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Self Introduction Speech [Topics + Outline Sample]

Jim Peterson has over 20 years experience on speech writing. He wrote over 300 free speech topic ideas and how-to guides for any kind of public speaking and speech writing assignments at My Speech Class.

This page deals with self introduction speech topics for classroom or other public speaking events an opportunities in life for a good first impression.

In this article:

Sample Introduction Speech Topics

Sample self introduction speech outline.

Another short manner for introducing yourself is the elevator speech, meant for business purposes.

The key question for successful and effective presenting yourself to others in both occasions is: how much and what information do you want the audience to know about you?

Due to the fact you have to write your talk around one theme, I recommend to develop one aspect of your life. That aspect will tell who you are and what you are about. Some people call this type a one-point preliminary, because it is based on one speaking idea.

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Look at the sample self introduction speech topics and pick out the aspects of your personal life you want to share with the audience. Approach the list below with the who, the what, the whereabouts, for sure the why, the how and when questions. That is an effective way to outline your first thoughts.

• What activity has played or plays an important part in your life? Tell the story and distract the message.
• What is your main personal goal?
• What do you like very much? Your hobby?
• What do you hate or dislike? Your aversions?
• Do you have developed a very special skill?
• What is your lifestyle?
• Can you come up with a turning point or milestone in you life?
• What is your hobby or interest in your spare time?
• What is a pet peeve or another very familiar topic you like to talk about, to do or to discuss?
• Where you are from? Do your roots reveal something about yourself that is new for the audience? That always works in a small nice text for introducing your biggest personal features.
• Is there an object or prop that means a lot to you?
• What distinguishes you from other individuals in class?

Now that you have picked out a central thesis, use this example profiler I have created:

Grab their attention . Immediately bring in your central message and come to the point.

Give some background information . Tell why it is important to you, why you are doing it, why you want to tell them, etcetera.

Now work out your item of discussion in a few sentences. Draw the contours, make it personal.

Give an example .

In conclusion, offer a memorable answer in your self-introduction speech on the question the listeners probably will have when they listen to your public speaking efforts: what’s in it for me? Tell how this aspect of your life makes who you are and what you are. It will be the perfect ending of your spoken presentation.

113 Extemporaneous Speech Topics

147 Unique Speech Topics [Persuasive, Informative]

2 thoughts on “Self Introduction Speech [Topics + Outline Sample]”

i think that talking about some people that have influenced you the most really gives good base to your speech and it helps you by writing about things that you are familiar with so if you write about what has inspired you and what you care about you can easily write about anything.

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50 Inspiring Examples: Effective Self-Introductions

• Structure of a Good Self-introduction Part 1
• Examples of Self Introductions in a Job Interview Part 2
• Examples of Self Introductions in a Meeting Part 3
• Examples of Casual Self-Introductions in Group Settings Part 4
• Examples of Self-Introductions on the First Day of Work Part 5
• Examples of Good Self Introductions in a Social Setting Part 6
• Examples of Good Self Introductions on Social Media Part 7
• Self-Introductions in a Public Speaking Scenario Part 8
• Name-Role-Achievements Method Template and Examples Part 9
• Past-Present-Future Method Template and Examples Part 10
• Job Application Self-Introduction Email Example Part 11
• Networking Event Self-Introduction Email Example Part 12
• Conference Self-Introduction Email Example Part 13
• Freelance Work Self-Introduction Email Example Part 14
• New Job or Position Self-Introduction Email Example Part 15

Part 1 Structure of a Good Self-introduction

• 1. Greeting and introduction: Start by greeting the person you’re speaking to and introducing yourself. For example, “Hi, my name is Jane. Nice to meet you!”
• 2. Brief personal background: Give a brief overview of your personal background, such as where you’re from or what you do. For example, “I’m originally from California, but I moved to New York a few years ago. I work in marketing for a tech company.” Related: 10 Smart Answers: “Tell Me About Yourself”
• 3. Professional experience: Highlight your relevant professional experience, including your current or previous job titles and any notable achievements. For example, “I’ve been working in marketing for about 5 years now, and I’m currently a Senior Marketing Manager at my company. Last year, I led a successful campaign that resulted in a 20% increase in sales.” Related: How to Describe Yourself (Best Examples for Job Interviews)
• 4. Skills and strengths: Mention any skills or strengths that are relevant to the conversation or the situation you’re in. For example, “I’m really passionate about data analysis and using insights to inform marketing strategy. I’m also a strong communicator and enjoy collaborating with cross-functional teams.” Related: 195 Positive Words to Describe Yourself [with Examples] 35 Smart Answers to “What Are Your Strengths?” What Are Your Strengths And Weaknesses? (Answers & Strategies)
• 5. Personal interests: Wrap up your self-introduction by mentioning a few personal interests or hobbies, which can help to humanize you and make you more relatable. For example, “In my free time, I love hiking and exploring new trails. I’m also a big fan of trying out new restaurants and cooking at home.”
• Related: Core Values List: 150+ Awesome Examples of Personal Values Best Examples of “Fun Facts About Me” What Are Your Values? How to Discover Your Values

Part 2 Examples of Good Self Introductions in a Job Interview

Try to cover these aspects:

• Current or most recent position/job
• A relevant accomplishment or strength
• Why you are excited about the company or role

Templates and Scripts

“Hello, my name is [Your Name], and I recently worked as a [Your Most Recent Position] at [Company/Organization]. I successfully managed a team of [Number] members, achieving a [Relevant Accomplishment or Growth]. I’m excited about the opportunity at [Interviewer’s Company] because [Reason Why You’re Interested].”

“Hi, I’m [Your Name], a [Current Job Title or Major Accomplishment]. I’m passionate about [Relevant Industry or Skillset] and have a proven track record of [Specific Result or Achievement]. I believe my skills and experience make me well-suited for this role at [Company], and I’m excited to explore how I can contribute to [Company Goal or Project].”

“Hi, my name is Jane Doe, and I’m the Assistant Marketing Manager at ABC Corp. I recently implemented a successful social media campaign, which increased engagement by 30%. I’m thrilled about the possibility of working with XYZ Inc. because of your innovative marketing strategies.”

“Hello, I’m John Smith, a financial analyst with five years of experience in the banking industry. I’ve consistently exceeded sales targets and helped my team win an award for excellent customer service. I’m excited to join DEF Ltd. because of your focus on sustainable and responsible investing.”

Try to tailor your introduction to the specific interview situation and always show enthusiasm for the position and company. This will show the interviewer that you are the right fit.

Related: How to Describe Yourself (Best Examples for Job Interviews)

Part 3 Examples of Good Self Introductions in a Meeting

General tips.

• Start with a greeting: Begin with a simple “hello” or “good morning.”
• State your name clearly: Don’t assume everyone knows you already.
• Mention your role in the company: Help others understand your position.
• Share relevant experience or accomplishments: Give context to your expertise.
• Be brief: Save detailed explanations for later conversations.
• Show enthusiasm: Display interest in the meeting and its objectives.
• Welcome others: Encourage a sense of connection and camaraderie.
• Basic introduction : Hi, I’m [Name], and I work as a [Your Role] in the [Department]. It’s great to meet you all.
• Involvement-focused : Good morning, everyone. I’m [Name], [Your Role]. I handle [Responsibility] in our team, and I’m looking forward to working with you on [Project].
• Experience-based : Hello! My name is [Name] and I’m the [Your Role] here. I’ve [Number of Years] of experience in [Skills or Industry], so I hope to contribute to our discussions during the meeting.
• New team member : Hi, I’m [Name]. I just joined the [Department] team as the new [Your Role]. I have a background in [Relevant Experience] and am excited to start working with you on our projects!
• External consultant : Hello everyone, my name is [Name], and I’m here in my capacity as a [Your Role] with [Your Company]. I specialize in [Skill or Industry], and I’m looking forward to partnering with your team to achieve our goals.
• Guest speaker : Good morning, I’m [Name], a [Your Position] at [Organization]. I have expertise in [Subject], and I’m honored to be here today to share my insights with you.

Related: 10 Smart Answers: “Tell Me About Yourself”

Part 4 Examples of Casual Self-Introductions in Group Settings

Template 1:.

“Hi, I’m [your name], and I’m a [profession or role]. I love [personal hobby or interest].”

“Hi, I’m Emily, and I’m a pediatric nurse. I love gardening and spending my weekends tending to my colorful flower beds.”

“Hello, I’m Mark, and I work as a data analyst. I love reading science fiction novels and discussing the intricacies of the stories with fellow book enthusiasts.”

“Hey there, I’m Jessica, and I’m a chef. I have a passion for traveling and trying new cuisines from around the world, which complements my profession perfectly.”

Template 2:

“Hey everyone, my name is [your name]. I work as a [profession or role], and when I’m not doing that, I enjoy [activity].”

“Hey everyone, my name is Alex. I work as a marketing manager, and when I’m not doing that, I enjoy hiking in the wilderness and capturing the beauty of nature with my camera.”

“Hello, I’m Michael. I work as a software developer, and when I’m not coding, I enjoy playing chess competitively and participating in local tournaments.”

“Hi there, I’m Sarah. I work as a veterinarian, and when I’m not taking care of animals, I enjoy painting landscapes and creating art inspired by my love for wildlife.”

“Hi there! I’m [your name]. I’m currently working as a [profession or role], and I have a passion for [hobby or interest].”

“Hi there! I’m Rachel. I’m currently working as a social worker, and I have a passion for advocating for mental health awareness and supporting individuals on their journeys to recovery.”

“Hello, I’m David. I’m currently working as a financial analyst, and I have a passion for volunteering at local animal shelters and helping rescue animals find their forever homes.”

“Hey, I’m Lisa. I’m currently working as a marine biologist, and I have a passion for scuba diving and exploring the vibrant underwater ecosystems that our oceans hold.”

Related: 195 Positive Words to Describe Yourself [with Examples]

Part 5 Examples of Good Self-Introductions on the First Day of Work

• Simple Introduction : “Hi, my name is [Your name], and I’m the new [Your position] here. I recently graduated from [Your university or institution] and am excited to join the team. I’m looking forward to working with you all.”
• Professional Background : “Hello everyone, I’m [Your name]. I’ve joined as the new [Your position]. With my background in [Your skills or experience], I’m eager to contribute to our projects and learn from all of you. Don’t hesitate to reach out if you have any questions.”
• Personal Touch : “Hey there! I’m [Your name], and I’ve recently joined as the new [Your position]. On the personal side, I enjoy [Your hobbies] during my free time. I’m looking forward to getting to know all of you and working together.”

Feel free to tweak these scripts as needed to fit your personality and work environment!

Here are some specific examples of self-introductions on the first day of work:

• “Hi, my name is Alex, and I’m excited to be the new Marketing Manager here. I’ve been in the marketing industry for five years and have worked on various campaigns. Outside of work, I love exploring new hiking trails and photography. I can’t wait to collaborate with you all.”
• “Hello, I’m Priya, your new Software Engineer. I graduated from XYZ University with a degree in computer science and have experience in Python, Java, and web development. In my free time, I enjoy playing the guitar and attending live concerts. I’m eager to contribute to our team’s success and learn from all of you.”

Related: Core Values List: 150+ Awesome Examples of Personal Values

Part 6 Examples of Good Self Introductions in a Social Setting

Casual gatherings: “Hi, I’m [Name]. Nice to meet you! I’m a huge fan of [hobby]. How about you, what do you enjoy doing in your free time?”

Networking events: “Hello, I’m [Name] and I work as a [profession] at [company]. I’m excited to learn more about what everyone here does. What brings you here today?”

Parties at a friend’s house: “Hi there, my name is [Name]. I’m a friend of [host’s name] from [work/school/etc]. How do you know [host’s name]?”

• Casual gathering: “Hey, my name is Jane. Great to meet you! I love exploring new coffee shops around the city. What’s your favorite thing to do on weekends?”
• Networking event: “Hi, I’m John, a website developer at XY Technologies. I’m eager to connect with people in the industry. What’s your field of expertise?”
• Party at a friend’s house: “Hello, I’m Laura. I met our host, Emily, in our college photography club. How did you and Emily become friends?”

Related: Best Examples of “Fun Facts About Me”

Part 7 Examples of Good Self Introductions on Social Media

• Keep it brief: Social media is fast-paced, so stick to the essentials and keep your audience engaged.
• Show your personality: Let your audience know who you are beyond your job title or education.
• Include a call-to-action: Encourage your followers to engage with you by asking a question or directing them to your website or other social media profiles.

Template 1: Brief and professional

Hi, I’m [Your Name]. I’m a [Job Title/Field] with a passion for [Interests or Hobbies]. Connect with me to chat about [Subject Matter] or find more of my work at [Website or Social Media Handle].

Template 2: Casual and personal

Hey there! I’m [Your Name] and I love all things [Interest or Hobby]. In my day job, I work as a [Job Title/Field]. Let’s connect and talk about [Shared Interest] or find me on [Other Social Media Platforms]!

Template 3: Skill-focused

Hi, I’m [Your Name], a [Job Title/Field] specializing in [Skills or Expertise]. Excited to network and share insights on [Subject Matter]. Reach out if you need help with [Skill or Topic] or want to discuss [Related Interest]!

Example 1: Brief and professional

Hi, I’m Jane Doe. I’m a Marketing Manager with a passion for photography and blogging. Connect with me to chat about the latest digital marketing trends or find more of my work at jdoephotography.com.

Example 2: Casual and personal

Hey there! I’m John Smith and I love all things coffee and travel. In my day job, I work as a software developer. Let’s connect and talk about adventures or find me on Instagram at @johnsmithontour!

Example 3: Skill-focused

Hi, I’m Lisa Brown, a Graphic Designer specializing in branding and typography. Excited to network and share insights on design. Reach out if you need help with creating visually appealing brand identities or want to discuss minimalistic art!

Part 8 Self-Introductions in a Public Speaking Scenario

• Professional introduction: “Hello, my name is [Your Name], and I have [number of years] of experience working in [your field]. Throughout my career, I have [briefly mention one or two significant accomplishments]. Today, I am excited to share [the main point of your presentation].”
• Casual introduction: “Hey everyone, I’m [Your Name], and I [briefly describe yourself, e.g., your hobbies or interests]. I’m really thrilled to talk to you about [the main point of your presentation]. Let’s dive right into it!”
• Creative introduction: “Imagine [paint a visual with a relevant story]. That’s where my passion began for [the main point of your presentation]. My name is [Your Name], and [mention relevant background/information].”
• Professional introduction: “Hello, my name is Jane Smith, and I have 15 years of experience working in marketing and advertisement. Throughout my career, I have helped companies increase their revenue by up to 50% using creative marketing strategies. Today, I am excited to share my insights in implementing effective social media campaigns.”
• Casual introduction: “Hey everyone, I’m John Doe, and I love hiking and playing the guitar in my free time. I’m really thrilled to talk to you about the impact of music on mental well-being, a topic close to my heart. Let’s dive right into it!”
• Creative introduction: “Imagine standing at the edge of a cliff, looking down at the breathtaking view of nature. That’s where my passion began for landscape photography. My name is Alex Brown, and I’ve been fortunate enough to turn my hobby into a successful career. Today, I’ll share my expertise on capturing stunning images with just a few simple techniques.”

Effective Templates for Self-Introductions

Part 9 name-role-achievements method template and examples.

When introducing yourself, consider using the NAME-ROLE-ACHIEVEMENTS template. Start with your name, then mention the role you’re in, and highlight key achievements or experiences you’d like to share.

“Hello, I’m [Your Name]. I’m currently working as a [Your Current Role/Position] with [Your Current Company/Organization]. Some of my key achievements or experiences include [Highlight 2-3 Achievements or Experiences].”

“Hello, I’m Sarah Johnson. I’m a Senior Software Engineer with over 10 years of experience in the tech industry. Some of my key achievements include leading a cross-functional team to develop a groundbreaking mobile app that garnered over 5 million downloads and receiving the ‘Tech Innovator of the Year’ award in 2020.”

“Hi there, my name is [Your Name]. I serve as a [Your Current Role] at [Your Current Workplace]. In my role, I’ve had the opportunity to [Describe What You Do]. One of my proudest achievements is [Highlight a Significant Achievement].”

“Hi there, my name is David Martinez. I currently serve as the Director of Marketing at XYZ Company. In my role, I’ve successfully executed several high-impact marketing campaigns, resulting in a 30% increase in brand visibility and a 15% boost in revenue last year.”

Template 3:

“Greetings, I’m [Your Name]. I hold the position of [Your Current Role] at [Your Current Company]. With [Number of Years] years of experience in [Your Industry], I’ve had the privilege of [Mention a Notable Experience].”

“Greetings, I’m Emily Anderson. I hold the position of Senior Marketing Manager at BrightStar Solutions. With over 8 years of experience in the technology and marketing industry, I’ve had the privilege of spearheading the launch of our flagship product, which led to a 40% increase in market share within just six months.”

Part 10 Past-Present-Future Method Template and Examples

Another template is the PAST-PRESENT-FUTURE method, where you talk about your past experiences, your current situation, and your future goals in a concise and engaging manner.

“In the past, I worked as a [Your Previous Role] where I [Briefly Describe Your Previous Role]. Currently, I am [Your Current Role] at [Your Current Workplace], where I [Briefly Describe Your Current Responsibilities]. Looking to the future, my goal is to [Your Future Aspirations].”

“In the past, I worked as a project manager at ABC Corporation, where I oversaw the successful delivery of multiple complex projects, each on time and within budget. Currently, I’m pursuing an MBA degree to enhance my business acumen and leadership skills. Looking to the future, my goal is to leverage my project management experience and MBA education to take on more strategic roles in the company and contribute to its long-term growth.”

“In my earlier career, I [Describe Your Past Career Experience]. Today, I’m [Your Current Role] at [Your Current Company], where I [Discuss Your Current Contributions]. As I look ahead, I’m excited to [Outline Your Future Plans and Aspirations].”

“In my previous role as a software developer, I had the opportunity to work on cutting-edge technologies, including AI and machine learning. Today, I’m a data scientist at XYZ Labs, where I analyze large datasets to extract valuable insights. In the future, I aspire to lead a team of data scientists and contribute to groundbreaking research in the field of artificial intelligence.”

“During my previous role as a [Your Previous Role], I [Discuss a Relevant Past Achievement or Experience]. Now, I am in the position of [Your Current Role] at [Your Current Company], focusing on [Describe Your Current Focus]. My vision for the future is to [Share Your Future Goals].”

“During my previous role as a Sales Associate at Maplewood Retail, I consistently exceeded monthly sales targets by fostering strong customer relationships and providing exceptional service. Now, I am in the position of Assistant Store Manager at Hillside Emporium, where I focus on optimizing store operations and training the sales team to deliver outstanding customer experiences. My vision for the future is to continue growing in the retail industry and eventually take on a leadership role in multi-store management.”

Examples of Self-introduction Emails

Part 11 job application self-introduction email example.

Subject: Introduction from [Your Name] – [Job Title] Application

Dear [Hiring Manager’s Name],

I am writing to introduce myself and express my interest in the [Job Title] position at [Company Name]. My name is [Your Name], and I am a [Your Profession] with [Number of Years] of experience in the field.

I am impressed with [Company Name]’s reputation for [Company’s Achievements or Mission]. I am confident that my skills and experience align with the requirements of the job, and I am excited about the opportunity to contribute to the company’s success.

Please find my resume attached for your review. I would appreciate the opportunity to discuss my qualifications further and learn more about the position. Thank you for considering my application.

Sincerely, [Your Name]

Related: Get More Interviews: Follow Up on Job Applications (Templates)

Part 12 Networking Event Self-Introduction Email Example

Subject: Introduction from [Your Name]

Dear [Recipient’s Name],

I hope this email finds you well. My name is [Your Name], and I am excited to introduce myself to you. I am currently working as a [Your Profession] and have been in the field for [Number of Years]. I am attending the [Networking Event Name] event next week and I am hoping to meet new people and expand my network.

I am interested in learning more about your work and experience in the industry. Would it be possible to schedule a quick call or meeting during the event to chat further?

Thank you for your time, and I look forward to hearing back from you.

Best regards, [Your Name]

Part 13 Conference Self-Introduction Email Example

Subject: Introduction from [Your Name] – [Conference or Event Name]

I am excited to introduce myself to you as a fellow attendee of [Conference or Event Name]. My name is [Your Name], and I am a [Your Profession or Industry].

I am looking forward to the conference and the opportunity to network with industry experts like yourself. I am particularly interested in [Conference or Event Topics], and I would love to discuss these topics further with you.

If you have some free time during the conference, would you be interested in meeting up for coffee or lunch? I would love to learn more about your experience and insights in the industry.

Part 14 Freelance Work Self-Introduction Email Example

Subject: Introduction from [Your Name] – Freelance Writer

Dear [Client’s Name],

My name is [Your Name], and I am a freelance writer with [Number of Years] of experience in the industry. I came across your website and was impressed by the quality of your content and the unique perspective you offer.

I am writing to introduce myself and express my interest in working with you on future projects. I specialize in [Your Writing Niche], and I believe my skills and experience would be a great fit for your content needs.

Please find my portfolio attached for your review. I would love to discuss your content needs further and explore how we can work together to achieve your goals. Thank you for your time, and I look forward to hearing from you soon.

Part 15 New Job or Position Self-Introduction Email Example

Subject: Introduction from [Your Name] – New [Job Title or Position]

Dear [Team or Department Name],

I am excited to introduce myself as the new [Job Title or Position] at [Company Name]. My name is [Your Name], and I am looking forward to working with all of you.

I have [Number of Years] of experience in the industry and have worked on [Your Achievements or Projects]. I am excited to bring my skills and experience to the team and contribute to the company’s success.

I would love to schedule some time to meet with each of you and learn more about your role in the company and how we can work together. Thank you for your time, and I look forward to meeting all of you soon.

Frequently Asked Questions

How can you create a powerful self-introduction script for job interviews.

To make a strong impression in job interviews, prepare a script that includes:

• Your name and current role or profession.
• Relevant past experiences and accomplishments.
• Personal skills or attributes relevant to the job.
• A brief mention of your motivation for applying.
• An engaging statement that connects your aspirations with the role or company.

How can students present a captivating self-introduction in class?

For an engaging self-introduction in class, consider mentioning:

• Your name and major.
• Where you’re from or something unique about your upbringing.
• Hobbies, interests, or extracurricular activities.
• An interesting fact or anecdote about yourself.
• Your academic or career goals and how they connect to the class.

What are tips for introducing yourself to a new team at work?

When introducing yourself to a new team at work, consider the following tips:

• Be friendly, respectful, and approachable.
• Start with your name and role, then briefly describe your responsibilities.
• Mention your background, skills, and relevant experiences.
• Share a personal interest or fun fact to add a personal touch.
• Express how excited you are to be part of the team and your desire to collaborate effectively.

How do you structure a self-introduction in English for various scenarios?

Regardless of the scenario, a well-structured self-introduction includes:

• Greeting and stating your name.
• Mentioning your role, profession, or status.
• Providing brief background information or relevant experiences.
• Sharing a personal touch or unique attribute.
• Concluding with an engaging statement, relevant to the context, that shows your enthusiasm or interest.
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Self-Introduction Speech Examples & Tips to Help You Be Confident & Calm

Here's how you can nail your self-introduction speech, without the sweaty palms! Go from nervous to natural with these tips.

