essay topics for evolutionary psychology

Psychology Discussion

Essay on evolutionary psychology: top 6 essays | psychology.

ADVERTISEMENTS:

Here is an essay on ‘Evolutionary Psychology’ for class 11 and 12. Find paragraphs, long and short essays on ‘Evolutionary Psychology’ especially written for school and college students.

Essay on Evolutionary Psychology

Essay Contents:

• Essay on the Principles of Evolutionary Psychology

Essay # 1. Social Behaviour of Apes:

Evolutionary psychology is ripe with examples from the animal world. Usually, a number of species, many of them quite distant to we humans, are used with each species illustrating a basic principle.

Let us depart from this formula by first examining thumbnail sketches of the social organization, mating styles, and aggression of the three great apes that are our genetically closest relatives—gorillas, chimpanzees, and bonobos. By comparing and contrasting the behaviour of these three species, we can illustrate many of the major issues of evolutionary psychology.

i. Gorillas:

A gorilla community is dominated by a single adult male silverback, although sometimes the silverback will allow a good buddy or two to share his reign. The rest of the group consists of several adult females and their juvenile and adolescent offspring. The silverback(s) vigorously defend their harem against the attempts of single males to entice away one or more of the breeding females.

Young adult males almost always leave their natal group and try to gather a harem of their own. Life is tough for the bachelor. He will either wander alone or join several other bachelors and form a group of their own. Gathering a harem is not easy. By dumb luck, an old silverback may die and the closest bachelor, after fending off attempts by rival males, may claim most of the harem.

More typically, however, the male collects a female at a time by challenging a silverback in an established group and luring a female away. As a result, most males do not mate while the lucky few sire a large number of offspring.

Gorilla mating begins when a female enters estrus. In response to hormones, her labia change colour and swell, and the females “present” their bottoms to the adult male(s) of the group. Because of the social structure, the female gorilla mates only with the silverback(s) in the group. In such a system, paternity is assured—if the father is not the dominant male, then it is his best buddy.

Although gorillas are remarkably peaceful in general, males engage in infanticide in two situations. The first is when a male gains a new female or takes over a whole troop. Here, he will often kill all the infants of his new mate(s). The second situation is more insidious. A male may invade an established harem and kill an infant, despite an aggressive defense from the silverback and the infant’s mother.

When this occurs, a strange phenomenon takes place—within a few days, the infant’s mother will abandon her group and take up with the strange male who killed her offspring! While a human mother would plot murderous revenge, the gorilla mother prefers to desert a male who proved incapable of defending her infant in favour of another male who is more likely to protect her future infants. For the killer, this type of infanticide is a tactic to gain a mating female.

ii. Chimpanzees:

Chimps are organized into communities centered on a cadre of adult males. Males remain within the troop into which they are born and forge strong social bonds with one another. They will travel together, groom one another, and aggregate into opportunistic hunting parties.

Although power politics and alliances are a way of life among the males in a chimp community, the males of a group unite against the males in neighbouring communities. They actively patrol their own groups’ territory to prevent incursion, and they form “party gangs” to raid a neighbouring chimp community in order to kill a male or abduct a female.

Females emigrate from their natal community and become associated with another group of males. Females do not bond with other females or with males as strongly as the males of a troop bond to one another, and they live in home ranges that overlap the troop’s territory. In the dominance hierarchy within the group, all the adult males are invariably dominant to the females.

According to Wrangham and Petersona young male “enters the world of adult males by being systematically brutal toward each female in turn until he has dominated all of them. … In a typical interaction, he might charge at the female, hit her, kick her, pull her off balance, jump on top of her huddled and screaming form, slap her, lift her and slam her to the ground, and charge off again.”

Like gorillas, chimp mating begins with estrus and has three forms. The first and most typical form is for the female to mate promiscuously and frequently with virtually every male in her group. In the second form, which often occurs close to ovulation, one of the high-ranking males may form a short-term, possessive bond with the female.

Here, the male will remain close to the female and use combinations of threats and aggression to discourage her from leaving and to prevent subordinate males from copulating. Both the promiscuous and possessive forms can take place within a single estrous period. The third and rarest form is the consortship.

Like gorillas, male chimps may practice infanticide when a new female joins their group with an infant. Males will gang up on the new female and despite her defense, eventually rip the infant away from her, take it to a secluded area, and kill it.

