cost of gender reassignment surgery in australia

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Gender affirming surgery

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Gender affirming surgery refers to a variety of procedures that some people may use to affirm their gender.

• There are many different gender affirming surgeries and procedures.
• Gender affirmation might also include social affirmation, legal affirmation or medical affirmation.
• Everyone affirms their gender in different ways, and that may or may not include surgery.

What is gender affirmation?

Gender affirmation is the process you go through when you start to live as the gender with which you identify.

Gender affirmation might include:

• social affirmation — such as changing your name, pronouns, hair or clothing
• legal affirmation — such as changing your legal name or gender
• medical affirmation — which can include puberty blockers, hormones or surgery

Read more about gender incongruence and gender affirming care.

What is gender affirming surgery?

Surgery is just one option for gender affirming care. This includes top and bottom surgeries, as well as other surgeries like facial feminisation surgery.

All trans and gender diverse people are unique. You can choose to affirm your gender in a way that feels right for you.

This article talks more about gender affirming surgery.

What happens during gender affirming surgery?

Gender affirming surgery is usually done in adulthood.

There are many different gender affirming surgeries and procedures. They may include making changes to your:

• other body parts

Not everyone with gender incongruence has surgery.

Male to female surgeries

For people assumed male at birth, feminising surgeries may include:

• Breast/chest surgery — augmentation with insertion of breast implants.
• Facial feminisation — changing the shape of the lips, eyes or nose.
• Voice surgery — shortening the vocal cords for a higher, more feminine voice.
• Tracheal shave — reducing the size of the 'Adam's apple'.
• Lipofillers or liposuction, to achieve a more feminine shape.

Bottom surgery (genital reconfiguration surgery) involves changes to the genitals. This was previously known as 'sex reassignment surgery' or 'gender confirmation surgery'. The name change shows that your genitals don't define your sex or gender.

Feminising bottom surgery may involve a mixture of the following procedures:

• Removing the testicles (orchiectomy).
• Removing and reshaping tissue from the penis to make a vulva (penectomy) — this includes creating external labia or lips, and a clitoris (vulvoplasty).
• Shortening the urethra (tube that you urinate from).
• Creating a vaginal canal (vaginoplasty) — some people choose to skip this.

After vaginoplasty surgery, you need to use vaginal dilators to maintain the shape of your vaginal canal.

Female to male surgeries

For people assumed female at birth, masculinising surgeries may include:

• Breast/chest surgery to create a male chest.
• Lipofillers and liposuction to achieve a more masculine shape.
• Pectoral implants.

Masculinising bottom surgery may involve a mixture of the following procedures:

• Hysterectomy and ovariectomy — removal of your uterus (womb) and ovaries.
• Removal of the vagina (vaginectomy).
• Creation of a penis, which may include metoidioplasty or phalloplasty.

Metoidioplasty involves making a small penis using tissue from the clitoris after it is enlarged by testosterone hormone therapy.

Phalloplasty uses tissue from your body to make a penis. This tissue usually comes from your arm, thigh or back. Phalloplasty is a multi-stage process.

You may choose to have urethral lengthening, so that you can urinate from the tip of your new penis. This can happen about 6 months after your first surgery.

The final stage of surgery involves testicle implants and a device that may help you to have an erection.

Is gender affirming surgery right for me?

Choosing to undergo any surgery is a big decision. Everyone affirms their gender in different ways, and that may or may not include surgery.

Surgery is permanent, so you need to make sure it's the right choice for you. Doing your own research and talking with experts will help you decide what's best for you. Surgery doesn't make you more or less trans.

When can I have gender affirming surgery?

Before you can get gender affirming surgery, you need to meet certain criteria. You need to:

• have a history of gender dysphoria (for 6 months or more)
• have the ability to make a fully informed decision
• be over the age of 16 years for top surgery, or 18 years for bottom surgery (some surgeons will provide surgery to younger people in specific situations)
• ensure that any physical or mental health conditions you have are well managed

You will also need letters of support from a mental health professional before having gender affirming surgery. The letter needs to state that surgery is:

• appropriate for you
• likely to help affirm your gender
• likely to reduce any gender dysphoria that you have

For top surgery, one letter is needed. For bottom surgery, 2 letters are needed.

For bottom surgery, you are also required to have 'lived as your current gender' for 12 months. This means that you have socially transitioned.

If you are taking gender affirming hormones, you should do this for at least 12 months before having surgery. This is to allow any significant body changes to occur before surgery.

What questions should I ask my doctor before surgery?

It's important to talk about the pros and cons of any surgery with your doctor. It's a good idea to ask to see pictures of how other people look before and after surgery.

Questions to ask your surgeon include:

• Am I a good candidate for the procedure?
• What different surgical techniques are recommended for me?
• How long will the recovery period be?
• What are the possible risks and complications?
• Where will you perform the surgery?

ASK YOUR DOCTOR — Preparing for an appointment? Use the Question Builder for general tips on what to ask your GP or specialist.

What should I expect after surgery?

Surgical recovery can be long and uncomfortable. Your surgeon will be able to give you more information on what you can expect after each surgery.

You may want to ask:

• How long will I spend in hospital?
• When can I shower?
• Will I need any special dressings or surgical garments?
• When do I need to return for follow-up care?

Make sure you do everything your doctor tells you and go to all follow-up appointments. This will help you get the best results from your surgery. Some people may need another surgery to get the best results.

Most people who have surgery are happy with their results and feel more comfortable in their bodies. But some people are disappointed with the results or find that their gender dysphoria is not fully resolved.

Make sure you discuss any difficult feelings with your doctor or psychologist.

Complications from gender affirming surgery

Having surgery is a big deal. Even if you've been looking forward to it and are happy with the result, it can still be quite confronting. It might take some time to get used to your new body.

However, research suggests that very few people who have gender affirming surgery regret their decision.

Talk to your doctor or psychologist if you are feeling any distress after surgery.

How much will gender affirming surgery cost?

Gender affirming surgery can be very expensive. It can cost between $20,000 to more than $100,000, depending on which procedures you need.

Your surgeon will be able to tell you how much surgery will cost. There may be extra costs for:

• specialist visits before and after surgery
• surgeon and anaesthetist fees
• hospital and theatre costs
• any other products or services you need

The costs of some procedures may be covered by Medicare. You should ask your surgeon what Medicare item numbers they use. You can check the Medicare rebate at MBS Online .

Unfortunately, most gender affirming surgery in Australia is done privately. If you have private health insurance , it's important to check with your health fund about:

• what is covered
• what your out-of-pocket costs will be

Legal affirmation

Changing your gender on your passport, licence, Medicare card or birth certificate all require separate processes. These processes can vary between states and territories.

In some states and territories, you must have gender affirmation surgery to change the gender marker on your birth certificate.

You are legally protected from discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation, gender identity or intersex status by the Sex Discrimination Act . Visit the Australian Government Attorney-General's Department for more details.

Resources and support

The Australian Professional Association for Trans Health (AusPATH) lists healthcare professionals who are committed to strengthening the health, rights and wellbeing of all trans people.

TransHub has information about gender affirming surgery and updating your gender marker on identity documents

The Gender Centre (NSW) offers resources and support.

You can also call the healthdirect helpline on 1800 022 222 (known as NURSE-ON-CALL in Victoria). A registered nurse is available to speak with 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

Learn more here about the development and quality assurance of healthdirect content .

Last reviewed: May 2024

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Gender affirmation surgery

Both medicare and private health can help lower the cost of gender affirmation surgery in australia..

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Gender affirmation surgery can be essential to your mental health and wellbeing if you don't identify with the sex you were born with or you have gender dysphoria. Unfortunately, surgery can be really expensive in Australia, with options in short supply. However, by taking full advantage of what's covered by Medicare and private health insurance, you can still significantly lower the costs.

How much does gender affirmation surgery cost in Australia?

Gender affirmation surgery isn't cheap in Australia. Excluding contributions from Medicare or private health insurance , it can cost approximately $30,000 depending on what treatments you need. This includes surgery fees, specialist visits, hospital accommodation, anesthesiologist fees, counselling and hormone therapy.

You may sometimes see gender affirmation surgery referred to as gender affirmation surgery. Older terminology also includes sex reassignment surgery (SRS) or gender reassignment surgery (GRS).

Is gender affirmation surgery covered by Medicare?

Yes, but only partly. Medicare can cover some of the individual treatments associated with gender affirmation surgery including surgeries, medications, tests and consultations. Approved treatments are listed on the Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) , but you will still need your doctor's referral to get covered. Here are some examples of the treatments that Medicare can pay towards:

• Penis amputation
• Urethroplasty
• Vaginal reconstruction
• Exploration of spermatic cord

Unfortunately though, you'll still face significant out-of-pocket expenses. This is because specialist care for trans people and those with gender dysphoria is in extremely short supply in Australia. Most surgeries are performed privately and private doctors are free to charge more than what a public facility would (this is called the gap). Because there is such a short supply, fees are likely to be high. Medicare will pay 75-85% of the MBS fee but you could still be faced with thousands of dollars left to pay.

What Medicare won't cover

There are a few treatments that Medicare won't pay for at all. Along with the expenses mentioned above, you will also need to come up with the full amount for the following, unless you have private health insurance:

• Your accommodation and theatre fees (since you'll be in a private clinic)
• Cosmetic surgery that is considered not medically necessary (such as breast implants and cosmetic facial reconstruction)
• Some medications for hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

Will private health insurance cover gender affirmation surgery?

Luckily, private health insurance can cover you in some of the areas that Medicare falls short . Here's where it can help:

• It will pick up the tab on that 15-25% that Medicare didn't pay on treatments you received in a private clinic.
• It will cover your accommodation and theatre fees for any treatments that are on the MBS.
• It can pay for some of the hormone prescriptions that Medicare won't cover.
• It can help out with additional psychology sessions if you feel you need them.

Keep in mind, there will typically be a waiting period before you can claim for most treatments . These can be anywhere from 2-12 months depending on the treatment.

What level of private health cover will you need?

Here are some tips to help make sure you get the right cover:

• Double-check the MBS item numbers with your insurer. Every insurer is different, so your best bet is to double-check that your insurer doesn't exclude or restrict any treatments you plan on having. The most accurate way of doing this is to get your MBS item numbers from your doctor so you can relay this to the insurer and get an estimate of costs, or a heads up on any restrictions.
• Get a hospital policy that covers you in a private clinic. This is the minimum that you need, covering you for treatment in a private hospital, but depending on the surgery you need, you might need more comprehensive cover.
• Get a top extras policy. Some extras policies will cover prescriptions that Medicare won't, but you'll need a top-level extras policy if you want your HRT prescriptions covered.
• Cover for the "gap". This is the difference between what Medicare and private health insurance covers, and what the surgeon charges. Some insurance providers have agreements with specific surgeons so that you can reduce these out-of-pocket expenses.

Is top surgery covered by Medicare or private health insurance?

Top surgery refers to breast implants if you're transitioning from male-to-female, and breast reduction/removal if you're transitioning from female-to-male.

It may be possible to get a Medicare benefit for your surgeon, anaesthetist and assistant fees, but only if you can prove that your surgery is "medically necessary"; that is, essential to your health and not simply a cosmetic issue. Unfortunately in Australia, proving this can be tricky, depsite the World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) stating that top surgery is "not merely another set of elective procedures". Having said that, it's still worth speaking to your doctor to see if you can get covered.

In addition, some private health insurers may also cover your stay in a private hospital and a portion of your surgeon, assistant and anaesthetist fees. You'll need to ask your surgeon for the MBS item number so you can get Medicare and your private insurer to contribute towards the costs.

Top surgery cost in Australia

Top surgery can cost you approximately $4,000 to $18,000, according to Trans Hub. For female-to-male (FTM) top surgery, Pure Aesthetics says you can expect out-of-pocket expenses to start at around $10,200. This includes the surgeon's fee, anaesthetist costs and hospital fees if you have private health insurance coverage.

The Australian Professional Association for Trans Health (AusPATH) has a list of surgeons who can perform top surgery in Australia here .

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What is hormone therapy?

Hormone therapy is when you take medication to help you look and feel more like the gender you really are. It's usually the first step of your journey towards transitioning and will make you look more like the other sex. For example, individuals born as female will take androgens which will make them look more masculine. Those born male will take oestrogen and anti-androgens which will make them look more feminine.

What is an endocrinologist and how can you find one?

There's nothing stopping your GP from issuing you the drugs you need, but they will probably refer you to an endocrinologist instead. This is a doctor who specialises in hormones.

You can trigger major mood and behaviour reactions if you disrupt the balance of hormones in your body, so it's very important to go through hormone therapy with the help of an endocrinologist who can help you make lifestyle and medication adjustments as you get used to the changes.

Your GP should have the names and numbers of a few endocrinologists and they can make the right referrals. There are also a number of websites online that can help you find a doctor in your state that provides gender affirming hormonal care, such as the NSW Trans Hub .

