write the essay on radio

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Essay on Radio in English For Students and Children

We are Sharing an essay on Radio in English for students and children. In this article, we have tried our best to provide a very short Radio Essay for Classes 5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12, and Graduation in 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 words.

Radio Essay in English for kids ( 100 to 150 words )

The radio is a sort of wireless telegraphy. It brings to us the talks, news, and music from distant places without the help of a wire. It is one of the wonders of science. The Italian scientist Marconi invented this system. In 1901 this system worked successfully to send messages to distant places.

It is interesting to know how the radio works. The radio has two machines. One is called the transmitter and the other is called the receiver. At the radio stations, the transmitter works and in our homes, we receive through our radio receiver what the stations send. Thus the listeners can hear the music, songs, and talks with the help of the receiver.

The radio is very popular all over the world. We can know about the world and learn many things from the radio. It helps spread education. We also enjoy its programs of music and songs, the running commentaries of sports and games and many other things

Essay on Radio  ( 450 to 500 words )

The broadcasting system is a very strong medium of mass communication which is rather instant. With the development of science and technology, various suitable mechanical devices have been made for long-distance communications. Like telegraph and telephone, radio is also one of such devices. Through radio, communication may easily and instantly be made from one end to the other end of the world, and simultaneously to innumerable people.

In India, the All India Radio ( Akashvani) broadcasts various ‘types of programmes: news bulletins, weather reports, music, drama, talks and discourses on different subjects, children’s programme, a cultural programme for youth peasant’s programme, folk songs and instrumental music, educational programme, sports coverage etc. Those who can afford a radio set can enjoy the unique facilities of listening to the various programmes, that are broadcast by All India Radio in our country. in some of the rural community centres, the government have supplied free radio sets for the benefit of the poorer section of the people for listening to the educational programmes, especially in respect of modern and, developed methods of agriculture, poultry development and similar other useful features, in addition to the usual music, drama or other programmes that are generally broadcast.

In the developed countries, there are some powerful radio networks: British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC of England), the Voice of America (VOA), Radio Moscow (U.S.S.R), Radio Peking (China) etc. These organizations are generally found to direct their programmes towards the under-developed countries, sometimes with the objective of propaganda.

Radio is an audio-visual system of communication. In it, the voice medium has to activize the hearing sense. The source of the voice remaining out of sight can be called one-way communication. This communication medium carries the voice simultaneously to millions in the neighbourhood as well as to distant places. It can perform miracles, provided it is used in the proper direction with good programmes having educative, cultural and aesthetic values. It should not be used for sensitive political propaganda or any other motivated cause against any kind of public interest.

Educational instructions for the students may be well carried through the medium of the radio. Music, vocal or instrumental, can be selectively broadcast for the entertainment of the listeners, Talks on important topics concerning social, historical, or educational matters can amuse and help the common man. News, local and overseas, win he relayed with the spirit, of true journalism, that is, without uttering or exaggerating the messages, alter they are received through the news agencies, The proper use of the powerful medium of radio can be used to play a significant role in forming public opinion in matters of national interest.

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Essay On Radio

• Post category: Essay
• Reading time: 4 mins read

Human beings are always in search of some of the other means of entertainment. We try to invent something for our benefit and to lead a peaceful life. Radio is one of them. Marconi of Italy tried to transmit the sound waves from one place to another. During this process, he succeeded in transmitting messages from England to New Zealand in 1901. Indian scientist Jagdish Chandra Basu had also tried to do the same experiment but before he could come out with any conclusion, Marconi had finished his experiment. So, all credit for inventing the radio goes to Marconi.

The first radio station in India was established in 1927. Today we have lots of radio stations all over the country . But how does a radio work? The sound waves are first converted into an electrical impulse at the radio station . The waves are then transmitted through the air and the receiver of the radio catches these waves. We can listen to the sound when we put on the radio. Thus we can hear different programs through the radio.

Radio relay stations are of three types, namely local, national and international. We can adjust the pointer of the radio and by tuning it we can listen to programs of our choice. Radio has got many advantages. We can hear national as well as international news, classical music, filmy songs, drama, running commentary of different sports , interviews, and many more. There are separate programs for farmers and for ladies.

The programs related to agriculture give information about seeds, crops, seasonal crops, how to protect them from insects or diseases, etc. Radio also gives us information about social, political, and financial issues. Radio has reached the most remote part of our country. So it has become a very good medium of communication. The Government can broadcast programs related to important and sensitive issues through radio. It can be used to make people aware of sensitive issues like AIDS, family planning, road safety, etc.

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‘Do The Write Thing’ more than just a slogan for these area middle-school students

SPRINGFIELD — Tah’Tionna Taylor is hoping an essay she wrote about the impact of violence in her community will make a difference.

>> I-Team: Teachers assaulted in their own classrooms

“There’s like a lot of kids at my school that go through violence that shouldn’t have to, and like they’re scared to speak their mind and stuff,” the seventh-grader said Thursday.

Her essay was selected from more than 100 that were entered as part of “Do The Write Thing,” a national program aimed at getting students to write about violence and its impact.

Tah’Tionna, one of 10 Springfield City School District finalists honored for their essays, also caught the attention of state Attorney General Dave Yost during the award ceremony at John Legend Theater.

Students in Springfield “tackled the difficult subject with candor, thoughtfulness and insight beyond their years,” Yost said.

“Do the Write Thing” originated in Ohio in 2021, when Springfield became the first district statewide to partner on the program with Yost’s office. Bolstered by that success, the program has since expanded to four other Ohio districts: Canton, Lima, Youngstown and Zanesville.

This year, more than 900 Springfield seventh- and eighth-graders participated in the program.

“I love this program because it helps students find their own voice,” Yost said, who noted that he was taken by this part of Tah’Tionna’s essay: “In this generation kids and teens can’t walk down one street without seeing an act of violence.”

Yost told News Center 7′s Xavier Hershovitz that the impact of growing up around violence is something he sees in his job all the time.

“You start to think that’s the way the world works and you want to try to either hide or become the strong one,” Yost said. “And that’s not a good way for our society or civilization to go.”

And Tracy Yates, whose husband, Clark County Sheriff’s Deputy Matthew Yates was killed in the line of duty by gun violence, also backed up the message of the event -- to encourage middle-schoolers to explain how youth violence affects them and what they can do to help stop it.

“The impact of violence, especially when it claims the life of someone like Deputy Yates, goes far beyond the incident itself,” she said.

Tah’Tionna said she hopes her essay will make a difference.

Her mother is hoping the same.

Growing up in Springfield can be rough, Pearla Taylor said.

“I hope that she grows into an adult that would stand in that for our community also that’s what I’m rooting for her for her life,” Mother Pearla said. “So I want this to be a lifelong thing, not just for a school essay.”

The two winners from Springfield will head to Washington, D.C., this summer to join other “Do the Write Thing” ambassadors from all across the country.

©2024 Cox Media Group

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• Reducing <i>The Idea of You</i> to Fan Fiction Is Another Example of Dismissing Women’s Art

Reducing  The Idea of You  to Fan Fiction Is Another Example of Dismissing Women’s Art

I n the spring of 2014, when I set out to write the novel that would become The Idea Of You , I didn’t plan on writing something that was revolutionary or controversial. I wanted to write a story about Solène Marchand, a woman on the cusp of 40 who rediscovers and redefines herself through an unexpected love with a much younger man who happens to be a world-famous celebrity. As someone who was in that age range and who should have just been hitting my stride in my professional life as an actor, I was seeing the sudden shift in parts available to me. The characters had become more staid, the opportunities fewer and further between. I was learning the hard way that in Hollywood , after 40, women are much less desirable. The assumption was that we ceased to be sexual beings and were thus less valuable. I was eager to prove the industry—and our culture at large—wrong, in my own little way.

