dashain festival essay in nepali

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Essay About Dashain Festival

Dashain festival is one of the greatest festivals in Nepal. It is celebrated with great joy and jubilation. Dashain is celebrated by the Hindu followers all over Nepal. It is the festival that brings happiness and delivers the message of unity among people. This festival signifies unity, the victory of truth, and the inception of happiness.

Dashain generally falls in Nepali Month Aswin( September ) lasts for 10 days. Each day has special rituals and activities to be performed. The festival starts from Ghatasthapana and ends at Vijaya Dashami. On Ghatasthapana, people sow rice and barley seeds on the pious corner of their house to grow seedlings called Jamara.

The first nine days of the festival are popularly called Navaratri. The goddess Durga is worshipped during this period. The 7th day is known as Fulpati and on this day Jamara is brought to the Hanuman Dhoka, Kathmandu from the Gorkha Durbar with the help of the priest. From Fulpati (8th day) until the 9th day, people sacrifice goats, ducks, buffaloes, and other birds & animals to the Goddess Durga. They worship the image of the Goddess Durga, some even visit temples. They do so wishing her blessing for power and prosperity. The main day of the Tika ie. the 10th day is called Vijaya Dashami.

On this day, people receive Tika( red-colored rice seeds ) on their forehead, Jamara on their head along with the blessings of the elder ones. They get blessings for good health, happiness, progress, prosperity, and longevity. People wear new clothes, visit relatives and enjoy delicious food items .

Dashain festival marks the victory of truth over untruth. With regard to this, Hindu scripture defines the two events as the starting of the celebration of the festival. The first one is when the cruel demon, Mahisasur was killed by the Goddess Durga. After this victory, the Dashain festival is believed to be started. Another one is when Ramchandra and Sita returned to Ayodhya after killing the evil Ravan who had kidnapped Sita. The celebration of Dashain has social and religious importance. It is an occasion of peace and goodwill.

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It is the festival in which family members gather and enjoy together. They forget their worries and indulge themselves in feasting and joy. Schools, offices, organizations, etc. remain closed during the time and people far away return back home for the festive celebration with their kith and kins. Despite this, Dashain has a dark side too. Numerous birds, animals are killed mercilessly. People engage themselves in taking drinks, different beverages, gambling, and so on. Some people even celebrate in an expensive and pompous style being in prolonged debt. Indeed, celebrating festivals like Dashain gives us complete joy and spreads a true message of brotherhood.

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Essay on Dashain Festival | Short Paragraph About Dashain

Dashain is the festival of people of the Hindu community. Statistically, people who follow Hinduism take most of the population in Nepal. It is only natural to be the most popular and anticipated festival of the year. But, it isn’t just limited to Hindu people. People following various religions have learned to enjoy and celebrate Dashain be it in their own ways. Dashain is also known as Dasain, Vijaya Dashami, or Dashera (India).

This festival generally falls in Nepali month Aswin ( September ) and lasts for fifteen days. Each day has its own set of rituals and special activities that are to be performed. The festival of Dashain s based on Hindu Mythology. It represents the victory of Goddess Durga over the demon named Mahishasura which had created havoc in Devaloka ( The world where gods lived ). The nine days of Dashain symbolizes the days of battle that took place between them. The tenth day Vijaya Dashami is finally the day where Goddess Durga wins over the demon. It is this victory that is celebrated in Dashain.

Some people also believe this 10th day to be the day where Ram defeated Ravan, recorded in another mythology Ramayana. Although The festival starts from Ghatasthapana and ends on Vijaya Dashami (the tenth day), the festivities continue for a few extra days. The most important days among the fifteen are the first, seventh, eighth, ninth, and fifteenth.

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On the first day of Dashain, Ghatasthapana people sow seeds of Barley, wheat, rice. These seeds grow later and are a part of the ritual. Priests also come together and worship goddess Durga. On the seventh day, Fulpati a special celebration occurs. Priests carry a bronze pot filled with holy water, banana stalks, sugar cane tied in a red cloth under a golden tipped and decorated umbrella. A parade happens on this day where the government officials also join in. The eighth day is known as Mahaasthami.

This day is to please and worship the blood-thirsty Kali which is Goddess Durga’s fiercest manifestation. On this day people sacrifice buffaloes, goats, hens, and ducks in temples all over the country. This sacrifice is also approved by the Government. The meat from the animals after the blood sacrifices is then taken as a blessing. On the ninth day, Vishvakarman the god of creation is worshiped. This day is known as Mahanavami. On this day, precious and other pieces of equipment are offered fowl blood and prayers are done. It is believed that all things that help us survive and sustain should be kept happy. This prayer is also done as well wishes. The most awaited day, Vijaya Dashami falls on the tenth day.

This is the day of joyous occasions all over the country. People wear fresh new clothes, visit neighbors or relatives to exchange well wishes, and wear Tika( mixture of rice, yogurt, and colors) and Jamara (The barley, wheat, or rice seeds sown is harvested on this day). The younger ones receive blessings as they put tika on their foreheads by the elder ones. They get blessings for their bright future, good health, happiness, progress, prosperity, and longevity. Some sum of money is also given out (Dakshina).

People rejoice and unwind on this day. Having a hearty meal, socializing with relatives and friends, playing, and enjoying this day to heart’s content are the highlights of the day. This custom of visiting relatives and friends for tika goes on for a few more days. This festival then finally ends on the 15th day. The last day to bid farewell to Dashain is known as “Kojagrat Poornima”.

Also Read – Dashain Tika Mantra

This festival is long-awaited by many. Marketplaces are bustling with people shopping for things to prepare for the festival before the festival. People who work abroad also return to their hometowns on this joyous occasion. Schools, colleges, offices all are closed during this festival. People enjoy various other activities such as flying kites and playing swings. Dashain offers us a chance to strengthen our brotherhood, mutual co-operation, and form good relations with one another.

Dashain is the festival that marks the victory of good over evil. It is only natural that it is to be celebrated in a peaceful manner. But some people also take this festival as a competition to show off. One should not fall for such competition and enjoy it in their own ways however they can. They should be satisfied with whatever they have. People also indulge in anti-social activities such as gambling or drinking alcohol. Such activities are to be done in a responsible way so that no other people get injured or disturbed.

Numerous animals and birds alike are killed mercilessly in the name of culture. These are the dark sides of Dashain. We should realize that killing others for the sake of gods and goddesses will not bring us any prosperity. People have also been protesting about how instead of animal sacrifice we should be offerings fruits and flowers. Understanding how nature is a gift to us will help us slowly eradicate social evils. Evil will never prosper, the victor will always be virtuous is the moral behind the festival.

Note: This Essay on Dashain Festival or Short Paragraph about Dashain is prepared for students. You can take this paragraph as reference for your assignments.

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Dashain | Essay | Nepal’s Biggest festival

About Dashain

Dashain , also known as “Bada Dashain” or “Bijaya Dashami”, is a major Hindu religious festival in Nepal. It is celebrated by Nepali Hindus around the world. The festival is also known as Nauratha, which is derived from the Sanskrit term Navaratri which signifies Nine Nights. Hindus in India also commemorate a version of this festival, called Navaratri, Dussehra, or Dashera, with distinct customs and traditions.

When is Dashain celebrated?

Dashain is usually celebrated in Nepal during the month of Ashwin, which usually falls between September and October according to the Gregorian calendar. The festival begins on the bright lunar night (shukla paksha) of the month of Ashwin and ends on Purnima, the full moon, after 15 days of celebration. During the celebration, all government offices, educational institutions, and other offices remain closed. The exact dates of Dashain vary each year based on the lunar calendar.

Dashain 2023 date:

Important Days

Although, the festival spans 15 days, the most important days are the first, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, and fifteenth. All the important days are explained below:

Day 1: Ghatasthapana

The first day of the Dashain festival is known as Ghatasthapana. It is considered one of the most important days of the festival. The day of Ghatasthapana is the day when the Kalash or pot is filled with holy water and then sown with maize or barley seeds. This day is also the day when the Dashain Ghar is set up.

The Dashain Ghar is a room where the Kalash is placed. The goddess Durga is believed to reside in the Kalash during the Navaratri. The Kalash is kept away from direct sunlight, and holy water is offered to it every day. The Kalash is worshipped twice every day, once in the morning and then in the evening. These rituals continue until the seventh day of the festival. During this time, the barley or maize seeds grow to become five or six inches long yellow grass known as Jamara.

Jamara is considered sacred and received on the tenth day of the festival. The grass is grown in a dark room for nine days, and on the tenth day, it is offered to the goddess Durga.

Day 7: Phulpati

The seventh day of Dashain, Phulpati, is a significant celebration in Nepal. The word “Phulpati” is derived from two words, “Phul” meaning flower, and “Pati” meaning leaf. Traditionally, the royal Kalash, banana stalks, jamara, and sugar cane tied with red cloth are brought by Magars from Gorkha, which is about a three-day walk from Kathmandu. The Phulpati parade is headed towards the Hanuman Dhoka royal palace, where the king used to observe the ceremony in Tundikhel. The Nepalese Army presents a majestic display along with a celebratory firing of weapons that continues for ten to fifteen minutes in honor of Phulpati. The Phulpati is then taken to the Hanuman Dhoka Royal Palace, where a parade is held.

After the overthrow of the royal family in 2008, the tradition was changed, and the holy offering of Phulpati is now taken to the residence of the President. The President has taken over the King’s social and religious roles after the end of the monarchy. The procession of Phulpati is also observed in various other cities and towns across Nepal and in India, where there is a significant Nepali population.

The day of Phulpati is celebrated with traditional Naumati instruments , which add to the festive atmosphere. The Nepalese people participate in the procession with great enthusiasm, and the day is marked with joy and happiness.

Day 8: Maha Asthami

The eighth day of Dashain is known as Maha Asthami. On this day, the fierce form of Goddess Durga, Kali, is worshipped and appeased through the sacrifice of animals like buffaloes, goats, hens, and ducks in temples across the Country. This day is also referred to as Kal Ratri or Black Night after the form of Durga worshipped on this day.

Along with the puja, great feasts are held in the homes of common people on this day. The Newar people, a prominent ethnic group in Nepal, celebrate this day by performing Khadga Puja, where they worship their weapons and seek blessings from their elders.

Day 9: Maha Navami

The ninth day of Dashain, referred to as Maha Navami, is considered the pinnacle of the Navaratri celebrations. It is known as “the great ninth day” and marks the end of Navaratri. Various ceremonies and rituals are performed on this day. One of the most significant events that take place on Maha Navami is the official ritual sacrifices of the Nepal Armed Forces at one of the Hanuman Dhoka royal palaces, the Kot courtyard. Buffaloes are offered as sacrifices, and a 21-gun salute is fired in the presence of the Army Staff. This day is also known as the demon-hunting day as it is believed that defeated demons try to save themselves by hiding in the bodies of animals and fowls.

