are medical doctors phd holders

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Who is entitled to the title of “doctor”?

Two letters, one period, so much fuss. Then again, this short combination of letters and punctuation is rather coveted. It projects expertise and draws respect. It indicates status, accomplishment, years of study. It earns patients’ trust. It makes parents proud. So perhaps it should be no surprise that more health care professionals want to see the honorific “Dr.” before their names.

But who should be allowed to call themselves a doctor? That remains a matter of debate, especially in health care. Some non-physicians say they have achieved doctoral-level degrees and deserve the title. Others wonder if this is merely careerism that will confuse, not help, patients in clinical settings.

“I’m very comfortable with doctors of audiology, doctors of nutrition, doctors of pharmacy. I often see someone say, ‘I’m Dr. so-and-so, and I’m a pharmacist.’ That’s not that unusual,” said Dr. Wanda Filer, president of the American Academy of Family Physicians. “The big issue is to make sure the patient knows who they are talking to.”

This issue recently resurfaced in Canada, after an Ontario audiologist named Brenda Berge launched a freedom of expression challenge before the Ontario Divisional Court for the right to be called a doctor. Though Ontario law allows various health care professionals without medical degrees to use the “Dr.” honorific — dentists, naturopaths and chiropractors among them — the privilege is not extended to audiologists.

Berge, who has a doctoral-level degree, had previously been using the title, until the College of Audiologists and Speech Language Pathologists of Ontario found her guilty of misconduct. The college suspended Berge for three months. She also had to take a course in professional ethics and pay the college nearly $100 000 in costs.

According to Filer, however, bringing more expertise into patient care from other medical disciplines is a good thing. And if those experts have the credentials and want to call themselves doctors, so be it. As long as there is no intent to mislead patients, and all professionals are aware of their abilities and boundaries, why wouldn’t physicians respect the wishes of colleagues who want to be called doctors?

Would allowing more health care professionals, such as audiologists, to use the title “doctor” benefit patients or only careers?

“I think we need to avoid, as professionals, demeaning each other. We need to think collectively about what is best for patients,” said Filer. “Quite frankly, as I read about the case and the credentials of that audiologist, in my mind, she’s a doctor of audiology, flat out. From the training she has had, I’d be very happy to have her see my patients.”

One of Filers’ predecessors didn’t appear to hold the same opinion. In a 2011 article in the New York Times , Dr. Roland Goertz, who was then the board chair of the American Academy of Family Physicians, said that physicians were worried about losing control over the title of “doctor” because it could lead to loss of control over the medical profession itself. “There is real concern that the use of ‘doctor’ will not be clear to patients,” he told the newspaper.

In 2009, the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Ontario provided input to the Minister of Health and Long-Term Care about the use of the title “doctor.” One of the main concerns was that the lack of consistent requirements for professionals permitted to be called “doctor” would be confusing to the public. “Within a health care setting, the public typically associates the title ‘doctor’ with those who provide medical treatment and advice,” the letter states. “Identifying non-physician doctorates by the title ‘doctor’ may lead to misconceptions from the public that such individuals, when working in a health care setting, are able to offer medical treatment and advice.”

According to Kathryn Clarke, senior communications coordinator for the college, restricted titles are an essential public-protection component in regulating health professions. They help patients identify various health care professions, distinguish the qualified from the unqualified and differentiate practitioners who are regulated from those who aren’t.

“A significant factor to be considered before a health-care professional is permitted to use the designation doctor is, at minimum, consistent and rigorous educational, training and accreditation requirements to ensure consistency amongst health professionals permitted to use this restricted title while providing health care to patients,” Clarke said in an email. “In this way patients will know that the health care professional with whom they are dealing is regulated by a college, and is therefore duly qualified and subject to disciplinary processes for incompetent, impaired or unethical practice.”

Is a PhD a Doctor? Demystifying Academic Titles

As you’ve thought about going back to school to earn a PhD degree, you might have wondered, “Is a PhD a doctor?”

It’s worth exploring the answer to this question, because a PhD is a doctor, but not in the way some might think.

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As you learn more about what it means to hold a PhD, you’ll also discover facts about what this degree entails and where it may take you in life. In the process, you can find out whether getting a PhD is the right choice for you!

Is a PhD a Doctor?

Yes, a PhD is a doctor. That’s because this degree is also called a Doctor of Philosophy. Having a PhD demonstrates that you are an expert who can contribute new research to your field.

Despite the “doctor” title, having a PhD doesn’t mean that you can practice medicine. It’s entirely different from being a medical doctor (MD). To understand what a PhD is, it helps to know what’s involved.

To earn a PhD, you’ll take a series of courses. You’ll also complete a huge research and writing project called a dissertation. This project will focus on a specific niche within your subject area. There may be comprehensive examinations involved as well.

Examples of PhD degrees include:

• PhD in Biochemistry
• PhD in Computer Science
• PhD in Chemical Engineering
• PhD in Economics
• PhD in History
• PhD in Management

In a PhD program, you’ll explore the theoretical side of your field. You might produce new research that can contribute to people’s understanding of your subject area and can help guide how practitioners carry out their work.

Generally, someone who earns a PhD doesn’t intend to be a practitioner. For example, a person getting a PhD in Management may not plan to become a business manager. Rather, that student wants to explore management theories that can improve organizational and business practices. This sets PhD degrees apart from another type of doctoral degree—the applied or professional doctorate.

People who earn professional doctorates want an expert-level education that they can apply to the work that they do in their field. For example, for a person who plans to be a business manager, a Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) could be fitting.

A person with a PhD, on the other hand, often intends to become a scientific researcher or a professor. It’s a degree focused on academia. Regardless of the distinctions between these degrees, people with PhDs, applied doctorates, and MD degrees can all be called “doctor” in most contexts.

What Is a PhD?

A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) is an advanced degree that involves expert-level research and learning. In most fields, a PhD represents the highest level of learning available, so it’s often known as a terminal degree. This type of doctoral degree is research oriented.

In addition to taking classes, students undertake a major research project that contributes new ideas or theories to their field. This project involves writing a sizable paper known as a dissertation. Getting a PhD sets many students on the path toward a career in academia as an educator or a researcher.

Do You Need a PhD to Be a Professor?

The requirements for becoming a professor can vary greatly from one college to another, but a PhD is not always necessary. It can certainly help, though, especially if you’re seeking a full-time tenured position at a major university. Many schools accept other terminal degrees, such as professional doctorates, as well.

Do professors need a PhD ? In some cases, a doctoral degree may not be essential. A master’s degree and professional experience may suffice for technical instructors, such as those in allied health fields. Also, some schools require only a master’s degree for teaching lower-level courses. Community colleges are a prime example.

What’s the Difference Between an MD vs. PhD Degree?

Although you can call someone with a PhD “doctor,” it’s not the same as being a healthcare provider. It’s essential to understand this distinction when asking, “Are PhD doctors?”

So, if you have a PhD are you a doctor? Yes, that will be your title, but it won’t qualify you to practice medicine.

What’s the Difference Between a Professional Doctorate vs. PhD?

Many fields include two options for terminal degrees: professional doctorate degrees and PhDs. Your goals can help you determine which is best for you.

When considering the differences between a PhD vs. doctorate degree, neither of these degrees is “higher” than the other in terms of education level.

Getting Your PhD Degree Online

Now that you have an answer to the question “Does a PhD make you a doctor?” you may be ready to enroll in a PhD program and earn your doctoral degree. A number of universities now offer one year online doctoral programs .

