essay review about phone

Smartphone Essay

500 words essay on smartphone.

Smartphones have become a very important form of communication these days. It is impossible for a rational person to deny the advantages of smartphones as they are devices suitable for a wide variety of tasks. Let us try to understand smartphones along with their benefits with this smartphone essay.

Smartphone Essay

Understanding the Smartphone

A smartphone is a mobile device that facilitates the combination of cellular and mobile computing functions into one single unit. Moreover, smartphones have stronger hardware capabilities and extensive mobile operating systems in comparison to feature phones.

The strong operating systems of smartphones make possible multimedia functionality, wider software, and the internet including web browsing. They also support core phone functions like text messaging and voice calls.

There are a number of metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) integrated circuit (IC) chips within a smartphone. Moreover, such chips include various sensors whose leveraging is possible by their software.

The marketing of early smartphones was primarily towards the enterprise market. Furthermore, the attempt of the smartphone manufacturers was to bridge the functionality of standalone personal digital assistant (PDA) devices along with support for cellular telephony. However, the early smartphones had problems of slow analogue cellular network, short battery life, and bulky size.

With the passage of time, experts were able to resolve these issues. Furthermore, this became possible with faster digital mobile data networks, miniaturization of MOS transistors down to sub-micron levels, and exponential scaling. Moreover, the development of more mature software platforms led to enhancement in the capability of smartphones.

Benefits of Smartphone

People can make use of smartphones to access the internet and find out information regarding almost anything. Furthermore, due to the portability of a smartphone, people can access the internet from any location, even while travelling.

Smartphones have greatly increased the rate of work. This is possible because smartphones facilitate a highly efficient and quick form of communication from anywhere. For example, a person can participate in an official business meeting, without wasting time, from the comfort of his home via a live video chat application of a smartphone.

Smartphones can also be of tremendous benefit to students in general. Furthermore, students can quickly resolve any issue related to studies by accessing the internet , using a calculator, reading a pdf file, or contacting a teacher. Most noteworthy, all of this is possible due to the smartphone.

People can get in touch with the larger global community by communicating and sharing their views via social media. Furthermore, this provides a suitable platform to express their views, conduct business with online transactions , or find new people or jobs. One can do all that from anywhere, thanks to the smartphone.

These were just a few benefits of smartphones. Overall, the total benefits of a smartphone are just too many to enumerate here. Most importantly, smartphones have made our lives more efficient as well as comfortable.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Conclusion of Smartphone Essay

Smartphones have proven to be a revolution for human society. Furthermore, they have made the whole world united like never before. In spite of its demerits, there is no doubt that the smartphone is a tremendous blessing to mankind and it will continue to play a major role in its development.

FAQs For Smartphone Essay

Question 1: How is a smartphone different from a feature phone?

Answer 1: Smartphones have stronger hardware capabilities and extensive mobile operating systems when compared to feature phones. Furthermore, the smartphone can perform almost all computing functions that a feature phone can’t. The internet and camera capabilities of a feature phone are nowhere near as powerful as that of a smartphone.

Question 2: What is meant by a smartphone?

Answer 2: A smartphone refers to a handheld electronic device that facilitates a connection to a cellular network. Furthermore, smartphones let people access the internet, make phone calls, send text messages, along with a wide variety of functions that one can perform on a pc or a laptop. Overall, it is a fully functioning miniaturized computer.

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Essay on Mobile Phone: 100 Words, 300 Words, 500 Words

Updated on
Feb 21, 2024

Mobile Phones are portable electronic devices used to make calls, browse the internet, click pictures, and do several other tasks. However, the mobile phones discovered in the early 1970s were quite different from the compact and slim devices we use today. Cell phones were invented by John F. Mitchell and Martin Cooper of Motorola in 1973.

As modern humans, we all use mobile phones for our day-to-day functioning. At academic and higher education levels, students are given the task of writing an essay on mobile phones. An essay on mobile phones requires a comprehensive and detailed study of their history, major developments and the purposes it serve. In this article, we have provided essays on mobile phones for class 6,7,8.9, 10, and 12th standard students. Students can refer to these sample essays on mobile phones to write their own. Keep reading to find out essays on mobile phones and some fun facts about the device.

Table of Contents

1 Sample Essay on Mobile Phone (100 Words)
2 Sample Essay on Mobile Phone (300 words)
3 Sample Essay on Mobile Phone (500 words)
4 Essay on Mobile Phone: 5+ Facts About Smartphones

Sample Essay on Mobile Phone (100 Words)

Also Read: The Beginner’s Guide to Writing an Essay

Sample Essay on Mobile Phone (300 words)

Also Read: Essay on Importance of the Internet

Sample Essay on Mobile Phone (500 words)

Essay on mobile phone: 5+ facts about smartphones.

Here we have listed some of the interesting facts about smartphones. These facts can be added to the ‘essay on mobile phones’ to make it more interesting. Below are the 5 interesting facts about smartphones:

The most expensive smartphone in the world is the Falcon Supernova iPhone 6 Pink Diamond. It is worth $48.5 million.
The cheapest mobile phone in the world is the Freedom 251. It just cost INR 251.
Apple is the world’s most popular smartphone
The first phone greeting was “Ahoy-hoy, who’s calling please?”
The first smartphone was invented by IBM. It was released by IBM in 1994. The original screen name of the 1st smartphone was “Simon.”
The first text message in the world was ‘Merry Christmas’

Also Read: Holi Essay: Free Sample Essays 100 To 500 Words In English

A mobile phone system gets its name from diving the service into small cells. Each of these cells has a base station with a useful range in the order of a kilometre/mile.

Mobile phones have become extremely important due to the ease of communication it has brought about. Moreover, it can perform several major tasks easily and effectively. For example, a calculator. Aside from this mobile phones can help a user connect to the internet, and use social media applications, and other applications. Mobile phones can even assist in online payment.

The full form or the meaning of a Moble is Modified, Operation, Byte, Integration, Limited, Energy”. John F. Mitchell and Martin Cooper of Motorola discovered the device in 1973. An essay on mobile phones can include the mobile phone full form.

Mobile phones have become an indispensable part of our lifestyle. There are several advantages and disadvantages of having a smartphone. However, the pros outweigh the cons. A mobile phone essay can be written by including both the advantages and disadvantages. To discover more articles like this one, consult the study abroad expert at Leverage Edu.

Blessy George

Blessy George works as a Content Marketing Associate at Leverage Edu. She has completed her M.A. in Political Science and has experience working as an Intern with CashKaro. She has written extensively on studying abroad, English Test preparation, visas, and online courses. During her free time, she likes to read and write poetry, and songs.

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Are Smartphones Good or Bad? (Essay Guide)

With the rapid advancement in technology, smartphones have become a part of our everyday lives.

We use them to communicate, to work, to stay informed, and even to entertain ourselves.

But are smartphones really good for us, or are they bad? This essay guide will explore the advantages and disadvantages of smartphones, their impact on social interactions, mental health, education, productivity, and privacy.

We will delve into the different ways smartphones can be both good and bad, giving readers the tools to decide how to best use smartphones to their advantage.

Table of Contents

Short Answer

The answer to this question really depends on how smartphones are used.

Smartphones can be both good and bad, depending on the circumstances.

On the one hand, smartphones can offer many convenient features such as allowing people to stay connected with their friends and family, access to the internet, and the ability to perform a variety of tasks, such as online shopping or banking.

On the other hand, smartphones can be a source of distraction and can lead to an unhealthy dependence on technology.

Ultimately, it is important to be aware of the potential risks and benefits of using smartphones and to use them mindfully and responsibly.

Advantages of Smartphones

Smartphones offer a wide range of advantages that have made them an essential tool in our daily lives.

First and foremost, smartphones provide us with access to a wealth of information.

With a few clicks, we can search for information on virtually any topic, quickly and conveniently.

We can also access the internet to read the news, watch videos, and stay up to date with the latest developments in the world.

Smartphones also make it easy to stay connected with friends, family, and loved ones no matter where they are in the world.

This means that people can stay in contact with their loved ones even when they are separated by distance.

We can also use our smartphones to share photos, videos, and other media with our contacts, allowing us to stay updated on each others lives.

Smartphones also provide us with an array of entertainment options.

We can watch movies, listen to music, and play games on our phones.

This means that we can have access to entertainment no matter where we are.

We can also use our phones to access streaming services such as Netflix, Hulu, and Amazon Prime Video, making it easier than ever to watch our favorite movies and shows.

Lastly, smartphones have revolutionized the way we shop.

We can now purchase products and services from the comfort of our own homes, eliminating the need to travel to a store.

We can also compare prices and read reviews to ensure that we are getting the best deal.

Smartphones have also made it easier to keep track of our finances, as we can access our bank accounts and pay bills with just a few taps.

In summary, smartphones offer a range of advantages that make them an essential tool in our daily lives.

They provide us with access to a wealth of information, allow us to stay connected with people from all over the world, and offer us an array of entertainment options.

They also make it easier to shop and manage our finances.

Disadvantages of Smartphones

Smartphones can be a distraction from face-to-face interactions and can lead to further disconnection from those around us.

Smartphones can lead to an over-reliance on technology, reducing our ability to think critically or problem solve independently.

They can also be a source of anxiety, as we are always connected and can easily become overwhelmed by the amount of information and notifications that come our way.

Additionally, smartphones can be an addiction, with people becoming dependent on their devices and losing track of time.

This can lead to a lack of productivity, as well as mental and physical health problems.

Finally, smartphones can be a source of cyberbullying and can be used to spread false information, which can have serious consequences.

The Impact of Smartphones on Social Interactions

Smartphones have had a profound impact on the way we interact with each other.

With the ability to communicate and stay connected with anyone, anytime, anywhere, the concept of socializing has been drastically altered.

People can now stay in touch with friends and family, even when they are miles apart, and can access a wealth of information from around the world.

On the one hand, this has had a positive impact on our social lives.

People can now easily stay connected with their loved ones and have access to a wealth of information that was previously unavailable.

However, there is also a downside to smartphones: they can be a distraction from face-to-face interactions.

People may become so engrossed in their phones that they forget to interact with the people around them.

Furthermore, there is the issue of cyberbullying, which has become increasingly prevalent due to the rise of smartphones.

With the ability to send messages anonymously, people can be cruel and hurtful to others without facing any consequences.

This can lead to psychological distress and can even lead to suicide in extreme cases.

Overall, it is clear that smartphones have both positive and negative effects on social interactions.

While they can provide access to a wealth of information and allow people to stay connected with their loved ones, they can also be a distraction from face-to-face interactions and can lead to cyberbullying.

As such, it is important to be mindful of how we use our smartphones and remember to take time to interact with people around us.

Smartphones and Mental Health

Smartphones have become an integral part of our lives, and with that comes the potential for both positive and negative effects on our mental health.

On the one hand, smartphones provide us with access to a wealth of information and allow us to stay connected with people from all over the world.

This can be beneficial in terms of building relationships, reducing feelings of loneliness, and providing access to mental health resources.

On the other hand, smartphones can also be a distraction from face-to-face interactions, which can lead to feelings of alienation and even depression.

Additionally, spending too much time on smartphones can lead to feelings of anxiety or stress, as well as an increased risk of developing physical health problems.

At the same time, smartphones can also be used to help manage mental health conditions.

For example, there are a number of apps and websites available that can help people manage anxiety, depression, and even PTSD.

Additionally, apps like Calm, Headspace, and Happify can be used to help manage stress and improve overall wellbeing.

Ultimately, smartphones can have both positive and negative effects on mental health.

It is important to be mindful of how much time you are spending on your smartphone and to ensure that you are taking regular breaks from it to engage in other activities.

Additionally, if you need help managing mental health conditions, there are a variety of apps and websites available that can help.

Smartphones and Education

Smartphones are becoming increasingly prevalent in the classroom, and many students are using them to access educational resources.

Smartphones can provide students with a wealth of information and resources, including online textbooks, lecture slides, and educational videos.

Furthermore, they can be used to access online forums and discussion groups, where students can ask questions and get help from other students and experts.

Smartphones also allow students to access information quickly and easily, which can be particularly helpful for those studying for exams.

Additionally, students can use smartphone apps to keep track of their assignments, grades, and other important information.

All of these features make smartphones invaluable tools for students.

Smartphones and Productivity

Smartphones can be powerful tools when it comes to productivity.

They offer a wealth of applications designed to improve productivity, from note-taking apps to task managers.

Smartphones also provide access to the internet, which can be a great resource for research, creative projects, and more.

Additionally, they allow us to stay connected with our colleagues, clients, and peers, making it easier to collaborate and share ideas.

However, smartphones can also be a major distraction.

Notifications, email, and social media can pull our attention away from the task at hand and can be difficult to ignore.

Additionally, some research suggests that the blue light emitted by our devices can disrupt our circadian rhythms and make it difficult to focus on tasks.

Ultimately, smartphones can be a great asset when it comes to productivity.

However, its important to be mindful of how we use our devices and make sure to limit distractions when necessary.

With the right approach and discipline, smartphones can be powerful tools for getting work done.

Smartphones and Privacy

When it comes to smartphones, it is important to consider the implications of privacy.

Smartphones are incredibly powerful tools, and with that comes the potential for misuse.

Smartphones are able to store and access large amounts of personal data, and if that data falls into the wrong hands, it could be used for malicious purposes.

This is why it is essential to ensure that security measures are in place to protect your data.

It is also important to be mindful of the privacy settings on individual apps and websites, as well as the security settings on your phone.

By taking the necessary precautions, you can ensure that your data remains safe while still enjoying the benefits of your smartphone.

Final Thoughts

Ultimately, smartphones are a powerful tool that can be used for good or ill.

They can provide us with access to a wealth of knowledge, keep us connected with people from all over the world, and help to increase our productivity.

However, it is important to be mindful of the potential negative impacts of smartphones, such as their ability to distract us and interfere with our social interactions.

To make the most of the advantages that smartphones offer, it is important to use them responsibly and in moderation.

With a mindful approach to using smartphones, we can make the most of all the benefits that come with them, while mitigating the potential risks.

James Miller

He believes that technology should be fun and easy to use. That’s why he wants to make sure that everyone has access to the information they need to get the most out of their devices.