The Taleju Temple gates are opened to the general public only on Maha Navami. Thousands of devotees flock to pay their respects to the goddess. The temple is filled with devotees all day long, seeking blessings from the goddess. Artisans, craftsmen, traders, and mechanics offer animal and fowl blood to their tools, equipment, and vehicles, in the hope of warding off accidents throughout the year. Therefore, all vehicles from bikes to cars and trucks are worshipped on this day.

Day 10: Bijaya Dashami

On the tenth day of the Dashain festival, known as Bijaya Dashami, a special mixture called “tika” is prepared using rice, yogurt, and vermilion. The tika along with Jamara symbolizes the blessings of abundance for the upcoming year and is applied by elders to the foreheads of their younger relatives. This ritual is an important part of the festival and helps to strengthen family and community ties.

In addition to the tika, elders also give a small amount of money, called “Dakshina”, to their younger relatives as a symbol of their blessings. This tradition continues for five days until the full moon, during which families and relatives exchange gifts and greetings. By taking tika from all of their elder relatives, even distant ones, people renew their community ties and strengthen their bonds with one another.

Day 15: Kojagrat Purnima

Kojagrat Purnima is the final day of the Dashain festival and falls on the full moon day. It is also known as Sharad Purnima, and the term Kojagrat translates to ‘who is awake.’ On this day, people worship Goddess Laxmi, the goddess of wealth, as it is believed that she blesses those who remain awake all night with prosperity and good fortune. It is a common belief that Goddess Laxmi descends to the earth on this day.

People often celebrate this day by staying up all night and participating in various activities such as playing cards and other games.

Music: The Soulful Echo of Malshree Dhoon

Malshree Dhoon: Dashain has its very own harmonious heartbeat – the Malshree Dhoon. This melodious tune serves as a herald for Dashain’s arrival, resonating deeply with the festival’s essence. Originating in the 17th century as a part of the Newa art form, this devotional melody has transcended boundaries to become an integral part of Nepal’s national culture. It now serenades the nation during Dashain, uniting hearts in celebration.

Mantras: Blessings in Sacred Sanskrit

Dashain isn’t just a time for jubilant gatherings; it’s a moment for sacred blessings. As elders apply the auspicious tika (a blend of yogurt, rice, and vermilion) on the foreheads of younger family members, they recite ancient Sanskrit mantras, invoking blessings of good fortune, resilience, and prosperity.

Mantra for Men and Boys

In Devanagari:

आयु द्रोणसुते श्रेयं दशरथे शत्रुक्षेयं राघवे। ऐश्वर्यं नहुषे गतिश्च पवने मानं च दुर्योधने।। दानं सूर्यसुते बलं हलधरे सत्यं च कुन्ती सुते। विज्ञानं विदुरे भवन्तु भवतां कीर्तिश्च नारायणे।।

Mantra for Women and Girls

जयन्ति मङ्गला काली भद्रकाली कपालिनी । दुर्गा क्षमा शिवा धात्री स्वाहा स्वधा नमोकस्तुते ।।

These mantras aren’t just words; they are whispers of blessings that carry the weight of tradition, culture, and spirituality.

Games: Unveiling the Playful Side of Dashain

Kite Flying: As Dashain approaches, the skies of Nepal transform into a canvas of colorful kites. Kite flying isn’t just a pastime; it’s a tradition rooted in the belief that it reminds the heavens not to send rain. People of all ages ascend to their rooftops, shouting ‘changā chet’ as they cut each other’s kite strings.

Playing Cards: While children soar with kites, the older generation engages in friendly card games, merging money and merriment. It’s a time for bonding and relishing the festival spirit.

Swings (Ping): Bamboo swings, lovingly known as ‘ping’ in Nepali, emerge across Nepal, embodying local culture and camaraderie. Constructed using traditional methods, these swings are crafted with tough grass ropes, bamboo sticks, and wood. They stand tall as a symbol of unity, joy, and community spirit.

Fairs and Celebrations: Villages come alive with small fairs, featuring Ferris wheels for the young ones and a plethora of entertainment for adults. In the urban landscape, commercial fairs and celebrations paint the town with a festive palette, infusing life and vibrancy into the atmosphere.

The act of buying and wearing new clothes takes on profound significance during Dashain. For many in rural Nepal, it’s a rare opportunity to don fresh attire. Shops offer enticing festival discounts, making shopping an integral part of the celebration. Clothing sales reach their zenith during Dashain.

Dashain feasts are a testament to culinary opulence. Thousands of animals, including buffalo, ducks, and rams, are ritually sacrificed as offerings to appease the goddesses. This age-old ritual is deeply ingrained in Dashain traditions, believed to invoke divine blessings. The demand for meat escalates significantly during Dashain, owing to the plethora of feasts and gatherings.

While Dashain traditions brim with cultural significance, they have not been immune to controversy, especially concerning animal sacrifices. Advocates for animal welfare have called for alternatives, like using pumpkins and coconuts, to minimize harm to animals.

Conclusion: The Essence of Dashain

In conclusion, Dashain is much more than a religious festival. It’s a celebration of unity, family, and tradition. Dashain 2023, with its anticipation and festivity, is a testament to the resilience of Nepali culture and the enduring spirit of its people.

1. What is the significance of Dashain?

Dashain holds great religious and cultural significance in Nepal. It celebrates the victory of good over evil and promotes unity among the people.

2. When does Dashain 2023 begin?

Dashain 2023 begins on the 15th of October and lasts for fifteen days, with Vijaya Dashami falling on the 31st of October.

3. What are the essential rituals of Dashain?

The essential rituals of Dashain include worshipping goddess Durga, receiving tika and jamara from elders, and performing animal sacrifices as offerings.

4. How do people prepare for Dashain?

People prepare for Dashain by cleaning their homes, buying new clothes, and shopping for gifts and offerings.

5. How does Dashain impact Nepali society?

Dashain has a significant impact on Nepali society, boosting the economy, fostering social cohesion, and strengthening community bonds.

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Essay on Dashain: The Festival of Unity

Biggest Festival of Nepali People – Dashai [2024 Updated]

Dashain represents unity, the win of truth, and the start of happiness. It generally falls in the Nepali month of Ashwin (September). This festival starts from Ghatasthapana and ends on the day of Vijaya Dashami. On the first day of Dashain, i.e. Ghatasthapana, people grow seedlings Known as, Jamara in the holy corner of their homes.

The first nine days of the festivals are known as Navaratri, where the goddess Durga is worshipped. The seventh day i.e. Fulpati is the day when the priest helps to bring the Jamara from the Gorkha Durbar to Hanuman Dhoka in Kathmandu. From the day of Fulpati until the ninth day, people offer goats, ducks, buffaloes, and other birds or animals as sacrifices to Goddess Durga. The tenth day or Vijaya Dashami is the main Tika Festival of Dashain.

The Taleju Temple, which is normally closed on the other day, is open once a year on the ninth day. Many worshippers visit the goddess to pay respect, all day long the temple is filled with worshippers.

Table of Contents

Day 10: Bijaya Dashami

On the main day of the festival i.e. Vijaya Dashami , people put Tika (made from red-colored rice seeds) on their forehead and Jamara on their head, receiving blessings for good health, long life, happiness, wealth, and prosperity. Elders bless younger relatives and give them Dakshina. The tradition of putting tika from all elderly relatives (even distant relatives) helps in the renewal of the community toes greatly. This is one of the reasons for the festivals for the strong and positive celebration.

Dashain is a festival where families come together to celebrate and have fun. Schools, offices, and businesses are closed and the people who live far away return home to celebrate with their family.

When was Dashain Tika in 2023?

What is the biggest festival in Nepal?

Dashain is one of the most important 15-day-long festivals celebrated in Nepal.

How many days do we celebrate Dashain?

Dashain is an auspicious festival which is celebrated for fifteen days throughout the country.

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Why is Dashain a time of great rejoicing and festivity for Nepalis

Sanjeeb Phuyal

Dashain is an important festival for a majority of Nepali people and the country goes for the longest holiday. The entire country plunges into a festive mood with more than half of the population leaving the Capital to their respective villages and towns across the country for the annual celebration and family reunions. The festival usually falls in September and October depending on the lunar calendar. Though people from different ethnic groups and cultures celebrate the festival according to their own traditions, much of the things remain common among people from diverse cultural backgrounds—eating, drinking and merry-making. Traditional swings, kite flying, playing cards and animal sacrifices are common activities associated with Dashain. Not just confined to a specific religion or caste, the festival is observed with equal enthusiasm by the Nepali diaspora and other Nepali speaking community living outside Nepal.

Here are 10 things that define Dashain:

1. Popular festival: Dashain is the most popular festival that has transcended the cultural and religious boundaries as it appears rooted in our ancient way of living and evolved with time. Perhaps the only festival observed by people from across the cultures and religious belief. It is the time when the government offices, banks and private companies give additional festival allowances to their employees. This custom adds flavour to the festival and gives more excitement to the people. This festival is also deemed as an occasion to put aside old animosities and start everything afresh. Even political parties believing in different ideologies, who mostly remain at loggerheads throughout the year, organise programmes to mark the festive season and vow to reconcile their differences.

2. Homecoming and biggest annual travel rush : People, who have left their ancestral homes for jobs, education and better economic opportunities, return to the country or their villages during Dashain. Thousands of Nepali people living abroad, mostly working as migrant workers in the Gulf countries and Malaysia, return home for Dashain. Around three million people leave Kathmandu Valley , making the capital city almost empty. The festival brings vibrancy in the villages that are being deserted as a growing number of people are migrating to cities and foreign countries. The annual travel rush causes the airfare and bus fares to go up . As ticket prices skyrocket during Dashain, every year travellers have to deal with long queues and scalpers while attempting to buy the tickets.

3. Time to buy new things: Traditionally, Dashain is the time to buy new things, mostly clothes. Perhaps driven by the belief that Dashain is an auspicious time to make any kind of purchases, it has been a tradition across the country to buy important things from clothes to vehicles to any other household goods. Many children in Nepal still have to wait until Dashain to get a new pair of clothes. Even the business enterprises target the festival time to launch new products in the market and give festive discounts to attract potential buyers. This shopping and selling spree can be seen in every market across the country. As the festival approaches, people head to the market to buy the things necessary for Dashain. However, this rush can cause an unpleasant experience for shoppers in an overcrowded Kathmandu in the lead-up to the Dashain.

4. Picture perfect weather: September-October is probably the best time of the year across the country regardless of its diverse terrain—mountains, hills and plains. The sky is mostly azure and sometimes dotted with autumn clouds as the monsoon season comes to an end and the chilly winter is still a couple of months away. During Dashain, the weather itself evokes exuberance and vitality. Though the tradition of celebrating the festival at this time dates back to time immemorial, it still seems relevant for the biggest festival.

Farmers usually take a break from their farm work after harvesting the crops before Dashain. Apart from the weather conditions, the time chosen for the festival seems perfect even for a majority of the Nepali populace, who are still agrarian and rural in nature. They are free from farming activities before they head back to their fields for harvesting the crops.