In addition to granting you the title of “doctor,” this type of degree program can also benefit your career and provide personal fulfillment. Perhaps you’ll become a researcher, a professor, or a leader in your industry. You could also have the pride and satisfaction of knowing you’ve accomplished a huge undertaking.

You can earn your PhD through online study with an accredited university. You can start exploring top schools for online PhD programs today.

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Difference Between MD and Phd

• Categorized under Career & Education , Miscellaneous | Difference Between MD and Phd

MD and Phd are both higher degrees. MD stands for Doctor of Medicine, and Phd stands for Doctor of philosophy.

The first difference that can be mentioned of the two, is that MD is associated with treating patients, and Phd is related to a doctor’s degree in other fields.

While MD pertains to a higher degree in medicine, a Phd can be obtained in various fields, like arts and the sciences. A person that has a MD degree can prescribe medicines, where as a person with a Phd cannot prescribe medicines. Phd is completely research oriented.

When discussing the origin of MD and Phd, the former was launched first. The origin of Doctor of Medicine is traced to the ninth century, when it was introduced in the medieval Arabic universities. The Doctor of Philosophy is known to have originated in the Middle Ages, in the European universities.

There is also the difference of time when studying for the degrees. While a person gets a MD after about four years, a person will only get a Phd in four to seven years. Getting a Phd also depends on the submission of the thesis paper.

Doctor of Philosophy comes from Latin philosophiæ doctor, which means ‘teacher of philosophy’. The Doctor of Medicine also comes from Latin, and means ‘teacher of medicine’.

A person gets a MD degree after two years of course work, and two years of rotational work, in some hospital or clinic. On the other hand, a person gets a Phd after he submits his thesis paper. The thesis is examined by a group of experts, and the person may also be called to defend his work.

1. MD stands for Doctor of Medicine, and Phd stands for Doctor of philosophy.

2. While MD pertains to a higher degree in medicine, a Phd can be obtained in various fields, like arts and the sciences.

3. A person with a MD degree can prescribe medicines

4. A person gets a MD degree after two years of course work, and two years of rotational work, in some hospital or clinic. On the other hand, a person gets a Phd only after his thesis paper has been approved.

5. The origin of Doctor of Medicine is traced to the ninth century, when it was introduced in the medieval Arabic universities. The Doctor of Philosophy is known to have originated in the Middle Ages, in the European universities.

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Cite APA 7 S, P. (2011, July 28). Difference Between MD and Phd. Difference Between Similar Terms and Objects. http://www.differencebetween.net/miscellaneous/difference-between-md-and-phd/. MLA 8 S, Prabhat. "Difference Between MD and Phd." Difference Between Similar Terms and Objects, 28 July, 2011, http://www.differencebetween.net/miscellaneous/difference-between-md-and-phd/.

26 Comments

Two glaring inaccuracy about PhDs: 1) completely research oriented, and 2) don’t treat patients. There are many clinical PhD (like a clinical psychologist), and the number of clinical fields in which one may obtain a clinical PhD continues to grow (nursing is an example). Also, in the USA, one frequently completes 3 years of post-college coursework toward a PhD, and then begins working on a dissertation/thesis. In many fields, the graduate of a PhD program is then expected to acquire specialized skills in a post-doctoral position, which typically lasts 3-7 years. Non-clinical, research PhDs may use the postdoctoral fellowship to acquire experience and skills in a clinical setting, and then independently engage in primary patient care after becoming certified by the appropriate “board” or governing body.

An MD is a professional doctorate like DBA, EdD, PsyD. There is normally a larger taught element and the dissertation/thesis is normally shorter and more directly applied to practice. A PhD requirement is ‘an original contribution to the body of ‘human scientific knowledge’’, Hence, although the research element is greater, more rigorous and generally more theoretical. It does not mean this knowledge cannot be applied. I blame the yanks. Credentials, credentials, credentials amid a myriad of ‘multi-guess’ testing originated there, as did professional Doctorates. (I remember when Oxford never awarded an MBA but an MPhil (Business Administration). Now the SAID Business School is a cash cow). In another field; aviation. US CPL/ATPL written exams (all multi-guess; questions and answers available to memorise) are a joke in comparison to the British/European/ANZAC ones. Yankie influence dilution of the meaning of a terminal award called Doctor. Let’s also not forget that University originated via the Church. A Doctor of the church was awarded to great and gifted theologians. Medical doctors were awarded the title, in effect, for a first degree plus professional qualification, on an honorary basis.

I thank you very much for this so good, intensified, and condensed clarification/explanation about the fundamental difference between PhD and MD. Really i have searched for a long time for this informations and i think now, that i have reached my goal! Thanks a lot and have a nice night 🙂

Awesome. Because all of this information is at best misleading and at worst downright false. Don’t EVER believe one source.

Apologies. Person commenting before you had the facts. Original poster is so off base its infuriating.

Technically, an MD is considered a technical masters degree [like a J.D. [lawyer] or Pharm.D. [pharmacist], D.P.T. [physical therapist] etc.]. The trend is to add the word “doctor” to all these technical masters degrees and we keep seeing more fields adding the word “doctor” to their programs. These technical masters are training for a specific job that usually require a license as well. They are not a doctorate. You can complete medical school and get an MD degree and still not be licensed to practice medicine. You need further clinical work and to pass licensing exams to be able to practice medicine. A Doctorate [like a Ph.D]. is indeed a research degree and the highest level of education one can have. Many research granting institutions make a distinction such that in order to be the Principle Investigator [PI]on a study receiving grant money you need a doctorate [Ph.D or equivalent]. although an M.D. can be a co-PI with a Ph.D. as can an M.D. who has completed further formal research after the master’s level M.D. The term “Doctor” for physician came more recently [started in Scotland I believe] and used to be reserved for someone with an actual doctorate.

Do one iota of research before you spread BS.

“Typically, they do 1-2 years of internship. Unlike psychiatrists, psychologists are also trained in giving psychological tests (like IQ tests or personality tests). Because of their medical training, psychiatrists can prescribe medication — probably the most commonly known distinction between the two fields.”

The article is easy to understand it might miss some marks but it puts it in perspective. The comments I’m like – what are they talking about?

Sorry to burst your bubble, but the statement “When discussing the origin of MD and Phd, the former was launched first […]” is completely inaccurate: The first doctoral degree i.e. PhD was awarded in medieval Paris around 1150. The first medical degree i.e. MD was awarded in 1703 in Glasgow. Therefore, the actual PhD degree came first, and not the MD degree. If we discuss ‘origins’ we could easily argue that medieval Arabs practiced doctoral studies that could have easily been the precursors to the PhD degree as opposed to the MD degree.

I think you are also wrong. What is at the end a MD? A degree in medicine, the qualification to certify that you can work as a physician. The Schola Medica Salernitana in Italy (from 11th until 13th century) was the first university recorded to grant a “medical degree” as you said before.

Also, I don’t know why remains that “doctor” word in both cases because in any of them, MD or Ph.D., you are able to teach. Actually, to become a professor is a long way ahead.

By the way, a physician just holding a MD can barely teach because hasn’t started his/her residency yet.

PS: I didn’t know that medicine takes only four years in some places, because in the European Union and other countries is a minimum of six years term.

I’m sorry, but your statement is false. Yes, in some countries MD is a lower qualification and it is basically the medical degree.

In most countries, PhD and MD qualifications are at the same level. After achieving basic, and at least masters level postgraduate qualifications, you can apply for a doctorate. MD is usually clinically-focused, and PhD more philosophical. Medical doctors and specialists can also do PhD rather than MD – it depends on the focus of their research.

Still, many countries differ.

