that are beyond the pale even by the standards of India’s intemperate political debate. According to Purohit, they serve the BJP’s purposes by saying the unsayable.

At a packed recital in Ghaziabad in BJP-ruled Uttar Pradesh in 2017, Kamal Agney, a Hindutva poet, read a poem glorifying Nathuram Godse, Mahatma Gandhi’s assassin:

Had Godse not pumped that bullet into Gandhi, Every Hindu would have been praying at Mecca and Medina today.

On another occasion, H-Pop singer Kanhiya Mittal sang a duet with a BJP lawmaker whose lyrics read “the saffron is getting deeper”, a reference to the colour of Hinduism and the BJP’s own party colours, hailing the construction of the Ram temple in Ayodhya, built at the site of a mosque destroyed by Hindu nationalists in 1992, whose consecration in January Modi presided over. Congress politicians boycotted the ceremony and liberal Indians decried the prime minister’s priest-like presence (he had spent days fasting and in prayer) as a defining moment in the decline of their secular state. Filled with vivid scenes from India’s unsettling current moment, H-Pop attests to the fact that incisive and fearless journalism is not dead in India.

Needless to say, the prime minister’s circle see India’s current moment as one of triumph. Jaishankar, who is widely tipped to continue his role as foreign minister in Modi’s next cabinet in the likely event of a BJP win, is an eloquent, urbane spokesman for his worldview. In Why Bharat Matters (“Bharat” is the Modi-favoured Hindi word for India, and he uses it throughout), Jaishankar makes a compelling case that the world needs an economically growing, diplomatically nimble and digitally connected India, not least at a time of US decline. “The combination of changes in India’s political standing, economic weight, technological capabilities, cultural influence and the successes of the diaspora is moving the nation into a higher orbit,” he writes.

Jaishankar is in his element when writing about Washington’s unseemly exit from Afghanistan in 2021 and its former cosying up to China. “The western world found that the Islamic card that it played against the USSR came back to haunt them within a decade,” he writes. “And when it comes to strategic understandings, the economic benefits that China obtained became the foundation for the upturning of the global order and the contemporary competition that we witness now.”

Jaishankar frequently suggests that 2014 was a clean break between an old, poorly run India and the new, highly competent one. In fact, the roots of many of the Modi era’s failings and achievements alike — from entrenched inequality and religious discord to its mass welfare schemes and multipolar foreign policy — have their roots in policies that predate his rise. Yes, Modi is India’s strongest leader in decades. But he has built on the legacy — good and bad — of his predecessors.

Nonetheless, Why Bharat Matters is worth reading for Jaishankar’s insights on how India sees China, Russia and the west, and — certainly for this reader — how it views its own record. This includes, for example, its handling of the Covid-19 pandemic. Modi supporters, Jaishankar included, describe the crisis as one in which an invigorated state delivered food to millions of people and developed pioneering vaccines that were used abroad. Independent journalists also remember oxygen shortages, bodies floating in the Ganges, and millions of unemployed informal workers suddenly sent to their villages on foot.

The prime minister’s critics say that the Modisphere is a closed world, an echo chamber of accepted truths. But the Modi camp says the same holds true of those who criticise the prime minister, whether from overseas or inside that Lutyens bubble. Answers can be elusive, but they’re not impossible to find. For anyone assembling a first draft of India’s history at this pivotal time, it pays to read widely.

Gujurat Under Modi: Laboratory of Today’s India by Christophe Jaffrelot Hurst £30, 416 pages

The Incarcerations: BK-16 and the Search for Democracy in India by Alpa Shah William Collins £30, 672 pages

H-Pop: The Secretive World of Hindutva Pop Stars by Kunal Purohit HarperCollins £17.50, 306 pages

Why Bharat Matters by S Jaishankar Rupa Publications India £18, 248 pages

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A one minute explainer on how the Indian election works.

John Reed is the FT’s South Asia bureau chief

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ISRO delayed Chandrayaan-3 launch by 4 seconds to dodge space debris

The delay ensured safe passage for the spacecraft on its journey to the moon

India's Chandrayaan-3 mission, which made a soft-landing near the south pole of the moon, lifted off four seconds late to avoid hitting a piece of space debris, the ISRO said in a recent report.

According to the Indian Situational Space Awareness Report (ISSAR) for 2023, the nominal lift-off of the Launch Vehicle Mark-3, carrying the Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft, had to be delayed by four seconds based on the Collision on Launch Avoidance (COLA) analysis.

The delay was necessary to avoid close approaches between a debris object and the injected satellites in their orbital phase due to overlapping operational altitudes, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) said.

According to the European Space Agency, more than 60 years of space activities have resulted in some 56,450 tracked objects in orbit, of which about 28,160 remain in space and are regularly tracked by the US Space Surveillance Network (USSSN) and maintained in their catalogue.

The USSSN catalogue covers objects larger than about 5-10 cm present in low earth orbit (LEO) and 30 cm to 1 m at geostationary (GEO) altitudes.

India's Chandrayaan-3 mission with lunar lander module Vikram and rover Pragyaan was launched from ISRO's Satish Dhawan Space Centre at Sriharikota on July 14 last year.

On August 23, 2023, India scripted history by becoming the first country to safely land a craft near the moon's south pole region. The experiments were carried out for one lunar day which is equivalent to 14 Earth days.

The four-second delay in the Chandrayaan-3 launch ensured safe passage for the spacecraft on its journey to the moon without the looming threat of collision.

As per the ISSAR-2023 report, the ISRO also had to delay the launch of Singapore's DS-SAR satellite onboard the PSLV-C56 mission on July 30 last year by one minute to avoid collision with space debris.

Similarly, the launch of another Singaporean satellite TeLEOS-2 on April 24 last year had to be delayed by one minute following a COLA analysis.

According to the report, the ISRO had to carry out 23 collision avoidance manoeuvres (CAM) in 2023 to save its satellites from harm by space debris. Of the 23 CAMs, 18 were carried out to dodge space debris for satellites in low earth orbit, while five were carried out for spacecraft in Geostationary orbit.

The ISSAR-2023 report said that ISRO received about 1,37,565 close approach alerts from US Space Command, which were re-assessed using more accurate orbital data of the Indian operational satellites.

A total of 3,033 alerts for the close approaches within a distance of one km were detected for ISRO satellites.

Around 2,700 close approaches were observed with other operational satellites within five km of close approach distance.

However, none of the close approaches were critical enough to warrant a CAM, the report said.

• Chandrayaan-3

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