It's time! The moment for your self-introduction speech is upon you. Are your palms sweating just at the thought? There are two secrets to making it easier to give an introduction speech about yourself: practice and preparation.

And with those two things already on your to-do list, we took care of some of the lifting for you with these self-introduction speech examples. Plus plenty of tips to help you not only get through it but get through it and feel good about it after. Yes, it is possible. And you're on your way!

Easy Self-introduction Speeches for School

It's the first day of school or of the semester. Perhaps you've found yourself in a new classroom halfway through the academic year. No fear, these intros will ease you into things and hook you a few new friends and classroom groupmates, too.

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Self-Introduction for Elementary or Middle School Kids

For the younger kiddos, these intros are all about who they are and what makes them happy.

• "Hi, everybody! My name is [Your Name], and I'm super excited to be in this class with all of you. I'm [Your Age] years old. I live with my family, and we have a dog named [Dog's Name] who likes to eat all my homework. I really love dinosaurs, especially the T-Rex because he's big but has tiny arms, just like my baby brother when he tries to reach for cookies on the high shelf. In my free time, I love building rocket ships from Legos. One day, I hope to become an astronaut and find aliens -- friendly ones, of course!"
• "Good morning, everyone! I'm [Your Name], and I'm really excited to be part of this class. I am [Your Age] years old. At home, I'm the queen/king of board games, although my cat [Cat's Name] often tries to join in and messes up the pieces. My favorite food is pizza, because who can say no to pizza? And when I grow up, I want to be a detective because I love solving mysteries, like where my missing socks go in the dryer. I'm looking forward to learning and having fun with all of you this year!"

Self-Introduction Speech for High Schoolers

Give new classmates an in or let people know that you're just like them so you can make friends once you find the cafeteria.

• "Hey everyone, I'm [Your Name]. I'm new here, so please go easy on me if I can't find my way to the cafeteria. A few facts about me: I love music and play the guitar -- it's like a six-stringed stress buster for me. I'm a total sci-fi geek. If you need someone to debate Star Wars vs. Star Trek, I'm your person! And I have a secret ambition: to try every ice cream flavor in the world. Looking forward to getting to know all of you."

Self-Introduction Speech for College Kids

A quip about your major is a great way to start, but you can also loop in anything you love (or avoid) on your campus too, even if it's the steps by the library that seem to go on for eternity.

• "Hello everyone! My name is [Your Name] and I'm majoring in [Your Major]. When I'm not elbow-deep in textbooks or caffeine, I love exploring the city, one coffee shop at a time. Yes, I'm a self-confessed coffee addict and my dream is to find the perfect cup of coffee. I also enjoy [Another Hobby], because what's life without a little variety, right? Excited to be on this journey with you all!"

Job Interview Self-Introduction Speech

There's nothing like the dreaded "tell us about yourself" comment at an interview. The good news? You won't have any more nightmares because this intro is the perfect way to ease into the answer.

• "Good morning/afternoon! I'm [Your Name], and it's a pleasure to meet you. I graduated from [Your University] with a degree in [Your Major], and since then, I've gained [Number of Years of Experience] years of experience in the [Your Field] field. During my previous role at [Your Previous Company], I was responsible for [Key Responsibility] and I [Describe a Key Achievement or Impact You Made]. What I particularly enjoyed about that role was the opportunity to [Something You Enjoyed that Relates to the New Job]. In my free time, I enjoy [Briefly Mention a Hobby], which helps me to [Explain How It Applies to the New Role]. For example, [Concrete Example of How Hobby Relates to Job]. I'm excited about the possibility of bringing my unique experience and passion for [Mention Something About the Company or Role] to this position. Thank you for this opportunity to interview."
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Work Self-Introduction Speeches

Make a smooth, witty, and warm self-introduction when you land the job or want to kick off an introduction with ease.

Introduction for a New Job

You're the new kid on the block at the office, you have enough to learn, here's an easy intro on your first day before jumping in.

• "Hello team, I'm [Your Name]. I'm thrilled to be joining the [Company Name] family as your new [Your Job Title]. I come with a background in [Relevant Skills or Experience], and most recently, I was at [Previous Company] where I [Describe a Key Achievement or Project]. Outside work, I love [A Personal Interest or Hobby]. I look forward to collaborating with all of you and contributing to our shared success."

Introduction for a Presentation or Meeting

Before you launch into the important information, take a moment to let people know who you are, why you're giving this presentation, and why you're qualified to do it. After all, you've done all the hard work, allow your accolades to shine.

• "Good morning/afternoon everyone, for those who don't know me yet, I'm [Your Name], the [Your Job Title] here at [Company Name]. I oversee [Briefly Describe Your Responsibilities]. I've been with [Company Name] for [Duration at the Company], and before that, I worked at [Previous Company]. Today, I'm excited to discuss [Topic of Presentation or Meeting]. Although if you want to chat after, I also love [Hobby]."

Introduction for a Networking Event

You'll be introducing yourself a lot at networking, so now is the time to make yourself pop and be memorable.

• "Hello, I'm [Your Name], currently serving as a [Your Job Title] at [Company Name]. I've been in the [Your Industry] industry for [Number of Years], specializing in [Your Specialty]. When I'm not [Job-Related Activity], I like to [Personal Interest or Hobby]. I'm eager to meet like-minded professionals and see how we can help each other grow in our careers."

Introducing Yourself at a Funeral

Whether you're delivering a eulogy, poem, or making a brief introduction of yourself to other family and friends, you can rely on this intro to make things a little easier.

• "Good morning/afternoon, everyone. My name is [Your Name], and I had the honor of being [Deceased's Name]'s [Your Relation to the Deceased, e.g., friend, colleague, neighbor]. We shared many [memories/experiences] together, and I am here to pay my respects and celebrate the remarkable life they led. Their [specific quality or memory] has always stuck with me, and it is something I will carry in their memory."

How to Introduce Yourself at a Party

It's party time! Keep the intro laid back and casual.

• "Hi! I'm [Your Name]. I may know some of you from [How You Know Some People at the Party]. I'm [a brief sentence about yourself, e.g., your job, where you're from]. I'm a bit of a [Hobby] enthusiast, so if you ever want to chat about [Topic Related to Hobby], I'm all ears."

Examples of How to Introduce Yourself to a New Group

You're the newbie, and there's nothing wrong with that. Start your clean slate with a short and sweet intro.

• "Hello, everyone! My name is [Your Name]. I'm thrilled to be joining this group! I have always been passionate about [Your Hobby]. It all started when [A Short Story About How You Got Started With This Hobby]. Over the years, my love for it has only grown, and I've spent countless hours [Describe Something You Do Related to The Hobby].
• Apart from this, I'm [Something About Your Job or Other Interests]. In my day-to-day life, I'm a [Your Profession], which can be pretty demanding, but [Your Hobby] has always been my perfect stress-buster.
• I joined this group because I wanted to meet people who share this passion, learn from your experiences, and hopefully contribute with some of my own insights. I'm really excited to be a part of this community and can't wait to get to know all of you better!"

10 Tips for Writing and Making a Self-Introduction Speech

Here are some tips to keep in mind while writing and giving your self-introduction speech. The most important tip, however, is to do what feels natural and flows easily.

• Know Your Audience : Tailor your introduction to the context and the audience. A self-introduction at a professional event will be very different from one at a casual party.
• Start Strong: Grab the audience's attention from the beginning. You can start with an interesting fact about yourself, a short story, or a joke if the setting is informal.
• Keep It Brief: Your introduction should be concise and to the point. Stick to key details about who you are, what you do, and perhaps one or two interesting facts or hobbies.
• Be Authentic : Genuine introductions are the most memorable. Be honest about who you are and don't be afraid to show some personality.
• Highlight Key Moments : Especially in a professional setting, it can be helpful to highlight a few key experiences or achievements that have defined your career or personal life.
• End on a Positive Note: Conclude your introduction on a positive or forward-looking note. You could express excitement about the event or meeting, or share a hope or goal for the future.
• Practice, Practice, Practice : Rehearse your introduction speech so you can deliver it confidently and naturally. This will help reduce any nerves and ensure you come across as polished and professional.
• Be Engaging : Use body language to engage your audience. Make eye contact, smile, and use gestures where appropriate.
• Relate It to the Purpose of the Event : If there's a specific reason for your introduction (like starting a new job, or joining a club), make sure to mention your relationship to the event or group and your expectations or goals.
• Provide A Personal Touch : Share a little about your personal life (like a hobby or interest) to make your introduction more unique and memorable.
• 15 Powerful Attention Getters for Any Type of Speech

Remember, the goal is to introduce yourself effectively, not to tell your entire life story. Keep it brief, engaging, and genuine .

Introducing Yourself With Ease

Sit yourself in front of the mirror, and run through your lines like an actor for a play, and in no time at all, the words will flow and you'll find a natural cadence. You may even surprise yourself with how easily your introductions flows once you take the stage. Don't be surprised if people ask how you were so calm and cool.

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 An example of a self-introduction speech

 - with a step-by-step guide for preparing a short effective speech .

By:  Susan Dugdale  

A self-introduction speech is often called for when a group of people get together first time. It could be a work-based seminar, a break-out group at a conference, a hobby group, or your new class at the start of the term. The occasions are numerous!

If you need to prepare short introduction speech about yourself, you're in the right place.

What's on this page

• the purpose of a self-introduction speech
• content guidelines - 6 areas to cover introducing yourself
• how to avoid blanking out under pressure and prepare a good speech at very short notice
• a 1-minute example of a self-introduction speech 
• resources for more help  

The purpose of a self-introduction speech

One thing a newly formed group generally shares is the need to make a bunch of strangers feel at ease:  to quickly establish a sense of unity or belonging.

And one of commonest ways to achieve that, in a setting where people are expected to work collaboratively together, is to have each person give a brief 1–2-minute self-introduction speech. *

If you've not expecting it and have nothing prepared, that triggers a whole lot of questions about the purpose of the speech and what would be best to say. * This is not an elevator speech - i.e., a brief, carefully worked pitch highlighting your strengths and experience to encourage a potential employer or client to consider taking you on.

You are already a member of the group. You don't need to pitch or advertise yourself. All you need to do is introduce yourself because these people don't know you. 

Common questions people ask themselves 

Usually, the leader will start and around the members of the group you go, one by one.

• What will you say when it's your turn?
• What's the purpose of this speech? What could it to achieve for you if you do it well?
• What can you say that will interest people?
• What topics fit with the occasion?
• What will the people listening expect to hear?
• What tone do you use? Formal or informal?
• And more importantly, if you're anxious about public speaking, what will stop the fear of making a complete fool of yourself?

First impressions count, so let's look at the elements that go together to make a good introduction speech about yourself.

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Self-introduction speech content areas

There are six content areas to cover. The first three are essential. The remaining three lift your speech from 'basic' to something a little more interesting.

• Stating your name clearly
• Placing yourself - where you are from, the organization you belong to, the position you currently hold
• Background - what can you share that is related to the group's core purpose for meeting? Is it an event, experience, a particular skill or educational qualification?
• Interest, passion or goal - what genuinely interests you? What drives you?  Is there a personal goal you want to achieve through being a member of this group?
• Sharing personal details appropriate to the setting of your speech e.g., your hobbies or pet peeves.
• Unity - what do you share in common with someone else in the group? Can you reference something somebody speaking before you said?

Self-preservation techniques for nervous speakers

Ignore everyone else and focus on yourself.

If this is the first time you've made an introduction speech about yourself and, you're inclined to be tongue-tied, awkward and nervous, don't listen to what others are saying before you. 

I know that seems rude, but the situation calls for self-preservation.

If you allow yourself to listen, you'll get mesmerized by everybody else's speeches and be unable to plan anything useful for yourself. That will heighten your anxiety.

Start with making some notes

Grab a piece of paper, or use the notes app on your phone, the moment the round-robin introduction is announced and start jotting down ideas.

Start with the first three items from the list above. That's the basic information:  your name, where you are from and your background.  Then add more as time permits.

Everything you put down should be relevant to the occasion and your audience.  And remember to breathe well while you're doing it!

When we're anxious we tend to hold our breath which makes us feel worse. You'll find these breathing exercises help. 

Watch the timing

Generally, the timing allowed for a self-introductory speech is between 1 - 2 minutes. (About 150-300 words.)

Going over that is poor form because it eats into the time allocated for everybody to speak. In addition, rambling on without being mindful of the larger group could be interpreted as boring and/or egotistical. Just try not to do it! ☺

Example self-introduction speech 

Here's a simple short self-introduction speech sample.  You can use it as a model to prepare your own speech.  All up there are 130 words which will take approximately a minute to say.

Hi everybody!

I'm Masie Smith, Senior Marketing Executive, from Watts and Frederick in Smalltown, Bigstate.

It's great to be finally here. I've been dreaming about the opportunity and possibilities of working collectively and directly with each other for a long time now. Jane and Sam can attest to that. There's been hours put in balancing the schedules to make it happen.

Webinars and email are fine, but nothing beats face to face.

Working collaboratively has always been a passion. Even in kindergarten I tried to set up a group-think session around a one swing and ten children problem.

Years later my master degree focused on harnessing group energy creatively. I've been inspired by agencies that got it right.

Sally you've already said it and I echo you. I'm excited!

Prepare and practice in readiness

If you know you have situations coming up that will call for a self-introduction speech start generating one ahead of time.

Make yourself an adaptable template using the core content elements listed above that you can use whatever the situation you are in.

Practicing your speech out loud will help you refine and hone your message.

It's well worth doing as these few words can set the way in which others view you. They can open doors, as well as close them!

With repetition you'll gain the confidence to speak for yourself concisely and cohesively. You'll find the temptation to succumb to a fit of the blithers will have vanished! (Thank goodness!)

Other related and useful pages: 

• How to prepare and deliver an introduction speech for a guest speaker (with an example speech)
• How to write a speech introducing yourself . This is Wiki How's comprehensive overview of the process, with examples.
• Tips and techniques to manage public speaking anxiety

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How to Write a Self Introduction Speech: A Step-by-Step Guide

Introducing yourself effectively in public speaking situations can be a challenging task. From business presentations to networking events, knowing how to deliver a strong self-introduction speech can make all the difference in making a lasting impression. In this article, we’ll take a step-by-step approach to help you craft a compelling self-introduction speech that will impress any audience.

Understanding the Purpose of a Self Introduction Speech

A self-introduction speech is a brief presentation that aims to introduce you to an audience. The primary goal is to create a positive first impression and establish a connection with the listeners. Your self-introduction speech should give the audience a brief overview of who you are, what you do, and what you hope to accomplish. Whether you’re introducing yourself in a professional setting or trying to make a personal connection in a networking event, the key is to make your introduction memorable.

Introducing Yourself in Professional Settings

When introducing yourself in a professional setting, it’s important to keep things concise and to the point. You want to communicate your qualifications, experiences, and current role, while still maintaining a professional demeanor. For example, you may start your introduction by saying something like:

“I’m Jane, and I’m the senior manager of marketing at XYZ company. I’ve been in the industry for over a decade, and my expertise is in digital marketing and brand management. I’m excited to be here today to share my insights on the next generation of marketing strategies.”

Remember to keep your tone confident, but not arrogant, and always focus on the value that you can bring to the audience.

Making a Personal Connection in Social Situations

When making a personal connection in social situations, you can be more casual and conversational in your tone. While it’s still important to communicate your background and interests, you can add some personal anecdotes or stories to make your introduction more engaging. For example, you may start your introduction by saying something like:

“Hi, my name is John. I’m a big fan of outdoor activities like camping and hiking, and I love to travel whenever I can. I actually just came back from a backpacking trip in South America and had an amazing time exploring new cultures and meeting new people. I’m excited to be here tonight and get to know everyone a little better.”

By sharing something personal and relatable, you can create a genuine connection with the audience and make a lasting impression.

Building Confidence in Public Speaking

Before you start preparing your self-introduction speech, it’s important to work on building your confidence in public speaking. The more confident you feel, the more it will show in your delivery. Here are some tips on how to build confidence:

• Practice your speech in front of a mirror.
• Record yourself and analyze your delivery.
• Join a public speaking club or take a class.
• Breathe deeply and practice relaxation techniques to manage anxiety.

By working on building your confidence, you can deliver your self-introduction speech with ease and make a lasting impression on the audience.

Preparing Your Self Introduction Speech

Identifying your key points.

Before you start writing your speech, it’s important to identify your key points. These are the key ideas and information you want to communicate to the audience. When identifying your key points, consider your audience and what they need to know about you. Are you introducing yourself in a professional setting or a personal one? What are the most important qualifications and experiences you want to highlight?

Tailoring Your Speech to Your Audience

When giving a self-introduction speech, it’s important to tailor your message to your audience. Consider the level of familiarity your audience has with you and your background, and adjust your message accordingly. You may have to modify your language, tone, or examples to make your speech more relevant to the audience. The more tailored your message is to the audience, the more engaging and memorable it will be.

Organizing Your Thoughts and Ideas

Once you have identified your key points and tailored your message to your audience, it’s time to organize your thoughts and ideas. A good self-introduction speech generally has three parts: an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. You should aim to keep your speech concise and focused, but also allow room for personal anecdotes and stories that will help make your message more memorable.

Writing Your Self Introduction Speech

Crafting a strong opening.

Your opening should be attention-grabbing and set the tone for the rest of your speech. Whether you start with a personal story or a bold statement, make sure it relates to your key points and engages the audience from the start.

Highlighting Your Accomplishments and Experiences

Use specific examples to highlight your qualifications, experiences, and accomplishments. These examples should be relevant to your key points and demonstrate your expertise in your field.

Sharing Personal Anecdotes and Interests

Add personal anecdotes and interests to your speech to make it more engaging and relatable. These should be relevant to your key points and help the audience understand your personality and values.

Concluding Your Speech with a Call-to-Action or Future Goals

End your speech with a call-to-action or future goals that relate to your key points. This will help the audience remember your message and understand how they can connect with you further.

Tips for Delivering Your Self Introduction Speech

Practicing your speech.

Practice your speech several times to ensure that you’re confident in your delivery. Pay attention to your pace, tone, and body language, and make sure that your message is clear and concise.

Engaging Your Audience with Eye Contact and Body Language

Make eye contact with your audience and use appropriate body language to connect with them. Avoid fidgeting or looking down at your notes too frequently, as this can distract from your message.

Managing Nervousness and Anxiety

Even the most experienced public speakers get nervous from time to time. If you find yourself feeling anxious or nervous, take deep breaths and focus on positive affirmations. Remind yourself of your expertise and why you’re the best person to deliver your message.

Adapting Your Speech to Different Situations

Remember to adapt your message and delivery to different situations and audiences. Whether you’re introducing yourself in a professional or personal setting, your message should always be tailored to the audience and their needs.

ChatGPT Prompt for Writing a Self Introduction Speech

Chatgpt prompt.

Compose a detailed and comprehensive self-introduction speech that clearly and effectively conveys your personal background, experiences, interests, and goals to your audience. Ensure that your speech is engaging, informative, and well-organized, and that it showcases your unique qualities and strengths in a positive and compelling manner.

[ADD ADDITIONAL CONTEXT. CAN USE BULLET POINTS.]

Writing a self-introduction speech can be a daunting task, but with the right approach, it can also be a very rewarding experience. By following the steps outlined in this article, you can craft a compelling self-introduction speech that will impress any audience. Remember to keep things concise, engaging, and tailored to your audience, and you’ll be sure to make a lasting impression.

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Self-Introduction Speech

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• Education: Share brief details about your educational background.
• Experience: Highlight your professional experience or relevant personal experiences.
• Skills: Mention key skills or attributes that define you.

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Formal Self-Introduction Speech

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1. Greet the Audience

2. state your name, 3. share your background, 4. highlight your purpose, 5. use a hook, 1. name and position, 2. company or organization, 3. brief job description, 4. relevant experience, 5. closing statement, 1. use a personal story, 2. relate to the audience, 3. highlight key points, 4. keep it concise, 5. transition smoothly, 1. introduction, 2. key experiences, 3. skills and strengths, 4. personal interests, 5. closing remark.

1. Start with Your Name

2. mention your role, 3. add a personal touch, 4. keep it short, 5. practice, 1. name and role, 2. key experience or skill, 3. connection to audience, 1. personal introduction, 2. professional role, 3. key skill or experience, 4. personal interest, 5. future goal, share this post on your network, you may also like these articles, 50+ eulogy sample in pdf | ms word | google docs | pages | illustrator | photoshop | indesign | ms publisher.

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Ultimate 35+ Best Self-Introduction lines (With Examples)

Hrideep barot.

• Presentation , Public Speaking

Hey! I am Hrideep Barot, founder of Frantically Speaking. In this blog I’ll try to give you a comprehensive idea of 35+ best self-introduction lines, so…um..yea, stay tuned?

Now If you are wondering who introduces themselves in such a bizarre way?

We are here to tell you, almost everyone!

Try to remember the first time you were asked to introduce yourself in front of your class, do you think you did a good job?

If yes, kudos to you!

But mostly, we all fumbled, had no idea what to say, and ended our self-introduction with either “Yep that’s it?” or “I guess that is me!”

But as we grow up, we realize how important it is to be able to introduce ourselves in the most dynamic way possible. Because a lot many times these self-introduction lines help you make your first impression and can even make or break your life in terms of job opportunities or relationships.

Self-introductions are your way of introducing yourself to people . It is a gist of what you do? Where do you come from? And everything else that might be important for the listener to continue the conversation with you.

On average, self-introductions are about a minute long. But they can range from about 30 seconds as in the case of an elevator pitch to 2 minutes for interviews.

Before diving into self-introduction lines, let’s first understand a few things which will help you frame the perfect self-introduction lines of yourself!

Why is self-introduction important?

Self-introductions are very important because:

1. Helps you interact with others

Self-introductions are an effective way to begin a conversation with someone you may or may not know.

2. To make a good first impression

As discussed, self-introductions help in communicating and interacting with new people. This would also mean that self-introductions help in forming a good first impression on people if done properly.

3. Let others understand your background

Self-introductions are not just about stating your name and profession but also about your other basic details. These would include the place you come from, your educational background, or your interests. All of these provide an opportunity for the other person to understand you better .

4. Helps to break the ice

Often, on the first day of school or college, we are asked to introduce ourselves. Why do they do it? Because self-introductions act as ice breakers and would help you interact with your classmates effectively later on.

Things to avoid in your self-introduction lines

There are a few things that you must avoid when you are giving a self-introduction. To understand this better let’s take a look at the first few lines of this very blog and point out the mistakes!

1. Lack of information

The first thing that you’ll observe in the above example is how little information you have about the speaker.

There is nothing you know beyond the fact that I am the founder of frantically speaking. And, if you are visiting our website for the first time, you might not even have a clear idea of what frantically speaking offers!

Thus, providing very little information is something that you must avoid at all costs. It steals the opportunity for the readers or listeners to understand where you come from or relate to you.

A revised version of the above example would be something like,

Hey! I am Hrideep Barot, founder of Frantically Speaking, an organization that works to help you be a more confident communicator and public speaker. Self-introductions happen to be one the most crucial things in any form of communication and so here we are with a perfect guide comprising of more than 35 self-introduction lines that you can use the next time you have to introduce yourself! 

2. Filler words

Be it a casual conversation or a professional interview, using filler words shows that you are either unprepared or too nervous, both of which come in the way of effectively communicating.