In East Africa, all professors that teach medical students and supervise them as consultants at referral hospitals are almost all Ph.D. holders. It is misleading therefore for the original poster to infer that only a person with an MD can prescribe medicine.

Ph.D. is the highest degree awarded by an accredited university. It takes 5 years approximately post Masters to obtain. Most MD’s follow the research of a Ph.D. It is grossly inaccurate to put M.D. before Ph.D. The correct way to list degrees obtained would be Ph.D., M.D., M.S. Ask any Tier I Research Institution. M.D.’s hijacked the term doctor when they truly are physicians, as J.D.’s are lawyers and cannot call themselves doctor.

I absolutely agree with you. Its comnon knowledge that physicians acquire the title of Doctor before they even get a Msc in thier field. On the other hand,one needs to get a masters and then do some serious research work before acquiring the title.

In general, an MD applies existing knowledge. A PhD creates NEW knowledge. The PhD is the highest academic degree that can be earned. The term “doctor” as it pertains to medical personnel has been corrupted. Its original meaning was someone who has risen to a sufficient level that he can teach others and is derived from “docere” to teach. Most doctors graduate with Batchelors degrees. Typically MBBS which stands for Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery, or in Latin: Medicinae Baccalaureus Baccalaureus Chirurgiae. To be strictly correct, medical doctors should really adopt the title “physician” to avoid confusion.

I invented illness diseases cause and treatment.(1)piles (2) gripe heat motion place patient desire dead sudden wants no extra life, breast cancer,head ache half,full gead ache birth 10/15,days continously head ache i invented only one or two times dose head ache dead always.aids,asthma,one invetion product stomach if consumed sux to seven numbers illness of stomach ache curable (i) long instestine no needs of surgery (ii)small intestine(iii)gall bladder(iv) kidney , prostate gland breast cancer, etc

please, I want you guys to help me with this. The degree of a person who did medicine in 6 years.

In most universities in North America, and M.D. is an undergraduate degree, whereas a Ph.D. is a graduate degree.

MD is never considered an undergraduate degree.Undergraduate degrees are baccalaureate and that is the least prerequisite for MD.You could say then that MD is a graduate program.to bolster this residency is called postgraduate program all over North America

Hello everyone

I hold my M.D degree, gained it after the Master degree in orthopedic, and always noticed that books authors in orthopedic writing their degrees as ( M.D, Ph.D ) !! Is that right??

Can I make the same or not??

What is the difference in abbreviation: DR (capital “R”) and Dr (small “r”)

If anybody is rating any academic qualifications, it should be based on the academic course credits of such a degree. Medical schools in the US are after a bachelor’s degree & last another 3 or 4 years. PhDs are bachelor’s degree & another 3 or 4 years. In the UK, medical schools are 6 years after secondary education & PhDs 3 years after a 4 year bachelor’s degree & the durations of the medical school terms & learning times are much longer than any of those others. The MDs are after some residency further training & the researches are more broad-based, with clinical outcome or health service output advancements as outcomes. So, it should be easy to evaluate those trainings. In the final analysis, I believe that we will all do well to respect each other after these facts are laid bare for all “to use their tongues to count their teeth!

MD is a lower degree than PhD. Don’t get it wrong. MD is equivalent to Masters level e.g MPhil in academia. I have recently gone through MD admission which is how I found out. It’s never at same level with PhD.

And MD is not fully qualified to teach because even in PhD you must take teaching training alongside to be able to qualify to lecture afterwards.

The confusion occurred because some countries decided that medical doctors (which is a quack title to start with) should be written after any qualified medical practitioner’s name to identify themselves.

MD in most of the world means ‘Medical Doctorate’, and not ‘Medical Doctor’. A Medical Doctorate is a doctorate just like PhD but is more clinically focussed. Thus, even a medical practitioner can continue their studies and choose to do a doctorate in philosophy or medicine, depending on their research field.

I know a fellow who obtained his doctor of veterinary science He was called a Vet at that time He then went on to complete a PhD in veterinary science after five years of additional study in a specific research area

Bachelor degree = BS = bull sh** Masters degree = MS = more sh** PhD = pike it higher and deeper

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Written by : Prabhat S. and updated on 2011, July 28 Articles on DifferenceBetween.net are general information, and are not intended to substitute for professional advice. The information is "AS IS", "WITH ALL FAULTS". User assumes all risk of use, damage, or injury. You agree that we have no liability for any damages.

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Integration & Physician Issues

Should phds refer to themselves as 'doctors'.

While traditional MDs or DOs are typically referred to as "doctors," should scientists with PhDs refer to themselves in the same fashion?

Biologist Adam Ruben, PhD, told WHYY Radio he once decided to refer to himself as "doctor" after a flight mishap to hold the airline accountable and receive a refund. He said the incident got him thinking about when or if individuals with PhDs should refer to themselves as "doctors."

Dr. Ruben said he informally polled his colleagues and friends on social media to hear their thoughts on the issue.

"A surprising number of people all had the same concern about using the term doctor: if they were going to be on an airplane when somebody needs a doctor," Dr. Ruben said.

Epidemiologist Beth Linas, PhD, said scientists with doctorate degrees should be able to call themselves "doctor" if they choose to, as the moniker adds another layer of authority, especially for women and others who are underrepresented in their fields.

"[If] someone comes up [to me] on the street and says hello to me, they can address me as Beth, but if I'm being called upon for my background in infectious disease, epidemiology or digital health, which is the other area that I study, I think I should be recognized as Dr. Beth Linas," she told WHYY .

"There are a lot of women, and particularly women of color that really struggle to make their way in science and stay in science, and we face a lot of obstacles, and I think it's important for women also to be recognized," she added.

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The Difference Between a Doctoral Degree and a Ph.D.

What Does a PhD Degree Stand For?

Many people do not understand what "Ph.D." means. Many know that it is an academic degree of some sort, but even among students still in school, the difference between a doctoral degree and a Ph.D. can still be confusing. The answer to the question "Is there a difference between a doctorate and a Ph.D.?" is yes and no.

What Is a Doctorate Degree?

A doctorate degree is the highest degree attainable in an academic field of study. A doctorate degree indicates that an individual has studied as much as possible in the area of his chosen field. It also indicates that the holder has found ways through his dissertation and course of study to add something new to the discipline and has provided a valuable new piece of scholarship to the field.

Generally, a doctorate degree is attained after several years of study in the chosen field. This does not need to be continuous study. Often, students enter their doctorate program years after they have spent time working in their chosen field. Other times, after pursuing a master's degree, a student will decide that she would like to become a professor. A doctorate is often pursued as a means of attaining that goal.

A doctorate degree is the most advanced degree an individual can achieve across disciplines. People who have received a doctorate degree in order to practice their profession include medical doctors, dentists, psychiatrists, psychologists and public school principals. However, the designation is different in various professions, which means a doctorate is not necessarily the same thing as a Ph.D.

Doctorate Degree vs. Ph.D.

The difference between a doctorate degree and a Ph.D. can sometimes be confusing, even to people who are in the field of academia themselves. A doctorate is a catch-all term, standing for the highest-attainable degree in a given discipline. The Ph.D., however, stands for "Doctor of Philosophy" and is a kind of doctorate degree, but not all doctorate degrees are Ph.D.s.

Despite the language in the title, a Ph.D. does not only refer to someone who has attained a very advanced degree in the field of philosophy. On the contrary, "Doctor of Philosophy" simply means that the person has achieved the highest-possible degree in his course of study in the humanities. A Ph.D. in divinity, a Ph.D. in philosophy and a Ph.D. in literature all fall under the umbrella of Doctor of Philosophy degrees.

