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C1 Advanced: Writing Part 1 Formal Essay

This is yet another designed to help students prepare for part one of the C1 Cambridge Advanced (CAE) writing exam. Some of the content has been rehashed from old posts but the approach is slightly different. Download the student handout below:

Give out the handout and draw students’ attention to the task on page one and the first version at the bottom of the page. Have them read the task, then the model answer, then answer questions 1-3 with their partner:

• Which of the three areas (convenience, cost & enjoyment) does the writer focus on? cost and convenience
• Which one do they decide has the biggest impact on where people choose to shop? cost
• Content (have they answered the question?) 4.5 – 5 – yes, question is fully answered
• Range of language 2.5 – reads more like a B2 First essay
• Appropriate style (formal/informal) 1.5 – too informal, not the right style: contractions, words like “stuff”, too personal (too much “I” and “we”), “first let’s look at”

Now have students look at question 4. If you’re pressed for time, you could skip this part. Have students brainstorm more formal and advanced ways of expressing the parts in bold in pairs or groups. Perhaps you could assign one paragraph to each group and have them report back in open class. Board their ideas.

Now have students flip the paper over. Version 2 essential expresses the same ideas but with more advanced language and a more appropriate register. Direct students to find the “fancy” equivalents of the underlined phrases from version 1 in version 2.

Set students the homework task by first encouraging them to discuss the topic:

Factors when deciding where to go on holiday:

• Cultural activities

Encourage them to use the language from version 2 and the language on pages 2 and 3 in their compositions.

Read version 1 and answer the questions:

• Which of the three areas (convenience, cost & enjoyment) does the writer focus on?
• Which one do they decide has the biggest impact on where people choose to shop?
• Content (have they answered the question?)
• Range of language
• Appropriate style (formal/informal)
• Look at the sections in bold, how could you express the same ideas in a more impressive/formal way?

We’re always hearing in the news about how more and more people are buying things on the internet . It’s a big problem that fewer people are going shopping in physical shops nowadays . But, what makes people decide where to shop?

First, let’s look at convenience. It’s true that shopping online is much easier than shopping in physical shops. You can buy stuff on your computer and you can sit on your sofa , you don’t need to leave your house . Also , the stuff gets sent to your house . When you go to the physical shop you have to take it home yourself.

Now I’ll talk about cost. Some people think that cost is the most important thing people think about when they decide where to shop. For example, when the sales are on people buy things in shops they don’t normally go to. But some people don’t care about the price. It doesn’t matter if it’s expensive or not.

In conclusion, looking at the facts, I think that cost is the most important thing for most people because if you don’t have enough money , you can’t buy it.

Find and underline the ways that the same ideas are expressed in this version.

Hardly a week goes by without another news report about the recent dramatic increase in online shopping. The decline of the high street shop is undoubtedly a major issue in this day and age. However, which aspect of shopping has the biggest influence on where people shop?

The first area to take into account is convenience. It is undoubtedly the case that shopping online is much more convenient than shopping on the high street. Not only can you make a purchase with the click of a button, but also you can do it from the comfort of your sofa without setting foot outside your door.  In addition, the goods are delivered directly to your door whereas when you shop in physical shops you have to carry it home yourself.

Another aspect to consider is cost. There are those who argue that cost has the biggest impact on where people decide to shop. This is illustrated by the fact that during the sales many people buy things in shops they would not normally enter. Nevertheless, for some people the cost is not an issue, they buy what they want to buy no matter the price.

In light of the above, weighing up all the evidence, it is probably true to say that cost does indeed have the biggest influence on where people decide to shop due to the fact that most of the time, if you cannot afford something then you will not be able to buy it.

(247 words)

Homework Task

Your class has had a class debate on the most important factors when it comes to deciding on a holiday destination.

Some opinions expressed in the debate:

• “If it’s not a sunny place, then I’m not going. Why would I visit a cold, rainy city?”
• “I want my money to go further. For the price of a weekend in Paris, I could spend 2 weeks in Morocco.”
• “I can’t stand just lying on a beach, I need to get out and learn something about the places I’m visiting.”

Write an essay for your tutor, discussing two of the factors in your notes. You should explain which factor is the most important for most people , giving reasons to support your argument.

You may, if you wish, make use of the opinions expressed in the debate but you should use your own words as far as possible. Write your essay in 220-260 words in an appropriate style.

