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Program in the History of Medicine

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Dedicated to research and teaching in the history of disease, healthcare, and medical science

We offer MA and Ph.D. degrees through the Program in the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine (HSTM). The Program in HSTM is a joint graduate program of the Program in the History of Medicine (Medical School) and the Program in the History of Science and Technology (College of Science and Engineering).

We offer a variety of HMED courses each semester, and an undergraduate minor through the minor in the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine. The history of medicine is excellent preparation for undergraduate students interested in careers in the health professions, journalism, public policy, public history, and a range of academic careers.

The Program in the History of Medicine has been dedicated to research and teaching in the history of disease, healthcare, and medical science. Founded in 1967, the Program is located in the Medical School and the Department of Surgery. The Program gives students a historical perspective on the role of health, medicine, and disease in society today. By equipping students with the tools to analyze textual, visual, and statistical materials relating to the history of medicine, students learn to think critically about historical and contemporary health issues across the globe.

Our faculty have a wide variety of research and teaching interests. We teach courses ranging from the history of healthcare, medicine, and society in the premodern and modern eras, the history of women, gender, and medicine, technology and medicine in modern America, medical humanities and literature, the history of medicine and diseases in East Asia, and demography, data, and healthcare.

• Graduate work leading to MA and Ph.D. degrees in the Program in History of Science, Technology, and Medicine 
• Undergraduate elective courses and an undergraduate minor
• Historical Segments in the Medical School Curriculum
• An annual lecture series that provides a forum for the newest work of scholars in our discipline. 

Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine ONLINE HISTORY OF MEDICINE PROGRAM

Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine ONLINE HISTORY OF MEDICINE PROGRAM( SPECIAL STUDENT )

Name, address, and contact section, new student program, education section.

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History of Medicine

The Department of the History of Medicine is the oldest such academic department in North America. We are dedicated to scholarship in the history of medicine, disease and the health sciences, and their relation to society. The Department seeks to bring historical perspectives to bear on contemporary health issues. Faculty members conduct research on a broad range of topics, time periods, and geographic areas. The Department offers a PhD in the History of Medicine.

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Section of the History of Medicine

The Section of the History of Medicine is a freestanding unit in the Yale University School of Medicine engaged with research and teaching in the history of medicine, the life sciences, and public health. In addition to instruction for medical students, including mentoring M.D. theses , the faculty collaborates with colleagues in the History Department, in the Program in the History of Science and Medicine , which offers graduate programs leading to the M.A., Ph.D., and combined M.D./Ph.D. degrees and an undergraduate major in the History of Science/History of Medicine. The Section contributes to the Program's colloquia , and Distinguished Annual Lectures, workshops , and symposia in medical history. Through research and teaching , the faculty seeks to understand medical ideas, practices, and institutions in their broad social and cultural contexts, and to provide intellectual tools to engage with the challenges faced by contemporary medicine.

Department News

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Students and Faculty Mentors Celebrated at Student Research Day

On May 7, 2024, students and faculty mentors were celebrated at Yale School of Medicine’s (YSM) Student Research Day, an annual tradition at YSM since 1988.

Fostering Equity and Inclusion in Infectious Diseases at Yale

The Infectious Disease Diversity, Equity, and Anti-Racism Committee (ID2EA) was formed in March 2020 as a joint effort by faculty from the Yale Section of Infectious Diseases, the Poorvu Center for Teaching and Learning, and faculty in Yale School of Medicine’s Section of the History of Medicine. ID2EA aims to take a multi-pronged approach towards incorporating a focus on equity and antiracism into the education and professional development initiatives within the Department of Internal Medicine’s Section of Infectious Diseases.

Medical Scarcity: A Tour

The Elias E. Manuelidis Lecture in the History of Medicine Monday, February 5th 4:30 PM The Medical Historical Library, 333 Cedar Street

Beyond Human Meaning: A Conversation with Gary Tomlinson, featuring History of Medicine Professor Joanna Radin

On January 25th, as part of The Franke Program in Science and the Humanities, History of Medicine Professor Joanna Radin will participate in a discussion with Gary Tomlinson about his new book, The Machines of Evolution and the Scope of Meaning. The talk will take place in the Humanities Quadrangle, Room 136 at 4:30 PM.

‘A different spirit’ of research: Yale clinic seeks to unravel the mystery of long Covid

Dr. Naomi Rogers spoke to the Yale Daily News about the similarities between post-polio syndrome, seen in some patients during the polio outbreaks in the mid-20th century, and long COVID today.

Body weight: A love/hate relationship

Marco Ramos on CT Public Radio’s “Where We Live”

Dr. Marco Ramos speaks with NPR about the harrowing history of eugenics, the role Yale played in developing this psuedoscience, and its many lingering "afterlives".

Disability Futures and Modern Epidemics

October 23, 2023 at 4:30 PM

How to Do History as a Clinician: A Panel Featuring Current Medical Students and Early Career Clinicians

Friday, October 20, 2023 12:00 - 1:30 PM EDT Via Zoom

The Possibilities and Power of Grief: When Enslaved Mothers Lose Children and Enslavers Lose Capital

October 2, 2023 3:45 PM

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Program in the History of Medicine

The Cedars-Sinai History of Medicine Program explores the evolution of medical knowledge and practice from antiquity to the present. Bringing together historians, clinicians, scientists and ethicists, we combine historical methods with contemporary biomedical knowledge to advance our understanding of the relationship between medicine, science and technology, the nature and experience of disease, healthcare ethics, medical education, and the changing roles of institutions, practitioners and patients in the world of medicine. Our programming, including a biweekly seminar series that hosts international authorities and a variety of six-week courses offered throughout the year, emphasizes the social and institutional contexts of medicine and biomedical science, inequities in healthcare, and the many ways in which developments in anatomy, physiology and pathology have influenced the prevention of disease. The program serves as a hub for historical research, where historians collaborate in a unique “laboratory” for the study of medical and scientific history.

Program Content

Program curriculum.

