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Sustainable Tourism Case Studies

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The Sustainable Tourism Case Studies Clearinghouse aims to provide examples of how the tourism industry is addressing a variety of challenges – from workforce housing to coastal degradation. NC State University students have designed these case studies to highlight solutions from tourism destinations across the United States and around the world, so community leaders and tourism stakeholders can adapt solutions to fit the unique challenges of their destination.

NC State students want to know what sustainable tourism challenges you are facing. Solutions to these challenges will be shared in the NC State Extension Sustainable Tourism Case Study Clearinghouse. Share the challenges you’d like solutions for  HERE with a brief survey .

Photo: NC State University

Case Studies

• Voluntary Visitor Fee Programs (2024)
• Policies and Planning Strategies for Tourism Workforce Housing (2023)
• Use of Oyster Reefs to Reduce Coastal Degradation in Tourism Destination Communities (2023)

Current Student Researchers

The development of these case studies are supported with the NC State College of Natural Resource’s Lighthouse Fund for Sustainable Tourism. 

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Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Cases

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• Description
• Aims and Scope
• Editorial Board
• Submission Guidelines

Submit your manuscripts here:  https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/jhtc

The Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Cases (JHTC) is an international refereed electronic journal (e-journal) published by ICHRIE. To submit a case study the team ask you to follow the following guidelines.

• Case studies may be compiled from field research, published sources and/or generalised experience.
• The case studies may refer to any topic and subject area related to the tourism and/or hospitality field and industry.
• The case studies must be of maximum 5,000 words excluding figures, tables, annexes and bibliography. Each case study submission must be accompanied by a teaching note for which there is no word limit (although a teaching note of a minimum of 1,000 words is expected).
• Case studies do not have to follow a specific structure. However, each case study is expected to include sections related to the following topics:
• a background of the subject organisation and/or of the topic;
• an analysis of the dilemma and/or the teaching objective;
• a section explaining the questions and dilemmas of the case study;
• related bibliography and additional reading.
• Teaching Notes are an important aspect of a case study. They should lead the instructors (and specifically, the less experienced case users) through the case study by supporting the design and the execution of the teaching of the case study. Thus, the Teaching Note should aim to make the teaching of the case study an interesting and successful process. The Teaching Note does not have to conform to a standard structure, but it should contain sections that address the following issues: a case study summary; the teaching objectives and the target audience; the recommended teaching approach and strategy; additional suggested readings and/or references.
• The case studies and the Teaching Note will be evaluated against three criteria: content, theoretical underpinning, and presentation. For more information about the review process and criteria of case studies and teaching notes, please read the following section.
• All case studies and Teaching Notes must adhere and follow the submission guidelines of case study writing. All Case studies should also be written by following JHTC template format, which is found at. For more information about the submission guidelines, please read the file named Guidelines to authors of JHTC.

REVIEW PROCESS AND ASSESSMENT CRITERIA OF CASE STUDIES

• JHTC is a refereed publication, meaning that all case studies and teaching Notes are subject to a rigorous double-blinded peer-review process. The editor of JHTC is responsible for allocating the submitted case studies to three anonymous evaluators and for managing the review process. Reviewers are selected based on the relevance of the topic/subject of the case study to the reviewers’ expertise and credentials. All reviewers participating in the case study review process are listed in the Review Board of the relevant issue of JHTC.
• JHTC follows a supportive and constructive editorial policy to the authors. All authors would be provided suggestions and ideas on how to improve the case study and they would be encouraged to resubmit an enhanced version. It is the aim of JHTC to work with authors in achieving their research and publication goals.
• Case studies may have been already tested in the classroom. If this is the case, the case study author(s) may also submit evidence of the educational effectiveness and impacts of the case study. Any such evidence will also be considered by the competition judges when evaluating the case studies.
• The case studies and the teaching notes are evaluated against three major criteria: content, theoretical underpinning, and presentation. The following analysis further explains the criteria that reviewers use for evaluating case studies and providing constructive to authors.