Have you recently bought a mobile phone? Write a review about the phone explaining why you bought it, how easy it is to use and if you would recommend it to others.

Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this site’s author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Excerpts and links may be used, provided that full and clear credit is given to Writing9 with appropriate and specific direction to the original content.

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To get an excellent score in the IELTS Task 2 writing section, one of the easiest and most effective tips is structuring your writing in the most solid format. A great argument essay structure may be divided to four paragraphs, in which comprises of four sentences (excluding the conclusion paragraph, which comprises of three sentences).

For we to consider an essay structure a great one, it should be looking like this:

Paragraph 1 - Introduction
Sentence 1 - Background statement
Sentence 2 - Detailed background statement
Sentence 3 - Thesis
Sentence 4 - Outline sentence
Paragraph 2 - First supporting paragraph
Sentence 1 - Topic sentence
Sentence 2 - Example
Sentence 3 - Discussion
Sentence 4 - Conclusion
Paragraph 3 - Second supporting paragraph
Paragraph 4 - Conclusion
Sentence 1 - Summary
Sentence 2 - Restatement of thesis
Sentence 3 - Prediction or recommendation

Our recommended essay structure above comprises of fifteen (15) sentences, which will make your essay approximately 250 to 275 words.

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Critical Reviews

How to Write a Smartphone Review

Last Updated: October 22, 2022 Fact Checked

wikiHow is a “wiki,” similar to Wikipedia, which means that many of our articles are co-written by multiple authors. To create this article, 29 people, some anonymous, worked to edit and improve it over time. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 95,709 times. Learn more...

In an age where consumers are increasingly relying on each other for honest and straightforward recommendations of new products, writing or recording a smartphone review is a great way to help potential buyers get a feel for a new phone. Technology blogs and video sharing sites like YouTube are all the rage for smartphone reviews and adding reviews to your blog on a constant basis can create a trusting following of readers who come to rely on your reliable advice. You can write or film your own smartphone review with help from the following tips.

Step 1 Increase your background knowledge of the device you'll be reviewing.

If you don't already own the smartphone in question (for example, if you're reviewing a range of phones for your blog), visit one of the smartphone carrier's retail store and play around with the phone, or ask a friend who owns the device if you can use it for a day. Learn about the phone's features, design, pros, cons, and the price.

Be sure to include any relevant hyperlinks to help customers find the information you're referring to, perhaps even purchase locations.

Step 3 Break down your review into categories.

Talk about what you like about the smartphone you're reviewing, how easy it is to use, what features in particular are of worthy note.

Step 4 Always include the phone's drawbacks along with its better features.

Look at the advertising blurb accompanying the smartphone. Consider whether you think the smartphone in question lives up to the hype or whether there are aspects that you don't agree with. It will be important to compare your experience with the advertised promises.
Even summarizing the review with the best "pro" and the most annoying or disabling "con" can be a good overall summary for readers. For example, "Pros: This smartphone has a battery that outlasts any of its competitors in the same niche. Cons: Its price and the limited color range."

Post your review on a blog, on a review site, or anywhere else relevant and be sure to respond to comments made to you. Sometimes developers will also respond if your review has struck a chord, so it pays to monitor your review actively for a good period of time.

Community Q&A

If you have spotted anything unusual about the smartphone that hasn't necessarily being promoted as a feature, such as an ability to use it somewhere that your previous phones have never worked (for example, if doing field work, etc.), be sure to point this out. Your personal experiences can influence other people who might be in the same situation as you. Thanks Helpful 1 Not Helpful 0
Be cautious about anything that might be a service provider [AT&T, Rogers, Bell etc.] issue. Not everybody uses the same provider, so if you're having reception problems, gather more data before you include it in the review. Thanks Helpful 2 Not Helpful 0
You might like to extend your reviewing skills to apps that are supported by the smartphone in question. In this way, you can build a large repository of useful information related to the topic of smartphones. Thanks Helpful 1 Not Helpful 0

Be objective. If you love Android, don't just simply hate the iPhone. Be objective, and try to explain any issues you find with some clear and concise words. Don't try to mimic a paid publication on the take from a manufacturer like Apple. Thanks Helpful 8 Not Helpful 1
A review is not a rant. If your smartphone turned out to be a complete lemon, contact the retailer and manufacturer before letting loose your frustration online. You may have been unlucky enough to get a faulty phone, or you may not be using it correctly, or the company may find a problem thanks to your complaint and do its best to rectify it with you. Thanks Helpful 5 Not Helpful 3

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Mobile Phone Essay in English for Students

Essay on Mobile Phone for Students

What is an essay? An essay is a write-up from one’s perspective or jotting down one’s thoughts in one place regarding any topic. Writing an essay helps one to develop their writing skills and inculcate creativity in their writing. Likewise, all the parents should teach their kids how to write an essay.

For your convenience, we have provided a sample essay on ‘Mobile Phone’ in the following. Take a glance through the article so that it becomes easy for you to teach how to write an essay effortlessly.

Mobile Phone

In the era of technical advancement, mobile phones play a very significant role. Technology has made our life quite easier. Life without a mobile phone seems to be quite impossible these days. Precisely, we become handicapped without a phone in hand.

Speaking of mobile phones, it is also referred to as ‘cellular phone’ or ‘smartphone’. Martin Cooper of Motorola produced the first handheld mobile phone call on a prototype DynaTAC model on 3 April 1973.

Earlier it was only used for calling. But these days, everything is possible through a mobile phone. From sending a message to video calling, internet browsing, photography to video games, emailing and a lot more services can be availed through this handheld phone.

Advantages of Using Mobile Phones

There are several advantages to using a mobile phone. Here are some provided in the following.

Helps to Communicate:

Life is easier with mobiles. It helps you to communicate with your near and dear ones through calls, video chats, text messages, emails. Apart from that, it helps you to book a cab, show the map direction, order groceries and many more things. The main advantage of having a mobile is it helps to keep you connected with the entire world irrespective of your location.

A Medium of Entertainment:

With the advent of mobile, now you will be able to get entertained wherever you are. Now the world of entertainment is available just a click away, such as you can watch movies, listen to music, or watch your favorite sports or browse on social media networks etc.

Mobile Banking:

Can you imagine doing all of your banking transactions and other relevant work through your cell phone? Yes, now everything is possible with the advancement of technology. Be it making a quick payment or transferring money to your family or checking the transaction history or accessing the bank accounts, everything is possible with just a tap of your button. So, it is quite efficient and saves a lot of your precious time.

Office Work Through Mobile:

These days mobiles are used for different types of official work such as scheduling meetings, giving presentations, sending and receiving important documents, applying for jobs, etc. Mobiles have become an essential device in every working person’s life.

Disadvantages of Using Mobile Phones

Creating distance:

While mobile phones claim to connect people and help to communicate with each other, the irony here is that it is creating more distance between people. Nowadays people are more hooked on their phones. So, they mostly spend their time browsing social media or texting each other rather than meeting and talking face to face.

No Privacy:

These days one of the major concerns is losing one’s privacy through mobile usage. Now anyone could easily access all the important information related to you with just one tap. Not only your information, information about your family, friends, personal life, career, everything is pretty easily accessible.

Waste of a Lot of Time and Money:

Time and money both are precious in everyone’s life. As the utilization of mobile phones is increasing day by day, the waste of time and money is also increasing gradually. People are becoming addicted to their phones, be it surfing the internet or playing games or checking social media. Besides, the smarter a phone becomes, the more money people spend to buy that phone instead of spending the money on something useful.

FAQs on Mobile Phone Essay in English for Students

1. What is essay writing?

An essay is a piece of writing that expresses the author's point of view; yet, the definition is ambiguous, merging with those of a letter, a paper, an article, a pamphlet, and a short fiction. Formal and casual essays have typically been divided into two categories. The formal essay has a serious objective, dignity, logical organization, and length, whereas the informal essay has a personal element, humor, graceful language, rambling structure, unconventionality or freshness of theme," and so on.

Literary critique, political manifestos, academic arguments, observations of daily life, recollections, and reflections of the author are all popular uses for essays. Although almost all modern essays are written in prose, compositions in verse have often been labeled as essays. While an essay is typically defined by its brevity, works such as John Locke's An Essay Concerning Human Understanding and Thomas Malthus's An Essay on the Principle of Population are exceptions. To garner more information, click here.

2. Give a brief overview of mobile phones and their history.

Mobile phones are quite important in this age of technological growth. Our lives have been made much easier by technological advancements. These days, life appears to be impossible without a cell phone. Without a phone in our hands, we become disabled.

When it comes to mobile phones, they're also known as 'cellular phones' or smartphones.' On April 3, 1973, Motorola's Martin Cooper made the first handheld mobile phone call on a prototype DynaTAC device.

It was formerly only used for calling. However, nowadays, everything is possible via a mobile phone. This handheld phone can do anything from sending a message to video calling, internet browsing, photography, video games, and emailing, among other things.

3. What are some advantages of using mobile phones?

Using a mobile phone has several benefits. The following are a few suggestions.

Aids in Communication:

Mobile phones make life easier. It allows you to contact your loved ones via phone conversations, video chats, text messages, and emails. Apart from that, it assists you in booking a cab, displaying map directions, ordering groceries, and a variety of other tasks. The biggest benefit of owning a mobile phone is that it allows you to stay connected to the rest of the world regardless of where you are.

An Entertainment Medium:

With the introduction of mobile phones, you may now be amused wherever you are. The world of entertainment is now just a click away, with options such as watching movies, listening to music, watching your favorite sports or browsing social media networks.

4. State some of the drawbacks of using mobile phones.

Some of the drawbacks of using mobile phones are:

Creating a buffer:

While mobile phones claim to connect people and make it easier for them to interact, the irony is that they create more distance between them. People nowadays are more reliant on their phones. As a result, they choose to spend their time on social media or texting instead of meeting and talking face to face.

There is no privacy:

One of the major issues these days is losing one's privacy due to cell phone usage. With just one swipe, anyone may now readily access all of your vital information. Not only is your information easily accessible, but so is information about your family, friends, personal life, and work.

A waste of time and money:

In everyone's life, time and money are both quite valuable. As the number of people using mobile phones grows, so does the amount of time and money spent on them.

5. How is an essay writing useful to students?

Writing essays help students develop important abilities and functions in their education, making them more useful. One, writing essays allows students to practice and improve abilities that they can apply throughout their academic careers and into their careers. For example, one can improve their reading and writing skills, as well as their capacity to think, organize thoughts, and communicate effectively.

Two, it enables pupils to develop a formal and orderly writing style that reliably conveys information. Three, it aids in the organization of your thoughts on what you are learning, the development of vocabulary, and the development of a distinct writing style. Get free study materials through the Vedantu app and website.

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Sample Essays

Cell Phone Essay

In this cell phone essay you have to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the way in which cell phones and the internet dominate the ways in which people relate to each other socially.

This is the question:

These days, cell (mobile) phones and the internet are very important to the ways in which people relate to one another socially.

Do the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages?

Analysing the Question

This is a type of question that has appeared in the IELTS test a few times:

The impacts of technology on the way we communicate with each other

With IELTS essay questions, you always need to note carefully exactly what you are being asked to write about.

In this case it is about cell / mobile phones and the internet . So you must write about both . Sometimes an essay may just ask you about one or the other.

This is also important in this cell phone essay:

'The way in which people communicate with each other socially'

You are not being asked about work situations but social situations. So you should not talk about how these types of technology have impacted on organisations or workers.

You are also being asked if there are more advantages or disadvantages . So you must clearly state your opinion on this and also write about both in your cell phone essay (as the suggestion is that there are both).

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Write about the following topic:

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own experience or knowledge.

Write at least 250 words.

Cell Phone Essay Model Answer

It is rare these days to find someone who does not communicate and interact with others through a cell phone or the internet as they are widespread throughout society. I believe that the benefits of this development outweigh the drawbacks.

One main negative consequence of this development is that people may have become disconnected in relation to conversing with each other face-to-face. People now tend to use their cell phones or the internet to communicate, but rather than actually speaking, they send a message. Some of the most popular applications are WhatsApp, Facebook Messenger, and Line, all of which encourage messaging. The result of this is that people may lack the benefits of engaging with others in conversation and the closeness this brings.

Despite this, there are several important advantages as well. Firstly, the internet and cell phones mean that people can stay connected however far away they are from each other. For instance, these days, many people live in different countries or go travelling in different countries. Cell phones and the internet mean that parents can easily keep in touch with their children who are on holiday and people who immigrate to live abroad can easily communicate with their loved ones when needed. In addition to this, the internet means that people also interact with strangers and increase their knowledge of other cultures because through such things as Facebook, people connect to all sorts of people around the world, becoming friends and also discussing and exchanging knowledge.

In conclusion, although a disadvantage of the internet and cell phones is the lack of face-to-face conversation, they have improved the way we can stay in contact with loved ones and exchange ideas with new people. Overall then, this is a positive development for society.

(297 Words)

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Essay on Impact Of Mobile Phones On Society

Students are often asked to write an essay on Impact Of Mobile Phones On Society in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Impact Of Mobile Phones On Society

Communication changes.

Mobile phones have changed the way we talk to each other. Before, we had to use landlines or write letters that took days to reach. Now, we can call or send a message to someone far away and they will know it in seconds. This makes keeping in touch with family and friends easier.

Information at Our Fingertips

With mobile phones, we can look up anything we want to know in an instant. They are like small computers that fit in our pockets. This means we can learn new things and find answers quickly, which is very helpful for school work and general knowledge.

Entertainment Everywhere

Phones are not just for calls; they are also for fun. We can play games, watch videos, and listen to music whenever we want. This is great for passing time, but it can also make us spend too much time on our phones instead of playing outside or reading books.

Safety and Help

Mobile phones can help us feel safer. If we are in trouble or get lost, we can call for help. Parents can also check where their children are, which helps them worry less. But, it is important to remember that we should not share our location with strangers.

Changes in Manners

Mobile phones have also changed how we act in public. Sometimes people focus on their phones instead of talking to the people they are with. This can be rude and make others feel unimportant. It’s good to remember to put our phones away during meals and conversations.