• A biweekly speaker series that brings notable historians of medicine and science to guest lecture
• Six-week courses on various topics in the history of medicine, taught by program faculty for the Cedars-Sinai community and other interested students
• A distinguished lectureship in medical humanities
• Opportunities for residents, fellows and faculty to engage in historical research under the mentorship of program faculty
• The Program in the History of Medicine is affiliated with the  Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
• A quarterly newsletter discussing the history of medicine and the history of Cedars-Sinai , with special attention to program initiatives, contemporary events and recent history.

How to Participate

Anyone within Cedars-Sinai or the Southern California healthcare community is welcome to participate in our programming. Our online programming is open to audiences beyond Southern California as well.

Program participants have the opportunity to reflect on the nature of medical practice through the lens of the past. Of particular interest to attendees is seeking to understand how the social, cultural, intellectual and institutional context of medicine shaped its evolution into what it is today.

Send us a message to sign up for our History of Medicine Program email. 

Faculty & Administration

Primary and affiliated faculty, alongside our Fellows in the History of Medicine and visiting faculty, all bring their passion and expertise to deliver exceptional programming and educational opportunities.

The History of Medicine Program hosts a regular series of seminars, lectures and roundtables for the medical center community.

Career Opportunities

The History of Medicine Program at Cedars-Sinai  occasionally has unique career opportunities available for outstanding candidates in this field. Typical job features include challenging teaching assignments and substantial time to pursue research.

The Cedars-Sinai History of Medicine Program offers a variety of six-week courses on historical topics open to the Cedars-Sinai community and other interested students.

Medicine, Holocaust and Genocide Studies

The Center for Medicine, Holocaust and Genocide Studies is an interdisciplinary research center affiliated with the History of Medicine Program.

Have Questions or Need Help?

Contact us if you have questions or would like additional information about the History of Medicine Program.

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History of Medicine

Research Interests: Baca’s PhD research focused on the intersections of nineteenth century science and studies of women, gender, and sexuality.

... Read more about Katie Baca

Research Interests: Mexican history; Nahua history and culture; decolonization; parteras; epistemological history of plant medicine; femme technology; history of childbirth; ritual and magic.

... Read more about Gaby Baez

Ori Ben-Shalom

Research Interests: History of medicine; early modern science; intellectual history; European history; Italian history; The Enlightenment; enviromental history; epidemics; historical epistemology . ... Read more about Ori Ben-Shalom

Frank Blibo

Research Interests: History of medicine and science in and beyond Europe and America; history of chronic diseases such as heart diseases, neurological disorders and cancers, of therapeutics such as cardiology, cardiac surgery, and coronary revascularization, of neurology and neurosurgery, of specialty training and education, of global health, and of medical ethics in sub-Saharan Africa; and the origin of neurosurgery in the US

... Read more about Frank Blibo

Brad Bolman

Research Interests: History of the biosciences; animal models, experimentation, and the production of similarity; aging; globalization of science and capital; military science and technology; continental philosophy. ... Read more about Brad Bolman

Alyssa Botelho

Research Interests: History of medicine, public health, and global health; history of biology; health policy; medical humanities ... Read more about Alyssa Botelho

Rory Brinkmann

Research Interests: History of Medicine, postcolonial studies, science and race. ... Read more about Rory Brinkmann

Emma Broder

Research Interests: Contested illness ; patient experience/activism; medical epistemology; history of epidemiology; environmental health; medical sociology.

... Read more about Emma Broder

Genevieve Dally-Watkins

Research Interests: Infectious diseases; medicine and empire; disease ecology; planetary health; immunity; ecology; twentieth-century biology; soil science .

... Read more about Genevieve Dally-Watkins

Iman Darwish

Research Interests: Arabic Science, Islamic Intellectual History, History of Books, Natural History, Graeco-Arabic Translation Movement, Medieval Literature .

... Read more about Iman Darwish

Alexandra Fair

Research Interests: Eugenic ideology, reproductive justice, African American history

Alexandra Fair is a doctoral student in African...

Cara Kiernan Fallon

Research Interests: Age, gender, and disability; history of medicine and public health; history of technology; material culture.

... Read more about Cara Kiernan Fallon

Shireen Hamza

Research Interests: History of medicine; history of mathematics; history of sexuality; Islamic Studies; Indian Ocean History; South Asian Studies; Middle East Studies.

... Read more about Shireen Hamza

Anne Harrington

Areas of Research: History of Medicine, Human Sciences, Medical Humanities, Psychiatry, Neuroscience... Read more about Anne Harrington

Alexis Hatch

Research Interests: History of medicine; medical humanities; public health; science policy; philosophy of science; pedagogy and higher education.

... Read more about Alexis Hatch

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Department of History

Ph.d. programs.

The Department of History’s doctoral degree program seeks to train talented historians for careers in scholarship, teaching, and beyond the academy. The department typically accepts 22 Ph.D. students per year. Additional students are enrolled through various combined programs and through HSHM.  All admitted Ph.D. students receive a  full  financial aid package  from the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. 

History of Science and Medicine

The  Program in the History of Science and Medicine  (HSHM)  is a semi-autonomous graduate track within the Department of History. HSHM students receive degrees in History, with a concentration in the History of Science and Medicine.  There is a separate admissions process for students interested in the History of Science and Medicine. For more information, please see the  HSHM website . 

Combined Doctoral Programs

Joint ph.d. programs.

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• History of Science, Medicine and Technology, Ph.D.

One of the oldest, most prestigious academic programs of its kind in the United States, History of Science, Medicine, and Technology (HSMT) draws together faculty members in History and in  Medical History & Bioethics . Collectively, we offer broad coverage of the field, with expertise that spans Europe, the United States, Africa, and the Caribbean, stretches from the Middle Ages to the recent past, and ranges across the physical, biological, and social sciences to medicine and technology.

Our degree program in the History of Science, Medicine, and Technology is designed to meet the needs of the Ph.D. candidate, and we offer funding only to students who intend to pursue the Ph.D. However, we also welcome applications from students who wish to earn only the M.A. if they have external funding or are self-funded. Students with doctoral training in one of the health professions may earn an M.A. in History of Medicine. It is also possible to earn a combined M.D./Ph.D. degree through the School of Medicine & Public Health’s Medical Scientist Training Program and the HSMT degree program.