So, try to avoid using filler words as much as possible

3. Less confidence

Self-introductions are like short quick speeches about the easiest and most convenient topic ever, Your own self!

Be honest with what you are saying and be confident. So, when in the example above, I use “ I’ll try to give a comprehensive idea on 35+ self-introduction lines,” the word try is what shows my doubt or poor confidence in my ability to provide you with the necessary information as it indicates an attempt.

4. Overconfidence

If you think you can overcome the limitation of being underconfident by being a little extra confident, reconsider!

Overconfidence would make you boast about yourself or ramble on and on about yourself , and no one is interested in either.

So, try to be confident in yourself but also consider what others would be expecting from your self-introduction.

To avoid making these mistakes while introducing yourself, you can try to structure your self-introduction prior hand. Or keep these structures in your mind so that you can use them to frame a self-introduction on the spot.

Point, Reason, Example, Point is what PREP stands for. But what does that mean?

Simple, you begin by making a point, then you give a reason for stating that particular point. Now because we are practical beings, we always look for credibility which you give to your listeners by introducing an example that strengthens your reason. Once you have given an example, you might want to restate the point either directly or by paraphrasing to end it on an impactful note.

WWW stands for, Who you are? Why do you do what you do? and Where are you going from here?

An example of WWW for self-introduction is given below

Hey I am Reshma, the founder of fitee, your one stop destination for fitness styling. We belive that it is very important for you to feel confident and comfortable in your clothes when you are working out. I founded the brand after struggling to find good althetisure that would not only be comfortable but also help me look glamnourous. We look forward to reaching every nook and corner of the country and help all the fitnes enthusiats to put their best fit forward!

Check out the YouTube video to get an in-depth understanding of the concepts we just discussed.

Now let’s look at the 35+ self-introduction lines we talked about!

Self-introduction lines

Self-introduction lines for interviews.

Interviews, be it for college or job, require you to follow a professional code of conduct and language . You cannot use slang words or show up to the interview in your t-shirt and shorts.

Understand that self-introduction only adds to the first impression that the interviewer forms of you. Even before you start speaking, a basic judgment has already been made by observing the way you are dressed and the way you greet everyone.

Groom yourself accordingly.

Now when it comes to self-introductions, you must understand that most interviewers start with “Tell me about yourself” . It helps them understand a few basic things like your communication skills and confidence .

The most popular way of structuring self-introductions for interviews is in the PPF format.

PPP stands for Past Present and Future.

1. Give a basic introduction of yourself

Giving a very basic introduction of yourself would look something like

Good morning, I am Aisha Beidi. I recently graduated from XYZ college and have since been working as a Research intern at Researctack. 

2. Talk about your past

When it comes to talking about your past, you are free to very briefly talk about your educational background or your family. You can also talk about some extra courses you had taken or internship experience. An example of this would be

In my first year of college, we were introduced to research writing which I found interesting. After realizing my interest in the field, I took up extra online courses and gained a precise understanding of both quantitative and qualitative research writing and analysis.

3. Talk about how your past shaped your present decision

Linking your past to your present decision would help in maintaining a flow in your self-introduction. An example of this using the above example would be:

The courses I had pursued in my undergraduation made me realize that I’d want to pursue the field further by gaining practical experience. Soon after graduating, I was able to my hands on a wonderful internship with Researctack. I have been working with the team for 3 months now and have specialized in the domain of customer analytics.

4. Talk about your future plans

No, you don’t have to talk about your retirement plans here!

When you talk about your plans make sure that it is in line with the ideologies of the company you are interviewing for.

But I would like to dive deeper in the field of market research analytics with your esteemed organisation. I realize that this opportunity brings with it not only possibility of professional growth but also personal growth which is something I looked forward to.

Self-Introduction lines for freshers

As freshers, you might feel that you don’t have enough to talk about when it comes to self-introduction, but that isn’t the case.

A list of things you can include in your self-introduction lines as a fresher is:

• Hobbies like art, cooking, video editing, and more
• Academic achievements like being a school topper or class topper
• Extra-curricular activities like representing your college in competitions and conferences
• Internship experiences
• Leadership roles
• Extra courses

Examples of self-introduction lines for freshers

Good morning, everyone, thank you for this opportunity to introduce myself. I am Jim, and I graduated in business analytics from XYZ College, Bombay. At present, I am interning as a customer analyst with Limelight. Besides Analytics, I have an immense interest in art. I find it easy to communicate effectively and learn anything quickly. Being in the very early phase of my career, I understand the importance of constant learning and I believe that working with your esteemed organization would provide me the opportunity to constantly learn and upskill myself.

Good morning, I am Arya and I recently graduated from XYZ college. Growing up I had always found immense interest in art and crafts. With the support from my parents and teachers in school, I was able to represent my school in various competitions and was also ranked first in a state-level art competition. My love for art motivated me to pursue liberal arts in my bachelor’s. In my first year of college, we were introduced to website designing and I was intrigued by it. I then pursued a few online courses in website designing. Further, I helped design websites for a local bakery store in my locality and the cultural committee of my college. I now look forward to contributing my skills and honing them with your esteemed organization.

Self-introduction lines for Experienced professionals

If you are an experienced professional, you probably have a lot many things you might want to talk about. However, the task for you is to give a short, quick, and crisp self-introduction.

A list of things you can include in your self-introduction lines as an experienced professional is:

• Years of work experience
• Companies you worked with
• Projects you worked on
• Leadership positions and responsibilities
• Statistics or data that prove you are effective in your job. This would also include awards and recognition received.
• Additional professional courses taken

Examples of self-introduction lines for professionals

Sure, I am Jay D’sa, an MBA graduate of XYZ university batch of 2014. After successful college placements, I was able to work with a renowned Consulting company based out of Bangalore for 5 years. Post that, I landed my job at a start-up in Pune and have been working there for 3 years. I believe the experience and skill set that I was able to gain from working in both, an MNC as well as a start-up will come to its best use in your esteemed organization and am therefore looking forward to being a part of the team.

Good Morning, I am Nysa Jain, an engineering graduate from XYZ College, Mumbai. I began my career as a marketing intern with A company and later switched to the role of an analyst with B company. I have been working here since 2018. Over the years I have gained expertise in analyzing the competitive market nature of the company’s clients, identifying business opportunities, and recommending penetration strategies to elevate the ROI of our clients. My proven market analysis has allowed me to achieve long-term success for my company clients which I believe is in line with your company motto “Providing a guaranteed solution to our clients.”

15 Self-introduction quotes for interviews

Although it isn’t recommended to use quotes in your self-introduction for interviews, if you are still tempted to add a quote in your self-introduction lines, then check out the examples given below!

Quotes are the best ways to give 1 line self-introductions.

Self-introduction quotes you can use while switching careers or finding jobs after a break.

1- I don’t think switching careers is unusual. In fact, I’d like to quote my favorite actress Angelina Jolie here, “ Some people say you are going the wrong way when it’s simply a way of your own .”

2- As Harvey Fierstein said “ Accept no one’s definition of your life but define yourself ,” I was trying to define myself by taking up various courses and understanding the field I really enjoy rather than directly jumping into the job market.

3- “Step out of the history that is holding you back. Step into the new story you are willing to create.” is what Oprah Winfrey said and is my exact answer to your question, “Why am I looking for a career change despite majoring in biology?”

On the other hand, if you are someone who always has a plan, you can use the quotes below to show that you are a very structured person and always plan ahead.

Self-introduction quotes you can use to show you are a structured person

4 – I agree with Derek Sivers that Only dead fish go with the flow and thus like to plan out my work at all times.

5- As Benjamin Franklin said, By Failing to prepare, you are preparing to fail , I always come prepared for my job.

6 – If you don’t know where you are going, you’ll end up someplace else said Yogi Berra and that is something I truly believe and it reflects on my work as well.

Self-introduction quotes to highlight soft skills

Perfectionism

7- I am a core believer in Thomas Edison’s words, “There is a way to do it better — find it.”

8- Abraham Lincoln once said, “Whatever you are, be a good one.” I try to do that every day.

9- Judy Garland had very rightly said, “Always be a first-rate version of yourself and not a second-rate version of someone else.” And all I try to do is be a better version of myself every day.

Not procrastinating or time management

10- I don’t believe in procrastination. In fact, I believe in Thomas Jefferson’s words, “Never put off for tomorrow what you can do today.”

11- John F. Kennedy had rightly said, “The time to repair the roof is when the sun is shining.”

12- I believe in stitching in time to save nine.

13- “Great things in business are never done by one person; they’re done by a team of people.” said one of the most successful businessmen in the world, Steve Jobs and I don’t think anyone can disagree with that.

14- I believe in personal growth alone but also that of my team members. I’d like to quote Brian Tracy who very beautifully said “Don’t aspire to be the best on the team. Aspire to be the best for the team.”

15- I am very comfortable working in teams, in fact, I agree with Chuck Page when he says, “ A single leaf working alone provides no shade.”

Self-introduction lines for students

Be it on the first day of your school or while presenting your assignment or even participating in a competition, giving a good self-introduction is very important.

Let us dive directly into examples that can help us understand how to frame the best self-introduction lines for you!

Best self-introduction lines for students

For your first day, try to keep your self-introduction very short and sweet. Do not ramble upon anything or take up too much time as it is likely that other students to have to introduce themselves.

5 self-introduction in 2 lines for students

1- Hello everyone! I am Emily; I am originally from Texas but recently moved here to LA with my family. I love to sing and hope to join the school choir soon. Glad to meet everyone!

2- Hi, My name is Alian, If I had to describe myself in two words, then it would be football and Anime. I am also the captain of the college football team and we are looking for new students to join the team, if you think you’ll be a good fit, let’s chat!

3- Hey, I am Naomi. I am a nerd for psychology and philosophy and look forward to majoring in the subjects. Might as well learn to read your mind by the end of the year!

4- Hello, I am Riya. I grew up in this very school, right from nursery to here in 10th grade. Art is something I find solace in but I mostly indulge In drawing portraits. I am also well versed with every nook and corner of this campus, so let me know if you are looking for the perfect spot to have your lunch!

5- Hey, I am Abram, I’m excited to be a part of this class. I am a foodie and have been told that I am a great listener too. In college, I look forward to making new friends and a ton of memories!

If you are looking for ways in which you can introduce yourself for your school presentation or competition, then jump to the section on self-introduction lines for presentations .

Self-introduction lines for nursery students

Teaching your kids how to introduce themselves when they are young as 4 years old can be a task. They might not be able to recall or might not even want to talk in the first place!

What you can do is try to break their self-introductions into small chunks . Make use of words and relations they find easy to remember . Try to not exceed more than 10-15 lines , as it would make it very challenging for them to introduce themselves in the way you might have imagined.

Few things you can add to the self-introduction for nursery students

• Parents’ names or occupation
• Name of siblings and class they study in
• School they study in
• Their favorite thing. It can be their favorite food, hobby, cartoon character, or even their favorite game.

5 self-introduction lines for nursery students

1- I am Rizal Syed. I am 4 years old. I live with my mom, dad, and older sister. My dad is an engineer. My mom is a lawyer. I study at Monte Carlo Junior kids. I love buzz lightyear. Like buzz, I want to be an astronaut!

2- I am Jenkin. I am 5 years old and study at XYZ school. I live in Mumbai with my mom and dad. Rihaan from school is my best friend. We love playing football.

3- My name is Alisha. I am 5 years old.  I have 2 dads. They work in real estate. We also have a dog. Her name is mini. She is very tiny. I love playing hide and seek. And also love swimming. I want to be a swimmer when I grow up.

4- I am Kelso; I live with my mom and my grandma. My Mother is a teacher. I study at XYZ School. My class teacher is Ms. Rebbecca. I love going to the park and the beach. I want to be a teacher like my mom one day.

5- Hey! I am Milana, I am 6 years old. I live with my mom and dad. Recently I became a big sister. I study at little angels school. I love to sing and dance. Soon I’ll move to the first grade and make new friends. I’m very excited about that!

Self-introduction lines for presentations

Self-introductions for presentations are a little different than the ones we discussed so far.

Self-introductions for presentations require you to use formal language. Also, they are short and quick and don’t usually exceed 30 seconds, as a long self-introduction would mean less time for you to present your topic!

A few things that you must remember before introducing yourself for your presentations are:

Keep it short . Keep it simple and to the point. Make sure to pause after you are done introducing yourself and before you start with your topic.

Give warming to your audience if required .  Warming like “I’m sorry for the voice, I have been a little sick” Or “I’m   sorry but I am facing some network issues and might get logged out in the middle of the presentation in which case do not leave, I’ll join back as soon as possible.”

In case you are presenting in front of a large crowd, you may want to start with an attention grabber like a quote, story , rhetorical question , or even a prolonged pause before jumping into introducing yourself. However, this might not be necessary in the case of small group presentations.

Examples of 5 line self-introductions for presentations

Hello everyone, I am Sasha, a volunteer at climatin. At Climatin our main motto is to try and do our level best to fight human forces and activities that are leading to rapid climatic changes. Climate change is here and in no time it will drown us to death! Today, I am here to inspire you to contribute your tiniest efforts to work towards a better planet for your future generations.

Hello and good evening everyone. I am Neville and this is my team, Aisha, Tom, Harry, and Noman. We are in our senior year majoring in industrial psychology. Today we would like to talk about the 5 main Psychological factors that impact any organization’s overall performance.

Funny self-introduction lines

Giving a funny self-introduction is not for everyone, but if you are really interested in doing so, we’ve got your back!

6 funny self-introduction lines

Self-introduction lines inspired by famous dialogues

1- Hey I am Raj, Naam toh suna hoga (You must’ve heard the name?) (Bollywood movie)

2- Hey, I am Jack, how you Doin? (Friends)

3- If someone has introduced themselves to you and asks you to introduce yourself, you can say “Who am I? You sure you want to know?” (Peter Parker)

Funny pick-up lines

4- Hey, I am Raj. Here I brought you some water. I believe you might need it after constantly running through my dreams.

5- Hey, I am Alisha. I am sad to inform you that I’ll have to report you to the police for stealing my heart from across the room.

6- Hi, I am Zeeshan! I was wondering if you could help me find my inhaler cause you just took my breath away .

Check out one of the funniest self-introductions you will come across on youtube given by a Chinese student!

He begins by taking the most hilarious dig on himself. Check out what he says below

In today’s global economy i’m sure many of you know the product that is m.i.c. Made in China. But today I’d like to introduce you to a new product that is made in China…ME!

How to Introduce yourself to a group?

If introducing yourself to one person was not daunting enough, imagine introducing yourself to a group of people?

The idea behind introducing yourself to a group of people is to connect with them or even be a part of the group.

So the best way to introduce yourself to a group is to briefly talk about yourself and then try to initiate a conversation with them. You can do that in any of the following ways:

1. Talk about relatable topics

Try to understand if there is anything common between you and the group you want to introduce yourself to?

Do you and the group come from the same background? area of study? locality? university? have the same interests?

Once you figure that out, you can then try to add the topic in your self-introduction. This will prompt the others to not only respond to you but will also make them interested in getting to know you.

So for instance if you have to introduce yourself to a group of people outside a concert, you might want to say something like:

Hi, I am Ren. I’ve been following the band for a year now. It just felt like you all have known the band for some time now. How long have you known this band?

2. Talk about generic topics

Talking about generic topics is the most convenient way to give a self-intorduction and begin a conversation with the group.

Generic questions will involve asking questions related to their profession, area of study, Interests, family, and friends.

A few generic questions that you can add to your self-introduction are:

• What brings you to (the event/place)?
• Did you go to XYZ school as well?
• How is the (new place/ job/ school) treating you?
• What do you do for a living?

3. Add to the Conversation

Now let’s assume you find a group of people talking about something that you have ample knowledge about or interest in. This would make it very easy for you to introduce yourself to the group as you can add to their conversation by putting across a different point of view. You can also simply agree with their already existing views.

An example of adding to the conversation while introducing yourself to a group is given below:

Hello! I’m sorry for interrupting but I overheard your conversation and couldn’t help but add to it. My name is Zack, I am a school counselor at St Stephen High School. As you (points to someone) rightly said, it is indeed getting very difficult for students to cope up with the ever increasing competition and the need for academic validation. But unlike you, I’d suggest giving them enough space and an open, loving enviornment to be vulnerable in rather than being authoritative as it can prove to be more beneficial.

Popular Self-Introduction lines

Famous self-introduction lines or popular self-introduction lines are the ones we use casually or in our everyday conversation.

A few ways in which you can introduce yourself in everyday life are given below:

Introducing yourself in 2 lines to a new colleague or neighbor

Hey there! I am Dan, I live next door. I saw you moved in yesterday so thought I should come over and introduce myself to you. Let me know if there is anything I can help you out with.

Hey, aren’t you the new intern? I am Piyush from the Accounting department by the way. It’s really nice to meet you, hope the office is treating you right!

More informal ways of introducing can sound like “Hey Raj, Riya here, Alisha’s friend!” or “good morning! I don’t think we have met before, I am Ayan by the way!”

Creative ways to introduce yourself

Creative self-introductions are the ones that are online than any other. They are unique and help you stand out. A few out-of-the-box ideas to introduce yourself are given below.

1. Self-Tag

Self tags are a creative way to introduce yourself. It also encourages the other person to make a conversation with you.

A typical self-tag includes writing your name on a sticker and pasting it on your shirt so that everyone can see it.

There are people who make it more creative by wearing t-shirts with a couple of lines that describe them.

An example of a self-introduction line you can get printed on your t-shirt is “Hi! I am James and I love mountain bikes. Do you?”

2. Sing a song

On my first day of college, a classmate of mine ended up singing a song, describing himself and that has stuck with me to this day! Singing a song is a very unusual way of introducing yourself.

But it would obviously require you to have the skills of singing well. Else your self-introduction may turn out to be a disaster.

If you are not good at singing, you can try your hands at spoken word poetry, stand-up, an advertisement with a small jingle in the end , or absolutely anything else that comes easy to you!

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Final Words

Self-introductions form a very crucial part of any form of communication. It is the gist of your own self.

You don’t have to go into great depths to come up with a self-introduction that suits perfectly for you, just having a clear idea of the points you want to highlight. Also, make sure to keep it short and crisp. Don’t make it too lengthy by focusing too much on details or ramblings on and on about yourself.

Understand the situation in which you are introducing yourself. Self-introduction for an interview should be formal and more structured. While for a casual conversation, you can add slang words and maintain a free flow.

Lastly, just be yourself, because that is what self-introductions are all about!

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How to Write a Speech Introducing Yourself

Last Updated: June 24, 2024 Fact Checked

This article was co-authored by Lynn Kirkham . Lynn Kirkham is a Professional Public Speaker and Founder of Yes You Can Speak, a San Francisco Bay Area-based public speaking educational business empowering thousands of professionals to take command of whatever stage they've been given - from job interviews, boardroom talks to TEDx and large conference platforms. Lynn was chosen as the official TEDx Berkeley speaker coach for the last four years and has worked with executives at Google, Facebook, Intuit, Genentech, Intel, VMware, and others. There are 15 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 3,816,641 times.

First impressions have a big impact on how others perceive you, so how you introduce yourself to others is extremely important. Many people call an introductory speech an elevator speech, because it should be succinct enough that you could introduce yourself and tell someone about your goals or interests in the time it takes to ride an elevator. It may also be called an "icebreaker" speech, as it breaks the ice and lets others get to know you. [1] X Research source Consider your words carefully when you write a speech introducing yourself. Crafting a good self-introduction can either build or harm your credibility.

Sample Speeches

Preparing Your Speech

• State your name in the very first sentence of your speech. This can be very straightforward: "Good afternoon!/Good morning! My name is Deshawn Smith, and I am a computer programming student at the University of Arkansas."
• If the introduction is work-related, mention your interests and your career goals together in the same sentence. This will save on time and convey that your personal interests can serve your professional goals. For example, "I am working on an app that allows people to order pizza from their Twitter account."
• You may want to mention your education or professional training background, if it is relevant and appropriate. "This is the fifth app I've designed. My second app, which helped people locate dog parks near them, won an award at my university."

• If you are explaining your passion or goal and how it helped formed your progression up to this point, that can help you tell a compelling story about yourself. For example, if you're writing a speech for your college speech class , you might want to explain how you got into computers at an early age and why they're important to you now as you pursue your career goals.
• If, however, you are introducing yourself to potential clients at a business lunch, they are probably not interested in your hobbies. They will want to know what you are doing right now and what your skills are.
• Try writing one draft with your experience/hobbies and one without, and run both versions by an objective listener who can give you feedback before your speech.

• Highlight the qualities, skills and experience you have that are most relevant for the audience and occasion. For example, "Because of my background in app writing and my extensive network of professional connections, I have a strong grasp of what today's young professionals are looking for. My apps offer convenience and immediate gratification."
• You are trying to present yourself as a professional while making a strong and lasting impression.
• If you're trying to sell yourself to a group of new colleagues, you probably won't need to tell them about your family life, or anything outside of work that isn't directly relevant.

• You can simultaneously demonstrate your skills and experience, while presenting yourself as a forward-looking person who is always learning and developing. For example, you could say, "I spend a lot of time attending app conventions and conferences so I can learn what audiences are looking for. I pride myself on staying on the cutting edge of app design."
• Try to tie this into your broader outline of your career goals and personal development.

Revising and Practicing Your Speech

• Make sure that if this is an assignment, you stay within the assigned guidelines.
• If your speech is supposed to be 3-5 minutes, a 7-minute speech and a 2-minute speech are equally inappropriate.
• If you are giving a brief introductory speech in an interview , be certain that you don't go over the recommended time.

• Avoid long rambling sentences, and use direct and concise prose as much as possible.
• Think about your sentence structure carefully. Reading your speech out loud will help you determine when you have overly long sentences that need to be restructured.

• Practicing in front of other people will enable you to gauge whether your speech captures the interest of your listeners.
• Think about which parts of the speech were successful and which parts weren't.
• Try to get as much detailed feedback as possible by asking specific as well as general questions after your speech.
• As well as saying "how did you like the speech?", ask specifically what parts were the strongest and weakest.
• Check that you delivered a clear message by asking your practice audience what they took away from the speech.

• If you are staring down at a piece of paper all the time, the audience might struggle to truly engage with what you are saying.
• You can, however, bring an index card with bullet points, just in case you freeze up. You shouldn't write your whole speech on the card, just the main points you hope to cover.
• Think of the card as a point of reference, rather than a backup for your speech.

Planning Your Speech

• Who is the intended audience?
• What is the purpose of my introduction?
• What are the expectations others may have?

• Stick to one or two main points you want to convey about yourself. You can always add more if time allows it.
• Depending on the audience and function of your speech, you shouldn't allow the focus to become too narrow. For example, if you're introducing yourself to a crowd of prospective investors, you'd focus on your skills to build their confidence in you. If you're introducing yourself to a general audience -- say, for a speech class in college -- you can be a bit more wide-ranging.
• Remember that you're introducing yourself in general, and you want to present yourself as an interesting and rounded individual. [12] X Research source
• That doesn't mean you should spend time talking about your love of baseball when you are introducing yourself in a professional scenario.

• Are you hoping to win someone over to your point of view with this introduction, or to inspire/motivate someone to work hard under your leadership?
• All of these will affect the things you say in your introduction and the way you say them. [14] X Research source

Delivering Your Speech

• You can also try some visualization techniques to help ease your nervousness and give you confidence for your speech.
• Imagine the way you will feel when you have finished delivering your speech and are met with smiling faces and resounding applause. Then channel that confidence into the actual speech you are about to deliver.

