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• Resume and Cover Letter
• Resume vs Cover Letter: How...

Resume vs Cover Letter: How They're Different

8 min read · Updated on January 25, 2024

Knowing how a resume and cover letter work together can increase your chances of standing out

A resume and cover letter are essential job marketing tools that allow you to grab the attention of prospective employers and make a solid first impression. Where a resume provides an objective and concise overview of your work history, knowledge, skills, and overall qualifications, a cover letter formally introduces you to the employer and summarizes your work experiences related to your resume. It also discusses why you're interested in the position and why you're a suitable candidate. 

These two complementary documents are similar in a few ways and very different in others. In this post, we'll cover the following to provide clarity around cover letters vs resumes:

Cover letter vs resume: what are the similarities?

Cover letter vs resume: what are the differences?

What can a cover letter convey that a resume can't?

What's the difference between a cover letter, a resume, and an application letter? 

Cover letter vs resume: what are the similarities? 

As noted, a cover letter and resume are both career marketing tools, provided to prospective employers, that give the opportunity to make a strong first impression. Here are a few additional similarities between the two:

Both are meant to sell your skills and experience to entice employers to bring you in for an interview

The heading and contact information provided in a cover letter should match what's provided in a resume

When both a cover letter and resume are submitted as part of a job application, they're submitted together

Each document should use a similar style in terms of colors, font type , and font size to provide a cohesive package

Both documents should be tailored to each job you apply to

Both your cover letter and resume should include keywords from the job description.

These few points are where the similarities between a cover letter and a resume end. 

When considering a cover letter vs resume, there are five significant differences between them. They are

Layout and structure

Tonality , tense and orientation.

A resume is a requirement and necessity for virtually all job applications. A cover letter, on the other hand, is highly recommended but isn't necessarily required unless the job application specifically requests the inclusion of a cover letter. It's also possible to come across some job postings that specifically ask you not to include a cover letter. If you come across such an instance, even if you're tempted, don't include it unless you want to risk immediately going into the “no” pile. 

Unless specifically asked not to, in most instances it's in your best interest to include a cover letter with your resume. It shows you care about the position and can help to make your application stand out from the competition. 

The purpose of a resume is to provide the employer with a concise overview of your relevant work history, skills, and other qualifications. It focuses on your past and how it applies to your potential to succeed in a new job. 

Your cover letter should focus only on the job you're applying to - it serves as an introduction to you and your resume. With your cover letter, you have the opportunity to showcase a bit of your personality, further summarize your resume, and emphasize why you're interested in, and the right fit for, the job. 

In a nutshell, a resume shows the employer how your experience fits the role and a cover letter tells them why it does. 

Another main difference between a cover letter vs resume is the layout and structure of each. A resume typically uses bullet points without paragraphs or large chunks of text. There are also standard resume formats to choose from. A cover letter is written in paragraph form, with a layout similar to any professional business letter you might write.

Resume layout and structure

A resume uses one of three resume formats - reverse chronological, functional, or hybrid - with specific sections that are required within each format. The most commonly used is the chronological format, which includes the following sections:

Contact Information

Resume Headline

Resume Summary

Core Competencies

Work Experience 

Additional optional sections sometimes included on a resume are IT Skills, Volunteer Experience, Special Projects, Certifications, Training, Awards, Publications, and Hobbies & Interests. 

For more tips on how to write an effective resume with several resume examples to review, refer to “ How to Make a Resume: Beginner's Writing Guide with Examples .”

Cover letter layout and structure

A cover letter ranges from 300 to 500 words and should be written using the same format as any professional business letter. The key sections of a cover letter include:

The header with the date, the employer's address, and your contact information

A salutation directed to a specific individual when possible

An introduction paragraph where you introduce yourself, share why you're interested, and emphasize why you're an ideal candidate

The body paragraphs - the most crucial section of your cover letter - where you summarize your qualifications and how they make you an ideal candidate to meet the job requirements and demands, in one to two paragraphs

A conclusion paragraph , where you'll conclude with appreciation and a call to action

The closing , with a professional closing salutation and your name

For more detailed information on how to write a cover letter with a cover letter example, refer to “ How to Write a Cover Letter (With Example) .” 

Your cover letter, unlike your resume, addresses the employer directly and with a tone that's more personable than a resume. The exact tone you go with for your cover letter should reflect the industry and organization to which you're applying, though it's still good to showcase some personality. When doing so, ensure you still keep it professional and don't be too personal to the point that it distracts from the letter's overall goal and ability to leave a positive impression. 

The tone of a resume is straightforward and objective. It offers the reader specific details about your past work history, key qualifications, and skills. 

A resume is mostly past-oriented, meaning that it focuses largely on your past work history and experiences. Much of a resume is written in the past tense, as well. 

A cover letter is written primarily in the present tense. The focus of a cover letter is more on the present and future, including mentioning current and future objectives. 

What can a cover letter explain that a resume cannot?

As noted, where a resume shows how you're a good fit for the job, a cover letter can discuss why you're a good fit. Also, a cover letter can explain details about your resume that you might not have had space for on the resume. For example, if you listed a work experience bullet point with a great accomplishment, yet you weren't able to highlight the challenges you overcame for that significant achievement, that might be something to include in the cover letter if it adds value and is relevant. 

Cover letter vs resume vs application letter

In addition to a cover letter and resume being part of your arsenal of career marketing tools, you might also be wondering where an application letter fits in - especially since some confuse an application letter with a cover letter. 

What is the difference between a resume and an application letter?

As mentioned, a resume is a document required for job applications and provides a succinct overview of your work history and credentials. An application letter provides a detailed overview of your work history and credentials in a letter format and is typically not used in conjunction with a resume.

What is the difference between a cover letter and an application letter?

Though a cover letter and application letter share similar features, they're different in content and purpose. A cover letter complements a resume and provides an introduction to yourself and an overview as to why your qualifications make you a good fit for the job. It's sent with the resume as part of the application process. 

An application letter is more detailed and dives deeper into an applicant's work history and qualifications. It's common to send an application letter to an employer of interest, even if they don't have any job openings at the time. In other words, it's sent outside of the application process and often expresses interest in working for the organization. 

The structure is similar to a cover letter, because they're both professional business letters. However, since the intent of a cover letter and application letter differs, the content focus is different between the two. 

Cover letter vs resume: yes, you need both (with rare exceptions)

Now you know the similarities and differences between a cover letter vs resume and the purpose of each. You also know that, in most instances, it's best to submit a cover letter with your resume when applying for jobs. Including both helps you to set yourself apart from others in a tough job market and make a positive first impression on hiring teams! 

Wondering if your resume and cover letter complement each other the way they should? Our team of TopResume experts can help you to ensure that both showcase the correct elements to help you land the interviews you desire. You can even submit your resume for a free review   to get started!

Recommended reading: 

How to List Certifications on a Resume (with Examples)

How to Start a Cover Letter that Grabs Attention

How to Include Relevant Coursework on a Resume (with Examples)

Related Articles:

Do Hiring Managers Actually Read Cover Letters?

How to Create a Resume With No Education

Why You Lose When You Lie on Your Resume: Learning From Mina Chang

See how your resume stacks up.

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Resume VS Cover Letter in 2024 [Detailed Guide & Examples!]

Navigating the job market in 2024 can be tricky, with every detail in your job application making a huge difference. 

In such a situation, you might find yourself wondering about the roles of resumes and cover letters and how each can help your job hunt. 

While a resume showcases your skills and experiences, a cover letter adds a personal touch, explaining why you're the perfect fit. But blending these two effectively isn't always straightforward.

But worry not! 

This guide will show you how to create a spotless application by telling you all about resumes vs cover letters, including:

• Resume Vs Cover Letter: 3 Key Differences 

Resume Vs Cover Letter: 3 Key Similarities

• What to Include in Your Resume and Cover Letter
• Resume and Cover Letter Examples

Let’s dive in!  

Resume Vs Cover Letter: 3 Key Differences

When you're on the hunt for a new job, understanding the difference between a resume and a cover letter is crucial. 

They might seem like they serve the same purpose at first glance, but they're actually quite different in terms of format, tone, and purpose. 

Let's break down these key differences to help you leverage each one effectively in your job application: 

#1. Format 

The main difference between a resume and a cover letter is how they’re formatted. A resume’s format is structured, almost like a database of your professional life. It's a concise, bullet-pointed list showcasing your work experience, skills, and educational background. 

The idea is to make it easy for the employer to scan through your qualifications quickly. Think of it as a highlight reel of your career, with each point clear and to the point.

On the other hand, a cover letter has a more narrative style. It's your chance to tell a story about your professional journey. Here, you're not just listing your achievements and skills; you're explaining them. 

You can dive into details about key experiences, how you tackled challenges, and why you're a great fit for the role. While your resume is factual and to the point, your cover letter allows your personality and enthusiasm to shine through.

What you include in a cover letter is also different from a resume. In your cover letter , you're linking your skills and experiences directly to what the job requires, using examples and anecdotes. Meanwhile, your resume serves as a straightforward record of your professional path and competencies.

The tone is where you see the difference between a resume and a cover letter. 

A resume is all about being professional and straightforward. You're sticking to the facts: your past job titles , the skills you've mastered, and your educational background. It's like a formal report about you, so there's not much room for personal flair or storytelling.

In contrast, your cover letter is where you can be a bit more relaxed and personal. 

This doesn't mean you should be overly casual, but it's definitely the place to add a bit of your personality. You can write in the first person, share your enthusiasm for the job, and talk about why you're excited about the opportunity. It's like having a conversation with the hiring manager, telling them why you'd be a great fit for the job.

So, while your resume is the straight-to-the-point , no-nonsense part of your application, your cover letter is where you get to be more expressive. 

#3. Purpose

When it comes to the purpose of a resume and a cover letter, it's all about showing different sides of your professional story. 

Your resume is the backbone of your job application; it's essential. It gives a clear, concise rundown of your professional journey. Basically, it's your way of saying, "Here's what I've done and what I'm good at." You can apply for a job with just a resume, but it's just a part of the whole picture.

The cover letter is what fills that picture. It complements your resume by filling in the gaps and adding context to your experiences. This is your space to explain why you're interested in the job and how your background makes you a great fit. It's like adding color to a black-and-white photo. 

By writing a cover letter , you're showing hiring managers that you're not just tossing your resume into every job opening you see. You're taking the time to present a complete, well-thought-out application.

So, while your resume is key, including a cover letter can be a game-changer. It shows you're a dedicated job seeker who understands the value of presenting a full picture. Hiring managers often look for this effort as it demonstrates you’re serious about the role. In a stack of many resumes, a well-crafted cover letter can be the thing that makes you stand out .

If navigating the world of job applications can be tricky, it helps to know that both resumes and cover letters also share some common ground.

While they have their differences, they also have key similarities like length, the need to be tailored to the job, and using matching templates. 

Understanding these similarities can help you create a cohesive and compelling job application package:

#1. Length 

First up, let's talk about length. Both your resume and cover letter should be pretty brief . 

The recommended resume length is usually one page long . You can have a two-page resume , but that's only if you have tons of experience and are applying for an executive position. 

As a rule of thumb, though, your resume should be all about being concise and to the point. You want to make sure every word counts, especially since hiring managers don't spend a lot of time on each resume.

Your cover letter should also be short and sweet. Aim for about three to four paragraphs , and don’t go over one page. You're not writing your autobiography here; you're giving a snapshot of why you're the right fit for the job. It's your chance to highlight the most important parts of your resume and add a bit of personality, but remember, brevity is key.

So, whether it's your resume or cover letter, keep it tight. You want to give just enough to spark interest and make them say, "Let's call this person for an interview."

#2. Tailoring it to the Job

Now, let's talk about tailoring these documents to the job. 

This is super important for both your resume and cover letter. You can't just send the same version to every job opening; it needs to feel like it was made just for that specific role. For your resume, this means highlighting the experience and skills that are most relevant to the job you're applying for. You've got to show them that what you've done lines up with what they need.

Your cover letter needs this custom touch, too. It's your chance to draw a clear line between your skills and experiences and the job's requirements. Here, you're telling them, "Hey, see these things on my resume? This is how they make me a great fit for your job." It's about making the connection between you and the role crystal clear.

So, whether it's tweaking your resume to highlight certain experiences or writing a cover letter that speaks directly to the job ad, tailoring each document is key. It shows that you're not just looking for any job; you're interested in this job.

Looking for a new job? Be sure to read the ultimate guide to the job hunt for help along the way!

#3. Matching Templates 

Lastly, there's the visual aspect – using matching templates for your resume and cover letter. When these two pieces of your application match, it gives everything a cohesive and professional look. 

Think of it like wearing a matching outfit to an interview; it just looks more put together. Using the same design, colors, and font style in both documents creates a strong, unified brand for you as a professional. It's a subtle touch, but it can make your application stand out.

Having a matching set also shows attention to detail. It tells the hiring manager that you've put thought and effort into your application. It's not just about the content; it's also about presenting it in a way that's pleasing to the eye and easy to read.

If you're not a design whiz, don't worry. There are tools out there that can help.

For example, Novorésumé offers matching templates for resumes and cover letters. This makes it super easy to create a professional and stylish-looking application package. 

With a few clicks, you can have a resume and cover letter that look like they were made to go together, because, well, they were!

What to Include in Your Resume

Your resume is your professional story on a page. It's crucial to include the right information to showcase your skills and experiences effectively. Here's a breakdown of what to include:

• Contact Information : Start with the basics - your name, phone number, email, and LinkedIn profile. Make sure your email sounds professional and not like something you came up with in high school (e.g.: [email protected]). 
• Resume Summary or Objective : This is a brief statement at the top of your resume. It should highlight your career achievements and aspirations. Tailor it to reflect how you're a great fit for the specific job you're applying for.
• Professional Experience: List your past jobs in reverse chronological order. Include your title, the company name, dates of employment, and a brief description of your responsibilities and achievements in each role.
• Skills (Hard and Soft): Highlight both your technical skills (like programming languages or marketing tools) and soft skills (like communication or problem-solving ). Tailor these to match the job description.
• Education : Include your most recent and relevant educational experiences. List the degree, the institution, and the year of graduation. You can also mention academic honors or extracurricular activities if they're relevant (I.e.: if you’re a recent graduate or entry-level professional).
• Optional Sections : If you have leftover space on your resume, you can include optional sections such as any languages you speak, any volunteer work you’ve done, your certifications or personal projects, as well as your hobbies and interests .