History of Science, Medicine, and Technology at UW–Madison is known for the strength and diversity of its areas of study and its warm, collegial environment. All historical aspects of science, medicine, and technology receive attention—from their internal development to their broader institutional, philosophical, religious, and literary contexts, as well as their relationships with print culture, visual culture, and material culture. Students and faculty regularly participate in the program’s weekly Brown Bag and monthly colloquium series, both of which provide opportunities to present work, discuss professional issues, and engage with a wide range of on-campus and outside speakers.

Graduate students come to the HSMT degree program from a variety of backgrounds in the sciences and humanities and with diverse professional goals. The program maintains a policy of maximum flexibility and, insofar as possible, tailors the work required for the degree to fit the individual. Students are encouraged to undertake work in related programs such as history, philosophy, science and technology studies, and the various sciences. Joint degrees in HSMT and another degree program are also possible (see below). Our graduates pursue research and teaching careers in the history of science, medical history, history of technology, intellectual and cultural history, science in general education programs, science writing, and museum work.

JOINT PH.D. IN HISTORY AND HISTORY OF SCIENCE

Students who wish to obtain a joint Ph.D. in History and the History of Science, Medicine, and Technology are initially admitted to one of the degree programs, and should indicate interest in the joint Ph.D. program at that time. After completion of a master’s degree in History or History of Science, Medicine, and Technology, the student applies for admission to the other degree program and, at the same time, to a standing committee of the two programs for admission to the joint program.

Having been admitted to the other degree program and to the joint Ph.D. program, the student then applies to the Graduate School for approval of the joint Ph.D. (See the Graduate School's academic policy regarding  joint degrees  for more information and deadlines.) The student’s application to the standing committee should take the same form as required by the Graduate School and should be prepared in close consultation with department faculty/staff.

Students in the joint Ph.D. program are assigned a home degree program and follow the regulations of that degree program with regard to seminar requirements, language requirements, financial aid, and regulations for satisfactory progress. Since the joint Ph.D. meets the doctoral minor requirement of the Graduate School, no formal minor is required of students receiving a joint Ph.D. However, students who wish to have a minor field recorded on the transcript may complete a regular Option A or Option B minor, or the internal minor of the department.

The joint Ph.D. student’s work is supervised by a committee consisting of three faculty members (two from the home degree program). The preliminary examinations test the student’s competence in both history and history of science, medicine, and technology, balancing the material and fields between the two departments (e.g. two in each, or three in one and two in the other). The number of prelim fields must equal the number required of students majoring exclusively in history or in history of science, medicine, and technology, plus one. Preparation of the Ph.D. dissertation is guided by the student's supervising committee. Satisfactory completion and defense of the dissertation constitute the final requirements for the joint Ph.D. degree.

JOINT PH.D. WITH OTHER DEGREE PROGRAMS

Students in the History of Science, Medicine, and Technology degree program who wish to pursue a joint Ph.D. (one degree, two majors) with another degree program must first be admitted to the other degree program. The proposal for the degree must be approved by the Department of History's Graduate Council before it is submitted to the Graduate School. Students admitted to a joint Ph.D. will satisfy all the normal requirements of their field in History except the minor requirement.

In past years, HSMT students have successfully completed a joint Ph.D. with the Philosophy, Classics, Psychology, History, Chemistry, Mathematics, and Physics degree programs.

For more information on joint Ph.D. options, please contact the graduate program coordinator.

PROGRAM IN GENDER AND WOMEN'S HISTORY (PGWH)

Working under the supervision of a PGWH faculty member, History of Science, Medicine, and Technology students may organize their studies to emphasize gender, women’s history, or sexuality. They meet all their HSMT requirements, take the PGWH core seminar on transnational gender history, and take at least two additional History or HSMT graduate seminars that are gender-specific.

Applicants to the HSMT degree program who wish to be considered for the concentration in gender and women's history should indicate this on their Graduate School application.

For more details, see  Program in Gender and Women's History  or contact the graduate program coordinator.

Please consult the table below for key information about this degree program’s admissions requirements. The program may have more detailed admissions requirements, which can be found below the table or on the program’s website.

Graduate admissions is a two-step process between academic programs and the Graduate School. Applicants must meet the minimum requirements of the Graduate School as well as the program(s). Once you have researched the graduate program(s) you are interested in, apply online .

All applicants must meet UW-Madison Graduate School's  minimum applicant requirements , in addition to the below History Graduate Program requirements described below.

APPLICATION DEADLINE: DECEMBER 1ST 

To apply, applicants must submit or declare the following in the  online application :

History Supplemental Application

This section of the application asks you to provide information about your research interests, declare your preferred faculty advisors, and outline your prior language preparation (if any). 

Writing Sample

Provide a sample that best illustrates the quality of your written work (optimally no more than 50 pages, double-spaced; maximum file size 6 MB).

Transcripts

Upload an unofficial copy of your transcript from all institutions attended, showing any undergraduate and graduate degrees awarded. If accepted, you will be required to send two official transcripts from each institution.

CV or Resumé

This should highlight your accomplishments and qualifications including academic honors or distinctions; professional, research, and/or teaching experience; and any publications.

Letters of recommendation

Provide contact information for the three individuals who will furnish recommendations on your behalf. (They will receive an upload link by email.) Your letter writers need not be historians, but they should be able to speak to your academic preparation to pursue historical studies at the graduate level.

Statement of purpose

The statement of purpose (2–3 pages, double-spaced) explains your reasons for graduate study. It may be the hardest part of the application to write, but it is also the most important. While you will likely include some autobiographical information, its primary purpose is to acquaint us with how your mind works. We want to know, for example, what kinds of intellectual problems and issues interest you, whose stories intrigue you, what sorts of analytical or narrative approaches you like to pursue, which historical writings you admire—and your reasons for these various preferences. Please help us understand your decision to enter the historical profession, especially at a time when the academic job market is in decline, and how you see your own role in it. There is no single right way to approach this part of the application, but we suggest that you bear in mind the usual cautions for personal writing: speak straightforwardly, in your own voice, and write as well as you know how.

