vocabulary for globalisation essay

Globalization vocabulary

Wordlist and vocabulary with example sentences

Welcome to our English glossary of globalization vocabulary, a guide to the key concepts, ideas, and jargon related to globalization. In this glossary, you will find definitions and example sentences for such globalization terms as cultural imperialism , outsourcing and transnational corporation .

border (noun): a line or boundary that separates one country from another — The United States and Canada share a long border that spans over 8,000 kilometers.

brain drain (noun): the loss of highly-skilled workers from one country to another, often due to better job opportunities or working conditions — Many developing countries experience brain drain as their best and brightest professionals move to wealthier nations .

capit al (noun): money or other assets owned by an individual or business — The company used its capital to open several new factories abroad.

capitalism (noun): an economic system in which businesses are privately owned and operated for profit, with little or no government intervention — In a capitalist society, individuals and businesses are free to produce, distribute, and trade goods and services, and the market forces of supply and demand determine prices and allocation of resources.

capitalist (noun): a person who owns or invests in a business in order to make a profit — Many successful entrepreneurs are capitalists who have used their skills and resources to create and grow profitable businesses, while also creating jobs and driving economic growth.

cargo (noun): goods being transported by train, ship or other vehicle — A great deal of cargo was lost when the ship sank in the middle of the Atlantic.

commodity (noun): a raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and sold worldwide, such as copper or coffee — Prices on the commodity market fluctuate due to factors such as supply and demand, weather conditions and geopolitical events.

consumerism (noun): the notion that promotes the acquisition (consumption) of material goods — Society today seems to be based on pure consumerism.

cultural homogenization (noun): the process by which local cultures are replaced by a standardized global culture, often driven by the influence of Western media and consumerism — Many critics argue that globalization has led to cultural homogenization, with the spread of Hollywood movies and fast food chains around the world.

cultural imperialism (noun): the imposition of one culture's beliefs, values, and practices on another culture — Some argue that the spread of Western culture around the world represents a form of cultural imperialism.

deregulation (noun): the removal of government restrictions on businesses — The deregulation of the health sector enabled many private hospitals to extend their reach across the continent.

developing country (noun): a country with poor living standards where there is little economic or industrial activity — Famine is a major problem in many developing countries.

digital divide (noun): the gap between those who have access to digital technology (such as the internet and smartphones) and those who do not — In many developing countries, there is a significant digital divide between urban and rural areas.

domestic (adjective): happening within a particular country, and not internationall — Whilst domestic sales are down, there is still a demand for our products overseas.

economic growth drivers (noun): factors that cause an economy to grow — Technology and agriculture are among the country's greatest economic growth drivers.

economic interdependence (noun): when countries rely on each other for economic growth and stability — The European Union is an example of economic interdependence, as member countries work together to promote trade and economic growth.

emerge (verb): come out of something, come into view or economic prominence — Vanuatu is emerging as a key player in the world's coffee industry.

empire (noun): a group of countries or states under the rule of a single leader — India and Pakistan were once part of the British empire.

equity (noun): a concept that promotes fairness in the distribution of wealth, income and opportunities — In order to promote equity and fairness, the government is trying to ensure that all citizens have equal access to education, healthcare and jobs.

exchange rate (verb): the price of one country's currency against another's — He received very few euro due to the current exchange rate of the dollar.

export (noun): a product or service sent from one country to another — Saudi Arabia's exports consist principally of oil.

export (verb): sell and ship goods to another country — Brazil exports its coffee to countries on every continent.

fair trade (noun): a system of trading that ensures developing countries receive fair prices for the goods they export — As a company, we strive to promote fair trade products.

free trade (noun): a policy of eliminating or reducing trade barriers, such as tariffs and quotas, between nations to promote economic growth and cooperation — The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) eliminated most tariffs on goods traded between the United States, Canada and Mexico.

global citizen (noun): an individual who identifies with a broader, global community and recognizes his or her responsibility to address global challenges — Global citizens often prioritize issues such as climate change, poverty and human rights in their political and social activism.

global development (noun): the efforts of international organizations to promote economic growth, reduce poverty, improve human well-being, and address global challenges such as climate change and inequality, particularly in developing countries — The United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals aim to address global development challenges such as poverty, hunger, and climate change.

global governance (noun): the idea that there should be rules and regulations that govern the actions of countries and corporations on a global scale — The various international agreements on climate change are an example of global governance.

globalization (noun): the integration of the world's economies and cultures through trade, technology, and information. Globalisation offers countries access to foreign resources and labour markets and promotes interdependence among countries for the common good — Without globalization, we would see little progress in developing countries.

global supply chain (noun): the network of suppliers, manufacturers, distributors and retailers that work together to produce and distribute goods on a global scale — Apple's global supply chain includes suppliers in Asia, manufacturers in Europe and retail stores in North America.

global village (noun): the idea that technology and communication have made the world a smaller, more connected place — Social media has helped to connect people in the global village.

global warming (noun): the perceived gradual increase in Earth's temperature caused by the emission of man-made greenhouse gases — Suggestions that global warning peaked in 2015 are hotly disputed.

gross domestic product (noun): the total value of all goods produced and services provided by a country during one year — Agriculture accounts for 20% of our gross domestic product.

import (noun): a product or service brought into one country from another — China's imports include large quantities of coal from Australia.

import (verb): buy and bring in goods from another country — China imports petroleum oil and gas from Russia.

interdependence (noun): the dependence of two or more bodies (for example, countries) on each other — The interdependence of our nations has resulted in the diversity of products available to us.

international organization (noun): any institution or body that operates across national borders — The United Nations is an international organization claiming to promoting peace and cooperation among member countries.