Are you wondering if you should write a CV or resume ? Read our article to find out what the differences are!

What to Include in Your Cover Letter

A cover letter is your chance to make a personal connection with the employer. It complements your resume by bringing your experiences to life. Here’s what you should include:

• Contact Information: Just like your resume, start with your name, phone number, and email. No need for your address, but including your LinkedIn profile could be a nice touch.
• Addressing the Hiring Manager: It's important to address your cover letter to the right person. If you can, find out the name of the hiring manager and address them directly (like "Dear Ms. Smith"). This personal touch shows you've put in the extra effort and makes your letter feel more tailored and respectful.
• Introduction: Grab their attention. Start with a concise introduction about who you are and why you're interested in the role. A compelling opener can make a big difference.
• Why You’re Interested in the Role: Explain what drew you to the job. Be specific about why the company or the role excites you. This shows you've done your homework.
• Your Relevant Experience and Skills: Here's where you match your skills to the job description. Use specific examples from your past to show how you've used these skills effectively to show the hiring manager why they should hire you.
• Conclusion and Call to Action : Wrap it up by reiterating your interest and thank the reader for their time. A proactive closing, like mentioning your eagerness to discuss your application in an interview, leaves a strong final impression.

13 Resume Examples

Are you wondering what a great resume looks like? Here are 13 resumes for different professions to inspire you:

#1. Business Analyst Resume Example

Check out our full guide to writing a business analyst resume here.

#2. Digital Marketing Resume Example

Check out our full guide to writing a digital marketing resume here.

#3. Software Engineer Resume Example

Check out our full guide to writing a software engineer resume here.

#4. Construction Project Manager Resume Example

Check out our full guide to writing a construction project manager resume here.

#5. Customer Service Resume Example

Check out our full guide to writing a customer service resume here.

#6. High School Resume Example

Check out our full guide to writing a high school resume here.

#7. Student Resume Example

Check out our full guide to writing a student resume here.

#8. Server Resume Example

Check out our full guide to writing a server resume here.

#9. Actor Resume Example

Check out our full guide to writing an actor resume here.

#10. Web Developer Resume Example

Check out our full guide to writing a web developer resume here.

#11. Engineering Resume Example

Check out our full guide to writing an engineering resume here.

#12. Computer Science Resume Example

Check out our full guide to writing a computer science resume here.

#13. Architect Resume Example 

Check out our full guide to writing an architect resume here.

13 Cover Letter Examples

And here are some cover letter examples to take your application from great to perfect:

#1. Customer Service Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a customer service cover letter here.

#2. Marketing Executive Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a marketing executive cover letter here.

#3. Medical Assistant Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a medical assistant cover letter here.

#4. Consultant Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a consultant cover letter here.

#5. College Student Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a college student cover letter here.

#6. Retail Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a retail cover letter here.

#7. Team Leader Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a team leader cover letter here.

#8. Actor Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing an actor cover letter here.

#9. Digital Marketing Cover Letter

#10. Executive Assistant Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing an executive assistant cover letter here.

#11. Finance Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a finance cover letter here.

#12. Graphic Designer Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing a graphic designer cover letter here.

#13. IT Cover Letter

Check out our full guide to writing an IT cover letter here.

Key Takeaways 

And that’s a wrap on everything you need to know about cover letters and resumes. 

Before you go and perfect your application based on what you just read, here’s a rundown of the main points we covered in this article:

• Resumes and cover letters differ in the way you format them, the tone you use when writing them, and the purpose they serve. 
• On the other hand, they also have similarities. For example, they’re typically the same length and need to be tailored to the job you’re applying for. 
• On your resume, make sure to include your contact information, resume summary, work experience, education, skills, and other optional sections. 
• Meanwhile, in your cover letter, you should first include a header with both your and the hiring manager’s contact information. Then you should address the hiring manager, write a captivating introduction, talk about your achievements and skills, and wrap up with a call to action and a professional signature line. 

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More From Forbes

Cover letter vs resume: here are the key differences.

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As a job seeker you need to be ready with both a resume and a cover letter.

You need both a resume and cover letter in your job search.

Most job applications require a resume right away, and the best resumes are matched to the jobs you are targeting. Some jobs posted on LinkedIn allow you to “Easy Apply” with just your LinkedIn profile (so you should optimize your LinkedIn profile too) but even with these jobs you often have the opportunity to attach a resume in addition to your LinkedIn profile. If your resume has more details (or different details) than your LinkedIn profile, you’ll want your application to include both.

Not every job posting requests or even allows a cover letter, but sometimes it’s required to move forward. Even when it’s optional, submitting a cover letter puts an additional piece of marketing yourself in front of prospective employers, so take that opportunity (and do what you can to maximize the chance that employers will read your cover letter ). The cover letter is not redundant to your resume. Here are the key differences:

1 - Structure of a resume vs cover letter

The most obvious difference is that the cover letter looks different than the resume. The cover letter is a business letter, or even if it’s the shorter, more casual email version, it’s still structured like a letter. On the other hand, the resume is structured like an outline of your career trajectory. Sections include your contact information, a summary of highlights, experience, education and additional information, such as technical skills, volunteer work and interests.

2 - Voice of a resume vs cover letter

Since the cover letter and resume are structured differently, your voice (i.e., how you express yourself) comes across differently with each tool. The resume is written in bullet points, which is sufficient for getting the information across, but not so much your personality. Don’t be cute with your resume in an effort to show your personality – it just looks unprofessional. I once received a resume printed on a page with a banana (yes, the fruit) in the background. The resume header said, “I’m ripening”. Perhaps, the resume writer wanted to different enough to be remembered. I do remember that resume, but not for the right reasons!

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Your personality has more of a chance to shine through in your cover letter. The cover letter is written in prose, so even though it also shares information like the resume, the details unfold in complete sentences – ideally like a story, if you write a compelling cover letter. You are not bound to specific sections like the resume, with experience in one place, education in another, etc. Unlike the resume, you are also not restricted to reverse chronological order. You can decide to group information differently and to jump around in time, depending on what details you want to highlight. The choices you make reflect your voice and message.

3 - How employers use the resume vs cover letter

Given the different ways a cover letter and resume dispense information, employers use these tools differently. Recruiters skim resumes in second, looking at your career chronology – is there a clear progression of increasing responsibility? Are there long employment gaps or short job tenures that need further explanation? Do the skills and experience listed on the resume match what the job requires?

The cover letter showcases your communication skills and style. If the job opening requires writing ability, the cover letter is the first proof point employers see. The cover letter also can highlight things that aren’t obvious from the resume or anticipate and explain potential objections to your candidacy. For example, if you have employment gaps or short job tenures that an employer will see from your resume, you can explain what you accomplished during your unemployed time, or that your short job tenures were because you followed your mentor from job-to-job. If your relevant skills and experience is from school or other non-work activity, your cover letter can highlight these in a way that may get overlooked in the resume.

4 - How you should use your resume vs cover letter

Since the cover letter and resume have such different structures, voice and impact on the employer, you need to differentiate how you are using these tools. Do you thoughtfully choose what to include in your cover letter and not just summarize what’s already in your resume? Does your cover letter highlight the skills and experience that match your dream job? Does your cover letter explain away any red flags from your resume?

Your resume can serve as an audit of your career. Does your experience section show progress over time? Are the results and responsibilities you elaborate on in each job tangible and translatable to the jobs you are targeting? Does your education reflect continuous learning (or are you at least learning new skills on the job)? Is your Summary right at the top of the resume a reflection of your range of experience and expertise, as well as directly relevant to the level and scope of job you want?

A strong resume and cover letter are just one part of your job search kit

You need both a resume and a cover letter. You also need a strong LinkedIn profile, not just for Easy Apply jobs, but also because, when you network during your job search, people will look you up online. Then, since you’ll be networking, you need a strong networking pitch to introduce yourself. If these marketing tools get you in the door, you’ll need strong interviewing skills (e.g., starting strong , not rambling , answering difficult questions ) to land the job.

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What's the Difference Between a Cover Letter vs a Resume?

Knowing what makes a cover letter and resume different will prevent you from making a mistake and maximize your chances of getting hired.

Your resume gives employers an overview of your professional skills and experience. It offers a snapshot of your career progression. On the other hand, cover letters offer a more personal introduction. It focuses on highlighting why you’re the ideal candidate for a role. A cover letter is where you can explicitly explain why your background aligns with what the company is looking for. 

Cover letters are where you can let your personality shine. It’s an opportunity to highlight and explain how your background makes you uniquely qualified for a particular job position in a company. In contrast, resumes allow you to concisely present your work history, professional growth, and significant achievements from a logical perspective. 

So, cover letter vs resume: do you need to know more about the differences?

Knowing what makes a cover letter and resume different will prevent you from making a mistake and maximize your chances of getting hired. There are some things that don’t belong in a resume that should go on your cover letter instead.

A resume is a concise summary of your work experience and skills, while a cover letter is a personalized document that explains why you're a strong fit for a specific job and expresses your enthusiasm for the role.

Even though both forms of applications are designed to sell yourself, they both take a different approach.

Cover Letter vs Resume: The Key Differences

A resume is a brief, one to two-page document that highlights your work experience , skills, and qualifications, typically in a reverse chronological format. A cover letter , on the other hand, introduces you to the employer, explains why you are a strong candidate for the position, and how your qualifications match the job requirements.

Why Write a Resume?

You write a resume to give hiring managers an overview of your professional background. 

The main thing recruiters are looking for is relevant work experience . A good resume is professionally formatted and easy to navigate. In other words, list previous experience and mention relevant achievements that demonstrate the extent of your skills. 

With a resume, you can showcase a linear career history alongside steady growth. Ultimately, it should be factual and logical. 

Resumes are typically a mandatory requirement for almost all job applications, whereas, cover letters can be optional .

Why Write a Cover Letter?

You write a cover letter to directly explain why the company should hire you. This doesn’t mean you should blatantly write paragraphs praising yourself. It’s about making it clear that you’re genuinely interested in working for the company and explaining how your background makes you a qualified candidate. 

Unlike a resume, cover letters allow you to shed light on your personality. You have more room to express yourself. 

Resumes are for giving recruiters a concise report that shows you have all the relevant skills and experience for carrying out the job responsibilities. Cover letters are for elaborating and putting together a thoughtful message that tells hiring managers why they should hire you. 

As your resume focuses more on what makes you qualified, your cover letter complements that by showing why it makes you the best candidate.

You might also find our other cover letter guides useful: 

• What is The Purpose of a Cover Letter? Here’s What You Need to Know
• How to Write a Cover Letter for Any Job (Including Tips & Examples)

What a Resume Includes 

Resumes do not resemble the structure and format of a cover letter. Rather, it can be seen more like a formal documented report that’s made up of different sections which focus on specific areas. 

Here are all the key bits of information that a resume needs to include: 

• Contact details
• Professional summary 
• List of previous job titles and projects, as well as key achievements and responsibilities, using data to emphasize the impact of your contributions
• Formal qualifications, certifications, and licenses
• Hard and soft skills in the skills section 
• Any additional certifications, relevant experience, or qualifications that help highlight your skills

Let’s break down Rezi’s HR Resume Template below:

Notice how this resume uses clear headers to label each section. 

Firstly, at the top of the resume is the header section which includes your contact information and location.

As we get into the main part of the resume, each section is made clear by a heading. To highlight the candidate’s job position and the company that they’ve worked for, or other key points, the font size is usually larger and made bold. 

Also, compared to cover letters, resumes will mainly use bullet points to provide a description under each section. 

What a Cover Letter Includes 

The standard cover letter includes the following: 

• Contact details, as well as the company name and date. 
• Opening paragraph—mention career highlights and show that you align in values.
• Main body—directly show that you have what it takes to address specific company needs. 
• Thank-you note and reiteration of enthusiasm. 
• Professional sign-off.

While resumes can be seen as a formal overview of your professional background, cover letters are a formal letter that further explains why you're a good fit for the role.

This time, let’s break down Rezi’s HR Cover Letter Template below:

In contrast to a resume, the cover letter header section takes a lot less space.

It begins with a formal greeting before getting into the opening paragraph, which then explains why the candidate is making an application. They’ve also introduced themselves by providing a brief background.

The next few paragraphs in the main body showcases the candidate’s skills and explains the behind the scenes of what they were responsible for. Along with this, they’re also providing their own personal input. 

Where a resume is made up of sections that focus on different areas, cover letters focus on different areas too but it uses paragraphs instead.

However, a cover letter is more detailed and showcases your personality more than a resume.

The Format of a Resume and Cover Letter 

We’ve established that the formats of both applications are different. 

That doesn’t mean they should be completely separate from each other - it still needs to be somewhat consistent.  

For example, you should still be using the same font style and font size.

Also, for cover letters, you should always aim for a one-page cover letter and no further than that. One-page resumes are just as effective, and two-page resumes work when you have a lot of experience to talk about.

When sending over your application electronically, the file type for both your resume and cover letter should be sent as a PDF file with an appropriate file name.

Key differences between cover letter and resume

At this point, we’ve got the bigger picture of the fundamental differences between resumes and cover letters. But, there are a few more differences to know. 

Your resume is more of an overview while your cover letter goes more into the specifics. 

From both applications, you’re selling yourself by showcasing your skills and background. Your resume focuses more on what makes you the best candidate and your cover letter focuses more on why you’re the best candidate.

The Tone of Voice for a Cover Letter

Compared to your resume, the tone of voice for cover letters are friendlier and more conversational. 