INTERNATIONAL APPLICANTS

All international applicants must also meet the  English Proficiency  requirements  set forth by the Graduate School.

For additional detail about the admissions process, please visit the  Prospective Student  pages on our website.

Graduate School Resources

Resources to help you afford graduate study might include assistantships, fellowships, traineeships, and financial aid.  Further funding information is available from the Graduate School. Be sure to check with your program for individual policies and restrictions related to funding.

Program Resources

We offer funding only to students who intend to pursue the Ph.D.—an application for admission to our Ph.D. program, therefore, is an application for funding. We also welcome applications from students who have external funding or are self-funded, including those pursuing the M.A. only.*

MULTI-YEAR FUNDING PACKAGE

If you apply to the History of Science, Medicine, and Technology (HSMT) Ph.D. degree program without external or self-funding and are accepted, you will be offered a multi-year support package, which begins in your first year. The details of our support guarantees may vary by funding source, field of study, and other circumstances, and the guarantee is, of course, contingent on satisfactory progress and performance. Most of our support packages offer 5 years of support and begin with a fellowship year from the UW–Madison Graduate School, generously funded by the  Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation . Our most distinguished packages include two years of fellowships:

• Graduate Research Scholar fellowships  for underrepresented students or first-generation college students—offered annually
• John A. Neu Fellowship in the History of Science, Medicine, and Technology—offered as endowment income permits

Additional years of guaranteed funding will come from employment as teaching assistants or project assistants or additional fellowships. 

COMPETING FOR ADDITIONAL SUPPORT

All students in good standing can apply for writing prizes, conference travel awards, and supplements to external awards. Once graduate students have passed their preliminary examination and advanced to candidacy, they may apply for various departmental fellowships and research travel funding.

Further funding opportunities are available to students who have reached the advanced stages of dissertation writing. Our advanced dissertators may apply for teaching fellowships that give them the opportunity to design and teach an undergraduate course—the  Merle Curti Teaching Fellowship  (open field), the  George L. Mosse Teaching Fellowship in European History , and the William J. Courtenay Teaching Fellowship in ancient, medieval, or early modern European history. The  William Coleman Dissertation Fellowship in the History of Science  supports one semester of advanced dissertation writing, as does the David and Greta Lindberg Distinguished Graduate Fellowship. (These fellowships are offered as often as endowment income permits.) Thanks to funding provided by the  Doris G. Quinn Foundation , we are also pleased to offer a dissertator Fellowship, which supports the final year of dissertation writing in any field.

In addition, UW–Madison offers a wealth of other opportunities to compete for funding offered, for example, by the  International Division , the  Institute for Research in the Humanities , and the UW Graduate School ( research and conference travel awards ).

More details on our funding for current/continuing students are available  here .

* If you wish to apply only for the HSMT M.A. (also known as the terminal M.A.) or for the M.A. in History of Medicine for Health Professionals, please describe your sources of support on the History Supplemental Application. For information on the cost of graduate study at UW–Madison, see this link .

Minimum Graduate School Requirements

Major requirements.

Review the Graduate School minimum academic progress and degree requirements , in addition to the program requirements listed below.

MODE OF INSTRUCTION

Mode of instruction definitions.

Accelerated: Accelerated programs are offered at a fast pace that condenses the time to completion. Students typically take enough credits aimed at completing the program in a year or two.

Evening/Weekend: ​Courses meet on the UW–Madison campus only in evenings and/or on weekends to accommodate typical business schedules.  Students have the advantages of face-to-face courses with the flexibility to keep work and other life commitments.

Face-to-Face: Courses typically meet during weekdays on the UW-Madison Campus.

Hybrid: These programs combine face-to-face and online learning formats.  Contact the program for more specific information.

Online: These programs are offered 100% online.  Some programs may require an on-campus orientation or residency experience, but the courses will be facilitated in an online format.

CURRICULAR REQUIREMENTS

Required courses.

Students must first complete the requirements for the History of Science, Medicine and Technology M.A.

In addition to completing the M.A. course requirements, Ph.D. students must complete two seminars at the 700 level or higher, their doctoral minor or graduate/professional certificate (9 credits), and they must gain proficiency in a second foreign language prior to taking the preliminary examination. After passing the preliminary examination, students register for HISTORY 990 Research and Thesis credits every semester until they deposit their dissertation. Students are also recommended to take HISTORY 999 Independent Work and HISTORY 710 Professional Development Seminar .

Take advantage of the Graduate School's  professional development resources to build skills, thrive academically, and launch your career. 

The Department of History is committed to training our students to develop skills required for a variety of careers both in and outside the academy. Although a large network of our alumni teach at colleges and universities in the U.S. and across the world, a number of our Ph.D.s have enjoyed considerable success outside the academy. They include recent graduates who are currently a museum curator, teachers at prestigious preparatory academies, a historian with the U.S. Secretary of Defense's POW/Missing Persons Agency, a CEO of an investment firm, an analyst for a defense contractor, an editor at a small press, and consultants working with non-profits in the human services, education, and public policy fields. In recent years we have undertaken a number of initiatives, detailed below, to broaden the training of our students for a wide array of careers.

Much of the preparation for the job market occurs informally and over the course of the student's graduate career—in the mentoring relationship between faculty advisor and student, in the presentation of student research in department venues, in the student's participation in professional conferences, and in early forms of professional publication. Coursework, such as for the minor requirement or certificates, can be an avenue to expanded competencies. The Center for Humanities, for example, offers a  Public Humanities certificate . Be sure to explore the Graduate School's resources such as " The Versatile PhD " and its  Professional Development pages .

Whatever career paths interest you, we encourage you to plan ahead and discuss your options—early and often—with your faculty advisor(s), with the Director of Graduate Studies, or with the Graduate Coordinator.

PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT SEMINARS

Professional development events, preliminary examination workshop, curriculum vitae workshops.

These workshops are designed for students at all levels, ranging from first- year students writing CVs for campus positions to advanced dissertators on the job market.

