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ZEW - Centre for European Economic Research

The Centre for European Economic Research (ZEW) in Mannheim is a non-profit and independent institute with the legal form of a limited liability company (GmbH). Founded in 1990 on the basis of a public-private initiative in the Federal State of Baden-Württemberg in co-operation with the University of Mannheim, ZEW is one of Germany's leading economic research institutes, and enjoys a strong reputation throughout Europe.

Currently, the Centre for European Economic Research employs a staff of 190, of which 2/3 are scientists. The interdisciplinary approach of the ZEW is reflected in the collaboration of economists and graduates in business management, economic engineers, and IT specialists, as well as scientists from other fields, e.g. jurists and natural scientists.

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ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research

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The Research Unit “Pensions and Sustainable Financial Markets” analyses the challenges to pension systems and the financial sector posed by global trends – such as demographic change, digitisation and climate change.

• All content of the research unit
• Banks and Financial Intermediation
• Household Finance
• Financial Education in Germany: Status Quo and Perspectives
• Communication toolbox for engaging and aiding women in pension planning
• Monetary Policy, Binding Regulatory Capital Constraint and Banks' Reaction
• All Projects
• ZEW-Finanzmarktreport - März 2024
• ZEW-Finanzmarktreport - Februar 2024
• ZEW-Finanzmarktreport - Januar 2024
• All Publications
• Ageing and Sustainable Finance
• Show all events

The Research Unit “Labour Markets and Social Insurance” examines institutional frameworks and structural changes of labour markets in Europe and America. It analyses labour market outcomes of individuals, firms and regions.

• Education and Social Mobility
• Digitalisation and Structural Change
• Health at Work
• The Empty Office: An International Study of Teleworking
• WinWin4WorkLife: Healthy, inclusive and sustainable remote work futures as a Win-Win for employees and employers
• Digital Transformation and Changing World of Work – DiWaBe 2.0
• Computers as Stepping Stones? Technological Change and Equality of Labor Market Opportunities
• Sick Leave and Medical Leave in the United States: A Categorization and Recent Trends
• Die Akademisierung und die Evolution der Lohnstruktur nach Bildungsabschlüssen
• Workshop on Wealth Inequality, Intergenerational Mobility, and Equality of Opportunity
• Third Workshop on Immigration, Integration, and Attitudes
• Trading Sex

The Research Unit “Digital Economy” is renowned for its expertise in measuring digitalisation and analysing its economic impact.

• Diffusion of Digital Technologies
• Digitalisation and Corporate Strategies
• Digital Platforms
• Junior Research Group Digital Market Design
• YouTube Adpocalypse: The YouTubers' Journey from Ads-Based to Patron-Based Revenues
• Data-driven Analysis of Hate Speech on German Twitter and the Effects of Regulation
• Berechnung der Zukunftsquote 2018 bis 2023: Zukunftsausrichtung des Bundeshaushalts erholt vom Corona-Tief
• To Diversify or Not? The Link Between Global Sourcing of ICT Goods and Firm Performance
• IKT-Branchenbild 2023 - Volkswirtschaftliche Kennzahlen, Innovations- und Gründungsgeschehen
• 22nd ZEW Conference on the Economics of Information and Communication Technologies
• Implementing the AI Act: How to Assess Generative Artificial Intelligence?

The Research Group “Health Care Markets and Health Policy” is dedicated to the analysis of health care markets and the evaluation of health policy measures.

• All content of the research group
• Digital Health
• Market Structures in Health Care
• Reimbursement of Medical Services
• Consultion Time in GP Care - A European Comparison
• Opportunities and Challenges of Digitalisation in the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg 2021
• Reformvorschlag für einen nachhaltigen Risikostrukturausgleich
• Für einen besseren Datenzugang: Stellungnahme der Arbeitsgruppe Gesundheitsdaten
• Datenzugang für Forschung und Politikberatung in Deutschland
• General Practice without General Practitioners?

The Research Unit “Economics of Innovation and Industrial Dynamics” investigates the behaviour of firms under dynamic market conditions.

• Industry-Science Linkages and Technology Transfer
• Innovation Processes in Firms
• Intellectual Property Rights and Intangible Investments
• Junior Research Group Co-Creation
• Junior Research Group Competition and Innovation
• Firm Foundations and the Growth of Start-ups
• Firm Closures
• ZEW Research Data Centre
• Firm Dynamics in the Knowledge Economy – Indicator Study 2025
• High-Growth Entrepreneurship, Innovation, and the Transformation of the Economy
• Industrial Dynamics and Innovation in Berlin
• Global Influence of Inventions and Technology Sovereignty
• Location Factors and Ecosystem Embedding of Sustainability-Engaged Blockchain Companies in the US. A Web-Based Analysis
• Wie steht es um die Innovationsfähigkeit Deutschlands?
• 13. MaCCI Law & Economics Conference
• Regulating the Agri-food Supply Chain

The Research Unit “Market Design” focuses on the analysis and optimisation of markets.

• Auction Market Design
• Design of Matching Markets
• Kopernikus project "Industrial processes": Synchronized and energy-adaptive production technology for flexible alignment of industrial processes to a fluctuating energy supply (SynErgie 3)
• Tapping into People’s Impatience for Better Environmental Subsidies
• Energy market design of the future – Design of a competition-driven capacity market model
• Creating Investment Incentives, Providing Reserve Capacity: options for the market integration of renewable energy
• Combinatorial auctions for renewable energy – potentials and challenges
• Seebeben der Stärke 12,6: Die rekordbrechende deutsche Offshore-Wind-Auktion
• Research with and within Organisations
• Carbon Accounting Quality
• Combining Human Expertise with Artificial Intelligence

The Research Unit “Environmental and Climate Economics” investigates the role that individual and collective human behaviour, markets and institutions play in the emergence and solution of environmental problems. We focus in particular on issues of climate change and sustainable energy supply.