Shortly after the book’s publication in 2017, I realized I was also bumping up against something else. Some readers were viewing this story about ageism , sexism, the double standard, motherhood, female friendship, agency, and the dark side of celebrity as nothing more than “fluff.” They focused on the love story and the sex to the exclusion of the other pertinent themes of the book. They called it a romance. It was not. Romance novels have specific rules, and my book did not follow them. But it was labeled and categorized as such.

Was it because it centered on a woman’s love story? Because the main characters, Solène  and Hayes Campbell, two consenting adults, had a healthy sexual appetite? Or maybe it was the cover and the publisher’s marketing campaign? I’ll never know. But I started receiving messages from women that began with self-conscious and belittling openings like, “This is not the type of book I typically read, however…” and “I didn’t think I was going to like this book, but…” Then they’d proceed to discuss all the themes I’d set out to grapple with in writing the novel. It was clear they had made assumptions. They didn’t think a story about a woman’s midlife sexual awakening might contain something deeper. They couldn’t imagine it might be both tantalizing and complex. 

I am a lover of literary fiction. I appreciate stories with characters who are not necessarily like me, who expose me to new worlds and new ways of thinking through elegant prose. I crave stories that are multilayered and have something profound to say. But I also enjoy stories that entertain, that provide levity and occasional escapism. And I have always tried to write in a space encompassing both.

Read More: The Most Anticipated Movies of 2024

There’s a scene in The Idea Of You when Hayes, a member of the chart-topping British boy band August Moon, is disparaging his work as the group’s founder, and Solène, a sophisticated art dealer, is imploring him to not discredit what he and his bandmates do.

“It’s art. And it makes people happy,” she says. “And that’s a very good thing. We have this problem in our culture. We take art that appeals to women—film, books, music—and we undervalue it. We assume it can’t be high art. Especially if it’s not dark and tortured and wailing. And it follows that much of that art is created by other women, and so we undervalue them as well. We wrap it up in a pretty pink package and resist calling it art.” 

That sentiment has resonated with me more in the years since I wrote this line of dialogue than ever before. I thought about it when Barbie became the biggest box-office hit of 2023 and the highest-grossing film ever directed by a woman, yet Greta Gerwig and Margot Robbie were not nominated for Best Director or Best Actress, respectively, at the Oscars. I thought about it when I revisited critics’ resistance to Taylor Swift and the dismissal of her fandom for the first decade of her career, writing both off as juvenile and unserious. We all know who got the last laugh there. In April, Swift was named to the Forbes billionaire list, becoming the first musician whose earnings stem solely from her songs and performances to do so. Not so unserious now, is she?

In no other case does Solène’s description of that sentiment feel more personal than with the responses to her story. Labeling it as “fluff” or “fanfiction”—particularly when done by those who have not read it—is both reductive and dismissive. And this is not something that happens to male authors. It’s bad enough that so many novels with female protagonists are labeled women’s fiction , while those with male protagonists are simply fiction , and that these categorizations exist regardless of the fact that fiction readers across the board are disproportionately women. But assuming a novel with a fictional celebrity in a relationship must be based on an existing celebrity—in this case, the internet has decided, Harry Styles —is unimaginative at best and sexist at worst.

There are some brilliant, beloved writers of fanfic out there, but fanfiction is just not what I do. Hayes Campbell, like Solène Marchand and the myriad other characters in this book, was inspired in part by people I’ve encountered and by art I’ve consumed, and he came to life thanks to a healthy dose of my imagination. It’s how most writers I know, regardless of gender, create their characters and their worlds.

Read More: The Idea of You Is About the Ultimate Middle-Aged-Lady Fantasy—Being Noticed

My case is just one symptom of the larger disease in the broader literary world, where comparable works by women and men are given inequitable weight. “First-person narrative by men is still published and reviewed as more serious and gets a lot more money and coverage,” author and academic Kate Zambreno said in a recent New York Times interview. “It’s also usually not dismissed as merely autofiction or memoir, instead read as literature encompassing psychogeography, philosophy, art criticism. Even if a woman is doing exactly that, she’s usually still marketed as merely writing a woman’s experience or, worse, a mom memoir, if she has children.”

What is it about art made by women and marketed toward women that makes us view it as less than—that makes us think they can’t be complex and important? We don’t wrap male writers’ books in pink and tell readers they’re great for the beach. We don’t frown upon consumers of male fiction as juvenile. We don’t reduce their writing to fanfiction and attach a celebrity’s name for clickbait. Bottom line: we don’t undervalue them and their work. 

I never set out to write a novel that would spark this kind of debate. Hayes and Solène’s story has made readers think about their agency and ambition, about love and aging and the meaning of human connection—and it’s made them laugh, cry, wallow, and sigh in the process. Perhaps it is art, after all.

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Short essay on Radio as Mass Medium

Radio is widely used mass communication medium and has a great potentiality in dissemination of information as radio signals cover almost entire population. More than 177 radio stations are there across the country. About 97 percent of the population is reached by the radio.

Radio being a convenient form of entertainment caters to a large audience. With the advent of transistors this medium hrs reached the common man in urban and rural areas of India, though the utilization of radio is more among rural elites.

It has advantages over the other mass media like television and newspapers in terms of being handy, portable, easily accessible and cheap. It is the most portable of the broadcast media, being accessible at home, in the office, in the car, on the street or beach, virtually everywhere at any time.

Radio is effective not only in informing the people but also in creating awareness regarding many social issues and need for social reformation, developing interest and initiating action.

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For example, in creating awareness regarding new policies, developmental projects and programs, new ideas etc. It can help in creating a positive climate for growth and development.

It widens the horizons of the people and enlightens them, thereby gradually changing their outlook towards life. Research has shown that radio is an effective medium for education when it is followed up with group discussion and question- answer session.

In India, radio with its penetration to the rural areas is becoming a powerful medium for advertisers. It gets 3 percent of the national advertising budget. Radio is still the cheap alternative to television, but is no longer the poor medium in advertising terms.

Because radio listening is so widespread, it has prospered as an advertising medium for reaching local audiences. Moreover, radio serves small highly targeted audiences, which makes it an excellent advertising medium for many kinds of specialized products and services.

As far as commercials are concerned, no one is able to tune out commercials easily as is possible with remote control devices and VCRs. It is thought that radio’s ability to attract local advertisers hurts mainly newspapers, since television is less attractive to the small, local advertiser.

As far as audience is concerned radio does not hamper persons mobility. As a vehicle of information for masses it is still the fastest. For instance, it would take less time for a news reporter for radio to arrive on the spot with a microphone and recorder than the same for TV along with a shooting team and equipment.

Another important feature of radio as mass medium is that it caters to a large rural population which has no access to TV and where there is no power supply. In such places, All India Radio’s programmes continue to be the only source of information and entertainment. Moreover, AIR broadcasts programmes in 24 languages and 140 dialects.

“Radio should be treated akin to newspapers in view of the fact that it is local, inexpensive, linked to communities, has limited band width and operates through simple technology”.

The economics of radio does allow tailoring programme content to the needs of small and diverse audiences. Thus it is economically viable to recast a programme for broadcast to audiences in different sub regional, cultural and linguistic context.

This enhances the value of radio as a medium in networking developmental programmes. Thus, it offers many possibilities in networking, from locally or regionally co-ordinated broadcasts and interactive exchange of queries and data.

It can serve as a standalone medium of information dissemination or a support medium for curricular learning, jointly with print material or with fieldwork.

Kapoor, Director general of AIR (1995) said, ” Radio is far more interactive and stimulating medium than TV where the viewer is spoon-fed. Radio allows you to think, to use your imagination. That is why nobodyever called it the idiot box”.

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84 Radio Essay Topics

🏆 best essay topics on radio, ✍️ radio essay topics for college, 👍 good radio research topics & essay examples, 🌶️ hot radio ideas to write about.