Essay # 2. Human Social Organization and Mating:

To illustrate predispositions and constraints shaped by evolution, let us compare human social organization, mating patterns, and aggression to those of gorillas, chimps, and bonobos. Imagine, for the moment, the college-aged men and women belonging to a human culture that followed the pattern of gorillas.

There could be sororities and fraternities, of course, but they would take a decidedly different form. Each sorority would be small and headed by a mature adult male who would jealously guard his harem and their offspring from contact with any other college male. In order to keep his females under eye, the male would probably demand that they all take the same classes that he takes.

Perhaps two or three different harem groups may share the same classroom, but there would probably be physical barriers in the room to prevent them from interacting. Otherwise, the males would disrupt the class by their displays, posturing, games of one-upmanship, and even overt aggression to prevent any female in their harem from leaving and/or to entice another female into joining their harem.

Each coed would feel that is quite natural to have sex with the male and have him as the father of her children. Although there may be squabbles among the women, there would be no possessiveness or jealousy about sharing him with the others. Both the male and the females may feel physical and perhaps even emotional attraction to one another. However, the concept of casually dating someone else would never even cross anyone’s mind.

Males without a harem would either live solitary lives or join together into an all-male fraternity. Bachelor males could easily take classes with other bachelor males, but to maintain order, the college would prohibit bachelors from taking courses with harems. If a harem master gets a bit long in the tooth, a bachelor will engage in repeated displays of dominance and aggression with him in order to drive him away and take over the women. If the bachelor succeeds, the females will not follow their former mate and father of their children. They will placidly go with the victor, have sex with him, and have his children.

There would be continual games of dominance between the bachelors and a harem male as he leads his harem and children across campus. Sometimes a bachelor might find a female and her infant isolated from the main group. Here, he might grab and kill the infant despite vigorous protests and attacks from the mother.

It may take a few days for the female to get over this event, but soon she would find herself attracted to her child’s killer and will leave her own harem group to join up with him. There would be no charges of murder or any disciplinary action from the university. The bachelor is doing what any reasonable unattached male would do to try to get a mate.

Now imagine a different scenario. Again, let us again consider collegiate life, but this time, one organized on the basis of the chimpanzee. Here, there are no dominant males with their harems. Instead, there would be very strong fraternities with fierce—perhaps even murderous—rivalries among them.

Sororities, if there were any, would have poor internal organization compared to the fraternities. In general, the women would act a bit more as loners while the males would almost always be found with their buds. Each sorority would be strongly associated with a fraternity.

A coed would go through cycles of heat and sexual abstinence. As she enters heat, the guys would pay closer attention to her and quarrel among themselves to get near her. Although she might prefer some males to others, she would find it very natural to have sex repeatedly with all the frat boys.

She must be careful in spurning someone’s advances; if she protests too much, she may be beaten and raped. As ovulation nears, one of the more dominant males might try to sequester her for himself by challenging any subordinate who tries to mate with her. He may be successful for a while, but he usually fails to inhibit her promiscuity—after all, he cannot guard her 24 hours a day. If she becomes pregnant, she will not know who the father was.

Essay # 3. Inclusive Fitness and Kin Selection:

Sometimes, mothering ring-neck pheasants perform a marvelous act of self-sacrifice. If a large animal trod too close to her nest, she will make a great deal of noise and run through the field flapping her wings. The safest course of action for her is to be silent, run a few steps to build up the momentum for flight and then soar away.

Yet she makes herself deliberately conspicuous to a potential predator and is sometimes caught in the process. Prairie dogs also show similar behaviour. When a raptor soars overhead or a land based predator approaches the colony, the prairie dogs who initially spot the threat stand upright on their hind legs and issue a series of loud barks that act as alarm codes for their colony mates to run post haste to their boroughs. This behaviour assists the colony as a whole, but at the expense of making the signaller conspicuous to the predator.

These are examples of altruism, a behaviour that can reduce the reproductive fitness of the altruist but increase the fitness of conspecifics. Ever since Darwin’s time, altruism posed a problem for natural selection. Certainly any heritable behaviour that reduced fitness should decrease over time.

Just consider a prairie dog colony that consists of 50% altruists and 50% cheats. When a cheater spots a predator, he hightails it to the nearest borough. The odds that the predator eats an altruist are slightly increased because the cheater has just removed one of his own kind from the denominator of vulnerable prairie dogs.

When the altruist spies the threat, she announces her position to the predator and places herself in danger. Both the other altruists and the cheaters benefit, but if anyone is to be devoured, it is once again more likely to be the altruist than the cheater.