At this point, it's probably worth asking your GP to refer you to a psychologist because some endocrinologists won't prescribe you the medication unless they are absolutely sure that you are mentally ready for it. Don't wait until your first appointment with the endo to find out they want you to see a psychologist. See the psychologist first and show up to your first endo appointment with the right paperwork.

Is hormone therapy covered by Medicare and private health insurance?

Medicare will cover your visit to the endocrinologist plus any blood work they do. As for the medication itself, it's a mixed bag. Medicare pays for some hormones through the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS), but they won't pay for others.

Since you might need a few medications, there's a good chance you won't be covered for some of them. Luckily private health insurance can help you here too, by offering a refund on certain medications that aren't covered by the PBS.

Important note: Medicare can deny you cover for certain medications if you're registered as the gender that you do not identify with (for example, men are not normally supposed to take estrogen). So if you are transitioning from male to female, you'll need to update your gender details with Medicare and other government departments before you can get estrogen. There's more on how to do this later in this guide.

Is psychological treatment covered?

Seeing a psychologist can be a great way to get support as you go through this challenging journey. Your doctor may even require it before starting some of your treatments.

The good news is that both Medicare and private health insurance can help cover your sessions. Anyone with a Medicare card can get up to 10 sessions per year covered. All you have to do is see a GP and ask them to put you on a mental health treatment plan. Depending on your psychologist, the rebates available on the plan may cover all or part of their fee. So, you may not be out of pocket any amount, or there could be a gap payment owing.

A private health insurance extras policy can also be used on top of Medicare to cover the gap payments, or to use towards additional sessions. You can also use it on its own to get a contribution towards your psychology appointments if you don't have a mental health care plan; in this case, you don't have to see a GP or get a mental health treatment plan. You can just book directly with the psychologist.

Services you can use to find help

There are quite a few national organisations that offer support, services and counselling to transgender people all around Australia. Here are a few you can reach out to:

• A Gender Agenda
• Gender Centre
• Trans Health Australia

Headspace provides mental health and wellbeing support, information and services to young people around Australia.

Web: www.headspace.org.au

A Gender Agenda provides advocacy, training and community development for Australia's sex- and gender-diverse community.

Web: www.genderrights.org.au

The Gender Centre provides a wide range of services and activities designed to help people with gender issues make informed choices.

Web: www.gendercentre.org.au

Trans Health Australia is an advocacy and support network that aims to improve the delivery of medical, health and wellbeing services to members of the transgender and transsexual community.

Facebook: Trans Health Australia

There are also several state- and territory-based support and service organisations, so keep an eye out for one in your area.

Updating your documents

As of July 2013, anyone in Australia has the right to update their gender with any government agency. You can do so by submitting one of the following:

• A statement from a registered medical practitioner or a registered psychologist
• A valid Australian government travel document, such as a passport
• A state or territory birth certificate (you can have your gender and/or name changed by filling out the appropriate forms from your local Births, Deaths and Marriages Registry)
• A document from your local Birth, Deaths and Marriages Registry recognising your change of name and/or gender

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Gary Ross Hunter

Gary Ross Hunter was an editor at Finder, specialising in insurance. He’s been writing about life, travel, home, car, pet and health insurance for over 6 years and regularly appears as an insurance expert in publications including The Sydney Morning Herald, The Guardian and news.com.au. Gary holds a Kaplan Tier 2 General Advice General Insurance certification which meets the requirements of ASIC Regulatory Guide 146 (RG146). See full bio

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How much is Top Surgery in Sydney? Gender Affirmation Surgery Prices Sydney NSW

Top surgery is a gender affirmation procedure that alters the shape, size and overall appearance of the chest. Patients for top surgery are trans men and women, as well as non-binary patients. The surgery is typically performed by a plastic surgeon who is trained to perform gender affirmation procedures. If you are interested in undergoing gender affirmation surgery, then you might want to know more about top surgery prices in Sydney.

The Top Surgery procedure can be performed on transgender women to make their breasts look more feminine or transgender men to help them achieve a more masculine chest.

As a result, there is both FTM Top Surgery (female-to-male) and MTF Top Surgery (male-to-female).

• FTM Top Surgery involves the removal of breast tissue and chest contouring to achieve a flat, masculine-looking chest. The procedure is ideal for transgender men who want to overcome their gender dysphoria and wish to achieve a more masculine look.
• MTF Top Surgery typically uses saline or silicone implants to increase the breast size and alter their shape in order to achieve more feminine-looking breasts. The procedure is ideal for all transgender women who want to overcome their gender dysphoria.

Dr Jeremy Hunt is a Specialist Plastic Surgeon with cosmetic clinics in Sydney and Wollongong NSW . He has performed hundreds of breast procedures in over 20 years of practice. Dr Maryam Seyedabadi has recently joined the practice in Edgecliff and is available now for consultations on a range of plastic surgery for transgender men and women.

How do I get top surgery in Australia?

The criteria for getting top surgery in Australia is:

• Persistent, well-documented gender dysphoria
• Capacity to make a fully informed decision and to consent for treatment
• Reached the Age of 18 (if younger, follow the SOC for children and adolescents)
• If significant medical or mental health concerns are present, they must be reasonably well controlled

Top Surgery Prices Sydney

What’s included in top surgery:.

The cost of top surgery depends on a range of factors including the experience and expertise of the surgeon, your hospital and how much coverage you will be able to get from Medicate or insurance. In general, the cost of top surgery will include:

1. Surgeon’s Fee

The first and most important thing that will make a major part of the overall quote will be the surgeon’s fee. Obviously, this will be the biggest chunk of the entire cost and is highly dependent on the experience and expertise of the surgeon. The more experienced a surgeon is, the higher are the chances that he or she will charge more than a surgeon with little to no experience in the field.

2. Hospital or Surgical Facility Costs

The next thing that is of critical importance is the surgical facility or the hospital where the surgeon is going to perform the surgery. Make sure you visit the facility beforehand and ensure they are able to cater to all kinds of emergency situations.

3. Anaesthetist Fees

Your quote also involves the fees of an anaesthetic surgeon. Again, this varies from hospital to hospital and surgeon to surgeon. Make sure to know the cost beforehand.

4. Medication

During and post the surgery, you will be administered medications, primarily comprising of antibiotics and pain killers. The overall cost given to you will include the cost of the medications used during the process and during the post-surgical phase.

5. Post-Surgery Garments

You will be asked to wear post-surgery garments to minimise the swelling and help with recovery. These garments boost up the healing process and help you feel more comfortable during the recovery period .

6. Medical Tests and X-rays

You will be asked to undergo a series of medical tests and x-rays for the top surgery. A series of tests and x rays will be performed to ensure you are a suitable candidate for the procedure and there are no contraindications.

How much is Top surgery in Australia? – Gender Affirmation Top Surgery Prices in Sydney

Prices vary and the cost is based on the experience and expertise of the surgeon, the factors listed above and how much (if any) assistance you will be able to get from Medicare & Health Insurance.

The price ranges are:

• Male to Female MTF Top Surgery prices can range from around $7,000 to $17,000 in Sydney NSW.
• Female to Male FTM Top Surgery prices can range from around $10,000 to $20,000 in Sydney NSW

Please Contact us or Phone the clinic for a more accurate estimate.

How to Find the Right Surgeon in Sydney – Choosing a Surgeon

Choosing the right surgeon for your gender affirmation surgery can be a difficult task. Here are a few tips that will help you:

1. Ask for Referrals

One of the best and easiest things you can do in order to find a surgeon is to ask for referrals from your local GP. Generally, they will be able to make great recommendations.

2. Check your Surgeon’s Credentials

Another thing you can do is do your own research with the help of the internet. Make sure to pay close attention to their credentials and ensure they are credible and experienced to perform the top surgery.

3. Choose a Surgeon with Experience

Make sure to select a highly experienced surgeon who has performed top surgeries on plenty of patients. The more experienced the surgeon is, the higher are the chances of getting the results you desire.

4. Your Hospital Choice Matters

The medical facility where the surgery is performed is important too. Have a close look at the surgical facility/ hospital, your surgeon is planning to perform the surgery at.

5. Pay Attention to Communication Skills

You need to feel comfortable with the surgeon. Make sure the surgeon is able to answer all your questions and queries regarding the surgery. By the end of your consultation, you will have a fairly clear idea of whether the surgeon is right for you or not.

FAQS about Top Surgery – MTF Surgery – FTM Surgery

Here is a list of frequently asked questions we get regarding top surgery in Australia:

Is top surgery covered by Medicare Australia? – Does Medicare cover top surgery prices?

• Medicare may pay for some of the individual treatments associated with gender confirmation surgery including surgeries, medications, tests and consultations.
• Medicare may only partially cover the cost of Top surgery. New Medicare codes for Gender Affirmation surgery may be available in late 2022.

Can you get top surgery in Australia?

• Yes, you can get top surgery in Australia. Make sure to choose your surgeon wisely and find a Gender Surgery expert , ask for referrals, research the facility/ hospital, and then make a final decision.

What do I need to have top surgery?

• The standard criteria for getting top surgery is that you have persistent, well-documented gender dysphoria .
• Most surgeons require you to be 18 years old or above to get the surgery.
• You should be able to make a fully informed decision and consent to the treatment.

What is gender dysphoria?

• As per NHS, Gender dysphoria is a term that describes a sense of unease that a person may have because of a mismatch between their biological sex and their gender identity.

How long does it take to get diagnosed with gender dysphoria?

• The DSM-5 defines gender dysphoria in children as a marked incongruence between one’s experienced/ expressed gender and assigned gender, lasting at least 6 months. In adults, gender dysphoria is diagnosed if you have had two symptoms or more for at least 6 months.

Can you get top surgery if you are overweight?

• It is recommended you have a BMI of less than 30 for top surgery. A BMI of 30 to 35 may be possible but if you are overweight or obese, the surgeon might advise you to lose weight prior to getting the top surgery.

Do you need to be on T to get top surgery?

• No, WPATH Standards of Care do not require hormone therapy to be eligible for Top Surgery.

How long do you need to be on T to get top surgery?

• You are not required to take testosterone before getting top surgery. However, if you are taking testosterone or are on any other medications, the surgeon will ask you to stop the use for at least 2 to 4 weeks before the top surgery. In case of necessary medications, you may be offered an alternative.

Can breasts grow back after top surgery?

• No, it is one of the most common myths associated with top surgery. Even if you gain weight or stop taking testosterone, your breasts will not grow back once they have been surgically removed.

Is Top surgery reversible?

• No, the results of top surgery are regarded as permanent and not reversible. Hence, it is important to ensure that you are ready for the surgery and won’t regret it later on.

Is Top surgery painful?

• You won’t feel anything during the procedure as it is performed under general anaesthesia. During the first week post-surgery, it is normal to feel some slight pain and discomfort that are easily alleviated with medication.

Can you get top surgery without scars?

• No, you cannot get the top surgery without scars. The surgeon will try his/ her best to conceal them and make them less visible. Moreover, you can also opt for scar minimisation procedures once you are fully healed.

What should I wear after top surgery?

• Make sure to wear a loose, comfortable and breathable button-up shirt or hoodie because you will have a limited range of motion post-surgery.

Do you have to stay in the hospital after top surgery?

• In most cases, you will be asked to stay a day in the hospital after top surgery. In some cases, you might be allowed to go home on the same day, once your condition has stabilised.

Do you need physical therapy after top surgery?

• It depends. In most cases, surgeons recommend getting some physical therapy to speed up the recovery after the surgery.

When can you sleep on your side after top surgery?

• It is best to avoid sleeping on your side for at least the first six weeks after getting top surgery.

Further Reading about Gender Affirmation Surgery & Top Surgery Prices:

• Read Dr Hunt’s Gender Affirmation Surgery page
• Read Dr Hunt’s MTF Top Surgery page
• Read Dr Hunt’s FTM Top Surgery page
• Read Dr Hunt’s pricing page

Medical References about Top Surgery

• Top surgery for transgender men and nonbinary people
• What Is a Top Surgery for Transgender People?
• Transgender surgery can improve life for most, study confirms

About Dr Jeremy Hunt – Specialist Plastic Surgeon

Dr Jeremy Hunt is a specialist plastic surgeon performing breast , body , face and nose surgery in Australia. He is a member of FRACS & ASPS and has over 20 years of experience providing plastic surgery in Sydney.

Careful, considerate and honest, Dr Jeremy Hunt works with you to find a solution that is suitable for your body and your lifestyle. Every patient is unique and requires a personalised approach to reach their goals.

Dr Hunt has provided his one-on-one service and attention to detail to thousands of women and men from the Sydney & Wollongong NSW area and across Australia.

Dr Hunt’s qualifications and education

Dr Jeremy A. Hunt MBBS FRACS graduated with a Bachelor of Medicine degree from Sydney University in 1990 and is a Fellow of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons and member of ASPS – the Australian Society of Plastic Surgeons . He completed a Fellowship at the University of Texas in the United States, where he learnt from well-established and experienced plastic surgeons.