IMF (abbreviation): International Monetary Fund

International Monetary Fund (IMF) (noun): an international organization of 190 countries based in Washington, USA and claiming to promote global cooperation, financial stability, international trade, high employment, sustainable economic growth, and reduced poverty around the world. — When the country experienced a financial crisis, the government turned to the International Monetary Fund for financial assistance and to help stabilize their economy.

JIT (abbreviation): just-in-time

just-in-time (JIT) (adjective): relating to a penny-pinching manufacturing system in which materials and components are delivered immediately before they are needed instead of being held in stock; partly responsible for the collapse of global supply chains during and after the Covid-19 fiasco — After the pandemic, many companies are re-evaluating their just-in-time stock control measures and considering a more balanced approach.

market (noun): the total number of buyers and sellers for a particular product or service within a particular region — We have been trying to expand our markets overseas for the past few years.

market forces (noun): forces that determine the cost of goods and services regardless of governmental control or interference — Weather conditions have always been one of the driving market forces in our country.

multilateral (adjective): involving two or more sides — It was a multilateral agreement between several European states.

multinational corporation : a company that operates in multiple countries, often with subsidiaries or affiliates in different regions of the world; also just called a "multinational" — Coca-Cola is a multinational corporation with operations in over 200 countries.

national (adjective): relating to a particular country or nation — Though few people have heard of him abroad, the man is a national hero.

offshoring (noun): the practice of moving a company's operations to another country in order to take advantage of lower labour costs and taxes — The Trump administration was opposed to offshoring after many American companies had offshored their manufacturing operations to China in order to reduce costs and increase profits.

outsource (verb): To obtain goods or services from an outside supplier — Many European countries outsource their jobs to Asia where labour costs are lower.

outsourcing (noun): the practice of contracting work to an external company or individual, often in a different country, in order to save costs or improve efficiency — Many companies outsource their customer service to call centers in countries such as India and the Philippines.

privatisation (noun): the transfer of publicly-owned businesses to private-sector organisations — The privatisation of hospitals has made health care inaccessible to many.

progress (noun): a process of improving towards a more advanced state — The country's technological progress has helped the standard of living in many regions.

protectionism (noun): the policy of imposing restrictions on foreign trade, such as tariffs and quotas, in order to protect domestic industries and jobs — The United States has implemented protectionist policies on steel and aluminum imports in order to support domestic producers.

regulations (noun): government-imposed rules that exercise price controls and limit who can enter a business transaction — We hope that these regulations will result in fairer, more ethical business practices .

standardisation (noun): an approach to marketing that can be used internationally — We believe that all sectors of the economy will benefit from these standardisation policies.

standard of living (noun): the level of income, comforts and materials available to the general population — Before NATO bombed Libya to destruction in 2011, the country had one of the highest standards of living on the African continent.

superpower (noun): a very powerful, dominant and influential country — Before the rise of China, the USA was for a short time considered the world's sole superpower due to its immense military strength and economic dominance.

sustainable development (noun): economic growth that balances the needs of the present with the ability of future generations to meet their own needs — Many countries have embraced sustainable development goals, such as reducing carbon emissions and protecting natural resources.

sweatshop (noun): a factory or workplace where workers are subjected to long hours, low pay and poor working conditions. Sweatshops are commonly associated with industries such as textile manufacturing, electronics assembly and agriculture. — Sweatshops are often associated with globalization as they are frequently found in poor countries where multinational corporations have outsourced their production in search of lower labour costs.

tariff (noun): a tax imposed on goods being imported and exported by a country — The government has imposed a tariff on electrical goods shipped from Asia.

trade (noun): the exchange of goods or services between two parties — The government has recently banned all trade in ivory.

trade barrier (noun): a government policy that limits or restricts international trade — The recently implemented trade barrier has resulted in a shortage of South American coffee.

trade deficit (noun): a situation where a country imports more goods and services than it exports — The United States has had a trade deficit with China for many years.

transnational (adjective): (of a company, policy etc) extending or operating across national borders — By definition, a transnational crime involves more than one country.

transnational corporation (noun): a company that operates in multiple countries — ExxonMobil is a transnational corporation with operations in over 50 countries .

transnationalism (noun): the concept of national boundaries having less relevance as people and ideas move more freely across borders — The rise of transnationalism is evident in the increasing number of dual citizens and global citizens who identify with multiple countries.

treaty (noun): a formal agreement ratified between two or more states — All three countries have agreed to sign the peace treaty.

unilateral (adjective): (of a decision or action) one-sided; performed by one person or group without consulting the parties that it might affect — Naturally, the citizens were distressed by the president's unilateral decision.

venture capital (noun): money invested in a company or project, typically with an element of risk — Without significant venture capital, we have little hope of getting the business off the ground.

WTO (abbreviation): World Trade Organization

World Trade Organization (WTO) (noun): a global organization based in Geneva, Switzerland, that claims to help countries and producers trade fairly and effectively.