Evaluation Criteria for content and theoretical background

Case studies must:

• be topical and relevant to current tourism and hospitality issues
• be engaging in order to deliver an interesting learning experience in the classroom
• explicitly identify, explain and support the teaching objectives of the topic subject
• thoroughly analyse the theoretical concepts and framework that underpin the topic of the case study
• include questions / management dilemmas that will be able to probe class discussions and debates around the teaching objectives, the case study topic and/or the theoretical concept
• any tables, figures, exhibits, annexes and/or supplementary items should also explain and
• support the teaching objectives and theoretical concepts. There is not any (min/max) limit about the number of figures/tables that a case study can include. However, case studies will also be evaluated based on the appropriateness, the educational value and the explanatory power of the figures / tables that they include.

Teaching notes must include:

• a summary of the case
• an explanation of the teaching objectives and target audience
• the recommended teaching approach and strategy to be adopted by other educators
• analysis of the teaching objectives and the theoretical concepts
• additional readings and/or references

Presentation Criteria

The presentation of the case studies and teaching notes are judged on the following areas:

• quality of English
• readability
• clarity of format - presentation of information and data
• a well-defined structure
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Case study, tourism

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A case study represents a holistic, in-depth empirical analysis where the focus is on the understanding of a contemporary phenomenon in its real-life context in a particular point in time (Beeton 2005 ). What distinguishes it from most other research methods is its reliance on multiple sources of evidence. One of the key proponents of this method is Yin ( 2009 ) who advocates that case studies should be significant, mix practice with theoretical development , be contemporary in nature, and represent leading edge research. Its boundaries should be complete while evidence should be sufficiently displayed with reports written in an engaging manner. In essence, this study method represents an all-encompassing research strategy that covers design, data collection, and analysis.

Types of case studies

Types of case studies include intrinsic, instrumental, and collective. While the former explore a particular situation in isolation, instrumental cases seek to extrapolate wider lessons to...

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Beeton, S. 2005 The Case Study in Tourism Research: A Multi-Method Case Study Approach. In Tourism Research Methods: Integrating Theory with Practice, B. Ritchie, P. Burns and C. Palmer, eds., pp.37-48. Oxford: CABI.

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Dredge, D. 2006 Policy Networks and the Local Organization of Tourism. Tourism Management 27: 269-280.

Article   Google Scholar  

Garrod, B., and A. Fyall 2013 Contemporary Cases in Heritage. Oxford: Goodfellow.

Jennings, G. 2001 Tourism Research. Milton: Wiley.

Stake, R. 1995 The Art of Case Study Research. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

Xiao, H., and S. Smith 2006 Case Studies in Tourism Research: A State-of-the-Art Analysis. Tourism Management 27:738-749.

Yin, R. 2009 Case Study Research: Design and Methods. Los Angeles: Sage.

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Correspondence to Alan Fyall .

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School of Hospitality Leadership, University of Wisconsin-Stout, Menomonie, Wisconsin, USA

Jafar Jafari

School of Hotel and Tourism Management, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR

Honggen Xiao

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Fyall, A. (2014). Case study, tourism. In: Jafari, J., Xiao, H. (eds) Encyclopedia of Tourism. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01669-6_244-1

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DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01669-6_244-1

Received : 01 October 2014

Accepted : 01 October 2014

Published : 18 September 2015

Publisher Name : Springer, Cham

Online ISBN : 978-3-319-01669-6

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How can the growth of tourism reduce the development gap?

Jamaica Case Study

Jamaica Case Study – How can the growth of tourism reduce the development gap?

Jamaica is the fourth-largest island country in the Caribbean. It has a tropical climate with high temperatures throughout the year. Jamaica is famed for its beautiful sandy beaches and rich cultural heritage. It has excellent communications and is a popular destination for cruise ships.  

A cruise ship in Jamaica

How has tourism in Jamaica grown?

Tourism has seen significant growth in Jamaica. The graph below illustrates this.