5. Worship of Goddess Durga: Besides merry-making, Dashain has a religious and spiritual significance. The festival is dedicated to Goddess Navadurga when nine different manifestations of the goddess are worshiped for nine days. On the first day of the Dashain, an altar of the deity is consecrated at homes and worshipped for nine days by reading a holy scripture. The scripture is about how goddess Durga slayed the demon king Mahishasura to restore order in the world after he troubled the inhabitants of all three worlds—earth, heaven and hell. According to legend, goddess Durga fought for ten days before killing the demon. Hence, Dashain is celebrated to mark the triumph of good over evil. People visit various temples of the goddess, offer worship and read scriptures during the first nine days of Dashain.

6. Food and animal sacrifice: Animal sacrifices are very common during Dashain. A large number of animals and birds are sacrificed as part of Dashain rituals in different temples of goddess Durga including Hanuman Dhoka in Kathmandu during Ashtami and Nawami. People sacrifice goats , buffalos, pigs, chickens, and ducks at their homes on the day of Maha Ashtami. There is also a tradition of sacrificing animals when people worship their vehicles on the ninth day of the Navaratri. Dashain is the time for indulging in meat, which is almost synonymous with the festival. Though eating meat could still be a luxury for many Nepalis, people from all income levels either sacrifice an animal at their homes or purchase a lot of meat for Dashain. Those who do not eat meat also binge on other vegetable-based cuisines and sweets of their liking.

7. Jamara and Tika : Jamara is another important and integral part of Dashain festival. As part of the religious tradition, on the day of Ghatasthapana , people bring sand from the river and sow barley seeds mixed with wheat and corn. The seeds, sown alongside the altar of goddess Durga, are watered every morning and evening. The seeds sprout and grow into yellow grass called Jamara. On the tenth day of Dashain, the sacred grass is given with Tika (a mix of rice, vermillion powder and yogurt) as blessings of Goddess Durga to younger people by senior members of the family. People visit their relatives and someone they respect for blessings and Tika until Kojagrat Purnima, when the 15-day festival comes to an end.

8. Linge ping (swing) and ferris wheel: It would be impossible to imagine a Dashain without swings—be it Linge Ping or traditional wooden ferris wheel. Linge pings or swings fixed high up two pairs of bamboo poles are seen in every other Tole or village during Dashain. There is a saying that one has to hop on a swing and detach oneself from the earth at least once during Dashain. Children and young people are seen swarming the swings all over the country. The value of swing during the festival, at least for this generation, can’t be replaced with anything else. However, the activity is gradually disappearing .

9. Kite flying and gambling: Flying kite is another thing that defines Dashain and the autumn season. During Dashain holidays, the weather condition with the gently blowing wind would be perfect for flying kites. Apart from feasting, friends would come together for flying a kite as part of Dashain celebrations. Only a few years ago, the skies of Kathmandu used to be dotted with kites of different colours around Dashain time. People from different neighbourhoods would engage in kite battle s trying to bring down another kite. However, the culture of kite flying is fast disappearing due to the penetration of mobile phones and the internet. In addition, gambling for fun is another common pastime, famous even among those who are averse to the idea of gambling. Family members, friends and relatives meet to play cards; people even slip away to their neighbourhood to take part in dice rolling or other gambling games.

10. Time for travelling: With the modernisation of the Nepali society and growth in their incomes, people have started travelling outside the country during the festival holiday. The number of people going abroad for holiday has been increasing in recent years. Apart from feasting and returning to ancestral home for family get-together, many people also go trekking and visit domestic tourist destinations . Though a relatively new concept, travelling during festivals is gaining popularity among the Nepalis as travel agencies are offering attractive tour packages.

Sanjeeb Phuyal Sanjeeb Phuyal is the online editor for The Kathmandu Post. He oversees breaking news reports on the web and produces content for The Post's digital platforms.

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Dashain and Tihar (Greatest Festivals of Nepalese)

Nepal is a country rich in culture and traditions. The varieties of festivals and occasions we celebrate carry their own significance. The main festivals of Nepalese are the Dashain and the Tihar which they choose to celebrate with their close friends, relatives and family.

Dashain “The Greatest Festival of Nepalese”

Among the festivals we celebrate, Dashain being the greatest one for Nepalese is always celebrated with the zeal and in joyful ways. It is celebrated almost for 15 days in the month of October; 1st, 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th days are the most important.

The 1st day is welcomed following the rituals of ‘Ghatsthapana’ by worshiping Goddess Durga for 9 consecutive days. The main day is called ‘Dashami’ which is also known as ‘Vijaya Dashami’, the day when Goddess Durga got victory over the demons. On this day the seniors of the family put ‘Tika’ and ‘Jamara’ giving blessings to their younger ones.

The special money given to the younger ones is received as ‘Dakchhina’. This day is like a family reunion where everyone enjoys with the varieties of food, playing cards, flying kites, etc. Dashain not only reunites the families and friends but it also gives the working people time to relax and enjoy with family.

Day 1 – Ghatasthapana: Invocation of Goddess Shailaputri:

Ghatasthapana marks the initiation of Dashain with the establishment of the sacred kalash (water-filled vessel). Goddess Shailaputri, the first manifestation of Goddess Durga, is worshipped on this day. She represents new beginnings and embodies the power of nature. Devotees seek her blessings for a prosperous and fruitful festival.

Day 2 – Dwitiya: Adoration of Goddess Brahmacharini:

On Dwitiya, Goddess Brahmacharini is revered. She symbolizes dedication, purity, and self-discipline. Worshipping her encourages devotees to embrace righteous paths and attain spiritual enlightenment.

Day 3 – Tritiya: Devotion to Goddess Chandraghanta:

Goddess Chandraghanta, worshipped on Tritiya, showcases her bravery and grace. Her half-moon-adorned forehead inspires courage. By honoring her, individuals seek protection from negativities and inner strength to overcome challenges.

Day 4 – Chaturthi: Reverence for Goddess Kushmanda:

Chaturthi is dedicated to Goddess Kushmanda, the creator of the universe. She radiates cosmic energy and blesses devotees with vitality and well-being. Her worship signifies the importance of energy and life force.

Day 5 – Panchami: Praise of Goddess Skandamata:

Goddess Skandamata, worshipped on Panchami, is the mother of Lord Skanda (Kartikeya). She represents motherly love and protection. Devotees seek her blessings for nurturing relationships and safeguarding their loved ones.

Day 6 – Shashthi: Reverence for Goddess Katyayani:

Goddess Katyayani, revered on Shashthi, epitomizes strength and courage. She is the warrior goddess who defeats evil forces. Worshipping her instills determination and the will to overcome adversities.

Day 7 – Saptami: Adoration of Goddess Kalaratri:

Goddess Kalaratri, worshipped on Saptami, embodies the fierce and destructive form of Durga. She annihilates darkness and negativity, paving the way for light and positivity in life. Her worship symbolizes the victory of good over evil.

Day 8 – Ashtami: Worship of Goddess Mahagauri:

On Ashtami, Goddess Mahagauri is venerated. She radiates purity and grace, signifying the triumph of righteousness. Her worship purifies the mind and soul, granting inner peace and spiritual growth.

Day 9 – Navami: Devotion to Goddess Siddhidatri:

Goddess Siddhidatri, worshipped on Navami, grants divine knowledge and spiritual enlightenment. She blesses devotees with achievements and accomplishments, both material and spiritual. Her worship symbolizes the culmination of the Navadurga manifestations.

Day 10 – Dashami (Vijaya Dashami): Celebration of Goddess Durga’s Victory:

Vijaya Dashami is the pinnacle of Dashain, honoring Goddess Durga’s victory over the demon Mahishasura. She represents the ultimate power of femininity and the vanquisher of evil forces. On this day, families come together to seek her blessings through the Tika and Jamara ceremony, symbolizing the triumph of good over evil.

Tihar “The Festival of Lights”

The festival usually falls in the month of October or November, celebrated for five days worshiping 4 different animals i.e. Kaag Tihar (Crow Tihar), Kukur Tihar (Dog Tihar), Gai Tihar (Cow Tihar)- the main day to worship the goddess of wealth, Laxmi, Goru Tihar (Ox Tihar) and the 5th day is celebrated as ‘ Bhaitika ’ which signifies and carries great importance for the love and concern between brothers and sisters.

The sisters put the seven colors Tika on the brother’s forehead and pray for their longer life and progress. Tihar always brings excitement and jolly mood in the families and friends; playing ‘Deusi-bhailo’ and trying the best to welcome goddess Laxmi, who is believed to bring the happiness and wealth in the life of everyone.

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Dashain: A Guide to Nepal’s Most Celebrated Festival

Welcome to Nepal’s most anticipated and cherished festival – Dashain! The country gears up for this grand celebration. Join us on a journey filled with vibrant colors. Experience captivating rituals and a sense of deep cultural significance. Dashain, also known as Vijaya Dashami , is a 15-day-long festival with immense religious and social importance in Nepal. It symbolizes the victory of good over evil. It is a time for Nepalese communities to come together and rejoice. They also pay homage to the goddess Durga and other deities.

During this auspicious period, streets are adorned with beautifully crafted swings. Vibrant kites fill the sky. Homes are decorated with marigold garlands and auspicious symbols. Families gather to offer prayers, receive tika (a mark on the forehead), and exchange blessings and gifts.

Join us as we delve into Dashain’s various rituals and customs. These include the magnificent display of the sacred Jamara. You will also experience the exhilarating kite flying competition and the mouthwatering delicacies that dominate the festive feasts. Get ready to immerse yourself in the rich cultural heritage and festive spirit of Dashain. We will guide you through Nepal’s most celebrated and cherished festival.

Table of Contents

Significance of Dashain in Nepalese Culture

Dashain, celebrated with unparalleled enthusiasm, holds a special place in the hearts of Nepalese people. It is not merely a religious festival. It is a cultural extravaganza that unites the diverse ethnic groups and communities in Nepal. This festival typically falls in September or October. It marks the victory of Goddess Durga over the demon Mahishasura. This symbolizes the triumph of good over evil.

The central theme of Dashain is the worship of Goddess Durga, who is considered the divine protector of the country. The festival lasts for 15 days, with the last day, Vijaya Dashami, being the most crucial. On this day, elders give Tika and Jamara (barley grass) to their younger family members. They bless them with good fortune, health, and happiness.