• Avoid crossing your arms or clutching your hands.
• Don't stare down at the ground or cling to the table or lecture in front of you.
• Make eye contact across the room in a measured and controlled way. Avoid lingering on one person, but also avoid darting your eyes back and forth restlessly.
• Try making eye contact with one person on the left side of the room, then one person on the right side of the room. Shift across the room, but in a controlled way that feels natural and relaxed.

• Aim for a comfortable, conversational pace of dialogue.
• Practicing your speech in front of other people, or recording it and listening back are great ways to judge the tempo of your speech.

• Self-deprecating humor can help you come across as humble and likable. For example, if you've accidentally skipped forward in your speech and have to circle back, you could say something like, "And now I'm going to cycle back and tell you something I forgot before. If you wanted to get to know the "real me," you're seeing it now!"
• You can also make a quick, humorous nod to your mistake and move on. For example, if you come out and you mess up the very first line, you could say something like, "Wow, excuse me. Here I am so excited to tell you about myself that I've mixed up all my words. Let me try that again."
• Don't be too self-deprecating, however. You are still trying to ensure people remember you for your strengths and competencies. Move on quickly.

Expert Q&A

Reader Videos

Share a quick video tip and help bring articles to life with your friendly advice. Your insights could make a real difference and help millions of people!

• Improve eye contact with the audience. Be direct and move confidently during the speech. Thanks Helpful 21 Not Helpful 3
• Do not be afraid to make yourself sound good. After all, this is an introduction, and the first impression you will make. Thanks Helpful 24 Not Helpful 4
• If the introduction is too long, you will lose your audience's attention. A good introduction should be short and to the point. Thanks Helpful 20 Not Helpful 6

You Might Also Like

• ↑ https://courses.p2pu.org/en/groups/public-speaking-2/content/icebreaker-introduce-yourself/
• ↑ https://courses.lumenlearning.com/publicspeakingprinciples/chapter/chapter-8-outlining-your-speech/
• ↑ https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/interviewing/how-to-give-an-elevator-pitch-examples
• ↑ https://www.forbes.com/sites/serenitygibbons/2023/05/31/3-tips-to-set-yourself-apart-with-unique-branding/?sh=5421a3b03baa
• ↑ https://www.hamilton.edu/academics/centers/oralcommunication/guides/shortening-a-speech
• ↑ https://writingcenter.unc.edu/tips-and-tools/speeches/
• ↑ https://www.unr.edu/writing-speaking-center/student-resources/writing-speaking-resources/speech-delivery
• ↑ Lynn Kirkham. Public Speaking Coach. Expert Interview. 20 November 2019.
• ↑ https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-publicspeaking/chapter/methods-of-speech-delivery/
• ↑ https://www.comm.pitt.edu/oral-comm-lab/audience-analysis
• ↑ https://open.lib.umn.edu/writingforsuccess/chapter/6-1-purpose-audience-tone-and-content/
• ↑ https://pac.org/content/speechwriting-101-writing-effective-speech
• ↑ https://sps.columbia.edu/news/five-ways-improve-your-body-language-during-speech
• ↑ https://www.apa.org/monitor/2017/02/tips-speaking
• ↑ https://professional.dce.harvard.edu/blog/10-tips-for-improving-your-public-speaking-skills/

About This Article

To write a speech introducing yourself, start by organizing the information you want to include. When writing content, consider the purpose of the speech, your intended audience, and your goals for the introduction. You can speak about your education, professional background, career/career goals, and outside interests, but keep things brief and to the point. Only include information that is important and relevant to your listeners. Don't forget to state your name in the first sentence of the speech. To learn more from our English Ph.D. co-author, such as how to practice and memorize your speech, continue reading the article! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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Self Introduction Speech

Giving a self introduction speech is something you have to do relatively often in most business and academic settings. Introducing yourself can be awkward enough in one-on-one situations. But, having to introduce yourself to a group of strangers can be even more awkward and intimidating!

Unfortunately, in the business and academic worlds, these types of introductions happen all the time.

Many times a group of people will get together for the first time, and the leader of the meeting will ask everyone to give a short self-introductory speech.

These requests can catch you off guard if you're not prepared, and you only get one chance to make that all-important "first impression."

But, forewarned is forearmed. Make sure you spend time now preparing and practicing what you will say in these situations. Ensure that your self introduction speech puts you in the best possible light.

Practicing and Preparing Your Self Introduction Speech

Thankfully, most speeches of this type are only around a minute long, at the most. You don't have to come up with lots of content or witty remarks.

The purpose of a self introduction speech is to make everyone present feel a bit more at ease and familiar with the people around them.

So make the most of your speech by sticking to the essential facts.

During your self introduction speech, tell your listeners the following:

• Your position
• Brief background information
• Interests, hobbies or passions
• A closing statement relevant to the meeting

If you can get all of those details put together in a short introductory speech, you'll be golden! Remember, though; you are speaking only to introduce yourself. Do not take the opportunity to brag, joke excessively, or to register complaints!

The idea of this type of speech is not to give any individual the platform for personal gain or self-promotion. Avoid any "Alpha Wolf" tendencies to make your introduction a competitive statement.

Here is an example of a self-introduction speech:

"Hello, everyone.

My name is Jim Smith, and I'm a systems analyst.

I've been with the company for five years now. I started as a technician and over the years progressed to my current role.

When I'm not working, I like to spend time with my son. We do a lot of fishing and camping together. My wife isn't a big fan, but she tags along with us most of the time.

It's good to be here and to meet you all in person. We all exchange emails and phone calls, but it's hard to know someone until you've met face to face. I'm looking forward to talking about our upcoming project with all of you."

This self introduction speech is just an example, but it hits on all of the significant points that you want to include in a self-introduction statement.

Keep these kinds of brief speeches ready in your mind for these types of group gatherings. If you know you have one coming up, take some time to practice yours to be prepared before the meeting takes place.

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Introduction Speech Examples That Increase Speaker Credibility

You may be called upon to introduce yourself in a speech or introduce a speaker, a guest, an employee, a product, or a concept. Your job is to grab the audience’s attention so that they are ready to receive the main message. Here are some introduction speech examples to help you.

Table of Contents

What Is A Speech Of Introduction?

In public speaking,  a speech of introduction introduces someone to the audience members.  It can also be a  self-introduction speech  wherein the speaker does the introduction. 

Whether the speaker will deliver an informative speech, persuasive speech, or any type of speech, the speech of introduction aims to help establish the speaker’s background. Who are they? What do they do? What makes them credible to talk about the topic they will discuss?

How Do I Start A Speech To Introduce Someone?

If your job is to introduce someone before their speech or presentation, the first fundamental thing to remember is to keep things short and sweet.  Your goal is to set the tone and entice the crowd to listen to the rest of the speech the speaker will deliver.

When writing such a speech, you must bear in mind the following:

• You must grab the audience’s attention.  Though it depends on the setting and theme of the occasion, the general rule is to have an upbeat opening that will help you grab the audience’s attention. You can begin with a simple “Good morning/Good evening, ladies and gentlemen”; then state the purpose of your speech — introducing the topic, the purpose of the speech, and the guest speaker.
•   You must effectively establish the speaker’s qualifications.  Introduction speeches are considered commemorative speeches in the sense that they celebrate the achievements and milestones of someone. In your speech, you must concisely provide an overview of the qualifications, expertise, and relevant accomplishments of the individual you’re introducing. This is a way to establish credibility and entice the audience to listen attentively.
•   You must make the speaker welcome.  As someone tasked to introduce the speaker, you serve as the bridge that helps connect them with the audience. However, your goal isn’t just to prepare the audience for the speech. You must make the speaker also feel welcome with an enthusiastic tone and body language. If you have personal anecdotes or connections to share, you can do so — briefly and with the utmost authenticity. 

What Is A Welcome Speech, And Can It Be Used to Introduce Someone?

A welcome speech or address is a type of speech that sets the mood for a specific event. 

While it can serve as an excellent introduction to the guest speaker, it’s also an opportune time to emphasize what the event is all about and acknowledge the organization or individual behind the occasion.  An excellent welcome speech can also preview what the attendees can expect — apart from the remarks by the speaker. 

How Do You Introduce Yourself In Speech Examples?

In speech writing and public speaking, knowing how to introduce the speaker properly is essential. In some instances, speakers briefly introduce themselves before their speech proper. They can also incorporate it into their speech opening. 

In any self-introduction speech example (check out this  TED Talks compilation  of intros), you will observe that there are common ingredients behind an effective self-introduction speech. 

This speech must help the audience get to know you, showcase your qualification (without sounding boastful), establish connections with and create value for your listeners, and introduce your speech topics and main points.  This portion aims to give your audience a reason to stick with you and hear the rest of your speech. Also, note that first impressions last, so you must ensure your intro is impactful and engaging. 

See the examples below to give you an idea of how to introduce yourself while still having effective attention-getters (e.g., a rhetorical question, an anecdote, a statistic, or a bold statement). 

• “Good morning/afternoon/evening. I’m X, and I’m here to talk about Y. To begin, I’d like to share a story…”
•  “Have you heard about X? I’m Y, and today, I’ll share with you my thoughts about…”
•  “What if overcoming your biggest fear doesn’t have to be as hard as you thought it would be? My name is X. And I’m a testament to how….”
•  “Hi, I’m X, and I wanted to know: How many of you have experienced Y?”
•  “Did you know that X? My name is Y, and I was asked to discuss…”

What Are Introduction Speech Examples For?

When you look for speech examples for a short introduction of speech or a self-introductory speech, you’ll find that  this type of speech has a great variety. 

You can use it to introduce a public speaker and a guest. In a business setting, you can also use an introduction speech to introduce an employee or present a product. Even in academe or civilian environments (e.g., you’re a high school public teacher or a personal development coach), you can count on an introduction speech to introduce a concept. 

Here’s a template you can follow.

A public speaker or a guest

•  Attention-getter
•  State your role
•  Introduce the speaker/guest
•  Note the speaker/guest’s credibility and contributions
•  State the topic
•  A personal connection, story, or experience
•  What can the audience expect/ how can the speaker provide value
•  Transition to the speaker

An employee

•  Introduce the employee
•  Highlight their tenure/experience, achievements, skills, and qualities
•  State what the employee will be discussing
•  State the significance of the employee’s work/impact on the audience
•  Transition to the employee

A product or a concept

• Attention-getter
• State the purpose of your speech
•  Introduce the product or concept
•  Share its significance
•  Share its benefits
•  Showcase the key features
•  Do a demonstration
•  Explain the potential impact
•  Cite supporting facts
•  Deliver a strong call to action
•  Transition to the next phase or proportion of the event

No matter who or what you’re introducing in your speech, the key is to create a concise yet comprehensive one. Your speech must prepare the audience and make the speaker feel welcome. While remaining factual and genuine,  you must write and deliver this piece in a way that generates interest and sets an excellent tone for the speech proper — and the rest of the event.

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5 Minute Self Introduction Speech

5 minute self introduction speech generator.

What can you do within five minutes? You can do several things for sure, and one of those is giving a 5-minute self-introduction speech. Public speaking, especially a timed one, is overwhelming. What should I say? What are the things I should or should not share? Those questions might be running to your mind right now. Learn the answers to these questions by reading this article. 

4+ 5 Minute Self Introduction Speech Examples

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2. Sample 5 Minute Self Introduction Speech

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3. Basic 5 Minute Leader Speech

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4. Public Communication Speech

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What Is a 5 Minute Self Introduction Speech?

As stated in the name, a 5-minute self-introduction speech is an informative speech about yourself with a time limit of five minutes. In this duration, you can talk freely about yourself. You can share facts about your strengths and weaknesses. Your hobbies, your accomplishments, and your future goals are also a good addition. You can include everything appropriate for the occasion or context. 

How to Compose a 5 Minute Self Introduction Speech

Whether you are a student given the assignment of introducing yourself during the beginning of the school year, or a newly hired employee assigned to do the same in your office, your speech will always be one the people will remember about you. To avoid them seeing you in a bad light, write your self-introduction speech in advance. 

1. Create Your Speech Outline

Before devising a proper introduction or body of your speech, create an outline first. This step is essential for structuring your thoughts. In this outline, you would write down the personal information or the stories you want to share. Decide which part of the speech the information would be appropriate to share. If you do not know how to create one, there are sample blank outline templates on the internet. 

2. Write an Engaging Introduction

Introductions, from essay writing to speech writing , are always an essential part. Considering that it would be the first thing you listeners will hear, it will also be where they would judge whether to listen to you attentively or not. To capture their attention as early as the start of your speech, make your hook compelling. Do not forget to include your greeting and saying your name as a part of your introduction.

3. Construct the Body of Your Speech

In introducing yourself, avoid enumerating irrelevant facts about yourself like a robot. Before the date of your speech, conduct an audience analysis . Doing this would help you determine what appropriate information or stories you can tell to fit the situation. If you are doing it in front of professionals, you should include things that would sell yourself. On a more casual occasion, such as in a classroom, you can share a fascinating story in the body of your speech. 

4. Record Yourself

After writing your speech, record yourself while doing it. If it ends up lasting longer than 5 minutes, then you should revise and trim it down a little. This action will also serve as a practice to get your tongue familiar with your speech and avoid stuttering. It is better to deliver an extemporaneous speech than to read a manuscript. Avoid looking down at your script too much. You should prepare index cards and glance at them casually. 

What is an elevator pitch?

Elevator pitch or sometimes called an elevator speech mostly lasts for 30 seconds. Within that short time, the speaker should explain a concept or an idea or introduce something that should be comprehensive to the audience. People give this type of speech in introducing themselves or an organization.

What is a telegraphic speech?

The field of psychology explains telegraphic speech as the form of communication 2 to 3-year-olds use to communicate. This speech belongs in the two-word stage in the process of a child’s language development. Telegraphic speech is often two to three words and consists of a noun and a verb. “I hungry” and “Mommy come” are some examples of it.

What are the dos and don’ts in self-introduction?

If you have a complicated name, it is one of the dos to spell your name. Another tip in introducing yourself is to state your origin, in case some people live in the same neighborhood as you, then you can start establishing a connection instantly. In contrast, one of the don’ts you should remember is exaggerating your accomplishments.

When you enter a new environment, the first thing that comes to mind to most people is how to develop a rapport with other people. The best way to do it is to leave a lasting impression. Come up with a self introduction speech that would be worthwhile for their 5 minutes. 

Text prompt

• Instructive
• Professional

Create a 5 minute self introduction speech for a professional conference

Help me write a 5 minute self introduction speech for a university seminar

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A Simple Way to Introduce Yourself

• Andrea Wojnicki

Think: present, past, future.

Many of us dread the self-introduction, be it in an online meeting or at the boardroom table. Here is a practical framework you can leverage to introduce yourself with confidence in any context, online or in-person: Present, past, and future. You can customize this framework both for yourself as an individual and for the specific context. Perhaps most importantly, when you use this framework, you will be able to focus on others’ introductions, instead of stewing about what you should say about yourself.

You know the scenario. It could be in an online meeting, or perhaps you are seated around a boardroom table. The meeting leader asks everyone to briefly introduce themselves. Suddenly, your brain goes into hyperdrive. What should I say about myself?

• Andrea Wojnicki , MBA, DBA, is an executive communication coach and founder of Talk About Talk, a multi-media learning resource to help executives improve their communication skills.

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5 Examples of 2 Minute Self Introduction Speech

Whether you’re at an interview, networking event, or sitting down with your family at the dinner table, there are times when you’ll need to give a short introduction of yourself and what you do.

Knowing how to write one of these short speeches can help boost your confidence and put you on equal footing with your audience from the very beginning of your speech.

This article will provide several examples of 2 minute self introduction speeches for you to analyze and learn from.

How to draft 2 Minute Self Introduction Speech Examples?

Before preparing for the speech, you must consider a few essential things.

1. Start with a greeting followed by your first and last name.

A simple and effective way to introduce yourself is by using a greeting and your first and last name.

For example, you can use the following format:

Hello, my name is [first name]. I am [last name] from [city]. I have been working in [industry] for [number of years]. I am passionate about [topic], so I love sharing what I know with others.

Now that you have drafted your introduction speech, it’s time to practice!

2. Mention your current situation, location, or surroundings.

Mention your current situation, location, or surroundings. This will help you connect with the audience, which may be listening to the speech for the first time.

Be specific about the company and product you work for.

Use an example from your own experience, if possible. For example, suppose you describe a new product your team has developed. In that case, you could talk about how it has helped improve customer satisfaction at your company.

If you have worked on an unsuccessful project, provide an example of why it did not succeed. This will show that you understand failure and can provide solutions to prevent similar problems in future projects.

3. State the purpose of your speech.

State the purpose of your speech. This is the essential part of your introduction. It should be short and to the point. The audience needs to know where you are going with this speech, so state your main subject and explain why you chose that subject by explaining what it means.

For example:

I will talk about “Self-acceptance” tonight because I have struggled with this in my life and want to help others who are going through the same thing.

4. Give a brief description of yourself.

You can start by telling us about yourself or even your interests, hobbies, and passions. It will help us get to know you better, and we will feel more comfortable around you. The best thing about this type of introduction is that you can tailor it according to the audience that you are facing.

If there are many people in the room, you can focus on one person and discuss them in detail. You can say something like, “My name is John Doe, I am from X country,” etc., and then go on with your story.

5. Conclude your speech with a call for action or request for feedback.

Conclude your speech with a call for action or request for feedback. To impact, you need to get the audience’s attention. You can do this by concluding your presentation with something that will motivate the audience and make them feel they have been given something valuable. The most effective way to do this is to finish with a request for feedback from the audience.

This technique aims to get people involved in the process of giving feedback and making decisions about their futures. You want them to feel as if they are being heard, so they will want to give you their thoughts on what you have said.

Takeaway:  Good introductions can make all the difference, and it’s easy to do them well.

• 3 Best Self Introduction Template to Introduce Yourself
• 10+ Self Introduction Speech Examples to Introduce Yourself

2 Minute Self Introduction Speech Examples

Hello, I am [name], and I’m here to talk about how we can make this world a better place. I am a recent graduate of [university] with a degree in [subject]. I want to help people like myself who are just starting in their careers and need some guidance. My goal is to provide individuals with the tools they need to succeed in their careers by connecting them with like-minded people who can provide them with the guidance they need.

I have been working for [company name] for over five years. I have worked my way up from interning at [company name] to being a full-time employee, where I currently work as an account manager. I love what we do here because it allows me to help others improve their lives by providing them access to products that help them live happier lives.

You can find me playing volleyball or sitting down for long hours watching movies on Netflix in my free time!

Hi, I’m [name], and I’m a writer. I write about things that make me happy, things that make me think, and things that make me laugh.

I create content for a wide range of digital platforms—including this website—to help people discover the things that improve their lives.

I’ve been writing for over ten years, and I’ve learned so much about what makes people tick. It’s helped me find my voice as a writer and has given me unique opportunities to collaborate with individuals who share my passion for storytelling.

One of my favorite ways to spend time is communicating with other people online through chat rooms or social media platforms like Facebook or Twitter. The connection between us is instant, and it feels like we are having a conversation even when we aren’t speaking directly to each other. It feels intimate somehow—like we’re sharing secrets or sharing our deepest thoughts with someone else who cares enough about us to listen closely enough.

Good morning mam/sir. It’s my pleasure to introduce myself. Well, I’m Rehana born and raised in Anantapur. I have done my schooling in Little flower Montessori English Medium High School with 77%, then I did my plus 12 from S.S.B.N junior college with 77.7% and now I’m pursuing my final year B.tech from Anantha Lakshmi Institute of Technology and Sciences Anantapur with an aggregate of 78.33% My strengths are my attitude that I like to take on challenges that I CAN do, and my way of thinking that I take both success and failure in a balanced manner. I don’t like to say weakness but I like to say scope for improvement that is I won’t leave any ask in completely, I believe in myself and my hard work and I want perfection in everything. My short-term goal is I want such a platform where I can grow my career along with the organization’s growth like yours. My Long term goal is I want to be one of the reasons for the success of the organization and I want to see your organization as a benchmark to other organizations. My ethic is “I never neglect an opportunity for my improvement”. That’s all about me sir….thank you for giving me such a wonderful opportunity.

“Good day. My name is Ellen Davis.

I am 20 years old. I took some time off after high school to figure out what job path I wanted to take, as I was indecisive at the time. I’ve had a few jobs over the year and have given references from a couple of them.

I’ve decided that I want to work with animals and have applied to ______ College to study to become a veterinary nurse. In the meanwhile, I’d like to get started studying the practical side of the job, which is why I was thrilled to see you had an opening for a veterinary assistant.

I realize it will be difficult job, and I don’t have much experience in this industry, but you won’t be disappointed if you take a risk on me.

The Verdict: 2 Minute Self Introduction Speech Examples

As you can see, writing a self introduction speech can be very simple and quick. Just take your time to prepare, write, and then practice until you feel confident enough.

Hi, I a Usmaan Ali, a content writer. I’ve always been passionate about writing and blogging. I hope you enjoy my blog posts as much as I enjoy writing it!

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Self Introduction Speech Examples

Self introduction is indeed a very tough task. How you present yourself speaks volumes about your personality and strengths. If you can convey it well through a self introduction sample speech examples , you are sure to impress the listeners. The most important tip for a self introduction speech is that you should be able to generate value in your words rather than using plain adjectives. Talk about your past experiences, your passion and your smart goals whenever you are asked to introduce yourself but make sure it is concise and to the point. Begin your speech with a smiling face and end by expressing gratitude to the listeners.

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1 Minute Self-Introduction Speech

Good morning/afternoon/evening, everyone.

My name is Alex Johnson, and I’m a recent graduate from the University of Technology, where I majored in Computer Science with a focus on artificial intelligence and machine learning.

Over the past few years, I’ve interned at innovative tech companies like Innovatech Solutions and TechPioneers, where I had the opportunity to contribute to cutting-edge projects aimed at optimizing smart home technologies through AI. These experiences not only sharpened my technical skills but also taught me the importance of teamwork and adaptability in fast-paced environments.

I’m deeply passionate about leveraging technology to solve real-world problems, especially in the realm of environmental sustainability. My senior project, which developed an AI-driven system to reduce energy consumption in residential buildings, was awarded the university’s Innovation Challenge prize.

I’m currently seeking opportunities where I can contribute my skills in AI and machine learning to make a significant impact in the tech industry, particularly in companies that value innovation and sustainability.

Thank you for giving me the opportunity to introduce myself. I look forward to connecting with you and exploring potential collaborations.

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Self Introduction Speech in School

Hello everyone,

My name is Emma Thompson, and I’m thrilled to be joining the 10th grade here at Springfield High this year. I recently moved here from Lakeview Town with my family, and although changing schools seemed daunting at first, seeing all the friendly faces here today has already made me feel welcomed.

I have a deep passion for art and literature. You’ll often find me with a sketchbook in hand or lost in the pages of a mystery novel. I believe that every piece of art tells a story, and I love deciphering those stories. I’m also quite adventurous with trying out new art styles and techniques, from watercolors to digital art.

Besides art, I’m a huge fan of soccer. I’ve played on my previous school’s team for three years, and I’m looking forward to trying out for the Springfield High team this season. On the field, I play as a midfielder, and I love the teamwork and strategy involved in every game.