As you can see, there has been an almost exponential growth in the number of visitor arrivals to Jamaica between 1994 and 2016. However, although visitor arrivals continued to increase in 2009, the change was not in line with previous years due to the recession, which reduced many people’s disposable income.

Total visitor expenditure increased from US$128,706,000 in 1975 to US$3,400,000,000 in 2019.

How has Jamaica reduced the development gap?

Tourism is one of Jamaica’s top sources of revenue. The industry contributes over 50% of the country’s total foreign exchange earnings (approx. US$2b). Thousands of Jamaicans work directly or indirectly in tourism . Tourism employs the second largest number of Jamaicans (approximately 200,000) directly in hotels, transport and attractions and indirectly in trading, manufacturing and banking.  

Tourism in Jamaica benefits local farmers through the sale of produce to hotels. For example, Jamaica’s Sandals Resort Farmers Program grew from 10 farmers in 1996, supplying two hotels, to 80 farmers in 2004, supplying hotels island-wide. As a result, in 2018, the hotel chain provided more than $25 million in assistance, starting with the up-front purchase and distribution of $3.5 million of Irish potato seeds to five farmers in Manchester, Jamaica. Under the partnership, the five farmers will be the sole providers of Irish potatoes to the entire Sandals group, which comprises 11 resorts in Jamaica. The purpose is to enable the hotel chain to purchase potatoes locally rather than rely on imports.

There have been considerable investments in infrastructure to accommodate tourists. Port facilities have been expanded, as have airports and road infrastructure. However, the development of roads followed much later as catering for cruise ships was prioritised. Some hotel owners have not been happy with this.

Many people in key tourist areas, such as Montego Bay , have benefited from an improved quality of life due to tourism. However, pockets of poverty still exist.  

The environment has benefited from landscaping projects and the introduction of nature parks.  

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Regenerative tourism futures: a case study of Aotearoa New Zealand

Journal of Tourism Futures

ISSN : 2055-5911

Article publication date: 10 May 2022

Issue publication date: 22 September 2022

This case study urges the future of visitor economy to rely on regenerative tourism to make tourism systems resilience in the long run.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper draws on published research and industry reports to discuss the future visitor economy and its impact on all dimensions of well-being focused on the case of Aotearoa New Zealand.

Results show that post-pandemic tourism transformation must protect and promote local identities, and enhance and enrich visitor experiences with a focus on cultural and natural heritage.

Originality/value

The recovery of tourism must not implement regenerative tourism as a new specific type of tourism but as a holistic understanding of tourism futures that encompasses communities and the environment, and where visitors are committed to preserve and protect our natural and socio-cultural environment.

• Aotearoa New Zealand
• Regenerative tourism
• Tourism transformation
• Visitor economy

Fusté-Forné, F. and Hussain, A. (2022), "Regenerative tourism futures: a case study of Aotearoa New Zealand", Journal of Tourism Futures , Vol. 8 No. 3, pp. 346-351. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-01-2022-0027

Emerald Publishing Limited

Copyright © 2022, Francesc Fusté-Forné and Asif Hussain

Published in Journal of Tourism Futures . Published by Emerald Publishing Limited. This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) licence. Anyone may reproduce, distribute, translate and create derivative works of this article (for both commercial and non-commercial purposes), subject to full attribution to the original publication and authors. The full terms of this licence may be seen at http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode .

Should we look back to move forward?