The Mythological and Historical Background of Dashain

Dashain Festival, deeply ingrained in Hindu mythology, carries a profound blend of mythological and historical significance. It is a celebration that narrates the eternal triumph of good over evil. This is done through a rich tapestry of stories and legends. The primary mythological stories associated with Dashain are as follows:

Goddess Durga and Mahishasura:

In the realm of Hindu mythology, a formidable demon named Mahishasura unleashed chaos and misery upon the Earth. The gods, powerless to confront this malevolent force individually, united their divine energies to forge the warrior goddess Durga. Adorned with celestial armaments, Durga engaged in a relentless nine-day and nine-night battle with Mahishasura. On the tenth day, she emerged victorious, vanquishing the demon and restoring harmony and order to the world. Dashain reveres this victory, with the initial nine days dedicated to the veneration of Durga in her various manifestations. The culminating day, known as Vijaya Dashami, serves as an exultant celebration of her conquest over malevolence.

Lord Rama and Ravana:

Another prominent narrative intertwined with Dashain is the tale of Lord Rama and the demon king, Ravana. Ravana, driven by sinister motives, had abducted Rama’s beloved wife, Sita, and detained her in his dominion of Lanka. Empowered by an army of primates, Rama received divine intervention from Goddess Durga. He embarked on an arduous campaign against Ravana. After an intense clash, Rama vanquished Ravana, rescued Sita, and symbolized the ascendancy of virtue over malevolence. The victory of Lord Rama over Ravana is also celebrated on the tenth day of Dashain, Vijaya Dashami.

These timeless narratives have resounding relevance in contemporary Dashain festivities. Throughout the 15 days of the festival, people engage in rituals, invocations, and merriments that pay homage to these sagas. They revere Goddess Durga and implore her blessings while commemorating the ultimate conquest of good over evil. These mythological narratives serve as enduring reminders of the enduring significance of morality. They also highlight the importance of determination and the omnipotent force of righteousness in surmounting adversity. Dashain, in essence, becomes a living testament to these eternal stories and their resonance in Nepalese culture.

The 15 Days of Dashain: Rituals and Traditions

Dashain, Nepal’s most celebrated festival, is a 15-day extravaganza. It is steeped in rituals, traditions, and observances. Each carries its own unique significance and symbolism. Let’s embark on a journey through these 15 days, exploring the main days and their associated customs:

• Ghatasthapana (Day 1): Dashain begins with Ghatasthapana , the planting of seeds. People create a small altar made of sand and soil, sowing barley, wheat, or corn seeds. This act symbolizes the promise of prosperity, which will be nurtured throughout the festival.
• Days 2-6: Over these days, the worship of Goddess Durga continues. People offer prayers. They maintain the altar where the seeds were planted. This fosters a sense of spiritual connection throughout the festival.
• Fulpati (Day 7): Fulpati signifies abundance and prosperity. On this day, a procession carries offerings. These offerings include flowers, fruits, and leaves. They are brought from the ancestral royal palace in Gorkha to the Hanuman Dhoka palace in Kathmandu. Many households also conduct their own Fulpati rituals.
• Maha Asthami (Day 8): This day is dedicated to Goddess Kali, the fierce form of Durga. Maha Asthami involves special prayers and offerings. It also includes the significant but controversial practice of animal sacrifices. These sacrifices occur both in temples and households, seeking Kali’s blessings and protection.
• Maha Navami (Day 9): The ninth day is dedicated to Goddess Durga and her myriad forms. Offerings and animal sacrifices continue. This time, they are to appease the goddess. They also honor the vehicles of various gods and goddesses, such as the elephant, tiger, and bull.
• Vijaya Dashami (Day 10): The pinnacle of Dashain, Vijaya Dashami celebrates the victory of good over evil. On this day, families congregate. A touching tradition unfolds. Younger members receive Tika (a mixture of rice, yogurt, and vermilion) and blessings from their elders. The red, white, and black Tika symbolize power, purity, and knowledge. Many also believe this day to be auspicious for commencing new ventures, hoping for success in their undertakings.
• Days 11-14: The celebratory spirit continues over these days. Families visit one another and exchange Tika. They offer blessings and revel in shared feasts. This fosters a sense of unity and togetherness.
• Kojagrata Purnima (Day 15): The fifteenth and final day of Dashain is known as Kojagrata Purnima. It is also called “the night of awakening.” On this day, people worship Laxmi, the goddess of wealth, praying for prosperity and good fortune.

The 15 days of Dashain bring together various cultural elements and practices. They not only honor Nepal’s rich history. They also strengthen the bonds between family and community members. These rituals and traditions serve as a testament to the enduring significance of the festival. The festival celebrates the victory of good over evil and the enduring values of unity, spirituality, and prosperity.

Ghatasthapana: The Commencement of Festivities

Ghatasthapana, the first day of the Dashain Festival, initiates the 15-day celebration. It begins with significant rituals and customs. These traditions are deeply ingrained in Nepalese culture.

Preparation of the Altar: The central act of Ghatasthapana involves the creation of a sacred sand and soil altar. It is typically placed in a prayer room or a clean, secluded corner of the house. This layered structure symbolizes the various realms of existence as per Hindu cosmology. In the heart of this altar sits the “Kalash.” It is a small clay or metal pot filled with holy water. It is covered with cow dung. The Kalash represents a vessel of abundance and prosperity.

Sowing Seeds: Once the altar is prepared, seeds of barley, wheat, or corn are sown on the surface. These seeds, known as “Jamara,” require meticulous care throughout the 15 days of the festival. They are watered daily and kept in a warm, dark place to facilitate their growth, symbolizing life, fertility, and prosperity.

Invocation of Goddess Durga: Central to Ghatasthapana is the invocation of Goddess Durga. As the divine embodiment of power, strength, and protection, Durga is worshipped fervently during Dashain. The rituals on this day encompass offering prayers, lighting lamps or incense, and reciting mantras dedicated to the goddess.

Astrological Considerations: Ghatasthapana is meticulously timed based on astrological calculations. Many believe that starting the ritual during this specific auspicious window ensures the goddess’s continued blessings. It also provides protection throughout the festival.

Ghatasthapana marks the inception of the Dashain Festival, which holds a profound religious and cultural significance. The rituals and customs performed on this day set the stage for the subsequent festivities. They invoke the blessings of Goddess Durga for a prosperous and joyous Dashain.

Fulpati: A Celebration of Prosperity and Abundance

Fulpati, the seventh day of the Dashain Festival, serves as a vibrant celebration of prosperity and abundance. This auspicious day features a colorful procession. It occurs both at the community level and within households. There are also numerous customs and traditions.

Fulpati Procession: Historically, the royal family would lead the Fulpati procession. They carried offerings from their ancestral palace in Gorkha to the Hanuman Dhoka palace in Kathmandu. This grand procession included offerings like flowers, leaves, fruits, sugarcane, and other elements symbolizing prosperity and abundance. While the monarchy no longer exists in Nepal, the tradition endures, with government officials partaking in the procession.

Household Rituals: Many families throughout Nepal conduct their own Fulpati rituals at home. They assemble a Fulpati assortment, featuring flowers, leaves, and fruits, which is placed on their prayer altars. Prayers and offerings are made to various gods and goddesses, seeking blessings for a bountiful harvest and an abundant year.

Preparations for Maha Asthami and Maha Navami: As Fulpati commences the more intense phase of celebrations. Preparations for the eighth and ninth days of Dashain, Maha Asthami and Maha Navami, are set in motion. People diligently clean their homes, collect ingredients for traditional feasts, and make arrangements for the impending animal sacrifices and offerings.

Fulpati is a pivotal day in the Dashain Festival, signifying prosperity and abundance. The rituals, processions, and cultural performances that accompany Fulpati bolster community bonds. They showcase Nepal’s vibrant culture. They invoke blessings for a fruitful and prosperous year ahead.

Maha Asthami: A Day Dedicated to Goddess Kali

Maha Asthami, the eighth day of the Dashain Festival, is a day dedicated to Goddess Kali. She is one of Durga’s fierce and powerful forms. This day is marked by special prayers, offerings, and the practice of animal sacrifices in temples and households across Nepal. The customs and traditions associated with Maha Asthami include:

Worship of Goddess Kali: On Maha Asthami, devotees engage in the worship of Goddess Kali. She is believed to embody the destructive power of time. She is also seen as the force that annihilates evil. The rituals include offering prayers. They also include lighting lamps or incense. Devotees make offerings to the goddess to seek her blessings and protection.

Animal Sacrifices: A prominent ritual on Maha Asthami is the offering of animal sacrifices, notably goats, buffaloes, and chickens. These sacrifices are made in temples and household altars, symbolizing the surrender of ego and negative qualities. The meat from these sacrifices is cooked and consumed as “Prasad,” or blessed food, by the worshippers.

Kalaratri or “Black Night” Observance: The night of Maha Asthami is known as Kalaratri, which translates to “Black Night.” It is believed that on this night, Goddess Kali descends to earth. She comes in her most fierce form to eradicate evil and darkness. To honor this belief, people light lamps, torches, and bonfires. They also participate in various religious and cultural activities throughout the night.

Worship of Weapons: As Goddess Kali embodies power and the destruction of evil, she is worshipped. The weapons used in the battle against malevolence are also worshipped on Maha Asthami. This ritual, known as “Astra Puja” or “Ayudha Puja,” involves the reverence of weapons, tools, and equipment. These are used in various professions. The ritual seeks blessings for their effective and safe use.

Maha Asthami is a significant day in the Dashain Festival. It is dedicated to the worship of Goddess Kali and the celebration of her power to eliminate evil. The rituals, prayers, and offerings of this day serve as a reminder of the eternal struggle between good and evil. They emphasize the importance of seeking divine protection and guidance in overcoming life’s challenges.

Maha Navami: Honoring the Many Forms of Goddess Durga

Maha Navami, the ninth day of the Dashain Festival, is dedicated to Goddess Durga and her myriad manifestations. This day is marked by special prayers, offerings, and animal sacrifices in temples and households across Nepal. The customs and traditions associated with Maha Navami include:

Worship of Goddess Durga: On Maha Navami, devotees worship Goddess Durga in her various forms. They offer prayers, light lamps or incense, and make offerings to seek her blessings and protection. This day holds particular significance for the worship of Durga. She believed in granting boons and fulfilling the wishes of her devotees.

Animal Sacrifices: Animal sacrifices are a vital part of the Maha Navami rituals. Goats, buffaloes, and chickens are offered as sacrifices in temples. They are also offered at household altars. These acts symbolize the surrender of ego and negative qualities. The meat from these sacrifices is cooked and consumed as “Prasad,” the blessed food.

Vahan (Vehicle) Puja/Bishwokarma Puja: Maha Navami is also associated with the worship of the vehicles of various gods and goddesses. Devotees perform rituals to honor and seek blessings from the divine carriers. These include the elephant (Ganesha’s vehicle), the tiger (Durga’s vehicle), and the bull (Shiva’s vehicle). This practice is believed to ensure safety and protection during travel.

Worship of Tools and Instruments: Like the worship of weapons on Maha Asthami, Maha Navami also includes the worship of tools. Instruments and equipment used in various professions are also worshipped. This ritual, known as “Vishwakarma Puja,” is performed to seek blessings. It ensures the effective and safe use of these instruments in daily life.