• Cooperative Behaviour for Sustainability
• Impacts of Environmental Policy on Firms and Households
• Market Mechanisms and Decarbonisation Policies
• Ariadne2: Evidence-based assessment for the design of the German energy system transformation - Sub-project: Economic assessment and design of EU climate policy
• Market and policy mechanisms for decarbonizing the power sector in the EU and China
• Horizon Europe: Welfare Systems and Labour Market Policies for Economic and Social Resilience in Europe
• Fueling Electrification: The Impact of Gas Prices on Hybrid Car Usage
• State Mandates on Renewable Heating Technologies and the Housing Market
• Do Climate Policies Lead To Outsourcing? Evidence From Firm-Level Imports
• 12th Mannheim Conference on Energy and the Environment

The Research Group “Inequality and Public Policy” analyses the distributional effects of social policies.

• Measurement of Inequality
• Distributional Effects of Taxes and Transfers
• Inequality and Demography
• Reform of Transfer Withdrawal Rates and Improving Incentives to Work
• Gender- and Cohort Differences in Earnings and Employment
• Quantification of a Basic Child Allowance
• Minimum Wages and Insurance within the Firm
• Multi-dimensionale regionale Ungleichheit in Deutschland: Eine Analyse aus ökonomischer und raumwissenschaftlicher Perspektive
• ZEW Monthly - 03/2024 – Inequality
• 11th Annual MannheimTaxation Conference

The “Corporate Taxation and Public Finance” Research Unit addresses questions related to corporate taxation and empirical public economics within the context of European integration.

• Corporate Tax System Analyses
• Empirical Effects of Corporate Taxation
• Fiscal Institutions in the European Union
• Fiscal Decision Making
• Junior Research Group Public Procurement
• BAK Taxation Index 2024/2025
• The EU’s New Era of “Fair Company Taxation”: The Impact of DEBRA and Pillar 2 on the EU Member States’ Effective Tax Rates
• Inheritance tax – An analysis of the economic impact, international tax burden and existing tax planning opportunities in Germany
• The Digital Economy, Global Tax Reforms and Developing Countries – An Evaluation of Pillar I and Art. 12B UN Model
• Intransparente EU-Verschuldung: Deutschlands Anteil liegt bei 262 Milliarden Euro
• Leveling the Playing Field? A Qualitative and Quantitative Examination of the EU Directive on Public Country-By-Country Reporting
• 2024 ZEW Public Finance Conference

Discussion and Working Papers

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Motherhood continues to pose significant challenges to women’s careers, and a correct assessment of its effects is crucial for understanding the persistent gender inequality in the labor market. We show that the…

Forceful or Persistent: How the ECB's New Inflation Target Affects Households' Inflation Expectations

Favoritism by the governing elite.

In this paper, we study the extent to which ministers engage in regional favoritism. We are the first to provide a comprehensive analysis of a larger set of the governing elite, not just focusing on the primary…

Bureaucratic Frictions and Innovation Procurement

Is work overload a friction to public agencies? Using data on R&D procurements, patents, and contracting units from a US federal agency, we investigate how officer workload impacts innovation procurement…

Leili Erfanian

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ZEW – Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research

The main areas of research at ZEW are:

• Pensions and Sustainable Financial Markets
• Labour Markets and Social Insurance
• Digital Economy
• Health Care Markets and Health Policy
• Economics of Innovation and Industrial Dynamics
• Market Design
• Inequality and Public Policy
• Corporate Taxation and Public Finance
• Environmental and Climate Economics

ZEW’s guiding principle is to study and help design well-performing markets and institutions in Europe. In particular, it seeks to understand how to create a market framework that will enable the sustainable and efficient development of European economies. Providing evidence-based policy advice is another key objective for ZEW. Established in 1991, ZEW actively supports economic transformation through targeted knowledge transfer. The research institute engages in numerous international collaborations and, in partnership with the University of Mannheim, oversees two Leibniz ScienceCampi: “Mannheim Centre for Competition and Innovation” (MaCCI) and “MannheimTaxation”, both distinguished scientific competence centres with global appeal.

Woman and top positions

Women face clearly identifiable and direct obstacles which prevent equal representation. A study shows two reasons.​

Satisfaction after system change

The democratisation of the GDR has had different effects on opponents and supporters of the GDR’s political regime. Former opponents are significantly happier with the new democratic system than they were before.

Opportunities of reverse mortgages

Reverse mortgages allow consumers to take loans against their real estate assets to bridge the gap in their retirement income. The market here is not well developed yet - but could grow significantly in the future.

President and Director of Science and Research: Prof. Achim Wambach, PhD Director of Business and Administration: Claudia von Schuttenbach Communications: Dr Frank Herkenhoff

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• Publications
• IZA Discussion Papers
• Racing With or Against the Machine? Evidence from Europe

January 2019

IZA DP No. 12063: Racing With or Against the Machine? Evidence from Europe

published as 'Racing With or Against the Machine? Evidence on the Role of Trade in Europe" in: Journal of the European Economic Association , 2022, 20 (2), 869 - 906

A fast-growing literature shows that digital technologies are displacing labor from routine tasks, raising concerns that labor is racing against the machine. We develop a task-based framework to estimate the aggregate labor demand and employment effects of routine-replacing technological change (RRTC), along with the underlying mechanisms. We show that while RRTC has indeed had strong displacement effects in the European Union between 1999 and 2010, it has simultaneously created new jobs through increased product demand, outweighing displacement effects and resulting in net employment growth. However, we also show that this finding depends on the distribution of gains from technological progress.

• routine-replacing technological change
• labor demand
• local demand spillovers

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