Mock Interviews

The Graduate Program offers a series of opportunities to practice with a committee of our faculty for AHA interviews and on-campus job talks . They are open to a limited number of students who expect to be actively on the job market in the fall.

Careers in History Workshops

• Articulates research problems clearly and understands the limits of current theories, knowledge, or practices within HSMT.
• Pushes the boundaries of current knowledge in HSMT in formulating research questions, in the selection or use of primary sources, or in interpreting evidence.
• Demonstrates breadth within their learning experiences.
• Communicates complex ideas in a clear and understandable manner.
• Gains appropriate experience relating to designing and teaching university-level courses.
• Is able to articulate the broader significance of their work and the discipline of HSMT to scholars in other fields or disciplines and to the wider public.
• Fosters ethical and professional conduct.

Graduate School Policies

The  Graduate School’s Academic Policies and Procedures  provide essential information regarding general university policies. Program authority to set degree policies beyond the minimum required by the Graduate School lies with the degree program faculty. Policies set by the academic degree program can be found below.

Major-Specific Policies

Prior coursework, graduate work from other institutions.

Total credits transferred for the Ph.D. requirements, including those approved for the M.A., may not exceed 19 credits. No credits earned more than ten years before admission to the Ph.D. program may be used. A maximum of 5 credits earned between five and ten years before admission to the Ph.D. program may be used. No credits carrying a grade below B may be applied toward graduate credit requirements.

UW–Madison Undergraduate

No credits from a previous undergraduate degree are allowed to count toward our graduate degree.

UW–Madison University Special

With program approval, students are allowed to count no more than 9 credits of coursework numbered 300 or above taken as a UW–Madison University Special student. Coursework earned ten or more years prior to admission to a doctoral degree is not allowed to satisfy requirements. No credits carrying a grade below B are transferable.

This program follows the Graduate School's Probation policy.

ADVISOR / COMMITTEE

This program follows the Graduate School’s Advisor policy and the Graduate School’s Committees policy .

CREDITS PER TERM ALLOWED

Time limits.

This program follows the Graduate School's Time Limits policy.

Grievances and Appeals

These resources may be helpful in addressing your concerns:

• Bias or Hate Reporting  
• Graduate Assistantship Policies and Procedures
• Office of the Provost for Faculty and Staff Affairs
• Dean of Students Office (for all students to seek grievance assistance and support)
• Employee Assistance (for personal counseling and workplace consultation around communication and conflict involving graduate assistants and other employees, post-doctoral students, faculty and staff)
• Employee Disability Resource Office (for qualified employees or applicants with disabilities to have equal employment opportunities)
• Graduate School (for informal advice at any level of review and for official appeals of program/departmental or school/college grievance decisions)
• Office of Compliance (for class harassment and discrimination, including sexual harassment and sexual violence)
• Office of Student Conduct and Community Standards (for conflicts involving students)
• Ombuds Office for Faculty and Staff (for employed graduate students and post-docs, as well as faculty and staff)
• Title IX (for concerns about discrimination)

Students should contact the department chair or program director with questions about grievances. They may also contact the L&S Academic Divisional Associate Deans, the L&S Associate Dean for Teaching and Learning Administration, or the L&S Director of Human Resources.

See the History department webpage for a full directory of faculty .

Also see our faculty affiliate and teaching associate profiles.

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• Professional Development
• Learning Outcomes

Contact Information

History College of Letters & Science History of Science, Medicine and Technology, Ph.D. 608-263-1800 website maps.wisc.edu/s/wjmlvr3g

Susan Nelson, Graduate Program Manager [email protected]

Charles Kim, Director of Graduate Studies [email protected]

Lisa Normand, Graduate Admissions/Program Coordinator [email protected] 608-263-1960 4217 Mosse Humanities Bldg. 455 N. Park St. / Madison, WI 53706

Graduate Program Handbook View Here

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Postgraduate Courses in Medical History - 30 Courses

Birkbeck, university of london school of creative arts, culture and communication.

• Medical Humanities: Bodies, Cultures and Ideas MA

University College Dublin UCD School of History

• History of Welfare & Medicine in Society MA

The University of Edinburgh School of Social and Political Science

• Medical Anthropology MSc
• Science and Technology Studies Doctor of Philosophy - PhD MSc (Res)

University of Kent School of English

• Medical Humanities MA

Newcastle University School of History, Classics and Archaeology

• History Doctor of Philosophy - PhD Master of Philosophy - MPhil
• History of Medicine MA

University of Plymouth School of Society and Culture

• Maritime History Master of Arts - MA (PG)

University of Exeter Archaelogy and History

• Medical History Doctor of Philosophy - PhD Master of Philosophy - MPhil

University of Leeds School of History

• History of Health, Medicine and Society MA

University of Leeds School of Philosophy, Religion and History of Science

• Science, History and Society MA

University of Manchester Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health

• History of Science Technology and Medicine Doctor of Philosophy - PhD Master of Philosophy - MPhil
• History of Science, Technology and Medicine MSc

University of Oxford History

• History (History of Science and Medicine & Economic and Social History) DPhil
• History of Science, Medicine and Technology MSc Master of Philosophy - MPhil

University of Warwick History

• History MA (Res)

University of York History

• Medical History and Humanities MA

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• Program Requirements

Students in our program follow a sequence of first year introductory coursework and research seminars, followed by three to four semesters doing fields and further research seminars while completing language requirements. After finishing fields, students defend their dissertation proposals with their committee and commence research.

Once the dissertation is complete, a student defends it as an original contribution to knowledge. Throughout their time in the department, students are expected to join in the intellectual life of the community, for example, participating in colloquia and Tuesday lunch presentations. Further details of our requirements can be found in the Graduate Handbook .

In their first year, students take a year-long survey course in the history of medicine, from classical antiquity into the twenty-first century, which provides an in-depth foundation and prepares them to teach history of medicine courses. First semester, students take the Program’s Methods seminar, and a graduate seminar. Students are expected to write at least one research paper each semester until they begin their dissertations. First year students are evaluated by written take-home exams at the end of each semester.