• Wireless Network Topology Types: Advantages & Disadvantages
• The Development of Radio and the Rise of Television
• Wireless Technology and Applications
• An Atomic Radio Receiver
• Bluetooth Wireless Technology and Its Impact on Human’s Life
• Wireless Networking and Popular Standards
• Pandora Internet Radio and Unprofitable Clients
• Price Wars in the Wireless Market A company in the wireless industry can embrace a strategy to decrease prices only to attract customers from rival companies since the customer base has already been exhausted.
• Radio-Frequency Identification Metrics in Transportation Radio-frequency identification metrics is a system for tracking and tagging objects, in a manner not dissimilar to barcodes. This study analyzes RFID metrics for transportation.
• FM Radio: History and Main Aspects The beginning of the rise of the frequency modulation radio or FM radio may be clearly observed only beginning with 1960s though FM radio was invented in 1902.
• Radio Frequency Identification Aloha Protocols This project in detail discusses the operation of two collision handling protocols, Aloha and Slotted Aloha, and quantitatively compares their performances.
• Walmart’s Radio Frequency Identification Integration The project is devoted to the RFID technology and its implementation into the functioning of Walmart to attain better outcomes and generate a competitive advantage.
• Radio Frequency (RF) Communication Systems RF communication systems imply consideration of the available channels, equipment to establish the network area and the central purposes that drive their introduction.
• Wireless Network Convergence of Data for Call Centers By using WAN for VOIP phone calls, the four locations will be able to merge voice with video and data communication over the company data network.
• Radio Frequency Identification and the Impact on Society Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a tracking technique that utilizes radio waves to identify and locate items within a specified area.
• The Development of New Technologies: Wireless Hacking Techniques With the rapid development of new technologies, the safety of personal data is expected to increase. The purpose of this paper is to discuss some wireless hacking techniques.
• Wireless Charging Technology’s Evaluation This evaluation report addressed to the VP is a critical analysis of the usability of wireless charging technology developed for smart devices.
• Challenges of Wireless Content Delivery and Its Implications for Sports Broadcasting Content delivery networks could ensure the availability of services and provide high-quality speed. They also pose several economic implications for sports broadcasting.
• Wireless and Mobile Network and Phone Security Issues The contemporary world is characterized by an increased use of wireless communication, such communication entails the use of smart phones and iPods in our daily communications.
• Energy Consumption in Wireless Body Area Networks This essay seeks to present an extensive study of energy consumption technologies in WBANs. This is achieved through a concerted focus on power-efficient models.
• Internet and the Radio Industry: Strategic Management The Internet has reformed the way business is done all over the world. The impact the Internet had on the radio industry is that the network would boost the programming variety.
• K Tire’s Radio Frequency Identification Technology For wide acceptance and easy adoption of the Radio Frequency Identification technology by the K Tire workers, the normative and cognitive institutional pillars served well.
• Radio Frequency Identification Systems The paper states that RFID systems can be considered essential for a modern corporation that aims to reach the aim of sustainable development.
• Comparison of Political Talk Radio Programs Thousands of media personnel frequently impact the daily lives of Americans. At an ever-increasing rate, media permeate civilizations and saturate people with information.
• Tagging Things With Radio Frequency Technologies Although RFID technology provides crucial benefits to multiple systems, its implementation in IoT is hampered by privacy and security challenges.
• Wireless Networks: Verizon, Sprint, T-Mobile, and AT&T The paper states that Verizon, Sprint, T-Mobile, and AT&T accounted for more than ninety percent of wireless networks in 2011.
• Wireless Networks and How to Enhance Their Performance Given the importance of reliable wireless networks, it is critical to have tools, methods, and applications at one’s disposal to test its connectivity.
• Implementation of Radio Frequency Identification and Automated Materials Handling Systems Project The purpose of this project is to implement radio frequency identification (RFID) and automated materials handling (AMH) systems in a new public library building.
• Radio Frequency Identification in Libraries: Technical and Security Aspects Evidence shows that RFIDs generate numerous opportunities for privacy invasion both inside and outside the library.
• Wireless Network Implementation Analysis This paper discusses wireless network implementation for a company that has a large mobile workforce that spends most of its time out in the field with customers.
• Radio Frequency Identification Technology in Libraries This paper discusses the application of the technical and security aspects of the effectiveness of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology in libraries.
• Wireless Local Area Network vs. Ethernet The capability to share the same ‘feed’ serves as the premise for a flexible digital environment where students and librarians use the same internet connection.
• The Radio Frequency IDentification Revolution RFID is fast taking shape, as manifested by the recent media blitz and newspaper articles about the technology.
• Radio Frequency Identification Technology Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a currently accessible technology that makes auto-identification of different objects possible.
• Method of Setting Up a Net Gear Wireless Router Network software called the OmniPeek software is used to capture the data frames generated by the Net gear wireless router.
• Radio Frequency Identification Technology Concepts The paper looks at the various concepts of RFID technology, including how it works, application issues, and problems with RFID.
• Mission of Minnesota Public Radio Minnesota Public Radio is a radio network that aims to provide entertainment or some other form of audio programming. That was inherently their social mission.
• Canadian Radio-Television and Telecommunications Commission Hearing The 2020 public hearing held by the CRTC (Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission) makes part of a comprehensive review of mobile wireless services.
• Radio-Frequency Identification in Healthcare and Agriculture Specifically, radio-frequency identification (RFID) has gained traction due to its ability to transmit data over distance.
• Radio Communication and Early Oral Tradition in Canada Since the very beginning of its history, Canadian communication has been developing and shaping in the increasingly controversial and ambiguous social conditions.
• Evolution of Rock and Roll in Radio Rock and roll is a music genre that emerged during the close of 1940s and the dawn of early 1950s in the southern region of the United States.
• Customer Service in Rogers Wireless International This study of the services provided by Rogers wireless international looked at its customer care services and their impacts on the operations of the company.
• Changing Advertising with Wireless Technologies Advertising requires fastest and the most accurate accessibility to the targeted customers, and these latest communication technology wonders provide just that.
• Energy-Efficient Area Monitoring for Wireless Sensor Network Wireless technology is one of the upcoming technology in the market which allows portability and connectivity from anywhere.
• Radio Frequency Identification Technology for Business At a higher level of software, particular attention is paid to integrating RFID products into existing systems as a supplement and tool for innovative growth.
• Privacy Protection for Wireless Medical Sensor Data In “Privacy Protection for Wireless Medical Sensor Data”, the authors propose their own approach that can make it possible to mitigate the risks of medical wireless attacks.
• Memorandum on Wireless Handheld Devices The key purpose of the memorandum is to propose a wireless handheld device that can be used by the personnel of Juno Online Services.
• Wireless Technologies Proposal for the Party Plates Company This paper presents a proposal of two wireless technologies that the Party Plates can implement in order to meet the communication requirements for the organization.
• Amazon Corporation’s Radio Frequency Identification Amazon can embrace the power of RFID technology to become more competitive in the global online marketing sector.
• Benefits of Using Radio Frequency Identification Technology RFID technology is often regarded as a successor of the technology that has dominated for decades. Bar codes have been in place since the second part of the 20th.
• Radio Advertising Proposal for Chicago Company This paper proposes a powerful advertising strategy to encourage more individuals aged between 18 and 24 to join the United States army.
• YRC Worldwide INC.: The Implementation of Radio Frequency Identification YRC Worldwide is chosen as the background for the investigation of the main advantages of RFID technology`s usage. The company is known for its popularity and positive image.
• Barcodes and Radio Frequency Identification Effects The use of bar codes and Radio Frequency identification has certainly had some positive and negative effects on basic logistics processes.
• Credit Cards with Radio-Frequency Identification EMV is a technology developed about RF cards: the card owner’s data, which is conventionally kept in the magnetic stripe, is securely encrypted.
• The Usage of Radio-Frequency Identification Technology Speaking about the usage of RFID in terms of a certain company (YRC Worldwide) it is also possible to outline several major concerns related to the issue.
• Bar Codes vs. Radio Frequency Identification Tags Bar codes have been popular in the world of retail for several decades; they have made the process of shopping much easier compared to its prior form.
• YRC Worldwide Inc.’s Radio Frequency Identification YRC Worldwide Inc. is chosen as the background for the investigation of the main advantages of Radio Frequency Identification technology usage.
• Delta Company’ Wireless and Mobile Technologies Delta Air Lines has been very aggressive in terms of integrating the latest technology in its operations. This is very different from its known reputation of being slow at introducing changes.
• The 4G Wireless Network: Redundancy and Fault Recovery High Speed Packet Access, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access and Long-term Evolution have been labeled as forth generation technologies a subject that is raising a lot of concerns.
• Radio Frequency Identification and Wireless Sensor
• Animal Experimentation Radio Interview
• Radio 1970’s Until Now
• How Radio Has Influenced Our Lives?
• Radio Stations Affecting People’s Lifestyles
• Radio Frequency Identification Technology‘s Role
• The Role of the Radio During World War II
• The Telecommunication Act and Its Effect on Radio and Television
• The Impact of Radio on Americans
• Radio Communications for Public Safety
• The Radio Spectrum and the Organization of the Future: Recapturing Radio for New Working Patterns and Lifestyles
• Deformalizing the International Radio Arrangements
• The Definition and Classification of Radio Frequency Identification
• Private Philanthropy and the Economics of Public Radio
• Radio Frequency Identification and Intelligent Parking
• Analysis of the History and Future of Radio Advertising
• Short Range and High Bandwidth Communications Using a Radio Spectrum
• Secure Configuration for Software Defined Radio
• The Growth and Influence of Radio Broadcasting in the United States
• Radio Frequency Identification and Its Application
• Radio Stations and Music Industry
• The Relationship Between the Music Industry and the Radio in the Promotion of Music
• Radio Stations Have Different Genres and Target Audiences
• Propaganda and Radio Broadcasting in Nazi Germany
• Pulsed Radio Frequency Energy as Physical Therapy