Next Step – Make an Enquiry or Request a consultation with Dr Hunt

Want more information before scheduling your consultation?

• Find out more about pricing, medical payment plans and paying for your surgery
• Request more information about the procedure – call on 1300 157 200 or contact us

If breast reduction (mammoplasty) is something you’re considering, Dr Hunt can thoroughly explain all the options to you in a one-on-one consultation.

• Make an Enquiry or Request a consultation with Dr Hunt

Any surgical or invasive procedure carries risks. Before proceeding, you should seek a second opinion from an appropriately qualified health professional.

About The Author

Dr jeremy hunt fracs - specialist plastic surgeon.

Schedule your consultation with Dr. Hunt

Book A Consultation

Or send us a quick enquiry by completing the form below and one of our staff will respond to your enquiry as soon as possible.

• Melbourne Specialist Surgeons
• Dr Craig Rubinstein – Plastic Surgeon
• Dr Broughton Snell – Plastic Surgeon
• Dr Stephen Kleid – Ear Nose Throat Specialist
• Dr Gary Kode – Plastic Surgeon
• Skin Clinic Team
• Reviews and Testimonials
• Breast Augmentation
• Breast Implants by Cup Size
• Breast Reduction
• Breast Lift (Mastopexy)
• Breast Lift (Mastopexy) with Implants
• Fat Transfer to Breast
• Breast Tuberous
• Remove Replace Implant
• Gynaecomastia
• Abdominoplasty
• Arm Lift (Brachioplasty)
• Face Lift (Rhytidectomy)
• Rhinoplasty
• Eye Lid Lift (Blepharoplasty)
• Gender Top Surgery
• Ear Pinning
• Skin Treatments
• Breast Implant Removal
• Breast Implant Revision
• Breast Asymmetry Surgery
• Tuberous Breasts
• Nipple & Areola Surgery
• Male Breast Reduction – Gyno
• Breast Implant Checks & Reviews
• Liposuction
• Body Lift after Weight Loss
• Belt Lipectomy – 360 Abdo
• Extended Tummy Tuck
• Fleur De Lis Abdo
• Thigh Lift (Thighplasty)
• Bra Line Back Lift
• Labiaplasty
• Male Excess Skin Removal
• Male Breast Reduction
• Facelift (Rhytidectomy)
• Neck Lift (Platysmaplasty)
• Blepharoplasty
• Male Eyelid Lift
• Upper Lip Lift
• S-Lift – Facelift (Rhytidectomy)
• Chin Augmentation
• Chin Implants (Genioplasty)
• SMAS Facelift (Rhytidectomy)
• Fat Transfer To Face
• Ear Pinning – Otoplasty
• Tip Rhinoplasty
• Septo-Rhinoplasty
• Rhinoplasty Revision
• Male Rhinoplasty
• Asian Rhinoplasty
• Female to Male Top Surgery
• Male to Female Top Surgery
• Male Rhinoplasty – Nose Job
• Male Chin Augmentation
• Male Eyelid Surgery
• Male Tummy Tuck – Abdo
• Male Excess Skin Reduction After Weight Loss
• Labiaplasty – Labia Reduction
• Skin Treatment Menu
• Anti Wrinkle Injections
• Dermal Fillers
• Lip Fillers
• Hyperpigmentation
• Acne Treatments
• Chemical Skin Peels
• Fraxel Laser
• Cutera Excel V+
• Healite LED
• Vaginal Lasers
• Cosmetic Surgery Prices
• Will Medicare cover me?
• Payment Methods
• Cheap Surgery Deals
• Nose Consultation – Dr Kleid
• GP Referrals
• Getting an MRI test
• Hospitals We use
• Risks of Surgery
• Surgery Recovery Tips
• Interstate Patients
• Hawthorn East – Melbourne

Changes to AHPRA Cosmetic Surgery Regulations, as of July 1 2023, Learn More

Gender Affirmation Surgery

Gender Affirmation Surgery, also known as Gender Confirmation surgery or Transgender Surgery (previously known as Gender Reassignment Surgery) is now offered in Victoria by Coco Ruby Specialist Plastic Surgeons.

What is Gender Dysphoria?

Gender Dysphoria refers to the condition where an individual feels that both their psychological and emotional identity does not match their birth gender. Even though it can cause distress and anxiety , Gender Dysphoria is not a mental illness.

However, that is not to say it does not affect your mental health. Stress that builds as a result of feeling different, homophobic or transphobic attitudes by others and trauma from bullying or alienation from family and friends can all contribute to a decline in mental health.

In 2007 the Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health & Society published ‘Tranznation: A report on the health and well-being of sex and gender diverse (Trans) gender people in Australia and New Zealand’ the publication shared the following statistics;

• Nearly one in five (18.6%) had experienced a physical attack or other kinds of violence
• A large majority of trans people (87.4 %) had experienced at least one form of stigma or discrimination
• Over half (53.4%) reported verbal abuse
• One-third (33.6%) had received threats of violence or intimidation

What is Gender Affirmation Surgery?

Gender Affirmation Surgery refers to surgical procedures in which a surgeon changes both a patient’s physical and sexual characteristics. It is commonly chosen by transgender males, females and Non-binary individuals.  It is often used to help treat Gender Dysphoria.

There are several different Gender affirmation Surgeries, including

Feminisation Surgeries

• Male to Female Top Surgery (breast augmentation mammoplasty)
• Orchiectomy (not offered by Coco Ruby Surgeons)
• Vaginoplasty (not offered by Coco Ruby Surgeons)
• Facial feminisation surgery (not offered by Coco Ruby Surgeons)
• Other Plastic Surgery for Women

Masculinisation Surgeries

• Female to Male Top Surgery (Chest Masculinisation Surgery)
• Scrotoplasty (not offered by Coco Ruby Surgeons)
• Hysterectomy or chest reshaping with implants (not offered by Coco Ruby Surgeons)
• Other Plastic Surgery for Men

Male to Female (MTF) or Male to Nonbinary (MTN) Top Surgery

This surgery involves the implantation of saline or silicone implants to increase chest size and change the shape for a more feminine appearance. Transgender Breast Augmentation, Feminising Breast Surgery and Breast Mammoplasty are all alternative names for this procedure.

Female to Male (FTM) or Female to Nonbinary (FTN) Transgender Top Surgery

This procedure is a reconstructive surgical procedure that involves the removal and reshaping of breast/chest tissue to create a flat, more masculine appearance. Alternative names for this procedure include both Masculinising Chest Surgery and/or Subcutaneous Mastectomy. The procedure can help treat gender dysphoria.

A WPATH (World Professional Association for Transgender Health) letter is a recommendation letter, typically from a mental health professional that is needed for many gender-affirming surgeries.  The letter must determine that a person is ready for the surgery and affirms the individual’s gender identity, it must also explain why this surgery is medically necessary. In order to obtain a WPATH letter, a patient will need to meet certain criteria and undergo an evaluation with a mental health professional.

Hormone Therapy

Hormone therapy is another part of the Gender affirmation/confirmation process. Whether transitioning from;

• Male to female (MTF) or nonbinary (MTN)
• Or, female to male (FTM) or nonbinary (FTN)

Hormone therapy commonly includes either;

1. Testosterone therapy.

Testosterone helps to suppress feminine characteristics and induce masculine features, often used when an individual is transitioning from FTM or FTN.

2. Estrogen therapy.

Estrogen helps to induce feminine characteristics, it is often combined with Antiandrogens to suppress masculine features. This is commonly used when an individual is transitioning from MTF or MTN.

While not all transgender individuals choose to undergo hormone therapy, it can be medically necessary for those who wish to physically transition. In other words, you could potentially claim some of the costs through medicare.

In some transgender men/nonbinary individuals, hormone therapy can help increase breast tissue before breast augmentation. While hormone therapy pre-surgery can help give the individual a better outcome post-surgery it is not always necessity. Doctors will often test patients’ hormone levels before surgery to ensure they are within the targeted range.

Frequently Asked Questions About Gender Affirmation Surgery

Is gender affirmation surgery considered cosmetic.

• Unfortunately, even though gender affirmation surgery is done to help manage gender dysphoria, it is considered cosmetic, it is only deemed medically necessary if it meets certain conditions.

What is the youngest age you can have gender surgery?

• If you are over 16 years of age and you get legal approval you can undergo Gender affirmation surgery.

Do you get scars after FTM or MTF top surgery?

• Yes, both Male to Female (MTF) and Female to Male (FTM) surgery results in some degree of scarring. But scars can gradually fade and flatten over time.

How do I know which type of top surgery is most suitable for me?

• Your surgeon can give you suitable professional advice before the procedure.
• The procedure depends upon your chest size, shape, skin elasticity, your preferences for nipple and areola size and placements

Do I need to take testosterone before I get FTM top surgery?

• It depends on the procedure and the surgeon.

Can breasts grow back after top surgery?

• Although a little tissue is left behind to maintain the contour of the chest, 95% of the tissue is removed so, breast tissue will not grow back

How do you know if you are nonbinary?

• If you feel that the expressions such as male/female, man/woman, and masculine/feminine do not apply to you and do not fully express how you feel about your own body and gender, you may be non-binary.
• If you need any assistance or guidance in understanding how you feel, you may contact Gender Diverse Centres and seek understanding and advice from like-minded people.

Can puberty cause gender dysphoria?

• Gender dysphoria may be revealed during puberty.
• Most people, however, understand that their notion of gender is diverse from their early childhood.
• That being said, some people may experience gender dysphoria much later in life.

Can you develop gender dysphoria?

• Yes, you can develop gender dysphoria.
• As you age, you may experience a mismatch between your gender and how you feel about it.
• In general, there is no upper age limit as to when you may experience gender dysphoria, although the older you get, the lower the chances of gender dysphoria occurring.

Medicare FAQs – Questions About Gender Reassignment Surgery FAQs

Is gender reassignment surgery medically necessary.

• In some cases, yes.
• For example, if you suffer from gender dysphoria, gender reassignment may be a medically necessary procedure.

What is the average cost of gender reassignment surgery?

• Gender reassignment surgery costs upwards of $30,000.
• The cost depends on your exact needs and the nature of the surgery.
• Consult your Specialist Plastic Surgeon for a more approximate cost and understand that Medicare will cover a part of your expenses if you have a referral.

Why Choose Coco Ruby Plastic Surgery?

Choosing a Specialist Plastic Surgeon means you are choosing an accredited recognised plastic surgeon that performs surgery in an accredited hospital. Look for members of FRACS (Fellow of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons) memberships. ASPS (Australian Society of Plastic Surgeons) ASAPS (Australian Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons) or ISAPS (International Society Aesthetic Plastic Surgery) as some of the  Qualifications of your Plastic Surgeon

Specialist Plastic Surgeon MED0001124843 Dr Craig Rubinstein

Dr Craig Rubinstein is a Specialist Plastic Surgeon based in Hawthorn East, Melbourne. With over 20 years of surgical experience especially in all areas of Cosmetic and Plastic Surgery, but particularly in breast surgery. These include Breast Augmentation and Breast Reduction as well as Breast Surgery Revision.

Furthermore, he believes that surgical customisation, precision planning and technical expertise help him to provide optimal surgical outcomes for his patients.

Specialist Plastic Surgeon MED0001190266 Dr Broughton Snell

Dr Broughton Snell is a Specialist Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeon based in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. His training in Plastic Surgery took place in Australia and the United States of America (USA).

Dr Snell is a fully qualified specialist plastic surgeon having completed his Fellowship with the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons in plastic and reconstructive surgery.

ENT (Ear, Nose and Throat) Surgeon MED0001052799 Dr Stephen Kleid

Dr Stephen Kleid is an experienced Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Surgeon (Otolaryngologist) based in Melbourne with a passion for Septo-rhinoplasty, Septoplasty, as well as, a strong interest in Rhinoplasty Revision.

Dr Kleid trained at Melbourne University, then completed surgical training at various hospitals including Royal Melbourne, Royal Children’s, The Eye and Ear and St Vincents. He worked as a surgeon at the University of Florida Medical school for further experience.

Specialist Plastic Surgeon MED0001405964 Dr Gary Kode

Dr Gary Kode is a Specialist Plastic Surgeon, with experience in Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, as well as non-surgical treatments.

Dr Kode is a member of several organisations, including the Australian Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons (ASAPS), The International Confederation for Plastic and Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, and he holds a Fellowship with the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons.

What to do next?

Our Patient Liaison Team can assist with any questions you may have when considering a procedure. You can send in an enquiry form below or call our Melbourne Clinic between 9 am – 5 pm Monday - Friday.

Disclaimer : Results depend on individual patient circumstances and can vary significantly. Results may also be impacted by a variety of factors including your lifestyle, weight, nutritional intake and overall health. Consult your Specialist Plastic Surgeon for details. This information is general in nature and is not intended to be medical advice nor does it constitute a doctor-patient relationship. Surgery risks and complications will be covered in detail during a consultation with your Surgeon.