Using mathematical models, Hamilton showed that altruism could evolve when altruistic genotypes preferentially benefit other altruistic genotypes over cheater genotypes. The clearest way for an altruistic genotype to do this is to have mechanisms that bias it to work altruistically for close genetic relatives.

Hamilton’s work presented the twin ideas of inclusive fitness and kin selection. Inclusive fitness is defined as the fitness of an individual along with the fitness of close relatives. Your inclusive fitness would be a weighted sum of your own reproductive fitness, that of your first-degree relatives, second degree relatives, etc.

Kin selection refers to implication of inclusive fitness that natural selection can work on the close genetic relatives of the organism actually performing the behaviour. In a loose sense, fitness can be expressed in terms of kinships just as we have seen it being expressed in terms of genotypes, phenotypes, and individuals.

Inclusive fitness and kin selection have been used to explain different human behaviours. The very fact that we humans recognize and pay close attention to genealogy may reflect a cognitive mechanism developed through evolution that helps in kin recognition.

The phrase “blood is thicker than water” has been interpreted as a realistic description of human emotions and behaviours that preferentially benefit kin over others. Several aspects of altruistic parental behaviour may have evolved through kin selection. Continual themes in fiction portray noble parents shielding their young children from potential harm, but evil stepparents threatening their stepchildren.

Daly and Wilson have pointed out how familial homicide patterns agree quite well with kin selection. Although rare, parents do murder a child, but the perpetrator of such a heinous act is much more likely to be a stepparent than a biological parent. Despite the hyperbolic threat “do that again and I’ll kill you” echoed by many a frustrated parent, very few parents ever even contemplate homicide when it comes to their offspring. The inhibition of homicide is not restricted to parents and their offspring.

Ask yourself the following two questions – “In your whole lifetime, which person has shouted at you and hit you the most?” and “Which person have you yelled at and fought with the most?” If you respond like most people, then you will nominate a brother or sister. Yet fratricide is very rare. Humans are much more likely to kill a spouse than an offspring or sibling.

Essay # 4. Reciprocity and Cooperation:

A close cousin to inclusive fitness is the concept of reciprocity and cooperation, sometimes called reciprocal altruism. Traditionally, inclusive fitness and kin selection have been used to refer to altruism towards genetic relatives.

Reciprocity and cooperation deal with behaviour that requires some “sacrifice” but also has beneficial consequences between conspecifics who are not necessarily genetic relatives. Hence, the target of the behaviour—a genetic relative versus another conspecific—distinguishes inclusive fitness from reciprocity/cooperation.

To understand reciprocity and the problem it posed for evolutionists, we must once again consider cheaters. Lions and wolves hunt large prey cooperatively. Although it is mentioned infrequently on the nature shows, chasing, grabbing, and killing large prey is not a safe enterprise.

Zebras kick and bite, wildebeest have horns, and caribou have antlers, so predators can be hurt, sometimes even mortally so, in the hunt. Imagine a cheating lioness who approaches the prey only after it is dead. Would not her behaviour be advantageous? She can participate in the feast but avoids the risk of injury.

If cheating has a selective advantage, then would it not eventually result in the extinction of cooperative hunting? Another problem is how cooperative hunting ever got started in the first place. Most feline predators like the lynx, tiger, cheetah, leopard, and jaguar, make a perfectly fine living at solitary hunting. Why did lions ever develop cooperation?

According to Trivers cooperation cannot evolve alone. It must be accompanied with mechanisms that detect and reward mutual cooperators and detect and punish cheaters. Consider grooming in primates. It serves the very useful function of eliminating large parasites (fleas, lice, etc.) from a hairy monkey or ape.

Imagine that you are a chimp and that a fellow chimp, Clyde, is continually presenting himself to you to be groomed. Being the nice chimp that you are, you groom Clyde every time that he requests it. After a while, however, you notice something peculiar. Whenever you present yourself to Clyde for grooming, he refuses.

Ask yourself how you truly feel about this situation and how you are likely to respond to Clyde’s future presentations. Again, if you are like most people, when Clyde presents to you, you would feel some form of negative emotion that could range from mild exasperation to downright contempt, depending on the type of chimp you are. At some point, you are also likely to refuse to groom Clyde. Evolutionary psychologists would say that this is your “cheat detection and punishment” mechanism in action.