Maha Navami holds significant importance in the Dashain Festival. It is dedicated to the worship of Goddess Durga. The day celebrates her power to protect and guide her devotees. The rituals, prayers, and offerings of this day serve as a reminder to seek divine guidance and protection. These practices help overcome life’s challenges and achieve success in various aspects of life.

Vijaya Dashami: The Grand Celebration of Victory

Vijaya Dashami is the tenth day of the Dashain Festival. It is the grand celebration that commemorates the victory of good over evil. It symbolizes the triumph of Goddess Durga over the demon Mahishasura and Lord Rama’s vanquishing of the demon king Ravana. This day is filled with various rituals, traditions, and festivities that hold great significance in Nepalese culture.

Receiving Tika and Blessings from Elders: Vijaya Dashami is a day when family members come together. Younger members receive Tika from their elders. Tika is a mixture of rice, yogurt, and vermilion, which is applied to the forehead as a blessing. Along with the Tika, the elders give blessings known as “Jamara.” These are the sprouted barley, wheat, or corn seeds sown on Ghatasthapana. The Tika and blessings symbolize the transfer of power, strength, and wisdom. They also represent the bestowal of good fortune from the elders to the younger generation.

Family Reunions and Gatherings: Vijaya Dashami is a time for family reunions. People travel back to their hometowns and ancestral homes to be with their loved ones. Family gatherings are an integral part of the celebration, with people exchanging greetings, blessings, and indulging in festive feasts. Traditional dishes, such as goat meat, known as “Khasi Ko Masu,” are prepared and shared among family members.

Kite Flying and Cultural Programs: Vijaya Dashami includes family-oriented celebrations. It is also marked by various outdoor activities. Some of these activities include kite flying. Kite flying symbolizes the victory of good over evil and is a source of great joy. Additionally, cultural programs, dance performances, and music events are organized in communities and cities throughout Nepal. These events showcase the rich and vibrant culture of the country.

Auspicious Beginnings: Many people believe that Vijaya Dashami is an auspicious day to start new ventures, businesses, or projects. It is common for individuals to initiate important tasks. They also make significant purchases or lay the foundation for new constructions on this day. They hope for success and prosperity.

Vijaya Dashami is the highlight of the Dashain Festival, celebrated with tremendous enthusiasm and joy. It is a time for family, blessings, and the sharing of happiness. This symbolizes the victory of good over evil. It also highlights the significance of unity and togetherness in Nepalese culture.

Kojagrata Purnima: The Final Day of Dashain

Kojagrata Purnima, the fifteenth and final day of the Dashain Festival, is also known as “Laxmi Puja” or “Sharad Purnima.” This day is dedicated to Goddess Laxmi, the deity of wealth, prosperity, and good fortune. The customs and traditions associated with Kojagrata Purnima include:

Worship of Goddess Laxmi: On Kojagrata Purnima, devotees worship Goddess Laxmi by offering prayers. They also light lamps or incense. Offerings such as flowers, fruits, and sweets are made. The goddess is believed to visit and bless those who keep their homes and hearts open for her arrival. She bestows wealth, prosperity, and good fortune upon them.

Kojagrata or “Staying Awake”: The term “Kojagrata” means staying awake. On this night, devotees remain awake and engage in various religious, cultural, and social activities. People sing, dance, and play games. They share stories celebrating the blessings of Goddess Laxmi. They also celebrate the completion of the Dashain Festival.

Special Food and Drinks: Kojagrata Purnima is also a time for enjoying special food and drinks. Traditional sweets, such as “Sel Roti” (deep-fried rice flour rings) and “Anarsa” (sweet rice flour fritters), are prepared. These are shared among family members and friends. A special milk-based pudding called “Kheer” is also prepared. It is consumed on this night. This symbolizes the sweetness and abundance of life.

Kojagrata Purnima marks the end of the Dashain Festival, dedicated to celebrating wealth, prosperity, and good fortune. The rituals, prayers, and offerings of this day serve as a reminder. They emphasize the importance of seeking divine blessings for a prosperous and fulfilling life. They also remind us to express gratitude for the blessings already received.

Dashain Food and Feasting

No Nepali festival is complete without an array of delicious dishes. Dashain is no exception, and the festival’s cuisine plays a significant role in the celebrations. Traditional Nepali dishes like “sel roti” (a ring-shaped rice bread) are abundant during this time. “Khasi ko masu” (goat meat curry) is also plentiful. Another popular dish is “aloo tama” (potato and bamboo shoot curry). Furthermore, “sukuti” (dried meat) is commonly made. The feast is a time to indulge in culinary delights and strengthen the bonds between family members.

Dashain Games and Activities

Dashain brings a host of entertaining games and activities. Among them, kite flying is perhaps the most beloved. The clear skies, colorful kites, and the thrill of cutting an opponent’s string make it an exhilarating pastime. Card games, particularly “marriage,” are also a common way to pass the time with family and friends.

Dashain Decorations and Symbols

The festival is marked by the display of “Jamara,” which is barley grass grown in a clay pot. This Jamara symbolizes good fortune and prosperity and is often distributed by elders to younger family members. Another significant symbol of Dashain is the “Tika.” It is a mixture of yogurt, rice, and vermillion. The Tika is applied to the foreheads of family members as a blessing.

Houses are also decorated with “rangoli” (colorful patterns) at their entrances. Marigold garlands are hung as decorations to welcome the Goddess Durga into the home.

Dashain Shopping and Preparations

The lead-up to Dashain is a bustling time in Nepal. People engage in extensive shopping to buy new clothes and gifts for their loved ones. Markets are filled with vibrant clothes, jewelry, and various items needed for the festival. Homes are cleaned and renovated, and the entire atmosphere is charged with anticipation.

Families start planning their feasts, and the purchase of animals for sacrifice begins well in advance. The Dashain season is a time for both spiritual and material preparations, creating a sense of excitement and community.

Dashain Celebrations Across Nepal

The celebrations of Dashain vary across different regions of Nepal due to the country’s rich ethnic diversity. In the Terai region, for example, people celebrate Dashain with great fervor, often hosting large animal sacrifices and elaborate feasts. In the hilly and mountainous regions, the celebrations tend to be more traditional and family-oriented.

Kathmandu, Nepal’s capital, experiences a unique fusion of tradition and modernity during Dashain. The city is adorned with colorful kites and decorations. The temples are packed with worshippers seeking the blessings of the Goddess.

Dashain Celebrations Beyond Nepal

Dashain, the most celebrated festival in Nepal, is not confined to the borders of this picturesque Himalayan nation. Its cultural significance and the Nepalese diaspora have allowed Dashain to transcend geographic boundaries. The festival has extended its influence to neighboring countries and regions with Nepalese communities worldwide. Let’s explore how Dashain is celebrated beyond Nepal:

India: In India, Dashain is celebrated with immense enthusiasm. This is especially true in states with substantial Nepalese populations like Sikkim, West Bengal, and Assam. People in these regions follow similar customs and rituals observed in Nepal. Family gatherings, grand celebrations, and the exchange of blessings and Tika are common practices. In other parts of India, the festival of Dussehra is celebrated concurrently with fervor.

Bhutan: The Nepalese community residing in Bhutan also observes Dashain. The celebrations might not be as grand as in Nepal. The festival includes rituals like receiving Tika from elders. It includes offering prayers and preparing special meals. These activities help maintain cultural ties for the Nepalese diaspora in Bhutan.

Myanmar and Tibet: Nepalese communities in Myanmar and Tibet continue to celebrate Dashain. This keeps their cultural heritage alive. They manage to do this even while living away from their homeland. The festival serves as a strong link to their Nepalese roots and traditions.

Nepalese Diaspora: Nepalese communities in countries like the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, and Canada organize Dashain celebrations. These events foster a sense of unity and cultural connection. These events typically feature cultural programs, traditional music and dance performances, and community gatherings. The rituals of Tika and blessings are observed, and traditional Nepalese dishes are prepared and shared among participants.

Cross-Cultural Influence: In some instances, Dashain celebrations might overlap or blend with local festivals and customs in the host country. This leads to a unique cultural fusion. For example, the Hindu festivals of Navaratri and Dashera, celebrated in India, share some similarities with Dashain. Both festivals honor Goddess Durga and her triumph over evil, which reflects a common cultural thread among these neighboring regions.

By celebrating Dashain beyond Nepal, Nepalese communities worldwide play a vital role in preserving and promoting their cultural heritage. These celebrations serve as a bridge to connect people with their Nepalese roots. They enable the sharing of traditions with a broader audience. These celebrations help maintain a sense of identity and belonging, even when residing far from their homeland. Dashain’s influence is a testament to the enduring power of culture and the resilience of community bonds.

Dashain Festivals and Events

While Dashain is the grandest festival in Nepal , it is not the only one. Other notable festivals during the year include Tihar (the festival of lights). Holi is the festival of colors. Indra Jatra is celebrated in Kathmandu to honor Lord Indra, the god of rain. Each of these festivals brings its own unique customs, traditions, and celebrations, showcasing Nepal’s rich cultural tapestry.

Experiencing Dashain as a Visitor to Nepal

Nepal’s Dashain Festival is a vibrant and culturally significant celebration. It offers visitors a unique opportunity to immerse themselves in the rich tapestry of Nepalese culture. Here are some tips and suggestions for experiencing Dashain as a visitor to Nepal:

Plan Your Trip:

• Check the dates: Dashain typically falls in September or October, depending on the lunar calendar. Be sure to confirm the exact dates for the year of your visit, as they may vary.
• Adjust your itinerary: Some businesses and tourist attractions may be closed during Dashain. Plan your travel and activities accordingly.

Engage with Locals:

• Connect with Nepalese friends: If you have Nepalese friends or acquaintances, consider joining them for Dashain celebrations. Many families welcome visitors and are eager to share their customs and traditions.
• Cultural exchange: Engaging with locals provides a deeper understanding of Dashain’s cultural significance. Ask questions, participate in activities, and learn about the festival from those who celebrate it.

Attend Community Events:

• Explore local festivities: Dashain brings various community events to life. These include cultural programs, traditional music and dance performances, and sports competitions. Attending these events will allow you to experience the festive atmosphere and witness traditional Nepalese celebrations.

Visit Temples and Religious Sites:

• Observe rituals: Dashain is a religious festival, and many people visit temples and shrines to offer prayers and worship deities. As a visitor, you can respectfully observe the rituals and ceremonies taking place at these sites.
• Dress appropriately: When visiting religious places, ensure you dress modestly and adhere to local customs.

Taste Traditional Cuisine:

• Savor Nepalese dishes: Dashain is a time for feasting, and trying traditional Nepalese cuisine is a must. Sample festive foods such as sel roti (a traditional rice-based doughnut), masu (meat dishes), and various vegetable curries. You can find these dishes in local restaurants or by attending community events where food is served.