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This website is owned and operated by Coco Ruby Plastic Surgery. ABN 31 034 664 783. Registered Address: 759 Burwood Rd, Hawthorn East 3123, Melbourne, Australia. *General Disclaimer – Results depend on each patient’s circumstances and can vary significantly. Results may also be impacted by a variety of factors including lifestyle, weight, nutritional intake, overall health and other factors. Consult your Specialist Plastic Surgeon (FRACS) for more information. These details are general in nature and are not intended to be medical advice or constitute a doctor-patient relationship. Surgery risks and complications are covered in detail during a consultation. * Photography Disclaimer – Unless our photograph(s) or image(s) are marked with a copyright signal and surgeon’s name or group name, they are licensed stock photography , not actual patients. For patient images, visit our Before and After Surgery Galleries . Note: results can vary from patient to patient and that all invasive surgery carries risks. Be sure you do your research before proceeding.

What subsidised gender affirmation surgery would mean to trans Australians

A 150,000 signature-strong petition calling for medicare to cover gender affirmation surgery is set to be tabled in federal parliament this week. here, trans men and women and their advocates tell sbs news why such a move would be "lifesaving"..

Bayley Turner said gender-affirming surgeries are "lifesaving". Source: Supplied/Bayley Turner

More than 111,000 people sign petition for gender affirmation to be covered by Medicare

'An incredible sense of relief'

Doctors call for end to LGBTIQ+ health discrimination, gay 'conversion' practices

'It is lifesaving'

How the trans community is using crowdfunding to raise money for surgery

Petition calls for better recognition and protection of transgender inmates in Tasmanian prisons

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Frequently asked questions

Read through monash health gender clinic’s frequently asked questions for more information about the clinic and general gender information., important information.

Updated 05/07/2024

The Gender Clinic currently has a long wait list: in July 2024, we were booking appointments for clients whose referrals were received in June 2022. Additional clinical staff have been employed and we are seeing a gradual reduction in waiting times.

Whilst on the Gender Clinic wait list, you can be referred to a Monash Health Laser hair removal clinic (approximately two months wait time) and a Latrobe University Voice clinic (24 months wait time). After consultations with Gender Clinic clinicians, you can be referred for gender affirming hormones at the Monash Health Endocrinology clinic (six to eight months wait time).

We offer telehealth or in person appointments at the Pride Centre.  Please advise the admin team if you would like to enter the building via a private side entrance, rather than the main front entrance.

Surgeons providing gender affirming surgeries have very long wait lists for new clients​. Please contact them directly if you need further information. The Gender Clinic can provide financial assistance to clients who we have referred for surgery.

If you urgently need support, please see our resources lists: TGDNB Peer Support ;  Clinical Support . In particular Switchboard Victoria run two phone contact lines open every day: Rainbow Door 10am-5pm ( https://www.rainbowdoor.org.au/ 1800 729 367); and QLife ( QLife.org.au 1800 184 527) 3pm-midnight. Lifeline ( Lifeline Australia 13 11 14) provide all Australians experiencing a personal crisis with access to 24 hour crisis support and suicide prevention services.

Please note: we no longer accept referrals by fax, email or post . All referrals must now be forwarded through this link: Secure eReferral by HealthLink .

Find up-to-date information about how to send a referral to Monash Health Specialist Consulting Clinics at this link:  eReferrals page.

On this page

Referrals into the gender clinic.

• Gender Clinic Services
• Assessments

Starting at the Gender Clinic

General Information about the Gender Clinic

What is the Gender Clinic?

The Gender Clinic is part of the Monash Health network in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. It also has links with the Monash University Department of Psychological Medicine. The largest government-funded clinic of its kind in Australia, we provide services for trans, gender diverse and non-binary people.

These include:

• assisting with exploring gender identity, informing about diverse way that gender is identified and expressed;
• assessing if a person is experiencing gender dysphoria;
• exploring how a person’s gender dysphoria may be lessened, through various medical and social interventions;
• assessing if hormonal and surgical treatments are suitable;
• providing psychological support with issues that relate to transition.

For more information, please visit our About the Monash Health Gender Clinic page.

Who can access the Gender Clinic?

We provide services to residents of the Victoria or Tasmania, who are

• trans, gender diverse and non-binary people of 16 years of age or older,
• their family members, and
• their partners.

We are also a resource for health care providers and community and advocacy groups.

Clients are referred for many reasons:

• they may want to just explore and achieve a better sense of their gender identity
• others who identify with a gender other than their birth-assigned gender may seek assistance to make their body as congruent as possible with their affirmed gender.

If attending the clinic in person, there are on-street parking options on Jackson St and other nearby streets. Please check parking signs for restrictions, time limits and fees. The most convenient public transport access are the 16 and 96 trams.

The main entrance and lifts are suitable for people using wheelchairs. Please advise about your needs when you confirm your appointment.

Clients may also be eligible for transport assistance. For further information, please see the  Victorian Patient Transport Assistance Scheme (VPTAS)  website.

Clients can have sessions conducted via teleconference, using HealthDirect. This is the preferred option since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Back to top

How do I arrange an appointment to be seen at the clinic?

You will need to get a referral from a medical practitioner, such as a GP or medical specialist. They can submit this through eReferral by HealthLink, which is now our required method of referral; we no longer accept referrals by fax, email or post. Find up-to-date information about how to send a referral to Monash Health Specialist Consulting Clinics  on the eReferrals page on our website.  You can provide your health care provider with this information: information for health care professionals

If you are worried that your GP will not refer you, ask for a second opinion from another GP – click here for a list of GPs experienced with trans gender diverse and non-binary clients.

Gender Incongruence and Gender Dysphoria are internationally recognised medical conditions, for which patients are entitled to seek treatment. Please be aware that your GP may not have had experience of the trans and gender diverse community and may not be aware of procedures, but they can find guidance from HealthPathways.

A month before your first appointment, please provide the following:

• A report or psychiatric assessment from any previous or current mental health clinician (if applicable)
• A brief (1-2 pages) autobiographical statement explaining how gender dysphoria or gender variance has developed in your life, including information regarding schooling, friends, family and occupation.

This can give us an understanding of your background before we meet with you and provides an opportunity for you to consider your thoughts and feelings in your own written words.

Is there a waiting time for an initial appointment?

Waiting times vary throughout the year, check with our administrative staff when you submit your General Information Form and referral letter, or later via email to [email protected] with: surname, date of birth and Medicare number.

There are a range of private practitioners who provide similar services. Please feel free to discuss options with our Administrative staff.

If you have a referral for endocrinology at Monash health, you will not require additional assessment at the Gender Clinic.

Are there private practitioners who provide similar services?

Specialist gender-related mental health assessments are also provided by psychiatrists and clinical psychologists who work in the private sector. A list of these private providers are found (links below) in

• the  service providers section of the Australian Professional Association for Trans Health main page.

Please note: you can remain on the Gender Clinic waiting list whilst seeing private providers.

These assessments are best done by specialist providers. If you are already seeing a counsellor, psychologist or psychiatrist; we suggest you still make sure that your assessment is done by mental health professional who specialises in gender dysphoria.

Clinicians working in the private system usually have significantly shorter waiting lists than the Gender Clinic. However, there are costs to see a private clinician, even after a Medicare rebate has been claimed. These extra costs can range from $20 to $120 per session. For up-to-date information regarding waiting times and consultation fees, please contact the clinicians directly. Contact details are provided in the attached list of private clinicians. You will also need to contact them directly to organize an appointment.

Please note: if you have a gender-related mental health assessment done by a private provider, this will not shorten your waiting time on the Gender Clinic waiting list. You will still see a Gender Clinic mental health clinician, with the usual waiting times involved. If you have a mental assessment previously done by a private clinician, your assessment with one of our clinicians is likely to be much briefer.

Informed consent primary care options

We encourage clients who  only wish to commence hormone therapy  to be referred to a clinic that provides care under the informed consent protocol. An exception is when a client has complex needs or is seeking more comprehensive mental health assessment and support, particularly if this is beyond a GP’s usual scope.

For more information about our intake criteria and a list of relevant clinics, see our Information for health professionals page.

Australian Professional Association for Trans Health – List of Victorian Providers

External website

What can I do while I wait for an appointment?

Everybody’s situation is different and personal to them. The best advice we can give you is to keep yourself fit and well, both physically and mentally. We also encourage clients to engage with local peer support groups.

You may wish to also consider the following while on the waiting list:

• Taking some steps to change your identity documents.
• Seeing a speech therapist.
• Seeking private counselling.
• Commencing hair removal treatment such as laser therapy or electrolysis. This is available at Monash health while you are awaiting assessment.

About the services at the Gender Clinic

What services are available for trans, gender diverse and non-binary people and their loved ones through the Gender Clinic?

The Gender Clinic itself provides mental health assessment and treatment, related to gender transition, for:

• gender identity, gender expression and/or gender transition related concerns
• social work and psychological support.

Gender Clinic clients can be referred to other departments in Monash Health for:

• Endocrinology for hormone assessment and prescription.
• Surgeries including hysterectomy (removal of womb), oophorectomy (removal of ovaries), tubal ligation (surgical contraception), and initial assessment for fertility preservation at Obstetrics and Gynaecology.
• Orchidectomy (removal of testicles) at Andrology
• Laser hair removal

Our clients can be referred to private service providers outside of Monash Health for:

• Most surgeries: breast reduction or enhancement and genital surgeries (vaginoplasty)
• Peer support
• Advice on presentation (make-up, etc)
• Fertility preservation
• Speech therapy

What services can I use while on the waiting list for assessment?

A range of needs can be helped while our clients are on our waiting list:

• Private mental health professionals or experienced GPs can conduct an assessment.
• Speech therapy (voice and communication training) at La Trobe Communication Clinic can begin. They accept referrals from health professionals, social workers, the Gender Clinic; or a self-referral.
• A referral can be arranged for laser hair removal at Monash Health.

Some mental health conditions can complicate the results of a mental health assessment (eg, psychosis or dissociative identity disorder). It is a good idea to seek treatment for these while on the waiting list.

Intake Call/Peer workers  About 6-8 weeks after we receive your referral, our intake team will reach out to you for an initial phone assessment. This is to introduce you to our clinic’s services and help the clinic understand your gender affirmation objectives. The intake call should take no more than 30 minutes, during which we’ll explore your goals for attending the clinic and to ensure that the gender clinic is the most appropriate service for you. We may suggest alternative services that you can consider.

The clinic provides peer support by peer workers with lived experience. They can provide mutual support, information and practical assistance to Gender Clinic clients and carers/family as appropriate. They can also provide referral and liaison support to assist clients in accessing other LGBTIQ+ services. Individual and group peer support is available to clients referred to the clinic, including those on the waitlist.

Who is able to access the laser service? 

Free laser treatment is available for current Gender Clinic patients. This includes those on our waiting list. Referrals are accepted from your treating clinician or our intake worker.

What areas can be treated?

The Monash Health laser service is approved to treat any areas that a medical officer indicates has excess hair. That is not the same as all unwanted hair. For Gender patients, it means laser treatment is available to those areas of your body that are relevant to having your gender affirmed. The Gender Clinic will write these areas on the referral. This means the laser service may not be able to treat all of the body areas you wish.

The Monash Health laser service performs this service one referral at a time. If a client has new areas of excess hair, the first referral must be completed first. Then a new referral may be written for the new area. Please note: the maximum number of treatments offered per area is between 8 to 12 sessions. The exact number is determined by the dermal therapist, at their discretion.

How can I access Speech Therapy?

For many people, it is felt that the gender they were assigned at birth is reflected in their voice and the way they communicate. A gender transition can include modifying the voice.

People who wish to modify their voice or communication style as part of their gender transition can be referred to the La Trobe University’s Voice Clinic. Clients will usually see a speech therapy student who is in their final year of training. If so, that student will be supervised by a qualified speech therapist.

Speech therapy can be arranged at any time during your transition process. The service can range from:

• one or two sessions for voice analysis and advice, to
• regular weekly sessions for focused voice modification.

The needs of every speech therapy client is different. This therapy targets a person’s individual needs. It is not possible to say how many sessions are required to meet those needs.

You may wish to see a a private speech therapist. If so, you can discuss how to get a referral with your clinician.

How much do appointments at Monash Health cost?

There are currently no costs for attending appointments at Monash Health.

How much do gender affirming hormones cost?

Hormones are available on the PBS, and so usually cost between $6 and $40 per month. This depends on the hormone prescribed and if you have a health care card.

What does gender affirming surgery cost?

There are significant costs associated with surgery.

Costs of Reproductive organ surgery

Some surgeries are provided to trans masculine people by Monash Health at no cost to the client and no need for private insurance, including:

• removal of internal reproductive organs (hysterectomy and oophorectomy)
• tubal ligation for contraception.

For private hysterectomy and oophorectomy, out of pocket costs will vary between surgeons and hospitals.

Costs of Genital surgery (vaginoplasty)

To perform vaginoplasty, Monash Health requires that their clients take out private health insurance. Medicare only covers a small proportion of the procedures involved. The clinic is unable to assist with the cost of private health insurance.