250 Words Essay on Impact Of Mobile Phones On Society

Changes in communication.

Mobile phones have changed the way we talk to each other. Before, people would write letters or use landlines to chat. Now, with mobiles, we can send messages, make calls, and even see each other on video anytime and anywhere. This makes staying in touch with friends and family much easier.

Information at Your Fingertips

With mobile phones, we can look up facts, news, and other information quickly. They are like small computers in our pockets. We can learn new things, do schoolwork, and satisfy our curiosity just by tapping on the screen.

Mobile phones are not just for talking; they are also for fun. We can play games, listen to music, and watch videos. This means we can enjoy ourselves while waiting for a bus or during a break at school.

Mobile phones can make us feel safer. If we get lost or need help, we can call our family or the police. Parents also feel better knowing they can reach their children anytime.

Not Always Good

Even though mobile phones have many good points, they can also cause problems. People sometimes pay more attention to their phones than the world around them. This can make them less aware and even cause accidents.

In conclusion, mobile phones have a big effect on our lives. They help us communicate, learn, have fun, and stay safe. But it’s important to use them carefully and not let them distract us too much from real life.

500 Words Essay on Impact Of Mobile Phones On Society

Introduction to mobile phones.

Mobile phones have changed the world. These small devices that we carry in our pockets allow us to talk to anyone, anywhere, at any time. They have become a part of our daily lives. Many people cannot imagine a day without their phone. This essay talks about how mobile phones affect society.

Communication Made Easy

The first big change that mobile phones brought is in the way we talk to each other. Before mobile phones, we had to use landline phones that were stuck in one place. Now, we can call or send a message to our friends and family no matter where we are. This has made staying in touch with loved ones much easier.

Mobile phones give us access to a lot of information. With the internet on our phones, we can look up anything we want to know. This is very helpful for students who can now find facts for their homework easily. It’s also good for anyone who needs to find out something quickly.

Entertainment in Our Hands

Our phones are not just for talking or getting information. They are also for fun. We can play games, listen to music, or watch videos on our phones. This means we can have entertainment with us all the time. This is nice when we are waiting for something or when we want to relax.

Work Goes Mobile

Phones have also changed the way we work. Many jobs now allow people to use their phones to do their work. This means that some people can work from anywhere. They do not have to be in an office. This can make work more flexible, but it can also mean that people are working more since they can always be reached.

Mobile phones can keep us safe. If we are in trouble or get lost, we can call for help. Parents often feel better knowing their children have a phone with them. This way, they can call if there is a problem.

Problems Caused by Mobile Phones

Even though mobile phones have many good points, they can also cause problems. For example, people can spend too much time on their phones and not enough time talking to people face to face. This can hurt relationships. Also, using phones too much can be bad for our health, like causing eye strain or bad posture.

In conclusion, mobile phones have a big impact on society. They make communication, getting information, working, and entertainment easier and better. They can also help keep us safe. But we must be careful not to let our phones take over our lives. We should remember to spend time with people in real life and not just on our phones. It is important to find a good balance.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

If you’re looking for more, here are essays on other interesting topics:

Essay on Dream House
Essay on Impact Of Globalization On Economy
Essay on Impact Of Drugs On Society

Apart from these, you can look at all the essays by clicking here .

Happy studying!

Essay on Mobile Phone

In the digital age, the mobile phone has transitioned from a luxury to a fundamental necessity in people’s lives. It serves not just as a means of communication but as a gateway to the world, encapsulating functionalities that span from basic telephony to advanced computing. This essay delves into the multifaceted nature of mobile phones, examining their evolution, impact, benefits, and challenges, while offering insights for students participating in essay writing competitions.

Mobile Phone

The advent of the mobile phone has revolutionized the way we communicate, work, and entertain ourselves. With its inception in the late 20th century, the mobile phone was a bulky, expensive device limited to making and receiving calls. However, the relentless pace of technological advancement has transformed it into a sleek, versatile tool that fits in the palm of our hands, capable of performing a multitude of tasks beyond mere voice communication.

Evolution of Mobile Phones

The evolution of mobile phones is a testament to human ingenuity and technological progress. From the first generation (1G) that introduced analog voice communication, through the second generation (2G) that brought in digital networks and the concept of SMS, to the third generation (3G) which made internet access on-the-go a reality. The fourth generation (4G) elevated the speed and quality of wireless communications, paving the way for high-definition mobile TV, video conferencing, and advanced gaming. Currently, the fifth generation (5G) promises unprecedented speeds, reduced latency, and the capacity to connect a vast network of devices, heralding a new era of innovation and connectivity.

Impact on Society

The mobile phone’s impact on society is profound and multifaceted. It has democratized access to information, bridging the digital divide by providing internet access to remote areas. Mobile phones have also revolutionized industries, from e-commerce and finance, where mobile banking and payment systems have flourished, to healthcare, where telemedicine and health tracking apps offer new ways to manage health. Furthermore, mobile phones have become pivotal in emergency response and disaster management, facilitating faster coordination and information dissemination during crises.

Communication Revolution : Mobile phones have revolutionized communication, making it easier and more convenient for people to stay in touch with friends, family, and colleagues. They have virtually eliminated geographic barriers to communication.
Accessibility : Mobile phones have increased accessibility to telecommunication services, even in remote and underserved areas, connecting people who previously had limited access to communication networks.
Information Access : Mobile phones provide instant access to vast amounts of information through the internet. This has transformed the way people access news, research, and educational resources.
Economic Impact : Mobile phones have contributed to economic growth by enabling businesses to reach a wider customer base, facilitating mobile banking and financial services, and creating job opportunities in the mobile technology sector.
Social Connectivity : Social media platforms and messaging apps on mobile phones have reshaped social interactions and relationships, allowing people to connect, share, and communicate on a global scale.
Emergency Services : Mobile phones provide a lifeline during emergencies. They allow people to call for help, share location information, and receive emergency alerts and warnings.
Healthcare : Mobile phones have the potential to improve healthcare through telemedicine and health monitoring applications. Patients can consult with healthcare professionals remotely and access health information easily.
Education : Mobile phones have become tools for learning, with educational apps, e-books, and online courses readily available. They are particularly valuable in supporting distance and online education.
Entertainment : Mobile phones offer a wide range of entertainment options, including gaming, streaming video, music, and e-books, providing users with entertainment and relaxation.

Benefits of Mobile Phones

The benefits of mobile phones are manifold. They enhance communication by enabling instant messaging, emails, and video calls, thus keeping people connected across the globe. Mobile phones serve as powerful educational tools, offering access to online courses, e-books, and research platforms. They support navigation through GPS services, provide entertainment through games, music, and videos, and enable users to capture life’s moments through high-quality cameras. Moreover, mobile phones have become indispensable in managing daily tasks through apps for shopping, banking, booking services, and more.

Challenges and Concerns

Despite their numerous benefits, mobile phones also present challenges and concerns. Privacy and security issues arise with the potential for data breaches and unauthorized surveillance. Health concerns, such as the risk of addiction and the impact on mental well-being, particularly among younger users, are increasingly being recognized. Furthermore, the environmental impact of mobile phones, from the extraction of raw materials to electronic waste, poses significant challenges for sustainability.

Responsible Use and Digital Literacy

Addressing the challenges associated with mobile phones requires promoting responsible use and enhancing digital literacy. Users should be educated on privacy settings, secure online practices, and the importance of taking regular breaks from screen time to mitigate health risks. Encouraging the recycling of electronic devices and supporting sustainable production practices are crucial steps towards minimizing the environmental footprint of mobile phones.

In conclusion, the mobile phone is a remarkable technological achievement that has transformed every aspect of human life. Its evolution from a simple communication device to a multifunctional tool reflects the rapid pace of technological innovation. While the benefits of mobile phones are undeniable, it is imperative to address the accompanying challenges through responsible use, digital literacy, and sustainable practices. For students participating in essay writing competitions, understanding the complexities of mobile phones offers a rich topic that touches on technology, society, and the environment, providing ample material for a compelling and insightful essay.

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Home — Essay Samples — Information Science and Technology — Cell Phones — Necessity Of Mobile Phones

Necessity of Mobile Phones

Categories: Cell Phones

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Published: Mar 19, 2024

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83 Cell Phone Essay Topics & Examples

If you’re willing to explore the pros and cons of mobile devices, you need to find a good cell phone topic. Read this list of ideas for argumentative essays, research papers, and speeches prepared by our team.

🏆 Best Cell Phone Topic Ideas & Essay Examples

👍 good cell phone essay topics, ❓ questions about cell phones for research paper.

Economic Analysis of the Cell Phone Oligopoly Generally, the ability of the firm to dominate the market and have probability of control is determined by the economies of scale.
Are Cell Phone Dangerous? Among the first ideas to consider, the one that manifests the use of cell phones as the most logical phenomenon and the key feature of the XXI century is the fact that cellular communications are […]
Analyzing Smart Blackberry Cell Phone The quality of services it renders the users and the advancement of its features will form the feasibility study in the aim of trying to compare it with related computerized mobile devices.
The Cellphone: The History and Technology of the Gadget that Changed the World This paper reviews the book The cellphone: the history and technology of the gadget that changed the world by Guy Klemens.
Technology Impact: 24 Hours Without My Cell Phone I use my laptop extensively as I am a student and do most of my academic work with the help of this tool.
Banning Cell Phone Use in Moving Vehicles Of course, some people will disagree and say.”Use of cell phones while driving is the same as talking to a passenger in a car”.
Should Drivers of Automobiles Be Prohibited From Using Cellular Phones? Although all have the right to utilize the technology to the maximum, the situation or the environment that one is in significantly determines whether he/she has the right to use it. Use of cellular phones […]
Use of Cell Phones in Public Schools and Should Cell Phones Be Allowed in Public Schools The following themes are included: the patterns of cell phone use in public schools; the benefits and drawbacks of using cell phones in class; the Massachusetts cell phone policy; and possible methods to solve the […]
Why Some People Choose Not to Carry Cellphones Thus, most of the times people who do not want to be victims of robbery go about their daily activities without their cellphones in order to limit their vulnerability to robberies.
Cause and Effect of Cell Phone Usage Among High School Students from U.S. and Middle East A stratified random sampling will be used to divide the classes into strata from which a simple random sample of 20 students will then be selected from each class following the respective classes’ register which […]
Effects and Causes of Cell Phone Usage Among Male It will specifically determine the various factors that may cause the use of cell phones among the male students, and how the use can affect the students in the several possible ways ranging from psychological […]
A Literature Review on Night Cell Phone Use in Adolescents In that regard, the problem lies in listing confirmed adverse health outcomes of night cell phone use and linking them to a potentially helpful intervention of cell phone use restrictions.
Importance of Development of the Cellphone In the process of product development, it is highly recommended for MM distribute cell phones among a small group of potential consumers and ask them to provide feedback on it.
Cell Phone Information and Investigation In conclusion, cell phone data can give a lot of information to the investigator about the cell phone owner, who can then simplify the investigation process.
Cell Phone Privacy and the Constitution In this chapter, the authors investigate the concept of privacy and whether government employers’ warrantless searches may be considered reasonable and justified.
Cell Phone Industry: Apple, Samsung, and Huawei Most significantly, the model culture at Huawei reveals the broad global culture practiced in the company internally and across all its various offices and locations. The regulation of the system comes from the people and […]
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Customer Loyalty in Prepaid Cell Phone Industry The main business focus should be on customer retention and continuous buying by customers, hence in the end organizations will ensure customer satisfaction.
Prepaid Cell Phone: Design and Development for AT&T As per field experts, a product is an item that can be put up for sale in the market for grabbing the attention, achievement, utilization, or consumption and would be capable of meeting the needs […]
The Prepaid Cell Phone Industry The propensity of usage in the US industry is relatively high and the related industries that are associated with the mobile market are also attaining benefits from the rise of the prepaid cell phone industry.
Cell Phone Trends in China, Japan, the US In the research for the demographical differences for the substantial usage of technology in China, Japan, and the United States, it will be necessary to ask the question: “what are the driving forces that entice […]
Trends in Cell Phone Market: Data Collection In the constitution, the act of law provides the right of privacy, which may be used to bar data collectors from data access.
Cell Phone Use and Driving: Mian vs. City of Ottawa However, the judge considers the disclosure of the disciplinary records to be irrelevant to the case. However, the Crown specifically stated that the disclosure of these records is not relevant to the case without O’Connor’s […]
Cell Phone Use While Driving: Policy Analysis Therefore, in a public policy debate, proponents of regulation would argue that per capita healthcare savings and resulting QALY measures are significant enough to justify a ban on the use of private cellphones in driving […]
The Supreme Court Saves Cell Phone Privacy From the article, it is clear that the government advanced an argument that police officers need to be given the power to search cellphones because of the long-established exception to the Fourth Amendment, which makes […]
Digital Cell Phone Inc.’s Regression Analysis By taking a look at the trend in sales of the past 36 months I was able to apply the least square regression method and come up with the following equation which would allow me […]
Cell Phone Radiofrequency Signal’s Health Effects Therefore, the authors of the study come to the conclusion that there is no connection between the risk of the development of tumors and the exploitation of cell phones.
Cell Phone Use in Driving and Recommended Policies Auditory, when on phone, drivers shift their focus to the sound of the phone instead of listening to the adjoining atmosphere on the road.
Technologies: Amateur Film vs. Cell Phone Photography An analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the two forms of photography concludes the paper. Cellphone and film cameras have apertures that regulate the quantity of light passing to the sensor and film, respectively.
Technology Issues: Cell Phone Effects My claim is that cell phones have no impact on people’s health because it is supported by a number of researches, in particular on the psychological influence of cell phones on pregnant women and the […]
Cell Phone as an Indispensable Companion It has brought a variety of innovative things for the user and to a substantial extent affected the way people relate in the globe.
Innovations in the Cell Phone Industry and Sustainability The cell phone industry makes products that are friendly to the environment and develops mobile applications that can help in enhancing environmental sustainability.
Chinese-American Cell Phone Price Negotiations Some of the benefits of having a third party intervention are to create an enhancing environment and a platform of communication between the two parties.
Cell Phone Usage at Al Ittihad Model School Among Male Students After the finalization of data entry from the selected samples, the next step will be analysis of the data using descriptive statistics to determine the accuracy of the research objectives and hypotheses.
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“The Cellphone: The History and Technology of the Gadget That Changed the World” by Guy Klemens In order to bring the reader into the same level of understanding, the author has tackled the introductory topics on the bandwidth and radio systems and how the latter two concepts influenced the development of […]
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Is Using Cell Phone Dangerous? Research has further shown that “the side of the brain that is exposed to the ionizing radiations from the cell phone metabolizes more glucose than other parts that are not exposed to it”.
A Theoretical Analysis of the Act of Cell Phone Texting While Driving The past decade has seen the cell phone become the most common communication gadget in the world, and the US has one of the highest rates of cell phone use.
Drivers of Automobiles Should Be Prohibited From Using Cellular Phones While Driving When a driver is utilizing a hand-held or hands-free cellular phone at the same time as driving, she or he should dedicate part of their concentration to operating the handset and sustaining the phone discussion […]
Should People Be Banned From Using Cell Phones When Driving? Why or Why Not? Many people have blamed the cell phones to the current high increases in the number of road accidents witnessed worldwide, while others argue that the use of mobile phones while driving is not wholly to […]
The Dangers of Using Cell Phone While Driving The authors further note the subsequent increase in the count of persons conversing on cell phones while driving unaware of the risks they pose to themselves and their passengers.
An Analysis of the Use of Cell Phones While Driving The first theory is the theory of mass society, and the second theory is the theory of the culture industry. The theory of mass society states that, popular culture is an intrinsic expression of the […]
The Use of the Cell Phone While Driving Indeed, many of the culprits of this dangerous practice are teens and the youth, ordinarily the most ardent expressers of popular culture in a society.
On Becoming a Cell Phone Junkie Although I must admit that cell phones have earned their merits as essential tools of existence in the new millennium, I do not subscribe to the idea that my life should depend on it.
How to Control Mobile Phone Addiction?
Why Is Cell Phone Radiation Harmful?
Should Cell Phone Usage Improve Our Social?
Why Has the Cell Phone Become a Staple in Modern World?
How Do Cell and Cell Phone Impact Modern Education?
Should Cell Phone Use Be Allowed While Driving?
Are Cell Phone Laws in the U.S. Effective in Reducing Fatal Crashes Involving Young Drivers?
Why Is Cell Phone Ban a Bad Idea?
Should You Worry About Cell Phone, Cellular Antenna, and WI-Fi Device Radiation?
How Did Cell Phones Have to Impact the World?
Does Cell Phone Make People’s Lives Bring Lots of Harmful?
How Has Cell Phone Use Become a Subculture?
Are Handheld Cell Phone and Texting Bans Effective in Reducing Fatalities?
How Might Cell Phone Money Change the Financial System?
Are Modern People Computer and Cell Phone Addicted?
Can Cell Phone Cause Brain Tumors?
Should Cell Phones Be Allowed to Use in Classroom?
What Does Cause Cell Phone Radiation and How Does It Affect Your Body?
When Will Society Hang Up on Cell Phone Rudeness?
Why Banning the Use of Cell Phones Should Be Mandatory Nationwide?
Is It Possible to Have a Negative Impact of Mobile Phone Use on the Average per Capita Share in the Short Term?
How Does 4G/3G/2G Switching Work?
What Is the Relationship Between the Mobile Phone Usage Pattern and Financial Decision?
How to Measure Mobile Phone Radiation in Poultry?
What Are the Mobile Phone-Based Applications Useful for Agricultural Research?
Are There Any Adverse Effects of Radiation From the Mobile Phone Towers?
How Are Students Using Mobile Phones for Learning?
Are We Becoming a Mobile/Smartphone Driven Nation?
Can Mobile Phones Transmit Diseases?
What Are Some of the Problems Caused by Mobile Phones?
Chicago (A-D)
Chicago (N-B)