This year, I’m eager to explore and participate in the art and literary clubs at school. I hope to meet fellow students who share my interests and maybe even collaborate on some creative projects. I’m also excited to learn from all of you, make new friends, and contribute to our school community.

Thank you for letting me share a little about myself. I can’t wait to get to know each of you better and make some wonderful memories together this school year!

Self Introduction Speech For Kids

Hi everyone!

My name is Jamie, and I’m 8 years old. I just moved here with my family, and I’m super excited to be in this new school and make lots of friends.

I love all sorts of things! I really like dinosaurs – did you know the T-Rex had teeth as big as bananas? And I love painting and drawing, especially pictures of my dog, Max. He’s a little bit naughty but super cute!

I also like playing soccer with my friends after school. Running fast and scoring goals is so much fun! Oh, and I love reading books about adventures and magical places. Sometimes, I pretend I’m a knight or a wizard going on big adventures.

I hope we can be friends and play together at recess. Maybe we can even trade dinosaur facts or draw some cool pictures together. I’m happy to be here and can’t wait to get to know all of you!

Self Introduction Speech For Students

My name is Alex Rivera, and I’m incredibly excited to join the Masters in Environmental Science program here at Greenfield University. Coming from a small town, Riverdale, where I completed my undergraduate degree in Biology, I’ve always been fascinated by the natural world and passionate about conservation efforts.

During my undergrad, I had the opportunity to work on a research project focused on sustainable agriculture practices, which solidified my decision to pursue further education in this field. I’m particularly interested in how technology can be used to mitigate climate change impacts on ecosystems.

Outside of academics, I’m an avid hiker and photographer. Exploring trails and capturing the beauty of nature through my lens is one of my favorite ways to connect with the environment I’m so passionate about protecting. I also volunteer with local conservation groups and enjoy participating in community clean-up events.

Here at Greenfield University, I’m looking forward to diving deep into my studies, contributing to ongoing research projects, and collaborating with peers who share my dedication to environmental science. I’m eager to learn from everyone and share my own experiences and insights.

Thank you for giving me the chance to introduce myself. I’m hopeful for the adventures and challenges that lie ahead and can’t wait to get to know all of you better as we embark on this academic journey together.

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Introduce Yourself Professionally Example

Tips For Giving a Self-Introduction Speech

Giving a self-introduction speech can be a nerve-wracking experience, but it’s also a great opportunity to make a positive first impression. Here are eight tips to help you deliver a compelling and memorable self-introduction:

• Start Strong : Begin with a strong opening statement that grabs attention. This could be a surprising fact, a question, or a brief anecdote related to your background or the context of your introduction.
• Be Concise : Keep your introduction short and to the point. Aim for a duration of about one to two minutes, focusing on the most relevant and interesting aspects of your background and what you bring to the table.
• Highlight Your Background : Briefly mention your professional background, education, and any relevant experiences that have led you to where you are today. Tailor this information to your audience and the context of the introduction.
• Mention Your Skills and Achievements : Without boasting, highlight a few key skills or achievements that are relevant to your audience. This could include professional accomplishments, personal projects, or unique experiences that demonstrate your capabilities.
• State Your Purpose : Clearly articulate why you are giving the self-introduction. Whether it’s for a job interview, a networking event, or a personal milestone, make sure the audience understands why you’re there and what you hope to achieve.
• Connect with Your Audience : Try to establish a connection with your audience by mentioning shared interests, experiences, or goals. This helps make your introduction more relatable and engaging.
• End with a Call to Action : Conclude your speech with a clear call to action or a statement of what you hope to achieve from the interaction. This could be seeking advice, inviting collaboration, or simply expressing a desire to connect further.
• Practice and Prepare : Practice your speech several times to ensure you’re comfortable with the content and delivery. Consider the tone, pace, and body language to convey confidence and approachability. Being well-prepared will help reduce anxiety and improve your overall presentation.

By following these tips, you can create a self-introduction speech that is not only informative but also engaging and memorable. Remember, the goal is to present yourself in a positive light and make a lasting impression on your audience.

Self Introduction In English

Self Introduction In English For College Students

2 Minute Speech About Yourself Sample

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Importance of Making a Self-Introduction Speech

Making a self-introduction speech is an important skill that can have significant benefits in both personal and professional settings. Here are eight reasons why it’s important:

• First Impressions Matter : A self-introduction speech is often your first opportunity to make an impression on others. A well-crafted introduction can set a positive tone and establish a strong first impression.
• Builds Self-Confidence : The process of creating and delivering a self-introduction speech can boost your self-confidence. It requires you to reflect on your strengths and achievements, helping you to see your own value.
• Networking Opportunities : A good self-introduction speech can open the door to new networking opportunities. It allows you to succinctly convey your background and interests, making it easier for others to see how they might connect with you professionally or personally.
• Facilitates Professional Opportunities : In professional settings, your self-introduction is a quick way to share your career goals and accomplishments. This can lead to job offers, collaborations, or mentorship opportunities.
• Enhances Communication Skills : Crafting and delivering a self-introduction speech helps improve your communication skills. It teaches you how to convey information clearly and concisely, a valuable skill in any setting.
• Personal Branding : Your self-introduction speech is a chance to start building your personal brand. It allows you to control the narrative about who you are, what you stand for, and what you’re looking for.
• Prepares You for Future Interactions : Having a well-prepared self-introduction at the ready can prepare you for unexpected networking situations or professional meetings. It ensures you’re always ready to present yourself in the best light.
• Creates a Memorable Impression : A unique and authentic self-introduction speech can make you stand out in people’s minds. This is especially important in settings where you’re meeting many new people, such as conferences or networking events.

Overall, a self-introduction speech is not just about stating your name and what you do; it’s an opportunity to showcase your personality, professionalism, and potential. It’s an essential tool for anyone looking to advance their career, expand their network, or simply make a positive impression in social situations.

Self Introduction Sample For Job Interview PDF

Size: 350 KB

According to the time permitted for the introduction speech outline , you have to make the smart choice of what you want to convey. It is not about delivering an award winning speech but about showing your potential to the people around you through words. Too many adjectives and bragging make the speeches boring so make sure you keep it humble and real.

Let’s have a look at an Example:-

Good Morning everyone. I am Chris Martin from California. My father is a businessman and mother is a home maker. I pursue Bachelors of Science in this immensely reputed college. I feel really honored to be here in front of you all. I am an extrovert and a deep thinker. I like reading books and making new friends. I want to be a botanist in the future because I firmly believe that your job application should be something you are passionate about and I am really passionate about botany. I am sure I would put in my best and bring laurels to my college. I hope to achieve my dreams and grow as a person in the loving confines of this college.

Self Introductory Speech Examples

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Most of the time, the demonstration speech for interview should last for around 30 seconds to 5 minutes. It should not be more than 5 minutes. “First impression is the last impression” – This adage holds a lot of significance for interviews. Make sure you include all the important points that a potential candidate should convey to the interviewers. Start with a polite greeting card like Good Morning/Evening and then proceed for your introduction.

Good Morning Sir. I would take this opportunity to introduce myself in brief. I am Mr. David Irwin from Florida. I have completed my schooling from St. Xavier’s School (Mention your score) and I have completed my B.Tech from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Mention your score).You may also see speech writings .

(Mention the most important achievements, they are also included in your curriculum vitae)

As a short term goal, I am looking for an opportunity to grow my career with a reputed organization like yours. My vision in life is to maspeech writingske something big in life and bring laurels to the organization I work with. It would be an immense pleasure for me if I am given this opportunity. I believe that there is something to learn from everyone and that is my biggest strength. I like to take up challenges and take the lesson plan from my mistakes. I am a perfectionist and I strive for excellence.

I am a fresher but I would surely adapt to the work environment and put in 100% to enhance my knowledge and skills. I believe in myself and I am confident that nothing is impossible if we work really hard for it.

That is my brief business introduction . I am grateful for giving me this opportunity to introduce myself.

Self Introduction Speech Outline

Size: 145 KB

Add individual snippets according to your needs and you are good to go. These speech samples are sure to help you in delivering self introduction speeches in colleges, universities or in the professional world.

Why Self Introduction is Important?

A self-introduction speech is crucial because it sets the tone for building relationships, whether in a personal or professional context. It provides others with essential information about who you are, your background, and your interests, fostering better understanding and communication. In a professional setting, a well-crafted self-introduction can make a positive first impression, demonstrating confidence, competence, and relevance. It can also establish your credibility and help others see the value you bring to a team or organization. In personal interactions, self-introductions can initiate conversations and create opportunities for meaningful connections. Overall, a strong self-introduction is a powerful tool for effective communication, networking, and relationship-building.

When Do You Use a Self-introduction?

Using a self-introduction in steps:

• Introduction Context: Assess the situation and determine the appropriate moment for self-introduction.
• Prepare Key Information: Identify relevant details about yourself, such as name, background, and purpose.
• Engage Your Audience: Deliver a concise, engaging introduction tailored to the context.
• Open for Interaction: Be open to questions or further conversation.

How To Introduce Yourself Professionally Sample PDF?

A professional self-introduction in a PDF should include your name, job title, qualifications, and a brief summary of your expertise. Keep it concise and well-formatted for a strong first impression.

What is an example of a self intro speech?

An example of a self-introduction speech might start with stating your name, a brief personal background, your current role or profession, and a friendly greeting to the audience.

How do I start my self introduction?

Start your self-introduction by stating your name and offering a warm greeting to the audience. You can briefly mention your background, profession, or any relevant information depending on the context.

What do you say in a 2 minute speech about yourself?

In a 2-minute speech about yourself, mention your name, background, education, career highlights, interests, and a brief personal anecdote or a passion that defines you. Be concise and engaging.

How to do a 5 minute self introduction?

For a 5-minute self-introduction, start with your name and greeting. Share your personal background, education, career journey, achievements, passions, and a brief personal story, keeping it engaging and relevant.

What is the best sentence to introduce yourself?

The best sentence to introduce yourself is a simple, “Hello, I’m [Your Name],” which provides a friendly and direct start to your self-introduction.

How to prepare a self-introduction

To prepare a compelling self-introduction, start with a greeting, confidently state your name, provide a concise background and current profession, share key achievements, mention personal interests, and engage the audience with a relevant question or anecdote. Conclude with a friendly closing statement and practice your delivery. Tailor your introduction to the specific context and audience for maximum impact.

In conclusion, I am grateful for this opportunity to share a glimpse of who I am. As I embark on new endeavors, I carry with me a passion for [your interests or goals]. I look forward to engaging with this community, learning from each experience, and contributing meaningfully to our shared journey. Thank you.

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9 Ways to Make a Great New Employee Self Introduction Speech

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Navigating the landscape of a new organization calls for a strategic self-introduction ; it’s the cornerstone of your professional narrative. Your initial address as the new team member serves as a catalyst for occupational rapport and team cohesion. A meticulously articulated new employee speech can function as a bridge, connecting you to your peers and cementing your place within the corporate framework.

Crafting a compelling introduction speech as a new employee is not merely a ritualistic formality—it’s an opportunity to establish your professional ethos and to plant the seeds for future collaborations. Let’s embark on molding your first verbal imprint to be as indelible and impactful as possible.

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Key Takeaways

• First Impressions Are Vital : Your self-introduction is a pivotal moment for setting the tone of your professional relationships in a new environment.
• Tailor Your Speech : Adapt the content of your introduction to suit the size and culture of your team, ensuring relevancy and connection.
• Incorporate Key Elements : A balanced self-introduction should include your name, role, professional background, how you’ll contribute to the team’s goals , and a touch of personal interest.
• Professional and Personal Balance : Strive for a mix that showcases your qualifications while also giving a glimpse of your personality to foster relatability as you introduce yourself to new colleagues .
• Preparation Reduces Anxiety : Rehearsing your speech can significantly diminish nervousness, allowing you to present with confidence and clarity on your first day of work.

What Is a New Employee Self Introduction Speech?

A new employee needs to give a self-introduction speech because it allows them to introduce themselves to their colleagues, and also allows them to articulate what their goals and ambitions are for their role at the company.

A self-introduction speech should be short and concise and include information about the new employee’s background, education, and experience. The new employee should also outline their goals for their role at the company and explain how they plan on contributing to the team.

Why It’s Important to Introduce Yourself to a New Team

In the mosaic of workplace dynamics, a new joinee speech is akin to a personal press release, broadcasting your unique value proposition. It’s an unveiling that transforms you from a résumé into a colleague, providing a narrative that goes beyond your LinkedIn profile or CV .

Launching your tenure with a well-composed new employee self-introduction speech can propel you beyond the generic ‘newbie’ status and embed you firmly within the company culture. It’s your initial step towards weaving your personal brand into the fabric of the company’s culture, which can catalyze your transition from outsider to insider.

What Should You Include in Your New Employee Self Introduction Speech?

When introducing yourself to a new company, it’s important to put your best foot forward and make a good first impression. In your speech, you should highlight your strengths and accomplishments and explain why you’re excited to be a part of the team.

You should also mention any unique skills or experience you bring to the table and express your enthusiasm for working with your new colleagues. Finish by thanking the company for giving you this opportunity, and let them know that you’re looking forward to contributing to their success.

The key things to include in your new employee self introduction speech are:

• State your name and position.
• Briefly describe your education and work experience .
• Outline your skills and strengths.
• Share a little about your personal life (family, hobbies, interests).
• Thank the audience for their time and say you’re looking forward to getting to know them better.

New employee self introduction speech example :

“Hello everyone, My name is John Smith, and I’m the new marketing manager. I have a degree in marketing from XYZ University, and I’ve worked as a marketing consultant for the past 5 years. In my previous role, I was responsible for developing and implementing marketing campaigns for my clients. Some of my key strengths include strategic planning, creative thinking, and project management. Outside work, I enjoy spending time with my family, hiking, and playing tennis. Thank you for taking the time to get to know me. I look forward to working with you and contributing to the company’s success.”

9 Ways to Make a Great Introduction

Here are nine tips for how to introduce yourself :

1. Describe your environment in your introduction

When you’re new to a company, making a good first impression is important. One way to do this is by basing your introduction on your environment. By observing your surroundings and taking note of your colleagues’ behavior, you’ll be able to adjust your behavior accordingly. 

For example

If you’re new to a team, you could say something like:

“I’m excited to be here and can’t wait to learn more about what you do.”

If you’re new to a company, you could say,

“I’m excited to join the team and can’t wait to contribute to the company’s success.”

2. Be genuine

When you introduce yourself, it is essential to remember to be yourself. Don’t try to be someone you’re not—it will be obvious, and people will respond more positively to the genuine you.

Instead, be to the point and authentic, and people will appreciate your straightforwardness. The most important thing is to be comfortable in your skin; the rest will follow naturally. 

“Hi, my name is Adam, and I’m new here. I’m excited to learn about the company and contribute to its success. Thanks!”

3. Utilize the orientation program

A new job is always an exciting time. It’s a chance to learn new things, meet new people, and build new skills. The new employee orientation program is one of the first things you’ll likely encounter at your new job.

This program is designed to help new employees learn more about the company and its culture. It’s also a great opportunity to meet other new employees and begin building relationships.

So be sure to take advantage of this program and use it as an opportunity to network. Attend all the events, introduce yourself to other new employees, and ask questions. 

“My name is John, and I just joined the company last week. The orientation program was a great way for me to learn more about the company and meet other new employees. I’m looking forward to contributing to the team’s success.”

4. Ask for a team introduction

One way to formally introduce yourself to a new team is by asking for a team introduction from your manager or team leader.

It’s a good opportunity to learn more about your teammates and what they do. Doing this will give you a feel for the team dynamic and see how you fit into it.

Additionally, it shows that you are eager to get to know your teammates and are invested in the team’s success.

“I’m Mike, the new engineer, and I’m excited to join the team. As an engineer, I bring a variety of skills and knowledge to the table that can be of benefit to the team. In addition, I have experience in design and implementation, and my goal is always to create efficient, effective solutions that meet the customer’s needs. I look forward to collaborating with everyone on the team and contributing my skills to our shared goal of success. Thanks for having me aboard!”

5. Introduce yourself to other teams.

Being new to a company can be intimidating. You don’t know the lay of the land or who does what. But, it’s important to introduce yourself to your team and other teams in the same department to get a feel for your new workplace’s environment .

This is a great way to network and build relationships with people in the department. To do this, find the leaders of other teams and reach out to them for an introduction. 

“Hi, I’m the new account manager of this company, and I was wondering if you could introduce me to your team. I’d love to learn more about what they do.”

6. Find more opportunities for introductions

There are many opportunities for introductions. You could also introduce yourself to people you see in the hallways or the cafeteria. If your workstation is in a shared space, you might start a conversation with someone at the next desk.

Whether through formal or informal channels, getting to know as many colleagues as possible can help you feel more comfortable and confident in your work environment. 

Before the meeting begins, you can amiably introduce yourself to others nearby.

“Hello, I’m John, the new account manager. Can you tell me what we’ll be talking about at this meeting?”

You might get a formal introduction from your manager to the participants during the meeting. In this situation, make things quick so the discussion may continue.

“Hello, my name is John. I am a new copywriter, and it’s a pleasure to collaborate with you.”

7. Ask questions

Asking work-related questions is a great way to learn about your new company and build relationships with coworkers. This shows that you’re curious and want to learn more about the company.

In addition, it’s a good way to get to know your colleagues and build relationships . So next time you’re meeting someone new, don’t be afraid to ask some questions!

“Hi, I’m new here. What is your role at the company?” or “What team do you work on?”

8. Get the company’s organizational chart

When starting a new company, getting to know the different departments and teams is important.

One way to do this is by getting the new company’s organizational chart. This will give you an overview of the different departments and teams and who the leaders are. This is a great resource to have when you’re introducing yourself to people in other departments.

By getting the organizational chart, you can familiarize yourself with your new company and learn about the different people and departments.

“I’m new to the company and was wondering if you could tell me more about your team. I’ve heard great things about the work you’re doing.”

9. Send follow-up emails

When you meet someone new, it’s always a good idea to follow up with an email. This helps to solidify the relationship and shows that you’re interested in staying in touch.

In your email, you could include a brief recap of what you talked about and other relevant information, such as your contact information or links to your website or blog. 

“Hey John,  It was delightful to make your acquaintance on my first day in the office. Thank you so much for being detail-oriented and providing such helpful information. I truly appreciate it! If there is ever anything I can do to return the favor, please don’t hesitate to let me know. I am always there to help you out.  Wishing you all the best,  Adam”

Crafting Your New Employee Self-Introduction Speech: A Step-by-Step Guide

Embarking on a new professional journey is a pivotal moment. Crafting a self-introduction speech is your opportunity to present yourself as a confident and valuable addition to the team. Here’s a step-by-step guide to ensure you deliver a memorable and effective speech.

Step 1: Greet Your Audience

Start with a warm and friendly greeting to establish a connection with your new colleagues.

• Example: “Good morning, team! It’s wonderful to meet everyone.”

Step 2: State Your Name and Role

Clarity is key. State your full name and job title so everyone knows who you are and what you’ll be doing.

• Example: “I am [Your Name], your new [Your Job Title].”

Step 3: Provide Your Background

Briefly summarize your professional background to build credibility.

• Example: “I’ve spent the past [number] years working in [your previous job/industry], where I honed my skills in [your specialty].”

Step 4: Express Your Enthusiasm

Share your enthusiasm for both your role and the opportunity to work with your new team.

• Example: “I’m thrilled to start this new chapter as [Your Job Title] and am looking forward to contributing to our collective success.”

Step 5: Add a Personal Touch

Include a personal tidbit that resonates with your professional persona and makes you relatable.

• Example: “Outside of work, I enjoy [personal interest], which I believe reflects the creativity and energy I bring to my professional life.”

Step 6: Invite Connections

Encourage your new teammates to engage with you beyond the speech.

• Example: “I’m eager to learn about your roles and how we might work together, so please feel free to reach out anytime.”

Step 7: Close Graciously

End with a thank you and a positive outlook.

• Example: “Thank you for the warm welcome. I’m excited about the great work we’ll do together.”

Step 8: Offer an Opening for Interaction

Make yourself approachable and open for future conversations.

• Example: “My door is always open, and I’m just an email or a quick chat away.”

Here’s a simplified template that encapsulates these steps:

Greeting:  “Good morning/afternoon, everyone. It’s a pleasure to meet you.”

Introduction:  “I am [Your Name], the new [Your Job Title] in [Your Department].”

Background:  “Coming from a background in [Your Previous Job Industry/Field], I bring experience in [Skills/Expertise].”

Enthusiasm for Role:  “I’m looking forward to leveraging my skills in [Area of Expertise] to contribute to our team’s goals.”

Personal Note:  “On a personal level, I’m a fan of [Hobby/Interest] which I find inspires my professional work.”

Invitation to Connect:  “I’m keen to collaborate and learn from you all. Let’s connect soon!”

Closing:  “Thank you for this opportunity—I am excited to be here and ready to get started.”

Openness for Interaction:  “Feel free to drop by my desk or reach me on [Communication Platform]; I’m looking forward to getting to know each of you.”

By following these steps and using this template, you can ensure your self-introduction speech makes a lasting impact, setting a positive trajectory for your future with the company.

Examples of How to Introduce Yourself to a New Team

An introduction can be the genesis of lasting professional relationships. Here, we dissect various scenarios you might encounter and how to navigate them with eloquence.

Self-Introduction Speech Examples

• For the formal team meeting : “Hello everyone, I’m [Name], the new [Job Title] in the [Department]. My journey has taken me through [Brief Work Experience], and I’m thrilled to contribute to [Company’s] continued success.”
• During a casual team lunch : “Hi, I’m [Name], the latest addition to the [Team Name]. When I’m not [Professional Activity], you can find me [Hobby/Interest]. Looking forward to working with all of you!”

Each script serves its purpose— the first establishes your professional credentials , while the second fosters a personal connection .

Self-Introduction Email Examples

• Announcement-style email to the entire office : “Dear Team, I am [Name], your new [Job Title]. With a rich background in [Industry/Field], I am eager to bring my insights to [Company Name]. I’m excited to collaborate with you all!”
• A warm, direct email to your department : “Hello [Department] Team, It’s a pleasure to e-meet you! I’m [Name], the new [Job Title]. I’m looking forward to learning from and contributing to our team’s amazing work.”

Email introductions are crucial—they are often your first textual handshake with the new team . Whether it’s the company-wide blast or a department-focused note, tailoring your tone to your audience is key .

Adopting these templates can set a robust foundation for your initial interactions, opening channels for dialogue and establishing a positive first impression .

Making a Good Impression on Your New Colleagues

Effective self-introductions extend beyond words; your non-verbal cues can be equally telling. When preparing your new employee introduction speech, consider that body language often communicates your confidence and approachability before you even speak.

Tips on How to Introduce Yourself

• Master your non-verbals : Stand tall, maintain eye contact, and offer a firm handshake; these gestures project assurance and set a tone of professionalism.
• Modulate your voice : Employ a clear, friendly tone to engender warmth and openness; how you say something is as impactful as what you say.
• Incorporate relevant personal stories : Share anecdotes that reflect your values or work ethic—such narratives can foster connections and make you memorable.

First Meeting with Supervisors: Showcasing Your Professionalism

Meeting your supervisors often involves navigating a blend of formality and personable interaction. A nuanced self-introduction can establish your credibility and demonstrate your readiness to contribute meaningfully.