The out-of-pocket cost of vaginoplasty, with top level private health insurance, is around $18-30,000. Please contact the surgeon directly for an up-to-date estimate of costs.

Costs of Chest reconstruction surgery

Medicare only covers a small proportion of the procedures involved in chest reconstruction surgery. For chest reconstruction surgery, the out-of-pocket cost is $6,000 to $18,000, depending on whether you have private health insurance. Please contact the surgeon directly for an up-to-date estimate of costs.

Limited financial support for Gender Clinic surgery patients

The Gender Clinic provides some financial support to a limited number of clients each year. This assists with out-of-pocket costs of vaginoplasty, vulvoplasty and chest reconstruction (mastectomy). This support is intended for those who cannot afford to pay for private surgery.

We do not reimburse costs for surgery that a client has already paid for. The surgeons charge us directly, and our clients wait in turn for the available funding. Please speak to your clinician for further information.

Private health insurance is recommended for surgery

For most gender transition surgeries, we strongly recommend private health with the highest level of hospital cover. This is needed to cover some of the costs of the surgery.

Please note: even with the highest level of private health insurance cover, there are still significant out of pocket fees. All health insurance companies have waiting periods (usually 12 months) before a claim can be made.

PrivateHealth.gov.au  is an unbiased way to find private health insurance options  How much cost the private health insurance will cover depends on the type of insurance you have and the cost of the surgery. You can speak to your private health fund to ask them about the amount you will get back.

About Mental Health Assessments

What are the WPATH Standards of Care and does the Gender Clinic follow these guidelines?

Standards of Care is a document published to communicate worldwide professional opinions about the treatment and management of gender dysphoria. Gender Clinic staff follow these guidelines when providing gender transition-related care.

WPATH is the shortened name for the World Professional Association for Transgender Health. WPATH is a non-profit, interdisciplinary, professional and educational organization devoted to transgender health. Its mission is to promote evidence-based health care, education, research, advocacy, public policy and respect in transgender health.

These guidelines can sometimes appear restrictive. However, it is important the Gender Clinic and its clients are cautious in how we deliver gender affirming care. Together, we must be sure it is highly unlikely that a client will regret having that treatment. However, the clinic applies the guidelines in a way that recognizes a person’s unique anatomical, social or psychological situation. This flexible approach aims to achieve positive outcomes for clients in a safe manner.

The Standards of Care are available at  www.wpath.org . The Standards of Care were updated from version 7 to 8 in September 2022.

Why do you require a mental health assessment?

Having a gender identity that differs from the gender assigned at birth is not considered a psychiatric disorder. However, some mental health conditions that are not related to gender identity can present with gender variance. It is very important to rule out those conditions before we provide gender-affirming care. As a result, the clinic takes great care to ensure a comprehensive assessment is conducted first.

Also, these assessment identify any supports that may help with affirming gender before any medical treatments are commenced. We can then refer clients to appropriate services; such as assistance with housing, employment and social isolation.

Please note: clients who have a mental health condition such as schizophrenia, depression, Borderline Personality Disorder or Autism Spectrum Disorder are still eligible to receive support from our clinic. However, their assessment may be extended, to ensure that adequate supports are in place prior to any gender-related treatments.

A comprehensive mental health assessment is a very important part of the clinic’s work with clients. During the assessment your clinician will gather information about:

• Your experiences of gender at various stages of your life,
• Any gender-related distress,
• Your mental health history and current supports,
• Other relevant life experiences.

The purpose of this is to identify your strengths and what supports are needed as you embark on strategies to reduce your distress.

The assessment process is strictly private and confidential. We will not speak to your family unless there is an immediate risk to your safety or we have you clear consent to do so. We do however encourage meeting with families to provide education and discuss any concerns they may have, in order to help them support you during your transition.

What other mental health assistance is needed during transition?

Gender transition and the “Real Life Experience” of living in the affirmed gender can present a number of social and psychological challenges along the way. This can be helped through ongoing monitoring or counselling. Importantly, this is done with a mental health clinician that the client can form a trusting relationship with, so they can explore their gender identity with confidence. As everyone is unique, there is no standard number of the sessions needed or recommended.

Meeting regularly with a mental health clinician helps clients who are transitioning to achieve stability and satisfaction in their lives. by:

• Helping to find the best set of medical and social options
• Working through difficulties where they arise
• Addressing any expectations of the outcomes of transgender treatments and gender transition.
• Being a source of general support during transition.

What are “gender dysphoria” and “gender incongruence”?

“Gender Dysphoria” is the discomfort and unhappiness a person might experience as a result of the tension between the gender assigned to them at birth and the gender with which they identify (including non-binary gender identities). Not everybody who experiences gender diversity feels this distress.

The term ‘Gender Dysphoria’ is also used for a specific psychiatric diagnosis, found in the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical manual (DSM-5). However, the Gender Clinic team strongly reject pathologising gender diversity. We believe that psychiatrically diagnosing aspects of gender identity is damaging for our clients.

The Gender Clinic strongly supports efforts to depathologise gender diversity. This includes adopting the advice of the World Health Organisation’s International Classification of Diseases version 11 (ICD-11). It instead recommends using the term “Gender Incongruence”. When a diagnosis is required, that is the term we will use.

Staff at the clinic seek to work with our clients to individually select the best medical and social options for them. The WPATH Standards of Care notes:

“While many individuals need both hormone therapy and surgery to alleviate their gender dysphoria, others need only one of these treatment options and some need neither. …

Health professionals can assist gender dysphoric individuals with affirming their gender identity, exploring different options for expression of that identity, and making decisions about medical treatment options for alleviating gender dysphoria (p9).”

If I have mental health issues or if I am neurodivergent will this impact my assessment?

Receiving care and treatment for mental health issues or neurodiversity issues will not prevent you from accessing our clinic or getting treatment with us. It’s not uncommon for trans and gender diverse people to have or to have had mental health issues or to be neurodivergent.

The Standards of Care do state that mental health conditions must be “reasonably well controlled … these concerns need to be managed prior to or [at the same time as] treatment of gender dysphoria.” Therefore having treatment for mental health conditions may assist in gaining approval for hormonal or surgical treatments.

Many of the clients we support have, or have had, mental health issues or are neurodivergent. Sometimes, their mental health assessment may take longer. This is only to ensure that the right supports can be provided, in preparation for any gender-related treatments.

The Gender Clinic is not a crisis/emergency service. As such, we must be sure that our clients have access to any needed support and treatments for mental health conditions, before we can approve hormonal or surgical treatments.

Our clinic welcomes neurodivergent clients, including autistic people and people with ADHD. Neurodivergence is not a barrier to accessing hormones or surgery, but may mean the assessment will take more time. This is only to ensure that the right supports can be provided, in preparation for any gender-related treatments.

Government assistance with travel costs

Assistance with travel costs can be provided to people with demonstrated needs. You can contact the Clinic [email protected] to access a document for guidance on Government provided schemes, or talk to the social worker to discuss options.

Telehealth or face to face available

Both face to face and teleconference appointments are available. When booking your appointments the administrative assistant will discuss the use of teleconference. The gender clinic uses HealthDirect software (it’s is similar to Skype or Facetime but offers greater security). Gender Clinic staff are working both offsite and onsite. If you have an upcoming appointment, please contact our admin team to advise them if you would prefer a face to face appointment otherwise we will assume that the appointment is to be held via telehealth. Also advise the admin team if you would like to enter the building via a private side entrance, rather than the main front entrance.

What can I expect when I come to the Gender Clinic?

Gender Clinic clients often feel nervous before their first appointment. The clinic is a safe space for you to explore some very personal issues. Being honest and open with your clinician helps to form a comprehensive understanding of your experiences and needs.

There is no requirement about how you present your appearance at the clinic. We encourage you to dress in a whichever way makes you comfortable.

As a new client, you will be offered appointments at the clinic with a mental health professional. These are for:

• conducting an initial series of interviews for a mental health assessment, under the WPATH Standards of Care guidelines;
• with your consent, a detailed psychological assessment and/or a family assessment;
• discussing the treatment options that are best for you.

The mental health assessment sessions are:

• so that your clinician can gather information about your gender related experiences at various stages of your life and any associated distress;
• identify your strengths;
• assess what supports are needed as you embark on strategies to reduce your distress.

Some aspects of the assessment may be conducted by another member of the team. All assessments are discussed at regular staff meetings.

If clients are approved for gender affirmation therapies and wish to proceed, they can be referred to other clinicians for:

• Hormonal treatment to masculinise the body (partially irreversible) or feminise the body (which is largely reversible); and
• If appropriate and when additional criteria are met, surgical procedures (which are largely irreversible).

About Hormones

What are the processes for starting on hormone therapy.

Both  endo crinologists and GPs can prescribe hormones. Prescribing GPs use the Informed Consent model, and usually have some level of specialisation in gender-affirming care. GPs can independently prescribe feminising hormones, but masculinising hormones require a referral to a named Endo crinologist outside of Monash Health to be eligible for subsidized prescriptions under the PBS (Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme).

If your GP prefers, we can refer you to a Monash Health Endocrinologist for hormone therapy. The endocrinologist may require you to undergo a full physical examination to ensure that you are physically well enough to be able to have hormone treatments. They will then write to your GP to advise on the type and dosage of hormone treatments and what monitoring will be needed throughout your treatment. If your GP or another service provider begins hormone treatment before or while you are on the waiting list, this will not affect your position on the waiting list.

Anyone assessed as not being appropriate for gender affirmation therapy will be offered support to find non-medical ways of living with their Gender Dysphoria/gender variance. If a client has non-medical interventions, they may then be offered the option of a future re-assessment.

If you consult the Clinic about hormone treatment, we will follow the criteria specified in the WPATH Standards of Care. The criteria to commence hormone therapy as specified in the Standards of Care must be satisfied prior to referral to the hormone prescriber.

If you and your allocated clinician agree that hormones may be helpful, you are referred to an endocrinologist or your GP. Assessment times vary, depending on your individual circumstances. Your clinician will review your progress after the initial set of 3-6 sessions.

Starting hormones could be delayed, If there are significant social or mental health issues that need to be addressed first.

After commencing hormones, individuals are invited to attend follow up sessions for support or other identified needs.

What are the impacts of hormonal treatments?

Hormone treatment plays an important role in the physical and psychological transition process for many clients who attend the clinic.

There can be medical, psychological and social side effects for all people receiving hormonal treatment and it is important to familiarise yourself with these prior to commencing hormones.

Birth-assigned males treated with feminising hormones can expect this treatment to result in:

• breast growth,
• some redistribution of fat,
• decreased body hair,
• slowing or stopping of male pattern balding,
• decreased testicular size,
• reduced fertility and less frequent,
• less firm erections,
• possible loss of libido.

Birth-assigned females treated with masculinising hormones can expect this treatment to result in:

• permanent deepening of the voice,
• permanent clitoral enlargement,
• mild breast shrinkage,
• reduced fertility,
• increased upper body strength,
• weight gain,
• facial and body hair growth,
• increased libido,
• decreased fat on the hips,
• possible male pattern baldness.

What if I have been taking hormones without a doctor’s prescription?

The clinic will see patients who have been begun hormonal treatments without medical supervision. However, reflecting a harm minimisation approach, we will refer you to an endocrinologist or experienced GP to assess the impacts and begin prescribing, so that hormones are taken in a controlled manner.

Obtaining hormones without a prescription is strongly discouraged by the clinic. Our advice is that for your health and safety, you should never take medication sourced through the internet or on the ‘street’. Starting hormonal treatments that are not medically supervised can be dangerous to your long-term health.

The clinic understands the enormous pressures that some people will feel about the need to begin a physical transformation. Despite this, the clinic will always advise that you wait until you have been assessed. The timing of hormone treatments is very specific to the individual and is dependent on a whole series of considerations that need to be made by you and your doctors.

About Surgery

Why is surgery important for some clients, and what does it involve.

For some people, surgery is an important step in affirming their gender. This involves generally irreversible surgical procedures. It aims to provide a body that is consistent with their gender.

Types of gender affirming surgery For clients assigned male at birth, surgery can include:

• removal of the testicles and penis,
• creation of a vagina,
• breast enlargement,
• rhinoplasty,
• laryngoplasty (shaving of the “Adam’s apple”),
• vocal cord surgery,
• facial feminisation surgery.

For clients assigned female at birth, surgery can include:

• chest masculinisation,
• removal of the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries.

Surgery to create a penis (phalloplasty) or metoidioplasty (clitoral release) is associated with a number of complications that led to the discontinuation of these procedures in Victoria. However, these procedures are still performed elsewhere.

Before surgery, the surgeon will detail to the client the nature of the surgical procedure, its risks and possible complications and the cost.

Providers of gender affirming surgery At present the only surgical procedures available through Monash Health are:

• removal of the uterus and/or ovaries (hysterectomy and/or oophorectomy);
• removal of testicles (orchidectomy); and
• vocal feminisation.