Since you should be showing your enthusiasm on your cover letter, you have more freedom to be a bit more subjective and personal. However, that doesn’t mean you can talk to the hiring managers like they’re a close friend . 

Whenever you do make an opinion-based statement, just make sure you provide evidence so you don’t come off as arrogant. 

The Tone of Voice for a Resume

As mentioned earlier, resumes take on a more factual approach. Think of it as a scientific perspective to your job application as opposed to being more personal. 

Unlike a cover letter, the tone of voice for resumes tend to be more formal. 

Cover Letters Complement Resumes 

Most of the time, resumes are the main job posting requirement and cover letters may not be necessary. 

Where ats resume focus on proving you're qualified for the role and that you meet the main requirements, your cover letter prioritizes the “why” aspect for what makes you the best person to hire. With this complementary aspect, it can improve your overall application and help the recruiters make their hiring decision .

Resumes are more difficult to distinguish from one another. On the other hand, cover letters are more noticeable.

With cover letters, it’s easier for the hiring managers to determine which candidate is a better fit for their company culture. And, seeing whose mindset is more aligned with their mission and long-term goals. 

Here are the key takeaways:

• Resumes are like a formal report—they summarize your skills, work experience, and qualifications.
• Cover letters are a documented letter structured in paragraphs which explains in detail why you’re the best fit for a particular job position at a company.
• Resumes will take a more scientific, logical approach, whereas cover letters can take a more personal approach.
• Cover letters complement your resume by going in-depth into how you can contribute to the organization.

Cover letters aren’t always needed, but resumes are almost always mandatory. 

That doesn’t mean you should skip your cover letter. When it’s well-written, it can help you increase your chances of getting noticed.

With Rezi’s AI-powered ATS templates , you can create a job-specific resume and a tailored cover letter that will beat the resume scanners within a few clicks. 

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Astley Cervania

Astley Cervania is a career writer and editor who has helped hundreds of thousands of job seekers build resumes and cover letters that land interviews. He is a Rezi-acknowledged expert in the field of career advice and has been delivering job success insights for 4+ years, helping readers translate their work background into a compelling job application.

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Resume vs. Cover Letter (Thoughtful Tips)

• When crafting your job application, understanding the difference between a resume and a cover letter is key:
• Your resume is a formal document that summarizes your work experience, education, skills, and achievements. Think of it as a highlight reel of your professional life, laid out in a concise format that typically spans one to two pages. Tailoring your resume for each job application can significantly increase your chances of catching an employer’s eye.
• Your cover letter is a more personal, detailed letter addressed to the hiring manager. This document gives you the chance to elaborate on your qualifications and explain how your skills make you the perfect fit for the job. Unlike the resume, a cover letter allows you to express your enthusiasm for the position and the company, and to tell a compelling story about your career journey. Generally, a cover letter should not exceed one page.

Using these documents effectively can make a tremendous difference in your job hunt. Your resume opens the door, and your cover letter invites the employer inside for a closer look at what you offer. Make sure you highlight different facets of your experience in each document to provide a well-rounded picture of who you are as a professional.

• Resume: Keep it short, professional, and to the point. Use bullet points to list your experiences and accomplishments.
• Cover Letter: Write in a conversational tone and show your personality. Connect your skills directly to the job requirements.

Related: How to Perfectly Organize Sections of a Resume (Examples)

How To Write a Perfect Cover Letter [Best Templates]

Purpose of a Resume

Showcasing skills and experiences.

Your resume serves as a showcase, letting employers quickly see your professional background. You want to list relevant work history, displaying where you’ve worked and what you’ve accomplished there. Make sure to highlight:

• Specialized skills : These could be technical skills like proficiency in a foreign language or software.
• Relevant experiences : Tailor this section to the job you’re applying for, emphasizing positions and tasks that align with the new role.

Highlighting Achievements

Beyond work history, your resume should shine a light on your achievements. They could be:

• Awards or recognition : Any honors that show you stand out in your field.
• Successful projects : Briefly mention projects you led or contributed to that had positive outcomes.
• Quantifiable results : Use numbers to demonstrate how you’ve made an impact, such as percentages to highlight sales growth or efficiency improvements.

Related: How To List Certifications on a Resume (Examples)

How to Email a Resume to an Employer (Examples)

Purpose of a Cover Letter

Personalized introduction.

In a cover letter, your first impression counts a great deal. This is your opportunity to create a personal connection with the hiring manager. You should use this space to speak directly to the job description, match your skills and experiences with the job requirements, and show your personality. Starting off with a strong, attention-grabbing introduction can set the tone for the rest of the letter and encourage the employer to read on.

Expression of Interest

Your cover letter is where your interest for the position and the company shines through. Unlike a resume that lists qualifications, a cover letter allows you to express why you are drawn to the job and what makes the company attractive to you. Mention specific aspects of the company culture, projects, or the position itself that motivate you to apply. Once you’ve stated your interest, back it up with why you believe you would be an asset, utilizing specific examples from past experiences to bolster your claims.

Related: How to Send an Email Cover Letter (Examples)

• Cover Letter vs. Letter of Interest vs. Letter of Intent

Customizing Your Application

When applying for jobs, tailoring your resume and cover letter to each position can set you apart from the crowd.

• Highlight Relevant Experience : Pinpoint the skills and experiences in the job listing and make sure they are prominent on your resume.
• Use Keywords : Many companies use software to screen resumes. Incorporate relevant keywords from the job description to ensure your resume passes through.
• Reorder Bullet Points : Adjust the order of bullet points under each role to showcase the most relevant experience at the top.

Cover Letters:

• Personalize Your Greeting : Whenever possible, address the cover letter to a specific person. A little research goes a long way.
• Connect the Dots : Explicitly describe how your skills and experiences make you an ideal candidate for the specific role.
• Mention the Company : Show that you have done your homework by referencing recent news or events related to the company to which you’re applying.

Fine-Tuning Both:

• Align both documents in terms of font and design to ensure they are consistent and professional.
• Carefully read the job description and research the company culture to help match your tone and language.

Employers appreciate candidates who make an effort to present themselves as a good fit. Simple adjustments and a keen eye for detail can propel your application to the top of the pile.

Common Questions Regarding Length

The length of your resume and cover letter are key to making sure your application gets the right kind of attention. Keeping these documents concise and relevant can significantly influence a hiring manager’s impression.

Ideal Resume Length

Your resume length should reflect your experience and the position you’re applying for, but generally, a one-page resume is ideal for recent graduates or those with a few years of work experience. For professionals with extensive experience, a two-page resume can adequately showcase their work history and skills. Stick to the most relevant information and achievements that align with the job description. Use bullet points to organize your skills and experiences, making them easier to read.

Related: Can a Resume Be 2 Pages? Best Practices

Appropriate Cover Letter Length

A cover letter should be no more than one page, consisting of three to four paragraphs. The first paragraph should grab attention by stating the job you’re applying for and summarizing your fit for the role. The second and third paragraphs should provide examples of your achievements and experiences that relate directly to the job requirements. Conclude with a strong closing statement expressing your enthusiasm for the role and the value you’d bring to the team. Select each word carefully to make a compelling case for your candidacy.

Tailoring Content to Job Descriptions

When crafting your resume and cover letter, aligning your qualifications with the job description can set you apart. Employers often use specific keywords and qualifications within job postings to describe the ideal candidate. Matching these with the language of your resume and cover letter shows that you have the skills and experience they’re looking for.

• Scan the job description for keywords related to skills, experiences, and qualities required for the position. For example, if the job description highlights “strong analytical skills,” ensure your resume notes your experience with data analysis, using the exact phrase where possible.
• Use bullet points to demonstrate how your past work aligns with these keywords. If a job description asks for someone with “proven sales success,” list your sales achievements clearly, such as “Exceeded sales targets by 20% consecutively for the last three quarters.”
• In your cover letter, it’s beneficial to weave in narratives that reflect how you’ve applied the desired skills in a professional setting. Suppose the employer is looking for a “team player.” In that case, you might share a concise story of how you collaborated with a team on a successful project, focusing on your contribution and the positive outcome.
• Don’t forget to customize the title of your resume and the salutation of your cover letter. Addressing the hiring manager directly and having a resume title that reflects the job you’re applying for demonstrates that you’ve taken the time to personalize your application documents.

Explaining Gaps in Employment

When you have gaps in your employment history, addressing them effectively in your resume or cover letter can help you maintain a strong candidacy.

Be Honest: You should explain any significant time away from the workplace truthfully. Whether you took time off for personal reasons, such as caring for a family member, or to pursue further education, it’s important to be straightforward about it.

Focus on Growth: Use positive language to describe what you learned or accomplished during the gap. For example, if you traveled, talk about how the experience enhanced your communication skills or cultural awareness.

• If you pursued education, highlight how it has prepared you for the job you’re applying for.
• For periods of caregiving or personal projects, mention any relevant skills or experiences that could be beneficial in the workplace.

Keep It Brief and Relevant: Offer a concise explanation; there’s no need to provide extensive details. Connect your activities during the gap to the job at hand, showing potential employers how your time was well-spent in terms of personal and professional development.

Use Your Cover Letter: Your cover letter is the perfect place to address employment gaps. It allows you to tell your story in a natural, narrative way. Here, you can provide context that your resume can’t convey on its own.

• Mention any freelance or part-time work, volunteer activities, or continuous learning efforts during your employment gaps.

Ensure your tone remains confident and focus on the future, reassuring employers that you’re ready and eager to contribute to their team. Related: Confidently Explain Employment Gaps on Your Resume (Examples)

Addressing Career Changes

When you’re steering through a career change, both your resume and cover letter play pivotal roles in highlighting your transferable skills. On your resume, focus on experiences that relate directly to the job you’re applying for, regardless of the industry. Use bullet points to call attention to projects and roles where skills like leadership, project management, and problem-solving were honed.

• Tailor your resume to show how past experiences benefit your desired role.
• Feature a Skills section to showcase applicable abilities.

Your cover letter is your chance to tell a compelling story about your career journey. Explain why you’re passionate about the new field and how your background gives you a unique perspective. Here’s where you can make a personal connection with potential employers.

• Discuss your reasons for the career shift.
• Highlight particular experiences that have prepared you for the change.

Emphasize ongoing professional development. If you’ve taken courses or acquired new certifications relevant to your new field, make sure these are prominent on your resume and mentioned in your cover letter.

• Mention any relevant certifications or courses.
• Illustrate how your continuous learning demonstrates your commitment to the new field.

Flexibility and adaptability are prized in any industry. Use action verbs in your resume and engaging language in your cover letter to reflect your ability to adapt. Convince employers that your diverse background is an asset, not a liability.

• Pick strong action verbs that convey change and adaptability.
• Relate diverse experiences as strengths in your cover narrative.
• Related: How to Write a Career Change Cover Letter [Examples]

Both documents should complement each other, telling a cohesive story of who you are as a professional and where you hope to go.

Tips for Crafting a Cohesive Message

Creating a cohesive message between your resume and cover letter can drastically improve your job application. Think of these documents as a tag team that tells your professional story.

Start Strong : Your cover letter should open with a punchy introduction that echoes the strengths highlighted in your resume. For example, if your resume begins with a focus on your project management skills, your cover letter could start with a recent success story about a project you led.

Mirror Language : Pay close attention to the job description. Use similar language and keywords in both your resume and cover letter to illustrate how your experience aligns with the job requirements.

Consistency in Details : Ensure your job titles, dates, and responsibilities match up on both documents. Consistency helps maintain professionalism and shows attention to detail.

Craft a Narrative : Your cover letter is the place to tell the story behind the bullet points on your resume. Use it to build a narrative around your career progression and how it makes you a great fit for the job.

Highlight Transferrable Skills : If you’re changing industries, use your cover letter to connect the dots between your past experience and the new role. Demonstrating how your skills transfer increases the impact of your resume.

Close with a Call to Action : End your cover letter with an invitation to discuss how your background and the job are a match. This proactive approach can be the nudge an employer needs to review your resume with interest.

Tailoring both to each job application demonstrates that you’ve put in the effort to understand what the employer is looking for and how you fit into that picture.

Handling Online Application Systems

When navigating online application systems, you’ll often find two main sections: one for uploading your resume and another for your cover letter. Each company’s system may be unique, but generally, your resume should be a concise document highlighting work experience, skills, and education. Your cover letter, on the other hand, is your chance to tell a story about your background and express why you’re a great fit for the role. To successfully handle these systems:

• Tailoring Your Documents : Customize both your resume and cover letter for the job you’re applying for. Use keywords from the job description which automated systems might scan for.
• Format Matters : Stick to standard file formats like PDF or Word documents unless the system specifies otherwise. For a resume , use clear, simple formatting, and avoid images or graphics that might confuse resume parsing software.
• Follow Instructions : Pay close attention to file size limits and naming conventions. If the system asks for your resume to be titled in a certain way (e.g., “LastName_Resume”), make sure you follow those guidelines.
• Technical Checks : Before hitting the submit button, confirm that your documents have uploaded correctly. Some systems may show a preview—use this feature to verify your formatting has remained intact.
• Cover Letter Content : While your resume is factual, use your cover letter to demonstrate your enthusiasm and personality. Write about relevant experiences that align with the job requirements and show your unique value.

In summary, the main goal is to ensure both your resume and cover letter properly represent your skills and work history within the constraints of the online application system. Take your time to do this right, as a well-presented application can make a strong first impression.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the key differences between a resume and a cover letter.

A resume is a concise document detailing your work experience, skills, and education, formatted in bullet points and typically not exceeding one page. A cover letter, conversely, is a one-page letter that provides a narrative about your experiences, explaining how they align with the job requirements and express why you’re enthusiastic about the opportunity. A cover letter allows you to tell your story, explaining why you’re the perfect candidate. It’s your chance to provide context and connect your skills and experience to the specific job requirements.

How should a cover letter be structured compared to a resume?