Tips for a Self-Introduction Speech with Higher-ups

• Tailor your content : Highlight aspects of your background that resonate with your new role and align with the company’s strategic objectives.
• Focus on your impact : Convey how your expertise can solve problems or add value, showcasing your commitment to the company’s success.
• Practice brevity and substance : Leaders appreciate conciseness paired with substance. Articulate your points succinctly, leaving room for further discussion.

By integrating these tips into your new job speech, you’ll not only make a great first impression but also lay a foundation for ongoing professional respect and collaboration.

A compelling self-introduction is more than a formality—it’s the first chapter of your professional story at a new organization. It sets the precedent for how colleagues perceive and interact with you. A memorable introduction fosters an atmosphere of trust and collaboration from the outset.

Embrace this opportunity to weave your personal narrative into the larger tapestry of your new team’s culture. Each interaction is a step on the journey of mutual growth and achievement. Welcome this adventure with openness and enthusiasm, for the relationships you cultivate today can become the cornerstone of your career tomorrow.

How do I introduce myself as a new employee?

How do you introduce yourself professionally at work, how do you introduce yourself in a first team meeting, what is an example of a self-intro speech, what is a proper self-introduction on the first day of work, how do you introduce yourself on the first day of a team, how do you introduce yourself to your boss for the first time, how can i tailor my introduction speech as a new employee for different team sizes, what elements should i include in a self-introduction new employee example, how do i balance professional and personal information in my office introduction speech, what are some tips to help calm nerves before giving a new job speech, related posts:.

• Craft the Perfect 2 Minute Self Introduction Speech | Guide
• What is a Self Introduction Speech: The Guide to Making an Impression
• Master Your Self Introduction for Job Interview Success
• Self Introduction Email Sample: First Day Work Success!

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Probing self-attention in self-supervised speech models for cross-linguistic differences

Speech models have gained traction thanks to increase in accuracy from novel transformer architectures (e.g., [ 1 , 5 ] .). While this impressive increase in performance across automatic speech recognition (ASR) benchmarks is noteworthy, there is still much that is unknown about the use of attention mechanisms for speech-related tasks. For example, while it is assumed that these models are learning language-independent (i.e., universal) speech representations, there has not yet been an in-depth exploration of what it would mean for the models to be language-independent. In the current paper, we explore this question within the realm of self-attention mechanisms of one small self-supervised speech transformer model (TERA). We find that even with a small model, the attention heads learned are diverse ranging from almost entirely diagonal to almost entirely global regardless of the training language. We highlight some notable differences in attention patterns between Turkish and English and demonstrate that the models do learn important phonological information during pretraining. We also present a head ablation study which shows that models across languages primarily rely on diagonal heads to classify phonemes.

Introduction

Most speech models utilized in automatic speech recognition (ASR) make use of unsupervised learning or self-supervised learning (SSL) algorithms as a lack of labeled training data makes supervised learning infeasible in most situations. Embeddings extracted from these pre-trained models can then be further fine-tuned on a variety of downstream tasks such as speech recognition, speaker identification, sentiment analysis, etc [ 5 ] . In practice, these models have shown to be quite successful thanks to the models learning abstract representations that allow for application across other domains or languages (e.g., [ 3 ] ). However, what information is actually contained within the learned representations of these SSL speech models is still under-explored. Previous findings so far have primarily shown that the embeddings extracted from SSL models display different acoustic or linguistic properties. For example, Pasad and colleagues probed embeddings at different layers of wav2vec 2.0 [ 1 ] finding that categorization accuracy differed across the layers of the network [ 6 ] . Additionally studies have explored whether these embeddings contain specific linguistic properties finding that speech embeddings contain both phonetic (low-level acoustic) information and phonemic (more abstract categorical) information [ 4 ] . However, this previous work has focused almost entirely on monolingual English-trained models. Whether there are cross-linguistic differences in these models, and what downstream consequences this might have (for example on multi-lingual fine-tuning) is under-explored. This is of importance in speech processing as not all languages make the same use of possible phonetic space (for example, the number of vowels in a language’s phonology), or the kind of allowed phonotactics, or in the kind of phonological processes impacting the surface realization of the language. For example, Turkish contains a phonological process in which certain suffixes must agree within a word according to certain phonetic features (i.e., ’frontness’ or ’roundess’ of a vowel). This is shown in the example below:

In Turkish, /-in/ is the genetive suffix and shows two effects of "harmony" in which it must match in both roundness and frontness. Since [u] in "pul" is a back rounded vowel, the front high vowel [i] in /-in/ becomes [u] to match. Since /e/ is fronted and not rounded /-in/ surfaces as [-in]. Therefore, there is a strong relationship between phonological features of vowels in words in Turkish.

In this work, however, we show that regardless of cross-linguistic differences in a language’s phonology, the training language does not necessarily impact the way in which SSL speech models encode information. Across three experiments, we find little differences between attention patterns learned for languages from two separate language families: Turkish, a a Turkic language which utilizes long-distance phonological patterns in the form of vowel harmony, and English, a Germanic language which does not.

Related Work

Attention heads are key components that determine the significance of different parts of the input data by allocating varying degrees of attention or weight. This mechanism is central to the model’s ability to capture dependencies and contextual relationships within the data, making it a critical area for analysis to understand model interpretability, optimize performance, and enhance transparency in decision-making processes.

One insight from attention head probing in natural language processing (NLP) is that self-attention mechanisms within text transformer models capture semantic content in addition to syntactic information, particularly in the context of sentiment analysis. Using a novel Layer-wise Attention Tracing method, it was shown that structured attention weights significantly contributed to identifying emotional semantics across different datasets [ 10 ] . This finding underscores the versatility and depth of information encoded in attention weights, suggesting that they can be pivotal in enhancing model interpretability and in drawing closer parallels with human cognitive processes in understanding language and emotions.

Of great relevance, another goal of this realm has been to determine which attention positions or heads are least useful so that they can be pruned to reduce computation without compromising output quality. For example, recent work has found that diagonal elements in the attention matrix are of less importance, suggesting their removal doesn’t harm performance. This led to the development of SparseBERT, using a Differentiable Attention Mask (DAM) algorithm to optimize attention allocation [ 8 ] .

While there has been a significant amount of research exploring the representations learned in text models, much less is known with respect to speech representations [ 11 ] . This is surprising given that in many instances speech may contain long-distance phonological dependencies as discussed above, thus the efficacy of self-attention in specifically speech is unclear. This is crucial as not every language makes the same use of long-distance dependencies in phonological contexts. Understanding where or if cross-linguistic differences occur in the learned embeddings is important especially if the goal is learning language-agnostic representations while also optimizing model architecture and training.

In one of the few works on attention mechanisms in speech transformers, Yang and colleagues ranked attention heads by type and pruned them to determine head importance, finding that for speech, global heads were least important, and – surprisingly given results from research in NLP – found that diagonal heads were most important. However, as stated above, different languages may place different importance on long distance relationships in the phonology, and thus while this work suggested that “global” heads are less important and can be safely pruned, this is not necessarily the case for languages like Turkish.

Model Architecture & Training

The experiments were carried out using a medium-sized transformer model, TERA (’Transformer Encoder Representations from Alteration’ an extension of Mockingjay; [ 3 ] ) implemented through the sp3rl framework. TERA is a small self-supervised transformer model pre-trained using reconstruction loss where the model is tasked to minimize the reconstruction error of acoustic features when given an altered frame. There are three possible alterations, including frequency, magnitude, and time alterations. We use the base model (Layers=3, Parameters=21.3M).

Two models were trained, one on English (tera-eng) and one one Turkish (tera-tur) speech corpora. The Turkish model was trained on approximately 100 hours of Turkish from the CommonVoice corpus 1 1 1 https://commonvoice.mozilla.org/en/datasets for 200k steps with Adam optimizer while the English model is available pre-trained through the s3prl toolbox 2 2 2 https://github.com/s3prl/s3prl on either 100 or 960 hour subsets of the librispeech 3 3 3 https://www.openslr.org/12 corpus of English. All models were pretrained using the spectogram reconstruction task, which involves recreating masked portions of the audio signal. Downstream training for each language was done on subsets of the same data used for pretraining the respective language.

Experiment 1: Head classification and visualization of attention matrices

Generally, attention heads fall into three broad categories; global, vertical, and diagonal. Global attentions indicate that attention between different frames is random, vertical attentions indicate that specific frames are paid attention to across frames, and diagonal attentions indicate that frames mostly pay attention to themselves.

While other attention head types have been explored in NLP ( [ 2 ] ), these are the most comprehensive categories yet to be considered in speech transformers and are therefore also used in the current study for the sake of simplicity. When visualizing the heads, we did observe that most of them fall reasonably into these categories, however there were a few intermediate types (for example, block-diagonal, or vertical-diagonal). Future work will explore more fine-grained differences between head types.

Following [ 11 ] , we use the following formulas to score the globalness, verticality, and diagonalness of all attention heads. In order to determine individual scores, we average across 10 random utterances for Turkish and English respectively.

In the formulas below (1-3), ℍ ℍ \mathbb{H} blackboard_H refers to entropy and u 𝑢 u italic_u refers to each utterance in the total set of utterances U 𝑈 U italic_U . A h superscript 𝐴 ℎ A^{h} italic_A start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT italic_h end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT refers to a single attention head; A u h subscript superscript 𝐴 ℎ 𝑢 A^{h}_{u} italic_A start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT italic_h end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_u end_POSTSUBSCRIPT refers to the attention head for a given utterance, and q 𝑞 q italic_q and k 𝑘 k italic_k are the row and column indices of this attention head. T 𝑇 T italic_T is the number of frames for the given utterance, such that q 𝑞 q italic_q and k 𝑘 k italic_k are defined from 1 to T 𝑇 T italic_T .

In all three formulas, the expectation of the value is taken over the distribution of utterances. The global formula computes the average entropy H 𝐻 H italic_H of each row q 𝑞 q italic_q -indexed of the attention matrix A u h subscript superscript 𝐴 ℎ 𝑢 A^{h}_{u} italic_A start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT italic_h end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_u end_POSTSUBSCRIPT . Higher entropy indicates a more dispersed attention, implying less focus on specific areas. Intuitively, the diagonal formula can be taken as penalizing each value in the attention matrix the farther it is from the center diagonal line. In the vertical formula, we take the negative entropy of the average of each row in the attention matrix, penalizing high entropy as vertical heads should focus on specific individual targets across all positions.

We categorize the attention heads for the Turkish pre-trained model and English pre-trained model separately. Examples of each head type for each language can be seen below in Figures 1 and 2. Note that the utterance lengths are longer for English than for Turkish.

The difference in scores for each formula for all heads can be seen in Table 2. The difference in number of heads in each category for Turkish and English can be seen in Figure 3.

We can see that the Turkish heads are on average less global, more vertical, and less diagonal.The largest difference in number of heads can be seen in the vertical category, where the Turkish model learns significantly more vertical heads than for English.

Differences in metric values between languages and head types across layers are shown below in Figures 4 where it can be seen that there are more diagonal heads concentrated with higher values in layers 1 and 2 than layer 0 for English. This pattern is not as discernible for Turkish. For global English heads, the strongest heads are concentrated in layer 0, but this is not the case for Turkish. This does not support the finding in [ 9 ] , where they found that the earlier layers contained more diagonal heads. However, the model used in current work is significantly smaller, and therefore may not have as much difference across layers of the network. This is important to note that because of this, the results of the current work may be constrained by the size of the network. Given that diagonal heads are shown to be of greatest importance in phoneme classification in Experiment 3, it’s possible that the fewer global heads for Turkish is partially responsible for the lower overall accuracy.

Experiment 2: Phoneme Relation Maps

In order to determine the relation between phonemes in a language, we constructed phoneme relation maps (PRM) relating the amount of attention a given phoneme attends to another phoneme, quantifying this difference as the average over all attention relations. Specifically, we average the attention A u h ⁢ [ k , q ] superscript subscript 𝐴 𝑢 ℎ 𝑘 𝑞 A_{u}^{h}[k,q] italic_A start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_u end_POSTSUBSCRIPT start_POSTSUPERSCRIPT italic_h end_POSTSUPERSCRIPT [ italic_k , italic_q ] between all phone pairs Y m subscript 𝑌 𝑚 Y_{m} italic_Y start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_m end_POSTSUBSCRIPT , Y n subscript 𝑌 𝑛 Y_{n} italic_Y start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_n end_POSTSUBSCRIPT in Y 𝑌 Y italic_Y , the set of all possible phones in the language for a given set of labels, y 𝑦 y italic_y , for each utterance where y m = Y m subscript 𝑦 𝑚 subscript 𝑌 𝑚 y_{m}=Y_{m} italic_y start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_m end_POSTSUBSCRIPT = italic_Y start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_m end_POSTSUBSCRIPT and y n = Y n subscript 𝑦 𝑛 subscript 𝑌 𝑛 y_{n}=Y_{n} italic_y start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_n end_POSTSUBSCRIPT = italic_Y start_POSTSUBSCRIPT italic_n end_POSTSUBSCRIPT (see [ 11 ] for more detail). Intuitively, this gives a measure of how often on average a given phoneme attends to another phoneme. Attention matrices for each utterance were extracted for both English and Turkish for all 3 layers of the model, which each contained 12 attention heads for a total of 36 attention matrices. Given the large number of heads, we report the average over all heads (n=12) in the last layer of the network (layer=3) for 200 utterances from English and Turkish respectively.

The phoneme relation maps averaged over the final layer for Turkish and English are displayed below. As can be seen from both maps, there is not a clear distinction between the learned relations for Turkish and English. While it was hypothesized that Turkish may have higher relations between vowels due to the importance of vowel features in the language, this is not evident from the data. Rather, for both English and Turkish, phonemes tend to relate primarily to themselves. Additionally, it doesn’t seem to be the case that vowel on general attend to to vowels or consonants to consonants. As can be seen from the vowels in the blue box, there is not a clear difference in the amount of attention between specific vowel phonemes as compared to consonant phonemes.

Rather, the relation is much more varied, possibly suggesting more fine-grained phonotactic influence (e.g., a specific vowel occur in specific phonetic contexts within the language). We leave exploring this avenue to future work.

Experiment 3: Phoneme Classification Accuracy Between Languages and Categorically Masked Heads

Finetuning accuracy between and across languages.

Phoneme classification is the task of predicting which phoneme, or a unit of sound, is being spoken at each given frame in the input. While there are different ways to break down sounds into phonemes, we rely on the pronunciation dictionary we use for English provided by s3prl that consists of 41 phonemes. We used a Turkish dictionary provided through the montreal forced aligner with a 48 phoneme classes ( https://mfa-models.readthedocs.io/en/latest/dictionary/Turkish/Turkish%20CV%20dictionary%20v2_0_0.html#Turkish%20CV%20dictionary%20v2_0_0 ).

To train a model on phoneme classification, we first created phoneme frame alignments. First, we obtain time-level alignments, where the phoneme start and end time is labeled in seconds. For Librispeech train-clean-100, we had access to alignments through s3prl, which contains high-quality hand-aligned phoneme aligments. For the Turkish data, we used the Montreal Forced Aligner, a toolkit for forced alignment providing pre-trained acoustic models, which was further adapted on the Turkish common voice data. During data preprocessing, we convert the phoneme start and end times into frame level alignments such that each individual frame is mapped to a phoneme. In TERA, a frame starts every 10 milliseconds with a 25 millisecond window. Generally phonemes will be spoken over the course of multiple frames. This becomes a linear classification task, with 41 classes for English and 48 classes for Turkish (including silence and unidentified), where a class is predicted for each frame.

We trained a frame-level linear prediction model on top of our pretrained TERA model to predict phonemes. We used an 80/20 split between training and test data; the total was ∼ similar-to \sim ∼ 20 hours of labeled data. For all experiments, we trained for 50k steps. Due to available data constraints, the training was done on data that was seen during pretraining, so the accuracy metric may not be a good measurement of real-world phoneme classification accuracy.

We had three base models initially; an English model pretrained on 100 hours, another pretrained on 960 hours, and a Turkish model pretrained on 108 hours. The English and Turkish model which were trained on ∼ similar-to \sim ∼ 100 hours were each trained for 200k steps, whereas the 960 hour pretrained English model was trained for 500k steps. Each model was finetuned on the English and Turkish phoneme classification task separately, and accuracy was evaluated on the held out test set. The results can be seen in Table 3.

From the table, we can see that none of the models were able to break 50% on the Turkish test data. This is likely due to the quality of alignments; there was much less data to train the Turkish force aligner than was used for the English alignments. Through visual inspection of the alignment in comparison to the Turkish force alignments, we were able to see that they were generally aligned well, but small errors in marking the exact beginning and ends of each phoneme could have a large effect when we look at the frame-level alignments, which start every 10 milliseconds. We can see that the Turkish model performs slightly better on Turkish than the 100 hour English model, which performs slightly better than the 960 hour model, indicating that the model did learn some useful phoneme information during Turkish pretraining, and learning more English specific patterns does hinder performance on Turkish. However, the effect size here is small.

On the other hand, the difference in performance between the English and Turkish models on English phonemes is vast. The difference on accuracy for the Turkish model on the Turkish phonemes vs English phonemes is also notable. This effectively illustrates the difference that the pretraining language makes, showing that the models indeed acquire language-specific information.

Head Ablation Study

Next, we investigate the effects of different types of attention heads on Turkish and English performance. We use only the Turkish pretrained model for the Turkish task, and vice versa for English. The English model used was the one pretrained for 100 hours to be more comparable. We cumulatively mask heads in each category (global, vertical, and diagonal), starting with the highest ranked heads (the highest value from the formula corresponding to their categorization). The results can be seen in Figures 6 and 7.

To contextualize the results, the accuracy on Turkish and English with no attention heads was ∼ similar-to \sim ∼ 44.6% and ∼ similar-to \sim ∼ 39% respectively. In line with [ 11 ] , there is a slight downward trend when removing vertical and global attention heads, but occasionally the accuracy slightly rises. Interestingly, the Turkish model learned more vertical attention heads during pretraining, but some of them might even be harmful for the task of phoneme classification.

Also interestingly, when masking diagonal heads, the accuracy drops far below that of the model when all heads are masked for both languages. Though vertical and global heads as a whole seem to be slightly helpful for classifying phonemes, forcing the model to only rely on them drops the accuracy far below than if the model was not using attention at all. The slight increase in accuracy towards the end can likely be explained by the fact that the lower-ranking diagonal heads contained enough vertical and global attention to be harmful for classification without the higher-ranking diagonal heads.

These results support the general assumption that models rely on diagonal heads to classify phonemes across languages. Some vertical and global heads can be pruned to increase efficiency, but this should be done with caution and with regards to specific downstream tasks. There do appear to be some differences in how different types of attention may be used between English and Turkish, but without comparable data quality it is difficult to make any strong conclusions.

From fine-tuning on English and Turkish phoneme classification, we did gather empirical evidence that important phonological information is encoded by speech models. Most of the results were limited by noisy alignments on the Turkish data, however, the different in performance for the Turkish pretrained model and the English pretrained model on the English phoneme classification task is quite vast ( ∼ similar-to \sim ∼ 48% and ∼ similar-to \sim ∼ 71% respectively). There was also a slight difference in accuracies between the Turkish model and English model on the Turkish task ( ∼ similar-to \sim ∼ 49.99% versus ∼ similar-to \sim ∼ 49.2%). We speculate the difference was low because of the noisy test data for Turkish; it is possible that the maximum reasonable accuracy that can be achieved on the noisy data without overfitting is closed to 50%. Given that the accuracies with all attention heads masked was quite low, it does seem like some language specific differences are encoded within the attention mechanism.

Despite this finding of language-specificity in phoneme categorization, we were unable to find satisfactory explanations for this performance gap within the attention heads. Given the lack of relation between phoneme attention relations between languages, our findings did not support the hypothesis that a Turkish model would learn more long-distance phonological dependencies. However, we note some interesting patterns between languages that were not fully explainable. Thus, there is a lot of room for future research in this area. Perhaps different methods for analyzing attention, for example more fine-grained categories, are needed.

The results of our head ablation study on the English and Turkish models support the general finding that speech models rely on diagonal heads to segment and classify phonemes. Diagonal heads in both English-trained and Turkish-trained transformer models are of greatest importance in a phoneme classification task and both global and vertical heads can be safely pruned with significantly less consequence. This finding is significant, since it suggests that pruning strategies to reduce model overhead may actually be applicable cross-linguistically. In addition, we revealed that attention heads in both languages rely on each other, as masking only diagonal heads resulted in performance dropping below the fully masked baseline.

The greatest limitations of our study and areas for future work to improve are the noisy Turkish data and limited availability in general of Turkish speech data. Future work may also expand the current attention analysis methods to more fine-grained categories. Further studies should take into consideration other methods, including using more categories to label attention heads. Additionally, the methodology of the paper should ideally be extended to other self-supervised transformer models trained using different tasks and languages to provide broader results.

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Appendix A Appendix

A.1 supplemental material.

We have made our work available here , which contains code to extract, display, and categorize attention heads.

To conduct our experiments, it was necessary to modify the s3prl library to output attention heads, keys, and queries. We have made our modifications available here .

A.2 License Declarations

Most of S3PRL is licensed under Apache License version 2.0, and a few files are licensed under CC-BY-NC. Librispeech is licensed under CC BY 4.0. The TERA model is licensed under Apache License version 2.0.

Parenting Styles and Youth’s Externalizing and Internalizing Behaviors: Does Self-Control Matter?

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• Published: 06 September 2024

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• Diana Almeida 1 &
• Gilda Santos   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-8699-0126 1 , 2  

The externalizing and internalizing behaviors of children and youth have been the object of extensive criminological research, mainly due to the potentially harmful impact on these individuals' future development and adjustment. The current study aimed to explore the influence of parenting styles on the emergence of children and youth’s externalizing and internalizing behaviors and to understand the influence of self-control in this relationship. Following a quantitative self-report approach and using a sample of 472 Portuguese middle-school children, this study found that the children’s sex, low self-control, and authoritative parenting style significantly predicted externalizing and internalizing behaviors. The data also revealed that children's age and the permissive parenting style significantly predicted externalizing but not internalizing behaviors and that the authoritarian parenting style significantly predicted internalizing behaviors. Low self-control partially mediated the relationship between parenting styles and externalizing and internalizing behaviors in most tested models. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.

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Introduction

Over the last decades, there has been a growing interest in the study of children and youth’s problem behavior, mainly due to its relation to difficulties in later behavioral, emotional, cognitive, and social adjustment (Calkins et al., 2007 ; Campbell et al., 2000 ; Keane & Calkins, 2004 ; Lier et al., 2012 ; Liu et al., 2011 ; Min et al., 2018 ; Rinaldi & Howe, 2012 ; Sommer, 2010 ).

A common approach is the one that classifies children and youth’s problem behaviors into two major categories, namely externalizing and internalizing behaviors (Akhter et al., 2011 ; Alizadeh et al., 2011 ; Rinaldi & Howe, 2012 ), acknowledging that adolescence is one of the most critical developmental periods for the emergence and development of such behaviors (Braza et al., 2015 ; Lorber & Egeland, 2009 ; Risper, 2012 ).