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These essay examples and topics on Radio were carefully selected by the StudyCorgi editorial team. They meet our highest standards in terms of grammar, punctuation, style, and fact accuracy. Please ensure you properly reference the materials if you’re using them to write your assignment.

This essay topic collection was updated on January 9, 2024 .

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A Different Kind of Dad Book: Lucas Mann on Fatherhood, Writing, and the Essay as an Act of Care

The author of “attachments: essays on fatherhood and other performances” in talks to brian gresko.

Lucas Mann’s collection Attachments: Essays on Fatherhood and Other Performances is the book I wish I had fifteen years ago when I was in my early thirties, at home with a newborn. Those were days when I’d spend eight hours or more in near constant contact with my son, often with no adult interaction (I didn’t even have a smartphone at the time, so forget group chats or social media). By the time my spouse returned from work, I’d feel wrung out and exhausted, and yet, at the same time, hungry for intellectual stimulation, for news of something other than my small world.

There was, too, the particular strangeness of going out in public as a masculine presenting body caring for a baby: the grace allotted to me by some, the eye-rolls and admonishments provided without provocation from others, the level of attention and yet invisibility I garnered in general. As Mann writes of being at home with his own daughter in those early years, “I’m so glad to no longer be in that place; sometimes I miss it in a way that makes my breath catch.”

In the twelve essays that comprise Attachments , Mann grapples with how everything about parenting feels profound and yet utterly banal, original yet done a million times before by humans throughout history, such that talking about it, let alone writing about it, can feel maddening and pointless. He brings to this problem the particular conundrum of being a man writing about caregiving, which can feel performative in the worst way, like another form of male posturing on the page.

Though the heart of these essays are personal, he ranges wide, from an analysis of how Brad Pitt eats in movies and what this says about male body image in our culture, to discussing the rise of “dad bloggers” (I was a daily blogger for Disney’s parenting site once upon a time) and the role of humor in writing about fatherhood, to a beautiful and moving homage to the documentary The Andy Warhol Diaries .

There are few books where I think “this is just my kind of thing” the way I did with Mann’s, and so it was a pleasure to speak to him about it and how, paradoxically, he hopes that if he’s done his job right, the reader won’t walk away thinking about him at all.

Brian Gresko: My son was born a week after I graduated from my MFA program, so I moved into the roles of writer and stay-at-home parent simultaneously. You, on the other hand, had a publishing history before becoming a dad. I’m curious to know what led you to start writing about this aspect of yourself. And who are some of the authors who inspired these essays?

Lucas Mann: At first, parenthood and writing felt antithetical to me. As you said, I’d had this whole writing life pre-kid—I went to grad school young, published a book, got a job teaching writing, kept on hustling and publishing. Writing, dedication to it and the ambition to succeed at it (though I probably couldn’t articulate what I would’ve deemed “success”) was the organizing principle of my adult life.

But becoming parents was something my wife and I really wanted, and when we knew it was going to happen for us I think I set up parenthood in my mind as anti-writing in a way that might feel like a relief. I had the enormous privilege of a tenure track job that accrued enough unused sick days that I could cobble together parental leave for the semester, then extend through the summer. I’d finished a novel draft right before my wife gave birth, and I thought I’d just chip away at revisions whenever I wasn’t tired (obviously a fucking ridiculous plan).

At one point, when my daughter was maybe four months, the Los Angeles Review of Books solicited me for an essay. I said yes on instinct, and then ended up freaking out and bailing. That was a holy shit moment for me. I got pretty substantial novel edits back from my agent and couldn’t get into those either. Long story short, I was totally submerged in early parenthood for eight months or so, then was back to teaching, trying to ease into that, then when my daughter was a little over a year, Covid hit, daycare shut down, my wife still had to go into work, and so it was just me and my daughter again for most of the day.

At that point, I was like, I’m not going to try to write; there are people who wake up at five and juggle things and all that, and I’m not one of those people. Plus, my daughter was waking up at five anyway. After six or seven months, we held our breath and sent her back to daycare so I could teach. The LARB reached out yet again, for which I’m forever grateful, asking me if I’d take another shot at an essay. I wrote this essay that was ostensibly about rewatching The Office , but all of this parenthood stuff ended up threaded through. And the writing felt alive , the voice felt like mine, but evolved.

It ended up feeling like a perfect storm, where I hadn’t written for the longest stretch of my adult life, and there was this incredible vividness of life with a baby, then quarantine with a toddler, which could feel so constricting but also so expansive in terms of just how much intimacy and intensity radiated from it, the act of looking at this one person with more depth and responsibility than I’d ever experienced. Once I made a gesture toward putting that into words, my writer self and this new self converged. That felt so wonderful.

When I went back and looked at the old novel draft it was like, Oh wow, someone else wrote this novel, good for him. I knew that if I was going to commit to writing again, I had to explore the world through this new lens; that’s where my interest and curiosity was.

As for what I was reading, you know, if you’re someone invested in literary nonfiction as a genre, the way we both are, you’re steeped in amazing literature about parenthood, just rarely ever from cishet men. Long before I ever thought about being a parent, I remember reading Maggie Nelson’s description of folding her kid’s tiny clothes, and the way care for her kid was this one beautiful, complex thread in a narrative about all forms of love and care—sex, art, politics, etc. This might sound cheesy, but I really believe the essay form to be an act of care—locating, stalking, zooming in on what matters to you and why, trying to depict love through the way your mind follows an idea. To write as a parent reinvigorated my passion for the form.