Are There Doctorates Besides the Ph.D.?

The Ph.D. is the most advanced degree in a field of study, but particular fields of study have their own titles for advanced degrees. These are, generally speaking, degrees that are less directed at research and philosophy of the discipline and are earned mostly toward a professional end.

These doctorates are still formidable and still indicate a tremendous amount of study and work on the part of the degree holder. The difference is that the goal is applying the study to a particular profession rather than conducting research with the end goal of scholarship.

What Doctorates Are There Besides a Ph.D.?

There are other varieties of doctorate degrees. One of the most familiar is the M.D. This is the medical doctorate degree. It means that the individual has attained the highest level of education in the field of medicine.

A Psy.D. is a degree indicating that the individual has earned the highest level of scholarship in the study of clinical psychology. A D.D.S is a doctorate degree in the field of dentistry, as is a D.M.D.

There are numerous other doctorate degrees that are not Ph.D.s. Likewise, the difference between an LLD and a Ph.D. is that the LLD is a doctorate-level degree in the study of law. A D.Tech degree is a doctorate degree in the field of technology.

What Is a Doctoral Student?

A doctoral student can be defined as anybody currently pursuing a doctorate degree in any field of study. This generally means that the person is pursuing a Ph.D. or another similar degree and that they are enrolled in a Ph.D. or doctoral program.

In the case of medical students, it usually means that the student is currently enrolled in medical school or is completing her residency. Anyone who is currently in a program that will result in holding a Ph.D. or another kind of doctorate degree can be said to be a doctoral student.

What Is the Structure of a Doctoral Program?

Doctoral studies are different from study for a master's degree or bachelor's degree. During a period of undergraduate study, the student generally spends his time in seminars and lectures, reading and researching and often writing papers or completing projects pertaining to his coursework. At the master's level, the curriculum is much the same, although the coursework may be replaced with fieldwork in certain cases, and there is a greater emphasis on students conducting their own research. There may be more in the way of papers, presentations and projects versus the tests and lectures that characterize undergraduate work.

However, when students are pursuing a Ph.D. or a doctoral degree of any sort, they are practicing scholarship. This means that they don't attend as many lectures or seminars on their subject but instead spend most of their time researching their own independent projects, teaching undergraduate courses and generally helping to further their field of scholarship.

The culmination of a Ph.D. program is the defense of a student's dissertation, which is the extensive study project on which he has spent his program working. This project must be defensible to a committee of professors who are expecting that the student has contributed something valuable and new to the field of scholarship.

Does Having a Doctorate Mean You're a Doctor?

It's a common misconception that having a doctorate means you are a doctor. In some contexts this is true, but in others, it can be confusing. Colloquially, in the United States, the word "doctor" is typically understood to mean a physician. A physician is a medical doctor who has earned her M.D., or doctorate of medicine. This is the highest and most advanced degree attainable in the medical field.

However, anyone who receives a Ph.D. or doctoral degree can be considered to be a doctor of her particular field. Someone who has earned a Ph.D. in education is a doctor of education. Someone who has earned a Ph.D. in history is a doctor of history, and so on. In other words, the only doctorate degree that refers to a medical doctor is the M.D. Dentists are also considered doctors because they've achieved the highest degree in their particular field – D.D.S. or D.M.D. – but they are not considered medical doctors.

It is a good idea to check with someone who has a Ph.D. to see how she likes to be addressed. Many people don't require that they are addressed as "Dr." and prefer to use the salutation "Mr." or "Mrs." because calling people "Dr." often gives the impression that they're a medical doctor, which can be confusing. However, some people do ask that the amount of time and study they have given to their discipline be recognized by the use of the salutation "Dr.," so it is always wise to check individual preference to avoid offense.

Is a Doctorate Higher Than a Master's?

A doctorate degree is the highest degree that one can attain in any discipline and is therefore higher than a master's degree. A master's degree is usually the degree that students get after completing a bachelor's and deciding that they would like to pursue further study in a particular area. A master's degree generally involves more advanced coursework than a bachelor's degree, and unlike a more general B.A. or B.S., it is devoted exclusively to study in one particular discipline.

Despite the fact that a doctorate degree is considered higher than a master's degree, a master's degree is still considered a significant accomplishment. A master's degree holder is considered to be a specialist in his field and in many cases may teach at the college level without having pursued a Ph.D., although a tenure-track position without a doctorate is harder to obtain.

There are many jobs where a master's in the discipline is required for eligibility. Master's degree candidates must also put in many hours of research in order to earn their degree and in many cases may choose to publish their writing in academic journals or other publications.

Can You Get a Ph.D. Without a Master's Degree?

There are some cases in which a student may advance to a Ph.D. program without having gone through a master's program. These programs are often longer than a typical Ph.D. program and incorporate some amount of the coursework that a student would expect to undertake during a master's program.

Therefore, it is not always required to earn a master's before going on to pursue a doctorate or Ph.D., but that is the most typical path to earning an advanced degree. Most schools require that previous study.

What Is the Difference Between a D.Tech and a Ph.D.?

The D.Tech degree is a degree with which many Americans are unfamiliar. The D.Tech degree is the name given to the most advanced degree that one can pursue in the field of technology. The D.Tech has various names depending on the country in which it is awarded.

In some countries, the D.Tech is given the same sort of weight as a doctorate degree. In other countries, it is considered far less significant. In South Africa, for example, the D.Tech is given the same weight as other research doctorates, but in countries like the United States, it is considered to be closer to a professional certification.

In the United States, the National Science Foundation initially recognized the D.Tech as equivalent to a Doctor of Philosophy degree. However, in 2008, the D.Tech was re-evaluated and found to be closer to a degree reflecting a professional pursuit. It was decided that the D.Tech did not meet the criteria for a research doctorate, and it is instead considered in a professional category rather than a research category.

What Is a Research Doctorate?

The distinctions in degrees and their weights are important, particularly given the fact that different countries consider these degrees with varying levels of importance. In the United States, the emphasis placed on a research doctorate is significant. This is because it indicates that the degree holder doesn't only have a professional understanding of the discipline but has conducted significant research and has done the kind of writing and teaching that furthers the scholarship of the discipline.

This is particularly important to distinguish Ph.D. holders who have written dissertations or conducted projects that have significantly advanced the scholarship in their field. By moving the D.Tech to a designation outside of research doctorates, the National Science Foundation intended to truly honor those scholars who have made such valuable contributions to their subjects.

Related Articles

How Long Does a Degree in Philosophy Take?

How Many Years of College to Get a Doctorate Degree?

The Difference Between a PhD & DLitt

What Are the Different Levels of College Degrees?

How to Correctly Use the Titles Dr. & PhD With a Name

Different Types of Doctoral Degrees

Doctorate Degrees That Don't Require a Dissertation

Difference Between Doctor of Arts & Doctor of Philosophy

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Ashley Friedman is a freelance writer with experience writing about education for a variety of organizations and educational institutions as well as online media sites. She has written for Pearson Education, The University of Miami, The New York City Teaching Fellows, New Visions for Public Schools, and a number of independent secondary schools. She lives in Los Angeles.

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Is a Ph.D Still Useful to Society?

One of my favorite movie lines comes from 10 Things I Hate About You . The father, Walter Stratford, is giving advice to his oldest daughter, Kat:

"You're 18, you don't know what you want. And you won't know what you want 'til you're 45, and even if you get it, you'll be too old to use it."

There is much wisdom in these words.