Observe and Participate in Customs:

• Learn about traditions: Familiarize yourself with the different customs and rituals associated with Dashain. These include Tika (the blessing mark on the forehead). They also include receiving blessings from elders, kite flying, and the preparation of traditional meals. Understanding and respecting these traditions will enhance your experience.
• Join in when invited. If you are asked to participate in any of the customs or rituals, do so with respect. Show enthusiasm. This is a great way to connect with locals and be part of the celebrations.

Learn About Dashain’s Significance:

• Explore the stories and legends. Understand the myths and legends associated with Dashain. These include the victory of Goddess Durga over the demon Mahishasura. Learning about the festival’s cultural and religious significance will deepen your appreciation of the celebrations.

Be Respectful:

• Respect local customs: As a visitor, it’s essential to be respectful of local customs, traditions, and religious beliefs during Dashain. Dress modestly, follow local etiquette, and always ask for permission before taking photographs of people or ceremonies.

Experiencing Dashain as a visitor to Nepal is an opportunity to engage with a vibrant and culturally significant festival. Tourists can participate in local celebrations. They can also attend community events and respect customs and traditions. This allows them to immerse themselves in the festive atmosphere and create lasting memories of their time in Nepal.

Conclusion and Personal Experiences with Dashain

In conclusion, Dashain is a festival that embodies the heart and soul of Nepal. It represents the unity, devotion, and cultural richness of the Nepalese people. The festival’s rituals, traditions, food, games, decorations, and shopping all come together to create an atmosphere of joy and togetherness.

I have had the privilege of experiencing Dashain in Nepal. I can attest to the deep sense of community and tradition that the festival imparts. The kite-flying competitions, the mouth-watering feasts, and the warmth of family gatherings make it a time of unforgettable memories.

Whether you are a native of Nepal or a visitor to this enchanting land, Dashain is an experience. It will leave an indelible mark on your heart. The festival is a testament to the enduring spirit of Nepal. Traditions and culture continue to thrive amidst the challenges of modernity. Dashain truly is a celebration of life, family, and the unbreakable bonds that tie us all together.

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Dashain Festival in Nepal: Celebrating Joy, Traditions, and Togetherness

The Dashain Festival celebrated with immense enthusiasm in Nepal, holds a special place in the hearts of the Nepalese people. This significant festival, also known as Vijaya Dashami, is a time of joy, togetherness, and cultural fervor. Rooted in ancient traditions and mythology, Dashain is an occasion that unites families, strengthens bonds, and highlights the rich cultural heritage of Nepal.

Significance of Dashain

Dashain, lasting for 15 days, marks the triumph of good over evil and is a celebration of the goddess Durga's victory over the demon Mahishasura. It symbolizes the victory of righteousness and is a time of renewal, self-reflection, and seeking blessings for the future.

Mythological Origins

The origins of Dashain can be traced back to Hindu mythology, where it is believed that the goddess Durga battled the formidable demon Mahishasura for nine days and nights before emerging victorious on the tenth day. This tale of courage, strength, and resilience sets the foundation for the festival's deep-rooted significance.

Pre-Festival Preparations

Days leading up to Dashain are bustling with activity as people engage in thorough cleaning, decorating their homes, shopping for new clothes, and gathering essentials for the celebrations. The air is filled with anticipation and excitement.

Ghatsthapana

The festival commences with Ghatsthapana, the ceremonial planting of barley seeds in clay pots. These pots are placed in homes and symbolize the goddess's presence. The sprouting of the seeds is believed to bring blessings.

Worship and Offerings

Throughout Dashain, homes are adorned with images of goddess Durga, and devotees engage in prayers, hymns, and offerings. The atmosphere is imbued with spirituality as families gather to seek blessings and express gratitude.

Tika, Jamara, and Blessings

On the main day of Dashain, elders apply tika (a mixture of yogurt, rice, and vermillion) and offer Jamara (barley shoots) to younger members of the family. This ritual symbolizes blessings of prosperity, longevity, and success.

Dashain Feasting

A key aspect of the festival is the lavish feasting that takes place. Families come together to share delectable meals, often consisting of traditional Nepali dishes. The feasting fosters a sense of unity and joy.

Reunion and Bonding

Dashain holds immense significance for family reunions. People travel from various parts of the country, and sometimes even abroad, to celebrate together. This strengthens family ties and creates lasting memories.

Cultural Delights

The festival is a cultural extravaganza, featuring various forms of art, music, and dance. Traditional performances showcase Nepal's rich cultural diversity and heritage, creating a vibrant and festive ambiance.

Flying Kites

Dashain coincides with the clear skies of autumn, making it an ideal time for kite flying. Colorful kites dot the sky, symbolizing freedom and joy. The sight of kites soaring high is a visual treat.

Fulfilling Family Values

The festival emphasizes the importance of family values and respect for elders. It serves as a reminder for the younger generation to uphold these values and pass them on to the next.

Animal Sacrifice

While controversial and debated, animal sacrifice is still practiced by some during Dashain. This ritual, rooted in ancient traditions, is believed to appease goddess Durga and ensure protection.

Symbolism and Beliefs

Dashain is rich with symbolism. The festival's various rituals and customs hold deep spiritual significance and are a reflection of Nepal's cultural tapestry and religious beliefs.

Regional Variations

While Dashain is celebrated throughout Nepal, there are variations in traditions and customs based on region. Each region adds its own unique flavor to the festival, making it a diverse and dynamic celebration.

Time of Reconciliation

Dashain also serves as a time for reconciliation and forgiveness. People mend broken relationships and come together to heal past wounds, fostering a sense of harmony and unity.

Colorful Attires

New clothes are an integral part of Dashain celebrations. People dress in vibrant, traditional attire, adding to the festive spirit and creating a visually stunning ambiance.

Giving and Receiving

The festival encourages acts of generosity and kindness. Gifts, both material and symbolic, are exchanged as tokens of love and appreciation, strengthening social bonds.

Embracing Generosity

Charity and giving back to the community are important aspects of Dashain. Many engage in philanthropic activities, helping those in need and embodying the spirit of compassion.

Spiritual Reflection

Dashain provides a time for spiritual reflection and self-assessment. It is an opportunity to contemplate one's actions, set new goals, and seek spiritual growth.

Renewal of Relationships

The festival acts as a catalyst for renewing friendships and relationships. It's a chance to reconnect with old friends and make new memories together.

Modern Dashain Celebrations

While traditional customs remain at the heart of Dashain, modern celebrations have incorporated new elements, including technological advancements and creative expressions, ensuring the festival's relevance in contemporary times.

What is Dashain?

Dashain is a major Hindu festival celebrated in Nepal, symbolizing the victory of good over evil.

How long does Dashain last?

Dashain spans 15 days, with various rituals and celebrations taking place during this period.

What is the significance of tika and jamara?

Tika and Jamara symbolize blessings of prosperity and success, bestowed by elders during the festival.

Is Dashain only celebrated by Hindus?

While Dashain has Hindu origins, people from various cultural backgrounds in Nepal partake in its celebrations.

What is the role of animal sacrifice in Dashain?

Animal sacrifice is a controversial aspect of Dashain, with some believing it appeases goddess Durga for protection.

How does Dashain promote family values?

Dashain emphasizes family reunions, respect for elders, and the importance of passing down traditions.

Are there regional differences in Dashain celebrations?

Yes, Dashain customs and traditions vary based on the region in Nepal.

How has Dashain evolved over time?

Modern Dashain celebrations incorporate new elements while keeping traditional customs alive.

What is the spiritual significance of Dashain?

Dashain offers a time for self-reflection, setting goals, and seeking spiritual growth.

How does Dashain foster generosity?

The festival encourages acts of charity, giving, and helping those in need.

In conclusion, the Dashain Festival in Nepal is a vibrant celebration that brings together tradition, spirituality, and togetherness. With its deep-rooted cultural significance and a blend of ancient customs and modern expressions, Dashain continues to be a cherished occasion that unites families, strengthens bonds, and enriches the lives of Nepalese people. This festival serves as a testament to the rich heritage and values of Nepal, making it an extraordinary and joyful experience for everyone involved.

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Dashain in Nepal is the largest and most culturally significant among all the Nepali festivals. Dashain festival symbolizes the victory of good over evil in the triumph of Durga over Mahishasur. This article discusses the Dashain in Nepal, which is celebrated in Nepal . Goddess Durga is a symbol of the trumped and true. It usually falls in September or October .

Dashain in Nepal is one of the significant festivals for Nepalese, and it often features a gathering of family members, smiling faces, prayer, and a call for prosperity and richness. The Nepalese quote says that a folk season is the only time when people have to go to their ancestors’ houses. The environment of the festive season will be very joyful and festive. Dashain, considered one of the best festivals of Nepalese society, is a national festival of Nepal that reflects the culture and traditions of the Nepalese people. 

Homes are swept and decorated, tables and chairs are laid, and unique dishes are prepared to eat. ‘Tika’ and ‘Jamara’ are symbols of our identity, belief, and culture that can be applied by our elders or as a blessing on our heads. It’s a mix of several, like yogurt and rice. The members of the young generation seek their blessing and receive gifts from the older people more often.

Importance of Dashain festival in Nepal

Nepalese people see Dashain as the triumph of the virtuous deity over the evil forces. The other case of the Hindu mythology that describes the same story in a varying way is also one of the factors. The festival of Dashain also comes in under the regular holidays as a symbolic triumph of the goddess Durga over Mahishasura, the demon. The Hindus narrate legends that Mahishasura was so swoonful of the other celestial divinities that he could not be defeated except by their joint efforts. 

After that, the gods were asked to create the goddess Durga, who could combat him. Devi completed Mahishasura’s nine days of war, thereby freeing the universe from an unending war. This legend is a case of opposing evils with truth and the idea that even the good can achieve the impossible because even in the most difficult times, divinity can prevail.

On the other hand, the Dashain festival of Nepal is known more to be the time of year when families reunite and people meet each other. Everybody finds a way to get in, no matter how vibrant they might be, and regardless of their culture, they coexist in an ordinary life. Moreover, the families built an atmosphere where they shared gifts, feasts, and beverages hand in hand, which made them feel like they were staying with their relatives. 

People to buy new clothes, gifts, and other stuff during that period. Creating another source of income for the business. Accordingly, the economic situation improves. Nepal’s Dashain festival has been continued throughout its past history as an old. It is alive celebration that bears the country’s spiritual, social, and economic vine. Nepalese Dashain suggests that the Nepalese carry a thread of rich hereditary and cultural heritage.

Significant Days During Dashain Festival

During the 15-day Dashain festival in Nepal, each day holds significance and is celebrated with specific rituals and traditions. Here is a list of the main days of Dashain, along with their significance and customary practices:

Ghatasthapana (Day 1)

This marks the beginning of Dashain. On this day, a sacred pot (kalash) is filled with holy water and sown with barley seeds. These are then covered with cow dung and kept in a dark room. This signifies the start of the festival and the worship of the goddess Durga.