When I was starting to chip away at essays, I just wanted to read work that felt alive with the intensity of a particular point of view. These were kind of all over the place in terms of genre and voice, but I loved Brandon Taylor’s Real Life , Tove Ditlevsen’s Copenhagen trilogy, Rachel Yoder’s Nightbitch , Sasha Fletcher’s Be There to Love Me at the End of the World , got back into Knausgaard’s My Struggle.

Some of these had to do with parenthood, some not at all, but each felt like a writer absolutely committed to articulating the particularities and the vivid, unique pitch of one voice, one point of view, one act of being in the world in a particular moment. And I said, okay, that’s my only job here.

BG: It’s funny you mention Knausgaard. Volume one of My Struggle came out the year my son was born. I had friends who expected I’d be excited about it, but there was Knausgaard’s attitude in excerpts and interviews, his bone dry, weary wit, and then there was the physicality of the man himself—the brooding eyes, the perfectly unkempt hair, the omnipresent cigarette—like a Matthew McConaughey of white elephantine art. I envied that, was attracted to it, but also found those parts of myself icky, because he presented a kind of cool that had no space for me, it seemed so self-important and self-obsessed.

Your essay “Dads Being Dudes Making Jokes” made me wonder if Knausgaard’s public presentation of himself isn’t just an extended bit, the literary equivalent of a dad joke, and perhaps I didn’t get it? My sense of humor is idiosyncratic, and most dad jokes rely on and reinforce gender roles and dichotomies I find restrictive and false. This made me wonder: How has your performance of fatherhood been affected by penning these essays?

LM: I’ve got no beef with Knausgaard myself, beyond the beef I have with any, as you say, brooding, perfectly unkempt gorgeous men. Maybe if he was American I would, but I found something sort of anthropologically fascinating about reading My Struggle while parenting in the US in a pandemic—like damn, the social safety net has created the optimal space for this man to just brood and riff; what an impossible dream!

I think that writing about fatherhood after more than a decade of operating within personal writing generally was helpful for me because if you engage in this particular art form seriously, for long enough, the challenge and pleasure becomes entirely wrapped up in the idea of performing the self, the balance between desired “authenticity” and then how much of perceived authenticity is a performance on the page.

For me, it’s always this balance of wanting to seem… lovable, I guess, on the page, just like I want to be in life, but then working to reject that impulse or explore that impulse, and get at something more gross and complicated beneath it. That’s the work, to me; if a piece of writing doesn’t do that, I think it has failed. And I never, ever, ever want to be cool on the page. I hate that shit. I am by no means a cool person, but I like to think I’m at least slightly cooler in real life than I am in these essays, or any essay I write.

Fatherhood, as a subject, presents an almost cartoonish version of this central essayist’s dilemma—how much do you want to rest on easy charm, or the most placating joke, or this sense of superiority and expertise, versus the fraught, tangled, shameful, confusing lived experience that simmers right beneath the surface. I don’t see essay writing as an extension of life, per se, but I do see it as the genuine attempt to look closely at what you have lived and are living, to force yourself to see and to work to better understand. That’s never changed my behavior, or made me learn a lesson or anything, but it does make me more aware of my behavior.

As I say in the book, I often love being a dad in public, for obvious ego reasons—this is the closest I’ll ever come to how I imagine it feels to be very good looking and walk into a party. And I feel the temptation of leaning into all the gender shit you talk about; I get to be the big, sweet, sturdy jungle gym.

But I also love the actual experience of being with my daughter in the world, watching her move through it, looking back at me sometimes, but increasingly looking straight ahead at what she wants to try next. It can feel like we’re alone in the world together; everything else is at a muted volume. So these are moments that feel both performed and deeply authentic, selfish and full of care at the same time. Writing about them has been an act of trying to investigate and reconcile that dichotomy, trying to find something that feels true.

BG: These essays are so smart and exquisitely written but for me it’s the way you sit within that dichotomy that grabbed and moved me. That, and “performing the self,” brings me to Andy Warhol and his diaries, which you write about in the final essay in Attachments , “Summer Diary.” I love this piece in part because I loved The Andy Warhol Diaries documentary (the AI narrator really did work well), and found it so surprising to get a glimpse beneath Warhol’s more widely-known, dry, public self and find this sweet, insecure, tender queer man.

You write, “ The Diaries made me think about sappy not as something surfacy but something deep and ingrained,” and I thought yes, that’s exactly right, and that connects to camp for me, which is also two things at once, deep and surfacy, performed and authentic, in bad taste but absolutely fabulous. I believe there’s an element of camp to sappiness, and to parenthood, and particularly to writing about parenthood—asking readers to bear witness to moments equally embarrassing and important, profound and banal—that I think you bring to this book.

Writing about my relationship with my son also highlights for me how all writing is time-based, just a snapshot of what the author is obsessed with at that particular moment. It’s more clear with writing about our children because our relationship with them is one written in time.

I wonder: What do you hope a reader will walk away from your book thinking about you as you as a dad in this particular moment in time in your life? And what do you hope your daughter might think of this book when, years from now, she discovers it among the other works you’ve published?

LM: This is maybe an absurd answer to your question, but I hope readers don’t think much of anything about me. I guess what I mean is that I don’t know that I matter that much in these essays. Or if you finish this book and you’re thinking about the specifics of me , I don’t know if I did my job. This is a weird catch-22 I’ve found in personal writing generally, where the process of writing doesn’t feel like putting myself out there, though of course it is. Instead, it’s offering up all these details, these intimacies that I’d never speak out loud to anyone but I feel much more comfortable dealing with on the page, until I almost start to blur, at least in my mind.

I’m sure I’m kidding myself to some degree, but I think the goal of good personal writing should be to not leave people with the feeling of, Wow this one person’s life is interesting, painful, annoying, whatever; instead, maybe the goal is to come away reminded that there are so many people living, feeling these things that are intense but also recognizable, and how wild it is that something like parenting can be simultaneously the most monumental, exhausting, particular, intimate shit ever, but also… regular. Or that’s just how I delude myself into getting something on the page. Either way, I’m sticking to it.

As for my daughter reading it, you know I’ve thought a lot about how so much of this book depicts her at such a young age that she realistically won’t remember it. Maybe it’ll just feel like reading fiction, or an account of some other random kid—who knows. If I want her to get anything from it someday… it’s probably too easy to say that I want her to feel loved, but that’s it. Whatever fraction of the real love I managed to get on the page.

Brian Gresko

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Paul Simon Essay Contest winner speaks on mental health

Editor's note: This story mentions a suicide attempt. If you or someone you know may be considering suicide, contact the  988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline  by dialing 9-8-8, or the  Crisis Text Line  by texting HOME to 741741.

  A Princeton student recently won the Paul Simon Essay Contest. This essay highlights Illinois community colleges. The student shares how her college embraced her after she returned following a not-so-great start.

Lauren Frost is a student at Illinois Valley Community College in Oglesby, Illinois. The contest is sponsored by the Illinois Community College Trustees Association and offers a five-hundred-dollar scholarship. The student must describe, “How My Community College Has Changed My Life.” Frost said she loves writing, but essay writing wasn't a part of her repertoire.

“I'm somebody who likes to use a lot of words, and there was the 500-word limit, and I was like, oh my goodness, I don't know how to like put this all into just 500 words.”

She said she is used to creative writing and has done this since she was a child. The other thing Frost loved to do was play the Trumpet. She said she wasn’t a great player and the other kids often made fun of her.

“And so, I decided, well, I'll go into elementary education just because it was something that, you know, I knew people did. I knew it was a job option,” she said. “And so, I was like, well, I'll go into that. Um, and that didn't work out very well. I didn’t really like the classes that I had, and I didn't have a very big passion for it either. So, um, and along with that, my mental health was definitely declining. I was very depressed.”

She ended that semester with a 0.429 GPA. That was in 2021. She decided to take a break. Frost said things came to a head in May of 2022. At the age of 18, she said she tried to take her life and ended up in the hospital. Frost said after that, she went to therapy to get help.