We ask students -- kids, really -- to make gigantic, life-altering decisions at the age of 18. Deciding which college to attend is important enough, but an even bigger decision is picking which field to major in. Kids who follow their head and major in business, engineering, or science are, more often than not, putting themselves on a track to success; kids who follow their heart and major in art history or music may be putting themselves on a track to pouring lattes at Starbucks for the next 10 years.

The reality is that we are asking young people to make decisions that will forever alter their life trajectories at an age that, as Walter Stratford would say, they don't really know what they want. Moreover, college students don't fully appreciate the consequences of their decisions 1 .

Something similar faces college graduates who are contemplating graduate school. At the tender age of 22 (or thereabouts), many smart students who don't feel quite ready to enter the workforce feel the pressure to do more -- get a master's degree or PhD. Many, like me, decide to go all in and spend the next six years (give or take a couple years) earning a doctorate.

Much of the time, that decision was based on very bad advice.

Should I Go to Graduate School?

Early in my undergraduate career, I decided that I was going to go to graduate school. Amazingly, I never put much thought into it. At 22, I didn't feel like I wanted to start a proper job. And many of my professors -- who were earnestly trying to offer me good advice -- told me I should go to grad school. Besides, I was told, not just by professors but by almost everybody, that once I got a PhD, I could do pretty much whatever I wanted to do. So I went.

Grad school was stressful but fine for the first three or four years. But, then things started to unravel. At the age of 26, I got married. My wife had a real job, and I wanted one, too. However, I was facing two more years of school. I could have dropped out and received a master's degree, but that felt like a terrible waste. So, I stuck it out for two more years and graduated with a PhD in 2010.

Just prior to graduation, reality hit me. I realized that I loved science, but that I didn't want to work in a laboratory. Unfortunately, I just spent the last six years preparing for a career in the laboratory. The advice that I could "do whatever I want with a PhD" was completely false. There just aren't many jobs for people with science PhDs who don't want to do research.

I started applying for jobs -- pretty much any job that interested me -- and my career path then took a very unconventional turn: I became a science writer. I really enjoyed writing, and I ended up being hired by RealClearPolitics to become the founding editor of RealClearScience. It was a good job, but not one that required a PhD. It was then that I started wondering if I had wasted six years of my life earning a degree that I didn't really need 2 .

A PhD Doesn't Prepare You for the Workforce

About five years into my six-year PhD training, I learned that I didn't want to do research. But graduate school doesn't prepare students for a world outside academia. All of the training is geared toward turning students into little clones of their professors.

The trouble with this is that there aren't enough jobs in academia. So even if I had wanted to stay in academia, my job prospects would have been terrible. One analysis in The Atlantic showed that only 19% of PhD's land an academic job upon graduation. Of those who do stay in academia, horror stories abound of an endless succession of " post-docs ." Essentially, PhD's become trapped in non-tenure track positions with low pay and little hope for becoming, as my mentor jokingly referred to himself, a "big-time professor at a major university."

Schools are well aware of this problem, but they are doing almost nothing to fix it. We're still admitting and graduating way too many PhD's. We keep luring students with the false hope that a PhD is a ticket to anywhere. And once they arrive, there is little if any training aimed at preparing students for a career outside academia.

Is a PhD Still Useful to Society?

Even after saying all that, I still believe that PhD's are useful to society. But there is a gigantic caveat: A PhD is only useful to a person who is 100% certain that a life at the research bench is what they want to do. If you aren't 100% certain that's what you want, then a PhD is probably not for you.

To me, it seems that the most important skill or character trait that a person can possess today is flexibility. Robots are taking over people's jobs. One day, robots might even take over my job as a science writer. (Yes, AI already can write very basic articles, like brief reports on the stock market.) Thus, being flexible -- i.e., being able to learn new skills in order to adapt to a rapidly changing workforce -- may be the most important characteristic a person can have.

A PhD, however, does not teach flexibility. In fact, it encourages the exact opposite. Earning a PhD requires a student to learn more and more about less and less. (That might seem paradoxical to those of you without PhD's, but every PhD will understand that perfectly.) For most people, this is not the sort of training that will lend itself to success in the 21st Century.

(1) It is for these reasons that I personally encourage high school graduates to take a year off before going to college. Get a job and think about what you want to do. Then go to college.

(2) As it turns out, I landed here at ACSH, where a PhD or MD is required. However, ACSH is the exception to the rule. Most science writers don't have PhD's, and most news outlets do not require science writers to have any scientific training at all. (It's not a coincidence, therefore, that most science journalism sucks.)

View the discussion thread.

By Alex Berezow, PhD

Former Vice President of Scientific Communications

Dr. Alex Berezow is a PhD microbiologist, science writer, and public speaker who specializes in the debunking of junk science for the American Council on Science and Health. He is also a member of the USA Today Board of Contributors and a featured speaker for The Insight Bureau . Formerly, he was the founding editor of RealClearScience.

Latest from Alex Berezow, PhD :

• 2023 FACTS: Applicants and Matriculants Data

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By Institution

By gender and race/ethnicity, md-phd and other dual degrees, summary data, additional resources.

Graduation Rates and Attrition Rates of U.S. Medical Students (PDF) This AAMC Data Snapshot provides information on the graduation and attrition rates of U.S. Medical Students.

• Medical Education

MD-PhD Degree Programs by State

New section.

Combined MD-PhD degree programs provide students the opportunity to earn both the MD and the PhD in areas pertinent to medicine.

Combined MD-PhD degree programs provide students the opportunity to earn both the MD and the PhD in areas pertinent to medicine. Below is a list of schools offering a combined MD-PhD degree, with links to their web sites. Please contact the institutions directly for curriculum information and admission requirements. School administrators may contact [email protected]  with any omissions or corrections to this listing.

University of Alabama School of Medicine Birmingham, Ala.

University of South Alabama College of Medicine   Mobile, Ala.

University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson, Ariz.

University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix Phoenix, Ariz.

University of Arkansas College of Medicine Little Rock, Ark.

Loma Linda University School of Medicine   Loma Linda, Calif.

Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, Calif.

University of California, Davis School of Medicine   Davis, Calif.

University of California, Irvine School of Medicine   Irvine, Calif.

University of California, Los Angeles School of Medicine   Los Angeles, Calif.

University of California, San Diego School of Medicine   La Jolla, Calif.

University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine   San Francisco, Calif.

Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California   Los Angeles, Calif.

University of Colorado Health Sciences Center   Denver, Colo.

Connecticut

University of Connecticut School of Medicine   Farmington, Conn.

Yale University School of Medicine   New Haven, Conn.

District of Columbia

Georgetown University School of Medicine   Washington, D.C.

Howard University College of Medicine   Washington, D.C.

University of Florida College of Medicine   Gainesville, Fla.

University of Miami Miller School of Medicine   Miami, Fla.

University of South Florida College of Medicine   Tampa, Fla.

Emory University School of Medicine   Atlanta, Ga.

Medical College of Georgia   Augusta, Ga.

Morehouse School of Medicine   Atlanta, Ga.

Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University Augusta, Ga.

Loyola University of Chicago - Stritch School of Medicine   Maywood, Ill.

Northwestern University Medical School   Chicago, Ill.

Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science - Chicago Medical School   North Chicago, Ill.

University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine (MTSP)  Chicago, Ill.

University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine (MD/PhD) Chicago, Ill.

University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine   Chicago, Ill.

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign College of Medicine   Urbana, Ill.

Indiana University School of Medicine   Indianapolis, Ind.

University of Iowa College of Medicine   Iowa City, Iowa

University of Kansas School of Medicine   Kansas City, Kan.

University of Kentucky College of Medicine   Lexington, Ky.

University of Louisville School of Medicine   Louisville, Ky.