A cover letter typically follows a more structured format, like a letter, starting with a salutation, followed by an introduction, body paragraphs, and closing. Your introduction should show enthusiasm for the position and company, and the body paragraphs should highlight your relevant experiences and explain why you’re a suitable candidate. In contrast, a resume uses headings and bullet points to convey information in a clear, concise, and well-organized manner, focusing on your work history, education, skills, and accomplishments.

What main details should be included in a cover letter that aren’t in a resume?

In a cover letter, you should focus on specific experiences and skills that directly relate to the job requirements. This is where you can explain how your background aligns with the company’s needs and share examples that demonstrate your achievements and abilities. You should also address any gaps or unique circumstances in your resume, such as employment gaps or career changes.

What should be included in a cover letter to make it stand out to employers?

Your cover letter should include a compelling introduction, a brief overview of your most relevant accomplishments, and a personal connection to the company or role. Highlight experiences that are closely related to the job at hand and use metrics when possible to quantify achievements.

When is a cover letter more important than a resume?

A cover letter is often more important when you’re applying for roles where your soft skills, motivation, or personal characteristics are crucial factors. It’s also vital when you’re transitioning to a new career or if your work history isn’t a perfect match for the job requirements. In these instances, your cover letter can help communicate your passion, determination, and transferable skills.

Can you use the same cover letter for different job applications?

While it might save you time, using the same cover letter for multiple jobs is not recommended. Hiring managers can easily spot a generic cover letter, and it doesn’t show your genuine interest in the specific job or company. Instead, tailor each cover letter to the specific job you’re applying for, emphasizing your skills and experiences relevant to that position.

How do you match your resume and cover letter to a specific job position?

To match your resume and cover letter to a specific job, start by closely reviewing the job description. Make note of the key requirements and qualifications mentioned. Next, in your cover letter, emphasize your experiences and skills that directly address these needs. In your resume, consider adjusting your bullet points or skills section to highlight relevant experiences. This way, both documents showcase your suitability for the position and make you a stronger candidate.

How can showcasing your career goals and enthusiasm in a cover letter influence a hiring manager’s decision?

Demonstrating genuine enthusiasm for the role and the company can give you an edge. Discuss your long-term career goals and how they align with the company’s vision. This can indicate your intent to grow with the company and contribute meaningfully, which can be persuasive to the hiring manager.

• How to Send an Email Cover Letter (Examples)
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• Career Blog

The Difference Between Cover Letter vs. Resume in 2024

When it comes to job search, writing a cover letter and resume are two crucial steps to landing interviews. A cover letter is a document that accompanies a resume and provides a brief overview of the candidate’s qualifications and interests, while a resume is a formal document which highlights an individual’s work experience, educational background, professional achievements, and relevant skills.

Why are they important?

Cover letters and resumes are important because they play a vital role in the hiring process. They are often the first impression a potential employer has of a job candidate, and serve as a means for employers to assess a candidate’s skills, experience, and compatibility with the role they are applying for. A well-written cover letter and resume can set a candidate apart from the competition and increase their chances of securing an interview.

Overview of differences

While cover letters and resumes serve different purposes, they are both important components of a successful job application. One key difference is that a resume focuses more on a candidate’s skills and work experience, while a cover letter provides an opportunity for the candidate to showcase their personality and explain why they are interested in the position. Additionally, a cover letter allows a candidate to address any gaps in their resume or explain aspects that may not be immediately apparent to a potential employer.

In essence, both cover letters and resumes are tools that job seekers can use to market themselves effectively to potential employers. Understanding the differences between the two and knowing how to craft them effectively can make all the difference in landing that dream job.

Content Differences

When it comes to job hunting, crafting a cover letter and a resume are essential to making a strong first impression. However, it’s important to understand the differences between the two so you can optimize the content and increase your chances of landing an interview.

What does a cover letter contain?

A cover letter is a brief document that typically accompanies a resume. It’s a way to introduce yourself to the employer and highlight your relevant skills and experience. The goal of a cover letter is to persuade the reader to consider your resume and invite you to an interview.

A well-written cover letter should contain the following elements:

• An introduction that includes the job you’re applying for and your reason for writing
• A summary of your skills and experience that are relevant to the job
• A section that highlights your achievements and accomplishments
• A strong closing statement that thanks the employer for considering your application and expresses your interest in the position.

What does a resume contain?

On the other hand, a resume is a more comprehensive document that provides a detailed overview of your professional experience, skills, and achievements. Its purpose is to showcase your qualifications and convince the employer to hire you.

Your resume should include the following information:

• Your contact information
• A professional summary that highlights your skills and experience
• Your work history, starting with the most recent position
• Your education, training, and certifications
• Your skills and personal qualities that are relevant to the job

Importance of tailoring content to the job

One of the most crucial aspects of creating a strong cover letter and resume is tailoring the content to the job you’re applying for. This means customizing your documents to match the skills, requirements, and culture of the company you’re interested in.

By tailoring your job application to the specific needs of the employer, you’re showing that you’re a good match for the role and the company. It also demonstrates that you’re invested in the company and took the time to research and learn about its needs.

To tailor your cover letter and resume effectively, you need to:

• Research the company and the job posting
• Analyze the job requirements and match them to your skills and experience
• Use relevant keywords and phrases from the job posting in your documents
• Highlight your achievements and accomplishments that are relevant to the job

Understanding the differences between a cover letter and a resume and tailoring them to the job you’re applying for can make a significant difference in your job search success. Spend time crafting these documents and make sure they reflect your most relevant skills and experience.

Formatting Differences

When it comes to creating a cover letter and a resume, there are distinct formatting differences that need to be considered. Here are a few key differences:

Differences in layout and structure

Unlike a resume which has a standardized structure including headings such as “Work Experience,” “Skills,” and “Education,” a cover letter is typically a bit more freeform. It should focus on telling a story about who you are, what you’ve accomplished and why you’re the best fit for the role.

Importance of visual appeal

Your resume and cover letter are a direct representation of you as a candidate. Therefore, it’s important to ensure they have visual appeal. This means using a font that is easy to read, adequate spacing between lines and paragraphs, bullets and numbering for lists, and most importantly, a consistent format.

Tips for formatting

To ensure your cover letter and resume standout in a sea of applicants, here are a few tips to follow:

• Use a standard font such as Times New Roman, Arial or Calibri.
• Use 1-inch margins and spacing of 1.15 or 1.5 between lines and paragraphs.
• Use bold and italics sparingly to emphasize key points.
• Use bullet points and numbered lists where appropriate.
• Ensure your formatting is consistent throughout your document.

By following these tips, your cover letter and resume will be well-formatted, visually appealing and stand out to potential employers.

Purpose Differences

When applying for a job, it’s important to know the differences between a cover letter and a resume, as they both serve different purposes in the job application process.

Purpose of a cover letter

A cover letter is a document that explains why you’re interested in the job and how your skills and experience make you a good fit for the position. It’s essentially a personalized introduction that highlights your qualifications, achievements and career goals. A cover letter is an opportunity to showcase your personality and demonstrate your enthusiasm for the job, as well as your ability to communicate effectively.

Purpose of a resume

On the other hand, a resume is a comprehensive summary of your work history, education, skills, abilities and other relevant information. Its primary purpose is to provide potential employers with an overview of your professional experience and qualifications. A resume is typically designed to be scanned quickly, so it’s important to make it easy to read and to highlight the most important information clearly.

How they work together

While a cover letter and a resume serve different purposes, they still work together to provide a complete picture of the job applicant. The cover letter supplements the resume by providing more context around your qualifications and experience, and by showcasing your personality and communication skills.

When writing your cover letter, you should refer specifically to the job posting and show how your skills and experience align with the requirements of the job. You can also use it to explain any gaps or inconsistencies in your work history or qualifications, which may not be immediately apparent from your resume alone.

Your resume, on the other hand, should be tailored to the specific job you’re applying for, highlighting the skills and experience that are most relevant to the position. While your cover letter can provide more context around your qualifications, your resume should be concise and to-the-point, focusing on the most important aspects of your work history and academic background.

The two documents work together to create a complete and compelling presentation of your qualifications and experience, helping you to stand out from other job applicants and get noticed by potential employers. By understanding the purpose of each document and crafting them carefully and thoughtfully, you can maximize your chances of landing your dream job.

Target Audience Differences

When applying for a job, it’s important to understand the differences in the audience that will be reading your cover letter and resume. Knowing who will be reading each document will help you tailor your message to meet their needs and expectations.

Who Reads Cover Letters?

Cover letters are typically read by the hiring manager or recruiter. These individuals are responsible for screening resumes and selecting candidates to move forward in the hiring process. Cover letters are your opportunity to introduce yourself and make a great first impression.

Who Reads Resumes?

Resumes are typically read by the hiring manager or recruiter, but they may also be reviewed by other members of the hiring team, such as HR or department heads. Resumes provide an overview of your work experience, skills, and qualifications.

What Each Audience is Looking For

Hiring managers and recruiters.

Hiring managers and recruiters are looking for candidates who can meet the requirements of the job and fit in with the company culture. When they read a cover letter, they want to see that you have taken the time to research the company and understand what they do. They also want to see that you have the skills and experience needed for the job.

When reading a resume, hiring managers and recruiters are looking for a clear summary of your work history and accomplishments. They want to see that you have relevant experience in the field and that you have achieved measurable results. They also want to see that you have the skills and qualifications necessary for the job.

HR and Department Heads

When HR and department heads review resumes, they are often looking for specific qualifications, such as degrees, certifications, or professional experience. They want to see that you have the credentials needed to be considered for the job.

Department heads may also be looking for candidates who have a strong background in the specific area of the company that they oversee. For example, a marketing manager might be looking for a candidate who has experience with social media marketing or email marketing campaigns.

Usage Differences

One of the most common questions job seekers have is, “when should I use a cover letter versus a resume?” The answer largely depends on the purpose of the document and what information you want to convey. Let’s dive into the specifics:

When to Use a Cover Letter

A cover letter is an introduction to your resume and should be used when you want to provide a more personalized touch to your job application. You should use a cover letter when:

• You want to showcase your writing skills and ability to communicate effectively.
• You are applying for a job that specifically requires a cover letter. Always read the job posting and follow the application instructions provided.
• You want to explain certain things about your resume or qualifications that may not be immediately apparent, such as gaps in employment, relocation plans, or a career change.
• You want to express your enthusiasm for the company or job opportunity and make a memorable impression on the hiring manager.

A cover letter is your chance to highlight your personality, enthusiasm, and professional writing skills. It’s an opportunity to connect with the employer on a deeper level and stand out from other applicants.

When to Use a Resume

A resume is a comprehensive summary of your professional experience, skills, and education. It should be used when you want to provide a detailed account of your qualifications for a particular job. You should use a resume when:

• You want to demonstrate your achievements and accomplishments in previous roles.
• You want to provide a detailed overview of your skills, experience and education relevant to the position.
• You are applying for jobs that request a resume only or if the company does not specify that a cover letter is required.

A resume is a professional document designed to convey your work experience and accomplishments in a concise and formatted manner. It typically follows a standard format, highlighting core information that is relevant to the role you are applying to.

How to Determine Which to Use

In most cases, submitting both a cover letter and a resume is ideal, especially when applying for professional positions. However, there may be instances where submitting one or the other is sufficient.

Here are some tips to determine whether to use a cover letter or a resume:

• Always read the job posting carefully to see what documents are requested.
• If a cover letter is requested, submit one in addition to your resume.
• If there is no mention of a cover letter and you are unsure whether to include one, contact the company and ask. It’s better to verify than to assume.
• Consider the level of formality of the job you are applying to. For example, a cover letter may be more appropriate for a role in public relations, communications or advertising, where a strong writing ability is essential.
• If it’s unclear which to use and both are optional, assess whether your resume can stand alone or if additional explanations or enthusiasm should be highlighted.

Tone Differences

The tone of your cover letter and resume is crucial in determining the impression you make on potential employers. Maintaining a professional tone is essential, and there are some key differences in tone between cover letters and resumes that you should be aware of. In this section, we will discuss how to maintain a professional tone in both documents, explore the differences in tone between cover letters and resumes, and provide tips for finding the right tone.

How to maintain a professional tone

To maintain a professional tone in your cover letter and resume, it is essential to use formal language, avoid slang or jargon, and avoid overly emotional or personal statements. Use a neutral tone and stick to the facts, focusing on your qualifications and experiences. Proofread your documents carefully to ensure that your writing is clear, concise, and error-free.

Differences in tone between cover letters and resumes

While your resume is a more formal document, your cover letter is more of a personal introduction. The tone of your cover letter should be friendly and engaging while still maintaining a professional tone. Your resume should highlight your skills and experience in a straightforward way, while your cover letter can explore your personality, passion for the industry, and enthusiasm for the position you’re applying for.

Tips for finding the right tone

To find the right tone for your cover letter and resume, research the company and the position you’re applying for. Look at the company’s website and social media pages to get a sense of their values, culture, and tone. Pay attention to the language used in the job listing and use similar language in your documents. Tailor your writing to the specific company and position, and don’t be afraid to let your personality shine through in your cover letter.

Maintaining a professional tone is essential in both your cover letter and resume. While there are differences in tone between the two documents, both should highlight your skills, experience, and qualifications in a clear and concise way. By researching the company and position you’re applying for and tailoring your writing to their specific tone and culture, you can find the right tone for your documents and make a strong impression on potential employers.

Common Mistakes

When it comes to applying for a job, there are certain common mistakes that are made in cover letters and resumes. If done correctly, your cover letter and resume can make an excellent first impression on potential employers. Here are some common mistakes to avoid:

Common Mistakes in Cover Letters

Generic and impersonal salutations: Avoid addressing your cover letter to “To Whom It May Concern” or “Dear Sir/Madam.” Always try to address your letter to a specific person in the company.

Talking too much about yourself: Highlight your strengths and experiences that are relevant to the position you are applying for. Avoid writing too much about yourself and your personal life.

Repeating information from your resume: Your cover letter and resume should complement each other, not repeat information. Highlight specific experiences and accomplishments that you didn’t include in your resume.