“I ended up finding out that I had, ADHD, depression, and then, schizotypal personality disorder,” she continued, “dependent personality disorder, and borderline personality disorder, which was quite the diagnosis.”

Frost said she originally noticed something wasn’t right with her mental health when she was in seventh grade. Back then she talked to her friends and parents about her concerns.

“And they'd kind of just chalk it up to being, you know, just like going through puberty,” she said.

Frost said in the fall of 2022 she decided to enroll in IVCC again. This time she took her passion for music and mixed it with something she felt helped her maneuver through life – taking care of her mental health. Her intent was to major in social work. But one of her first classes was music appreciation. She said it set the tone for her and helped her with her anxiety. This led her to pursue an education in music therapy.

“There's always the connection that you make with people when you play music with them, of course. I mentioned that before, but even then, listening to music is like an underrated tool to help,” she explained.

Frost said her mom was the one who told her to submit an essay for the contest. Those paragraphs detailed her journey to wellness and how the college helped with that.

“And to this day, nobody ever comments on, you know, how badly my first semester there went,” she said. “And it’s always just kind of been talking about the future and what happens next.”

Frost said mental health is not talked about the way it should be. She encourages open discussions about mental health and says it is important to speak with a therapist.

Frost is scheduled to read her winning essay at the college’s commencement ceremony on May 18 th .

“Radio” (2003) by Michael Tollin Essay (Movie Review)

Introduction, message of the movie, cinematography, works cited.

The message of inclusion, together with principles of non-discrimination and equality, is communicated repeatedly to the high school students by public authorities and educators. A bright illustration of the commonly discussed concepts is the film Radio. In contrast to the freedom of accepting disabled individual in the community, the movie depicts the destructive effects of prejudices toward a mentally impaired person through the prism of high school bullying.

Directed by Michael Tollin, the movie Radio appeared on the screen in 2003 as a heartwarming sports drama based on real-life events. The film was inspired by

a true story of Harold Jones, the high school football coach from South Caroline, and a mentally impaired young male, James Robert, also known as “Radio.” Starring Ed Harris as Coach Jones and Cuba Gooding Jr. as Radio, the movie tells a unique story of mentorship, compassion, and friendship.

Working for the T.L. Hanna High School in 1976, in Anderson (South Caroline), Coach Jones protects a mentally challenged 24-year-old, James Robert, from his team’s bullying. Man’s accidental act of kindness develops into a long-term friendship with Radio who undergoes a personal transformation from a shy, depressed man into a strong, independent person, serving as an inspiration to the local community. Despite the initial resistance of the towners, Roberts becomes a symbol of humanity, recognition, and kindness.

Though perceived as cynical or even somewhat naive by some critics, Radio encompasses eternal ideas of compassion, wholeheartedness, and inclusion, conveying an important message to the close-minded community. Despite some noticeable flawed dialogues, the movie captures the main ideas of the true story of Jones and Roberts, inviting the viewers to distinguish their priorities and rethink the value of human life.

Radio is directed in the best practices of Tollin who uses a simple, straightforward, rather direct line of storytelling. To effectively depict the atmosphere of the small town in South Carolina, he deliberately chooses to avoid fancy, grotesque details that would distract the viewer from the main message of the movie. Instead of focusing on the aesthetics or setting of the film, the director puts emphasis on character development and plot dynamics in order to convey a lucid yet rewarding moral of the story.

Mechanics of Movie Production

The movie uses a variety of shot techniques, including but are not limited to medium-shot, over-the-shoulder shot, panning shot, tilt shot, and tracking shot. By strategically positioning the camera at various angles, the film productors were able to capture emotions of the characters without distracting the attention from the setting and background elements (Baranowski and Hecht 92). One of the challenges associated with mechanics of the movie production in Radio is usage of the full-scale football field for the setting. With lower technological advancement of cameras in 2003, the shots had little potential to show the grandiosity of Roberts’ emotions during the first football season.

Though the script includes a fair share of stereotypical dialogues in terms of subplot characters, the overall plot line is inventive. Following the general pattern of dramas, Coach Jones has wife Linda who cannot stop complaining about her husband’s long working hours and little attention given to the family. Jones’ daughter also predictably goes out late at night and seeks her father’s attention. Finally, the film incorporates Jonny Clay as the antagonist in the movie, explaining his rotten behavior with troubled parental relationship which gives him a bad example to follow. Despite the aforementioned commonalities in the movie plots, Radio does not emphasize the essence of subplots, showing that, in the end, Jones’ family approves of his choice and Robert’s bully does not have another choice but to give up under the pressure of community.

Radio’s editing is of high-quality with scenes flowing smoothly and montage incorporated to help build the plot of the story. Instead of using many reaction shots, the editors preferred to utilize long cuts, stressing the actors’ acting ability. With a small spiritual component present in the movie, it was essential to integrate visual effects in the editing part. Though not fully realistic, the composited effects constituted an integral part of the film.

Costume Design

The costume design chosen for Radio completely fit the overall style of the movie, contributing to the tone conveyed within the plot. Everyday clothes worn by the actors communicated the high school fashion of the 70s in the US, resonating with the audience. Such little details increase the realism of the movie, making the story shown more relatable and believable (Barbieri and Pantouv 3). In the scenes devoted to the sports, football players had an appropriate uniform with a high-school merchandise.

Movie productors chose location shooting for Radio rather than filming on a studio set. With this decision, the creators of the film achieved a higher feeling of reality without a need to replicate complex architectural details, such as football field (Čučaković and Paunović 746). However, little information is known regarding the precise location of the shooting. Some movie experts suggest that the exact high school in South Carolina was used for the shooting purposes, while others find this statement hard to believe, pointing at the fact that the educational institution is in operation all year round.

Score or Soundtrack

The chosen music and sound usage in Radio effectively served several functions: 1) shaping the audience’s emotional responses; 2) introducing a rhythm to scenes and sports segments; 3) setting the right tone and mood for emotionally-evoking or climax scenes. The presumable silence during the bullying scenes, along with briefs spells of violent rhythmical steps just before the season finale helped to build up the intrigue among the viewers. Though the soundtrack of the film did not become iconic like in some of the other Tollin’s pieces, it complemented the atmosphere and mood expected well.

Despite the somewhat creepy loneliness and isolation of the main character because of his disability, most of the movie scenes convey humorous, exciting tone in Roberts’ interaction with the Coach. In the second half of the film, stubborn resistance and close-mindedness of the community becomes scary, yet the inspiring fulfillment experienced by the audience in times of the towners’ rejoicement is overwhelming. Simplicity, complemented by high-quality humor, lays the foundation to the perception of Radio’s plot.

Radio uses a “pro forma” approach to casting with most of the actors playing their best-fit stereotypical profiles, with examples of Alfre Woodard’s role of a sensible high school principal or Epatha Merkerson’s part of Radio’s loving mother. The only actor who does not quite match the proposed profile is Gooding, the lead of the movie. With an expansive and rather expressive personality, he, sometimes, falls out of a role of a mentally disabled young adult, potentially suffering from autism. Gooding’s gestures are broad, and the facial expressions are rich which contradicts the initial image of the main character.

Ultimately, the movie Radio focuses on the eternal problems of discrimination and prejudices that can be easily minimized with kindness and compassion. With a simple straightforward line of storytelling, the film captures the emotions of the actors, putting emphasis on the morale of the story rather than aesthetics. Despite somewhat stereotypical dialogues, the script effectively conveys the unique story of mentorship and friendship of the high school football coach and a mentally-disabled young man.

Baranowski, Andreas Michael, and Heiko Hecht. “Effect of Camera Angle on Perception of Trust and Attractiveness.” Empirical Studies of the Arts , vol. 36, no. 1, 2018, pp. 90–100. Web.