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Moto G 5G (2024) review: The best phone under $200

There's value to be found if you're willing to compromise.

Moto G 5G 2024 review full view of phone front

Tom's Guide Verdict

It's hard to find a phone as inexpensive as the $199 Moto G 5G (2024). And while you'll need to excuse some performance hiccups and a dull screen, you'll appreciate the phone's long-lasting battery and stylish-for-its-price design.

Long-lasting battery

Super-low price

Vegan leather materials

Only one guaranteed software update

Underwhelming performance

Why you can trust Tom's Guide Our writers and editors spend hours analyzing and reviewing products, services, and apps to help find what's best for you. Find out more about how we test, analyze, and rate.

Performance
Battery life

The Moto G 5G (2024) may have the most puzzling name of any phone I've ever reviewed. Of all the distinguishing features to call out with your phone's moniker, why focus on 5G connectivity — something nearly every phone offers nowadays? It's like saying "our phones can send and receive phone calls."

It's an even more puzzling name given that there's plenty of other highlights to the Moto G 5G, starting with its dirt-cheap price. The Moto G 5G can be yours for less than $200, and while that price necessitates some corner-cutting, you also get a big display, a surprisingly stylish design and very impressive battery life.

Do those considerable strengths make the Moto G 5G (2024) a sleeper hit when it comes to delivering a lot value for a comparatively little amount of money? Or are the compromises made to keep costs down too substantial to overlook? That's what this Moto G 5G (2024) review aims to find out.

Moto G 5G (2024) review: Specifications

Moto g 5g (2024) review: price and availability.

The Moto G 5G is available for $199, and you can currently pick up the phone at T-Mobile and Metro by T-Mobile. Other carriers — including AT&T, Verizon , Cricket, Visible, Google Fi, Xfinity Mobile, Consumer Cellular and more — will add the Moto G 5G later on. If you prefer to pick up the phone unlocked, Amazon and Best Buy will start offering it on May 2.

As far as smartphone pricing goes, $199 is very cheap. The OnePlus Nord N30 — our top pick as the best cheap phone under $300 — costs $100 more than the Moto G 5G. The Galaxy A15, Samsung's budget phone, costs $199 as well.

Moto G 5G (2024): free w/trade-in @ T-Mobile Why spend a fortune when you just need a phone for the basic stuff? The Moto G 5G (2024) does have one of the lowest prices on a new Android phone, but it doesn't necessarily mean it's filled with compromises. It actually has a long battery life.

Moto G 5G (2024) review: Design

Cheap phones usually mean cheap designs, but the Moto G 5G (2024) bucks that trend. While no one will confuse Motorola's phone with the latest iPhone, you also aren't getting a hastily assembled phone housed in the flimsiest plastic that will fall apart the minute a stiff breeze hits it.

Instead, the Moto G 5G features a vegan leather back that makes the phone easier to grip; it also doesn't pick up finger prints and smudges the way a cheap plastic back might. Even the rear camera array blends subtly into the back of the phone instead of jutting out.

Motorola says the Moto G 5G can withstand spills and splashes, but don't expect the phone to survive a dunk in water. You will find a headphone jack on the bottom of the device, as a throwback to a time when all phones offered that feature.

The power button on the right side of the phone doubles as the fingerprint sensor for unlocking the Moto G 5G. In my testing, I found it fairly responsive, and I actually prefer this approach to under-display sensors which can be more temperamental in my experience.

There's just one color for the Moto G 5G (2024), which Motorola calls Sage Green. It looks more gray to my eye, but whatever you call it, the drab color certainly won't turn heads.

Moto G 5G (2024) review: Display

Moto G 5G 2024 review holdovers streaming on display

Motorola doesn't skimp on screen size with the Moto G 5G (2024) opting for a 6.6-inch panel. It's not quite an edge-to-edge display — there's an especially prominent bezel at the bottom of the phone. But you still have more than enough space for playing games and watching videos.

Even better, Motorola recognizes that fast-refreshing displays belong on mobile devices, whether they're pricey or not. The Moto G 5G can adjust between 60Hz and 120Hz for times when you'll benefit from smoother scrolling and more immersive graphics.

Budget phones have to scale back somewhere, though, and for the Moto G 5G that means using an LCD panel instead of an OLED. Blacker colors won't be as rich on the Moto G 5G's panel, as I learned when streaming The Holdovers on the phone, as the scene shifted to night.

Our display testing results back up the relative lack of colors on the Moto G 5G's screen, which recreated 108.5% of the sRGB color spectrum and 76.8% of the more demanding DCI-P3 spectrum. The OnePlus Nord N30, another LCD-equipped phone, turned in percentages of 152.7% and 108.2% on the same respective spectrums. The Nord's colors were more accurate, too, with a better Delta-E score. (The closer to zero, the more accurate the colors.)

I don't want to give the impression that watching videos on the Moto G 5G is unbearable. The display managed to recreate the worn '70s film-stock look used in The Holdovers, and The Fall Guy trailer streamed on YouTube was plenty colorful. Also, Dolby Atmos support on the Moto G 5G means you'll hear everything loud and clear. But the Moto G 5G's budget origins really come across here.

Moto G 5G 2024 review fall guy streaming on youtube

This is also a fairly dim display, with the Moto G 5G recording a reading of 531 nits in SDR. The Pixel 7a , an admittedly more expensive phone, measured 927 nits in similar conditions. You can see the Moto G 5G screen in direct sunlight, but you'll need to push that display brightness slider upward.

Moto G 5G (2024) review: Cameras

The Moto G 5G's camera setup is about as basic as it comes — a 50MP main camera is joined by a 2MP macro lens. An ultrawide camera, included on many cheap phones, is missing in action here. Up front, an 8MP shooter is there for your selfie needs.

I'm less concerned with camera specs on a budget phone and more interested in seeing what kind of images those cameras produce. For reference I took some pictures with the Moto G 5G to compare to similar shots from the Google Pixel 7a, which is currently the best camera phone for less than $500. I wouldn't have expected a sub-$200 phone to challenge the Pixel 7a, but it is a good yardstick to see what kind of photos you can expect from the cheaper phone.

The Moto G 5G starts off well at this fruit stand. Yes, the Pixel 7a does a better job highlighting details like the stripes on those watermelons, while the textures of cantaloupe rind are also far more visible. Finer details get washed in the Motorola picture, but at least the colors are all there in a pretty bright, vibrant shot.

Likewise, there's nothing really separating the different photos of San Francisco's top eatery. You could argue that the clouds don't appear as flat in the Pixel 7a shot, and the sign stands out a little bit more against the gray sky. But you really have to drill down to find ways that the Pixel 7a shot is better than what the Moto G produces here. Motorola more than holds its own.

The Cupid's Span sculpture offers one other photo where the Moto G 5G keeps pace with the Pixel 7a. Because Google's phone tends to emphasize darker colors, its photo took on a more blue cast on the rainy day I went out and shot photos.

Motorola's phone goes brighter — some might argue too bright, given that the lawn in front of the sculpture is dangerously close to being over-saturated. But I like the patches of blue in the sky that the Moto G teased out, and the red of the arrow and yellow of the bow are a bit more true-to-life.

So far, our only really complaint with the Moto G's cameras has centered around their tendency not to call out smaller details. That's on full effect here outside the Oracle Park left field gate, and it proves to be a fatal flaw for Motorola's phone.

You can't easily make out the lettering at the top of the gate the way that it's crisply detailed by the Pixel 7a. The brickwork looks too glossy in the Motorola photo as well.

I have mixed feelings about this portrait shot of my daughter by the Moto G 5G. On the one hand, there's not much of a background blur, and the phone seemed to have a hard time separating my daughter from the background, particularly around her hair. But her skin tone is much better in the Motorola shot, as the Pixel 7a has left her looking unhealthily pale. Her reddish hair and freckles also come through more clearly in the Moto G 5G shot.

For low-light and night photos, the Moto G is overmatched. A close-up of a skeleton holding party balloons in my basement looks like a dark, murky mess. You can't even make out the Hawaiian shirt I hung in the frame to see how the Moto G 5G handles colors in the dark. (My answer: Not very well.) Everything's clear and visible in the Pixel 7a shot, with the skeleton's head perfectly illuminated.

Moto G 5G 2024 macro camera sample featuring a close-up of an impatiens

As noted, the Moto G 5G replaces the usual ultrawide lens found on most camera phones with a dedicated macros lens. If the results look like this close-up of the impatiens growing in my backyard, I suppose that's a fair trade-off, as the Moto G produced a clean, focused shot that captures plenty of detail on the flower. Unless you find yourself routinely jumping into macro mode, though, I don't feel like this lens is going to sway you one way or the other about the Moto G 5G (2024).

Finally, the 8MP front camera on the Moto G 5G does a credible job with this selfie, giving me a warm skin tone even if it does get a little over-aggressive with smoothing out the texture of my face. The Pixel 7a once again skews a little bit more toward the pale side of things (though not as severely as it did in portrait mode).

All told, I wouldn't rank the Moto G 5G among the best camera phones out there, but it performs well for a handheld at this price. The photos it produces have enough quality to where you wouldn't mind posting them on a site like Instagram even if you're not necessarily going to want to frame the results.

Moto G 5G (2024) review: Performance

You don't buy a budget phone expecting blazing performance, and in that sense, the Moto G 5G doesn't disappoint. The phone features a Snapdragon 4 Gen 1 system-on-chip — an older chipset which provides the titular 5G connectivity but not the kind of pep you get from Qualcomm's more advance silicon.

On Geekbench 6, the Moto G (2024) posted single- and multicore scores of 841 and 1,791, respectively. Both results trailed the OnePlus Nord N30, which runs on a Snapdragon 695. The Pixel 7a far outpaced both phones with respective scores of 1,401 and 3,368, and its Tensor G2 chipset is not exactly known as a speed demon.

Results of graphics tests were also not terribly encouraging. On 3DMark's Wild Life Unlimited, the Moto G 5G hit 6.2 frames per second, which was in the same ballpark as the OnePlus Nord N30's 7.3 fps result. To put that result in context, though, note that the midrange Pixel 7a hit 41.1 fps on the same test.

I was able to play PUBG Mobile on the Moto G 5G, though with a few more hiccups than I'm used to. The phone can handle most apps the average user will throw at it. But graphically intense games are going to test this device.