Externalizing behaviors are complex and can cause severe consequences for the child and the community as whole in the immediate or long term (Georgiou & Symeou, 2018 ). Largely, these behaviors involve actions and include disruptive ( e.g., hyperactivity, anger, frustration, attention problems, impulsivity), antisocial, aggressive, and/or delinquent behaviors (Alizadeh et al., 2011 ; Braza et al., 2015 ; Rose et al., 2018 ), being, therefore, characterized by their visibility and exteriority (Georgiou & Symeou, 2018 ; Liu, 2004 ; Rinaldi & Howe, 2012 ; Sommer, 2010 ). In other words, externalizing behaviors constitute an evident type of behavior, based on which the child interacts negatively with the environment that surrounds him and adopts inadequate behaviors, such as defiance, verbal aggression, restlessness (Rinaldi & Howe, 2012 ), destruction of property, among others (Keil & Price, 2006 ).

On the other hand, internalizing behaviors are intrapersonal, that is, turned inside out (Achenbach & Edelbrock, 1978 ) and expressed at the child's psychological and emotional levels. Internalizing behaviors include anxiety ( e.g., worry, fear), distress ( e.g., difficulty being calm), shyness and/or social isolation, withdrawal, depression, and somatization, among others (Alizadeh et al., 2011 ; Braza et al., 2015 ; Georgiou & Symeou, 2018 ; Liu, 2004 ; Rinaldi & Howe, 2012 ). These behavioral problems have a more pronounced and negative impact on the child's psychological functioning than on their exterior environment since, in most situations, the behavior is covert and difficult to detect (Georgiou & Symeou, 2018 ; Rose et al., 2018 ).

When comparing the expression of such behaviors as a function of the child’s sex, previous studies have been consistently demonstrating that girls tend to express more internalizing behaviors, such as anxiety and depression, while boys tend to adopt more externalizing behaviors, such as anger and aggressive behavior (Bongers et al., 2003 ; Campos et al., 2014 ; Chaplin & Aldao, 2013 ; Crijnen et al., 1997 ; Moral et al., 2012).

The importance of studying these behaviors is related to the fact that they are usually associated with several negative outcomes over the life course. For example, previous studies have revealed that externalizing behaviors increase the risk of juvenile delinquency, adult crime, violent and antisocial behaviors, and substance abuse. Also, internalizing behaviors appear to be associated with a greater risk of depression, anxiety, suicide in adolescence and adulthood, and school failure (Farrington, 2003 ; Liu, 2004 ; Lorber & Egeland, 2009 ; Min et al., 2014 ; Moffitt, 1993 ). As such, the importance of understanding the origin of these behaviors (Georgiou & Symeou, 2018 ) and their developmental patterns is acknowledged, reinforcing the need to adopt intervention strategies suitable for preventing those behaviors and their iatrogenic effects (Liu, 2004 ).

Prior research has focused on the influence that individual, familiar, or contextual factors play in the emergence and development of such behaviors (Min et al., 2018 ). Particularly, focusing on the individual and family levels, previous studies have consistently shown that parenting styles and self-control might play a central role in the emergence and development of children and youth’s disruptive behaviors, such as externalizing, internalizing and even delinquent behaviors (Georgiou & Symeou, 2018 ; Farrington, 2003 ; Hoeve et al., 2009 ; Lorber & Egeland, 2009 ; Liu, 2004 ; Min et al., 2014 ; Moffitt, 1993 ; Steinberg et al., 2006 ; Cauffman et al., 2005 ; Moffitt et al,. 2011 ; Pratt & Cullen, 2000 ).

Thus, the current study seeks to explore the influence that permissive, authoritarian, and authoritative parenting styles have on the development of externalizing and internalizing behaviors, as well as to understand the potential indirect effects that self-control can have on this relationship, using a sample of 472 Portuguese middle school children and youth.

Parenting Styles

Parenting is a complex task, particularly when considering the different elements, processes, and dynamics it comprises (Rose et al., 2018 ). Over the years, there has been extensive theoretical and empirical research into the influence of parenting on children’s socialization (Baumrind, 1967 , 1971 , 1978 ), which has commonly followed two distinct theoretical approaches (Darling & Steinberg, 1993 ): either dimensional or typological. The former focuses on the individual dimensions of parenting, i.e., parenting practices ( e.g., affection, monitoring, and parental discipline). The latter labels parents with a particular parenting style according to different dimensions (Baumrind, 1967 ; Pinquart, 2017 ). There are a series of reasons based upon which the typological approach has been considered preferable for a comprehensive understanding of the influence parenting exert on children and youth behavior. First, it provides a holistic, interactive, and dynamic understanding of the processes and environments on which the family context is based (O’Connor, 2002 ). Furthermore, it possesses an " increased ecological validity " (Pereira et al., 2009 , p. 455) to the extent that it can capture the interaction effects of the different dimensions and how they affect and influence each other (Steward & Bond, 2002 ). Finally, this approach captures more comprehensively the multiple aspects underlying a child’s upbringing and, as such, provides a broader understanding of the role that behaviors, interactions, and emotions play in shaping children and youth’s behavior (Hoeve et al., 2011 ).

Baumrind ( 1967 ) proposes a typological approach based on two dimensions: parental control/demand and parental warmth/involvement and responsiveness. The first concerns the “ active role that parents play in promoting respect for rules and social conventions ” (Akhter et al., 2011 , p.24) and is related to high expectations, the definition of behavioral limits, and the application of rules and standards of conduct, including monitoring child’s behavior. The second is focused on responding to the child's needs, being available to talk, and providing a safe environment for learning and integral development. According to Baumrind ( 1967 ), combining the above-mentioned dimensions allows the conception of three distinct parenting styles: authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive (Baumrind, 1967 ).

The authoritative parenting style is rational and issue-oriented and is characterized by a parental attitude particularly oriented toward the child's activities and behaviors. Usually, parents adopting such a style are highly responsive, affectionate, and cognitive, establishing and encouraging flexible networks and communication with their children. Authoritative parents tend to exert firm control and set clear limits and boundaries in the face of disagreements between themselves and their children, motivating obedience but not limiting them incessantly (Baumrind, 1978 ). Empirical evidence has shown that children exposed to this parenting style present lower levels of externalizing and internalizing behaviors (Akhter et al., 2011 ; Alizadeh et al., 2011 ; Pinquart, 2017 ; Rose et al., 2018 ), mainly because these are parents who are warm, providing the child with structured environments, but who are also capable of adapting this environment to the child's needs. This parenting style is perceived as the most suitable for promoting the child’s behavioral and psychological development and adjustment (Rose et al., 2018 ).

On the other hand, authoritarian and permissive parenting styles have been systematically associated with increased rates of externalizing and internalizing behaviors (e.g., Baumrind et al., 2010 ; Pinquart, 2017 ; Rinaldi & Howe, 2012 ). The authoritarian parenting style embodies parental efforts to shape, control, and evaluate the child's conduct according to pre-established behavioral standards. These standards are usually absolute, theologically motivated, and directed by a figure of authority and superiority. This limits the child's individuality since punitive measures and strict rules are used when the child adopts any behavior that goes against what the parents think is the appropriate way to behave. Authoritarian parents do not encourage dialog or the debate of ideas, believing that the child must comply with what the parental figure imposes (Baumrind, 1978 ), thus contributing to the development of children’s negativity and tension in terms of family dynamics and communications, which, in turn, has been associated with children’s lower levels of attachment to their parents and higher rates of disruptive behavior, such as externalizing or internalizing (Amran & Basri, 2020 ).

A permissive parenting style refers to parents who do not set standards, limits, and behavioral expectations for their children despite being warm and affectionate with them. Permissive parents tend to be unable to enforce consistent discipline thus leaving the children free to satisfy their impulses, actions, and desires (Baumrind, 1978 ), which, in turn, has been associated with higher rates of children’s externalizing and internalizing behaviors.

Considering this, it is relatively easy to assume that the relationship between parenting styles and children’s externalizing and internalizing behaviors is robust and well-documented. Furthermore, previous studies have demonstrated that these relationships are sustained regardless of the child sex (Akhter et al., 2011 ; Alizadeh et al., 2011 ; Braza et al., 2015 ; Pinquart, 2017 ; Rinaldi & Howe, 2012 ).

However, less is known about the processes, mechanisms, or variables underlying such a relationship. This reinforced the need to research further the influence that other factors might exert at individual, familial, or contextual levels. In this regard, research has been conducted to understand self-control’s role in this relationship. These studies have revealed that self-control plays an important role in the relationship between parenting styles and children’s externalizing and internalizing behaviors, as it is explored below (Bai et al., 2020 ; Finkenauer et al., 2005 ; Özdemir et al., 2013 ; Pan et al., 2021 ; Tehrani & Yamini, 2020 ; Van Prooijen et al., 2018 ; Zhang & Wang, 2022 ).

Self-Control

Self-control is a widely used and researched construct, and a considerable number of definitions can be found throughout the literature (e.g., Finkenauer et al., 2005 ; Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990 ; Moffitt et al., 2011 ; Pan et al., 2021 ; Tangney et al., 2004 ). For example, Moffitt et al., ( 2011 , p. 2693) see self-control as an "umbrella construct" encompassing concepts and measures from different areas such as impulsivity, delay of gratification, inattention, conscientiousness, and timeless choice. On the other hand, at the heart of the concept of self-control proposed by Tangney et al. ( 2004 ) is the ability to override or modify internal responses, suspend undesirable tendencies (e.g., impulses), and refrain from acting on them.

The current study follows Gottfredson and Hirschi’s ( 1990 ) conceptualization, according to which self-control constitutes an individual factor that takes the form of “ the tendency to avoid acts whose long-term costs exceed their momentary advantages ” (Hirschi & Gottfredson, 1994 , p. 3). According to the authors, there are six core elements of low self-control: (i) impulsiveness and the inability to delay gratification, i.e., an attitude and behavior focused on the immediate and the present; (ii) lack of persistence or tenacity, which means that individuals with low self-control have a tendency to avoid complex tasks, little enthusiasm for work or persistence to finish a task already started; (iii) participation in risk-seeking activities, i.e., involvement in risky, exciting, and arousing activities; (iv) a low appreciation of intellectual ability, in other words, a person that lacks self-control prefers to engage in physical and risky activities rather than cognitive and mental ones; (v) egocentrism, i.e., being unable to take into account the perspective of others or caring to their needs; and (vi) volatile temperament, which means minimal tolerance for frustration and little ability to respond to conflicts using verbal rather than physical means (Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990 ).

Previous studies have also explored whether self-control manifests itself differently as a function of sex. In their General Theory of Crime , Gottfredson and Hirschi ( 1990 ) refer that women develop higher levels of self-control, which is corroborated by Duckworth et al. ( 2015 ). Furthermore, previous studies have demonstrated that the influence of low self-control on behavior occurs in the same way, regardless of sex (Botchkovar et al., 2015 ; Ivert et al., 2018 ). However, several other studies showed that the influence of self-control on behavior varies depending on the sex of the individuals (Chui & Chan, 2016 ; De Ridder et al., 2012 ; Flexon et al., 2016 ), reinforcing the need for further research (Pechorro et al., 2021 ).

Empirical evidence has shown a robust association between deviance, crime, and self-control, and criminologists have focused on exploring the factors responsible for the differences in the levels of self-control, particularly those most commonly associated with low self-control (Beaver et al., 2010 ). A fundamental theoretical assumption from the General Theory of Crime (Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990 ) concerns the fact that it proposes that self-control develops during the first years of a child's life and becomes stable around ten years of age, even though this stability is not absolute, but rather between individuals (Vazsonyi & Jiskrova, 2018 ). In this sense, Gottfredson and Hirschi ( 1990 ) attribute the greatest weight to parenting in developing self-control. Parents are usually responsible for monitoring and supervising their children's behavior, recognizing inappropriate behavior, and punishing it when it occurs, thus instilling the development of self-control. Based on these theoretical premises, several empirical studies have tested this hypothesis and verified that parenting is important in developing children’s self-control ( e.g., Marcone et al., 2020 ; Özdemir et al., 2013 ; Tehrani & Yamini, 2020 ). Overall, these studies highlighted family stability, positive parenting, good parent–child relationships, monitoring, affection, emotional support, consistent discipline, and an authoritative parenting style as the most important aspects of parenting for developing self-control. Particularly, it was found that ineffective parenting practices in which authoritarian and/or permissive parenting styles prevail, combined with poor family stability, negative parenting, and poor relations and interactions between parents and children, are associated with lower levels of self-control in children (Marcone et al., 2020 ; Tehrani & Yamini, 2020 ).

Indirect Effects Between Parenting Styles, Externalizing and Internalizing Behaviors, and Self-Control

Over the years, several studies and theoretical assumptions have highlighted the importance of self-control as a mediator of the relationship between parenting and children’s externalizing, internalizing, antisocial, or even delinquent behaviors. For example, Tehrani and Yamini’s ( 2020 ) meta-analysis explored the relationship between effective parenting practices, low self-control, and antisocial behavior. The results showed that parenting practices indirectly affected antisocial behavior through low self-control and directly affected antisocial behavior regardless of low self-control, thus suggesting the mediation effect of self-control on the relationship between parenting practices and children’s antisocial behavior (Tehrani & Yamini, 2020 ). Van Prooijen et al. ( 2018 ) found no interaction effects between self-control and concerning externalizing and internalizing problems. Nevertheless, it was found that higher levels of children’s self-control, reported by both the mother and the father, were associated with lower levels of externalizing behaviors. In comparison, higher levels of self-control reported by the mother were also associated with fewer internalizing behaviors. Overall, positive parenting practices by both parents were associated with fewer externalizing and internalizing behaviors.

In their study, Özdemir et al. ( 2013 ) explored the direct and indirect relationships between parenting practices, such as closeness, monitoring and affection, low self-control, and aggression. The results revealed that parental measures of closeness and monitoring were significantly and negatively correlated with low self-control and aggressive behavior. In addition, the authors analyzed the role of self-control in this relationship. They concluded that parental measures were directly correlated with aggressive behavior and indirectly through low self-control. Specifically, monitoring by parents had significant direct and indirect effects on aggression through low self-control, suggesting that adolescents whose parents monitored their behaviors were more likely to develop greater self-control, which, in turn, led to the adoption of fewer aggressive behaviors.

Rezaei et al. ( 2019 ) sought to explore the relationship between parenting styles and the capacity for self-control in delinquent adolescents. The results showed that juvenile delinquents with a higher perception of authoritative parenting style and a lower perception of permissive parenting style had higher levels of self-control. Regression analyses show that an increase in the perception of authoritative parenting style and a decrease in the perception of authoritarian parenting style was associated with higher levels of self-control, thus suggesting that parenting styles “ can predict self-control capacity of juvenile delinquents ” (p. 61). Specifically, authoritative parenting creates favorable socialization conditions for developing self-control, while authoritarian parenting reduces juvenile delinquents’ ability to exercise self-control (Rezaei et al., 2019 ).

Similarly, Finkenauer et al. ( 2005 ) showed that both self-control and some parenting features, such as psychological control, poor parental monitoring and supervision, were independently associated with higher rates of emotional problems ( e.g., depression, stress, and low self-esteem) and behavioral problems ( e.g., aggression) in adolescents between 10 and 14 years. Also, low levels of self-control reported by the youth were strongly associated with behavioral and emotional problems, regardless of gender. Additionally, perceiving parents as restrictive and psychologically controlling was associated with higher emotional and behavioral problems. On the other hand, perceived parental receptivity, solidarity, and proper monitoring of adolescents’ activities and whereabouts were associated with youth’s lower emotional and behavioral problems. The results also indicated that the link between parenting and behavioral and emotional problems was partially mediated by self-control.

Recently, using a sample of 611 Chinese adolescents, Zhang and Wang ( 2022 ) examined the mediating role of self-control in the relationship between parenting styles, namely paternal and maternal rejection, affection and overprotection, and externalizing and internalizing behaviors. In addition, they also sought to explore if there were gender differences in the abovementioned relationships. The results showed that parenting variables had different influences on adolescent behavior. Specifically, paternal rejection was positively associated with externalizing behaviors, while maternal rejection was positively correlated with internalizing behaviors. Paternal affection, not maternal affection, was negatively correlated with internalizing behaviors. Maternal overprotection was positively associated with externalizing and internalizing behaviors. Adolescents’ self-control was significantly and negatively correlated with externalizing and internalizing behaviors. Also, adolescents’ self-control significantly mediated the effect of maternal rejection on internalizing behaviors and paternal rejection on externalizing behaviors (Zhang & Wang, 2022 ).

The above-mentioned studies have shown that positive parenting, such as the authoritative parenting style, contributes to lower levels of externalizing and internalizing behaviors through its influence on reducing low self-control. In turn, children exposed to negative parenting, such as authoritarian and permissive parenting styles, have more externalizing and internalizing behaviors due to the influence of these parenting styles on higher levels of low self-control (Liu et al., 2019 ; Pan et al., 2021 ; Tehrani & Yamini, 2020 ; Van Prooijen et al., 2018 ; Zhang & Wang, 2022 ).

Given the empirical evidence described above, it should be noted that externalizing and internalizing behaviors have a central influence on the development of children and youth and that parenting styles and self-control play an important role in developing these behaviors. Despite this, the development of this study is essential since, to the best of our knowledge, no other study has yet explored the relationship between parenting styles and externalizing and internalizing behaviors, neither in the Portuguese context nor with this specific population. In addition, few studies have allowed us to understand the role of self-control in this relationship. Those carried out have shown mixed results, thus reinforcing the need for further research to understand how the parenting styles developed by Baumrind ( 1971 , 1978 ) influence the externalizing and internalizing behaviors of children and youth, as well as the role of self-control in this relationship.

Current Study

Given the theoretical and empirical considerations presented, this exploratory cross-sectional study sought to explore and compare the relative influence of the parenting styles proposed by Baumrind ( 1971 , 1978 ) on the emergence and development of children and youth’s externalizing and internalizing behaviors. Furthermore, it aimed to analyze self-control’s potential mediating role in this relationship. Following this goal and considering the theoretical rationale underlying this subject, the following hypotheses were tested: (i) authoritarian and permissive parenting styles positively influence children and youth’s externalizing and internalizing behaviors; (ii) authoritative parenting style negatively influences children and youth’s externalizing and internalizing behaviors; (iii) as age increases, the levels of externalizing and internalizing behaviors increase; (iv) female children report higher levels of internalizing behaviors while male children report higher levels externalizing behaviors; (v) children and youth’s low self-control is positively associated with externalizing and internalizing behaviors; (vi) children and youth’s low self-control has a mediating effect on the relationship between parenting styles and externalizing and internalizing behaviors, that is, each of the parenting styles influences externalizing and internalizing behaviors, through their influence on increasing and/or decreasing low self-control.

Participants

The study was conducted with a non-clinical convenience sample. The participants ( n  = 472) were children and youth between 12 and 15 years old, attending the 7th ( n  = 161), 8th ( n  = 144), and 9th ( n  = 167) grades of middle school. The sample consisted of 57% males ( n  = 268), with an average age of 13.30 (SD = 0.983).

The data were collected during 2022. The participating schools were selected based on the school years administrated and their availability and willingness to participate in the study. To ensure the school’s participation, the researchers contacted each principal to obtain consent for the research development. From the twelve schools in the district of Porto that were invited to participate in the study, only four agreed to participate (the remaining eight either formally declined to participate or did not provide any kind of response). The schools that agreed to collaborate in the study were then contacted for the joint selection of the specific classes that would be sampled, considering the eligibility criteria defined, namely the participant’s age and grade. Students with special educational needs were not considered eligible for participation in the research. This contact also allowed the outline of the procedures needed to contact the parents/legal guardians to obtain their informed consent and authorization for their children’s participation in the research, considering all participants were under-aged. Furthermore, the consent of the participating children and youth was also requested before the data collection. Finally, it should also be mentioned that before the data collection procedure, the research project was submitted to the Faculty of Law of the University of Porto’s Ethics Committee, which approved the current study’s execution. All participants completed a paper and pencil self-report measure after the researchers explained and provided the necessary study details and instructions on completing the forms.

Parenting styles (permissive, authoritarian, and authoritative) were assessed using the Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ; Buri, 1991 , adapted for the Portuguese population by Morgado et al., 2006 ), which is a self-report measure directed at children and youth. This measure comprises 30 items that reflect parents’ educational strategies and perspectives during their children’s childhood and adolescence. Children and youth are asked to express the degree of agreement with each one of the statements presented using a five-point Likert scale, ranging from (1) “totally disagree” to (5) “totally agree.” The items are grouped into three sub-scales of 10, each corresponding to the specific parenting style under study. Each subscale is scored between 10 and 50 points. The subscale with the highest score represents the parenting style predominantly adopted by the parent (Buri, 1991 ; Morgado et al., 2006 ). Concerning reliability, the PAQ consistency analyses conducted in this study revealed an adequate internal consistency (permissive parenting style α  = 0.64; authoritarian parenting style α  = . 82; authoritative parenting style α  = 0.83).

Externalizing and Internalizing Behaviors

Externalizing and internalizing behaviors were measured using the Youth Self Report (YSR/11–18; adapted and validated for the Portuguese population by Fonseca & Monteiro, 1999). Being part of the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001 ), YSR is a high-quality diagnostic self-report measure for emotional and behavioral problems and social skills of children and adolescents, whose standard classification period is the last six months (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001 ). The internalizing syndrome scale, which measures emotional problems, comprises three subscales: anxious/depressed, withdrawn/depressed, and somatic complaints. The externalizing syndrome scale assesses behavioral problems and comprises the subscales of rule-breaking behavior and aggressive behavior. For each item presented, respondents are requested to indicate the frequency of each behavior on a scale ranging from (0) “ not true ,” (1) “ somewhat or sometimes true, ” and (2) “ very true or often true ” (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2001 ). In the current study, the YSR showed satisfactory internal consistency indexes, specifically α  = 0.67 for the externalizing and α  = 0.72 for the internalizing syndrome scales.

• Self-control

Self-control was assessed using the Low Self-Control Scale (LSCS) by Grasmick et al. ( 1993 ). The original Grasmick LSCS is an attitudinal and self-report measure comprising 24 items, corresponding to the six dimensions of self-control proposed in Gottfredson and Hirschi’s ( 1990 ) General Theory of Crime , namely impulsivity, preference for simple tasks, risk-seeking, preference for physical activities, being self-centered, and having trouble controlling one’s temper. The children and youth were asked to rate their degree of agreement for each of the items, using a 4-point Likert scale, ranging from (1) “ totally disagree ” to (4) “ totally agree.” The items are aggregated to form a total score; the higher this score, the lower the levels of self-control. In the current study, good levels of internal consistency were found for the total scale ( α  = 0.82).

Data Analysis

Descriptive statistics and reliability analyses of the scales were used to assess the psychometric features of the sample. Independent samples t -tests and Cohen’s d (effect size measure) were used to explore gender differences. Pearson’s r correlations coefficients were used to analyzed the relationships between the variables under study. Additional data analysis procedures explored the direct and indirect effects of parenting styles, externalizing and internalizing behaviors, and self-control. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to identify significant predictors of children and youth’s externalizing and internalizing behaviors. The Ordinary Least Squares method was used to obtain the Beta values ( β ) and the adjusted r 2 . In addition, to assess the quality of the model's fit, the Coefficient of Determination ( R 2 ) and the F -test were calculated to check the overall significance of the regression. In turn, the assumptions of the linear regression were validated using the Durbin-Watson Test for the Independence of Random Terms (ui). Finally, the Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) was used to check for multicollinearity. Values greater than 5 would indicate multicollinearity (Field, 2013 ). In addition, SPSS PROCESS MACRO 4.3 was used to examine the indirect effects between the variables under study (Hayes, 2012 ). Briefly, this tool allows us to (1) estimate the total effect of the Independent Variable (IV) on the Dependent Variable (DV); (2) to understand the effect of the IV on the DV by controlling for the Mediating Variable (MV); and (3) to analyze the indirect effect of the IV on the DV through the MV. In addition, PROCESS also makes it possible to test mediation and moderation models by estimating the coefficients of linear or logistic regressions, regardless of the nature of the variables under analysis, calculating the direct and indirect effects in mediation and moderation models (Hayes, 2012 ).