Louisiana State University, New Orleans School of Medicine   New Orleans, La.

Louisiana State University, Shreveport School of Medicine   Shreveport, La.

Tulane University School of Medicine   New Orleans, La.

Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine   Baltimore, Md.

National Institutes of Health Intramural MD-PhD Partnership   Bethesda, Md.

Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences   Bethesda, Md.

University of Maryland at Baltimore School of Medicine   Baltimore, Md.

Massachusetts

Boston University School of Medicine   Boston, Mass.

Harvard Medical School   Boston, Mass.

Tufts University School of Medicine   Boston, Mass.

University of Massachusetts Medical School   Worcester, Mass.

Michigan State University College of Human Medicine   East Lansing, Mich.

University of Michigan Medical School   Ann Arbor, Mich.

Wayne State University School of Medicine   Detroit, Mich.

Mayo Medical School  Rochester, Minn.

University of Minnesota Medical School   Minneapolis, Minn.

Mississippi

University of Mississippi School of Medicine   Jackson, Miss.

Saint Louis University School of Medicine   St. Louis, Mo.

University of Missouri - Columbia School of Medicine   Columbia, Mo.

University of Missouri - Kansas City School of Medicine   Kansas City, Mo.

Washington University School of Medicine   St. Louis, Mo.

Creighton University School of Medicine   Omaha, Neb.

University of Nebraska College of Medicine   Omaha, Neb.

University of Nevada School of Medicine   Reno, Nev.

New Hampshire

Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth   Hanover, N.H.

Rutgers - New Jersey Medical School   Newark, N.J.

Rutgers - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School   Piscataway, N.J.

University of New Mexico School of Medicine   Albuquerque, N.M.

Albany Medical College   Albany, N.Y.

Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University   Bronx, N.Y.

Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons   New York, N.Y.

Hofstra North Shore - LIJ School of Medicine Hempstead, N.Y.

Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan-Kettering Tri-Institutional MD/PhD Program   New York, N.Y.

Mount Sinai School of Medicine   New York, N.Y.

New York Medical College   Valhalla, N.Y.

New York University School of Medicine   New York, N.Y.

SUNY at Buffalo School of Medicine   Buffalo, N.Y.

SUNY at Stony Brook Health Sciences Center   Stony Brook, N.Y.

SUNY Downstate Medical Center College of Medicine   Brooklyn, N.Y.

SUNY Upstate Medical University   Syracuse, N.Y.

University of Rochester School of Medicine   Rochester, N.Y.

North Carolina

Wake Forest School of Medicine   Winston-Salem, N.C.

Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University   Greenville, N.C.

Duke University School of Medicine   Durham, N.C.

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine   Chapel Hill, N.C.

North Dakota

University of North Dakota School of Medicine   Grand Forks, N.D.

Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine   Cleveland, Ohio

Northeastern Ohio College of Medicine   Rootstown, Ohio

Ohio State University College of Medicine   Columbus, Ohio

University of Cincinnati College of Medicine   Cincinnati, Ohio

University of Toledo College of Medicine   Toledo, Ohio

Wright State University School of Medicine   Dayton, Ohio

University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center   Oklahoma City, Okla.

Oregon Health Sciences University School of Medicine   Portland, Ore.

Pennsylvania

Drexel University College of Medicine   Philadelphia, Pa.

Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University   Philadelphia, Pa.

Penn State University College of Medicine   Hershey, Pa.

University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine   Philadelphia, Pa.

University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine   Pittsburgh, Pa.

Temple University School of Medicine   Philadelphia, Pa.

Rhode Island

Brown University School of Medicine   Providence, R.I.

South Carolina

Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston, S.C.

University of South Carolina School of Medicine   Columbia, S.C.

South Dakota

University of South Dakota School of Medicine   Vermillion, S.D.

East Tennessee State University James H. Quillen College of Medicine   Johnson City, Tenn.

Meharry Medical College School of Medicine   Nashville, Tenn.

University of Tennessee, Memphis College of Medicine   Memphis, Tenn.

Vanderbilt University School of Medicine   Nashville, Tenn.

Baylor College of Medicine   Houston, Texas

McGovern Medical School at UTHealth/MD Anderson Cancer Center/University of Puerto Rico Tri-Institutional Program   Houston, Texas

Texas A&M University Health Sciences Center College of Medicine College   Station, Texas

Texas Tech University School of Medicine   Lubbock, Texas

University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston   Galveston, Texas

University of Texas Health San Antonio, Long School of Medicine   San Antonio, Texas

University of Texas, Southwestern Med Center - Dallas   Dallas, Texas

University of Utah School of Medicine   Salt Lake City, Utah

University of Vermont College of Medicine   Burlington, Vt.

Eastern Virginia Medical School   Norfolk, Va.

Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine   Richmond, Va.

University of Virginia School of Medicine   Charlottesville, Va.

University of Washington School of Medicine   Seattle, Wash.

West Virginia

Marshall University School of Medicine   Huntington, W.Va.

West Virginia University School of Medicine   Morgantown, W.Va.

Medical College of Wisconsin   Milwaukee, Wisc.

University of Wisconsin Medical School   Madison, Wisc.

McGill University Faculty of Medicine   Montreal, Quebec

McMaster University of Faculty of Health Sciences   Hamilton, Ontario

Memorial University of Newfoundland Faculty of Medicine   St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador

Universite de Montreal Faculte de Medecine   Montreal, Quebec

Universite de Sherbrooke Faculte de Medecine   Sherbrooke, Quebec

Universite Laval Faculte de Medecine   Quebec, Quebec

University of Alberta Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry   Edmonton, Alberta

University of Calgary Faculty of Medicine   Calgary, Alberta

University of British Columbia Faculty of Medicine   Vancouver, British Columbia

University of Manitoba Faculty of Medicine   Winnipeg, Manitoba

University of Saskatchewan College of Medicine   Saskatoon, Saskatchewan

University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine   Toronto, Ontario

University of Western Ontario   London, Ontario

Related Programs

NIH MD-PhD Partnership Program

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Information on how to become a research physician, also known as a physician-investigator or a physician-scientist.

A Personal Plea to Premeds

Trisha Kaundinya | January 13, 2021

When I was in college, I was in a premed “bubble” a lot of the time. I took many of my courses and labs alongside hundreds of other aspiring physicians. I would see the same people throughout my academic day, and sometimes even outside of the lecture hall. Because of this, I unintentionally overheard conversations […]

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National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics

• All previous cycle years

The SED is an annual census of research doctorate recipients from U.S. academic institutions that collects information on educational history, demographic characteristics, graduate funding source and educational debts, and postgraduation plans.

Survey Info

• tag for use when URL is provided --> Methodology
• tag for use when URL is provided --> Data
• tag for use when URL is provided --> Analysis

The Survey of Earned Doctorates is an annual census conducted since 1957 of all individuals receiving a research doctorate from an accredited U.S. institution in a given academic year. The SED is sponsored by the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES) within the National Science Foundation (NSF) and by three other federal agencies: the National Institutes of Health, Department of Education, and National Endowment for the Humanities. The SED collects information on the doctoral recipient’s educational history, demographic characteristics, and postgraduation plans. Results are used to assess characteristics of the doctoral population and trends in doctoral education and degrees.

Areas of Interest

• STEM Education
• Innovation and Global Competitiveness

Survey Administration

The 2022 survey was conducted by RTI International under contract to NCSES.

Survey Details

Featured survey analysis.