The planet has suffered the unsustainable consequences of tourism growth during the last decades ( Benjamin et al ., 2020 ; Gössling and Higham, 2021 ; Hussain et al ., 2021 ). Both domestic and international tourism relied on transport which heavily contributed to issues like climate change ( Dessens et al. , 2014 ; Scott et al ., 2012 ; Živoder et al ., 2015 ). While the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has brought limited tourism ( Fusté-Forné and Michael, 2021 ), the international tourist arrivals in 2020 reached 400 m ( UNWTO, 2022 ). The post-COVID tourism recovery suggests a regenerative tourism paradigm with a focus on conscious travel ( Hussain, 2021 ) which leads to an effective transformation of the way we think, plan and do tourism ( Ateljevic, 2020 ; Cheer, 2020 ; Sheldon, 2020 ). The impact of COVID-19 offers the opportunity to reset tourism ( Higgins-Desbiolles, 2020 ). The new holistic approach embraces the implementation of the regenerative tourism model ( Hussain and Haley, 2022 ) which acknowledges the complexity of tourism systems. In the framework of regenerative tourism, this research discusses that tourism transformation must involve all stakeholders in the creation of long-term social, cultural, environmental and economic well-being with a specific focus on the case of New Zealand. This will drive towards future tourism experiences that put the well-being of destination communities at the centre of tourism management and marketing because “people” must lead the future of visitor economy.

A case of regenerative tourism in Aotearoa New Zealand

The physical isolation and remoteness of New Zealand attracts people from places where it is difficult to escape the pressure of population and offers them a less dense destination. Both domestic and international tourism have contributed to nation's prosperity and has potential to enrich all aspects of lives and livelihood of the people of New Zealand ( Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment, 2019 ; Tourism Futures Taskforce, 2020 ). The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the New Zealand tourism system which relied heavily on international tourists ( Fountain, 2021 ). Concerns about such dependency were raised in the past, however, it was the COVID-19 that showed us the severity of New Zealand's dependency on international tourists ( Hussain and Fusté-Forné, 2021 ). This shows that the tourism models, before COVID-19, were neither resilient nor sustainable ( Reis, 2020 ; Sheldon, 2021 ). More resilient tourism should rely on alternate tourism systems beyond capitalist practices, such as the regenerative economy because the traditional tourism models are not sustainable for the future. As Fountain (2021) also explains, the change to regenerative tourism should be based on three aspects: equity, sustainability and well-being.

New Zealand has focused on a balance between tourism and the well-being of its natural resources and local communities ( Glusac, 2020 ), where tourism businesses must lead the way to the achievement of New Zealand's regenerative tourism goals ( Waby, 2021 ). The importance of the stakeholders’ engagement in destination planning and development was acknowledged by the parliamentary commission report in 2019 which include government agencies, territorial authorities, iwi (a Māori tribe), hapū (Māori sub tribes) and commercial interest such as regional tourism organisations. The key aspect acknowledged in the report was that Ngāti Tūwharetoa (an example of iwi) sees themselves as guardians of Maunga Tongariro not as the owners. Therefore, “visitor behaviour is shaped to fit the maunga rather than the maunga being shaped to fit the visitors” ( Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment, 2019 ). The recommendations of the report came as the time of the birth of COVID-19, which is why the report did not largely contribute towards stakeholder engagement for destination planning and product development yet.

In March 2020, New Zealand closed its borders for international tourism to stop the spread of COVID-19. This decision kept the COVID-19 out of the country, but it has had devastating impacts on destinations which heavily relied on international tourists ( RNZ, 2021 ; Stuff, 2021 ). Meanwhile the Minister of Tourism setup an independent tourism task force following a change from international travel to domestic tourism. The taskforce suggested that the future of New Zealand tourism must be regenerative and resilient with a focus on social, cultural, environmental and economic wellbeing. The key elements highlighted included the production of a genuine tourism product, unique life-changing experience, community engagement, opportunities to grow regeneratively, enrich value of Te Ao Māori, improve natural ecosystems and generate durable financial returns. The strategic tourism lines posted by the New Zealand Government calls for regenerative tourism which focuses on the partnership between industry, workers and government ( New Zealand Government, 2021 ).