Reciprocity evolves when reciprocity and cheating can be recognized or anticipated and then acted upon. If your roommate, Mary, is cramming for her physics exam, you are likely to bake some banana bread for her when you suspect that Mary will do something nice for you on the eve of your big chemistry exam next week.

But if Mary were the type of roommate who clutters and trashes the place leaving you to do all the cleaning up, then you are likely to feel irritated and aggravated at her. No banana bread tonight! We feel that it is right and just that everyone does their fair share, and as parents, we spend considerable time and effort inculcating this ethos into our children.

One of the strengths of the modern evolutionists is their ability to uncover subtle and non-obvious phenomenon that fit better with evolutionary theory than other theory. You were correct to express skepticism of the Mary example— after all, there is really no way to determine the relative influences of a biologically soft wired “cheat detector” and your upbringing on the behaviour. But consider the following example, taken from Pinker.

Essay # 5. Parental Investment:

Robert Trivers, who first explicated reciprocity and cooperation, also gave us parental investment theory. This theory states that in any species the parent (male or female) that invests the most time, energy, and resources on its offspring will be the choosier mate.

The theory begins by asking the fundamental question of why many species act finicky in choosing mates. Most evolutionists explain mate preferences as mechanisms that genes have developed in organisms to assist in their own (i.e., the genes own) replication.

Triver’s theory maintains that the fastidiousness of mate preferences will be stronger in the sex that expends the most resources in producing offspring. Ordinarily, this will be the female because biologists define a female as the sex of a species that produces the larger gamete. The sex that produces the larger gamete produces fewer of those gametes. Hence, each gamete is more “precious” in a reproductive sense.

In mammals, the female expends more resources on offspring than the male. Fertilization in mammals is internal to the female, offspring development takes place in the female’s uterus, and the female must suckle the infant for a significant period of time. Hence, female mammals should be choosier mates than the males. Indeed, this is always the case.

In species where one sex competes for mating, males compete with other males for the opportunity of having sex with females. Females do not butt heads with each other for the opportunity of mating with any random guy in the herd.

Even in chimps and bonobos, where mating is largely promiscuous, every male in a troop tries quite hard to have a go at any female in estrus. Whenever one sex shuns a mating attempt, it is the female shunning a male and not a male shunning a female.

Parental investment theory, along with the concept of certainty of parenthood, has been used to explain many different types of human mate preferences. Females must commit nine months to pregnancy and then, before the advent of manufactured baby formula, more than a year to feeding a single offspring.

Even if a woman conceived after her first menstruation, she could bear one child per year until menopause, and the most likely number of offspring for a female during most of human evolution was probably no more than five. A human male, on the other hand, has the potential of fathering a baby every single day after puberty.

Female humans are biologically constrained to devote considerable resources to a single offspring; human males lack such constraints. Hence, human females should have more discriminating mate preferences than males.

A litany of empirical observations is used to support of this conclusion. Certainly in our Western cultures, anecdotal observations agree with it. Males are more ready than females to engage in anonymous sex, even to the point of paying for it. Women report more sexual advances made on them by men than men report sexual advances initiated by women.

Consider the following questions—how long would you have to know someone before feeling comfortable going out on a date with that person, and how long would you have to know someone before getting married? Both males and females have similar time frames—a short time frame for dating and a longer one for matrimony.

Now consider this question—how long would you have to know someone before having sex? The average woman picks a time frame somewhere between dating and marriage. Males pick a time frame shorter than dating.

This account of human parental investment, however, faces a real problem—why should men ever stick around at all? If sleeping around with as many women as possible maximizes the reproductive fitness of the genes in a male organism, why would these genes ever develop mechanisms that predispose a man to settle down with a woman? The evolutionists answer to this is that it effectively “takes two to tango.”

Just like the peacock’s tail, men’s behaviour is influenced by women’s mate preferences. If mutations arose that influenced women to prefer men who stuck around, and if there were men who actually did stick around, and if the pairing between this type of woman and this type of man had high reproductive fitness, then females who prefer stabile males would increase in frequency as will males who actually remain stabile.

Essay # 6. Principles of Evolutionary Psychology:

Several decades ago, American psychology held several laws of learning as sacred. One law was equipotentiality and it stated that an organism could learn to associate any stimulus to any response with equal ease. The classic example is Pavlov’s dog who, according to this law, could have learned to associate a bright light to the food as easily as it learned to associate the bell with food.