Language for introductions

• In this day and age…
• … is a hotly-debated topic that often divides opinion.
• … is a growing issue in today’s society
• We live in an age when many of us are…
• More and more families are choosing to have only one child.
• The trend nowadays is towards having smaller families.
• Over the past ten years or so the media have frequently carried reports of ……………
• Recent research indicates that the number of teenagers who smoke is increasing.
• Hardly a week goes by without another report of …………….. appearing in the media.
• Although most people would generally agree that …………… few would deny that ……..

Language for topic sentences

Second Paragraph

• …. clearly/undoubtedly has an impact on…
• It is common knowledge that… plays a crucial role in…
• It is undoubtedly the case that…
• There is little doubt that…
• … is widely believed to contribute to…
• It is generally considered that…
• Recent research suggests that…
• Studies have shown that… has an impact/influence on…
• Few people would contest/dispute the fact that…

Third Paragraph

• Another factor to consider is…
• On the other hand/In contrast…
• It is often claimed that…
• All the evidence suggests that…

Language for supporting ideas

Language for introducing supporting ideas:

• For example,
• For instance,
• An obvious example of this is…
• A clear example of this is…
• This is illustrated by…
• As a case in point…

Paragraph Skeleton

It goes without saying that …………………………………………………………………… A clear example of this is ………………………………………………………. In addition, ……………………………………………………………………. Nevertheless, …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Overall/in summary ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Language for conclusions:

• In light of the above, / Taking all this into consideration/account,…
• As far as I am concerned, / in my opinion, / as I see it, etc.
• … is the most effective way to… due to the fact that…
• Despite the fact that… undoubtedly plays a role in… I firmly believe that… is more effective due to the fact that…

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Author: Tim Warre

Barcelona based English Teacher, blogger and sometime actor and director. View All Posts

One thought on “ C1 Advanced: Writing Part 1 Formal Essay ”

On Fri, Feb 26, 2021 at 9:42 PM Tim’s Free English Lesson Plans wrote:

> Tim Warre posted: ” Image credit: Cambridge Assessment English This is yet > another designed to help students prepare for part one of the C1 Cambridge > Advanced (CAE) writing exam. Some of the content has been rehashed from old > posts but the approach is slightly different.” >

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How to write a formal Letter/Email ? | C1 Advanced (CAE)

FCE, CAE, CPE

Practice tests online.

Writing paper will require a response which is consistently appropriate for the specified target reader , and for example, you can expect to be asked to write different kinds of letters. Moreover, their register and style can be formal or informal .

What is the formal style of writing?

The main characteristics of a formal writing style are:

• A more complex structure. Formal writing often uses longer sentences. In formal writing, you will also see a more structured approach generally, with points clearly introduced, explained and concluded.
• An objective approach.  Main points are usually stated and then supported with arguments. Formal writing is less likely to be emotional in style.
• Writing in the third person.  Formal writing is not a personal writing style. The writer often aims to sound dispassionate about the topic.

Me, myself, I Everybody likes to talk about themselves, but when (for example) you’re reviewing a film, y ou should be talking about the film and not about yourself.

The informal you The way the word you is used in informal speech ‘You should have seen it!’ ‘if you know what I mean’   is not appropriate in formal writing. The word you point a finger at the reader. But the readers are not friends of yours, and you have no right to make assumptions about them.

C1 Advanced (CAE) Formal Letter/Email: Structure

Practice, Write & Improve

C1 advanced (cae) formal letter/email: writing guide, before you start….

Read the task carefully and then… You need to underline all the content points and consider the following:

• Why are you are writing the letter/email? To correct information, to apply for a job, to complain about something…
• Who is the target reader? You may have to write to the editor of a publication, to a potential employer, to a university administrator…
• Which language/register would be appropriate to reach my goal? Is there enough specific detail in my letter/email to convince the target reader?

  The CAE test does not require you to include dates or addresses in any of your letters, whether formal or informal.

1. Salutation

If you do not know the name of the person you are writing to, use this. It is always advisable to try to find out a name.

Dear Sir or Madam

If you know the name, use the title (Mr, Mrs, Miss or Ms, Dr, etc.) and the surname only. If you are writing to a woman and do not know if she uses Mrs or Miss , you can use Ms , which is for married and single women.