Saptami (Day 7)

On this day, the Kalash is opened, and the sprouted barley known as Jamara is removed. The Nepal Army performs a parade on this day, which is mainly held in all army camps in Nepal. 

Asthami (Day 8)

This day is also known as Maha Asthami. It is considered one of the most important days of Dashain. Animal sacrifices, particularly of buffaloes, are performed in temples to honour the goddess Durga and seek her blessings.

Navami (Day 9)

On this day, devotees visit temples dedicated to the goddess Durga and offer prayers and sacrifices. Homes are decorated, and families gather for feasting and cultural activities.

Bijaya Dashami (Day 10)

Also known as Bijaya Dashami, this is the last day of Dashain and the most promising. On this day, elders apply Tika (a mixture of yogurt and rice) to the foreheads of younger relatives. They bless them with prosperity and success. The elders also give the younger ones Dakshina (money or gifts) as a token of love and blessings. This day is also significant for the exchange of blessings among friends, relatives, and well-wishers.

Kojagrat Purnima (Day 15)

This day marks the end of Dashain, also known as the full moon day. On this day, people stay up all night and participate in various cultural activities. Like singing, dancing, and playing games to mark the end of the festival.

Each day of the Dashain festival in Nepal has its significance and rituals. All of these combine to make Dashain one of Nepal’s most vibrant and important festivals.

How is Dashain celebrated in Nepal?

Nepal’s most important festival, Dashain, is celebrated with everyone’s enthusiasm, sacrifice, and devotion. It is a festivity that spans fifteen days. In which families become bonded, and it is also a way of praying for wealth and success. The Dashain festival preparations started weeks before the actual Dashain festival in Nepal. The homes being cleaned and decorated with wall hangings, beautiful flowers, and traditional symbols. Sending away the house and Durga ahead depicts that Durga’s graces are called during the celebration.

A substantial part of the community is interested in getting involved in the wide range of rituals and traditions during Dashian. Among the vital rituals, the preparation and presentation of tikka and jamara could be conceived as one. The older family members sprinkle a mixture of rice, yogurt, and vermilion paste called tika on the forehead of the younger members as a blessing. They also offer the recently sprouted barley (Jamara) in the holy pot, symbolizing abundance and prosperity. The ritual epitomizes the essence of love and joy of the ancestors. Through which people who are distant from each other become closer.

Dashain festival of Nepal is not only a cultural festival but also presents a great chance of entertainment. Some traditional cultural activities, such as dances, music, and drama, mainly go over the festival. The tradition brings together everyone, and people also get an opportunity to be part of the grand celebration of life. Additionally, the Dashain festival of Nepal is a feast and a time for ethnic individuals to taste delectable meals and strange delicacies. Delicacies such as goat meat, rice pudding, and desserts are prepared and shared with people with happy lives.

Which Community Celebrates Dashain and where?

The Hindu community in Nepal, which comprises the overwhelming majority of the people, celebrates the main festival of Dashain. Nevertheless, it is no longer confined to Nepal; it is celebrated in India, Bhutan, and other parts of Southeast Asia, with widespread Nepalese participation by Hindus worldwide. The Dashain festival in Nepal 2081 is on Asoj 26, 2081 BS.

Nepal’s festival, Dashain, is celebrated in all parts of Nepal by people from different tribes and is considered the country’s national festival. Festivals that are most conspicuously celebrated in cities like Kathmandu and Pokhara are also observed with similar enthusiasm in towns and villages nationwide. Whether a family lives in a village settlement or an urban apartment, the Nepal festival Dashain is when family members reunite to celebrate their cultural identity and seek blessings of prosperity and joy.

Where and How Can Tourist Celebrate Dashain?

Tourists visiting Nepal during the Dashain festival can enjoy the richness of the unique culture of this country. Several cities and towns in Nepal, such as Kathmandu and Pokhara , particularly turn on to colorful decorations, lively markets, and vibrant ambience during the festival of Dashain. This festival brings happiness to every corner of the cities. Guests can be part of this celebration by engaging in several cultural activities like street parades, traditional music and dances and kite flying competitions. Certain attraction of the Dashain for foreign visitors is the opportunity to be blessed by local people taking “Tika” and “Jamara.” Foreigners can visit local houses or temples in order to receive Tika and Jamara from Nepalese families who warmly receive them into their celebration as the honorable guests.

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Swostika is a content writer at Himalayan Masters as well as a travel enthusiast. She loves to travel and learn about different cultures and people. With a love for writing, traveling, and embracing diverse cultures, she is on a journey to explore and inspire through words.

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Dashain – The Auspicious Festival of Nepal

Nepal’s grand yearly festival, Dashain falls during the post-monsoon period when the sky is vibrant and flawless, the air is freshest and the rice is all set for harvesting. Post-monsoon weather is not only suitable for trekking in the Himalayas but this is also the period to celebrate the biggest festivals in Nepal.

As the festival occurs after the end of lengthy rainfall, the farmlands and woodlands display verdant greenery; the sky opens itself up in its full splendor, the spectacular views of the Himalayan Mountains is merely awe-inspiring. If you are planning to visit Nepal during Dashain with family, solo or school groups then you will get opportunities to participate in grand and the most auspicious festival.

The biggest and the longest festival, Dashain is also known as Vijaya Dashami takes place at the end of September or the beginning of October of the solar year. The Newar community calls this festival Mohani whereas in general call it Dashain. In Nepal, this time of the year where the weather smells of festive aroma and the climate is calming with slight wind sunny days and clear blue sky. Vibrant kites soaring in clear sky, crowded markets and shopping streets blasting signature instrumental Dashain song “Mangal Shree Dhun” and people of all ages line up for their turn on the  Ping  (a traditional Nepali swing) signifies the advent of Dashain.

This festival is the celebration of the defeat of good above bad, of positive over negative, and of good quality over immorality. The Dashain festival continues for fifteen days and begins on the day of Ghatasthapana and concludes on the day of Kojagrat Purnima.  In the first nine days of the festival, devotees worship Goddess Durga and her different manifestations. 

 This year Dashain festivals start from September 29 to October 13, 2019. The tenth day of Dashain – Vijaya Dashami, the tika day is on October 8, 2019.

Table of Contents

Reasons behind celebrating Dashain

Different dashains relate to nature.

Most of the festivals are celebrated in honor of the deities on astrologically auspicious days. Numerous others are associated with the departed souls of ancestors. Still, others are performed to signify the start or end of the agricultural cycle of the land, others are just family festivities and community culture.

The festival of Nepal connects to nature, be it Dashain or Janai Purnima or Asadh Pandhra (15th of Nepali month Ashar). Back in days, when people used to worship nature, Dashain was observed four times annually according to the seasons — Sharadiya Dashain (Autumnal, neither summer nor winter), Hemantik (winter), Basantik (spring) and Grismiya (Rainy). Hemantik and Grismiya Dashain.

Among these Dashain, Sharadiya Dashain and Basantik Dashain are still prevalent in Nepal. Basantik Dashain is celebrated as Chaite Dashain or small Dashain which generally falls in the final month, Chaitra, of Bikram Sambat calendar.

Sharadiya Dashain became a grand Dashain observed today as Bada Dashain or Vijaya Dashami. As Sharadiya Dashain starts after the season of harvest. During this time, farmers have already seeded barley, paddy, and millet. So farmers have the leisure period to meet with relatives and friends and they are contented as most households are filled with rice and grains. In addition, the season is considered as Sarad Ritu since it is the utmost pleasant time in the year.

The great harvest festival of Nepal, Dashain is a time for family gatherings, receiving and giving gifts and blessings, and carry out the worship of goddess Durga. This is the main reason for celebrating Dashain in this season, and hence Dashain became popular.

Mythological version

Dashain celebrates the power of the female. One of the Hindu legends reveals that in   Satya Yuga(Era of Truth) there was a huge battle between gods and demons. The gods could defeat the demons headed by Mahishasur .  Then the Goddess Durga with 18 hands was created, through the light of all gods. It is believed that there was continuous war between Goddess Durga and Mahissasur in the first nine days of Dashain. On the tenth day, the Goddess won the battle and gained a triumph over evil. Vijaya means the victory and the Dashami means the tenth day, which made the name of the festival. Thus, Dashain signifies the victory of well-finished evil while also celebrating women’s power, by worshipping Goddess Durga.

Likewise, another Hindu legend Ramayana denotes Dashain as the day when Ram (vice) gained a triumph over the Ravan (virtue) with the blessing of goddess Durga. In Sanskrit, Dasain denotes taking away the ten sins. The ten heads of Ravana symbolize these ten sins and Rama destroys each one of them.

Whatever could be the legend, we can conclude that Dashain is observed to mark the victory of good over evil. The people believe that the festivity of Dashain will lead an individual towards the right path. Also, the goddess Durga will protect the members of the families forever. They also believe that it is good to receive the tika and blessings from as many people as you can.

Days of the festival

The rituals are believed to have begun from the deities and people in this legendary time praying and worshipping the mother goddess at night, gathering around her chariot. Alternately, Dashain denoted as ‘Navaratri’ and ‘Navaratha’. In the Sanskrit, ‘nava’ means nine, ‘ratri’ for a night and ‘ratha’ for the chariot. The definite period of the festival, observed for 15 days, beginning with Gatasthapana and ending on the Kojagrat Purnima (full moon day).

During nine days of Navaratri, devotees pray nine different manifestations of Goddess Durga, which every Goddess being worshipped on the dedicated day. The nine forms of the goddess are:

• Day 1: Shailaputri
• Day 2: Brahmcharini
• Day 3: Chandraghanta
• Day 4: Kushmunda
• Day 5: Skandmata
• Day 6: Katyayani
• Day 7: Kalratri
• Day 8: Mahagauri
• Day 9: Sidhidatri

The first, seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth days of the Dashain considered as Ghatasthapana, Foolpati, Mahaastami,  Mahanawami, and Bijaya Dashami respectively hold special significance.

Ghatasthapana

Ghatasthapana (sowing Jamara) manifests the commencement of Dashain or Navaratri. A special place is set up for Ghatasthapana, the ritual installation of a sacred water vessel (Kalash) in the center of a rectangular sand block seeded with grains. The goddess is believed to reside in the vessel during Dashain.

The room is darkened to get golden sprouts, generally called Jamara, from the seeds. The shoots, which represent a good harvest, will be beautifully put on the head of family members as blessings on the tenth day of the festival. In this auspicious day, the head of the family plants the jamara and worships the vessel. According to the ritual, the outsiders aren’t permitted to go in or see the place where it is planted.

As stated in Vedic rituals, sprouting of the auspicious “Jamara” is also started at Hanumandhoka Dashain Ghar.  This room is used to plant barley and maize seeds called Jamara and to worship the Astha-Matrikas (the 8 Tantrik Goddesses) along with the Nava Durgas (the 9 Goddess Durga) for remaining 9 days. 