Second semester, students take at least one further research seminar and begin working on three fields, chosen in consultation with their advisers. A field is a course of study in a particular area, such as Modern Biomedicine or Early Modern History of Medicine. The specific requirements for such fields are set by the faculty member directing the field, in consultation with the student. These fields entail both broad and intensive reading, and may include an examination, research paper, and/or preparation of several historiographic essays. All Department students must take at least one field in the History Department ; students have also done fields in Anthropology ; History of Science ; and the School of Public Health .

Second-year students research and write an original paper and present it at the Department colloquium. While students experience the paper as a rite of passage, the process establishes a close mentoring relationship with the adviser and provides intensive training in research, writing, and presentation of scholarly work. Many students have gone on to publish their second year papers and a number have won awards.

PhD students must demonstrate a reading knowledge of two foreign languages before being admitted to formal candidacy for the degree. They must also complete the NIH-mandated Research Ethics Training .

After completing fields, students defend a dissertation proposal with their committee, comprised of members of Department faculty and at least one outside faculty member with relevant expertise. The defense is intended to strengthen the proposal, providing constructive feedback before students embark upon substantial dissertation research.

Students can expect to spend two to three years researching and writing their dissertations. Students are encouraged to apply for outside grants and fellowships to fund their research. In addition to the first year of funding, Department support includes a subsequent year without teaching requirements, to enable research, often away from campus.

The final requirement for the PhD degree is completion of a dissertation that is an original contribution to historical knowledge, and of a standard suitable for publication. Candidates defend their dissertations at an oral examination before a committee of faculty from the Program and other departments.

DOCTORAL PROGRAM

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Welcome to the Department of Dermatology

The department of dermatology is committed to the highest level of patient care, as well as the discovery and development of better treatments for dermatologic diseases., message from the chair.

Our mission is sustained leadership in patient care, in research, and in training leaders of our specialty in an environment that fosters creativity, diversity, inclusiveness and synergy. Paul Khavari, MD, PhD, Professor and Chair

Wipe Out Melanoma

Wipe Out Melanoma is changing the way our community faces melanoma by increasing awareness among Californians.

Find a Clinic Near You

Stanford Dermatology Clinic in Redwood City Stanford Medicine Outpatient Center 450 Broadway Street Pavilion B, 4th Floor  Redwood City, CA 94063 (650) 723-6316

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Stanford Dermatology News

We are stanford.

Meet Christopher Lopez, a third-year MD-PhD student and proud member of the Costanoan Rumsen Carmel Tribe. He discusses overcoming early challenges with school, navigating his Indigenous identity, and his commitment to advocating for more Native representation in health care and medicine.

Dr. Erica Wang

Dr. Erica Wang joined our multidisciplinary program in 2022 after completing her dermatology residency training at Stanford. 

Dr. Jennifer Chen

Dr. Chen is elected President of the American Contact Dermatitis Society.

Dr. Howard Chang

Dr. Howard Change was feature on  ‘90 Seconds with Lisa Kim’.

Dr. Jennifer Wang

Dr. Jennifer Wang joined our multidisciplinary CL program in 2021 and serves as Director of the Cutaneous Oncology Tumor Board at Stanford Cancer Center.

Dr. Susan Swetter

Dr. Swetter is named Chair of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Melanoma Panel.

Dr. Paul Khavari

Dr. Khavari led a team of researchers who discovered a specialized cancer cell that gathers at the edge of skin tumors and aids in metastasis.

Dr. Leandra Barnes

Dr. Barnes has been elected to the Board of Directors of the Society for Investigative Dermatology.

Dr. Anthony Oro

Stanford Medicine recently featured Dr. Jean Tang, Dr. Anthony Oro, Dr. Paul Khavari, and others on "Outsmarting cancer cells that evade treatment."

Dr. Chang is selected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Dr. Zakia Rahman

Dr. Rahman has been elected Chair of the School of Medicine Faculty Senate.

Dr. Dickman in the Pleasanton Weekly

Dr. Meghan Dickman was recently featured in the Pleasanton Weekly to discuss basal cell carcinoma.

Award Winning Faculty

Stanford Dermatology Faculty are regionally and nationally recognized for their clinical expertise and teaching. As a part of one of the preeminent departments at Stanford Medicine, Dermatology Faculty are committed to Discovery, Education, and Patient Care.

Wipe Out Melanoma California

Wipe Out Melanoma: A community newsletter produced by Stanford Cancer Center

Welcome to SUNSPORT

Stanford’s innovative education and research program reduces skin cancer and sun damage among outdoor athletes.

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Dr. Meghan Dickman CTV30 Interview

Dr. Meghan Dickman was recently gave an intreview to CTV regarding sun safety.

Subspecialty Clinics

Stanford Dermatology has a longstanding commitment to providing multidisciplinary care for patients.

At Stanford Dermatology, we feel we are able to provide the clinical experience, mentorship support and educational resources to allow each resident to reach their personal goals and potential as they embark on a successful career in Dermatology.

Dermatology Residency Welcome Picnic

• Dr. Susan Swetter sits with Lissa Kreisler at KCAT TV 15 to discuss Wipe Out Melanoma. Watch Video
• Dr. Howard Chang has been been selected as the recipient of American Skin Association (ASA)’s Inaugural Research Achievement Award in Discovery .
• Dr. Howard Chang has been been selected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences  and  the National Academy of Sciences .
• Dr. Susan Swetter shares insights on interpreting new AAD Melanoma Guidelines. Learn More
• Dr. Elizabeth Bailey had the great fortune of traveling to Nepal with Stanford residents in pathology and dermatology. Learn More

PhD in Exercise and Sport Science Peak Performance Awaits: Climb to Success

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100% online, 8-week courses

Transfer in up to 50% of the degree total

Pursue Your Passion for Human Performance with Liberty’s PhD in Health Sciences – Exercise and Sport Science Degree Online

Are you an allied health professional seeking a terminal degree? Do you want to further your career in research, academia, sports science, occupational performance, or exercise physiology? If so, Liberty’s online Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Health Sciences – Exercise and Sport Science can help. Through this program, you can enrich your knowledge of human performance and pursue new opportunities as a professor, scientist, scholar, or industry leader.