You get 128GB of storage with the Moto G 5G, which is good to see in a world where some low-cost phones still pretend that 64GB is an adequate amount of storage. There's a microSD slot on Motorola's phone, so you can add up to 1TB of capacity if you need to.

Moto G 5G (2024) review: Battery life and charging

The Moto G series typically packs in big batteries that last a long time on a charge, and I'm happy to discover that the Moto G 5G (2024) doesn't stray from that script. With the help of a 5,000 mAh battery, the Moto G 5G lasted an average of 14 hours and 36 minutes on our battery test, in which phones are left to surf the web continuously until they run out of power.

An average smartphone lasts around 10 hours on our test, so the Moto G 5G's time is very impressive. It's the least expensive phone to land a spot on our best phone battery life list.

We recorded that 14.5-hour time with the Moto G 5G's display set to an automatic refresh rate, which can ramp things up to 120Hz when there's a lot of on-screen activity. Locking the refresh rate at 120Hz dropped the Moto G 5G's battery test time to 12 hours and 23 minutes, so our advice is to stick with that auto setting if you want better battery life from this phone.

You can expect 18W wired charging from the Moto G 5G (2024). (Forget about wireless charging on a phone this cheap.) Our review unit came with a charging cable but no charger — Motorola says that some carriers will include a 10W charger with the phone. Regardless, when we charged our drained Moto G 5G, the phone got back to a 38% charge — a so-so result.

Moto G 5G (2024) review: Software

I have no complaints with Motorola's My UX interface, which runs on top of Android 14. It offers plenty of ways to customize the look of the Moto G 5G, and I appreciate the helpful gestures that let you do things like turn on the phone's flashlight, take a screenshot or launch the camera app.

I'm a bit more miffed by all the bloatware that comes pre-installed on the Moto G 5G. Besides a folder of Motorola apps, my review unit also came with assorted T-Mobile apps, along with preinstalled versions of Booking.com, Amazon Shopping, LinkedIn, Temu, Yelp and a couple of games. It's a lot to sort through.

Even more regrettable is Motorola's update policy for its budget phones. You can expect a single Android update for the Moto G 5G (2024), meaning that once Android 15 shows up on your phone, that's it. You will get three years of security support from Motorola. While Motorola is hardly the only phone maker to limit the support given to lower-cost Android phones, it's still something to keep in mind when weighing a purchase.

Moto G 5G (2024) review: Verdict

When evaluating the Moto G 5G (2024), you can take one of two tacks — you can focus on what this budget phone can't do or you can appreciate what it manages to offer while keeping its starting price at $200. I lean toward the latter.

No, the phone has some performance hiccups and it's not going to wow anyone with the photos it produces. I also wish the screen were a bit brighter. But for someone with a limited budget, the Moto G 5G does exactly the things you need it to, while also surprising with its long battery life and pleasing design.

The only real note of caution I would have is about the limited update policy, which may prevent you from holding on to the Moto G 5G for more than a couple years. But other than that, the phone delivers good value for its price, which will satisfy budget-minded shoppers.

Philip Michaels is a Managing Editor at Tom's Guide. He's been covering personal technology since 1999 and was in the building when Steve Jobs showed off the iPhone for the first time. He's been evaluating smartphones since that first iPhone debuted in 2007, and he's been following phone carriers and smartphone plans since 2015. He has strong opinions about Apple, the Oakland Athletics, old movies and proper butchery techniques. Follow him at @PhilipMichaels.

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Android Police

Nothing phone 2a in blue is real, but you can’t buy it.

The limited-edition variant is only going on sale in India

Nothing Phone 2a is now available in blue - a variant specially designed for India.
The blue shade will be available in limited quantities.
Nothing is unlikely to launch the Phone 2a in blue in Europe.

Since Nothing's first product debut in July 2021, it has stuck to launching devices in black and white shades. The two colors align with the company's design philosophy and help the Glyph lights on its phones to stand out. Recently, Nothing launched the mid-range Nothing Phone 2a, sporting modest internals and a price tag to match. Like its previous offerings, the phone launched in black and white colors. Now, the company is launching the Phone 2a in a new shade, though you likely won't be able to get your hands on it.

Nothing Phone 2a review: Nothing you're missing out on

If you live in India, you can buy the Nothing Phone 2a in blue. The company made the surprise announcement in a post on X, revealing that the new color has been "designed for India." It will go on sale in the country starting May 2 on Flipkart in 8GB and 12GB RAM variants with 128GB or 256GB storage.

Since this is a limited-edition variant of the Phone 2a, it will be available in limited quantities. And once stocks run out, Nothing is unlikely to replenish the phone's availability. If you like the Nothing Phone 2a in blue, you can take advantage of the launch-day offers to save some money. Since this is a dark hue of blue, it will also go well with the Phone 2a's glyph lights.

Apart from the Nothing Phone 2a, the recently launched Ear (a) is the only other product from the company to come in a color other than black or white. The budget earphones are available in a bumblebee-like yellow shade.

No blue Phone 2a for European customers

Barring the new blue hue, there's no difference between the blue and black or white colors of the Nothing Phone 2a. It's the same phone, sporting a slick design, a 6.7-inch 120Hz FHD+ OLED panel, a MediaTek Dimensity 7200 Pro SoC, and a 5,000mAh cell with 45W fast charging. The sub-par cameras are also intact. To Nothing's credit, though, it has rolled out multiple updates since the Phone 2a's launch in March to improve its imaging performance.

Given that the Phone 2a is also available in Europe, it's surprising that the company will not bring the phone's new color variant to the latter market. Worry not, though, as there are plenty of other fantastic budget Android phones that you can check out. They are available in more than just black and white colors, letting you have your pick.

The 7 Best Cell Phone Signal Boosters to Ensure a Strong Connection

These devices piggyback off of the signal coming from cell towers and amplify it, eliminating pesky dead zones on the road or at home.

surecall flare 3 cell phone signal booster

Gear-obsessed editors choose every product we review. We may earn commission if you buy from a link. Why Trust Us?

The good news is you can proactively fight dropped calls and no connection with a quality cell phone signal booster. These gadgets improve signal strength when the connection is weak or unreliable and are particularly helpful in buildings with thick walls or locations where service is compromised by distance from cell towers, like if you’re driving through mountainous terrain or rural landscapes.

Read on as we break down what to consider before investing in one of these handy devices, followed by our recommendations for the best cell phone signal boosters.

Looking for more cell phone reviews? Read our evaluations of the best phones for seniors and best cheap phones , as well as a comparison of the iPhone 15 Pro Max and Galaxy S24 Ultra .

The Best Cell Phone Signal Boosters

Best Overall: SureCall Flare 3.0
Best Budget: HiBoost for Home
Best for the Backcountry: weBoost Drive Reach Overland
Best for Vehicles: weBoost Drive Sleek
Best Single-Room: weBoost Home Studio

What to Consider

Signal amplification.

Cell phone signal strength is measured in decibels (dB), a more accurate way to gauge versus the number of bars on your display. Generally speaking, that ranges from -50 dB to -120 dB. Values of -50 to -70 dB (or anything closer to zero) indicate a strong signal; anything from -85 on to -120 dB is considered a weak signal. Essentially, the goal is to get as close to zero dB as possible.

Manufacturers of cell phone signal boosters use gain value to represent the strength of the signal and how much an antenna can amplify it. So, a unit with a higher gain value improves coverage to give you a stronger signal than one with a lower gain value. Most units can gain between 50 dB to 72 dB—so if you need maximum boost, stick to 72-dB models. Also, note that most wireless providers require device registration and consent before use based on Federal Communication Commission protocol .

Use and Coverage Area

Make sure to choose a booster with the appropriate coverage range to meet your needs. Find the best model by asking how you’ll use it: Is it for inside your home? Is it for a single room or your entire house? Do you want to travel with your cell signal booster? In your home, consider how many square feet of coverage you need and choose a stationary unit accordingly.

If you plan on taking the device in your vehicle, on a camping trip, or while you’re traveling in a rural environment, consider investing in a compact, lightweight model to take on the go. The best way to judge coverage on portable devices where square feet isn’t relevant, look for a model with a high gain value.

The majority of cell phone signal boosters work with multiple devices simultaneously, whether you’re at home or in a vehicle.

Type of Antenna

Cell phone signal boosters are either omnidirectional or directional. The best type of antenna for you depends on your location, cell phone provider, and other factors, which we cover below.

Omnidirectional

As you can probably guess, an omnidirectional antenna has a 360-degree radius to pick up several signals over a broad area. That makes it better for urban areas, particularly to boost 4G and 5G signals when the main coverage issue is structural interference, and in situations where you’d want to amplifying signals from multiple carriers. Boosters designed for vehicle installation are typical omnidirectional.

Directional

A directional antenna has a narrower radius of roughly 45 to 90 degrees, better for picking up a single signal from farther away, and for households that have one provider. Directional antennas amplify a signal for one network can go up to 100 dB—ideal for folks who live in rural areas that need a big boost.

Carrier Compatibility

Most cell phone signal boosters are universally compatible with all the major providers: AT&T, Verizon, T-Mobile, and U.S. Cellular. That said, if everyone in your home or office shares the same service provider, it’s best to stick with a signal booster from that carrier versus opting for one with universal compatibility.

Cost (and quality) will depend on the use case, required strength, and desired coverage area. Pick the appropriate size signal booster to make sure you’re not overspending (or underspending). Boosters with a larger max gain and larger coverage area are more expensive. For example, a cell phone signal booster made for a very large home (up to 7,500 square feet) can cost up to $1,000, whereas boosters made for smaller homes (up to 3,500 square feet) can go for $300 or less.

How We Selected

In seeking out the best cell phone signal boosters, we extensively researched consumer reviews, consumer technology websites, and experts online. Tapping into our decades of experience using and reviewing cell phone gadgets and gear, we extensively researched cell signal booster brands across the market and narrowed down our selections by category, considering customer insight and feedback, price point, product descriptions, and overall user satisfaction. Our final list represents the best cell phone signal boosters in each category, including best overall and best value.

SureCall Flare 3.0 Cell Phone Signal Booster

The SureCall Flare 3.0 is the best overall model for small- to medium-size homes and offices, improving weak cell signals across two to four rooms and delivering roughly 3,500 square feet of coverage.

What impresses us most about this model is that it offers both types of antennas—directional outdoor and omnidirectional indoor—something that much of the competition lacks. That means you get better overall signal amplification and quality of service, faster speeds, and improved data capacity. Plus, it’s more affordable than competitors in its class that have less dB gain and works with most major carriers, including Verizon, AT&T, Sprint, and T-Mobile networks.

It’s also easier to set up than most. You mount the directional antenna outside—either on the roof, the side of your house, or a pole using the included metal clip—point it toward your carrier’s nearest tower, and run the connected co-ax cable inside. The indoor device has an integrated omnidirectional antenna—which generally have spottier reception than any directional antenna provides—but the tradeoff with this unit is that you can place it anywhere without being tethered to a cable.

HiBoost For Home Cell Phone Signal Booster

This affordable but mighty booster punches above its weight class for its sub-$300 price. The HiBoost for Home boasts 62 dB gain and coverage up to 2,000 square feet. A bright LCD screen makes it easy to monitor cell connection strength.

For average home sizes or small office spaces, the HiBoost for Home is a reasonable and budget-friendly option. It also comes with a money-back guarantee and a three-year warranty, so you don’t have to worry about regretting your purchase either.

weBoost Drive Reach Overland Cell Signal Booster

Off-grid with no service? No problem. Built for exploring by car or offroad vehicle, the Drive Reach is a rugged, durable, and reliable signal booster for outdoor enthusiasts who want access to cell coverage in remote areas. It comes with a versatile mounting bracket that attaches to the roof rack of your car, truck, or offroad vehicle.

An adjustable outside antenna can easily fold down if your garage has a low ceiling, plus an all-weather omnidirectional antenna provides maximum connectivity, even when you’re off the beaten path.

weBoost Drive Sleek Car Cell Phone Signal Booster

Driving with spotty service can really damper your day. For folks who are constantly on the go—from family road trips to long-distance trucking to rural work commutes—the Drive Sleek signal booster makes the perfect car companion.

At under $200, this cell signal booster is a cost-effective option if you need access to phone reception wherever you drive. You can install it in 30 minutes or less, and the durable, magnetic external antenna stays put in place even in inclement weather and wind. For long-haul truckers, weBoost also makes an OTR truck-compatible version of the cell signal booster, the Drive Sleek OTR .

weBoost Home Studio Cell Phone Signal Booster

Cellular dead zones in certain parts of your home? Target problem areas with the weBoost Home Studio, a compact cell signal booster for coverage indoors around your home and office. Similar in performance range to the HiBoost for Home but slightly more compact and trim, it’s best for single rooms or home areas up to 1,500 square feet.

Due to its small, lightweight design, this booster is guaranteed to go unnoticed in your home after setup—other than its seamless ability to boost your cell connection.

weBoost Home Complete Multi-Carrier Cell Phone Signal Booster

If you’re looking to maximize cellular coverage throughout your entire home, the Home Complete is the ideal solution. This powerful cell signal booster is one of the strongest you’ll find with coverage of 7,500 square feet, featuring both directional and omnidirectional antennas

While pricey, this cell phone signal booster offers quick and efficient setup, reliability, and unmatched strength. For slightly smaller homes (5,000 square feet) or coverage for two to three rooms, you can also opt for the more affordable weBoost Home MultiRoom ($570).

Winegard RangePro Cell Signal Booster

The Winegard RangePro is built for the RV life. It comes equipped with a flexible and durable external antenna that mounts directly to a side ladder or the RV roof. Its trim and simple design is so seamless that it goes unnoticed, unlike many other bulky signal boosters that hog space and jut out from the roof of an RV.

Don’t let the simple setup fool you, though. This booster also has a serious hold and is built to stay attached and secure even on bumpy, uneven terrain, like gravel roads into public parks and campgrounds, plus backroads.

Erica Zazo (she/they) is a Chicago-based freelance writer covering outdoor news, gear, and guides for Backpacker Magazine , Outside, and more. She’s a big fan of urban nature, exploring lesser-known trails and towns, and the Midwest. Follow her adventures on Instagram: @onecurioustrvlr .