Dear Mr Jenkins

Dear Editor

2. The first paragraph (opening)

The first paragraph of formal letters should include an introduction to the purpose of the letter. The summary of the letter can be found and the intentions which will be displayed through the rest of the letter should be outlined.

Example 1: I am writing in response to the advert I saw in the newspaper seeking people to work as tour guides. I think I would make a very good tour guide and I wish to apply for the job.

Example 2: I am writing about a recent incident in your shop in which I had the misfortune to be involved in. The incident I refer to is when one of your staff stopped me and accused me of shoplifting. 

3. The next paragraphs (main content)

The second and following paragraphs should provide the main information of the letter, and describe the main purpose mentioned in the introductory first paragraph .  Most letters in English are not very long, so keep the information to the essentials and concentrate on organising it in a clear and logical manner rather than expanding too much.

• You should always be polite and respectful. A useful way to achieve it especially in formal letters is to use ‘modal verbs’, i.e., would, could or should.
• It’s important to write simply and clearly . It’s worth noting that you have to avoid using informal language, for instance, avoid contractions (i.e. I’m, it’s, etc.).

Sample paragraph structure:

Paragraph 1: To begin with, I would like to put forward … Paragraph 2: Needless to say, this was …. Paragraph 3: But the thing that impressed me most…

Get Your (CAE) Letter Checked!

4. closing and signing off.

Example call to actions:

Example:1   Thank you for your consideration of my suggestions. I look forward to an opportunity to discuss this matter further. Example 2:  If you require further information, please do not hesitate to ask

Closing and signing off:

Yours faithfully –  use it if you don’t know the name of the recipient. Yours sincerely –  use it if you know the name of the recipient.

Let’s sum it up…

C1 Advanced (CAE) Formal Letter/Email: Example Letters

Cae example formal letter/email.

You recently had an unpleasant experience when you were shopping in a department store. One of the assistants wrongly accused you of shoplifting. Although you were able to prove that you had paid for the item in question, you received no apology.

Write a letter to the manager of the shop, saying why you are angry and disappointed and asking for some kind of compensation for the way you were treated. Say that you will take further action if you do not receive an official apology.

Model answer

Dear Mr Menton,

I am writing about a recent incident in your shop in which I had the misfortune to be involved in. The incident I refer to is when one of your staff stopped me and accused me of shoplifting in front of about 20 other people. Needless to say, this was an extremely embarrassing situation for me. Thank goodness I had kept the receipt to prove that I had paid for everything on my person at the time, but to be accused of stealing like that in front of all those people – some of whom I knew personally – was very humiliating and degrading. The shop assistant used a very accusatory tone…

But the thing that angered and dismayed me most was not the accusation itself – after all, misunderstandings happen sometimes – but the accuser’s failure to acknowledge his mistake or apologise to me. When I showed him the receipt, he simply walked off mumbling about how ‘shady’ a character I looked. Considering how much embarrassment I was caused, I do not think it was too much to have expected a simple apology either, do you?

Which brings me back to why I am writing; if I cannot get an apology from this assistant, then I would like a formal one from you instead. If an official apology is not forthcoming and I am not compensated in some way – with a shopping voucher for example – then be warned that I will take further steps to ensure that I get justice.

I look forward to hearing from you at the very earliest convenience.

Yours sincerely, Michael Mathers

A student from a business school in an English-speaking country has arranged to spend two months on a work experience programme in your department. Your manager has asked you to write a letter to the student, welcoming him to your company, explaining what he will be expected to do and how he will benefit from this experience.

Write your letter .

Dear Mr Miller 

We are delighted that you have decided to spend two months on a work experience programme in the xxx marketing department. We warmly welcome you  to our company in general and to our department in particular .  

Y ou will be given the unique opportunity to work with a young team launching a  new soft drink. Your work will be as interesting as demanding. You will have  to analyse sever al surveys which  have recently been conducted. Based on the results of your analysis you will have to think about possible target customers . F urther more, you will be asked to develop ideas on how exactly we could  launch our soft drink. You will have to gather though ts about how to run a successful campaign. As this project has not been made public yet, we expect  you not to talk about this project to your friends or family . You will be expected  to work hard and, sometimes, for long hours.

However , you will most certainly learn a lot. Y ou will be given the unique chance to develop a marketing campaign. You will also get used to working with different marketing tools. Furthermore, you will have to learn how to  take advanta ge of a wide va riety of computer programs, which will not only  help you to analy se the surveys conducted but will also assist you in making out possible target customers. This two months work experience programme will  help you to understand the use and impact of marketing tools. We are confident that this experience will go far beyond that what you have learnt at university .