Other procedures are performed by private surgeons, and your clinician will be able to assist in making referrals as appropriate.

The Gender Clinic itself does not offer other surgical treatments at this stage. However, we are able to provide letters of support to appropriate private surgeons. They can advise you of their fees when you make your appointment with them.

Financial support for surgery

The Gender Clinic is able to provide some financial support to a limited number of clients each year to assist with private surgical costs for:

• chest masculinization for clients assigned female at birth
• genital surgery for clients assigned male at birth.

To qualify for this financial assistance, a client must have been referred to the surgeons after consultations with Monash Gender Clinic clinicians. Please speak to your clinician for further information.

Obtaining gender affirming surgery from overseas providers

Surgery is available in Australia. However, some people may choose to pursue surgery overseas. Please note; the Gender Clinic does not have any official links or affiliations with any overseas surgeons.

Reputable overseas surgeons follow the same Standards of Care as our clinic. Therefore, they often ask our Clinic confirm in writing that we consider those same requirements for gender affirmation surgery have been met.

Complications can arise after gender affirmation surgery. Please note: if this occurs, Australian surgeons are reluctant to perform revision surgeries on work that was done by other surgeons.

When can I have surgery?

If you feel ready for chest masculinization or genital surgery, you will be referred to a surgeon for a medical assessment following your initial assessment. Once you have met with the surgeon you may then book a provisional date for surgery.

Within three months prior to your surgery date your mental health professional need to meet with you and supply a letter of support for surgery, in line with the WPATH Standards of Care. Once this is done, you can contact the surgeon to confirm your surgery date.

The recent Standards of Care guidelines (version 8) requires one opinion/referral for all gender affirming surgeries. However, some surgeons require two opinions for genital surgeries. If a second opinion from a different mental health professional within the team is required, this is usually completed in 2-4 sessions. Please check with your surgeon for their requirements and expectations.

Requirements for surgery set out in the WPATH Standards of Care are as follows:

• Gender incongruence is marked and sustained;
• Meets diagnostic criteria for gender incongruence prior to gender-affirming surgical intervention;
• Demonstrates capacity to consent;
• Understands the effect of gender-affirming surgical intervention on reproduction and they have explored reproductive options;
• Other possible causes of apparent gender incongruence have been identified and excluded;
• Mental health and physical conditions that could negatively impact the outcome of gender-affirming surgical intervention have been assessed, with risks and benefits have been discussed;
• Stable on their gender affirming hormonal treatment regime (which may include at least 6 months of hormone treatment or a longer period if required to achieve the desired surgical result, unless hormone therapy is either not desired or is medically contraindicated). [Suggested criteria]

Do I need to be living full-time in my affirmed gender before I have surgery?

There is no requirement in the WPATH Standards of Care 8 for people to live in a role congruent to their gender identity prior to genital surgery. However, it notes that such “social transition can be extremely beneficial to many TGD people.”

Social transition allows the person to develop stability in their affirmed gender, and to build confidence in their ability to live in the affirmed gender role. Gender transition has been known to contribute to employment discrimination, marital problems, divorce, and the restriction or loss of contact with children. Social transition helps raise awareness of these personal and social consequences.

On the other hand, the WPATH Standards of Care 8 also notes: “not all TGD people are able to socially transition or wish to socially transition. Consequently, some TGD people seek gender-affirming interventions after social transition, some before, some during, and some in the absence of social transition. Social transition and gender identity disclosure can improve the mental health of a TGD person seeking gender-affirming interventions. In addition, chest and facial surgeries prior to hormone therapy can facilitate social transition.”

What issues can delay or rule out surgery?

Treatment can be deferred for many different reasons. Your treating clinician will discuss your individual circumstances with you and will explore with you ways in which you can progress.

Having a high body weight increases risk in surgical operations. The surgeons who perform these operations have Body Mass Index (BMI) score requirements for patients who wish to undergo surgery. This BMI score requirement varies between procedures and surgeons. Excess body mass can create problems with breathing under a general anaesthetic, blood loss and causing difficulty with accessing the parts of the body where surgery will be performed. Generally, it is preferred to achieve a weight of under 100kg and BMI less than 30. You need to discuss these requirements with your surgeon.

Your BMI is calculated by dividing your weight in kilograms (kg) by your height in metres (m), then dividing the answer by your height again to get your BMI score. This is a commonly used method by doctors and nurses to approximate whether a person is under or overweight. You calculate your BMI using the  BMI calculator . The calculator will also indicate how much over or under your ‘ideal’ weight you are.

Smoking also increases risk in surgical operations. There are already numerous health reasons for quitting smoking. This becomes even more important prior to hormonal treatments and/or surgery. All the hormone and hormone-blocking medicines prescribed to aid with gender affirmation raise the risk of an occurrence of Australia’s biggest killers: heart disease, cancer and cerebrovascular accidents (strokes). The surgeons may not offer treatments until you are able to quit smoking for a period prior to surgery.

What support is available?

• The Gender Clinic can provide support/explanation for partners, parents and children.
• We can help with support with recovery from surgery.

How do I change my name and gender marker on personal documents?

Changing gender markers on ID varies between each State and the Commonwealth Government. A useful summary is can be found at Parents for Gender Diverse Children .

Victoria Drivers’ Licence 

https://www.vicroads.vic.gov.au/licences/renew-replace-or-update/update-your-details/change-of-gender

https://www.humanservices.gov.au/individuals/enablers/update-your-personal-details-medicare-card

Centrelink, ATO, other Commonwealth government bodies

https://www.humanservices.gov.au/customer/enablers/updating-your-gender-details-us

https://www.passports.gov.au/passportsexplained/theapplicationprocess/eligibilityoverview/Pages/changeofsexdoborpob.aspx

Birth Certificate

Birth certificates vary by state, and can depend on a number of factors. Contacting your state Births Deaths and Marriages or equivalent is necessary to obtain the most up to date information.

• New South Wales
• Western Australia
• South Australia
• Northern Territory
• Australian Capital Territory

Monash Health Records Monash Health client records will follow the details on your Medicare card. Please advise if your Medicare card name and gender marker change. In the meantime, a preferred name can be registered on the Monash health system. You can also inform Monash Health staff of your preferred title and pronouns. The Gender Clinic will make every effort to respect your choices.

The Keypass ID is an ID without a gender marker on it. It is available through Australia Post

Relationship Status

If someone change genders, they are still considered to have been in a defacto relationship.

Since the Federal same-sex marriage laws were passed, married people who transition can change identity documents including birth certificates, with nno need to divorce.

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Transgender is a term used to describe people whose gender identity does not match the sex they were assigned at birth. Gender identity is a person’s personal sense of being a man or a woman. In other words, for transgender people, the sex that they were born with and their internal gender identity are mismatched.

The term transgender, transsexual or gender diverse, are all synonymous terms used to describe these types of individuals.

History of treatment for transgender individuals

The modern history of transgender people goes back to a time when they were considered to have a serious psychological disorder. As such, treatment was firmly in the domain of the psychiatrists, who were notably unsuccessful in their attempts to heal transgender individuals.

As the years progressed, it became clear that transgender individuals are a diverse group of people with varying personalities, the only exception being that they do not feel they belong to the sex they were assigned at birth.

Modern treatment of transgender individuals

Fortunately, thanks to an environment with increased acceptance, and the advantages of modern medicine and surgery, treatment of transgender individuals has changed. Today, we can assist transgender people with both supplemental hormones and with surgery.

With surgery, we can physically alter the sexual appearance of your upper body, as well as your sexual genetalia, aligning your genital appearance with your gender identity.

There are specific upper body features that characterise a male person and others that characterise a female. These include: forehead shape, brow shape, brow position, nasal shape, nasal size, upper lip length, cheekbone height, chin prominence, Adams apple or thyroid cartilage prominence, as well as voice pitch. There are also the obvious differences of the chest and breasts, as well as with the male and female genitalia.

A lot of these characteristics can be altered with hormonal therapy, but certain characteristics cannot be altered with this type of treatment. For example, facial hair, thyroid cartilage or Adams apple prominence, voice pitch, and the size of your hands cannot be altered with hormone therapy.

Issues arise however, once puberty finishes and some of these characteristics become irreversible. Therefore, if a young person knows that they have a gender identity crisis or feels that they belong to the opposite sex, it is best to initiate this change before puberty, so that these non-reversible changes do not become established.

Under these circumstances, you can transition to full puberty and if you wish, you can undergo gender reassignment surgery after the age of 18.

What is gender transitioning?

Transitioning is the process of changing one’s gender presentation and/or sex characteristics to accord with one’s internal sense of gender identity – the idea of what it means to be a man or a woman.

Transitioning may involve various forms of medical treatment involving hormonal therapy and psychological counselling. It can also include behavioural therapy to help align your physical characteristics with your gender identity. Affirmed gender is the term used for the gender of the transitioned individual.

What is gender dysphoria?

The medical diagnosis of someone who feels that they do not belong to their assigned birth gender is known as gender dysphoria. This is defined as the experiencing of discomfort or distress, due to a mismatch between your biological sex and your gender identity.

Many transgender individuals who wish to transition or become aligned to their correct gender are prescribed hormones by their doctor or endocrinologist, which will change the physical appearance of their body. Some transgender individuals who transition with hormones will eventually undergo surgery to complete their transition.

Not all transgender people can or will take these steps and it is important to know that transitioning need not involve any form of medical intervention.

Requirements for transgender surgery

There are strict guidelines from the WPATH Society governing what needs to happen before gender reassignment surgery can take place. These requirements are that you must have a constant and consistent desire and have lived as male or female for at least 2 years, and must undergo psychiatric assessment for at least 2 years.

You must also demonstrate that you have lived as male/female for 1 year and dressed according to your desired gender, before considering male to female or female to male gender reassignment surgery (XRS). This type of surgery is also known as gender confirmation surgery.

How is the transgender surgery performed?

Gender affirming surgeries can either be male to female surgery (M2F) or female to male surgery (F2M). Surgery to the top half of your body, which encompasses your facial appearance and the chest/breast area, can be performed before or after genital surgery, however it is more common to do this type of surgery first.

The top half surgery, in both instances, can be done in one stage or numerous stages depending on your wishes. The bottom half surgery in a male to female surgery is usually performed in one stage, but there can be numerous touch ups later, if required.

Female to male surgery is usually performed in a few stages, mainly due to the issue of lengthening of the urethra and insertion of an implant to stiffen the neo-phallus. There are usually three stages involved in female to male surgery.

Male to female (M2F) surgery

Male to female (M2F) surgery is easier to achieve than the female to male (F2M) surgery. The goals of the male to female affirming surgery are most commonly a functioning vagina and a typical female external genitalia that is cosmetically acceptable.

At the time of this operation, the testes are removed (orchiectomy), the penis is excised with preservation of the skin envelope, and a new vagina is reconstructed utilising all of the penile skin. The scrotum is used to reconstruct the labia minora and majora and a clitoroplasty is usually performed, by using a neurovascular island flap and some of the glands of the penis.

Male to female gender affirming surgery takes approximately 3 to 4 hours and requires a general anaesthetic. For the first 2 post-operative days you will need to remain on bed rest and you will have a urinary catheter and some drains as well, which will need to remain in place for up to a week.

Post-operatively, you will be prescribed analgesia (pain medications) and intravenous antibiotics, which will be changed to oral antibiotics a few days after your surgery.

You will remain in the hospital for 8 – 10 days, before being discharged.

It is important to understand that M2F gender affirming surgery will not allow a woman to have any pregnancies or be child bearing. Male to female surgery once performed is totally irreversible.

Female to male (F2M) surgery

Female to male (F2M) surgery is performed in three different stages, with the first stage being the longest. All of the three stages of F2M surgery require general anaesthesia and bladder catheterization.

First stage of F2M surgery

The first stage involves the following operations: an oophorectomy (removal or ovaries), hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) and a vaginectomy (removal of the vagina). The latter operation, a vaginectomy, can be performed at any stage, as it’s not considered to be part of gender affirming surgery.

In addition, a new phallus needs to be fashioned from tissue, which can be harvested from numerous parts of the body. However, microsurgery is often necessary when one transfers tissue from either the forearm or the arm, to the pubic region. For the new phallus, an inner and outer tube need to be fashioned with the inner tube forming the new urethra and the outer tube forming the penis or phallus. This is the first stage of the surgery and might take 4 – 6 hours.

The new urethra must be completely healed and watertight, prior to commencing the second stage of gender reassignment surgery.

Second stage of F2M surgery

In the second stage, the existing urethra (prior to surgery) is joined to the new urethra and the glands are fashioned on the penis.

Third stage of F2M surgery

The last stage of your F2M surgery is the insertion of a prosthesis to keep the phallus’ rigidity. The scrotum are fashioned from the labia and the testes are made by inserting silicone oval shaped implants.

Risks involved in transgender surgery

There are always risks involved with any type of surgery, and M2F and F2M gender reassignment surgeries are no exception.

