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  • 14 June 2023

IBM quantum computer passes calculation milestone

  • Davide Castelvecchi

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Four years ago, physicists at Google claimed their quantum computer could outperform classical machines — although only at a niche calculation with no practical applications. Now their counterparts at IBM say they have evidence that quantum computers will soon beat ordinary ones at useful tasks, such as calculating properties of materials or the interactions of elementary particles.

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Nature 618 , 656-657 (2023)

doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-023-01965-3

Kim, Y. et al. Nature 618 , 500–505 (2023).

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Daley, A. J. et al. Nature 607 , 667–676 (2022).

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Optimal timing of booster doses in a highly vaccinated population with minimal natural exposure to COVID-19

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Population-level waning of protection following immunising exposures is an important determinant of susceptibility to COVID-19 outbreaks. This work outlines an individual-based model (IBM) for the transmission and clinical impact of SARS-CoV-2 that explicitly represents the immunological response to vaccination and infection of each individual. The IBM evaluates waning of immunity to inform risk of infection and related clinical outcomes across a large freely mixing population over time by age and prior exposure status. Modelling immunological responses allows us to investigate the likely impact of immune escape variants based on the landscape in which they emerge. The model described in this paper was motivated by the need to anticipate health and societal impacts of COVID-19 in Australia following emergence of the Omicron variant, in the context of high national vaccine uptake but low infection exposure. It provides a flexible framework for modelling policy-relevant scenarios to inform preparedness and response actions as immunity in a population changes through time.

Competing Interest Statement

The authors have declared no competing interest.

Funding Statement

This work was funded by the Australian Government Department of Health and Ageing Office of Health Protection. Additional support was provided by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia through its Centres of Research Excellence (SPECTRUM, GNT1170960).

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