The two stimuli, light and bell, are equipotent in the sense that given the same learning parameters, both could eventually lead the dog to salivate. A second law was temporal contiguity. This law stated that the presentation of a novel stimulus with a learned stimulus must occur quickly in time. In Pavlov’s case, the food must be presented shortly after the bell was rung in order for learning to occur.

The dog never would learn to salivate to the bell if the food were presented three days after the bell. The third and final law was practice—it took many trials before the behaviour was fully learned.

These laws begin to crumble after a series of fortuitous studies in the 1950s and 1960s by the psychologist John Garcia and his colleagues. Garcia’s initial interest centered on the behavioural effects of low doses of radiation.

In the experimental paradigm, rats were placed into a special chamber for a relatively long time while they were exposed to a constant amount of low level X-ray radiation. To keep the rats healthy, the chamber was equipped with water bottles containing saccharin-flavoured water.

Garcia and his colleagues noticed three important things:

(i) As expected, the rats became sick from the doses of X-rays;

(ii) Quite unexpectedly, the rats stopped drinking the sweetened water; and

(iii) The rats needed no practice to avoid the water—they learned after one and only one trial.

Garcia’s genius consisted in asking one simple question, “Why should these rats avoid drinking the water when the learning situation violated the accepted laws of learning?” According to the Pavlovian tradition, the unconditioned response (sickness) occurred several hours after the conditioned stimulus (sweetened water).

This clearly violated the law of temporal contiguity because the paring of sweetened water and sickness did not occur within a short time interval. Second, there was no need for practice. Most rats learned to avoid the water a single trial.

Garcia abandoned his initial interest in radiation poisoning to focus on this peculiar phenomenon of learning. His general results and conclusions are illustrated by the study of Garcia and Koelling. Here, rats were assigned to one of four groups in a two by two-factorial design.

The first factor was the sensory quality of water given to the rats—it could either be coloured with a food dye and oxygenated with bubbles (coloured, bubbly water) or mixed with saccharin (sweetened water).

The rats in the coloured, bubbly water/shock group eventually learned to avoid drinking the water, albeit after a number of trials. This accords well with the established laws of learning at the time. Rats shocked after drinking sweetened water, however, failed to learn avoidance within the time limit of the study. This fact clearly violated the established law of equipotentiality under which sweetness should lead to just as much avoidance as the visually coloured water.

Curiously, the effect of making the rats sick had showed the opposite pattern. Rats made sick by the coloured water had a difficult time learning to avoid it while rats sickened by lithium learned to avoid the water after one trial. The coloured-water/lithium group followed the established laws of learning because sickness did not occur in temporal contiguity with the water. The sweetened-water/ lithium group, on the other hand, violated the laws just as much as those rats made sick by X-rays did.

The current explanation for this curious state of affairs is that the laws of learning depend importantly on the biological predisposition of a species. The rat has evolved into a highly olfactory creature that perceives the world in terms of smell and taste. Indeed, rat colonies develop a characteristic smell that is used to recognize colony mates and identify intruders.

Rats are also scavengers who dine on a surprisingly wide variety of organic material. Because they locate food though smell, they are especially attracted to rotting fruit, vegetable, and animal matter because of its pungent odour. Rotting food, however, poses a problem for digestion because it can create sickness when it is too far gone.

Rats react to their food in a peculiar way. When a rat locates a novel food source, he seldom gobbles it all up. Instead, he will nibble a little bit of it, go way for several hours, and then return. The rat may repeat this another time or two—a quick taste, a lengthy departure, and then a return—but soon he will return and gorge on the food.

Interestingly, if an experimenter laces the original food source with enough poison to make the rat sick but not enough to kill him, the rat may return but will not eat the food any more. It is usually a quick, one trial learning experience.

Evolutionary psychologists speculate that rats evolved a biological predisposition and a behavioural repertoire to avoid rotting foods that may make them ill. At some point rats that nibbled at a novel food source out-reproduced those who gobbled the whole thing down, presumably because the gobbling strategy had a high probability of incapacitation or even death through sickness.

Similarly, rats who nibbled and learned quickly out-reproduced those who nibbled but took a long time to learn. And what sensory cues would the rat use to bad food from good food? Most likely they would be olfactory cues.

In this way, rats in the Garcia and Koelling study would easily learn to associate an olfactory cue (water sweetness) with eventual sickness but would have a harder time associating a visual cue (coloured, bubbly water) with sickness. Rats who learned to avoid sweetened water when they became sick were biologically predisposed to learn this and to learn it quickly.