These risks include: infection, bleeding, delayed healing, skin loss, flap loss, and hypertrophic or keloid scarring. In M2F surgery, injury to the bowel or urethra are also possible and in F2M surgery, injuries to the urethra structures are possible, as are one or more fistulas.

In addition, there is also the possibility of revision operations.

I hope this has given you some insight into transgender surgery or gender confirmation surgery.

If I can be of any more help or if you wish to schedule a consultation with me, please feel welcome to contact my office.

Your consultation can be at any stage of your transition.

 Thank you .

• Dr David Caminer
• Laser & Skin Care

Masada Private Hospital Part of Ramsay Health Care

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Trans Surgery

The team at Masada Private Hospital are passionate about the positive impacts reconstructive surgery can have on people’s lives.

Masada Private Hospital is proud to work with leading plastic and reconstructive Specialised surgeons,  Mr Alan Breidahl , Mr Andrew Ives ,  Mr Cheng Lo , Mr Gideon Belcher and Mr Stephen Kleid , each whom provide high-quality, comprehensive and compassionate care for those seeking trans surgery.

Why Masada?

Our exceptional nursing and support team and world class equipment makes our hospital a place where our surgeons can provide top quality patient care.

Masada Private Hospital’s philosophy is to provide a range of services to support the needs of every community member. Everyone is entitled to the highest level of respect. Our hospital offers a comfortable, welcoming, and discreet place for you to receive quality health care.

For more information about our Hospital  contact us .

Surgical options at Masada

Trans feminine genital reconstructive surgery.

This category of surgeries are performed to create female genitalia.  

Vaginoplasty

A vaginoplasty, which takes about 3-4 hours to perform, involves using the skin of the penis to create a lining of the perineum (opening to the vagina), and the lining of the vagina. Scrotal skin, if required, is used to line the top part of the vaginal cavity.

The testicles are removed. The head of the penis is used to create the neo-clitoris, so that most patients can retain the ability to have an orgasm post operatively.

Length of stay and recovery time

The usual length of stay is around 5-6 nights depending on which surgery you had. Dressings are removed on day 3.

If you are interstate, you will need to plan to stay in Melbourne for around 14-18 days in total.

Total recovery time can take up to 12 weeks, however most patients are able to resume work after 6 to 8 weeks or so, depending on your occupation and the surgery you have had.

Labiaplasty

Similar to a vaginoplasty, the labiaplasty involves the creation of a vaginal dimple instead of a neovagina. The final result looks the same as a vaginoplasty however patients do not have to dilate since they have no cavity.

Orchiectomy

An orchiectomy is a procedure that removes the testes. This procedure can be used to stop the production of testosterone or sperm, affirm gender or remove the need to taken an anti-androgen.

You will either stay overnight or be discharged on the same day – this will vary depending on your surgeon.

Recovery can take from 2 to 8 weeks. You won’t be able to do any strenuous activity, lift heavy objects or drive for at least a few weeks.

The specific instructions for your recovery will vary from surgeon to surgeon and depending on where and what specific surgical techniques are used.

Trans Masculine Genital Reconstructive Surgery

This category of surgeries are performed to create male genitalia.

Phalloplasty

A phalloplasty is a surgical procedure where a penis is created from existing tissue, this could be leg or forearm or elsewhere from the body. A phalloplasty is a multi-staged surgery that may include a variety of different procedures, including creation of the penis, lengthening the urethra to allow for standing urination, creating the tip (glans) of the penis, creation of the scrotum, removal of the vagina, uterus and ovaries and placing erectile and testicular implants.

These surgeries may be broken down into as many as three to four stages, with a period of several months to a year between each stage.

Please note, each staged surgical plan is unique to each patient and may or may not include some/all of the above procedures.

You may stay in hospital up to 2 weeks after each surgery with ongoing outpatient assessment once you’ve discharged. Healing from phalloplasty can take time so it’s vital to plan time to rest and recover for approximately 5-6 weeks. Please speak to your specialist about recovery times relevant to you.

Chest Reconstructive Surgery

Chest reconstructive surgery / top surgery.

The purpose of this surgery is to create a more masculine or androgenous chest. This includes contouring of the chest wall, removal of breast tissue and skin excess, reduction and repositioning of the nipple areolar complex, minimalization of chest wall scars and obliteration of the inframammary fold.

Length of stay and recovery time 

The usual length of stay in hospital is one night however this will differ from surgeon to surgeon. You will need to rest for about two weeks, with no heavy lifting or strenuous exercise for approximately 6 weeks.

Trans Feminine Breast Augmentation

The purpose of this surgery is to increase breast size to create a feminine chest. This procedure is likely to include breast implants.

Recovery from breast implants may take between 4-6 weeks, or several weeks longer depending on the surgical procedure. Often the surgery is conducted as a day procedure however this is dependent on your chosen surgeon.

Your surgeon may advise you to not do any strenuous activity or heavy lifting for the first 3 weeks, and wear compressing clothing, sports bras or specially designed garments, for the first month. You will wear dressings until you meet your surgeon for a check-up.

Facial Surgery

Facial surgery is the name for a range of surgeries that can be used to alter the appearance of the face and neck.

Plastic and reconstructive surgeons specialising in facial reconstruction are available at Masada Private Hospital. These surgeons can support patients with facial feminisation and masculinisation.

Surgical options

• Brow Lift (Browplasty)
• Cheek Enhancement
• Forehead reduction (and hairline lowering)
• Lip lift and reshaping
• Scalp Advancement

The length of stay and recovery time will depend on the type of surgery you undergo. Please consult your specialist for personalised information.

Ear, Nose & Throat Surgery

Ear, Nose and Throat surgeons can cater to specific surgeries to alter the appearance of a person’s nose (Rhinoplasty) or to reduce the prominence of a person’s Adam’s Apple.

Tracheal Shave (Chondrolaryngoplasty)

Chondrolaryngoplasty, also known as tracheal shave, is a procedure to reduce the prominence of the thyroid cartilage by trimming the cartilage and bone through a small incision on the neck (beneath the chin) to decrease the prominence of the Adam’s Apple. It is a common surgical procedure in the facial feminisation process. The procedure takes about 30 to 60 minutes.

For safety, patients will stay in hospital overnight, or at least 8 hours if they have no insurance, to observe for swelling and breathing difficulties.

There are no special post-operative instructions, apart from keeping the dressing dry for 3 days, then you may shower and get it wet.

• Rhinoplasty

Rhinoplasty surgery is a procedure whereby a surgeon reshapes and/or straightens your nose to appear more masculine or feminine. In trans nasal surgery or rhinoplasty, your surgeon will strive to create a natural-looking and unique nose.

The length of your recovery period after nose surgery will depend on your anatomy, general health and the specifics of your procedure. Whilst it depends on your surgeon, you will usually spend at least one night in hospital. The general rule is that you should allow at least 4-6 weeks for initial recovery following your surgery. Be sure you get adequate rest, good nutrition and don’t smoke.

You’re in good hands

Mr Andrew Ives

Mr Andrew Ives , is highly skilled with extensive experience and a passion for the positive changes that plastic surgery can make in people’s lives. He feels privileged to have such a rewarding career.

With years of experience behind him, Mr Ives provides top class surgical services. He also fully understands the human element that comes with surgery, offering personalised advice to support you to reach your surgical goal.

He performs between 170 – 200 gender re-assignments per year. Mr Ives' Nurse consults with all the surgical patients preoperatively and post operatively. All the patients must consult with a Psychiatrist or Clinical psychologist to obtain a WPATH report, before proceeding with surgery.

Mr Ives will take the time to understand your past medical history, general health and journey to date before providing advice on the operations available to you. 

Learn more  about  Mr Andrew Ives .

Trans surgeries conducted:

• Trans masculine/non-binary chest reconstructive surgery
• Trans feminine genital reconstructive surgery - Vaginoplasty, Labiaplasty, Orchidectomy
• Bilateral breast augmentation

A/Prof Cheng Hean Lo

A/Prof Cheng Hean Lo is a specialist plastic & reconstructive surgeon. He is the current Head of Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery at Western Health, and is a senior medical staff at the Victorian Adult Burns Service (The Alfred).  His areas of particular interest include burn surgery and gender affirming surgery.

Learn more  about  Mr Cheng Lo

• MtF & FtM chest reconstructive surgery (including TOP surgery)
• MtF genital reconstructive surgery (including orchidectomy, labiaplasty, vaginoplasty)..

Mr Alan Breidahl

Mr Alan Breidahl is a specialist in post-traumatic and cleft lip-associated Rhinoplasty and has over 20 years clinical experience in all areas of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, including skin cancer, hand surgery, facial trauma and reconstruction, rhinoplasty, otoplasty, blepharoplasty, face lift, breast augmentation and reduction, liposuction and abdominoplasty procedures.

Learn more about Mr Alan Breidahl.

Surgeries conducted:

• Facial feminisation surgery
• Facial masculinisation surgery

Mr Gideon Blecher

Mr Gideon Blecher is an Australian qualified Urologist and Andrologist. As a surgeon who looks after male reproductive and sexual health issues, he has the experience and knowledge to manage complex problems. He has completed several years of overseas fellowship subspeciality training, in both andrology as well as robotic oncology in some of London’s most esteemed hospitals.

Mr Blecher specialises in a variety of areas including erectile dysfunction, penile prosthetic surgery, Peyronie’s disease, genital reconstruction, male infertility, male incontinence, testicular and penile lesions, as well as sexual dysfunction and general urology.

Learn more  about  Mr Gideon Blecher .

• Vaginoplasty, Labiaplasty
• Orchidectomy

Mr Stephen Kleid

Mr Stephen Kleid is an experienced Ear, Nose and Throat ENT Surgeon (Otolaryngologist) based in Melbourne with a passion for Septo-rhinoplasty, Septoplasty and a strong interest in Rhinoplasty Revision.

Mr Kleid trained at Melbourne University, then completed surgical training at various hospitals including Royal Melbourne, Royal Children’s, The Eye and Ear and St Vincent’s.

Learn more about Mr Stephen Kleid.

• Tracheal Shave – reduction of Adam’s Apple

How to book or refer

A referral from a medical professional is required to have a consultation with a plastic and reconstructive surgeon. Please speak to your GP about a referral to the specialist of your choice.

Assessment prior to Surgery

Assessment and documentation of persistent gender dysphoria by a qualified mental health professional is necessary for initiation of surgical treatments.

Each procedure has a different set of criteria recommended to enable surgery to occur – these criteria are set by the World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH). Further, each surgeon may have a different protocol they follow.

They key criterion are:

• Persistent, well documented gender dysphoria;
• Capacity to make a fully informed decision and to consent for treatment
• Age of majority
• If significant medical or mental health concerns are present, they must be reasonably well controlled
• In some circumstances, hormone therapy is a perquisite.

Psychiatrists and psychologists who can complete specialist gender-related mental health assessments. Please ask your GP for a referral to your chosen mental health professional.

Support networks

Below please find a list of the key organisations that provide services. This is not an exhaustive list and there are many other support services that operate within each state.

If you require immediate help and you are in Australia, please call 000. If you need counselling support now please contact Lifeline on 13 11 14, Suicide Call Back 1300 659 467 and/or Mens Line Australia 1300 78 99 78. 

Gender Support – Aleph Melbourne

Alep Melourne offers a safe and inclusive environment for people in the Jewish community who are gender diverse. If you are transgender, gender-fluid, gender questioning, gender neutral or gender queer, then you are welcome here.

Visit - https://aleph.org.au/gender-support/

Genderqueer Australia – Genderqueer peeps

Genderqueer Australia began in 2010 as a peer support group for Gender Questioning, Genderqueer and Trans people, and their family and friends.

We now inform genderqueer, gender diverse and LGBTIQ+ of events, information and call-outs.

Visit - https://www.genderqueer.org.au/

Rainbow Families

Rainbow Families Inc is the peak organisation supporting LGBTQ+ parents and their children. It works to reduce discrimination and disadvantage faced by children of LGBTQ+ parents so they can thrive and shine and is a support network for parents and carers, as well as future parents and carers.

The purpose of Rainbow Families is to build a community that fosters resiliency by connecting, supporting and empowering LGBTQ+ parents and their children.

Visit - https://www.rainbowfamilies.com.au/

Seahorse Club Victoria (seahorsevic.com.au)

Seahorse Victoria Inc was formed in 1975 as a support and social group for the Victorian transgender community and is the longest running organisation of its type in Australia.

Visit - https://seahorsevic.com.au/

Spectrum Intersections - The Rainbow Neurodiverse Group

The Rainbow Neurodiverse Group are a free peer led group for people 18 and over who identify as neurodiverse and on the LGBTIQA+ Spectrums.

This is a safe space and learning environment for people without fear of judgement, misunderstanding, harassment or abuse.

Visit - https://www.spectrumintersections.org

Transfamily

Transfamily is a peer support group for parents, siblings, children, extended family, partners, and friends of trans and gender diverse people.