Reference and further resources

• Globalization (National Geographic)
• Globalization (Wikipedia)
• Globalization Pros & Cons (Britannica)
• Globalization glossary

• A Beginner’s Guide to IELTS
• Common Grammar Mistakes [for IELTS Writing Candidates]

Writing Correction Service

• Free IELTS Resources
• Practice Speaking Test

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IELTS Topics: Globalisation

Posted by David S. Wills | Jul 3, 2023 | IELTS Tips | 0

When it comes to IELTS preparation, one of the best pieces of advice is “learn vocabulary and ideas related to common IELTS topics .” Those topics tend to be things that everyone could talk about and one of them is globalisation .

Today, I want to talk about globalisation and IELTS, providing you with some vocabulary and grammar tips, as well as sample questions and answers.

What is Globalisation?

Before we begin, it’s worth establishing what exactly we mean by “globalisation.” (Note that this is the British spelling. Americans call it “globalization.”)

Globalisation is defined on Wikipedia as:

the process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments worldwide.

I think that’s a pretty good definition.

Some people might focus on the financial aspects, such as trade between nations and an increasing number of commodities being sold, whilst others would think more of cultural factors, such as the spread of Hollywood and American music. However, these are both integral parts of globalisation.

IELTS Ideas and Globalisation

I mentioned above that there are both financial and cultural aspects to consider when it comes to globalisation. Indeed, it is a big topic and so both of these could definitely be discussed.

Keep in mind that IELTS is supposed to be an exam for normal people, so you don’t need to be an economist to answer these questions. Some ideas that might appear in the IELTS exam are:

• how globalisation damages certain cultures
• the benefits of globalisation
• what globalisation means for languages
• how globalisation has impacted immigration

There are many more ideas to consider. I strongly recommend that you do a Google search for “globalisation” and then look at some reputable websites to find some interesting ideas. This is useful for any IELTS topic. It’s a good way to pick up ideas and examples that you can use in your IELTS essays, as well as vocabulary.

Globalisation Vocabulary

The best way to learn globalisation vocabulary is to read articles and listen to podcasts on this topic and take notes. However, I’ll list some words and phrases below that might be helpful for you. I will break these into three areas:

• the “global” part of “globalisation”
• financial considerations
• cultural aspects

Words and phrases for describing a connected world:

• international
• transnational
• interconnected
• a wide array

Now, let’s look at some financial terms:

• commodities
• beneficiaries
• trade partners
• supply chain
• purchasing power

Finally, we’ll see some words and phrases that could be used when talking about the cultural implications of globalisation:

• cultural exports

Of course, all of this depends entirely upon the specific question and your ideas. You should learn vocabulary according to what you think about globalisation. By using these words accurately, you will have a better chance of a good Lexical Resource score.

You can see even more vocabulary below, after I give my answer to a sample question.

I’ll just take a moment to point out that grammar is also important. In fact, it’s always important in an English test!

When it comes to globalisation, you will have to use grammar to be clear on when something happened.

• Did it happen in the past and is finished now? You’ll probably need the past simple tense.
• Is it a general statement of fact? Then you need the present simple tense.
• Did it begin in the past and continues now? In that case, you’ll need the present perfect tense.

Always think carefully and pick your verb tenses according to the situation. You can learn more about grammar with this book .

What parts of the IELTS exam deal with globalisation?

The topic of globalisation could arise in any part of the IELTS exam, but it’s most likely in the reading and writing tests. It might be a little complicated for listening, although it certainly could pop up towards the end. As for speaking, it’s most likely to appear in part three, when the questions become more challenging.

Realistically, you might encounter a reading task about globalisation. This is because it’s a big topic that contains challenging ideas, and so it’s likely to be the subject of a magazine or newspaper article. (In fact, here’s a practice IELTS reading task about globalisation.)

We frequently see writing questions about this as well. Of course, that would occur in task two of the writing test. We’ll see some example questions below.

In short, globalisation could appear in any part of the exam but it’s most likely to show up in the reading and writing tests.

Sample Writing Question about Globalisation

Here’s a sample question:

Globalisation has had a profound impact on various aspects of our lives, including the economy, culture, and environment. Some people believe that it has brought numerous benefits, while others argue that it has caused more harm than good. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

This is a “ discuss both views ” question, so you must talk about both sides of the issue. You must not forget to give your opinion as well. Essentially, the ideas are:

• Globalisation has been beneficial
• Globalisation has been damaging

This is a fairly general question, so it would help if you had done reading on this topic as I suggested above.

Sample Band 9 Answer

Over the past half century, globalisation has increased at an astounding rate, impacting many areas of life in most of the world’s countries. Some people think that this has been largely positive but others take the opposite view. This essay will look at both points and say that it is hard to decide because both the positives and negatives are significant.

To begin with, globalisation has undoubtedly had some hugely positive impacts on the world. By bringing people together and tying economies into a global network, the likelihood of war has diminished significantly. Although wars still occur, they are far less common and tend to be more limited in scope. Likewise, it has become easier for people to co-operate, allowing for more immigration, more scientific advancements, less poverty, and the proliferation of human rights. Globalisation could be said to have drastically improved the lives of billions of people through the provision of better food, technology, and education.