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Guest Essay

The Supreme Court Has Already Botched the Trump Immunity Case

A photo illustration of the front of the U.S. Supreme Court building, but the columns in front are rearranged as an optical illusion, where the tops and bottoms of the columns fade into nothingness before reaching the other side.

By Melissa Murray and Andrew Weissmann

Ms. Murray and Mr. Weissmann are co-authors of “The Trump Indictments: The Historic Charging Documents With Commentary.”

The Supreme Court’s decision to hear oral arguments in Donald Trump’s immunity-appeal case on Thursday may appear to advance the rule of law. After all, few, if anyone, think that a majority of the court will conclude that a former president is completely immune from federal criminal liability.

But the court’s decision to review the immunity case actually undermines core democratic values.

The Supreme Court often has an institutional interest in cases of presidential power. But the court’s insistence on putting its own stamp on this case — despite the widespread assumption that it will not change the application of immunity to this case and the sluggish pace chosen to hear it — means that it will have needlessly delayed legal accountability for no justifiable reason. Even if the Supreme Court eventually does affirm that no person, not even a president, is above the law and immune from criminal liability, its actions will not amount to a victory for the rule of law and may be corrosive to the democratic values for which the United States should be known.

That is because the court’s delay may have stripped citizens of the criminal justice system’s most effective mechanism for determining disputed facts: a trial before a judge and a jury, where the law and the facts can be weighed and resolved.

It is this forum — and the resolution it provides — that Mr. Trump seeks, at all costs, to avoid. It is not surprising that he loudly proclaims his innocence in the court of public opinion. What is surprising is that the nation’s highest court has interjected itself in a way that facilitates his efforts to avoid a legal reckoning.

Looking at the experience of other countries is instructive. In Brazil, the former president Jair Bolsonaro, after baselessly claiming fraud before an election, was successfully prosecuted in a court and barred from running for office for years. In France, the former president Jacques Chirac was successfully prosecuted for illegal diversion of public funds during his time as mayor of Paris. Likewise, Argentina, Italy, Japan and South Korea have relied on the courts to hold corrupt leaders to account for their misconduct.

Because the courts have been such crucial scaffolding for democracy, leaders with authoritarian impulses often seek to undermine judicial authority and defang the courts to advance their interests. As the national-security and governance writer Rachel Kleinfeld has pointed out : “democracies have been falling all over the world in recent years. The decline has largely occurred at the hands of elected leaders who use their popularity to ride roughshod over their countries’ institutions, destroying oversight by a thousand cuts.”

Consider India, Bolivia, Hungary and Venezuela, where the erosion of judicial independence of the courts has been accompanied by a rise in all-consuming power for an individual leader.

Within our constitutional system, the U.S. Supreme Court can still act effectively and quickly to preserve the judiciary’s role in a constitutional democracy. If the court is truly concerned about the rule of law and ensuring that these disputed facts are resolved in a trial, it could issue a ruling quickly after the oral argument.

It would then fall to the special counsel Jack Smith and Judge Chutkan to ensure that this case gets to a jury. Obviously, fidelity to due process and careful attention to the rights of the accused are critical. To get to a trial and avoid any further potential delay, Mr. Smith may decide to limit the government’s case to its bare essentials — what is often called the “slim to win” strategy. And Judge Chutkan has already warned Mr. Trump that his pretrial unruly statements with respect to witnesses and others may result in her moving up the start of the trial to protect the judicial process.

Before Election Day 2024, if at all possible, voters should know if the facts of a case establish that one of the candidates engaged in an elaborate election-interference scheme in 2020.

Justice Juan Merchan, who is overseeing the Manhattan criminal trial, and the New York appellate courts offer an instructive model of fair and expeditious case management. In less than a week, Justice Merchan has seated a jury, and he and many appellate judges have quickly ruled on Mr. Trump’s efforts to thwart the start of the trial.

If the Supreme Court resolves the immunity question quickly, allowing the federal election interference case to proceed, Judge Chutkan’s case management likewise will be pivotal in dealing with the intricacies of jury selection in a high-profile case and effectively distinguishing between frivolous and meritorious defense arguments that would prolong the trial timeline. These options may seem like a long shot, but they are the ones that remain.

Courts are supposed to serve as a neutral forum for the determination of facts and the adjudication of law. And, as examples in other countries illustrate, they can be a crucial bulwark for the rule of law in precarious times.

Politics and law are often seen as separate institutions, but in fact they regularly interact within our constitutional system as checks and balances — unless, as is the case here, the court takes on an overbearing role.

The Supreme Court’s review of the immunity issue delays indefinitely a jury trial of Mr. Trump’s role in obstructing the peaceful transfer of power — and therefore risks transforming our nation into a Potemkin village of democracy that bears the surface trappings of legal institutions but without actual checks on the executive branch of government.

Melissa Murray and Andrew Weissmann teach at the N.Y.U. School of Law and are co-authors of “The Trump Indictments: The Historic Charging Documents With Commentary.” They are co-hosts, respectively, of the podcasts Strict Scrutiny and Prosecuting Donald Trump .

The Times is committed to publishing a diversity of letters to the editor. We’d like to hear what you think about this or any of our articles. Here are some tips . And here’s our email: [email protected] .

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http://orcid.org/0009-0005-0529-0398 Destiny Lutz 1 ,
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6429-4333 Carla van den Berg 1 ,
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3056-8169 Anu M Räisänen 1 , 2 ,
Isla J Shill 1 , 3 ,
Jemma Kim 4 , 5 ,
Kenzie Vaandering 1 ,
Alix Hayden 6 ,
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0427-2877 Kati Pasanen 1 , 7 , 8 , 9 ,
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5951-5899 Kathryn J Schneider 1 , 3 , 8 , 9 , 10 ,
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9499-6691 Carolyn A Emery 1 , 3 , 8 , 9 , 11 , 12 , 13 ,
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5984-9821 Oluwatoyosi B A Owoeye 1 , 4
1 Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta , Canada
2 Department of Physical Therapy Education - Oregon , Western University of Health Sciences College of Health Sciences - Northwest , Lebanon , Oregon , USA
3 Hotchkiss Brain Institute , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta , Canada
4 Department of Physical Therapy & Athletic Training , Doisy College of Health Sciences, Saint Louis University , Saint Louis , Missouri , USA
5 Interdisciplinary Program in Biomechanics and Movement Science , University of Delaware College of Health Sciences , Newark , Delaware , USA
6 Libraries and Cultural Resources , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta , Canada
7 Tampere Research Center for Sports Medicine , Ukk Instituutti , Tampere , Finland
8 McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta , Canada
9 Alberta Chilrden's Hopsital Research Institute , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta , Canada
10 Sport Medicine Centre , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta , Canada
11 O'Brien Institute for Public Health , University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta , Canada
12 Department of Community Health Sciences , Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta , Canada
13 Department of Paediatrics , Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary , Alberta , Canada
Correspondence to Ms Destiny Lutz, Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; destiny.lutz{at}ucalgary.ca

Objective To evaluate best practices for neuromuscular training (NMT) injury prevention warm-up programme dissemination and implementation (D&I) in youth team sports, including characteristics, contextual predictors and D&I strategy effectiveness.

Design Systematic review.

Data sources Seven databases were searched.

Eligibility The literature search followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Inclusion criteria: participation in a team sport, ≥70% youth participants (<19 years), D&I outcomes with/without NMT-related D&I strategies. The risk of bias was assessed using the Downs & Black checklist.

Results Of 8334 identified papers, 68 were included. Sport participants included boys, girls and coaches. Top sports were soccer, basketball and rugby. Study designs included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) (29.4%), cross-sectional (23.5%) and quasi-experimental studies (13.2%). The median Downs & Black score was 14/33. Injury prevention effectiveness (vs efficacy) was rarely (8.3%) prioritised across the RCTs evaluating NMT programmes. Two RCTs (2.9%) used Type 2/3 hybrid approaches to investigate D&I strategies. 19 studies (31.6%) used D&I frameworks/models. Top barriers were time restrictions, lack of buy-in/support and limited benefit awareness. Top facilitators were comprehensive workshops and resource accessibility. Common D&I strategies included Workshops with supplementary Resources (WR; n=24) and Workshops with Resources plus in-season Personnel support (WRP; n=14). WR (70%) and WRP (64%) were similar in potential D&I effect. WR and WRP had similar injury reduction (36–72%) with higher adherence showing greater effectiveness.

Conclusions Workshops including supplementary resources supported the success of NMT programme implementation, however, few studies examined effectiveness. High-quality D&I studies are needed to optimise the translation of NMT programmes into routine practice in youth sport.

Data availability statement

Data are available in a public, open access repository. Not Applicable.

https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2023-106906

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WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ON THE TOPIC

Neuromuscular training (NMT) injury prevention warm-up programmes are effective at preventing injury rates in youth sports. However, for proper dissemination and implementation (D&I) by multiple stakeholders, barriers such as low adoption, adherence and lack of time must be addressed.

WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS

There are limited high-quality research studies to facilitate the widespread adoption of, and improved adherence to, NMT programmes. Few studies used D&I theories, frameworks or models. Programme flexibility is a common barrier to implementation; adaptation of NMT programmes to fit local contexts is imperative. Comprehensive workshops and supplementary resources currently support the success of NMT programme implementation.

HOW THIS STUDY MIGHT AFFECT RESEARCH, PRACTICE OR POLICY

Promotion of NMT programmes as the standard of practice is essential to increase practical D&I of these programmes, and thus reduce the burden of youth sport injuries. This work provides some directions for stakeholders, including researchers, implementation support practitioners and youth sport policymakers, on current best practices for the delivery of NMT programmes in local youth sport settings. This work also provides the evidence base for more translational research efforts in youth sport injury prevention, a much-needed next step to optimise NMT programmes into youth sport practice.

Introduction

Youth (<19 years) sport participation provides numerous benefits, positively impacting physical and mental health. 1 Youth sport participation rates are high, with up to 90% of youth participating in sport globally. 2–5 However, with increased sport participation comes increased injury risk. One-in-three youth sustain a sport-related injury each year, leading to a significant public health burden with high healthcare costs. 3 6–8 Sport-related injuries may also result in long-term health consequences (eg, poor mental health, reduced physical activity, post-traumatic osteoarthritis). 7–9 Implementing injury prevention strategies is critical to mitigate the injury risk associated with youth sport participation.

Neuromuscular training (NMT) injury prevention warm-up programmes in youth team sport are effective in reducing injury rates by up to 60% and decreasing costs associated with injury based on randomised controlled trials (RCT) and systematic reviews. 10–21 NMT programmes include exercises that can be categorised across aerobic, balance, strength and agility components 22 23 and typically take 10–15 min. 24 25 Originally implemented with the intention of reducing non-contact lower extremity injury risk, 26–28 the effectiveness of NMT programmes has since been evaluated across numerous sports, age groups and levels of play and are associated with lower extremity and overall injury rates compared with standard of practice warm-ups. 12 20 21 25 In youth team sports, a protective effect has been demonstrated in soccer, handball, basketball, netball, rugby and floorball. 11 16 29–31 The International Olympic Committee Consensus Statement on Youth Athletic Development recommends multifaceted NMT warm-up programmes in youth sport. 32

Despite being a primary injury prevention strategy across youth sports, NMT programme adoption remains low. 33–38 For evidence-informed interventions to be successful and have a practical impact, pragmatic approaches derived from dissemination and implementation (D&I) science are necessary across multiple socioecological levels including organisation, coach and player. 36 Dissemination is defined as ‘the active process of spreading evidence-based interventions to a target population through determined channels and using planned strategies’. Implementation is ‘the active process of using strategies across multiple levels of change to translate evidence-based interventions into practice and prompt corresponding behaviour change in a target population’. 36

The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate current best practices for the D&I of NMT programmes in a youth team sport. The specific objectives of this systematic review were to: (1) describe the characteristics of identified D&I-related studies (studies with at least one D&I outcome directly or indirectly assessed as primary, secondary or tertiary outcome); (2) evaluate factors associated with the D&I of NMT warm-up programme across socioecological levels, including barriers and facilitators; (3) examine the effect of D&I strategies in delivering NMT warm-ups across multiple socioecological levels; and (4) examine the influence of D&I strategies on injury rates. Our protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021271734), and the review is reported in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines ( supplemental appendix S1 ).

Supplemental material

Search strategy and data sources.

A comprehensive search was developed with a librarian (KAH) in MEDLINE, incorporating four main concepts: child/youth, injury prevention, implementation/compliance/adherence and sports. The author team reviewed the final search strategy which was then piloted against the known key studies to ensure that the search was capturing relevant studies. Finally, the MEDLINE search was translated to the other databases. Searches were conducted 25 August 2021 (updated 16–18 August 2022; 5 September 2023). Search strategies are available in Supplemental Appendix S2 . Studies were identified by searching seven databases: MEDLINE(R) and EPUB Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Daily, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane database of Systematic Reviews (all Ovid); CINAHL Plus with Full Text, SPORTDiscus with Full Text (EBSCO) and ProQuest Dissertations & Thesis Global.

Study selection and eligibility

All database search results were uploaded and duplicates were removed in Covidence (Veritas Health Innovation, Melbourne, Australia). Records were independently reviewed by authors in pairs (DL/IJS, CV/JK, KV/DL), starting with a screening of 50 randomly selected citations to assess inter-rater agreement with a threshold set at 90%. Each pair of reviewers performed title/abstract screening and full-text screening independently, providing reasons for exclusion at full-text stage ( figure 1 ). Any disagreements for exclusion, where a consensus could not be reached within pairs, were resolved by a senior author (OBAO). A secondary evaluation of included manuscripts was performed by senior authors (OBAO and CAE) to ensure appropriate inclusion. Study inclusion criteria were: (1) Participation in a team sport (male and female); (2) a minimum of 70% of participants as a youth (<19 years) or coaches of these youth teams; (3) reported dissemination and/or implementation outcomes (eg, self-efficacy, adherence, intention); (4) reported D&I strategies related to NMT warm-up programmes (ie, NMT delivery strategies, where applicable eg, in RCTs). Exclusion criteria were: (1) Studies evaluating rehabilitation programmes, non-team-based or physical education programmes; (2) non-peer-reviewed; (3) not English. The screening process was reported using the PRISMA flow diagram. 39

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Study identification Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses flow diagram.