Sample Descriptive Statistics for Externalizing and Internalizing Behaviors, Parenting Styles and Self-Control, Both for the Total Sample and by Gender

Table 1 presents the descriptive statistics of the main study variables: externalizing and internalizing behaviors, parenting styles and low self-control, for the total sample and for females and males, separately. Girls presented significantly higher mean scores for internalizing behaviors ( M  = 22.64; SD = 11.04) than boys ( M  = 13.26; SD = 8.86). Concerning parenting styles, the results revealed that the authoritative parenting style is the most prevalent in the sample ( M  = 37.39; SD = 6.51). Furthermore, although higher mean levels for all parenting styles were observed for boys, compared with girls, significant differences were only found for the authoritarian parenting style ( p  < 0.00; d  = 0.33). Lastly, regarding self-control, the majority of participants presented moderate to high levels of low self-control ( M  = 55.43; SD = 9.63; Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990 ). No significant differences were found between boys and girls.

Correlations Between Externalizing Behaviors, Internalizing Behaviors, Parenting Styles and Self-Control

Table 2 reports the Pearson’s correlations between studied variables. The results revealed that externalizing and internalizing behaviors are significantly correlated ( r  = 0.504**), indicating that higher levels of externalizing behaviors are associated with higher levels of internalizing behaviors. Furthermore, authoritarian parenting style is positively correlated with externalizing behaviors ( r  = 0.246**) and internalizing behaviors ( r  = 0.182**), suggesting that the higher the frequency of authoritarian parenting style perceived by the children, the higher the rates of externalizing and internalizing behaviors. In line with this, the authoritative parenting style is negatively correlated with externalizing behaviors ( r  = − 0.410*) and internalizing behaviors ( r  = − 0.379**), demonstrating that the more prevalent this parenting style is, the lower the rates of children and youth’s externalizing and internalizing behaviors. Regarding self-control, it is important to note it is positively associated with externalizing behaviors ( r  = 0.518**) and internalizing behaviors ( r  = 0.241**). Finally, it should also be mentioned that low self-control is positively correlated with permissive ( r  = 0.127**) and authoritarian ( r  = 0.264**) parenting styles, as well as negatively correlated with authoritative parenting style ( r  = − 0.281**), thus suggesting that children exposed to an authoritarian and permissive parenting style have higher levels of low self-control, and that children exposed to an authoritative parenting style have lower levels of low self-control.

Regression Models for Internalizing and Externalizing Behaviors

Table 3 presents the final regression models developed for children and youth’s externalizing and internalizing behaviors. As displayed in the table, the regression model for the externalizing behaviors is significant, explaining around 37% ( p  < 0.001) of the total variance of the dependent variable. The children’s sex ( β  = 0.084; p  = 0.041), age ( β  = 0.093; p  = 0.021), and low self-control ( β  = 0.461; p  < 0.001) significantly predicted externalizing behaviors, suggesting that girls are less likely to adopt externalizing behaviors; that as age increases, so do the levels of externalizing behaviors; and those higher levels of low self-control contribute to explaining higher levels of externalizing behavior. In turn, the permissive ( β  = − 0.097; p  = 0.023) and authoritative parenting styles ( β  = − 0.242; p  < 0.001) significantly integrate the model but in a negative manner, thus suggesting that greater exposure to each one of these parenting styles leads to lower levels of children and youth’s externalizing behaviors.

As for internalizing behaviors, the regression model executed is statistically significant and explains around 35% (p < 0.001) of the total variability of the dependent variable. Considering the predictors introduced in the model, the results revealed that the children’s sex ( β  = 0.438; p  < 0.001), authoritarian parenting style ( β  = 0.130; p  < 0.005), and low self-control ( β  = 0.179; p  < 0.001) integrate the model in a positive and statistically significant way, thus indicating that female children are more likely to present higher levels of internalizing behaviors; that the more the children are exposed to an authoritarian parenting style, the higher the rates of internalizing behaviors; and that, similarly to what was found for externalizing behaviors, higher levels of low self-control predicted more internalizing behaviors. In turn, the authoritative parenting style is the only statistically significant variable ( β  = − 0.266; p  < 0.001), which suggests that the more children are exposed to this parenting style, the lower the levels of internalizing behaviors.

Indirect Effects of Low Self-Control

Mediation models were tested to explore the indirect effects of low self-control in the relationship between parenting styles and externalizing and internalizing behaviors. Three models were generated to analyze the mediation processes associated with predicting externalizing behaviors, as presented in Table  4 .

Figure  1 illustrates the first model that tested the mediating effect of low self-control on the relationship between permissive parenting style and externalizing behaviors. The results show that the independent variable, permissive parenting style, has a positive and statistically significant effect on the mediating variable low self-control (direct effect = 0.215; p  = 0.025) and that the mediating variable has a positive and statistically significant effect on the dependent variable, externalizing behaviors (direct effect = 0.390; p  < 0.000).

Mediation models: permissive, authoritarian and authoritative parenting styles, externalizing behaviors, and low self-control

In turn, the permissive parenting style negatively and significantly predicted externalizing behaviors (direct effect = − 0.218; p  = 0.000). However, as far as indirect effects are concerned, these were tested using bootstrapping procedures, which showed that the standardized effect was 0.047 with a 95% confidence interval ranging from − 0.010 to 0.177, including a value of 0. This indicates that although a permissive parenting style has a negative and significant direct effect on externalizing behaviors, the indirect effect through low self-control is insignificant.

The second model, shown in Fig.  1 , tested the mediating effect of low self-control on the relationship between authoritarian parenting style and externalizing behaviors to analyze whether authoritarian parenting style increases levels of low self-control, and these, in turn, lead to higher rates of externalizing behaviors. As can be seen, the independent variable authoritarian parenting style has a positive and statistically significant effect on the mediating variable low self-control (direct effect = 0.363; p  = 0.000), and the mediating variable also has a positive and significant effect on the dependent variable (direct effect = 0.348; p  = 0.000). As for the independent variable, it has a positive and statistically significant effect on the dependent variable (direct effect = 0.133; p  = 0.004). However, there was a standardized indirect effect of 0.029 with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 0.075 to 0.187, indicating that the indirect effect was statistically significant. This indicates a partial mediation relationship between the variables because, despite the direct and significant effect between the independent and dependent variables, the authoritarian parenting style indirectly influences increasing levels of externalizing behavior through its positive influence on low self-control.

As for model 3, the aim was to understand the mediating effect of low self-control on the relationship between authoritarian parenting style and externalizing behaviors to understand whether authoritarian parenting style reduces low self-control, which in turn leads to a reduction in externalizing behaviors.

As shown in Fig.  1 , the independent variable has a negative and significant effect on the mediating variable (direct effect = − 0.429; p  = 0.000), and the mediating variable has a positive and significant effect on the dependent variable (direct effect = 0.317; p  = 0.000). As for the independent variable, it has a negative and significant effect on the dependent variable (direct effect = − 0.303; p  = 0.000). Despite this, there was a standardized effect of 0.033, with a 95% confidence interval of − 0.206 to − 0.077, which suggests that the indirect effect tested is significant. This indicates a partial mediation relationship between the variables since, despite the significant direct effect between the dependent and independent variables, the authoritarian parenting style reduces externalizing behavior by reducing low self-control.

On the other hand, to analyze the mediation processes underlying the prediction of internalizing behaviors, the three models shown in Table  5 were processed.

The fourth model tested the mediating effect of low self-control on the relationship between the independent variable, permissive parenting style, and the dependent variable, internalizing behaviors. The results shown in Fig.  2 indicate that the independent variable has a positive and significant effect on the mediating variable (direct effect = 0.233; p  = 0.012) and that the mediating variable influences the dependent variable in a positive and statistically significant way (direct effect = 0.325; p  = 0.000). In turn, the independent variable has a negative and significant effect on the dependent variable (direct effect = − 0.248; p  = 0.024). Despite this, there is a standardized indirect effect of 0.040, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.000 to 0.158, which means a partial mediation relationship exists. In other words, despite the significant direct effect recorded between the dependent and independent variables, the permissive parenting style contributes to the increase in levels of internalizing behaviors through its influence on the increase in levels of low self-control.

Mediation models: permissive authoritarian and authoritative parenting styles, internalizing behaviors, and low self-control

The fifth model investigated the mediating effect of low self-control on the relationship between authoritarian parenting style and internalizing behaviors. As can be seen in Fig.  2 , it is possible to understand that the independent variable has a positive and statistically significant effect on the mediating variable (direct effect = 0.368; p  = 0.000) and that the mediating variable has a positive and significant effect on the dependent variable (direct effect = 0.251; p  = 0.000).

The independent variable positively and significantly affects the dependent variable (direct effect = 0.229; p  = 0.007). Finally, as in the previous model, there is a standardized indirect effect of 0.040 for a 95% confidence interval of 0.037 to 0.153). This indicates a partial mediation relationship because, despite the significant direct effect between the dependent and independent variables, the authoritarian parenting style contributes to an increase in internalizing behaviors through its positive influence on low self-control (Fig.  2 ).

The sixth model focused on analyzing the mediating effects of low self-control on the relationship between authoritative parenting style and internalizing behaviors. The results shown in Fig.  2 indicate that authoritarian parenting style has a statistically significant negative effect on the mediating variable (direct effect = − 0.431; p  = 0.000) and that the mediating variable has a positive and significant effect on the dependent variable (right effect = 0.160; p  = 0.007). In turn, the authoritative parenting style has a negative and significant effect on internalizing behaviors (direct effect = − 0.580; p  = 0.000). Finally, there is a standardized indirect effect of 0.031 for a 95% confidence interval of − 0.133 to − 0.012). This suggests that, although the authoritarian parenting style contributes to a decrease in internalizing behaviors, there is a partial mediation relationship in that the authoritarian parenting style affects the decrease of internalizing behaviors by decreasing low self-control.

The main goal of this research was to analyze and compare the relative influence of authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive parenting styles on children and youth’s externalizing and internalizing behaviors and explore the indirect effects of self-control on this relation.

Thus, concerning the first research hypothesis, it was defined that authoritarian and permissive parenting styles positively influence children and youth’s externalizing and internalizing behaviors. As for the authoritarian parenting style, the hypothesis was partially confirmed since this variable is a significant predictor only of internalizing behaviors. Nevertheless, this is a result that finds empirical support in different studies ( e.g., Alizadeh et al., 2011 ; Akhter et al., 2011 ; Braza et al., 2015 ) which have shown cross-sectionally and longitudinally, that children exposed to a parenting style based on levels of authority and behavioral demands, and little freedom of expression, present higher levels of internalizing behaviors (Akhter et al., 2011 ). Thus, the results observed in the current study might be related to the fact that parents who adopt this parenting style do not establish an interactive dialogue with their children and are, in most situations and life contexts, strict, rigid, and inflexible, both in terms of limits and in terms of the behavioral expectations they impose, not responding to their children's emotional and affective needs. As Amran and Basri ( 2020 ) suggest, this type of parenting incites certain negativity in children, leading to higher levels of internalizing behaviors, as demonstrated in this study, because when parents do not respond to their children's needs and emotions, tensions are created in terms of communication and family dynamics. This leads to what Rose et al. ( 2018 , p. 1482) describe as " parenting stress and child-rearing stress.”, leading children to look for opportunities to release their tensions when they enter other socialization contexts, and in many of these situations, internalizing behaviors occur.

On the other hand, the permissive parenting style variable is statistically significant being a statistically significant predictor of externalizing behaviors, suggesting that children's greater exposure to this parenting style leads to lower externalizing behaviors. This was one of the results that did not follow the same direction as previous studies (e.g., Akhter et al., 2011 ; Alizadeh et al., 2011 ; Braza et al., 2015 ), nor the research hypothesis defined for this study. This result might be explained by the fact that this parenting style has fewer direct and immediate consequences on this type of behavior in children during this development period (Rinaldi & Howe, 2012 ). On the other hand, this parenting style was the least reported by the children, so given the low levels of this style in the sample, it is possible to understand why this relationship exists.

As for the second research hypothesis, it was defined that authoritative parenting style negatively influences the externalizing and internalizing behaviors of children and young people. This hypothesis was confirmed since the authoritarian parenting style variable was statistically significant, indicating that children exposed to this style have lower externalizing and internalizing behaviors. These results align with others from previous studies ( e.g., Pinquart, 2017 ; Rinaldi & Howe, 2012 ). As such, the results found in this study might be explained by what Rose et al. ( 2018 ) propose, i.e., authoritative parents are warm from an affective point of view, set clear and structured limits for their children's actions and behaviors, and can adapt them to their needs. This makes children develop greater levels of affection for their parents and feel safe and understood in the relationships they establish with them, leading to lower levels of internalizing and externalizing behaviors. As Baumrind et al. ( 2010 ) argue, childhood is a period of development in which children begin to create their independence and capacity for autonomy, and authoritarian parenting is ideal for providing children with the right support for this development.

The third research hypothesis states that the externalizing and internalizing behaviors increase as age increases. This hypothesis was partially confirmed, considering that the age of the children was a significant predictor only of internalizing behaviors. There have been mixed results in the literature ( e.g., Bishop et al., 2020 ; Bongers et al., 2003 ; Crijnen et al., 1997 ). However, the results obtained in the current study might be explained because the children and youth who took part in the study were starting puberty, a developmental period in which various hormonal, social, and behavioral changes occur, which may make this behavior more likely to occur. This reality was tested in the study by Bishop et al. ( 2020 ), which found that levels of externalizing behaviors increased between the ages of 11 and 15 and decreased when the children were between 16 and 20. In this sense, longitudinal studies are needed to understand better the evolution of these behaviors over different age groups and the individual, community, and social factors that can affect their development.

Furthermore, the fourth research hypothesis states that girls report more internalizing behaviors, and boys are more likely to report more externalizing behaviors. This hypothesis was partially confirmed, as being female significantly predicts both externalizing and internalizing behaviors, which also contradicts the results from previous studies ( e.g., Bongers et al., 2003 ; Campos et al., 2014 ; Chaplin & Aldao, 2013 ; Crijnen et al., 1997 ). Regarding internalizing behaviors, according to Chaplin and Aldao ( 2013 ), this result could be explained by the tendency of girls, especially during adolescence, to be more emotionally expressive. On the other hand, Brown ( 1999 ) states that the expression of externalizing behaviors has become increasingly common among adolescents and is more prevalent in female children, potentially reflecting a change in gender roles in today's society. However, longitudinal research would be necessary to analyze how the expression of these behaviors changes from childhood to adulthood. The result regarding internalizing behaviors aligns with previous studies’ findings ( e.g., Bongers et al., 2003 ; Campos et al., 2014 ; Crijnen et al., 1997 ) and with the hypothesis defined in the study. As shown by Bongers et al. ( 2003 ), the prevalence of internalizing behaviors between boys and girls in childhood does not differ. However, with the onset and entry into adolescence, an increase in internalizing behaviors in girls is common, which can be explained by the fact that girls struggle earlier with physical, hormonal, and behavioral changes that can lead to a greater expression of this type of behavior due to the uncertainty and instability typical of this period of development (Bongers et al., 2003 ).

The fifth research hypothesis tested in the current study which proposes that low self-control in children and youth is positively associated with externalizing and internalizing behaviors, was fully confirmed. Other studies have widely documented the relationship between low self-control and externalizing and internalizing behaviors (e.g., Bai et al., 2020 ; Van Prooijen et al., 2018 ; Zhang & Wang, 2022 ). Thus, children with low self-control are characterized by being more impulsive, egocentric, preferring simple, physical, and risky activities, and having a difficult temperament (Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990 ). As such, the results of the current study might be understood in light of what Zhang and Wang ( 2022 ) propose since children with low self-control have greater difficulty in redirecting their attention away from impulses, and if this tendency continues, they are more likely to adopt externalizing behaviors. As for internalizing behaviors, the authors highlight the attentional component of self-control, in that children with low self-control have difficulty shifting their attention from negative to positive aspects and may develop more internalizing behaviors (Eisenberg et al., 2001 ). In turn, the fact that low self-control is a stronger predictor of externalizing behavior can be understood from the research carried out by Krueger et al. ( 1996 ). The authors analyzed low self-control as a specific risk factor for externalizing behaviors. Through laboratory tasks, they concluded that children with externalizing behaviors tended to seek immediate gratification more than children with internalizing behaviors.

The last hypothesis states that low self-control in children and youth has a mediating effect on the relationship between parenting styles and externalizing and internalizing behaviors, i.e., each parenting style influences externalizing and internalizing behaviors through its influence on increasing and/or decreasing low self-control. The hypothesis was partially confirmed because low self-control significantly mediated the relationship between parenting styles and externalizing and internalizing behaviors in only five of the six models tested. Thus, each parenting style influences externalizing and internalizing behaviors, and parenting styles also influence low self-control, which influences externalizing and internalizing behaviors.

As for the partial mediation models that were confirmed, the results of the analyses follow the same direction as those found in other empirical research that has analyzed the relationship between several aspects of parenting, self-control, and behavior problems, including externalizing and internalizing behaviors ( e.g., Liu et al., 2019 ; Pan et al., 2021 ; Tehrani & Yamini, 2020 ; Van Prooijen et al., 2018 ; Zhang & Wang, 2022 ). The results of the current study might be explained by the fact that positive parenting, as the authoritative parenting style, contributes to lower levels of externalizing and internalizing behaviors through its influence on reducing low self-control. On the other hand, children exposed to negative parenting, such as authoritarian and permissive parenting styles, show more externalizing and internalizing behaviors due to the influence of these parenting styles on higher levels of low self-control.

In this regard, there is a debate in the scientific literature about whether it is more appropriate to talk about the role of low self-control in terms of total or partial mediation, and there are some gaps in the literature due to the mixed results found. The study by Tehrani and Yamini ( 2020 ) set out to fill this gap based on the idea that low self-control may not be able to "absorb" all the effects of parental practices and styles on externalizing and internalizing behaviors, so in the light of this study, as in the present research, the partial mediation model is the most appropriate to describe the relationship between these dimensions and variables under analysis. Thus, these results, in the light of what Tehrani and Yamini ( 2020 ) explain based on the General Theory of Crime (Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990 ), allow us to argue that children exposed to ineffective or inadequate parenting styles are not exposed to the necessary parenting and socialization practices that allow them to develop adequate levels of self-control, which in turn explain the emergence of externalizing and internalizing behaviors.

The opposite is also possible, i.e., when parents do not fail to emotionally support the child, monitor their behavior, and exert effective discipline and control. From authoritative parents, children learn, for example, to control their impulses, postpone their immediate gratification, be less egocentric, develop adequate self-control, and, as such, are less likely to adopt externalizing and internalizing behaviors. In short, externalizing and internalizing behaviors could be prevented if parents adopted appropriate socialization and education strategies, such as those typical of an authoritative parenting style (Pan et al., 2021 ; Tehrani & Yamini, 2020 ; Zhang & Wang, 2022 ). Therefore, the results presented reinforce the importance of studying self-control and different parenting styles in the emergence and development of externalizing and internalizing behaviors while explaining the mechanisms by which this influence occurs.

Limitations and Directions for Future Research

Despite the added value of the current study, it is not immune to some limitations. First, this study used a convenience sample of middle-school children from a restricted geographical area, thus impeding the generalization of the results. Future research should consider using a probabilistic sample of children from different geographical areas and cultural backgrounds. In line with this, it would be interesting that future research explores, in greater detail, the specific influence that some cultural features might exert in the explanation of the observed results (e.g., education, values, beliefs). In fact, previous studies have suggested that child-rearing (e.g., parenting styles) might be influenced by cultural values and that its impact on children’s behavior and adjustment might vary, depending on whether the adopted parenting strategies are considered more or less usual and accepted (e.g., Bornstein, 2013 ; Gershoff et al., 2010 ; Tehrani & Yamini, 2020 ).

Also, it would be interesting that future studies explore and analyze the potential maintenance of the results found with samples with low, medium, and high levels of antisocial and delinquent behavior, and not just normative ones, as the one used in the current study, while exploring further the gender differences for the relationships analyzed in the current study (particularly considering the mixed results found in previous studies, as described above; e.g., Braza et al., 2015 ; Chui & Chan, 2016 ; Pechorro et al., 2021 ; Pinquart, 2017 ).

In addition, there might have been a margin of bias in the data due to the self-report nature of the questionnaires. This bias may have occurred due to the children's reduced ability to remember past behaviors and/or events since for externalizing and internalizing behaviors, the children were asked to refer to behaviors adopted over the last six months. On the other hand, one can exclude the possibility of distortions or difficulties in understanding some of the questions, which might have influenced the results observed.

Finally, it is important to note that this was a correlational study, thus limiting the possibility of understanding the bidirectional influences of the variables and dimensions under study. This is important since other authors and previous studies have shown that the influence of parenting styles on externalizing and internalizing behaviors is a relationship that can be bidirectional because children with certain levels of externalizing and internalizing behaviors can trigger the adoption of specific parenting styles in their parents (Pardini et al., 2008 ; Pinquart, 2017 ). Thus, although this study demonstrated that parenting styles have a transversal and important influence in explaining externalizing and internalizing behaviors and the role of low self-control in this relationship, it does not allow us to understand whether externalizing and internalizing behaviors and low self-control explain parenting styles. As such, future studies should, using a multi-informant and multi-method approach, seek to understand the cumulative influences of parenting styles on externalizing and internalizing behaviors over different developmental periods, which is only possible through a longitudinal research design.

Implications

Despite the above-mentioned limitations and its exploratory nature, this study has several strengths and important theoretical and practical implications. First, this study extends previous research into the influence of parenting styles on the externalizing and internalizing behaviors of children and youth while also helping to understand the variables that predict these behaviors. In addition, the mediation analyses contributed to the scarce evidence and mixed results regarding the specific role that low self-control plays in the relationship between parenting styles and externalizing and internalizing behaviors.

Moreover, this study provides critical insights for developing prevention and intervention strategies targeting parents, children, and youth. By emphasizing the importance of specific factors consistently identified as crucial predictors of externalizing and internalizing behaviors, this research informs the design of targeted interventions. Specifically, it enhances our understanding of which parenting styles are most likely to contribute to the emergence, prevention, or reduction of these behaviors (Pinquart, 2017 ). This knowledge is essential for crafting prevention programs and intervention strategies that are not only grounded in theory but also supported by robust empirical evidence (Akhter et al., 2011 ; Hoeve et al., 2009 ; Kawabata et al., 2011 ; Kazdin, 2001 ).

Data Availability

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Almeida, D., Santos, G. Parenting Styles and Youth’s Externalizing and Internalizing Behaviors: Does Self-Control Matter?. Int Criminol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43576-024-00137-1

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