Doctorate Recipients from U.S. Universities: 2022

SED Overview

Data highlights, the number of research doctorates conferred by u.s. institutions, which began a sharp 15-month decline in spring 2020 due to the covid-19 pandemic, rebounded in 2022 with the highest number of research doctorates awarded in any academic year to date.

Over the past 20 years, most of the growth in the number of doctorates earned by both men and women has been in science and engineering (S&E) fields 

Methodology

Survey description, technical notes, technical tables, questionnaires, view archived questionnaires, featured analysis.

Research Doctorate Conferrals Rebound, Leading to Record Number of U.S. Doctorate Recipients in 2022

Related content, related collections, survey contact.

For additional information about this survey or the methodology, contact

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Ph.D vs MBBS - Which is Better?

Mar 4, 2024

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Confused about which one to choose between PhD or MBBS? Get more information regarding eligibility, syllabus, scope, jobs, salary along with a comparative study of PhD vs MBBS.

Students are often confused between PhD vs MBBS as both degrees help candidates earn a tag of a doctor. Though both of these courses seem to be the same, they have huge differences in the field and curriculum.

A PhD is a doctorate that states higher-level specialization, whereas MBBS is a medical degree that states people's treatment. One should look after the course they can pursue as per the eligibility criteria as one is an undergraduate course while the other is a doctorate level course. 

To have a clear picture, let's look at the difference between the courses PhD vs MBBS. 

Table of Contents

• Eligibility Criteria
• Employment Opportunities
• Average Salary
• Top Colleges of India
• Which One to Choose?

Ph.D. vs MBBS - Highlights

Although both MBBS and PhD holders are referred to as doctors, the implications of these terms differ significantly. A bachelor's degree in medicine and surgery (MBBS) is for those who desire to pursue their ambition of becoming a doctor. A professional degree in medical science is the Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS). A doctorate, on the other hand, is a high-level degree that is associated with PhD holders. PhD holders are topic specialists who have specialized in a specific field. They may have an extensive understanding of the subject at hand.

PhD vs MBBS – Overview

Ph.D. refers to Doctor of Philosophy, a Doctoral degree, whereas MBBS stands for Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery, a graduate degree.

Ph.D. is a doctoral program that lasts at least two to five years, with some universities requiring students to finish the program in five years, including the thesis or research paper. The PhD in any stream of study allows you to understand the particular stream and the specialization study. PhD courses mainly focus on developing research thesis proposals and understanding concepts further. PhD is the highest degree, and graduates will have plenty of scopes with higher pay scales in their field of specialization.

Read more on Ph.D

MBBS stands for Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery. It is a bachelor's degree program in the field of medicine. The MBBS program lasts 5.5 years. This course is divided into nine semesters and is taught in a semester-by-semester format. For four and a half years, the MBBS curriculum includes practical and theoretical study, followed by a one-year mandatory internship in several disciplines of medicine and surgery.

Read more on MBBS

Ph.D. vs MBBS - Eligibility Criteria 

Both the courses are way different from each other as one is an undergraduate and the other is a doctorate-level course. Eligibility criteria for both the courses differ from each other.

Eligibility Criteria for PhD is:

• Candidates must have completed a master's degree in a specialized field with an average of more than 55 percent.
• To get admitted to this program, the candidate must pass rounds of admission exams (GATE, GPAT, etc.) and a round of personal interviews and group discussions.

Eligibility Criteria for MBBS is:

• In their 10+2 grade, the candidate must have received more than 50% in physics, chemistry, and biology combined.
• Candidates have to clear the NEET (National Eligibility Cum Entrance Test), one of the most sought-after national level examinations offered by the CBSE board, to be eligible for the MBBS.

Ph.D. vs MBBS - Syllabus 

The syllabus for both the courses is very different as Ph.D. focuses on specialization in a particular field which includes research, whereas MBBS is a bachelor's degree of medicine that includes the study of science in specific.

The syllabus for PhD, in general, are as follow:

• Introduction to Research Methodology
• Data collecting and Sampling
• Research Report Writing
• Data Analysis
• Literature Review
• Thesis Development

Read more on Ph.D Syllabus and Subjects

The syllabus for MBBS is as follow:

• Human Anatomy
• Biochemistry
• Orthopedics
• Radiotherapy
• General Medicine
• Obstetrics and Gynaecology
• General Surgery

Read more on MBBS Syllabus and Subjects

Ph.D. vs MBBS - Employment Opportunities 

The degrees of PhD and MBBS are well-known and have good job prospects for graduates and postgraduates. Because these two degrees are so dissimilar, their careers are also dissimilar.

Employment Opportunities for PhD are listed below:

• Research Scientist
• Finance Director
• Data Analyst
• Senior Project Lead
• Research and Development Head
• Technological Consultant
• Associate Scholar
• Head of the Department

Read more on Ph.D Jobs

Employment Opportunities for MBBS are:

• Physiologist
• Neurologist
• Cardiologist
• General Doctor
• General Surgeon

Read more on MBBS Jobs

Ph.D. vs MBBS - Average Salary 

Graduates with a good theoretical understanding and practical application will have a broad variety of alternatives after completing both courses, as the potential for expanding demands of PhD in companies and MBBS in hospitals with a good theoretical grasp and practical application is substantial. The average wage is influenced by job organization and educational skills.

The average salary of Ph.D. graduates are:

Read more on Ph.D Salary

The average salary of MBBS graduates are:

Read more on MBBS Salary

Ph.D. vs MBBS - Top Colleges of India 

Candidates should aspire to India's premier colleges. To begin the course, one needs first to become familiar with the best colleges in the world. Students can achieve significantly more at top universities for a certain degree than they might at other universities.

Top Colleges of India for PhD are:

• Banaras Hindu University
• Panjab University
• Savitribai Phule Pune University
• Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology

Top Colleges of India for MBBS are:

• AIIMS New Delhi
• Christian Medical College
• Madras Medical College
• Kasturba Medical College
• Maulana Azad Medical College

Ph.D. or MBBS - Which One to Choose?

Both the courses are beneficial in terms of education and skills as per the requirements of an individual. Ph.D. focuses on specializations, whereas MBBS focuses on bachelors in science and medicine. The candidate has to choose the course based on the area of interest.

Broader Career Scopes: Candidates who want to pursue medicine can pursue the MBBS course just after 12th, whereas those who want to pursue a specialization in any stream of study can choose a Ph.D. once they complete post-graduation. MBBS has good career scopes as graduates can pick any field of specialization and master in a particular domain, whereas Ph.D. also provides numerous streams which they can opt for and complete their doctorate studies.

Exponential Growth:  Both MBBS and Ph.D. are highly reputed coursework in India and graduates enjoy plenty of perks when it comes to the job market. Both sets of graduates are entitled to receive high paygrades ranging from INR 8 - 12 LPA, depending upon the sector they work and the job role they're assigned.

Both courses have advantages that students may bring to their employers after graduation and develop distinct talents. As a result, students must carefully examine both courses and select the one that best suits their interests.

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• Doctoral degrees earned in the United States 2020/21, by field of research

Number of doctoral degrees earned in the United States in 2020/21, by field of research

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Includes Ph.D., E.D., and comparable degrees at the doctoral level, as well as such degrees as M.D., D.D.S., and law degrees that were formerly classified as first-professional degrees.

Other statistics on the topic Higher education graduation in the U.S.