We are looking forward to working with you.  

Y ours sincer ely

Your company would like to offer work-experience placements to students in an international college. Write a letter for publication in the student newspaper at the college.

Your letter should explain what your company does, what kind of work-experience placements are available, and how students would benefit from the experience.

Dear Students,

Are you looking for a work placement that will give you plenty of valuable experience and will look good on your CV? If so, then our company may have something to offer you.

We are an international educational exchange organisation which organises links between schools all over the world. We currently have three work-experience placements available for students from your college. The work would involve a range of office tasks, including dealing with correspondence, arranging meetings and keeping our database up-to-date. We are particularly interested in offering these placements to students with some knowledge of two or more languages.

The placements would be of great benefit to the students who are given this opportunity. It would provide experience of working in a small and dedicated team, which would give you the chance to develop a wider range of office skills than would normally be the case in larger organisations. Our international network means that you would also gain some contacts all over the world, which might be of particular value to any of you considering a career in some aspect of education.

You will find further information about our organisation and the placements we offer on our website and we look forward to hearing from any of you who think that the work might be right for you — and that you might be the right person for one of these placements.

Best wishes to you all, Paula Fisher

C1 Advanced (CAE) Formal Letter/Email: Example Questions

Cae formal letter & email topic 1.

Volunteers needed

We are looking for volunteers to help out at a famous, international sporting event. We’re looking for friendly, respectful people with good language skills, good team skills and a ‘can-do’ attitude. We need people to welcome delegates, provide customer service and solve problems. If you think you have what it takes, apply now.

Write an application to become a volunteer. Mention:

– your language skills – your personal qualities – examples of times when you have demonstrated team skills – any relevant work experience

Now write your letter . You do not need to include any postal addresses

CAE Formal Letter & Email Topic 2

A colleague of yours, Alice Watson, has applied for a job in the public relations department of a large charity. Poverty Action. You have been asked to write a letter providing a character reference for her. Indicate how long and what capacity you have worked with her, and how her personal characteristics would make her suited for her job. Here is part of the letter you received from Poverty Action:

The job of Public Relations Co-ordinator consists mainly of supervising PR work and entails travelling around the country and working with various people in our large organization. The successful applicant will need good managerial skills and be committed to the philosophy of our charity

Write your letter in reply. You do not need to include postal addresses

CEA Formal Letter & Email Topic 3

On a recent holiday, you lost a valuable item. Fortunately, you have travel insurance to cover the cost of anything lost. 

Write a letter to the manager of your insurance company. In your letter:

–  describe the item you lost – explain how lost it – tell the insurance company what you would like them to do.

Write your email in an appropriate style.

More than Practice Tests

C1 advanced (cae) formal letter/email: tips & strategy.

If you aim to write an official letter, you should:

• avoid everyday  colloquial language  or  slang
• avoid contractions ( I’m, it’s )
• avoid emotional, subjective language  (terrible, rubbish, etc.)
• avoid general words such as  nice, good, get, etc.

C1 Advanced (CAE) Formal Letter/Email: Writing Checklist

After writing your text, you can check it yourself using the writing checklist below.

How to do that? Simply check your text/email by answering the questions one by one:

• Have I covered all the key information required by the task?
• Have I written only information which is relevant to the task?
• Have I developed the basic points in the task with my own ideas?

Communicative Achievement

• Have I achieved the main purpose(s) of the text (for example, explaining, persuading, suggesting, apologising, comparing, etc.)?
• Have I used a suitable mix of fact and opinion?
• Have I used a suitable style and register (formal or informal) for the task?

Organisation

• Have I used paragraphs appropriately to organise my ideas?
• Have I used other organisational features appropriately for the genre of the text (for example, titles, headings, openings, closings, etc.)?
• Is the connection between my ideas clear and easy for the reader to follow? (For example, have I used appropriate linking words, pronouns, etc. to refer to different things within the text?)
• Are the ideas balanced appropriately, with suitable attention and space given to each one?
• Have I used a wide range of vocabulary?
• Have I avoided repeating the same words and phrases?
• Have I used a range of simple and more complex grammatical structures?
• Have I correctly used any common phrases which are relevant to the specific task or topic?
• Is my use of grammar accurate?
• Is my spelling accurate?