Risk of bias

To assess the risk of bias, three sets of paired reviewers independently used the Downs & Black (D&B) quality assessment tool. 40 The tool consists of a 27-item checklist (total score/33). A third senior reviewer (OBAO or CAE or AMR) resolved any disagreements. The rating of evidence and strength of recommendations were assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) guidelines. 41–43

Frameworks/models

The proportion of studies that used D&I research theories/frameworks/models, including behaviour change frameworks/models, was examined to identify commonly used frameworks/models.

Efficacy-effectiveness orientation in RCTs

We assessed the components of 12 RCTs using the Rating Included Trials on the Efficacy-Effectiveness Spectrum (RITES) tool, as adapted by Maddox et al 44 RITES scores RCTs in systematic reviews based on a continuum of efficacy-effectiveness across four domains: Participant characteristics, trial setting, flexibility of intervention(s) and clinical relevance of experimental and comparison intervention(s) ( online supplemental table S1 ). 45 We modified the Likert grading system to classify studies depending on whether their emphasis was more on efficacy or effectiveness or balanced for both. Given that different aspects of each trial may fall in different places along the efficacy-effectiveness continuum, each RITES domain is scored independently and a composite score is not applicable. To minimise subjectivity, the RITES evaluation for included RCTs was completed by two reviewers (AMR and OBAO). Any disagreements were resolved through discussion to reach a consensus.

Study typologies and assessment of study relevance to D&I

The level of relevance of individual studies (RCTs and quasi-experiments) to D&I was determined based on the implementation-effectiveness hybrid taxonomy: Type 1 (primarily focused on clinical/intervention outcomes), Type 2 (balance focused on both clinical/intervention outcomes and D&I outcomes) and Type 3 (primarily or ‘fully’ (our adaptation) focused on D&I outcomes) studies. 36 46 For ease of interpretation of results, studies were rated considering three broad traditional research design categories (ie, hierarchy of evidence): RCTs, quasi-experimental and observational studies, including cohort, cross-sectional, pre-experimental, qualitative, mixed-methods and ecological studies. Observational studies were categorised as ‘fully focused’ observational-implementation (if only D&I outcomes were evaluated) or ‘partially focused’ observational-implementation (if a combination of clinical and D&I outcomes were evaluated’ D&I studies. 47 RCTs and quasi-experimental studies with Type 2 or Type 3 hybrid approaches were indicated as ‘highly relevant’ towards informing D&I best practices. Furthermore, observational-implementation studies that are fully focused on D&I were also indicated as ‘highly relevant’.

Data extraction

The extracted data included: study design, author, journal, year, population (eg, 13–17 years old female soccer players), participant demographics, D&I intervention strategies (eg, workshops, supplementary resources), D&I framework/model, control group strategies, D&I outcomes (eg, adoption, adherence, intention, fidelity, self-efficacy) and injury outcomes. Study design classification was completed based on data extracted and the process taken by authors, 48 which may have differed from the original classification. Furthermore, prospective, and retrospective cohort studies were consolidated into ‘cohort’ to improve ease of readability. D&I outcomes indicated as compliance were included in the appropriate adherence category as defined in Owoeye et al and described as ‘adherence-related’ outcomes, to maintain unified language across results; the full list is provided in online supplemental table S2 . 36 49–51 Based on the dose-response thresholds reported for NMT programmes within current literature, measures of adherence were used to indicate potential D&I effect ( online supplemental table S5 ). 24 36 52–54 Studies with cumulative utilisation (sessions completed/total possible) of ≥70%, utilisation frequency of ≥1.5 sessions/week or a significant association between D&I exposures and outcomes were defined as moderate-to-highly relevant and identified as having a potential D&I effect (ie, yes). Studies presenting cumulative utilisation <70%, utilisation frequency <1.5 sessions/week or no association between D&I exposures and outcomes were defined as low-to-no relevance (ie, no). Studies reporting both frequency utilisation and cumulative utilisation must both reach the established dose-response thresholds to be considered as having a potential D&I effect. D&I barriers and facilitators, factors influencing injury prevention implementation success and the identification of any frameworks used were also extracted and categorised into themes. Measures of potential effect for these results were summarised using OR, proportions and mean differences in D&I outcomes (eg, adoption, adherence). Injury-specific results were reported as incidence rate ratios, risk ratios, ORs or prevalence. D&I strategies were classified into various categories, including workshops, supplementary resources, personnel support, supervision and combinations of these strategies.

Equity, diversity and inclusion statement

Our author team is comprised of student and senior researchers across various disciplines with representation from low-to-middle-income countries. A variety of demographic, socioeconomic and cultural backgrounds were included in our study populations.

PRISMA flow, characteristics of included studies and risk of bias assessment

A total of 68 relevant studies were included from our initial and updated search yield of 9021 studies ( figure 1 ). Across included studies, 13 included only male youth participants, 13 included only female youth participants, 26 included both and 16 reported coach-focused findings. Sports represented were soccer (n=33), rugby (n=8), basketball (n=7), multisport (n=7), handball (n=5), floorball (n=3), field hockey (n=3), volleyball (n=1) and futsal (n=1).

Details of study characteristics and risk of bias are presented in online supplemental table S3 . D&B scores ranged from 4/33 to 24/33 (median=14/33) from a variety of study designs, including 20 RCTs, 16 cross-sectional, 9 quasi-experimental, 8 cohort, 6 qualitative, 3 ecological, 3 mixed-methods and 3 pre-experimental. The D&B scores for the two top D&I-related relevant studies—an RCT Type 2 study (n=1) was 21/33 and an RCT Type 3 hybrid study (n=1) was 17/33. Using the GRADE guidelines for the process of rating the quality of evidence available and interpreting the quality assessment, the strength of recommendations was ‘low’ given the multiplicity of designs. 42 43

Characteristics of current D&I-related studies

23 studies (33.8%) reported using a D&I /behaviour change framework/model. D&I frameworks included Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintentance (RE-AIM) Framework (n=7), Consolidation Framework for Implementation Research (n=1), Precede-Proceed Model (n=1), Translating Research into Injury Prevention Practice (n=1) and Promoting Action on Research Implementation of Health Sciences (n=1) and the Adherence Optimisation Framework (n=1). Behaviour change models included the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) (n=8), Theory of Planned Behaviour (n=1) and the Health Belief Model (n=1).

Assessment of study relevance to D&I

Two RCTs of 68 included D&I-related studies (2.9%) were identified as highly relevant to D&I best practices (ie, Type 2 or 3 hybrid approach). 55 56 18 (27.9%) RCTs reported a secondary analysis of D&I strategies 12 16 19 30 53 57–69 ; classified as Type 1 hybrids. Five (8.3%) quasi-experimental studies used Type 2 or Type 3 hybrid approach 22 70–73 ; the remaining studies (n=4; 5%) were classified as quasi-experimental Type 1 hybrids. 74–77 Many observational studies (n=17; 26.7%), 78–94 were highly relevant based on being fully-focused observational-implementation studies; 5 (6.7%) were partially-focused observational-implementation studies. 52 95–98 The remaining observational studies (n=17; 23.3%) were observational-implementation studies, 35 99–114 reporting D&I outcomes from a qualitative lens using interviews and surveys.

The RITES scores for the 14 D&I-related RCTs that examined injuries as primary outcome and D&I outcomes as secondary (Type 1 hybrid approach) are presented in table 1 . Almost all (13 of 14; 92.9%) of the RCTs focused mainly on intervention efficacy (as opposed to effectiveness) regarding the flexibility of NMT warm-up programmes. Cumulatively, effectiveness was rarely (7.1%) prioritised as a primary focus across all the 56 possible ratings of the RITES domains for all 14 studies. 50% of the domain ratings demonstrated efficacy as a priority and 42.9% of the ratings were indicated for a balance between efficacy and effectiveness.

View inline

RITES domain scores for included trials

Contextual predictors of NMT warm-up programme implementation

50 (73.5% of total) studies identified ≥1 barrier or facilitator within their findings, with 10 (14.7% of total) specifically examining barriers/facilitators as their main objectives. Full list is provided in online supplemental table S4 . The most common barriers identified were time restrictions (n=30), 30 35 59 62 69 70 73 74 78 79 81 82 84 87–91 93 96 98 101 102 105 107 108 112 114 reduced buy-in/support (n=8) 62 75 84 87 105 110–112 and limited awareness of preventative effects of programmes (n=8). 74 84 103 104 107 109 113 Facilitators included comprehensive workshops from trained instructors (n=11), 53 71 78–80 84 90 96 99 100 112 accessibility of supplementary resources (n=10) 82 84 87 89 90 105 114 and uptake/support from multiple stakeholders (n=7). 56 67 84 101 103 105 112 Moreover, suggestions from multiple socioecological levels indicated that increasing programme education and support, increased sport-specific activities and improved awareness of preventive effects, influence NMT implementation success. 36 88 89 115 116 Figure 2 , adapted from Basow et al 117 illustrates the contextual factors reported in the literature. 117 This evidence-informed model shows the important barriers and facilitators that influence the end-user implementation of NMT warm-up programmes across the three key socioecological levels of change.

Contextual predictors of NMT implementation across multiple socioecological levels. (Adapted from Basow et al (2021)).(116). Notes. SE, self-efficacy. NMT, neuromuscular training. Bold represents top barrier(s)/facilitator(s).

51 (75%) studies used implementation strategies for NMT warm-up programmes. The most frequently used strategies were Workshops with supplementary Resources (WR; n=24), followed by Workshops with supplementary Resources, plus in-season Personnel support (WRP; n=14). Three studies employed both WR and WRP strategies. Other methods for implementation included only workshops (n=9), only supplementary resources (n=4), supplementary resources and personnel support (n=2), workshops with personnel support (n=1) and supervision (n=1). Note, some studies are duplicated throughout the table when multiple D&I strategies are compared. 22 53 56 86

The key D&I concepts that were reported within the included studies were adherence or adherence-related (eg, self-efficacy, translation and perception). Specific outcomes within these concepts were further examined from the individual study results. We did not have enough evidence to present a meta-analysis of the effect of D&I strategies on D&I outcomes. Therefore, online supplemental table S5 presents a qualitative summary of the relationships between reported D&I exposure and D&I outcomes. 40 studies reported adherence-related outcomes, of which 32 (80%) were indicated to have potential D&I effect. Studies using WRP (n=14) reported completing between 1.4 and 2.6 sessions/week and cumulative utilisation of 39–85.6%; 9 of these 14 studies have potential D&I effect. Studies using WR (n=24) presented utilisation frequency ranging from 0.8 to 3.2 sessions/week and cumulative utilisation of 55–98% of sessions; 16 of these 24 have potential D&I effect. In studies evaluating workshops only (n=9; 22%), frequency utilisation was reported between 1 and 2 sessions/week across eight of the nine studies and one study had 52% cumulative utilisation; two have potential D&I effect.

Effects of D&I strategies on injury outcomes

Three RCTs specifically examined the effects of the D&I strategies used to deliver NMT programmes on injury outcomes ( table 2 ). Two studies that compared both WR and WRP to supplementary resource only found no significant differences between strategies, 53 56 they reported reduced injury rates in the highest adherence groups by 56% and 72%, respectively. Another study comparing WR and WRP to a standard of practice warm-up found a 36% reduction of ankle and knee injuries when using WR and a 38% reduction in ankle and knee injuries without supervision. 22 There were no significant differences in injury rates between groups.

Injury Outcomes by D&I strategies and adherence

This study evaluated current literature to inform evidence-based best practices for the D&I of NMT programmes in youth team sport. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review evaluating the D&I of NMT programmes in youth sport. To improve the practical implementation of NMT warm-ups, factors associated with implementation success and current best practices for delivering context-specific NMT programmes are required to be evaluated. 118 In this review, we found few D&I-related studies use D&I or behaviour change frameworks, theories or models to guide their research questions. We discovered the number of RCTs examining the effectiveness of D&I strategies for NMT programme delivery is limited. Common barriers to NMT implementation include programme flexibility and time restrictions; and the use of coach workshops and supplementary resources are currently the primary strategy in NMT programme D&I facilitation.

One-third of the included studies used a D&I framework or behaviour change model in their research work. The HAPA and RE-AIM models were the most frequently used. These models are a conceptual and organised combination of theories required to direct the design, evaluation and translation of evidence-based interventions (NMT programmes) and the context in which they are being implemented. 36 71 119 It is imperative for D&I studies to use these frameworks/models to fully understand specific implementation processes and contexts. Future D&I studies should consider using appropriate frameworks or models, including adaptations and combination of models to guide their specific aims.

Relevance to D&I

Across the relevant literature, a variety of designs and levels of evidence were included.

Of 68 studies, 7 (10.3%) were found to be ‘highly relevant’ toward informing D&I best practice (2 (2.9%) RCTs, 5 (7.4%) quasi-experimental). Other ‘relevant’ studies evaluated implementation as secondary objectives (Type 1 hybrid designs) and/or were of lower level of evidence. 33 observational studies were ‘highly relevant’ to D&I, assessing D&I outcomes and barriers and facilitators from a qualitative lens. While these studies are important for understanding D&I context, more high-quality and highly relevant studies such as RCTs and quasi-experimental designs using the Type 3 hybrid approach, or non-hybrid approach focused on solely evaluating the effectiveness of D&I strategies, are needed to advance the widespread adoption and continued use of NMT programmes in youth team sport.

Effectiveness versus efficacy

Effectiveness is indicative of an evidence-informed intervention’s readiness for practical implementation. 36 Findings from our RITES scores evaluation indicate that the majority of the RCTs had a primary focus on efficacy and not effectiveness. Although many RCT studies had a fair balance between efficacy and effectiveness for participant characteristics, trial settings and clinical relevance domains (≥50% of RCTs), there is a lack of flexibility in the development and evaluation of the evidence supporting current NMT warm-up programmes. These disparities regarding practical implementation have implications for D&I research and practice in this field. Current NMT programmes may need to be modified or adapted to the local context and evaluated further to improve implementation in youth sport settings.