Dashain Festival Days 2-6

From the 2 nd day to the 6 th Day of the festival is the preparation days for the approaching celebration from the 7th to the 15th days of the Dashain festival.

Throughout these durations, the prayer to Goddess Durga is performed. People are engaged in shopping to buy new clothes and gifts and purchase animals like goats for sacrifice. People visit shrines of goddess Durga Bhavani in the early morning. Whereas, people staying away from home return to their families with gifts.

The seventh day of Vijaya Dashami, Fulpati marks the commencement of official weeklong Dashain holidays in government and private offices and schools.

On this day nine kinds of fulpati (flowers and leaves of sacred plants) are brought into the worship room of the house. Fulpati comprises an assortment of a banana plant, pomegranate, rice stalk, turmeric, manabriksha, kachuki, belpatra, ashok, and jayanti adorned outside the house and later is carried into the house with the faith that bringing these nine elements into the house would bring the goddess related with those plants

Fulpati is also observed by an official ceremony in Tundikhel. During the day of Phulpati, five Magars bring a palanquin of flowers and sacred leaves from Gorkha on foot all the way up to Dhading district from where six Brahmins brought them to Kathmandu.

The parade is about three days long. The government officials wait for the arrival of the Phulpati in Tundikhel and join the parade to Hanuman Dhoka. The Nepalese army observes the continuous firing of the weapons for about fifteen minutes to celebrate the arrival of the Phulpati. Then a variety of sacred shrubs brought it to Nasalchowk to offer Goddess Taleju Bhavani: another popular name of Goddess Durga Bhawani.

But since 2008, after the Royal family was overthrown from the country, the tradition of the arrival of the Phulpati has changed. The Phulpati now goes to the residence of the President.

Interested to witness Dashain Festival?

Maha ashtami.

The 8th day of Dashain, Maha Asthami, is dedicated to Kali, the fiercest form of the goddess Durga. This day is the most significant day of the Dashain festival because it is said that Goddess Durga achieved power on this day.

Devotees visited several temples and shrines of the goddess in Valley and throughout the country from the early morning. People offer worship and sacrificing of different animals to the goddess at various shrines. After offering the blood of these animals, the meat is brought and cooked in homes of devotees as a “Prasad” (food blessed by the divine).

Additionally, it is offered in small leaf plates to all the household deities and then shared amongst all the family members. This food is regarded as blessed and auspicious. Devotees who do not sacrifice animals offer sacrifices of numerous vegetables and fruits instead of animals. Also on this day, a special ‘Kalaratri’ or dark night worship is taking place at midnight at the ‘Dashain Ghar’ of Hanumandhoka.

People worship and offer flowers, coconut, animal blood and vermilion to their tools, equipment, and vehicle. It is said that worshiping the vehicle and tools equipment prevents accidents and businesses thrive for an entire year. According to legend, Arjun, one of Pandav’s brothers, took his Ayudha (weapons) from the Shami tree after 14 years of exile from his country and did worship of the weapons on this day. Ayudha Puja or Astra Puja is the main ceremonial on Mahasthami day. On this particular day, people worship weapons, vehicles, and machinery parts. 

The Newar Community perform the feast called Kuchhi Voya in which ritually people should consume two pathi of beaten rice including bhuttan, (fried intestine and other abdominal part), tori ko saag (mustard leaves), bara, (beancake), chowella, (marinated meat) aaloo ko achaar, (potato pickle) bhatmaas, (soybean) aduwa, (spiced ginger) bodi (blacked- eyes peas) in a banana leaf including Aila (liquor) and thoo (Newari alcohol).

Before initiating Kuchhi Voya, the main person of a household offers a feast to nine Goddesses distributing one each to nine Goddesses on a banana leaf cut into small pieces. During feast, family members sit in a row for the feast with the eldest taking the place of honor at the top and the youngest at the bottom.

Maha Navami

The ninth day of the festival; is called Maha Navami. Temple of the goddess is filled with devotees from dawn till dusk. Until this day, the ceremonies reach to the peak. The state offers the sacrifices of the buffaloes under gunfire salutes in Hanuman Dhoka Royal Palace. Special worship is done to Goddess Durga and ‘jamara’ (germinated seed) strewed on the first day of the festival is offered to the goddess at different temples and shrines.

Also, many people pay homage to Nawa Durga in the form of nine girls in the pre-puberty age. These young girls signify the goddesses who participated in Durga for war. Many have faith in that one can cleanse oneself by consuming water from the hands of these nine girls. The girls are served all kinds of fruits and delicacies, along with gifts.

The Taleju Temple situated at Hanumandhoka in the capital city is also opened on this day for prayers to worship.  The queue of people lining up to worship in the Taleju Bhawani temple, which only opens once a year, is a memorable sight for the foreigner. On this day, people of the Newar community also worship to Bhimsen, a Hindu god.

The Newar community prepared Mohini tika (black tika) on this day.  It is prepared by burning cotton wick rope continually, it’s kept enclosed with another earthen pot on which thick black soot formed. This black soot is applied on the forehead, just beneath the red tika on the 10 th day of Dasain.

On this particular day, god Vishwa Karma, the God of creativity is also worshiped. All factories, vehicles, any machinery instrument and anything from which we make a living are worshipped.

Vijaya Dashami

Vijayadashami is celebrated on the tenth day of the Dashain festival. According to legend,  Maa Durga defeated Mahisasur and Ravana (King of Lanka on the Hindu epic Ramayana) was killed by Rama (a prince of Ayodhya, an incarnation of Vishnu) on the tenth day of Dasain. So Vijaya Dashami symbolizes the triumph of good over evil. 

On this auspicious day,  elder members of the family applied red tika (a mixture of rice grains, curds, and vermillion powder) on the forehead of young ones. Along with it, the younger ones also receive jamara (barley sap-lings), a small sum of money called “Dakshina” and blessings from the elders. 

The jamara is considered a token of Goddess Durga and the elders blessing as well. While the red tika is taken as a symbol of the blood that ties the family together forever. The relatives and the family members away from their home come to receive tika on the following days of the tenth day.

Kojagrata Puja

The fifteenth day of Dashain is the last day that falls on the full moon day called Kojagrata Purnima. The actual meaning of the Kojagrata is ‘who is awake’. On this day, people worship the goddess of wealth; goddess Laxmi. They believe that the goddess will descend down to the earth in this day and bless her with prosperity that is awake for the whole night. The people enjoy the night by playing cards and much more.

The Newar Buddhists believe that Swoyambhu appeared on this full moon day. So, they clean Chaityas and stupas and carried out worship to Buddha called Buddha Puja on this day. 

Have any query about Dashain?

Dashain is actually the ceremony of worshipping, gathering with lavish food, and good clothing. Its a time for bonding and quality chatting and enjoying with families and relatives. People living far away from home or homeland, come back to their home and get together with their families. It’s a great festivity where people invite guests, organize a grand feast, visit their relatives’ houses, fly kites, build bamboo swings and engaged in various entertaining activities.

If you are here in Nepal during late September or in early October then you must participate and witness the Dashain festival. The important thing that should not be missed during your visit to Nepal during the Dashain festival is swinging on bamboo swings. Traditional Swings (Ping) are set up across the country during the festival. It is believed that we should at least leave the ground once during Dashain.

Even you can visit the local market especially Asan bazaar to witness the locals shopping for the festival. Likewise, visiting places like Kathmandu Durbar Square, Hanuman Dhoka and several temples as city tours provide an opportunity to observe the activities of people in the temples like how they perform the worship. One of the fascinating things that you can involve during your visit is participating in kite flying. You can see the various colored and sized kites in the sky over most parts of Nepal.

The kites are also considered as the messenger to the god for more rain. Numerous small fairs are conducted throughout the country with Ferris and wheels and other rides and entertainment. Even you have the opportunity to indulge in the taste of festive cuisine. You can listen to Dashain music all around the cities which are called “Mal Shree Dhun”. Most prominently, the Dashain procession that passes through the three cities of the Kathmandu Valley is something that will astonish the foreigners.

Dashain Procession and events

Panchali bhairav.

The Pachali Bhairav Jatra is a parade takes place on the fifth day of the fortnight in Kathmandu. It is celebrated to honor the god Pachali Bhairav whose idol is situated in the southern part of the historic section of the city.  On the night earlier the main day, a “Kalash” or a sacred water gold-gilded copper Jar bearing the mask of Bhairav is carried to his shrine of Pachali Bhairav, People pay homage with prayers, rituals, and offerings of meat and Jaad and Raksi (Nepali local liquor). There is a custom of offering spirits and liquors to deities in Nepal in Newari culture in Nepal. A priest escorted by a musical procession brings an idol of Shiva’s Son “Ganesh late in the night to the temple. The “Kalash” is then taken out from the shrine and carried on the shoulders of devotees to Durbar Square. In Durbar Square, goats and buffaloes are sacrificed to the performers clad up as Bhairav, Kumari and other deities. During the event, various dances of Bhairav are also executed.

Shikali Jatra

The Shikali Jatra is a sacred masked dance festival which is believed as part of the celebrations of Mohani. It is celebrated on the seventh day of the fortnight by the ethnic Newar community residing in Khokana, a medieval Newari heritage village in the southern part of Kathmandu valley. The festival involves dance performances and religious rituals and lasts for five days. The dancers signify 14 deities of the Hindu pantheon. A wooden chariot with the statue of Goddess Rudrayani is carried through the village streets, finally resting in front of the Shikali Temple situated on a verdant hill just outside the village.

Nava Durga Dance

 The masked dance of Nava Durga is performed in Bhaktapur and nearby localities. Nava Durga is a group of nine goddesses who are said to protect the city from outside harm. Nine shrines devoted to the deities mark the city’s perimeter.

Asta Matrika (eight mother goddess)

At a courtyard inside the old royal palace at Patan, masked dancers signifying Asta Matrika reenact the victory of Goddess Durga over the demon Mahisasur. The performances were originated in the 17th century. The Asta Matrika dance is also carried out to eradicate obstacles in the city caused by bad spirits. It is thought that worshipping the eight goddesses bring good to the country and the people.

Goddess Manakamana procession

 On the ninth day of the fortnight, a festive procession of Goddess Manakamana is held in Bungamati, 9 km south of Kathmandu. A dance highlighting a masked man riding a hobby horse is also presented, among other performances.

Asanbhalu Dyah Jatra

Asanbhalu Dyah Jatra, also called Annapurna Jatra, is celebrated on the 11th day of the fortnight. An idol of the goddess Asanbhalu Ajima, the patron goddess of Asan, Kathmandu, is sited on a palanquin and carried around town escorted by musical bands. Also, the Asan Paya sword parade takes place on this day, with the youngest member of the community leading the parade. The day is the final day of Mohani for the locals of Asan and is known as Asan Chalan.

Kumha Pyakhan

The sacred Kumha  Pyakhan dance used to be done at Durbar Square and Asan as representative protection of the idol of the deity Taleju when it is brought out of her temple during Mohani.

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