C1 Advanced (CAE) Formal Letter/Email: Useful phrases

Useful phrases for a f ormal letter: (use as set phrases in the exam, don´t experiment with new vocabulary or grammar)

Dear Sir or Madam Dear Mr Jenkins

With regards to the letter/email on… With reference to your letter/email… After having received your letter/email… I received your address from … and would like … Thank you very much for your letter/email on… I have been given your contact details by… and I would like to… In reply to your letter/email of…

Reason for writing

I am writing with regard/reference to …  I am writing to express (my concern about/ disappointment with/disapproval of/apologies for) I would like to draw your attention to/point out …

Referring to their letter 

As you stated in your leter, … Regarding… Concerning … With regard to…

Complaining 

I am wiing to compiain about … You said …but in fact what happened …

Introducing points

(I feel) I must also (dis)agree with … I should also like to point out that … Your (article) states that … However,…

Request for action

I would appreciate it/be grateful if you would … I look forward to receiving/seeing … I trust/very much hope you will …

I hope to hear from you soon… If you require any further information, feel free to contact me Should you require anything else, do not hesitate in contacting me Regards Yours faithfully Yours sincerely (signature)

C1 Advanced (CAE) Formal Letter/Email: FAQ

Who is the audience? This will be given in the prompt.

What is the purpose of the writing? You are usually giving information or requesting action. You should be direct and get to the point quickly.

Should I use headings or bullet points? No.

How should it start? “Dear Sir or Madam (if no name is given), I am writing to…” This is the expected opening of a letter. First, you explain why you are writing, in the next paragraph you explain why you think you should get what you want.

How should it finish? You should clearly re-state your recommendation or desired action in your last paragraph. This is usually followed by a “I am looking forward to…” statement and “Yours faithfully/Yours sincerely, x.”

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Would you pass C1 Advanced (CAE)?

Cambridge B2 First (FCE): How to Write an Essay

Essay writing is easier than you think

The very first reaction I usually get when I want to practise essay writing with my students is wild panic. Everybody around me starts rolling on the floor crying and screaming. I try to calm them down, but there is no way of doing it and eventually all of them quit and tell me that they will never be able to pass the FCE exam.

What a typical essay task looks like

In the image above I underlined and circled the most important information for you. When you look at a writing task – and I mean every kind of writing task, not only essays – you should think about two things: what you have to include in your text and who is going to read it.

The second point we need to consider is what we have to write about. In every essay task there are a situation/topic (problems with pollution and damage to the environment), a question for you to answer (Do you think these problems can be solved?) and three topic points (transport, rivers/seas, your own idea).

The 3 main parts of an essay

I think it is not difficult to see that we can turn these three topics into three paragraphs, one for each idea. These three paragraphs are called the body of the essay. However, an essay wouldn’t be an essay without an introduction at the beginning and a conclusion at the end. All together that’s five paragraphs and we could structure it like this:

Introduction

More and more countries and cities struggle with dirty air and water and while it is difficult to find a solution to these issues, I believe that there are ways to improve the situation and to protect the environment.

Firstly, congestion on roads not only in major cities, but also in smaller towns causes a lot of pollution and noise and even though this situation seems to get worse and worse many countries are trying to encourage people to use alternatives like electric cars, which is a good first step to deal with this kind of challenge.

I told you above that the introduction is there to make a good first impression on the reader. The conclusion plays the role of giving a good last impression. You don’t want the examiner to be happy until the end and then read a conclusion that is only average. Make sure that every part is great.

To sum up, our environment needs our help and although the air we breathe as well as waterways in many parts of the world are heavily polluted I strongly believe that we can solve these issues if governments and the people work together.

Plan before you write

How your essay is marked, practice makes perfect, similar posts, cambridge b2 first (fce): how to write an email/letter, cambridge b2 first (fce): the 10 best books to study for the exam, cambridge b2 first (fce): reading & use of english, cambridge b2 first (fce): reading & use of english part 3, cambridge b2 first (fce): speaking, cambridge b2 first (fce): reading & use of english part 6.

Hi there! I have a question about the type of task in the essay. I know we are usually asked to write an opinion essay, but is it possible to get a task where we are asked to write a for and against essay? How can I tell these two tasks apart? Thank you very much for you help! Your blog is really useful. 🙂