On the other hand, there are clearly drawbacks and these are also numerous. First of all, globalisation could be said to favour certain countries, such as the Western nations whose values are spread throughout the world. It is not only that Western culture and language spreads, but of course this naturally favours Western corporations and governments, arguably giving them more power. In addition to all that, economic progress in less developed countries tends to come at the cost of their cultures. As they adopt Western values, they often lose aspects of their own culture, such as their values and even their language. An example is that many countries stop producing traditional music and theatre and instead attempt to copy Western musical and film styles. This makes the world less diverse and perhaps even more materialistic.

In conclusion, globalisation has major benefits but also drawbacks. It is hard to say that one outweighs the other because they are both quite significant and this would really just be a matter of opinion, with different people placing importance on different matters.

Notes on the Answer

There were some good ideas and vocabulary here.

Positives of globalisation:

• the likelihood of war has diminished significantly
• limited in scope
• immigration
• scientific advancements
• less poverty
• proliferation of human rights
• drastically improved the lives of billions of people
• the provision of better food, technology, and education

Negatives of globalisation:

• favour certain countries
• favours Western corporations and governments
• at the cost of their cultures
• lose aspects of their own culture
• less diverse
• more materialistic

Those are useful ideas and phrases, but of course you should try to think of your own ones.

In terms of structure, this essay had a fully developed introduction (with a clear outline sentence ) and a good conclusion . The body paragraphs were nicely split between the two opposing ideas.

About The Author

David S. Wills

David S. Wills is the author of Scientologist! William S. Burroughs and the 'Weird Cult' and the founder/editor of Beatdom literary journal. He lives and works in rural Cambodia and loves to travel. He has worked as an IELTS tutor since 2010, has completed both TEFL and CELTA courses, and has a certificate from Cambridge for Teaching Writing. David has worked in many different countries, and for several years designed a writing course for the University of Worcester. In 2018, he wrote the popular IELTS handbook, Grammar for IELTS Writing and he has since written two other books about IELTS. His other IELTS website is called IELTS Teaching.

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Mastering vocabulary and ideas of globalization for ielts preparation.

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GLOBALIZATION (noun)

• Globalized (adjective)
• Globalize (verb)
• Globalizer (noun, referring to a person or entity that promotes or facilitates globalization)
• Globalizing (gerund, used as a verb or adjective)

Globalization can find a place when you are writing or speaking about a wide range of topics such as moving overseas.

Directly related words and phrases

• Internationalization
• Interconnectedness
• Global trade
• Cross-border integraion
• Economic integration
• Multinational corporations (MNCs)
• Cultural exchange
• Global economy
• Global interdependence
• Global workforce
• Global mobility
• Global collaboration

Other words and phrases that can be used when writing or speaking on this topic

• Embracing the global flow of ideas and information
• Opening doors to new opportunities
• Navigating the global landscape
• The world is your oyster
• Think globally, acting locally
• Riding the wave of globalization
• A melting pot of cultures
• Technological advancements  have made it easier and more cost-effective to connect and conduct business across borders.
• Trade liberalization: Reduction of trade barriers, such as tariffs and quotas, through international agreements has facilitated the flow of goods and services across borders, promoting globalization.
• Access to resources and labour: Globalization enables countries to access resources, such as raw materials and skilled labour, from different parts of the world, contributing to economic growth and development.
• Cost reduction: Globalization allows companies to outsource production or services to countries with lower labour costs, helping to reduce expenses and increase profitability.
• Global financial integration: The liberalization of financial markets has fostered globalization.
• Changing consumer demands: Globalization has been driven by changing consumer preferences for a wider variety of products, including exotic goods and services from different parts of the world.
• Increased economic growth: Globalization has contributed to higher levels of economic growth by expanding markets, promoting trade, and attracting foreign investment.
• Job creation: Globalization has created new employment opportunities.
• Access to a wider range of goods and services: Globalization has increased consumer choices, providing access to a broader range of products and services from different parts of the world.
• Lower prices for consumers: Increased competition from global markets has led to lower prices for many goods and services, benefiting consumers.
• Technological advancements: Globalization has spurred technological advancements through the exchange of ideas, knowledge, and innovations across borders.
• Poverty reduction: Globalization has contributed to poverty reduction by creating jobs, improving living standards, and enhancing access to education and healthcare in many developing countries.
• Cultural exchange and diversity: Globalization has fostered cultural exchange, allowing people to experience and appreciate different cultures, traditions, and ideas.
• Knowledge sharing and collaboration: Globalization has facilitated collaboration and the sharing of knowledge and expertise across borders, leading to advancements in various fields.
• Improved living standards: Globalization has raised living standards in many countries by increasing access to higher-quality goods, services, and technologies.
• Peace and cooperation: Globalization has been associated with increased international cooperation and diplomatic relations, promoting peace and stability among nations through shared economic interests.

Disadvantages/Negatives of globalization

• Economic inequality: Globalization has contributed to widening income and wealth disparities, as the benefits of globalization are not evenly distributed, and marginalized groups may be left behind.
• Job displacement and outsourcing: Globalization has led to job displacement in certain industries and regions, as companies seek lower labour costs and outsource production to other countries.
• Loss of domestic industries: Globalization can lead to the decline of domestic industries unable to compete with cheaper imports, resulting in job losses and economic challenges for affected communities.
• Environmental degradation: Globalization has increased production and consumption, leading to environmental issues such as pollution, deforestation, and resource depletion, impacting ecosystems and contributing to climate change.
• Cultural homogenization: Globalization can lead to the erosion of unique cultural identities as globalized media, products, and practices dominate local cultures, potentially leading to a loss of diversity.
• Exploitation of labour: Globalization has been associated with the exploitation of workers in developing countries, where labour standards may be lower, resulting in poor working conditions, low wages, and human rights abuses.
• Health risks and disease spread: Globalization can facilitate the rapid spread of infectious diseases, as people and goods travel across borders, posing challenges for public health systems and global disease control.
• Cultural clashes and conflicts: The interaction of different cultures due to globalization can also lead to cultural clashes, misunderstandings, and tensions, potentially resulting in social and political conflicts.