Failing to explain how you can contribute: Don’t simply write about why you want the job. Instead, explain how your skills will help the company meet their goals.

Spelling and grammar mistakes: Proofread your cover letter multiple times to ensure there are no spelling or grammar mistakes. This is the first impression potential employers will have of you, so make sure it’s a good one.

Common Mistakes in Resumes

Too much information: Keep your resume concise and to the point. Your resume should be a maximum of two pages.

Non-relevant work experience: Include work experience that is relevant to the job you are applying for. Employers don’t want to see every job you’ve ever had.

Listing job responsibilities instead of accomplishments: Highlight your accomplishments and how they’ve benefited previous employers. Don’t simply list your job responsibilities.

Formatting issues: Make sure your resume is visually pleasing and easy to read. Avoid using complicated fonts, and ensure there is plenty of white space.

Failing to tailor your resume to the job: Customize your resume to fit the job description. Highlight experiences and accomplishments that are relevant to the position.

How to Avoid Common Mistakes

Research the company: Before you write your cover letter and resume, research the company and understand their values and mission.

Tailor your application: Customize your cover letter and resume to fit the job description and the company’s values.

Proofread: Proofread your application multiple times to ensure there are no spelling or grammar mistakes.

Focus on the important details: Highlight your accomplishments and how they’ve benefited previous employers. Don’t simply list job responsibilities.

Seek feedback: Have a trusted friend or colleague look over your application to provide feedback and catch any mistakes you may have missed.

By avoiding these common mistakes, you can make an excellent first impression on your potential employer and stand out from other applicants.

Tips for Writing

Whether you are applying for a new job or looking to improve your professional writing skills, understanding the differences between cover letters and resumes can make all the difference in your success. Here are some tips for writing effective cover letters and resumes, as well as best practices for writing and editing in general.

Tips for Writing a Successful Cover Letter

• Tailor your cover letter to the specific job you are applying for. Use keywords and phrases from the job description to highlight your relevant skills and experience.
• Address the hiring manager by name, if possible. This shows that you have done your research and are invested in the company and position.
• Highlight your unique qualifications and why you are the best candidate for the job. Use specific examples to demonstrate your skills and accomplishments.
• Keep your cover letter concise and to the point, typically one page or less.
• Proofread your cover letter carefully to ensure that it is error-free and professional.

Tips for Writing a Successful Resume

• Use a clear and readable font, such as Arial or Times New Roman, and keep the formatting simple and consistent.
• Focus on your most relevant and recent work experience, using bullet points to highlight your accomplishments and skills.
• Quantify your achievements and responsibilities whenever possible, using numbers and percentages to demonstrate your impact.
• Include relevant keywords and phrases from the job description, as many companies use automated applicant tracking systems to screen resumes.
• Tailor your resume to the specific job you are applying for, emphasizing the skills and experience most relevant to the position.
• Proofread your resume carefully for typos, grammatical errors, and formatting issues.

Best Practices for Writing and Editing

• Start with a clear and concise thesis or main idea, and organize your writing around this central point.
• Use active voice and strong verbs to make your writing more engaging and impactful.
• Keep your writing concise and to the point, avoiding unnecessary words and phrases.
• Use concrete examples and evidence to support your points, and avoid vague or unsubstantiated claims.
• Proofread your writing carefully, checking for grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.
• Consider seeking feedback from a trusted colleague or mentor to help improve your writing.

Understanding the differences between cover letters and resumes, and knowing how to write and edit effectively, can help you stand out in today’s competitive job market. By following these tips and best practices, you can create compelling and professional documents that showcase your skills and experience.

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The difference between a cover letter vs resumé

Job seeking is exciting, but it definitely has its challenges. Once you have found a great role to apply for, you’re faced with the prospect of competing against your peers and standing out against other talented applicants. As such, your cover letter and resumé are pivotal tools.

When preparing your job applications, it’s essential to know the difference between a cover letter and a resumé. In this article, we explore their formats, the type of information they should contain, and how they complement each other to create an extensive picture of your skills, experiences and personal attributes. 

What is a cover letter?

A cover letter is the first point of contact between you and a potential employer. Unlike a resumé , which provides a bullet-pointed summary of your skills and experiences, a cover letter allows you to directly address the employer and explain to them in your own words why you think you’re the ideal person for the job. As tricky as they can be to write, it’s always good practice to include a cover letter with a job application.

Components of a cover letter

A well-structured cover letter typically includes the following elements:

• Date and contact information : at the top, include the date of writing and your contact information.
• Salutation:  if possible, address the letter to a specific person. Using “Dear [Name]” is more personal than generic greetings like “To whom it may concern”.
• Opening paragraph:  start with a strong statement, briefly mentioning the position you’re applying for and how you learned about it.
• Body paragraphs: discuss your relevant experiences, skills and achievements. Tailor this section to the job description , demonstrating how well you match their specific criteria.
• Closing paragraph:  conclude by reiterating your enthusiasm for the role and the company. Mention any attachments, like your resumé or portfolio, and indicate your availability for an interview.
• Closing:  end with a professional closing like “Yours sincerely,” or “Best regards,” followed by your typed name.

Formatting a cover letter

Cover letters are typically formatted as traditional business letters. They should be concise and well-formatted – no more than one page and typed up in a professional-looking font, like Times New Roman, Calibri or Arial. 

What is a resumé?

Your resumé  is a bulleted summary of your education, experience, skills and achievements. It acts as a snapshot of your professional background and forms the foundation of any job application. It’s the ideal tool to show off your skills and qualifications at a glance, highlighting your most relevant jobs and responsibilities.

Components of a resumé

A standard resumé typically includes the following sections:

• Contact information: at the top, include your name, phone number, email address, SEEK profile and professional website. 
• Objective statement:  this should outline your career goals and highlight your most relevant skills and experiences.
• Professional history: list your work experience in reverse chronological order, starting with your most recent position. Include the job title, company name, location, and dates of employment. Under each role, provide bullet points of your key responsibilities and achievements.
• Educational history:  detail your educational background, starting with the highest level of education. Include the name of the institution, degree and graduation date.
• Skills and abilities:  highlight specific skills relevant to the job you’re applying for, like soft skills and hard skills . 

Formatting a resumé

Resumés should be formatted so that the information is clear and easy to scan. They should be no more than two pages long, depending on your experience. Use a professional-looking, easy-to-read font , with clear headings and bullet points for easy navigation. 

What is the difference between a cover letter and a resumé?

While both a cover letter and a resumé are important parts of a job application, they serve different purposes. Once you know the differences between these two documents, you’ll be able to use them effectively in your job hunt, so that you stand out against other job seekers.

Differences between a cover letter and a resumé

A cover letter is a personalised letter addressed to the employer explaining why you are the right fit for the position. It is a chance to address any selection criteria outlined in the job post, as well as any relevant experience you have, to show why you think you’re the ideal candidate. Cover letters are typically typed up in letter format and saved as a PDF no longer than one page.

A resumé offers a quick summary of your professional qualifications and achievements. Resumés are formatted as lists with bullet points that detail your professional history and highlight your skills. They are also generally kept to one or two pages, depending on your experience.

While both documents should be tailored to the job you are applying for, a cover letter offers more scope for personalisation. It's an opportunity to directly address the employer and convince them to give you a callback, with reasons why you’re a good fit for the role and the company. 

Does a CV include a cover letter?

A Curriculum Vitae (CV) and a cover letter complement each other in a job application, but they are separate documents. A CV is similar to a resumé, but they are actually different types of documents. A CV is typically more detailed and often used in applications for academic, scientific or research positions.

While a CV or resumé provides an in-depth look at your career, a cover letter adds a personal touch. It allows you to explain your interest in the position and how you meet the criteria listed in the job description. Together, they present a full picture of your professional abilities and enthusiasm for the role.

Cover letter example

This sample cover letter demonstrates the structure and content that can help you stand out to potential employers. Remember, this is just a template and it’s important to personalise your cover letter to each job application.

[Your name] [Your address] [Your email] [Your phone number] [Date] [Company name] [Company address]

Dear [employer's name],

I am writing to express my interest in the [job title] position listed on [where you found the job posting]. With a [degree] in [your field of study] and [number] years of experience in [your industry/field], I am confident I'd be a great fit in your team.

In my previous role at [previous company], I [describe a key achievement or experience that relates to the job, e.g., "led a team of X in developing a new product that resulted in a 20% increase in overall sales"]. I also [mention relevant selection criteria from the job ad, e.g., "project management and strategic planning"], and have extensive experience in [mention your USPs].

I am particularly drawn to this opportunity at [company name] because [mention something about the company or role that appeals to you, e.g., "I admire your commitment to innovation and excellence, and I am excited about the prospect of contributing to such a dynamic team"].

I have attached my resumé which further outlines my explerience and qualifications. I look forward to discussing this exciting opportunity with you. Thank you for considering my application. 

Yours sincerely,

[Your name]

Resumé example

This resumé example highlights the key components and formatting you should consider when crafting your own. Again, this is just a template to guide you and should be tailored to reflect your unique professional background.

[Your name] [Your address] [Your email] [Your phone number]

Professional Summary Dynamic and results-oriented [Your profession, e.g., Marketing Specialist] with over [number] years of experience in [industry/field, e.g., digital marketing and campaign management]. Proven track record of driving revenue growth. Skilled at [a couple of key skills or areas of expertise, e.g., social media strategy and content creation]. Professional Experience [Most recent job title] [Company name], [city] [Month/year started] – Present

• [Describe a key responsibility or achievement, e.g., "Led a team in designing and implementing a digital marketing strategy that increased online engagement by 30%."]
• [Another responsibility or achievement, e.g., "Managed a budget of $X and oversaw the successful launch of several online campaigns."]

Education [Degree, e.g., Bachelor of Arts in Marketing] [University name], [city] [Month/year graduated]

• [Skill 1, e.g., SEO and SEM techniques]
• [Skill 2, e.g., Proficient in Google Analytics]
• [Skill 3, e.g., Excellent communication skills]
• [Additional relevant skills outlined in job selection criteria]

Certifications (if applicable)

• [Certification name, e.g., Certified Digital Marketing Professional]
• [Certification name, if applicable]

Tips for crafting a cover letter

A well-written cover letter can get you noticed and increase your chances of landing an interview. It's your opportunity to make a memorable first impression. Here are some tips to stand out:

• Tailor it to the job:  customise your cover letter for each job application. Connect your experience to the criteria in the job description. Highlight how your skills, experiences and values fit with the company’s culture.
• Keep it to one page: your cover letter should be concise and to the point. 
• Address it to the right person: address the cover letter to a specific person whenever possible. This shows that you've taken the time to research the company.
• Expand on information from your resumé: rather than just repeating what's on your resumé, tailor your skills and education to address the job description and provide more context about your work experience.
• Show your enthusiasm:  employers want to know why you're interested in the role and their company. 
• Use a professional tone and format:  while it's important to let your personality shine through, maintain a professional tone throughout the letter. 
• Call to action:  end your cover letter with a call to action, such as inviting the reader to reach out for more information or to set up an interview. 

Tips for writing an effective resumé

Your resumé is often the first impression a potential employer has of you. A well-crafted resumé can open doors to interviews and opportunities. Here are some tips to help you write an effective resumé:

• Tailor it to the job : analyse the job description and identify the key skills and experiences the employer is seeking. Make sure these are reflected in your resumé.
• Keep it to one page:  unless you have extensive experience or are applying for senior-level positions, aim to keep your resumé to one page. This forces you to include only the most relevant information.
• Use action verbs: start your bullet points with strong action verbs like ‘managed’, ‘developed’, ‘increased’, ‘implemented’, or ‘led’. This makes your resumé more impactful.
• Quantifying data:  wherever possible, quantify your achievements with numbers, percentages, or other measures. For example, instead of saying “increased sales”, say “increased sales by 25% over six months”. 
• Proofreading: proofread your resumé multiple times, and consider having someone else review it as well.
• Include keywords:  Many companies use Applicant Tracking Systems (ATS) to screen resumés. Include keywords from the job description to ensure your resumé passes through these systems.

Common mistakes to avoid

When preparing for your job application, it's just as important to know what to avoid as it is to know what to include. Here are some common mistakes to steer clear of when writing your cover letter and resumé:

• Only using one: relying solely on a resumé or a cover letter is a common mistake. Applying with both allows you to present a well-rounded picture of your skills and qualifications.
• Not personalising to the job:  generic cover letters and resumés are easy for employers to spot. Tailor both documents to each specific job application by highlighting the skills and experiences that are most relevant to the job description. 
• Not proofreading: typos, grammatical errors and formatting inconsistencies suggest a lack of attention to detail and professionalism. Always proofread your documents multiple times.
• Repeating information on both:  while your cover letter and resumé should complement each other, they should not be repetitive. Use your cover letter to expand on specific experiences or skills and to explain how they make you a good fit for the role.
• Including irrelevant information:  don’t clutter your resumé with irrelevant job experiences or personal information that does not add value to your application for the specific role you are applying for.

Landing the job you want is a process that involves standing out against other candidates and getting noticed for your unique attributes. Understanding the key differences between a cover letter and a resumé – and optimising both – is vitally important to getting a callback. 

A cover letter is your personalised introduction that highlights your enthusiasm for the role and explains why you are the ideal candidate. On the other hand, a resumé is a concise, factual summary of your professional journey , outlining your skills, experiences and achievements. With the above insights and tips, you can craft a job application that will get you noticed.

Is a cover letter better than a resumé?

No, a cover letter is not better than a resumé – they are different documents that serve different purposes. A cover letter provides a personal touch, allowing you to explain your interest in the role and how your experiences align with the job description. A resumé offers a factual summary of your professional qualifications. 

When should I use a cover letter versus a resumé?

You should use both a cover letter and a resumé in most job applications. A resumé is always necessary as it provides an overview of your professional background. A cover letter adds context to your resumé, explaining your interest in the role and detailing specific experiences. 

Is a cover letter separate from a resumé?