During this time, various public and private agencies focused their research on meaning, essence and ways to develop regenerative tourism products and models. Regenerative initiatives such as “Project Regenerative Tourism” of Sustainability and Resilience Institute (SRI) of New Zealand, New Zealand Awaits, and The Seventh Generation Tours promote regenerative tourism research and experience for the visitor's to engage with the debate of regenerative tourism. The outcome of the “Project Regenerative Tourism” resulted in the development of a “Regenerative Tourism Model”. The model suggests the incorporation of all elements of social-ecological system into a system which is self-organising and embraces uncertainty and change in response of global shocks and trends. The model has also developed the indicators of regenerative tourism to measure the degree to which a tourism product of service is regenerative and sustainable. In addition, New Zealand Awaits encourages and shares conversation on the positive impact of travel experiences and learn about how regenerative tourism looks like in New Zealand through their podcast GOOD Awaits. The Seventh Generation Tours is a regenerative tourism enterprise which promotes the principles of Tūrangawaewae: know who you are, where you belong; Kaitiakitanga: protect that which you love; and Manaakitanga: share stories that enhance, so that you leave better. The tour “shares stories that regenerate, not only the listener, but the storyteller, the community and the place from which they come. The Sharing of important oral stories keeps them alive and passes them along, from one generation to the next as we are their guardians, and we must tell them well” ( The Seventh Generation, 2022 ).

At destination levels, Tourism Bay of Plenty (2022) develops tourism in harmony with place under the destination development plan Te Hā Tāpoi (The Love of Tourism) where harmony between visitation and place is a source of tourism value. Another example is the destination management plan for the district of Queenstown Lakes which shows a vision where tourism must put people and places at its centre to promote a viable and regenerative tourism future. In this sense, the plan aims to “create outcomes that enrich the district across all four well beings (social, cultural, environmental and economic) and enable a thriving future” ( Destination Queenstown, 2022 ).

Previous studies revealed the leading role of New Zealand in a structural change that leads to a regenerative tourism future (see, for example, Major and Clarke, 2021 ). Tourism stakeholders must commit “to decarbonisation and biodiversity conservation to drastically reduce the biophysical footprint of tourism” ( Higham et al. , 2021 , p. 7). In this sense, the Tourism Futures Taskforce Interim Report ( Tourism Futures Taskforce, 2020 ) anticipates the future of New Zealand tourism from a Te Ao Māori perspective to provide sustainable future scenarios driven by the following statement:

This understanding shows that the regenerative tourism paradigm does not only operate under a focus on economic well-being, but it also encapsulates environmental, cultural and social well-being. As previous research stated (see Becken and Kaur, 2021 ; Carr, 2020 ), Tiaki Promise aligns with the understanding of regenerative travel practices. Tiaki means to care for people and places and urges each individual “to act as a guardian, protecting and preserving our home” ( Tourism New Zealand, 2021 ). Tiaki Promise is a code based on the commitment by people to care for New Zealand, for now, and, especially, for future generations, which many New Zealand businesses also support.

Both academia and the industry show that there is a strong need to move from an extractive tourism system to a regenerative tourism system that “is rooted in indigenous knowledge and living systems theory” ( Major and Clarke, 2021 , p. 1). This is in line with recent research that reveals that “indigenous people, cultures, wisdom and values play an important role in defining a regenerative path for tourism” ( Sheldon, 2021 , p. 6). Following what Sheldon states regarding the post-pandemic tourism in the Hawaiian Islands, which is based on native Hawaiian values, this is similarly applied to a New Zealand context from a Māori perspective as observed above and again in Table 1 .

According to Matunga et al. (2020) , “while Māori have always been involved in tourism, there is a concerted movement by many Māori towards engagement with tourism as a means of reconnecting with cultural traditions, protecting natural resources and providing employment for whanau” (p. 295). They affirm that a balance between the development of tourism and the environmental impact is required to inform regenerative tourism that puts the relationship between people and places at the core centre of sustainable living and travelling ( Živoder et al. , 2015 ). Table 1 shows Māori values that inform “cultural, social, environmental and economic performance” ( Te Runanga o Ngai Tahu, 2016 , p. 5) as a source for a regenerative development of tourism. These values are embedded in the initiatives explained above and the practical examples show how these values are translated into visitor experiences which drive the future regenerative tourism.