Example sentences which can be used when writing about globalization

• The big planet Earth has become a small global village.
• Globalization has led to an interconnected world where goods, services, and information flow freely across borders.
• The internet has played a crucial role in the acceleration of globalization, connecting people from different corners of the globe.
• Globalization has sparked a cultural exchange, where ideas, customs, and traditions are shared and adopted by diverse societies.
• Environmentalists raise concerns about the negative impact of globalization on the planet, such as increased carbon emissions and resource depletion.
• Nowadays, many people prefer to study or live in foreign countries. While studying and living abroad brings many benefits to individuals, it also has a number of disadvantages. What are the advantages and disadvantages of leaving your country to live or study abroad?
• Some people think globalization has many good effects, while others believe it has bad effects. Discuss the good and bad sides of globalization, including its impact on the economy, culture, and the environment.
• Some people say that globalization is mostly beneficial. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?
• Nowadays, many products and ideas are shared between countries due to globalization. Do you think this is a positive or negative development?

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Globalization and cultural exchange

Below is a detailed list of vocabulary related to globalization and cultural exchange, along with their definitions. These words and phrases will help you discuss various aspects of globalization and the exchange of culture during the IELTS exam or any conversations on this topic:

Globalization :

• Definition: The process of increased interconnectedness and interdependence among countries, economies, and cultures on a global scale.

Cultural Exchange :

• Definition: The mutual sharing of cultural knowledge, practices, and traditions between individuals or groups from different cultures.

Cross-Cultural Interaction :

• Definition: The engagement and communication between people from different cultural backgrounds.

Multiculturalism :

• Definition: The coexistence and recognition of multiple cultural groups within a society, promoting cultural diversity and equality.

Cultural Fusion :

• Definition: The blending or merging of different cultural elements to create new customs, art forms, or practices.

Cultural Diversity :

• Definition: The variety of cultural groups and their distinct customs and traditions found within a specific region or globally.

Cultural Identity :

• Definition: The sense of belonging and identification with a particular cultural group or heritage.

Cultural Heritage :

• Definition: The traditions, customs, and artifacts that are inherited from previous generations and preserved as part of a culture's legacy.

Intercultural Communication :

• Definition: The exchange of information and ideas between individuals from different cultural backgrounds, requiring sensitivity and adaptability.

Global Cultural Awareness :

• Definition: Knowledge and recognition of cultural differences and similarities across various parts of the world.

Global Citizenship :

• Definition: A sense of responsibility and engagement with global issues, valuing cultural diversity and promoting peace and cooperation.

Cultural Diplomacy :

• Definition: The use of cultural interactions and exchanges to build understanding and improve international relations.

Cultural Competence :

• Definition: The ability to effectively interact and communicate with individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds while being aware of one's cultural biases.

Cultural Sensitivity :

• Definition: Being aware of and respectful toward cultural differences, avoiding behaviors that could be considered offensive or disrespectful.

Global Awareness :

• Definition: Knowledge and understanding of global issues and the impact of globalization on societies and cultures.

Cultural Integration :

• Definition: The process of incorporating diverse cultural elements into a unified and harmonious whole.

Cultural Tolerance :

• Definition: Accepting and respecting cultural differences without judgment or prejudice.

Cultural Exchange Programs :

• Definition: Initiatives that facilitate interactions and learning between individuals from different cultures.

Cultural Pluralism :

• Definition: The coexistence of multiple cultural groups within a larger society, each maintaining their distinct identity and practices.

Global Perspective :

• Definition: A broad and inclusive view that considers cultural differences and commonalities on a global scale.

Cultural Norms :

• Definition: Accepted behaviors and expectations within a particular cultural group.

Cultural Universals :

• Definition: Common features or practices that are found in all cultures worldwide, such as language, family structures, and art.

Cultural Collaboration :

• Definition: Working together across cultures to achieve shared goals or objectives.

Cultural Exchange Events :

• Definition: Occasions organized to promote cross-cultural interactions and understanding.

Cultural Sensitization :

• Definition: The process of becoming more sensitive and aware of cultural differences.

Cultural Assimilation :

• Definition: The process by which individuals or groups adopt the cultural practices of the dominant culture.

Cultural Dialogue :

• Definition: Open and respectful communication that facilitates understanding and cooperation between different cultures.

Cultural Encounter :

• Definition: A meeting or interaction between individuals or groups from different cultural backgrounds.

Global Impact :

• Definition: The influence of globalization on various aspects of society, economy, and culture.

Cultural Competitions :

• Definition: Events or activities that showcase the unique cultural practices and talents of different communities.

Cultural Experiences :

• Definition: Personal encounters or engagements with the customs and traditions of other cultures.