Yes, a cover letter is a separate document from a resumé. While a resumé is a summary of your professional experiences and skills, a cover letter is a more personal letter, addressed to the employer.

Do you need a resumé summary if you have a cover letter?

Yes, it still helps to have a resumé summary even if you have a cover letter. It's particularly useful for recruiters and hiring managers who may skim through your resumé before reading your cover letter.

What is the difference between a resumé and an application letter?

The biggest differences between a resumé and an application letter (or cover letter) are purpose and content. A resumé is a detailed document that lists your professional experience, education, skills and achievements. An application letter is a written pitch explaining why you are interested in and qualified for a specific job.

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Cover Letter vs Resume: Understanding the Key Differences

Introduction.

In today’s competitive market, the interplay between a cover letter vs resume holds significant importance, as it summarizes the essence of your professional journey. Since everyone wants to present themselves as an optimal candidate in front of potential employers, therefore, you need to understand the key differences between these two documents. Each of these documents plays a unique role in your job application and gives you a competitive edge over the others.

The synergy between an impactful cover letter and a captivating resume is similar to a well-choreographed dance. Each step is determined to contribute to the overall performance which will eventually appeal to the audience, which in this case are the employers. Mastering the art of equally balancing these elements in your job application not only differentiates you from other applicants but also positions you as a candidate who is thoughtful and strategic.

It is crucially important to tailor both of these documents to complement each other and to create a cohesive narrative that immediately steals the recruiter’s attention. Resumes mainly highlight your quantitative achievements and qualifications, however, the cover letter narrates a qualitative story that focuses on the facts of how your skills and experiences align with the company’s requirements.

In this guide, we are going to dive deeper into the essential components of each document, offering practical insights and tips that could eventually help you create an impressive job application. Whether you are an experienced professional seeking to elevate your career or a recent graduate navigating the initial steps in the workforce, understanding the key difference between a resume vs cover letter is surely going to help you pave your path toward professional success.

Cover Letter vs Resume

Understanding the key differences between a cover letter and a resume is highly essential, as it prevents you from making a mistake and maximizes your chances of getting hired. Although several people think that they know the main differences between the two documents, there are certain things that a lot of people are unaware of or are confused about. For example, many people don’t know what information belongs on your resume and what should be explained in your cover letter . To make things easier for you, let’s unveil the major differences between these two documents.

Basics of Cover Letter vs Resume

Before diving into details, let’s cover the basics first.

What is a Resume?

In some regions of the world, resumes are also interchangeably called CVs. It is typically a document that a job seeker uses to summarize their educational background, work experience, and special skills. A resume mainly consists of only one page; however, this can vary depending on the level of experience of an individual.

What to Include in a Resume?

A resume is considered the most important document of a job application; therefore, you must invest a suitable amount of time in creating a flawless version of it. The information you need to include in your resume depends on the job you are applying for. A resume generally has the following sections:

Contact Details

This section includes your first and last name, email address, mailing address, and contact number. It is a very important section to include in a resume because if the employer wants to contact you, they need relevant contact information to reach you. This section can also include details like LinkedIn accounts and portfolio links (if necessary).

The introduction section, also known as the Professional Summary section, includes a brief overview of your main qualifications and professional background. Since it is a summary of your professional journey, you need to highlight your major accomplishments and unique skillset. The introduction can even be in the form of a career objective.

Educational Qualifications

This section includes the basic details about your educational qualifications. You need to write each qualification as a separate entry to make it more appealing. In each entry, the information you need to include is the name of the institution, the degree earned, and the year of graduation.

Work Experience

One of the most important sections of a resume is the work experience section which is also listed as a separate entry. This section should include your title, the company you worked for, the years of employment, and a brief list of key responsibilities and notable achievements.

If you are new in the industry, then you certainly need to work on this section. The skills section should showcase your most unique and relevant skill set, but you need to make sure that the skills you mention relate to the job position you are applying for.

What is a Cover Letter?

The basic difference between a resume vs cover letter is that, unlike a resume, a cover letter is a letter of introduction that accompanies your resume. When you send a cover letter along with a resume, the employer gets to learn more about you, your personality, what you are expecting from the job, and the reason why you are applying.

Cover letters are often optional, however, sending one with your resume can show your eagerness to get the job. When you include a cover letter in your job application when it is not even required, you let your future employer know that you aim to exceed their expectations, which could eventually make you a more desirable candidate.

What to Include in a Cover Letter?

Some of the items you can consider including in your cover letter are:

Similar to your resume, your cover letter should also include your name, your address, the date, and the recipient’s contact information in the heading.

You must start your cover letter with a professional greeting. If you know the name of the intended recipient, you can use a title like Mr., Ms., or Dr., followed by their last name. If the job posting does not specify whom to send the letter to, you can use ‘Dear Hiring Committee’ or ‘Dear Hiring Manager’.

How You Found Out About the Job

If possible, you should also mention in your cover letter how you found out about the job opening, as this could help the hiring organization in future hiring efforts. If they have used a recruiting website, or a job ad on LinkedIn, and you mention in your cover letter that you found the job through that particular channel, this will show them how they can find qualified candidates through that resource.

How Will You Contribute to the Organization

By listing your goals, you show the potential employer that you understand the expected duties. Therefore, you must try to create objectives that align with the company’s mission statement to demonstrate you can be a vital part of the team.

Your Future Goals

Stating that you wish to set up an interview will show the recipient you are genuinely interested in proceeding to the next step of the hiring process.

Difference Between Cover Letter vs Resume

Till this point, you would be clear about the fact that a resume is more of an overview while a cover letter is more specific. However, the main purpose of both of these documents is to sell yourself by showcasing your most noteworthy skills and professional background. To make the difference clear, let’s have a look at the major differences between a resume vs cover letter :

It is severely important to format both documents properly. For a potential employer, your cover letter is a letter and not a list, therefore you must start with greetings, and then move towards the introductory paragraph, then add one to two body paragraphs, and end it with a conclusion and a signature. A cover letter should be of one page.

On the other hand, a resume’s format is a lot different. Resumes are a concise record of your background and qualifications; therefore, it contains only essential information. Its presentation and visual appeal are very important to increase its effectiveness. A resume should consist of one to two pages.

Tone of Voice

Compared to a resume, the tone of voice for cover letters is friendlier and more conversational. Since you have to show your enthusiasm in the cover letter, you generally have more freedom to be a bit more subjective and personal. However, you need to understand where the silver lining lies, as you cannot sound too informal in your cover letter.

However, resumes take on a more factual approach. In a resume, you simply highlight the qualities that make you stand out from the crowd. Unlike a cover letter, the tone of voice for resumes is more formal.

The key difference between a resume vs cover letter is the content of both documents. Although some information might appear the same in both documents, however, there are major differences that need to be highlighted.

A cover letter specifically focuses on the job you are applying to and also emphasizes your present and future objectives. Conversely, a resume is a broad overview of your educational and career history. It lists all of the relevant skills and professional experiences that apply to your current job search.

Wrapping Up

When sending your job application to a potential employer, you must keep in mind the purpose of a cover letter vs resume . A resume lists information about your education, qualifications, and experience, while a cover letter explains how you can contribute to the organization and why you are a perfect fit for the role. Both of these documents have their purpose and advantages; therefore, it is impossible to use them interchangeably.

Our team understands that each of our clients are different with dynamic goals requiring a professional resume, CV or optimized LinkedIn profile to get noticed and land interviews.

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Cover Letter vs Resume: How to Distinguish Them?

Have you ever wondered what separates a compelling cover letter from a comprehensive resume? In the competitive job market, understanding the nuances between these two documents can be the key to unlocking professional opportunities. How do you ensure your application stands out, presenting your skills and experiences most effectively? So, in this guide, we’ll discuss the difference between a cover letter vs resume that can elevate your job application game. Let's discover the differences to crafting compelling cover letters and resumes.

What's a resume?

A compelling resume is a short document that gives an overview of you as a job seeker. Most cover pages for resumes include these key points:

Educational Background

List your highest degrees, especially the ones most relevant to your desired job. If you're eyeing a biochemist position, mention your master's and Ph.D. If you're still in school, share when you started and when you plan to graduate.

Skills that Matter

Highlight high-income skills that are relevant to the job you're after. For instance, if you're applying for an administrative assistant role, mention your typing speed and proficiency in word processing or data entry.

Qualifications Snapshot

Summarize official certifications and notable achievements at work. Let them know you're a certified electrician or that you significantly boosted customer satisfaction over two years. Make it easy for hiring managers to quickly understand your qualifications.

Professional Affiliations

Include any clubs or associations that can benefit you in the job. For instance, if you're interviewing for a hospital counselor position, note your membership in the American Psychological Association. It adds credibility to your professional profile.

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What's a cover letter?

A cover letter is a thorough document that lets hiring managers see your enthusiasm for a specific job. It's a chance to reveal more of your personality than your resume allows. In your letter, dive into the specifics mentioned in the job description and explain how your skills and experience match those needs.

While cover letters are often optional, sending one alongside your resume signals your eagerness for the job. Even if a company doesn't ask for a cover letter, including one can demonstrate your commitment to surpassing expectations, making you a more attractive candidate. The only time you should skip it is if the application explicitly says not to include one – always follow the employer's instructions.

While writing a cover letter , you must include these elements:

Like other professional letters, your cover letter's heading should have your name, address, date, and the recipient’s contact information.

Start with a professional greeting. If you know the recipient's name, use a title like “Mr.,” “Ms.,” or “Dr.,” followed by their last name. If there's no specific contact, go with “Dear Hiring Committee” or “Dear Hiring Manager.”

Let your potential employer know where you found the position. If it was on a recruiting website, mentioning it shows the company they can find qualified candidates through that platform.

Your Contribution

Describe how you'll contribute to the organization. This signals to your potential employer that you understand the role's expectations. Align your goals with the company’s mission statement to show you can be a valuable part of the team.

Future Contact

Express your desire for an interview, indicating you're keen on moving to the next step in the hiring process. It shows the recipient you're proactive and engaged.

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Differences Between a Cover Letter Vs Resume

There are three key distinctions between a resume vs cover letter:

•   Format

Resume: Structured with sections and bullet points, delivering specific details like dates of employment and job duties.

Cover Letter: Cover letter format includes professional communication organized in full paragraphs.

•   Content

Resume: Offers a comprehensive overview of your educational and career history, presenting a broad spectrum of skills and professional experiences.

Cover Letter: Focuses specifically on the job you're applying for, emphasizing present and future objectives. While some information may overlap, a cover letter delves more into your aspirations.

•   Purpose

Resume: Conveys a wide range of information concisely, typically within one or two pages. Employers use it to quickly assess your qualifications for a job.

Cover Letter: This allows you to present a holistic view of yourself as an individual and applicant, offering a comprehensive narrative beyond a quick resume scan.

•   Tone

Resume: The tone in a resume tends to be more objective compared to that of a cover letter.

Cover Letter: For a cover letter, the tone can vary based on the job and industry, but it should always carry a touch of personality. However, it's crucial to maintain professionalism, ensuring that your personality enhances rather than distracts from the content of the letter. Also, make sure to strike a balance that showcases your individuality while aligning with the professional context.

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Professor Resume Example

[Your Name]

[Your Address]

[City, State, ZIP Code]

[Your Email Address]

[Your Phone Number]

Dedicated and accomplished professor with a proven track record of delivering high-quality education in [specific field]. Seeking a challenging position in a reputable institution where I can contribute my expertise in [area of specialization], foster a positive learning environment, and engage students in critical thinking.

[Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in [Your Field], University Name, Year of Graduation]

Dissertation: "[Title of Your Dissertation]"

Relevant coursework: [List of relevant courses]

[Master of [Your Degree] in [Your Field], University Name, Year of Graduation]

Thesis: "[Title of Your Thesis]"

Additional coursework: [List of relevant courses]

[Bachelor of [Your Degree] in [Your Field], University Name, Year of Graduation]

Teaching Experience

[Current/Previous Position], [Institution Name], [City, State], [Start Date] - Present

[List of courses taught]

Developed and implemented innovative teaching methodologies, resulting in increased student engagement and improved learning outcomes.

Mentored and advised undergraduate and graduate students, guiding them in their academic and career pursuits.

[Previous Position], [Institution Name], [City, State], [Start Date] - [End Date]

Research Experience

[Research Position], [Research Institution], [City, State], [Start Date] - Present

[Brief description of research focus and projects]

Published research articles in reputable journals and presented findings at national and international conferences.

Publications

[List of selected publications with titles, journals, and publication dates]

Excellent communication and interpersonal skills

Strong research and analytical abilities

Proficient in [list of relevant software/tools]

Effective mentorship and advising capabilities

[Any other relevant skills]

Honors and Awards

[List of honors and awards received]

Available upon request.

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Writer Cover Letter Example

[Employer's Name]

[Company Name]

[Company Address]

Dear [Employer's Name],

I am writing to express my interest in the [Writer Position] advertised on [where you found the job posting]. With a strong background in [relevant experience or degree], I am confident in my ability to contribute to your team and provide high-quality content.

In my previous role at [Previous Company], I honed my writing skills by [mention specific tasks, projects, or responsibilities]. This experience has equipped me with a keen understanding of [industry or niche], and I am excited about the opportunity to bring my expertise to [Company Name].

I am proficient in [mention any specific writing tools, software, or techniques relevant to the job]. My ability to [mention any unique skills or strengths] sets me apart and positions me as an asset to your team.

I am particularly drawn to [Company Name] because of its commitment to [mention any values or goals of the company that align with your own]. I am eager to contribute my skills and collaborate with a team that values innovation and creativity.

Enclosed is my resume, which provides further details about my professional background. I would welcome the opportunity to discuss how my skills and experiences align with your needs in more detail.

Thank you for considering my application. I look forward to the possibility of contributing to the success of [Company Name]. Please feel free to contact me at [your phone number] or [your email address] to schedule an interview.