• Doctoral degrees earned in the United States 1950-2032, by gender
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• Number of Bachelor's degree recipients U.S. 1869/70-2031/32
• Number of Master's degree recipients U.S. 1880-2032
• Number of doctoral and first professional degree recipients U.S. 1870-2032
• Number of degrees awarded by community colleges U.S. 2021, by type
• Associate's degrees earned in the United States 1970-2032, by gender
• Associate's degrees earned in the United States 2020/21, by ethnicity
• Bachelor's degrees earned in the United States by ethnic group 2020/21
• Bachelor's degrees earned in the United States 2020/21, by field of research
• Number of Bachelor's degrees awarded U.S. 2020-2021, by gender and subject
• Share of U.S. population who had completed a bachelor's degree 2021, by state
• Master's degrees earned in the United States 2020/21, by ethnicity
• Master's degrees earned in the United States 2020/21, by field of research
• Share of U.S. population who had completed an advanced degree 2021, by state
• Median years to complete a doctorate U.S. 1995-2021
• Primary sources of financial support for U.S. doctorate recipients 2021
• Share of U.S. graduates with debt 2003-2019
• Average debt of university graduates in the U.S. 2008-2022
• Average student debt for a 4-year bachelor's degree, by institution type U.S. 2020/21
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• U.S. - average salary for Bachelor's degree holders 2023, by discipline
• Highest paying bachelor's degrees in the U.S. 2021/22, by mid-career pay
• U.S. - average salary for master's graduates 2023, by discipline

Other statistics that may interest you Higher education graduation in the U.S.

• Basic Statistic Degrees earned in higher education U.S. 1950-2032
• Basic Statistic Number of Associate's degree recipients U.S. 1970-2032
• Basic Statistic Number of Bachelor's degree recipients U.S. 1869/70-2031/32
• Basic Statistic Number of Master's degree recipients U.S. 1880-2032
• Basic Statistic Number of doctoral and first professional degree recipients U.S. 1870-2032

Associate's degree

• Premium Statistic Number of degrees awarded by community colleges U.S. 2021, by type
• Basic Statistic Associate's degrees earned in the United States 1970-2032, by gender
• Basic Statistic Associate's degrees earned in the United States 2020/21, by ethnicity

Bachelor's degree

• Basic Statistic Bachelor's degrees earned in the United States by gender 1950-2032
• Basic Statistic Bachelor's degrees earned in the United States by ethnic group 2020/21
• Basic Statistic Bachelor's degrees earned in the United States 2020/21, by field of research
• Premium Statistic Number of Bachelor's degrees awarded U.S. 2020-2021, by gender and subject
• Premium Statistic Share of U.S. population who had completed a bachelor's degree 2021, by state

Master's degree

• Basic Statistic Master's degrees earned in the United States 1950-2032, by gender
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• Basic Statistic Master's degrees earned in the United States 2020/21, by field of research
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Doctorate degree

• Basic Statistic Doctoral degrees earned in the United States 1950-2032, by gender
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• Basic Statistic Doctoral degrees earned in the United States 2020/21, by field of research
• Premium Statistic Median years to complete a doctorate U.S. 1995-2021
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Debt and unemployment

• Basic Statistic Share of U.S. graduates with debt 2003-2019
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• Basic Statistic Average student debt for a 4-year bachelor's degree, by institution type U.S. 2020/21
• Basic Statistic U.S. unemployment rate of recent graduates 2016-2023
• Basic Statistic Highest paying associate's degrees in the U.S. 2021/22, by mid-career pay
• Basic Statistic U.S. - average salary for Bachelor's degree holders 2023, by discipline
• Basic Statistic Highest paying bachelor's degrees in the U.S. 2021/22, by mid-career pay
• Basic Statistic U.S. - average salary for master's graduates 2023, by discipline

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OUR MINISTER

Dr. Joseph Lozovyy was born into a Christian family in Elektrostal, Moscow Region, and was raised in a pastor’s home. From the age of fifteen, he began actively participating in the music ministry of the Baptist Church in Mytishchi, where his father served as a pastor, and also played in the orchestra of the Central Moscow Baptist Church. From 1989, he participated in various evangelistic events in different cities of Moscow Region and beyond. From 1989 to 1992, as a member of the choir and orchestra “LOGOS,” he participated in evangelistic and charitable concerts, repeatedly performing on the stages of the Moscow State Conservatory, the Bolshoi Theatre, and other concert halls in Russia and abroad. In 1992, his family moved to the United States. In 2007, after completing a full course of spiritual and academic preparation, Joseph moved to Dallas, Texas, to engage in church ministry. In 2008, he founded the Russian Bible Church to preach to the Russian-speaking population living in Dallas, Texas.

– Bachelor of Arts in Music (viola) from the Third Moscow Music School named after Scriabin, Russia (1987-1991)

– Master of Theology (Th.M); Dallas Theological Seminary, Texas (1999-2003);

– Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D) Hebrew Bible (Books of Samuel): University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (2007).

– Doctoral research (2004-2005) Tübingen, Germany.

– Author of a theological work published in English: Saul, Doeg, Nabal and the “Son of Jesse: Readings in 1 Samuel 16-25, LHBOTS 497 [T&T Clark/Continuum: Bloomsbury Publishing]).

https://www.bloomsbury.com/us/saul-doeg-nabal-and-the-son-of-jesse-9780567027535/

Joseph and his wife Violetta and their son Nathanael live in the northern part of Dallas.

Saul, Doeg, Nabal, and the “Son of Jesse”: Readings in 1 Samuel 16-25: The Library of Hebrew Bible/Old Testament Studies Joseph Lozovyy T&T Clark (bloomsbury.com)

Joseph, his wife Violetta and their son Nathaniel live in North Dallas, Texas where he continues ministering to Russian-speaking Christians and his independent accademic research.

Published Work

1. bloomsbury:, 2. buy at christian book distributors:, 3. buy on amazon:.

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Elektrostal

Elektrostal’.

(until 1938, Zatish’e), a city under oblast jurisdiction in Moscow Oblast, RSFSR; situated 58 km east of Moscow. Railroad station on a branch line of the Moscow-Orekhovo-Zuevo line. Population, 135,000 (1977; 43,000 in 1939; 97,000 in 1959; 123,000 in 1970). Enterprises in the city include the Elektrostal’ Electrometallurgical Plant, a heavy machinery plant, a book bindery, and a plant for the production of motor vehicles and railroad equipment. The main educational institutes are a branch of the Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys, machine-building and construction technicums, and a music school.

(full name, I. F. Tevosian Elektrostal’), an electrometallurgical plant located in the city of Elektrostal’, Moscow Oblast. It manufactures high-quality alloy and special steels.

Formed from a foundry that had opened in 1916, Elektrostal’ began operation in 1918. It was thoroughly retooled between 1926 and 1937, with the addition of two steelmaking shops equipped with open-hearth and electric furnaces, a rolling shop equipped with model 350, model 600, and model 800 mills, a heat-treating shop, a stamping shop, a forging shop, and a drop-hammer shop. In 1940, the plant produced 226,000 tons of steel.

Elektrostal’ was evacuated to the Urals at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War of 1941–45. It was reevacuated in 1942 and began production for the front in July of that year. In the 1950’s, 1960’s, and 1970’s, a number of production sections were modernized and fully mechanized; shops with special equipment of the newest design were built, as were first-class laboratories with modern apparatus.

Elektrostal’ makes use of many advanced production processes, including oxygen steelmaking, subsurface deoxidation, and refining in molten slags and under high vacuums. Electron-beam melting and plasma-arc melting have been introduced.

Research is conducted at Elektrostal’ on the development and commercial production of new types of steel. The plant is now capable of producing more than 2,000 types of steel and alloys. Its steel output increased by a factor of 3.5 between 1945 and 1975.

Elektrostal’ was awarded the Order of Lenin in 1945 and the Order of the October Revolution in 1971.

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