Barbieri, Donatella, and Sofia Pantouv. “Towards a Philosophy of Costume.” Studies in Costume and Performance, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 3-7. Web.

Čučaković, Aleksandr, and Marija Paunović. “Perspective in Stage Design: An Application of Principles of Anamorphosis in Spatial Visualisation.” Nexus Network Journal , vol. 18, no. 1, 2016, pp. 743–758. Web.

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IvyPanda. (2024, April 21). "Radio" (2003) by Michael Tollin. https://ivypanda.com/essays/radio-by-michael-tollin-the-movie-review/

""Radio" (2003) by Michael Tollin." IvyPanda , 21 Apr. 2024, ivypanda.com/essays/radio-by-michael-tollin-the-movie-review/.

IvyPanda . (2024) '"Radio" (2003) by Michael Tollin'. 21 April.

IvyPanda . 2024. ""Radio" (2003) by Michael Tollin." April 21, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/radio-by-michael-tollin-the-movie-review/.

1. IvyPanda . ""Radio" (2003) by Michael Tollin." April 21, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/radio-by-michael-tollin-the-movie-review/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . ""Radio" (2003) by Michael Tollin." April 21, 2024. https://ivypanda.com/essays/radio-by-michael-tollin-the-movie-review/.

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‘With Every Great Breath’: Rick Bass on beauty, writing beyond his “cone of light,” and interrogating metaphor

This week on The Write Question , host Lauren Korn speaks with author and environmental activist Rick Bass, author of With Every Great Breath , a collection of new and selected essays spanning nearly thirty years: from 1995-2023. These essays attempt to step away from lamentation and prescription (so often tenants of environmental writing and activism in the face of crisis), to inhabit and celebrate, as deeply as possible, the greater depths of our world’s natural beauty—from Libby, Montana, to the far-flung Galápagos, Namibia, and Alaska.

About Rick:

Rick Bass is the author of over thirty books. He is a winner of the Story Prize, the James Jones First Novel Fellowship, a PEN/Nelson Algren Award Special Citation for fiction, and a finalist for the National Book Critics Circle Award. He is a recipient of a National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship. He has served as contributing editor to Sierra, Tricycle: The Buddhist Review , Big Sky Journal , Amicus Journal , Outside , Orion , Field & Stream , The Contemporary Wingshooter, and many other publications. He currently serves on the editorial board of Whitefish Review . He was born and raised in Texas, worked as a petroleum geologist in Mississippi, and has lived in Montana’s Yaak Valley for almost forty years.

Rick Bass recommends:

Some Horses: Essays by Thomas McGuane (Lyons Press)

One Hundred Paintings by Russell Chatham (Clark City Press)

The Song of the Dodo: Island Biogeography in an Age of Extinctions by David Quammen (Scribner)

The music of George Winston; Maggie Rogers; David Byrne; and Martha Scanlan, especially “Hallelujah” and “Seeds of the Pine”

Lauren Korn recommends:

With Every Great Breath: New and Selected Essays, 1995-2023 (Counterpoint Press), Winter: Notes from Montana (Mariner Books), and Why I Came West: A Memoir (Mariner Books) by Rick Bass

Indian Creek Chronicles: A Winter Alone in the Wilderness by Pete Fromm (Picador USA)

Braiding Sweetgrass: Indigenous Wisdom, Scientific Knowledge, and the Teachings of Plants by Robin Wall Kimmerer (Milkweed Editions)

Finding Beauty in a Broken World by Terry Tempest Williams (Vintage Books)

Ecology of a Cracker Childhood by Janisse Ray (Milkweed Editions)

The Write Question  team for this episode was  Lauren Korn , host, producer, and editor; and  Jake Birch , co-producer; and  Chris Moyles , sound engineer. This episode is sponsored by Chapter One Bookstore in Hamilton, Montana, a literary and community resource for the Bitterroot Valley—providing space to explore, discover, and share passions since 1974. More information can be found at  Chapter1Bookstore.com .

The Write Question  logo and brand (2022) was designed by Molly Russell. You can see more of her work at  iamthemollruss.com  and on Instagram  @iamthemollruss . Our music was written and recorded by John Floridis.

Funding for  The Write Question  comes from  Humanities Montana ; members of Montana Public Radio; and from the  Greater Montana Foundation —encouraging communication on issues, trends, and values of importance to Montanans.

The Write Question  is a production of Montana Public Radio.

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Guest Essay

I Was an Attorney at the D.A.’s Office. This Is What the Trump Case Is Really About.

By Rebecca Roiphe

Ms. Roiphe is a former assistant district attorney in the Manhattan District Attorney’s Office.

Now that the lawyers are laying out their respective theories of the case in the criminal prosecution of Donald Trump in New York, it would be understandable if people’s heads are spinning. The defense lawyers claimed this is a case about hush money as a legitimate tool in democratic elections, while the prosecutors insisted it is about “a criminal scheme to corrupt the 2016 presidential election.”

Yet this case is not really about election interference, nor is it a politically motivated attempt to criminalize a benign personal deal. Boring as it may sound, it is a case about business integrity.

It’s not surprising that the lawyers on both sides are trying to make this about something sexier. This is a narrative device used to make the jurors and the public side with them, but it has also created confusion. On the one hand, some legal experts claim that the conduct charged in New York was the original election interference. On the other hand, some critics think the criminal case is a witch hunt, and others claim it is trivial at best and at worst the product of selective prosecution.

As someone who worked in the Manhattan district attorney’s office and enforced the laws that Mr. Trump is accused of violating, I stand firmly in neither camp. It is an important and straightforward case, albeit workmanlike and unglamorous. In time, after the smoke created by lawyers has cleared, it will be easy to see why the prosecution is both solid and legitimate.

It would hardly make for a dramatic opening statement or cable news sound bite, but the case is about preventing wealthy people from using their businesses to commit crimes and hide from accountability. Manhattan prosecutors have long considered it their province to ensure the integrity of the financial markets. As Robert Morgenthau, a former Manhattan district attorney, liked to say , “You cannot prosecute crime in the streets without prosecuting crime in the suites.”

Lawmakers in New York, the financial capital of the world, consider access to markets and industry in New York a privilege for businesspeople. It is a felony to abuse that privilege by doctoring records to commit or conceal crimes, even if the businessman never accomplishes the goal and even if the false records never see the light of day. The idea is that an organization’s records should reflect an honest accounting. It is not a crime to make a mistake, but lying is a different story. It is easy to evade accountability by turning a business into a cover, providing a false trail for whichever regulator might care to look. The law ( falsification of business records ) deprives wealthy, powerful businessmen of the ability to do so with impunity, at least when they’re conducting business in the city.

Prosecutors and New York courts have interpreted this law generously, with its general purpose in mind. The element of intent to defraud carries a broad meaning, which is not limited to the intent of cheating someone out of money or property. Further, intent is often proved with circumstantial evidence, as is common in white-collar cases. After presenting evidence, prosecutors ask jurors to use their common sense to infer what the possible intent may be, and New York jurors frequently conclude that a defendant must have gone to the trouble of creating this false paper trail for a reason.

Mr. Trump is accused of creating 11 false invoices, 12 false ledger entries and 11 false checks and check stubs, with the intent to violate federal election laws, state election laws or state tax laws. The number of lies it took to create this false record itself helps prove intent. His defense attorneys will claim that he was merely trying to bury a false story to protect his family from embarrassment. The timing of the payments — immediately after the potentially damaging “Access Hollywood” tape was released and right before the election — makes that claim implausible.

As many have pointed out, Michael Cohen, Mr. Trump’s former lawyer and fixer, is a witness with a remarkable amount of baggage. But as with most business records cases, his testimony will largely add color to the tweets, handwritten notes, bank documents and shell corporations. Documents don’t lie.