The future of a regenerative tourism

This research understands regenerative tourism from the perspective of a future visitor economy which contributes to all the dimensions of well-being focused on the case study of New Zealand. Tourism futures are anticipated to focus on local rather than global and, even when people travel far, they will travel slow. “We will not go back to normal. Normal never was. Our pre-corona existence was not normal other than we normalised greed, inequity, exhaustion, depletion, extraction, disconnection, confusion, rage, hoarding, hate and lack. We should not long to return, my friends. We are being given the opportunity to stitch a new garment. One that fits all of humanity and nature” (Renee Taylor cited by Meyer, 2020 ). In this sense, regenerative tourism must rely on models that surpass the notion of capitalism ( Mura and Wijesinghe, 2021 ), and the regenerative economy is a driver of regenerative tourism. Sheldon (2021) states that regenerative tourism, as it is also developed in New Zealand, “represents a comprehensive and mature approach to designing the future of tourism” (p. 6) which is based on a change in travelers' minds ( Hussain, 2021 ) that build respectful ties to the planet.

New Zealand has just started the plan to reopen the borders for the first time in two years in March 2022. While it would be premature to state the learning lessons at this stage since the impact of the comeback of international tourism is still uncertain, this research shows the path towards a regenerative tourism. Indigenous communities, who have lived in the landscape for centuries, show resilience and adaptability. Their learning outcome was based on a long story of knowledge sharing which created livelihood-based resources and guardianship, expressed in the regenerative tourism model. According to Haley (2021 , p. 6), “if we look to natural systems and indigenous ways of knowing, we can see that a resilient system has a strong vitality or lifeforce (mauri), it is healthy and humans that live in that system are healthy. When we know where we are from and build strong connections to place (turangawaewae), we are able to share this knowledge with others (manaakitanga), and developing a strong sense of guardianship (kaitiakitanga) for this place and culture, making decisions that will sustain it for many generations into the future” (2021, p. 6).

Tourism operates depending on what tourism stakeholders value ( Pollock, 2012 ). The indigenous values should be pivotal to tourism management and marketing in destinations at both local and regional scales. The assumption of these values by the different stakeholders in tourism systems will lead to an effective regeneration of travel experiences in the next decades ( Fusté-Forné, 2021 ). We as researchers also play a part in the regenerative theory and practice of tourism futures. A regenerative tourism paradigm does not only drive a future visitor economy but also implements a new holistic understanding of the tourism system which embraces people, places and practices.

Māori values for regenerative travel

Source(s): Te Runanga o Ngai Tahu, 2016

Ateljevic , I. ( 2020 ), “ Transforming the (tourism) world for good and (re) generating the potential ‘new normal’ ”, Tourism Geographies , Vol.  22 No.  3 , pp.  467 - 475 .

Becken , S. and Kaur , J. ( 2021 ), “ Anchoring “tourism value” within a regenerative tourism paradigm–a government perspective ”, Journal of Sustainable Tourism , Vol.  ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print , pp. 1 - 17 .

Benjamin , S. , Dillette , A. and Alderman , D.H. ( 2020 ), “ We can't return to normal”: committing to tourism equity in the post-pandemic age ”, Tourism Geographies , Vol.  22 No.  3 , pp.  476 - 483 .

Carr , A. ( 2020 ), “ COVID-19, indigenous peoples and tourism: a view from New Zealand ”, Tourism Geographies , Vol.  22 No.  3 , pp.  491 - 502 .

Cheer , J.M. ( 2020 ), “ Human flourishing, tourism transformation and COVID-19: a conceptual touchstone ”, Tourism Geographies , Vol.  22 No.  3 , pp.  514 - 524 .

Dessens , O. , Köhler , M.O. , Rogers , H.L. , Jones , R.L. and Pyle , J.A. ( 2014 ), “ Aviation and climate change ”, Transport Policy , Vol.  34 , pp.  14 - 20 .

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Fountain , J. ( 2021 ), “ The future of food tourism in a post-COVID-19 world: insights from New Zealand ”, Journal of Tourism Futures , Vol.  ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print , pp. 1 - 14 .