Understanding the nuanced differences between a cover letter vs resume is crucial for any job seeker aiming to make a lasting impression on employers . While a resume serves as a concise summary of one's professional experience, skills, and achievements, a cover letter offers the opportunity to showcase personality, passion, and specific interest in the position. By recognizing the unique purposes of these documents, job seekers can effectively communicate their qualifications and make a memorable impact on hiring managers.

What Is the Difference Between a Cover Letter and a Resume?

A cover letter is a personalized letter addressing the employer directly, providing context and explaining how your skills match the job requirements while a resume is a comprehensive summary of your work experience, education, and skills.

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Are Cover Letter and Application Letter the Same?

While cover and application letters are usually used in the same contexts, every job seeker has to know the significant differences between these two documents.

Nowadays, application and cover letters are sent via email, so, it’s also important to familiarize oneself with the writing trends and standards of online documents.

So, What’s the Difference?

The main difference between applications and cover letters are:

• Application documents are considered to contain in-depth information about candidate skills and qualities while cover letters are merely used for submitting the documents.
• Cover letters carry out simpler functions and only define your professional capacity as a sender, a recipient, and the purpose of the letter. Application letters perform three main functions: to draw the attention of the potential recruiter, to reflect you as the perfect fit for the position, and to secure the interview.
• Application letters highlight qualifications, skills, strengths, and previous jobs to which this information should relate to the job applied. Done properly, it will showcase you as a good fit for the position. A cover letter can omit specific details, though it must include contact information and motivate why you’re applying for the position and why you’re good for it.
• Cover letters are shorter as they don’t include detailed information. Applicant documents shouldn’t exceed one page. In terms of improving career opportunities, wherever possible your letter should consist of three paragraphs in which you introduce yourself and your objective in the first paragraph. You should present your strengths in the second paragraph and propose an interview in the third paragraph.
• Cover letters aren’t considered the decisive element of an application package. Application letters usually accompany resumes in most cases, as they can offer more about your professional candidacy. Or you can always check some of the best companies that will help you with writing your cover letter on Linkedin .

• Resume Templates Simple Professional Modern Creative View all
• Resume Examples Nurse Student Internship Teacher Accountant View all
• Resume Builder
• Cover Letter Templates Simple Professional Modern Creative View all
• Cover Letter Examples Nursing Administrative Assistant Internship Graduate Teacher View all
• Cover Letter Builder
• Cover Letter

Application letter vs. cover letter: pros and cons, tips for job application scenarios

1) Application letter when there is no job opening

2) job application letter for academic programs, 3) longer application letter for internships, introduction, convey resume facts in letter form. , highlight your achievements alongside personality and context., signpost each part of the letter. , make sentences shorter and minimize descriptive language. , ensure the application letter is heavy on factual detail..

Application letter? Isn't that a cover letter, but twice the length? What is that you say? Some people use it to replace a resume and a cover letter? Why on earth would you want to do that? What is a letter of application vs cover letter?

Job search jargon can be difficult, especially when different words mean different things in various parts of the world. So let's take a look at the general differences and similarities between an application vs cover letter . They do have varying uses - so think about the right choice for you.

In this article we will explore:

What is an application letter?

• Three situations when you might choose to write an application letter
• What is the difference between an application letter and a cover letter?
• What is the purpose of a letter of application?
• An application letter example
• The format and structure of a job application letter
• How do I write an application letter?

An “application letter” is used in limited circumstances in a job search as a replacement for a resume and cover letter. 

These two pages have to encompass the highs and lows of your career as well as describe why you would be a great hire for a potential employer. Tough ask.

Many in human resources view this as recruitment heresy; but hear us out. The specific job application format, despite its unwieldy nature, has a reason to exist. The job application letter is vanishingly rare, but certain people do decide to use it. The argument of letter of application vs cover letter is clear cut. Combining a resume and cover letter into one longer application letter is no easy task.

Recruiter’s Note

It should be noted that the term “application letter” is often used to describe the traditional cover letter. In other words, sometimes the two terms mean exactly the same thing. Similarly, the words “CV” and “resume” sometimes (but not always) refer to the same thing, the only difference being that the term “CV” is much more popular outside North America. A cover letter may be referred to as an application letter simply because that's what it's called in that part of the world. This article deals with application letters as separate documents with their own specific set of goals.

A resume is a strictly formatted, factually based document, while a cover letter adds a personal touch to the application process. But with a single job application letter that does both jobs, where do you start to impress a recruiter?

Is there one occasion in a hundred when a job seeker might choose this option? Might it make a difference to you one day? 

By the way, there is an entertaining 7.5-minute video on cover letters vs. application letters at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p7i8I5wFYuk . It offers the same advice we do, although with a delightful African accent. It settles the application letter vs cover letter debate, once and for all.

When to use an application letter

Before we explore all the reasons why a resume + cover letter combo is usually better for job seekers than a single application letter, an examination of online recruitment wisdom does highlight a few occasions when a job application letter might prove a valid choice. So what are the three types of application letter?

We must stress that in 99% of cases, this advice and the following application letter sample is definitely not the norm, but if you have tried everything else in your job search toolbox, it might just be worth a try.

When the job market is tight, potential hiring managers and recruiters will have even less time to consider job applications, especially if there is no job posting. 

If job applicants have a genuinely compelling story to tell, some candidates might decide to send over their sales pitch in application letter form (as an attachment in an email or in a forum like LinkedIn), because they know that someone won’t spend the time digging through their formal resume for the relevant details. Our application letter sample at the end of this chapter offers a flavor of how it might be worded. 

Sending a formal resume might be presumptuous if there is no role available, but a short cover letter does not offer enough space to sell your career story. Enter the longer, chunkier application letter (that is pretending to be a cover letter and not a resume).

Another type of letter sent when no open position is advertised is called a letter of interest, letter of intent or statement of interest. A letter of interest is very similar to a cover letter, but it’s written when no open position is advertised. The usual advice for a letter of interest is to hold it to one page and include a resume. This is different from the so-called application letter, which is generally supposed to be two pages and is sent without a resume.  

For example, if you teach English as a second language (ESL) and you live in Spain, you may become aware of a school that teaches ESL. Even though it’s not advertising any jobs for new teachers, you want the school to know that you would be interested in working there and you have the skills to do so. In such a case, you might send a letter of interest and a resume. For more info, see our blog on “ Letter of Interest vs. Cover Letter .”

Job application letters will never match the factual accuracy and coverage of a resume, but a small number of candidates do decide to use them as a tactic to get their foot through the door.

One consideration with a job application letter is that it will be read in its entirety. The format of a resume makes it easier to dip in and out, so writing a longer letter may be a way of getting every argument across?

When there is a requirement to describe depth of academic experience , a longer-form letter is sometimes employed in academic circles instead of a resume. Here, the letter of application vs cover letter argument is won in favor of academic rigor. Outlining the importance of your academic work is difficult in a short cover letter.

Again, this is a rare occurrence, but for an academic who is looking to connect with a like-minded faculty manager (outside of the confines of HR oversight), an application letter gives them the opportunity express why they would be a fit for that new job. Many academics are used to reading long pieces of content, so a two-page application letter will not seem overly onerous.

Many in academia would expect an academic resume with a wealth of information about past research papers and qualifications, but for areas of expertise which require more depth of explanation, an application letter may be a useful format.

There is genuine merit for an intern to view the following example of application letter with a little more interest. 

Interns will not have the experience to flesh out a two-page resume , but a one-page resume may not be enough space to describe the passion that they have for their desired role. As social media has brought interns ever closer to potential future bosses, a less formal job application letter might be able to do the job of both a cover letter and a resume. 

The free-flowing nature of a letter allows them to explore their potential from a professional and personal perspective. 400 words is not enough on a cover letter when you desperately want to take that first rung on the career ladder.

If the application progresses onto a more formal footing, interns will still need a resume for an internal recruiter, but a longer initial letter could make a difference. Not every application is standard, so if you feel that you are able to divert from the norm and risk sending a longer application letter, take the plunge.

Application letter sample

Meet Lana. She is writing a speculative application letter to get a job at a new retail outlet that is opening up. She doesn't know when they might be hiring, so this one-shot application letter sample is her best shot of getting on their radar early on. They are unlikely to read both a cover letter and her resume at such a stage. 

We had to dig deep into various professional cases to come up with the best example, but with our desire to provide the most comprehensive set of resources for job seekers, we felt that sharing an example of a job application letter was worth doing. This really does include the best of both worlds.

The following job application letter sample is a good attempt at what such a letter might look like, but it will quickly become obvious that the format is far from ideal. You have to have a really good story to keep a hiring manager reading beyond the second paragraph. Make sure that you hit them with what matters to them early on.

If you start to understand that this format is not for you - you might be far happier and better off checking out our cover letter templates , writing guide and profession-specific letter examples .

Having said all that, here is an example of an application letter:

Job application letter format and structure

The format of an application letter is difficult to define. While we have created advice guides for all sorts of cover letters, the bloated nature of the application letter format means that almost anything goes. Just make sure that you use bullets and the odd list to break up the text - white space matters in an application letter, too.

We would like to compare and contrast the structure of the two formats.

After starting the header of the letter with your contact information, the greeting section needs to be addressed to the correct person and begin the letter with a personal connection. Everyone likes being called by their name. 

Additionally, make sure that you use the correct form of address. “ Dear Mr. / Mrs. / Ms. Surname ” is the safest option to get the letter off to a solid start. ”To Whom It May Concern” is never acceptable, though if you can't find out the name of the hiring manager, you can opt for a more generic greeting like “Dear XYZ Hiring Team.” This advice applies to both cover letters and application letter.

Take your career growth to a new level with these 10 expert tips to writing and formatting the best cover letter.

The introduction of a cover letter should be a short opening paragraph to grab the attention and focus on one standout aspect of the candidate’s experience. It is the one sentence that you want to remain in the hiring manager’s mind for the rest of the recruitment process.

The introduction for the application letter format has to work a bit harder. Because there is no factual resume to fall back on, the application letter introduction should be more practically oriented, leaving the reader in no doubt as to the suitability of the candidate.

Where a hiring manager has the option to find a candidate's value in the depths of a resume, candidates have to be mind-readers to work out exactly what to highlight in their application letter intro. It is a really tough ask and very easy to miss the mark.

The body of the perfect cover letter should contain a couple of brief insights into the personal qualities and professional achievements of a candidate, outlining why they are a fit for the role and backing that up with quantifiable numbers. It is eminently possible to create a lasting impression in the space of two or three paragraphs. In communication skills terms, brevity is the soul of wit.

Conversely, it is difficult to know where to start in suggesting how to structure the body of an application letter.

First, the job application format should ideally retain an aspect of the chronological nature of a resume . You don’t want the reader jumping back and forth through your career timeline as they read it and you should include dates of employment where possible. 

Elements of personality and culture fit can also be sprinkled throughout the writing. Try to lead with your most relevant characteristics, with the most recent examples at the beginning of the letter.

After a couple of sections about work experience, the job application letter offers an opportunity to expand at greater length on how you understand the role and why you think you would be a fit. 

Anticipate the interview questions and show that you are the right person for the job. This is something that is not always possible in either a resume or a cover letter, so it is ideally suited to a persuasive piece of writing that may well be speculative in nature. Go into significant detail around how exactly you see yourself fitting in.

For a cover letter, the conclusion is a one-paragraph call to action, intended to persuade the employer to invite you to an interview. It's the cherry on top of your job application. 

The length of the application letter format means that such a pithy closing paragraph might seem a little apologetic. In this case, it is worth reminding the potential employer of the key aspects of your candidacy. They may be a bit lost in such a long letter, and repetition can be an effective device (if you are repeating the right things, that is).

Is an application letter the same as a cover letter? 

The industry standard of a personality-led cover letter is intended to complement the factual formality of a resume. As such, the cover letter is often used as a compelling conversation-starter that might entice a hiring manager to read the resume in a little more depth. 

Cover letters hint at the threads of a candidate’s career that are worth exploring further during an interview process . 

Application letters, on the other hand, need to communicate both factual experience and a sense of personality. In terms of comparing and contrasting a cover letter and an application letter format, the basic approaches are similar, but the application letter format is more cumbersome.

Tips for writing a great application letter for a job vacancy 

If you are determined to write an application letter, or if someone has asked you to put down your thoughts on your suitability for the role in an email (for example), here are five suggestions for making the most of an imperfect format. Here is how the letter of application vs cover letter thought process plays out. 

Weaving the facts of your resume into the broader narrative of an application letter for employment is crucial to getting your work experience across. 

Factual details are far easier to pick out on a resume, so they risk getting a little lost in the depths of an application letter. But if you put the more important facts toward the beginning of paragraphs, hiring managers will be more likely to notice. Numbers and percentages are automatically more visible, so quantify and add context.

As an application letter is a mix of fact and personality, you can mix up your factual achievements with descriptive adjectives and more context than a resume typically contains. 

Much is discussed about storytelling in the recruitment process and if you can manage to merge these factors, your story has a chance of being finished. However, two pages of solid text is a lot of story to take in.

A resume has distinct sections for each part of your experience, and a cover letter usually has a set format to add the extra details. It is therefore essential for job applicants to signpost the content of every paragraph in the first sentence of an application letter.

Some people might decide to use mini-titles, but this often comes across as being too simplistic and may break up the flow of the story. Try to make the first sentence of each paragraph short and direct.

Two pages might seem a lot for an application letter, but when you consider that it has to be written in full sentences and with acceptable English, suddenly the simplicity and brevity of skills lists on a resume (for example) seem very appealing. 

Keep your sentences as short and impactful as possible. Otherwise you might find yourself not having enough space for some of your achievements and experiences. Having said this, don't include too many lists with lots of commas - the application letter needs to be legible.

While the purpose of a cover letter is to weave a more emotionally appealing story because the resume has covered the factual bases, the limitations of the job application letter format mean that it should contain as much factual detail as possible. 

Devices such as bullet-pointed lists are a great way of getting fact-heavy accomplishments across. Put simply, make sure that you don't waffle. The tone should be conversational - it should be a conversation packed with achievement.