Cultural Exchange Students :

• Definition: Individuals who participate in programs that allow them to study or live in another country to learn about its culture.

As you study and utilize these vocabulary words, practice incorporating them into your conversations and written responses to showcase your understanding of globalization and cultural exchange during the IELTS exam or any discussions on this topic.

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ENCYCLOPEDIC ENTRY

Globalization.

Globalization is a term used to describe the increasing connectedness and interdependence of world cultures and economies.

Anthropology, Sociology, Social Studies, Civics, Economics

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Globalization is a term used to describe how trade and technology have made the world into a more connected and interdependent place. Globalization also captures in its scope the economic and social changes that have come about as a result. It may be pictured as the threads of an immense spider web formed over millennia, with the number and reach of these threads increasing over time. People, money, material goods, ideas, and even disease and devastation have traveled these silken strands, and have done so in greater numbers and with greater speed than ever in the present age. When did globalization begin? The Silk Road, an ancient network of trade routes across China, Central Asia, and the Mediterranean used between 50 B.C.E. and 250 C.E., is perhaps the most well-known early example of exchanging ideas, products, and customs. As with future globalizing booms, new technologies played a key role in the Silk Road trade. Advances in metallurgy led to the creation of coins; advances in transportation led to the building of roads connecting the major empires of the day; and increased agricultural production meant more food could be trafficked between locales. Along with Chinese silk, Roman glass, and Arabian spices, ideas such as Buddhist beliefs and the secrets of paper-making also spread via these tendrils of trade. Unquestionably, these types of exchanges were accelerated in the Age of Exploration, when European explorers seeking new sea routes to the spices and silks of Asia bumped into the Americas instead. Again, technology played an important role in the maritime trade routes that flourished between old and newly discovered continents. New ship designs and the creation of the magnetic compass were key to the explorers’ successes. Trade and idea exchange now extended to a previously unconnected part of the world, where ships carrying plants, animals, and Spanish silver between the Old World and the New also carried Christian missionaries. The web of globalization continued to spin out through the Age of Revolution, when ideas about liberty , equality , and fraternity spread like fire from America to France to Latin America and beyond. It rode the waves of industrialization , colonization , and war through the eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth centuries, powered by the invention of factories, railways, steamboats, cars, and planes. With the Information Age, globalization went into overdrive. Advances in computer and communications technology launched a new global era and redefined what it meant to be “connected.” Modern communications satellites meant the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo could be watched in the United States for the first time. The World Wide Web and the Internet allowed someone in Germany to read about a breaking news story in Bolivia in real time. Someone wishing to travel from Boston, Massachusetts, to London, England, could do so in hours rather than the week or more it would have taken a hundred years ago. This digital revolution massively impacted economies across the world as well: they became more information-based and more interdependent. In the modern era, economic success or failure at one focal point of the global web can be felt in every major world economy. The benefits and disadvantages of globalization are the subject of ongoing debate. The downside to globalization can be seen in the increased risk for the transmission of diseases like ebola or severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), or in the kind of environmental harm that scientist Paul R. Furumo has studied in microcosm in palm oil plantations in the tropics. Globalization has of course led to great good, too. Richer nations now can—and do—come to the aid of poorer nations in crisis. Increasing diversity in many countries has meant more opportunity to learn about and celebrate other cultures. The sense that there is a global village, a worldwide “us,” has emerged.

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Globalisation

“It has been said that arguing against globalization is like arguing against the laws of gravity.” Kofi Annan (1938 – 2018), former Secretary General of the United Nations

• December 30, 2020
• General English
• One Comment

Home » Globalisation

Latest lesson plans

LESSON OVERVIEW

This free ESL lesson plan on globalisation has been designed for adults and young adults at an intermediate (B1/B2) to advanced (C1/C2) level and should last around 45 to 60 minutes for one student.

Thanks to globalisation, people all around the world have access to products from other countries which in turn has led to the creation of many jobs and an increase in economic growth. However, other people argue that this has been at the expense of lowering working conditions and the importation of cheap foreign imports has actually led to job losses in many places. In this ESL lesson plan on globalisation, students will have the opportunity to discuss and express their opinions on issues such as what globalisation means, how it has had a positive impact and whether there have been any negative side effects.

For advice on how to use this English lesson plan and  other lesson plans  on this site, see the  guide for ESL teachers .

PRE-CLASS ACTIVITIES

Reading activity Before the English class, send the following article to the students and ask them to read it while making a list of any new vocabulary or phrases they find (explain any the students don’t understand in the class):

BBC | “Will globalisation take away your job?”

The article talks about how automation, increased use of robots and faster internet speeds could result in many jobs being conducted remotely from countries with lower wages. The result will be huge job losses in white collar professions, particularly in developed countries. At the start of the class, hold a brief discussion about what the students thought about the article. What do they think about the issues raised in the article? Do they agree with what was said? Will it be a good thing or a bad thing if jobs are relocated from developed countries to developing countries?

Video activity To save time in class for the conversation activities, the English teacher can ask the students to watch the video below and answer the listening questions in Section 3 of the lesson plan at home. There are intermediate listening questions and advanced listening questions so teachers can decide which would be more appropriate for their students. Check the answers in the class.

The video for this class is called “The Problem With Globalization” by International Hub which explains some of the negative effects of globalisation and how governments can deal with these problems.