Fusté-Forné , F. ( 2021 ), “ Futurizing gastronomic experiences in natural environments ”, Journal of Sustainability and Resilience , Vol.  1 No.  2 , p. 2 .

Fusté-Forné , F. and Michael , N. ( 2021 ), “ Limited tourism: travel bubbles for a sustainable future ”, Journal of Sustainable Tourism , Vol.  ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print , pp. 1 - 18 .

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Gössling , S. and Higham , J. ( 2021 ), “ The low-carbon imperative: destination management under urgent climate change ”, Journal of Travel Research , Vol.  60 No.  6 , pp.  1167 - 1179 .

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Hussain , A. and Haley , M. ( 2022 ), “ Regenerative tourism model: challenges of adapting concepts from natural science to tourism industry ”, Journal of Sustainability and Resilience , Vol.  2 No.  1 , p. 4 .

Hussain , A. , Fusté-Forné , F. and Simmons , D. ( 2021 ), “ Fear of pandemics or fear of tourism: the challenges for human mobility ”, Tourism and Hospitality Management , Vol.  27 No.  1 , pp.  223 - 228 .

Major , J. and Clarke , D. ( 2021 ), “ Regenerative tourism in Aotearoa New Zealand–A new paradigm for the VUCA world ”, Journal of Tourism Futures , Vol.  ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print , pp. 1 - 6 .

Matunga , H. , Matunga , H.P. and Urlich , S. ( 2020 ), “ From exploitative to regenerative tourism: Tino Rangatiratanga and tourism in Aotearoa New Zealand ”, MAI Journal , Vol.  9 No.  3 , pp.  295 - 308 .

Meyer , D. ( 2020 ), “ Schools can't just ‘go back to normal’ ”, available at: https://www.elmhurst.edu/blog/back-to-normal .

Mura , P. and Wijesinghe , S.N. ( 2021 ), “ Critical theories in tourism–a systematic literature review ”, Tourism Geographies , Vol.  ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print , pp. 1 - 21 .

New Zealand Government ( 2021 ), “ Regenerative tourism focus for industry partnership ”, available at: https://www.mbie.govt.nz/about/news/regenerative-tourism-focus-for-industry-partnership .

Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment ( 2019 ), Pristine, Popular… Imperilled? the Environmental Consequences of Projected Tourism Growth , Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment , Wellington .

Pollock , A. ( 2012 ). Conscious travel: signposts towards a new model for tourism . In Contribution to the 2nd UNWTO Ethics and Tourism Congress Conscious Tourism for a New Era , September 12th , Quito .

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Sheldon , P.J. ( 2021 ), “ The coming-of-age of tourism: embracing new economic models ”, Journal of Tourism Futures , Vol.  ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print , pp. 1 - 8 .

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The Seventh Generation ( 2022 ), available at: https://theseventhgeneration.org .

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老烤鸭雅思-专注雅思备考

• 雅思口语Part1答案
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剑桥雅思13Test1Passage1阅读答案解析 case study: Tourism New Zealand website

剑桥雅思13Test1Passage1阅读答案解析 case study: Tourism New Zeala […]

剑桥雅思13阅读第一套题目第一篇文章的13道题由7道表格填空和6道TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN判断构成。因为文章的叙事线索十分清晰，全文没有出现什么长难句，所以整体而言难度不大。下面是具体每道题目的答案解析。

点击查看这篇 雅思阅读 对应的 原文翻译 与需要大家掌握的 高频词汇 ：

雅思真题阅读词汇 剑桥雅思13 Test 1 Passage 1 新西兰旅游网站

剑桥雅思13Test1Passage1阅读原文翻译 Case Study: Tourism New Zealand website

剑桥雅思13 Test1 Passage1阅读答案解析

第1题答案：update

对应原文：第2段：In addition, because participating businesses were able to update the details they gave on a regular basis

答案解析：根据上一行tourism-related businesses定位到文章的第2段，再根据be able to与allowed的同义替换定位到这句话。details对应空后词information，由此确定答案为update。

第2题答案：environment

对应原文：第2段：… an independent evaluation … As part of this, the effect of each business on the environment was considered.