Maybe you enjoy working in clinical settings, or perhaps you are passionate about sharing your love of exercise science with the next generation of college students. Either way, our sport science degree online can help you pursue leadership roles in a variety of health-related settings. In addition to exploring advanced health sciences topics, you’ll learn about important aspects of sports performance so you can help athletes achieve peak performance. The knowledge you gain in this program can also help you work with a wide range of clients — not just athletes — who want to accomplish certain fitness and wellness goals.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) predicts that employment in healthcare professions will grow 15% from 2019 to 2029, which is much faster than the average for all industries.* With our health sciences PhD, you can become equipped to address challenges in this rapidly growing field. Partner with us and earn a degree that can help you thrive in a variety of career paths.

*Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, at Healthcare Occupations (viewed online April 26, 2021). Cited projections may not reflect local and/or short-term economic or job conditions and do not guarantee actual job growth.

Ranked in the Top 10% of Niche.com’s Best Online Schools in America

• What Sets Us Apart?
• Private Nonprofit University
• 600+ Online Degrees
• No Standardized Testing for Admission
• Transfer in up to 75% of an Undergrad Degree
• Transfer in up to 50% of a Grad/Doctoral Degree

Why Choose Liberty’s PhD in Health Sciences – Sport and Exercise Science Degree Online?

At Liberty, your success is our success. We want to help you become an ethical, skilled professional who can make a difference in the healthcare field. Whether you’re passionate about working directly with patients and clients or passing on your knowledge to the next generation of allied health professionals, our doctoral degree in sports science can help you pursue rewarding job opportunities.

Liberty’s degree in exercise science is offered 100% online, so you can earn your degree from the comfort of home. You can easily access your course materials whenever you need them and achieve your academic goals without putting your life on hold. Most importantly, you can stay invested in the things that matter — like your family, job, and community — while taking the next step in your academic journey.

Throughout this program, you’ll study under professors who are experts in sports science, strength training, kinesiology, and other related fields. With their guidance, you can strengthen your skill set and prepare to help meet the need for allied health personnel and faculty. Our courses integrate ethical principles with industry best practices, so you can learn how to lead with integrity in your chosen career path.

What Will You Study in Our PhD in Health Sciences – Exercise and Sport Science Degree Online?

This program is broken down into 4 main parts: core courses, research and statistics, a dissertation, and the exercise and sport science specialization. Throughout the core courses, you’ll study healthcare delivery systems, leadership, risk management, and evidence-based practice as they relate to the field of health sciences. You’ll also explore effective methods for teaching and evaluation, so you can prepare to teach at the college level.

Our research courses cover important qualitative and quantitative research methods that are frequently used in the health sciences discipline. The dissertation process provides an opportunity for you to conduct original research and contribute to the base of knowledge in your field. Completing a dissertation can also help you prepare to disseminate research in a variety of human performance-related settings.

Within the exercise and sport science specialization, you can strengthen your effectiveness as a strength training and conditioning coach, military performance specialist, emergency services and occupational performance specialist, sports scientist, or exercise physiologist. You’ll explore a variety of relevant topics, including sports performance and conditioning, occupational and environmental physiology, assessment and programming, the effects of performance-enhancing substances, and biomechanics. Throughout the program, you can enhance your skill set and learn how to help athletes and other clients achieve their fitness goals.

Potential Career Opportunities

Depending on your previously obtained certifications and licenses, some of the roles you could pursue after earning this degree include:

• Exercise physiologist
• Human performance specialist
• Nutritional consultant
• Sports scientist
• Strength training and conditioning coach

Featured Courses

• EXSC 665 – Physiology of Sport Performance and Conditioning
• EXSC 670 – Physiological Interactions of Performance Enhancing Substances
• EXSC 680 – Occupational and Environmental Physiology
• EXSC 750 – Advanced Sport Biomechanics

Degree Information

• This program falls under the School of Health Sciences .
• View the Graduate Health Sciences Course Guides (login required) .

Degree Completion Plan (PDF)

Not sure what to choose?

Speak to one of our admissions specialists to help you choose the program that best fits your needs.

• Tuition & Aid

Your success is our success, which is why we are committed to providing quality academics at an affordable tuition rate. While other colleges are increasing their tuition, we have frozen tuition rates for the majority of our undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral programs for the past 9 years – and counting.

Eligible current and former military service members and their spouses may qualify for a special rate of $300/credit hour ( learn more ) .

All Tuition & Fees

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Admission Information for Liberty’s Doctorate in Exercise Science

Admission requirements.

• A non-refundable, non-transferable $50 application fee will be posted on the current application upon enrollment (waived for qualifying service members, veterans, and military spouses – documentation verifying military status is required) .
• Send official college transcripts (mailed as sealed, unopened copies or sent via a direct electronic transcript system). A regionally or nationally accredited master’s degree with at least a 3.0 GPA is required for admission in good standing.
• Applicants whose native language is other than English must submit official scores for the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) or an approved alternative assessment. For information on alternative assessments or TOEFL waivers, please call Admissions or view the official International Admissions policy .

Preliminary Acceptance

If you are sending in a preliminary transcript for acceptance, you must:

• Be in your final term and planning to start your doctoral degree after the last day of class for your master’s degree.
• Complete a Master’s Self-Certification Form confirming your completion date. You may download the form from the Forms and Downloads page or contact an admissions counselor to submit the form on your behalf.
• Submit an official transcript to confirm that you are in your final term. The preliminary transcript must show that you are within 6 credit hours of completion for a 30-48 credit hour master’s degree or within 9 credit hours of completion for a 49+ credit hour master’s degree.
• Send in an additional, final official transcript with a conferral date on it by the end of your first semester of enrollment in the new doctoral degree.

Transcript Policies

Official college transcript policy.

An acceptable official college transcript is one that has been issued directly from the institution and is in a sealed envelope. If you have one in your possession, it must meet the same requirements. If your previous institution offers electronic official transcript processing, they can send the document directly to [email protected] .