The differences between an application letter and a cover letter

To summarize, while the application letter is a mash-up of a resume and a cover letter, it is a little more than that. Essentially candidates use it as an extended conversation starter in certain specific situations.

The application letter allows them to set out their arguments exactly the way that they would like a hiring manager to hear them. With a letter, there is no ambiguity. It is written how it is meant to be received. It is important that the candidate understands which arguments will be effective as this is their "one shot." 

While a hiring manager can dip in and out of a resume where they see fit, an application letter leaves them no choice. If it doesn't hit the mark, chances will reduce significantly.

But what if I decide to write a cover letter after all?

We recently shared 9,000+ words of career advice in our blog on cover letter writing and many of the suggestions in that piece will also be relevant to writing an application letter, should you choose to do so. 

Do your research on the employer, choose the right tone for the letter and immerse yourself into the culture to imagine what sort of employee they are looking for. 

The best cover letters are a wonderful medium to complement a resume, yet their impact is often overlooked. A perfectly targeted cover letter can genuinely make the difference between a first interview for that dream job and another rejection. We have a wide range of guides and cover letter samples for multiple professions that bring the reality of the letter to life. 

If you compare the cover letter examples with the application letter example, you will see why most employers would prefer the cover letter plus a resume to create the ideal first impression. In the letter of application vs cover letter argument, there is usually only one winner.

At the end of the day, you should choose what fits you best. If the situation warrants a more free-form and non-traditional document like the application letter, go for it! 

But if you decide to stick with the tried-and-true combo accepted by recruiters worldwide, make sure to check out our online resume tools for resumes and cover letters (complete with pre-generated phrases, a grammar checker and more).  

Save your time, avoid stress and uncertainty. There’s no reason not to empower your job search with convenient solutions!

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Difference between a resume and an application letter.

Your job application package consists of a cover letter and a resume. Each document serves a specific purpose and has a particular format. Whenever you apply for a position, send both documents unless the employer has asked for a resume only. Use the appropriate delivery method -- email, fax or postal mail -- and remember to sign the cover letter. Make sure that both documents use the same header, font and paper.

Purpose of a Cover Letter

A cover letter adds a personal touch to the job application. When a prospective employer reads your cover letter, he knows immediately whether to read your resume. Write a letter that demonstrates your enthusiasm for the position, company and industry. Let the employer know how you learned about the position and why you would be a good fit for the company. Include highlights of your education, experience and background that are relevant to the position. State exactly what documents you are attaching or enclosing: resume, transcript, references or testimonials. Provide additional information not contained in the resume, such as your availability dates for an interview and your follow-up procedure.

Purpose of a Resume

A resume provides a brief summary of your education, skills, work experience and accomplishments. A well-written resume speaks loudly and clearly about your value as a potential employee. The performance profile and competency statements contain action words and the appropriate keywords -- words and phrases that represent knowledge, skills and abilities required for the industry. When a prospective employer reads your resume, she can answer the following questions: "How will this employee benefit our organization?" "What strengths does he bring to our workplace?"

Format of a Cover Letter

A cover letter is a business letter. The inside address contains the name, title, organization and address of the prospective employer. Ensure that you have the correct spelling and title of the employer and use it in the salutation.

Most cover letters contain three paragraphs. Use the first paragraph to introduce yourself and ask to be considered for the job. Focus on your skills and achievements in the second paragraph. Ask for an interview in the third paragraph. Use an appropriate complimentary closing: Yours respectfully, Yours sincerely, Cordially yours or Yours truly. Include your handwritten and typewritten signature.

Format of a Resume

You can use the reverse chronological or functional format for your resume. The reverse chronological resume lists all employment and education, beginning with the most recent and working backward. More informal in tone, the functional format highlights three to five skill areas and downplays employment history. Start with a performance profile that contains three to five of your greatest skills and achievements. Alternatively, you can use a job objective or focus statement. The Work Experience section includes information about current and past employment. In the Education section, list all diplomas, degrees, certificates and training relevant to the position. Create additional sections to highlight proficiency in languages, computer expertise and volunteer involvement.

Related Articles

How to write personal information on a resume →, how to write a resume when you have been in education and want to get into the business world →.

How to Write a Cover Letter to a Previous Employer →

How to Apply for a Job Through Email →

How to Do a Resume for a Non-Skilled Worker →

How Do I Write a Resume Envelope? →

• "Gallery of Best Letters"; David F. Noble; 2007
• "Resume Magic"; Susan Britton Whitcomb; 2010

In 2008, Joanne Guidoccio opened a wordsmith business. She has been published in the "Guelph Daily Mercury," "Waterloo Record" and "Winnipeg Free Press". A retired school teacher, Guidoccio has a Bachelor of Arts in mathematics and psychology from Laurentian University, a Bachelor of education from the University of Western Ontario and a Career Development Practitioner Diploma from Conestoga College.

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The language of the job hunt: resumes and job applications

Sep 07, 2022 - updated Apr 24, 2023

So you’ve decided to apply for a new role—good for you! You spruce up your resume and get ready to send it off, only to learn you need to complete a job application too. Confusion sets in as you find yourself doubling your efforts, wondering why both are necessary. Well, as culture fit becomes more critical in the workplace and competition rises, many employers want to better understand applicants beyond their work life and hard skills. Larger companies may also be seeking ways to sort through high application volumes and simplify or automate processes . Enter: the job application.

But what exactly is the difference between a resume and a job application? Why would a company ask for one over the other–or even both–and how can you ensure you stand out? Let’s find out.

What is a job application?

A job application is a standard form with questions or fields deemed necessary by a company to review candidates. It will often request the same information from every potential hire, such as contact information, past work experience, education, and references . However, not every company will ask you to complete a job application; sometimes just a resume will suffice. So what are some reasons a company would require one?

Marianne Encina, a recruiter at Shopify and co-founder of 3Skills , a community that teaches job seekers how to communicate their value to employers and build careers they are proud of, says, “a company might use a job application to have one clear standard to assess all applicants. This can be beneficial when the goal is solely to compare experience, skills, and education.”

However, the standardization of job applications also brings about concerns regarding DEI initiatives . Encina notes, “[Job applications] can be problematic since applicants will all have different backgrounds that will fall outside this standard and might therefore be automatically and unfairly rejected.”

That said, if a company does ask you to submit a job application, it is essential that you complete it in full. In the United States, candidates are required to list all former employers as requested on a job application and to fill it in honestly—you don’t want to get caught lying should the employer run a background check .

What is a resume?

A resume is a document that outlines your accomplishments, skills, and background, typically as they relate to your career and education . Resumes can also include personal information, such as hobbies, interests, and volunteer time, providing a prospective employer with more information about who you are and how you spend your time outside office hours.

A resume is your opportunity to showcase and highlight your unique talents and personality . While there are certain things that will double up on your resume and job application—such as your duties and responsibilities with previous employers—there’s lots of room for creativity.

One tip Encina suggests is tailoring your resume to the company’s brand by using their colors and fonts or getting inspiration from their products. “If you are interviewing with Google’s Search Team, for example, you could have each role in your resume replicate Google search results,” says Encina.

But it’s not all about aesthetics. “Content will always be more important than any color or font. A tailored resume with metrics that address requirements and responsibilities for the role should be the standard; aesthetics are a bonus.” Encina says. So what’s the bottom line? Make your resume enticing . “Ultimately, the goal is to extend the amount of time the recruiter or hiring manager spends reviewing your resume.”

What should you do if a company asks for both?

If a company asks for both, how do you ensure you don’t waste your or the recruiter’s time? While it can be tempting to keep one standard resume handy for any job that piques your interest, especially when applying to several different roles, it’s good practice to tailor your resume for each opportunity .

If a company asks you to complete a job application and a resume, avoid repeating the same information. “You might consider using that extra space to speak about specific projects that are relevant to that role,” notes Encina.

Should you send a resume if the company only offers a job application?

According to Encina, the answer to this question is: it depends. “If you have a tailored resume ready to be submitted that would only make your application and your candidacy stronger, I would go ahead and submit that too,” she says.

“But really, the question here should be redirected to the company: is every step of your process intentional and candidate-centric? Are the instructions clear on what needs to be submitted? Are they deducting points for anyone who didn’t submit a resume and cover letter , although there were no instructions to do so? As a candidate, your goal is to reflect that you are the most employable out of the candidate pool . A company’s goal should be to provide a clear recruitment process and expectations.”

Key takeaways: what’s the difference between a resume and a job application?

A job application is a form created by a company with fields that a candidate must complete in full . These fields typically include contact information, past work experience, education, and references . The application is the same for every potential candidate, providing a standardized way for a company to assess applicants.

Ensure you complete all sections as required by the job application. You must fully disclose all past employers when requested via a job application . Some companies may even perform a background check to confirm.

A resume outlines your accomplishments, skills, and background. It’s also your opportunity to showcase your unique experience, creativity, and other relevant information that could make you a front-runner for a position.

Clearly read a company’s application instructions; if they are unclear, don’t hesitate to ask for more information.

When in doubt, go the extra mile and submit a resume in addition to a job application , even if it’s not specifically requested. Find the appropriate company contact so you know it gets into the right hands .

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The Easiest Font to Read Is Already on Your Phone

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When it comes to typing a message, font choice can sometimes add a creative touch to your work, but for mass media formats like newspapers , academic papers, TV and popular web sites, sticking to a legible font is often more important than the flourish of decorative fonts.

Here, we'll go over some candidates for the easiest font to read in print and web documents, along with some history of typesetting and what makes for a readable font.

Common Qualities of the Most Readable Fonts

Serif vs. sans serif fonts, 4 of the best sans serif fonts, 4 of the best serif fonts, dishonorable mentions: fonts to avoid, the first printed font.

The easiest fonts to read are designed to be able to reach the most amount of people. They may be reading the font off of printed documents, road signs, or on mobile devices with low resolution screens. The reader could also potentially have eyesight problems or be a fair distance away from the text.

With these factors in mind, the most readable fonts need to have very distinguishable characters that can be easily read by the viewer at a variety of font sizes. The ideal font can serve everyone as long as they are literate, and it will also make the process easier for those just learning to read. Font weight is also an important factor.

For instance, things like road signs which are intended to be viewed far distances generally feature bold letter shapes. Readable font should also make capital letters and lowercase letters easy to tell apart from one another, with careful spacing between words and characters to make sure nothing appears to overlap or spread too far apart.

While browsing online, reading a newspaper or typing in a document editor like Microsoft Word, there are thousands of different fonts you could potentially encounter. However, popular fonts tend to fall in one of two categories : serif fonts and sans serif fonts.

Serif Fonts

The serif font style (named from the Germanic word for "pen stroke") was first designed in the late 1700s and features little flourishes or "tails" on each letter that give the fonts a bit of character.

These tails also showed off the precision quality of the printing dies which were becoming more widely available at the time.

Serif fonts look great blown up to big sizes and on high-resolution computer screens, but they tend to have poorer readability at smaller text sizes. For this reason, newspapers and online articles tend to use a serif font for the headline instead of the main body text of the piece.

Sans Serif Fonts

On the other hand, sans serif typeface is a derivative of serif font and attempts to solve some of its apparent shortcomings. Sans serif fonts do away with the little flourishes of serif and instead focus on bolder letters with very straight lines and uniform curves for maximum legibility.

Sans serif tends to be the easiest type of font to read, sometimes sacrificing creative potential. They're also used in graphic designs that aim to look more "modern" versus older serif typefaces.

• Arial : Originally based on Helvetica, this is a supremely readable font that can be found on all types of software and web pages.
• Calibri : In 2007, Calibri replaced Times New Roman as the default font for Microsoft Office apps and became one of the most prolific fonts in the digital space before being replaced itself in 2023 (the new kid on the block is Aptos).
• Open Sans : This popular sans serif font was commissioned by Google in 2011 and soon became the standard font for the Android mobile operating system.
• Montserrat : This is a very simple, classy, yet easy-to-read font that looks great in thinner styles, bolded or in italics.
• Times New Roman : First commissioned by London newspaper The Times in 1931, this ubiquitous serif font became a popular choice for book printing and is now included in most major computer operating systems.
• Berkeley Old Style : Also known as " Californian " font, this typeface created for the University of California newspaper in the 1930's can add a bit of class to your work without sacrificing readability.
• Larken : This is the font choice for adding bold, stylish letters to a poster or book title.
• Merriweather : A popular font choice for modern book printing, this serif derivative has a distinct mid-century feel by combining strong modern lettering with some classical flourishes.
• Comic Sans : This sans serif font is technically one of the easiest fonts to read, but the exaggerated bubbly style of its lettering means it's the most commonly mocked by graphic designers.
• Papyrus : Despite a clone typeface being used in the logo for the Avatar movies, this vaguely ancient-looking font has never been taken seriously.
• Jokerman : This silly font's lettering includes a bunch of needless and inconsistent details which give it poor readability and generally make it too irregular to be used in a professional setting.
• Wingdings : Before we had an emoji keyboard on our phones, this Microsoft Windows font replaced the characters on your keyboard with seemingly random icons and symbols. This is quite possible the least readable font in existence.

Basically everything that we take for granted today about fonts and typesetting started with the invention of the industrial printing press by Johannes Gutenberg in the 1400's. Before the invention of Gutenberg's press, nearly all books in European circulation were bound and inscribed by monks of the Catholic Church who copied the body text by hand over several weeks.

This was grueling work, causing books to be generally unaffordable to the commoner and literacy rates to be low. Gutenberg's invention drove down the cost of bookmaking and allowed literature to reach the masses.

The default font for this press, Blackletter , was initially based on the writing of the monks, with a big font size and bold, ornate letters. It had style, but it didn't have the readability required for mass media and web design.

Improving Legibility

In 1470, a French printer named Nicolas Jenson came up with what could be considered the first readable typeface: the " Roman " font.

This style did away with ornate flourishes and focused on distinctive letter shapes that were evenly spaced, making it much easier to read by the layman. Many modern variants of the typeset exist today including the popular font, Times New Roman.

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