Contextual considerations

In our Adapted Socioecological Model ( figure 2 ), we demonstrate that the utilisation of NMT programmes by individual players within youth team sport can depend on their coach adopting and implementing the warm-up, which may also be dependent on larger organisational systems. Barriers related to end-users’ success in wide-spread adoption and long-term maintenance can be moderated; however, researchers and implementers have to be intentional about tackling these recognised barriers and associated challenges 25 87 104 115 ; integrating the facilitators of successful implementation intending to reduce and address these obstacles is essential. The barriers and facilitators identified in this systematic review provide insight into the combination of D&I strategies that should be formulated and tested by D&I researchers in the sports injury prevention field.

Within the current review, lack of time, whether it be learning, instructing and/or practicing the programme, is a common barrier that plays a significant role in implementation. A recent narrative review focused solely on the barriers and facilitators associated with exercise-based warm-up programmes showed similar conclusions regarding time restrictions. 115 Collective themes within this literature for players, coaches and organisations found that reduced buy-in and support at different levels impacted the adoption of NMT warm-up programmes. The lack of awareness and knowledge of the injury prevention benefits of NMT warm-up programmes also presented major barriers to buy-in, leading to reduced implementation success. Future interventions should ensure that education about evidence-informed injury prevention outcomes associated with programme adherence is integrated within their D&I strategies.

D&I science is a growing field of study. A variety of D&I outcomes were identified such as self-efficacy, intention, reach, outcome expectancy and most commonly, adherence or adherence-related outcomes. These outcomes were evaluated using different D&I strategies for NMT warm-up programmes. The most commonly reported strategies were Workshops with supplementary Resources with/without in-season Personnel support. Evaluation of D&I outcomes showed that adherence or adherence-related outcomes were most frequently reported across studies. Various measures of adherence as defined by Owoeye et al (2020) were identified, including cumulative utilisation, utilisation frequency, utilisation fidelity, duration fidelity and exercise fidelity. 36

Adherence remains the most common D&I outcome in the sport injury prevention literature. 36 120 In this review, we defined adherence and adherence-related thresholds for a moderate-to-high dose-response to be ≥70% cumulative utilisation and/or ≥1.5 session/week to achieve the desired protective effects. This was done with consideration of pragmatism and a practical balance between programme efficacy and effectiveness given the existing literature. 24 91 32 of 40 studies (80%) from those with adherence or adherence-related outcomes had a potential D&I effect based on a moderate-to-high adherence or adherence-related outcome level. The use of WR and WRP was the most common D&I strategies for delivering NMT warm-up programmes. While there are several areas for improvement for the practical D&I of NMT warm-up programmes in youth sport settings, the use of comprehensive workshops and supplementary resources at various levels, particularly with coaches, appears to be the optimal best practice. However, only two ‘highly relevant’ D&I studies (RCTs) from the current systematic review presented conclusions based on the effectiveness of D&I strategies and outcomes specifically.

Many studies (n=26/68; 38.2%) included both male and female participants; however, no sex-differences were described. When examining D&I outcomes, only 7/26 (26.9%) had moderate-to-high adherence when looking at both male and female youth players. In total, 84.6% of the female-only (11/13) and 72.7% of the male-only studies (8/11) reported moderate-to-high adherence levels. These findings suggest greater attention and efforts for adherence and implementation of NMT programmes in the male youth team sport setting may need further consideration compared with the female youth sport context.

Of the preliminary evidence for Type 2 and 3 hybrid designs, the literature highlighted in the synthesis of this data that WR are effective strategies in injury prevention and showed more moderate-to-high adherence levels. Given that most studies are doing some form of WR, adding in-season personnel support does not increase the protective effect and may be less sustainable given that resources, time and support are significant barriers to the D&I of these programmes.

Additionally, greater implementation and programme buy-in were found in studies where uptake of these NMT programmes was supported across multiple stakeholders, particularly at the organisation level. 19 67 90 103 112 Catering to programme deliverers (coaches, organisations, parents) and evaluating their awareness, perception and self-efficacy may help further inform our understanding of D&I and how we can best work to promote programme uptake further.

D&I strategies and injury outcomes

The findings from this systematic review suggest that while various D&I intervention strategies are effective at reducing injuries in youth team sports, the ranges of injury rate ratios are similar across studies employing different strategies (32–88% lower injury rates across WR strategy studies and 41–77% lower injury rates across WRP strategy studies). 22 53 56 Although this was not the proposed evaluation of these studies, our findings demonstrate that the use of workshops may influence D&I success and the availability of supplementary resources alone may not be efficacious. Future evaluation of the influence of delivery strategies should be considered.

Future directions

Using facilitators to reduce barrier burden.

Regarding NMT strategy evaluation, our findings show that most of the current programmes focus on efficacy over effectiveness, particularly in the aspect of intervention flexibility; this suggests a need for the adaptation of NMT programmes to fit local contexts. NMT programme developers should consider more enjoyable and user-friendly exercises that include sport-specific activities (eg, ball work, partner drills, tags). Increasing variations also improves player buy-in and increases intrinsic motivation. At a coaching level, workshops on NMT programmes should include evidence-informed education on the injury prevention benefits and should incorporate content addressing coach self-efficacy to enhance implementation quality. 16 100 121 An ongoing pragmatic evaluation of NMT programme effectiveness is warranted as they undergo adaptation to local contexts.

Organisations have expressed limited knowledge and education for implementation as a significant barrier to successful NMT programme use. 90 99 101 105 112 115 122 Implementers should look to provide accessible resources and encourage further support from multiple stakeholders, including the governing bodies. This could lead to policy changes within the club and result in greater uptake of these programmes long-term. Collaborations among stakeholders (researchers, youth sport administrators, coaches and players) in programme development, evaluation, D&I are necessary to improve efforts for impactful practical translation of programmes.

Research recommendations

The support for NMT programmes within youth sport is extensive. 28 Although these programmes have been shown to be effective for injury prevention in many sports, 10 11 sport representation across D&I studies in our review was limited. Scaling up of NMT programmes and supporting continued research into other sports is vital for increased context-specific D&I of these programmes to reduce the overall burden of youth sport injuries.

Compliance and adherence were often used interchangeably, despite having distinct definitions. Although their mathematical calculations are similar, these two constructs are contextually different. Compliance refers to individuals conforming to prescribed recommendations in controlled intervention settings, 123 while adherence refers to the agreement of an individual’s behaviour to recommended evidence-based interventions in uncontrolled settings. 36 Standardised definitions should be considered more frequently by researchers to build on current knowledge and inform future D&I research.

Using D&I frameworks/models can improve NMT programme implementation success in a practical setting. 71 124 Application of D&I frameworks/models, including behaviour change models, 124 is limited in injury prevention and this is reflected in the current systematic review. Future studies should use D&I frameworks/models to help guide the implementation of these NMT programmes. In doing so, researchers can gain a better understanding of the contextual and behaviour change aspects related to youth sport injury prevention. 115

Limitations

Given the broad nature of our research question, specific results were required for inclusion. Despite being specific to our objectives, our limitations set for participant age range, team sport settings and English language studies only, may have resulted in missing other studies that evaluated D&I interventions and outcomes related to NMT programmes.

Due to the heterogeneous nature of studies, meta-analysis was not possible for any of our objectives. Inclusion of various study designs, although comprehensive, impeded this process and resulted in inconsistent injury and adherence definitions across our population of interest. Furthermore, the subjective nature of many qualitative studies included may have resulted in variability within the data extracted. With the varied definitions used for each specific outcome and design, we looked to consolidate the terminology used into more succinct and unified language and we encourage this to be employed by researchers.

Methodological flaws existed in the included studies that may warrant caution about the interpretation of our conclusions. For example, many of the included studies did not include power calculations or reported low power, increasing the chance of Type 2 error. Further, many studies did not consider confounding or effect modification in their analyses or failed to report the validity of measurement tools used for injury data collection. We also acknowledge that publication bias may have favoured the inclusion of studies demonstrating significant findings (eg, effectiveness, efficacy). By considering quality assessment as an objective, we aimed to account for these limitations.

There was limited evidence supporting the effect of D&I strategies on D&I-specific outcomes. There were only two high-level evidence (RCTs) studies in this review that directly discussed the matter of D&I strategies on D&I outcomes. 55 56 D&I-related outcomes were evaluated as secondary objectives in other high-level evidence studies, therefore, we could only examine the relationship between D&I strategy and outcome to assess if the strategy used resulted in moderate-to-high adherence levels, given our pre-established thresholds.

Conclusions

This systematic review demonstrates that: (1) Few D&I-related studies are based on D&I or behaviour change theories, frameworks or models; (2) few RCTs have examined the effectiveness of D&I strategies for delivering NMT programmes; (3) programme flexibility and time restrictions are the most common barriers to implementation and; (4) a combination of coach workshops and supplementary resources are currently the primary strategy facilitating NMT programme D&I; however their effectiveness is only evaluated in a few studies. This systematic review provides foundational evidence to facilitate evidence-informed knowledge translation practices in youth sport injury prevention. Transitioning to more high-quality D&I research RCTs and quasi-experimental designs that leverage current knowledge of barriers and facilitators, incorporates Type 2 or Type 3 hybrid approaches and uses behaviour change frameworks are important next steps to optimise the translation of NMT programmes into routine practice in youth team sport settings.

Ethics statements

Patient consent for publication.

Not applicable.

Ethics approval

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Supplementary materials

Supplementary data.

This web only file has been produced by the BMJ Publishing Group from an electronic file supplied by the author(s) and has not been edited for content.

Data supplement 1
Data supplement 2

X @carlavdb_, @amraisanen, @KatiPasanen, @Kat_Schneider7, @CarolynAEmery, @owoeye_oba

Contributors DL, CE and OBAO contributed to development of study proposal and design. DL, CvdB, AMR, IJS, KV, JK, AH, CE and OBAO conducted search, study selection and screening, data extraction and synthesis and quality assessment. DL led the writing of the manuscript and was the guarantor for the project. All authors contributed to drafting and revising the final manuscript. All authors approved the submitted version of the manuscript.

Funding This study was funded by Canadian Institutes for Health Research Foundation Grant Program (PI CAE).

Competing interests OBAO is a Deputy Editor for the British Journal of Sports Medicine. CE, KJS and KP are Associate Editors for the British Journal of Sports Medicine.

Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.

Supplemental material This content has been supplied by the author(s). It has not been vetted by BMJ Publishing Group Limited (BMJ) and may not have been peer-reviewed. Any opinions or recommendations discussed are solely those of the author(s) and are not endorsed by BMJ. BMJ disclaims all liability and responsibility arising from any reliance placed on the content. Where the content includes any translated material, BMJ does not warrant the accuracy and reliability of the translations (including but not limited to local regulations, clinical guidelines, terminology, drug names and drug dosages), and is not responsible for any error and/or omissions arising from translation and adaptation or otherwise.

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Satisfactory Essays. 1011 Words. 5 Pages. Open Document. LITERATURE REVIEW Introduction Since the dawn of the mobile phone technology, life has been made easier from improved methods of communication. Apart from communication, mobile phones offer users a plethora of technological options such as games, calendars, alarms, music, etc.
Product Review Essay
Example of product review essay nurul farhanah binti mohd mazalan few days ago, my old mobile phone broke, so bought new iphone because it was difficult for me ... of videos and pictures clear. Secondly, iPhone 7 provides a faster processor than other android mobile phones. The phone has the smoothest processor performance and the less lagging ...
Expert College Essay Review
Essay review. Work with an independent reviewer to improve your college essays. Essay experts go beyond editing for grammar and language. They know what colleges are really looking for, and can help your teen write essays that actually resonate with admissions officers. They can help you develop the right topics, avoid clichés, and showcase ...
Review Essay Guide
Synthesize Information: Go beyond summarizing sources to draw new insights and perspectives. Write Clearly and Concisely: Ensure that your essay is well-structured, with clear transitions and a logical flow of ideas. Review and Refine: Revise your essay for clarity, coherence, and grammatical accuracy.
Moto G 5G (2024) review: The best phone under $200
It's hard to find a phone as inexpensive as the $199 Moto G 5G (2024). And while you'll need to excuse some performance hiccups and a dull screen, you'll appreciate the phone's long-lasting ...
Nothing Phone 2a in blue is real, but you can't buy it
It's the same phone, sporting a slick design, a 6.7-inch 120Hz FHD+ OLED panel, a MediaTek Dimensity 7200 Pro SoC, and a 5,000mAh cell with 45W fast charging. The sub-par cameras are also intact.
The Best Cell Phone Signal Boosters for Staying Connected
The SureCall Flare 3.0 is the best overall model for small- to medium-size homes and offices, improving weak cell signals across two to four rooms and delivering roughly 3,500 square feet of coverage.
'Guilt' Review: When the Lights Go Out in Edinburgh
At the center of the web are Max and Jake McCall (Mark Bonnar and the marvelous Jamie Sives), brothers with very little use for each other who become bound in a seemingly endless cycle of lies ...
IUBMB Life Call for Papers Special Issue on Environmental Management
IUBMB Life is the flagship journal of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and is devoted to the rapid publication of the most novel and significant short articles, reviews and papers in the broadly defined fields of biochemistry, molecular biology, cell biology, and molecular medicine.
NeurIPS 2024 Call for Papers
Publication of accepted submissions: Reviews, meta-reviews, and any discussion with the authors will be made public for accepted papers (but reviewer, area chair, and senior area chair identities will remain anonymous). Camera-ready papers will be due in advance of the conference. All camera-ready papers must include a funding disclosure.
Opinion
Guest Essay. The Supreme Court Has Already Botched the Trump Immunity Case. April 24, 2024. ... But the court's decision to review the immunity case actually undermines core democratic values.
Best practices for the dissemination and implementation of
Objective To evaluate best practices for neuromuscular training (NMT) injury prevention warm-up programme dissemination and implementation (D&I) in youth team sports, including characteristics, contextual predictors and D&I strategy effectiveness. Design Systematic review. Data sources Seven databases were searched. Eligibility The literature search followed Preferred Reporting Items for ...

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Are Smartphones Good or Bad? (Essay Guide)

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