Admissions Office Contact Information

(800) 424-9596

(888) 301-3577

Email for Questions

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Email for Documents

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Liberty University Online Admissions Verification

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Lynchburg, VA 24515

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Submit your application online or over the phone.

Apply by phone: (800) 424-9595

Liberty University is dedicated to providing world-class educational experiences to military students across the globe.

Who May Qualify?

• Active Duty
• Reserve/National Guard
• Veterans/Retirees
• Spouses of Service Members and Veterans/Retirees

Military Tuition Discount

We want to help you find the doctoral degree you want – at a price you’ve earned. As a thank-you for your military service, Liberty University offers eligible current and former service members like you or your spouse multiple pathways to earn a doctoral degree for only $300/credit hour . Find out how you can take advantage of this unique opportunity as you work toward your goal of reaching the pinnacle of your profession – for less.

Frequently Asked Questions

Are there any networking opportunities in this degree.

You’ll have the opportunity to network with leaders in sports science and human performance from across the country while pursuing your online degree in exercise science.

What resources will be available to me in this program?

As an online Liberty student, you can access a wealth of resources through our top-notch research portal.

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ME.150 (The History of Medicine)

This course is designed for onsite PhD and Masters students registered through the Department of the History of Medicine. It satisfies the School of Medicine Responsible Conduct of Research requirement. It introduces students to a range of key ethical issues for historical research, writing, and teaching.

We review the social, intellectual and cultural history of Western medicine from ancient times to the seventeenth century, addressing issues such as: the social definition of the physician’s role; cultural perceptions of the body and definitions of health and illness; shifting patterns of treatment; the epistemology of medicine; and the varying relationship between medicine and religious belief.

The course reviews the social, intellectual, and cultural history of Western medicine from the eighteenth century to the present. The emphasis is on Western medicine as the result of Western political-economic and institutional structures, cultural values, and the rise and complexities of 'scientific medicine'.

This course introduces students to the key themes, concepts, and methods of the field in a dynamic seminar arranged by thematic modules. Topics covered include: What is Disease? The Healer-Patient Relationship: Seeing the Body; Pain; Medical Technologies.

This course is an in-depth survey of Medicine in Classical Antiquity and the early Middle Ages. All students must submit a History of Medicine Program online application at <http://historyofmedicine.jhmi.edu>. JHU students enrolled in graduate degree programs (not in the School of Medicine) should submit an IDR to their home school to register for this course in addition to the online application.

This course introduces students to key themes and concepts in Medieval and Early Modern medicine by means of seminar discussions accompanied by online lectures that provide background. Topics include the emergence of medical licensing; the persistence of religious healing; cross-cultural exchanges; and the patient's perspective.

In this course we will explore health and healing in the 18th and early 19th centuries. We examine the changing basis of European and North American medical theory and practice, the transformation of specialized spaces for healing such as the clinic, the hospital, and the asylum, the impact of epidemic diseases on the differential construction of public health systems, and the role of medicine in the construction of race, class, and ethnicity.

In this course we will explore the rapid transformation of health care from the late 19th century to the present day. We examine the historical connection between the laboratory and the clinic, the transformation of hospitals and medical schools, the shifting epidemiology of disease over the long 20th century, and the role of medicine and healthcare in mediating colonial and post colonial relations between global North and South.

This course introduces students to basic themes in the secondary literature in the history of medicine, highlighting issues such as the choice of primary sources; varieties of research methods; interpretive strategies; and narrative options. Prerequisite: 150.722 Introduction to the History of Medicine.

Intensive course held at the Department of the History of Medicine at Johns Hopkins University School of medicine in Baltimore, MD. Will provide students with practical expertise in conducting research in the history of medicine. This course is a prerequisite for students embarking on the preparation of a MA thesis.

The proseminar provides instruction on research methods, professionalization, types of academic writing, and introduction to major works in the field

The knowledge and practices of science and medicine are not as self-evident as they may appear. When we observe, what do we see? What counts as evidence? How does evidence become fact? How do facts circulate and what are their effects? Who is included in and excluded from our common-sense notions of science, medicine, and technology? This course will introduce students to central theoretical concerns in Science and Technology Studies and the Medical Humanities, focusing on enduring problematics that animate scholars. In conjunction with examinations of theoretical bases, students will learn to evaluate the methodological tools used in different fields in the humanities to study the production and circulation of scientific knowledge and the structures of medical care and public health. This problem-centered approach will help students understand and apply key concepts and approaches in critical studies of science, technology, and medicine.

(For departmental graduate students after their fields are completed) For doctoral candidates and other advanced students engaged in original research for their dissertation under faculty supervision.

Directed Readings in the History of Medicine

Readings from the relevant secondary literature will form the basis for discussion and interpretation in relation to the topic of the student’s thesis. Course is available each quarter.

Students undertake research for their Master's thesis under the supervision of a faculty member. Course is available each quarter.

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In Matthew Messina's Introduction to Clinical Dentistry class, students played games similar to the popular game show to learn the cost of dental equipment.

Fatty food pre-surgery impairs memory

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University of Pikeville

College of Dental Medicine 147 Sycamore Street Pikeville, Kentucky 41501 (606) 218-5251 [email protected]

Tanner College of Dental Medicine

Below you will find a listing of full and adjunct faculty members along with full time staff for the College of Dental Medicine.

To learn more about each member please click on their attached photo. To return to this page use your browser back arrow button.

Full time faculty, jill keaton , dmd, ms , dabop, faaop.

Dean and Professor, Tanner College of Dental Medicine Office: HPE 301F Telephone: (606) 218-5465 Email: [email protected]

Iquebal Hasan , BDS, FNAP

Associate Dean of Academic Affairs, Professor, Oral Diagnosis, Treatment Planning, and Radiology

Office: HPE 301 Telephone: (606) 218-5339 Email: [email protected]

Full Time Staff

Rachel hall, mba.

Administrative Assistant

Office: HPE 301 Telephone: (606) 218-5350 Email: [email protected]