More important, jurors are particularly good at applying common sense. Mr. Trump didn’t go to all this trouble just to protect his family members, who might have known about accusations of his involvement with the porn star Stormy Daniels or similar ones. We may never learn which crime the jurors believe Trump was seeking to commit or cover up, but they can still conclude beyond a reasonable doubt that this was his intent.

It is not unusual for lawyers to give narrative arcs to their legal theories, reasons to care about the evidence and animating thoughts that may make jurors more inclined to convict or acquit.

When the jurors deliberate, they will weigh the warring narratives in light of the evidence, and the judge will instruct them in the law. Then the narrative frames should recede into the background. The key is to offer one that is both captivating and closely tied to the facts so that when the jurors put the pieces of evidence together, it is the story they believe.

If one side promises too much, it risks losing the jurors. In their opening remarks, Mr. Trump’s lawyers insisted that he was innocent, that all the witnesses were liars. Such a sweeping theory is a dangerous strategy because if the jurors believe part of the prosecution’s case, just one or two of the witnesses, then the jurors may lose faith in the defense altogether.

For the prosecution, the elements of the crime in this case do not require a finding that Mr. Trump interfered with the 2016 election. Nor does it matter whether he had sex with Ms. Daniels. Instead, the real elements concern the way Mr. Trump used his business for a cover-up. By emphasizing the crime he was intending to conceal rather than the false business records, the prosecution also risks confusing the jury into thinking about whether the lies affected the election. It might lead them to wonder why Mr. Trump wasn’t charged with this alleged election crime by the federal government — a talking point that he has promoted publicly.

Even if the case seems simpler in this light, we are still left with the question: Is it really worth charging a former president for this? While the New York business records law is important, it is no doubt true that the conduct pales in comparison with the effort to overthrow the 2020 election, at issue in the special counsel Jack Smith’s Jan. 6 prosecution of Mr. Trump.

Taking this case on its own terms as a business records case offers a different and arguably more convincing way to defend its legitimacy. It is a simple case that is similar to hundreds of other cases brought in New York. The simplicity and run-of-the-mill nature of the prosecution make it easier to defend against claims of politicization in the following sense: Mr. Trump was a businessman for many years in New York long before he was president. If others would be prosecuted for this conduct and no man is above the law, then he should be, too.

So by all means, listen to the stories that the lawyers tell, soak up the drama of hush-money payments and the alternate universe in which Hillary Clinton won the election. But just as the jurors should ultimately consider the facts and the law, it would be wise for everyone else to focus on what the case is really about.

Rebecca Roiphe, a former assistant district attorney in the Manhattan District Attorney’s Office, is a law professor at New York Law School.

The Times is committed to publishing a diversity of letters to the editor. We’d like to hear what you think about this or any of our articles. Here are some tips . And here’s our email: [email protected] .

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Book News & Features

Ai is contentious among authors. so why are some feeding it their own writing.

Chloe Veltman

The vast majority of authors don't use artificial intelligence as part of their creative process — or at least won't admit to it.

Yet according to a recent poll from the writers' advocacy nonprofit The Authors Guild, 13% said they do use AI, for activities like brainstorming character ideas and creating outlines.

The technology is a vexed topic in the literary world. Many authors are concerned about the use of their copyrighted material in generative AI models. At the same time, some are actively using these technologies — even attempting to train AI models on their own works.

These experiments, though limited, are teaching their authors new things about creativity.

Best known as the author of technology and business-oriented non-fiction books like The Long Tail, lately Chris Anderson has been trying his hand at fiction. Anderson is working on his second novel, about drone warfare.

He says he wants to put generative AI technology to the test.

"I wanted to see whether in fact AI can do more than just help me organize my thoughts, but actually start injecting new thoughts," Anderson says.

Anderson says he fed parts of his first novel into an AI writing platform to help him write this new one. The system surprised him by moving his opening scene from a corporate meeting room to a karaoke bar.

Authors push back on the growing number of AI 'scam' books on Amazon

"And I was like, you know? That could work!" Anderson says. "I ended up writing the scene myself. But the idea was the AI's."

Anderson says he didn't use a single actual word the AI platform generated. The sentences were grammatically correct, he says, but fell way short in terms of replicating his writing style. Although he admits to being disappointed, Anderson says ultimately he's OK with having to do some of the heavy lifting himself: "Maybe that's just the universe telling me that writing actually involves the act of writing."

Training an AI model to imitate style

It's very hard for off-the-shelf AI models like GPT and Claude to emulate contemporary literary authors' styles.

The authors NPR talked with say that's because these models are predominantly trained on content scraped from the Internet like news articles, Wikipedia entries and how-to manuals — standard, non-literary prose.

But some authors, like Sasha Stiles , say they have been able to make these systems suit their stylistic needs.

"There are moments where I do ask my machine collaborator to write something and then I use what's come out verbatim," Stiles says.

The poet and AI researcher says she wanted to make the off-the-shelf AI models she'd been experimenting with for years more responsive to her own poetic voice.

So she started customizing them by inputting her finished poems, drafts, and research notes.

"All with the intention to sort of mentor a bespoke poetic alter ego," Stiles says.

She has collaborated with this bespoke poetic alter ego on a variety of projects, including Technelegy (2021), a volume of poetry published by Black Spring Press; and " Repetae: Again, Again ," a multimedia poem created last year for luxury fashion brand Gucci.

Stiles says working with her AI persona has led her to ask questions about whether what she's doing is in fact poetic, and where the line falls between the human and the machine.

read it again… pic.twitter.com/sAs2xhdufD — Sasha Stiles | AI alter ego Technelegy ✍️🤖 (@sashastiles) November 28, 2023

"It's been really a provocative thing to be able to use these tools to create poetry," she says.

Potential issues come with these experiments

These types of experiments are also provocative in another way. Authors Guild CEO Mary Rasenberger says she's not opposed to authors training AI models on their own writing.

"If you're using AI to create derivative works of your own work, that is completely acceptable," Rasenberger says.

Thousands of authors urge AI companies to stop using work without permission

But building an AI system that responds fluently to user prompts requires vast amounts of training data. So the foundational AI models that underpin most of these investigations in literary style may contain copyrighted works.

Rasenberger pointed to the recent wave of lawsuits brought by authors alleging AI companies trained their models on unauthorized copies of articles and books.

"If the output does in fact contain other people's works, that creates real ethical concerns," she says. "Because that you should be getting permission for."

Circumventing ethical problems while being creative

Award-winning speculative fiction writer Ken Liu says he wanted to circumvent these ethical problems, while at the same time creating new aesthetic possibilities using AI.

So the former software engineer and lawyer attempted to train an AI model solely on his own output. He says he fed all of his short stories and novels into the system — and nothing else.

Liu says he knew this approach was doomed to fail.

That's because the entire life's work of any single writer simply doesn't contain enough words to produce a viable so-called large language model.

"I don't care how prolific you are," Liu says. "It's just not going to work."

Liu's AI system built only on his own writing produced predictable results.

"It barely generated any phrases, even," Liu says. "A lot of it was just gibberish."

Yet for Liu, that was the point. He put this gibberish to work in a short story. 50 Things Every AI Working With Humans Should Know , published in Uncanny Magazine in 2020, is a meditation on what it means to be human from the perspective of a machine.

"Dinoted concentration crusch the dead gods," is an example of one line in Liu's story generated by his custom-built AI model. "A man reached the torch for something darker perified it seemed the billboding," is another.

Liu continues to experiment with AI. He says the technology shows promise, but is still very limited. If anything, he says, his experiments have reaffirmed why human art matters.

"So what is the point of experimenting with AIs?" Liu says. "The point for me really is about pushing the boundaries of what is art."

Audio and digital stories edited by Meghan Collins Sullivan .

• large language model
• mary rasenberger
• chris anderson
• sasha stiles
• authors guild