They offer an understanding environment for friends and family of trans and gender diverse people to share experiences, ask questions, seek advice and support. They are based in Melbourne, Victoria where the group meets monthly, however support is extended and offered to the wider Victorian and Australian population whenever possible.

Visit - https://www.transfamily.org.au/

The Shed is a Melbourne based support group for trans masculine people, including AFAB people who are non-binary and those who are questioning or exploring their gender.

We meet up to support each other and build resilience through sharing personal experiences of trans life.

Visit - https://www.theshedsupport.org.au/

General Enquiries 03 9038 1300 Fax 03 9038 1309

The hidden $100,000 price tag on being transgender

There's a massive price tag on being transgender in Australia.

For some, the cost of surgery and treatment for gender dysphoria will crack $100,000.

The ABC's new podcast The Signal has been following one woman's effort to find the money she needs to transition, while living below the poverty line.

Stand-up comedy has been Cassie Workman's main income for the past seven or eight years.

Normally, it's just enough cash to scrape by, but recently she's also been diverting as much as she can towards an estimated $85,000 in medical, administrative and incidental costs associated with her transition to a woman.

That includes everything from surgery to taxis home at night, because of the elevated risk of assault for trans women.

So far she's cleared her first financial hurdle — to cover her first round of surgery in June.

"I exhausted pretty much every avenue I had at my disposal to get this first amount of money," Ms Workman said.

Beyond that, she's not sure how she'll cover costs.

"I was really lucky to have a lot of supportive fans who were able to contribute, who I'm eternally indebted to. But that's not something that I'd be able to do again," she said.

Ms Workman hopes to be able to afford facial feminisation surgery in 2019 as well as other cosmetic changes, but is bracing for a long process.

Surgery is the most expensive part of her transitioning process, but she said the little things add up too.

"The most immediate one … is riding in an Uber or a taxi, because it's dangerous to be out at night," Ms Workman said.

"And hormone replacement therapy is an ongoing cost for the rest of your life … so you've always got to have something coming in."

Critical shortage of surgical specialists

As well as the high price tag, specialist care for trans people is in extremely short supply.

The Signal spoke to Dr Andrew Ives, a Melbourne-based surgeon who performs breast surgery, as well as male-to-female genital reconstructive surgery.

"From the genital surgical perspective, there's myself and another surgeon who I know of practising up in Sydney, but he doesn't do many [surgeries] any more," Dr Ives said.

"So essentially at the present moment, I'm doing most of the surgery I believe."

According to Dr Ives, the shortage is essentially self-perpetuating.

"Because there's no formal centre for treating patients … there's nowhere really for any formal training of registrars who are coming through those specialities [like urology or plastic surgery] who might have an interest in it," he said.

It's not just a shortage of surgeons either.

Ms Workman said in Sydney she's only aware of two endocrinologists — the doctors responsible for hormonal treatment — who specialise in treating trans people.

"You cannot get in to see these people," she said. "If you miss an appointment, that's it. It's really crazy."

Lifesaving surgery

Ms Workman describes coming out as a lifesaving measure.

"I knew that I couldn't do it for another 35 years. I knew that there was no way," she said.

"That's why I drank and smoked and did a bunch of drugs and stuff, because I'd sort of hoped it would kill me before I ran out of energy. But it didn't, and I'm glad."

Although not everyone who transitions opts for surgery, or at least the same kinds of surgery, Ms Workman sees it as essential in her case.

Surgeon Dr Ives agrees that gender affirmation surgery for many is a matter of life and death.

"I mean the suicide rate for the trans community is significantly higher than the general population," Dr Ives said.

He argues it should be fully covered by Medicare, even though it doesn't fit the traditional definition of a lifesaving procedure.

"It's not like, [they] had an accident [and they] need to have the surgery or they die — those patients go to hospital they all get treated, full stop.

"This is sort of like if the patient wasn't able to access this surgery somehow, then they might consider trying to end their life."

In a statement, a spokesperson for the Department of Health said there are rebates for some surgical procedures and partial rebates for appointments with specialists.

The statement goes on to say the only way that support would change is on the recommendation of an expert advisory committee.

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How to afford transgender surgery expenses.

Updated: Nov 11, 2022, 2:00pm

Transgender surgeries—also called gender affirmation or gender confirmation surgeries—are medical procedures you can undergo to affirm your gender identity.

The cost of these kinds of surgeries are often steep, and health insurance coverage for them can vary by policy. “Even if a procedure is covered by insurance, there are still deductibles and out-of-pocket maximums,” said Wynne Nowland, CEO of Bradley & Parker, who transitioned at 56. Surgeries that are solely cosmetic might not be covered by insurance at all.

The good news is that several financing options are available to help you pay for procedures. Some organizations even offer grants and scholarships that can help you afford surgery costs.

How Much Does Transgender Surgery Cost?

The cost of transgender surgery can vary by provider and the type of surgery you choose to get. For a female-to-male transition, masculinization chest surgery (also known as top surgery) might cost $3,000 to $10,000 while chest surgery for a male-to-female transition could cost $5,000 to $10,000, according to Longwood Plastic Surgery.

Bottom surgeries, such as vaginoplasty or phalloplasty, can cost $25,600 and $24,900, respectively, according to estimates from The Philadelphia Center for Transgender Surgery. Additional procedures can increase the transition expenses from there. Aside from the actual surgery cost, other hidden expenses can arise as well.

For example, you could need help at home while in recovery if you don’t have a good support system, according to Nowland. There may also be travel and hotel expenses, which are typically not covered by insurance. Nowland says the best way to prepare for surgery is to reach out to insurance to discuss coverage and plan on saving the funds you’ll need to proceed.

If you’re considering borrowing money to pay for surgery and recovery costs, here are four options to consider.

Related: Does Being Transgender Affect Life Insurance?

4 Ways to Finance Transgender Surgery Costs

Personal loans, credit cards, medical credit cards and home equity loans are products you could use to pay for transgender surgery costs over time. Here’s what you need to know about each:

Personal loans are typically unsecured installment loans that provide a lump sum you can use for almost any legal personal expense, including medical bills. Lenders may offer loans of $1,000 to $100,000. However, your credit and income can affect how much you can borrow and your interest rate.

The average annual percentage rate (APR) for a five-year personal loan is 15.93% as of Sept. 19, 2022, but rates can go up to 36% APR. The good news is that many lenders let you prequalify for personal loans online without a hard credit check , allowing you to shop around for rates and compare costs before borrowing.

Credit Cards

Credit cards give you access to a credit line you can use to cover medical bills. You’ll then pay off the balance over time. While certain credit cards have annual fees, many don’t. Some credit cards even offer an introductory 0% APR for a number of months when you open a new account.

Standard interest applies after the interest-free period, but charging and paying off procedures during the interest-free period could be an affordable way to finance bills. That said, credit cards are usually best for expenses you can repay relatively quickly since interest rates can be higher than personal loans, so maintaining a high balance over several years can get costly.

Medical Credit Cards

Medical credit cards are designed specifically for medical bills and could be a financing option recommended by your doctor’s office.

CareCredit is a popular medical credit card that offers no-interest financing plans of six, 12, 18 or 24 months on transactions over $200. There’s a catch, though: If you don’t pay off the balance during the financing period, interest is charged retroactively from the time of your purchase.

For purchases of at least $1,000, CareCredit offers extended financing terms of 24, 36, 48 or 60 months. The APR for payment plans is fixed and ranges from 14.90% to 17.90%, depending on how much you borrow and the loan term you choose.

Home Equity Loans or Lines of Credit

If you own a house, home equity loans and home equity lines of credit (HELOCs) are ways to borrow from the equity you’ve built up. Here’s how both of these options work:

• Home equity loans: A home equity loan is an installment loan that lets you borrow money in a lump sum, which you could use to cover transgender surgery costs. Homeowners are typically able to borrow up to 85% of home equity, and loan terms can range from five to 30 years.
• HELOCs: These are lines of credit you can draw from and pay down with a variable interest rate. A HELOC could be a better alternative to a home equity loan if you have ongoing costs as it will give you the flexibility to borrow only what you need and pay it back as you go.

The advantage of home equity products for medical expenses is that interest rates may be lower than unsecured personal loans since the collateral (your home) backing minimizes risk for the lender.

However, since your home secures the transaction, you could lose your house if you can’t keep up with loan payments. If the value of your home decreases, there’s also a chance you could go underwater on the house if you end up owing more on your mortgage and loan than the home is worth.

Can You Get Transgender Surgery Grants?

Several organizations offer grants to help cover transition costs, including gender-affirming surgery, which is money you don’t have to pay back. Requirements for grant funding can vary, but in some cases, you need to show that you’ve saved up some money on your own for the surgery to be awarded money. Here are a few examples of organizations offering grants:

• Jim Collins Foundation : The Jim Collins Foundation offers two grants. General Fund grants can cover all gender-affirming surgery costs while Krysallis Anne Hembrough Legacy Fund grants can cover 50% of surgery costs for recipients who match the grant funds awarded.
• Point of Pride : Point of Pride offers an annual scholarship-like program that provides financial assistance for gender-affirming surgery.
• The Loft LGBTQ+ Community Center : TransMission grant funds through the Loft LGBTQ+ Community Center aren’t enough to cover the full cost of surgery. However, grants may be used to help pay for therapy, hormones and other transition expenses.

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Tips to Pay For Transgender Surgery Expenses

As you come up with a plan and explore ways to pay for surgeries, here are a few tips to consider:

• Double-check your insurance policy. Read policy terms carefully and reach out to your insurer to ask about what surgeries are covered. “Like all covered insurance procedures, expect to deal with some red tape, but your patience in doing so will be worth it,” said Nowland.
• Use a health savings account (HSA) or flexible spending account (FSA). HSAs and FSAs are both tax-advantaged accounts designed to help you stash money for medical expenses, which could include gender-affirming surgeries. You can make pre-tax contributions to both accounts from your salary if you set them up with your employer. If you set up an HSA on your own, you can deduct contributions from your tax return.
• Consider crowdfunding. Crowdfunding is when you set up a campaign to raise funds. If you prefer to keep medical procedures private, creating a campaign and asking for donations may not be the right route to take. But if you feel comfortable sharing your story, setting up a GoFundMe or Fundly fundraising page could be a way to cover the cost of your surgeries. Bonfire is another site you can use to fundraise by selling customized t-shirts.
• Get support from family and peers. If you have friends or family able to gift or loan you money, it can be more affordable than taking out a loan from a bank, online lender or credit union.

How to Save Up for Gender Affirming Surgery

Using a combination of funding sources is a strategy that could help you rely less heavily on loans.

Different surgeons charge different fees, so compare prices to project costs. From there, you can determine how much you’ll need to save and by when. If you don’t use an FSA or HSA to save, consider stashing your savings for surgery in a high-yield savings account so your savings earn more interest than it would in a traditional savings account.

Certain savings tools can make setting aside money easier. For example, banks often have recurring transfer features you can set up to automatically move money from a checking account to your savings on a schedule. Plus, savings apps like Digit exist, which can connect to your bank account, use an algorithm to review your cash flow and put spare money away for you automatically. Your savings can grow over time, so you can pay for treatment and surgery as you go.

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Cranford house, opening hours, gender reassignment top surgery.

Gender reassignment top surgery can be an important component of your social and medical transition. It is not for everyone, but has the potential to effectively treat dysphoria and improve your level of comfort and help to balance your body.

Gender reassignment top surgery Adelaide

Gender reassignment top surgeries snap shot.

• Male-to-female top surgery usually involves breast augmentation with implants. However, it can also involve strategies such as breast lifting, liposuction and fat grafting.
• Female-to-male top surgery involves removing breast tissue in a way that results in a traditionally masculine appearance.

Top surgery for trans patients reflects just one component of a complex journey that traditionally has involved a medical and social transition guided by psychiatrist, psychologists, sexual health physicians, general practitioners and more.

Plastic and reconstructive surgeons play a critical role in this step, but they still rely heavily on the guidance of psychiatrists and psychologists in helping to assess “readiness” for surgery.

Top surgery is one of Dr Lam’s areas of interest. He has a good understanding and appreciation of the complexities of trans health and of the trans patient. He is a member of AUSPATH, and GenderNetwork SA and Trans Health SA . He understands that you are unique and “readiness” for surgery can differ vastly between patients.

Social and medical transition are important, however each journey is unique. It is important that you surround yourself with the appropriate specialists to help you through your transition. Dr Lam prefers a letter of recommendation for surgery from a psychiatrist, however, a letter of recommendation from a qualified psychologist who works in the trans-health arena can sometimes be appropriate.

If you would like to know more about gender reassignment top surgery, or to request a consultation,  please contact us .

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Transgender advice, information and support specific to Australia

Moving to Australia

Hey I’m considering moving to Australia from the USA and I’m just very confused I keep looking for private insurance that has gender reassignment surgery covered but not a lot shows up and is there something I’m missing or what? And what is the process of getting gender reassignment surgery in Australia?

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