IN-CLASS ACTIVITIES

The focus in the class is on conversation in order to help improve students’ fluency and confidence when speaking in English as well as boosting their vocabulary.

This lesson opens with a short discussion about the article the students read before the class. Next, the students can give their opinion on the quote at the beginning of the lesson plan – what they think the quote means and if they agree with it. This is followed by an initial discussion on the topic including how globalisation has affected their countries, what foreign products they buy and how they would feel if globalisation caused job losses where they live.

After this, students will learn some vocabulary connected with globalisation such as race to the bottom , telecommuting and interdependent . This vocabulary has been chosen to boost the students’ knowledge of less common vocabulary that could be useful for preparing for English exams like IELTS or TOEFL. The vocabulary is accompanied by a cloze activity and a speaking activity to test the students’ comprehension of these words.

If the students didn’t watch the video before the class, they can watch it after the vocabulary section and answer the listening questions. Before checking the answers, ask the students to give a brief summary of the video and what they thought about the content.

Finally, there is a more in-depth conversation about globalisation. In this speaking activity, students will talk about issues such as whether or not globalisation has made the world a better place, which counties are taking advantage of globalisation and what the future holds for globalisation.

After the class, students will write about their opinion of globalisation. This could be a short paragraph or a longer piece of writing depending on what level the student is at. The writing activity is designed to allow students to practise and improve their grammar with the feedback from their teacher. For students who intend to take an international English exam such as IELTS or TOEFL, there is an alternative essay question to practise their essay-writing skills.

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1 thought on “Globalisation”

Wow! Thanks for this amazing lesson plan!!

To go further, students can watch this short documentary from The Economist related to the topic of globalisation: ‘Will Covid kill globalisation?’: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KJhlo6DtJIk

Thanks again!

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✍️Essay on Globalisation: Samples in 100, 150 and 200 Words

• Updated on  
• Oct 25, 2023

Globalisation means the combination of economies and societies with the help of information, ideas, technology, finance, goods, services, and people. It is a process where multinational companies work on their international standing and conduct operations internationally or overseas. Over the years, Globalisation has had a profound impact on various aspects of society. Today we will be discussing what globalisation is and how it came into existence with the essay on globalisation listed below.

Table of Contents

• 1 How Globalisation Came Into Existence?
• 2 Essay on Globalisation in 100 Words
• 3 Essay on Globalisation in 150 Words
• 4 Essay on Globalisation in 200 Words

How Globalisation Came Into Existence?

For all those unaware, the concepts of globalisation first emerged in the 20th century. Here are some of the key events which led to the development of globalisation in today’s digital world.

• The ancient Silk Route as well as the maritime routes led to the exchange of goods, ideas and culture in several countries. Although these were just trade routes, but later became important centres for cultural exchange.
• Other than this, the European colonial expansion which took place from the 15th to the 20th century led to the setting up of global markets where both knowledge and people were transferred to several developing countries. 
• The evolution and exchange of mass media, cinema and the internet further led to the widespread dissemination of cultures and ideas.

Also Read: Essay on the Importance of the English Language for Students

Essay on Globalisation in 100 Words

Globalization, the interconnectedness of nations through trade, technology, and cultural exchange, has reshaped the world. It has enabled the free flow of goods and information, fostering economic growth and cultural diversity. However, it also raises challenges such as income inequality and cultural homogenization. 

In a globalized world, businesses expand internationally, but local industries can suffer. Moreover, while globalization promotes shared knowledge, it can erode local traditions. Striking a balance between the benefits and drawbacks of globalization is essential to ensure a more equitable and culturally diverse global community, where economies thrive without leaving anyone behind.

Also Read: Essay on Save Environment: Samples in 100, 200, 300 Words

Essay on Globalisation in 150 Words

Globalization is the process of increasing interconnectedness and interdependence among countries, economies, and cultures. It has transformed the world in various ways.

Economically, globalization has facilitated the flow of goods, services, and capital across borders. This has boosted economic growth and reduced poverty in many developing nations. However, it has also led to income inequality and job displacement in some regions.

Culturally, globalization has resulted in the spread of ideas, values, and cultural products worldwide. While this fosters cultural exchange and diversity, it also raises concerns about cultural homogenization.

Technologically, globalization has been driven by advances in communication and transportation. The internet and smartphones have connected people across the globe, allowing for rapid information dissemination and collaboration.

In conclusion, globalization is a complex phenomenon with both benefits and challenges. It has reshaped the world, bringing people closer together, but also highlighting the need for responsible governance and policies to address its downsides.

Also Read: Essay on Unity in Diversity in 100 to 200 Words

Essay on Globalisation in 200 Words

Globalization, a multifaceted phenomenon, has reshaped the world over the past few decades. It involves the interconnectedness of economies, cultures, and societies across the globe. In this essay, we will briefly discuss its key aspects and impacts.

Economically, globalization has led to increased international trade and investment. It has allowed companies to expand operations globally, leading to economic growth in many countries. However, it has also resulted in income inequality and job displacement in some regions.

Culturally, globalization has facilitated the exchange of ideas, values, and traditions. This has led to a more diverse and interconnected world where cultures blend, but it can also challenge local traditions and languages.

Socially, globalization has improved access to information and technology. It has connected people across borders, enabling global activism and awareness of worldwide issues. Nonetheless, it has also created challenges like cybercrime and privacy concerns.