答案解析：顺着上一题往下，根据evaluation定位到第2段的末尾，impact与effect同义替换，由此确定答案为environment。

第3题答案：captain

对应原文：第3段：One of the most popular was an interview with former New Zealand All Blacks rugby captain Tana Umaga

答案解析：根据interview定位到第3段的这句话。从题干推测空上应该填一个“前运动什么”，对应原文中只有captain填上去语义合适，由此确定答案。

第4题答案：films

对应原文：第3段：Another feature that attracted a lot of attention was an interactive journey through a number of the locations chosen for blockbuster films which had made use of New Zealand’s stunning scenery as a backdrop.

答案解析：根据and与another feature的同义替换，以及interactive定位到第3段的这句话。题干问的是这些地点被用于什么之中，原文中只有films填上去语义合适，由此确定答案。

第5题答案：season

对应原文：the site catalogued the most popular driving routes in the country, highlighting different routes according to the season and indicating distances and times.

答案解析：第3段：根据driving routes定位到第3段的最后一句话，depending on与according to同义替换，由此确定答案为season。排除indicating distances and times的主要原因是文章来自老烤鸭雅思题目明确要求空上只能填一个单词。

第6题答案：accommodation

对应原文：第4段：then view the results on a map. The Travel Planner offered suggested routes and public transport options between the chosen locations. There were also links to accommodation in the area.

答案解析：根据map和public transport定位到第4段的这句话，local与in the area同义替换，由此确定答案为accommodation。

对应原文：第4段：The website also had a ‘Your Words’ section where anyone could submit a blog of their New Zealand travels for possible inclusion on the website.

答案解析：根据Your Words定位到第4段的最后一句话，send与submit同义替换，由此确定答案为blog。

第8题答案：FALSE

对应原文：第6段：The website was set up to allow both individuals and travel organisations to create itineraries and travel packages to suit their own needs and interests.

答案解析：从原文中可以看出，网站设置的目的是为了帮助个人和旅行社制定符合他们自身需求与兴趣的行程。题干中ready-made与原文论述不符，由此判断答案为FALSE.

第9题答案：NOT GIVEN

对应原文：第6段：On the website, visitors can search for activities not solely by geographical location

答案解析：虽然原文中确实提到了geographical location这一信息点，但并没有说大多数游客都会首先根据地点进行搜索。题干中most visitors started searching属于无中生有，由此确定答案为NOT GIVEN。

第10题答案：FALSE

对应原文：第6段：while transport and accommodation account for the remaining 26%.

答案解析：原文中说的是，交通和住宿一共构成游客满意度的26%。题干中忽略了交通，由此确定答案为FALSE。

第11题答案：TRUE

对应原文：第6段：It has also been found that visitors enjoy cultural activities most when they are interactive

答案解析：原文中指出，游客在文化活动可以进行互动的时候最为享受。题干中like与enjoy同义替换，involved与interactive同义替换，即所有主要信息点都可以在原文中找到根据，由此判断答案为TRUE。

第12题答案：NOT GIVEN

答案解析：文章从头到尾都没有对小型旅馆和大型酒店进行比较，题干属于无中生有，由此确定答案为NOT GIVEN。

第13题答案：TRUE

对应原文：第7段： Because of the long-haul flight, most visitors stay for longer (average 20 days) and want to see as much of the country as possible on what is often seen as a once-in-a-lifetime visit.

答案解析：原文中提到，大多数游客都将新西兰之旅看作是一生一次的旅行，即去过之后就不会再去，题干描述与此相符，由此确定答案为TRUE。

剑桥雅思13Test1Passage2阅读答案解析 Why being bored is stimulating and useful too

剑桥雅思13Test1Passage3阅读答案解析 Artificial artists 人工智能艺术家

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