In conclusion, globalization is a double-edged sword. It offers economic opportunities, cultural exchange, and global connectivity, but it also brings about disparities, cultural tensions, and new global challenges. To navigate this complex landscape, the world must strive for responsible globalization that balances the interests of all stakeholders and promotes inclusivity and sustainability.

Related Articles

The movement of goods, technologies, information, and jobs between countries is referred to as globalisation. 

Globalization as a phenomenon began with the earliest human migratory routes, or with Genghis Khan’s invasions, or travel across the Silk Road.

Globalisation allows wealthy nations to access cheaper labour and resources, while also providing opportunity for developing and underdeveloped nations with the jobs and investment capital they require.

For more information on such interesting topics, visit our essay-writing page and follow Leverage Edu ! 

Malvika Chawla

Malvika is a content writer cum news freak who comes with a strong background in Journalism and has worked with renowned news websites such as News 9 and The Financial Express to name a few. When not writing, she can be found bringing life to the canvasses by painting on them.

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Globalisation

Vocabularies to describe something global:, vocabularies to describe the different regions of the world:, globalisation, trade & economy:, global context:, vocabularies related to negative sides of globalisation:, globalisation related collocations.

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IELTS writing vocabulary: the environment

Home  »  IELTS vocabulary  » IELTS writing vocabulary: the environment

Learning new words for your exam is important so we've compiled a list of new terms to help you broaden your vocabulary for your IELTS exam .

Collocations and examples sentences

Political issue :  There are many political issues in America such as women’s rights and immigration.

Climate crisis : There are many political issues in America such as women’s rights and immigration.

Global warming : Global warming is causing polar bears in the north and deep south to die.

Green consumer : Becoming a green consumer can help fix the climate crisis in the world.

Carbon emissions : Reducing our carbon emissions can slow down the effects of global warming on our planet.

Historical average : The temperatures have risen and beaten the historical average.

Current levels : The current levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are dangerously high.

Carbon footprint : Every person must reduce their carbon footprint by mindfully treating the environment better.

Climate solutions : There are many climate solutions that can help our planet, but we all must do our part to make a change.

5 questions eliciting the collocations:

1. What does Al Gore suggest we can do about the climate crisis?

2. How are cars and trucks contributing to climate change in a negative way?

3. What does it mean to be a green consumer?

4. How does Al Gore think you can be a catalyst of change as an individual?

5. Why isn’t climate change a political issue according to Gore?

Video: Listen to the topic vocabulary in use

Task 2 sample essay - with collocations removed (gap fill task).

People are creating more waste and garbage today and it is negatively affecting our planet by causing _______ ______ of carbon dioxide emissions to rise and the _______ ______ to get worse. We must fix this issue with _______ _________ that will reduce our personal waste and, in turn, reduce our ______ __________.

Firstly, we must stop creating so much garbage by becoming _____ _________ . We have to be mindful of our use and learn to be more environmentally friendly. Studies show that the __________ _______ of temperatures has been exceeded and this is related to our amount of waste. We need to recycle more and emit less. Otherwise, our ______ _________ will continue to increase.

Secondly, we need to fix the climate crisis on a personal level. We cannot consider ______ _______ a _________ _____, because we all need to participate in making a change. Scientists agree that in order to make a difference and reduce our garbage, we need to drive our cars less, stop drinking bottled water, and recycle and throw away our trash. With each person making these small changes, we can make a big difference in the world when it comes to climate change.

In conclusion, the amount of garbage we put out in the world is affecting us negatively and causing climates to rise. We must make changes and make them fast in order to fix this issue. Together, we can make a difference.

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Essay 93 – Globalisation affects the world

Gt writing task 2 / essay sample # 93.

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Write about the following topic:

Even though globalisation affects the world’s economies in a very positive way, its negative side should not be forgotten.

How far do you agree with it? What negative sides globalisation has?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

Write at least 250 words.

Model Answer: [Agreement]

Globalisation exerts effort to improve the global economy and bring nations together. However, like many other things, it has both advantages and disadvantages. I believe that the downsides of globalisation should not be downplayed.

Undeniably, globalisation has taken the centre stage in the success of the world’s economy and it plays a pivotal role in contributing to sustainable prosperity for all. Both developing and developed countries can reap the benefits of globalisation. For instance, developed countries outsource production and services to developing economies. In consequence, it opens up plenty of employment opportunities, and new businesses create higher-paying jobs that give millions of people a far higher standard of living. And consumers in developed countries can also purchase goods and services at a fair price.

But, globalisation also has ominous disadvantages. One obvious disadvantage is global warming which threatens our existence on the blue planet we call ‘home’. Globalization has caused massive increase in industrial activities and motorised transportation and thereby increasing the burning of fossil fuels and the emission of greenhouse gases. Besides, due to globalisation, people’s lifestyle has become less healthy. With globalisation, people have entered into a cut-throat competitive era and this has made people work long hours and choose a sedentary lifestyle. Consequently, several health problems, like obesity, heart disease, for example, are becoming more prevailing than ever before. Last but not least, globalisation has caused cultural convergence, which in turn harms cultural divergence. In other words, it may lead to a loss of cultural identity for many nations.

To conclude, while globalization does have some benefits, it seems to me that we should be aware of its negative aspects so that we can reap the maximum benefit.

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