Proponents of this interpretation of the data are quick to point out the role reversal that happens in different species. Birds, who are highly visual like us humans, associate visual cues with sickness with the ease that rats learn about olfactory cues and illness. Birds will readily learn to avoid, say, blue food pellets and eat red pellets. When presented with a novel pellet that is half blue and half red, the bird will peck at the middle, break the pellet in two, and then eat the red half.

The general phenomenon has now come to be called prepared learning or biological constraints on learning, a hypothesis that was initially proposed in 1911 by the famous learning theorist, E.L. Thorndike, but was ignored by later researchers. The prepared or constrained part of the learning process is due to the biology that has been evolutionarily bequeathed to a species.

Human Fears and Phobias From the perspective of evolutionary psychology, fear and panic—like most of our emotions—should be viewed as adaptive responses. They may be unpleasant to experience, but they serve the useful function of prompting us to avoid dangerous situations and/ or to energize our bodies for fight or flight.

The relationship between fear and adaptiveness resembles the inverted U- shaped function of stabilizing selection. In general, it is good to be in the middle of distribution. Too little fear could lead to maladaptive risk-taking while too much fear might incapacitate a person.

Related Articles:

• Essay on Parenting: Top 5 Essays | Human Behaviour | Psychology
• Essay on Human Evolution: Top 4 Essays | Psychology
• Behavioural Effects on Population Mating Structure | Evolution | Psychology
• Essay on Human Evolutionary Genetics: Top 4 Essays | Psychology

Essay , Psychology , Evolutionary Psychology , Essay on Evolutionary Psychology

We use cookies to enhance our website for you. Proceed if you agree to this policy or learn more about it.

• Essay Database >
• Essay Examples >
• Essays Topics >
• Essay on Psychology

Example Of Evolutionary Psychologically Argumentative Essay

Type of paper: Argumentative Essay

Topic: Psychology , Evolution , Literature , People , Ethics , Women , Behavior , Selection

Published: 02/20/2023

ORDER PAPER LIKE THIS

Introduction

Evolutionary psychology (EP) is a theoretical approach in natural and social sciences which examines the psychological structure from a modern evolutionary perspective. This topic deals with natural selection in human evolution or sexual selection. In psychology, this is one of the most important topics where people are trying to understand how evolution might have impacted the people into doing certain or having a certain behavior. Adapting to the environment is an important aspect of survival in this world. By understanding evolutionary psychology, such elements of adaptation such as identifying and preferring healthier mates can be studied and identify how humans beings have survived this long. Evolutionary psychology can also help the psychology world by understanding or discerning kin-from-kin or understanding the ability of an individual inferring the emotions of others. Evolutionary psychology is a field that offers multiple windows to understand how behavior or the minds have shaped the human race.

In the introduction to the article, the author has posted a question which is also the topic. The question reads Is Evolution a Good Explanation for the Psychological concept? The book starts with a summary where it discusses the debate which has engulfed the issue in Evolutionary Psychology. The author explains that evolutionary psychology has many critics who argue that the philosophical assumption of EP deny important aspects of humanity such as personal responsibility and morality. According to scholars, as written by the author, morality is evolutionary. However, critics also argue that the scholars have confused morality with psychology, and they are wrong in their perceptions of evolutionary psychology. In the article, some scholars state that evolutionary psychology has been helpful over the years and not evil as some people think. Those who are against EP argue that evolutionary psychology is not innocent, but rather, it has a negative implication for the people where humans have no real choice about their behavior and thus no responsibility. The article further discusses the future of evolutionary psychology. It discusses that EP has proven extremely powerful in generating new research questions, providing coherent explanations for basic human behavioral patterns, and generating novel findings of what it is human. In the article, Geer discusses the weakness of EP. He states the EP is inescapably undergirded with a variety of values, biases, and commitments that serve not only to shape and direct EP’s study of human behavior but to also provide a context in which data can be interpreted. Geher cites the work of David Buss in the article where mate0age selection proof that females select older men over the younger ones due to the imperatives of natural selection. Monism, which is another ideology of EP, has been discussed in the article where Monism is the idea that all reality is of the same subject or kind and the same laws and rules. The article further discusses how EPs reduce the meaning of life. This argument is given by critics where they argue that EPs reduce the meaning of life and relationship by making the body as a mechanical object. The author puts it that, if EP is taken seriously, then people's values and ethics is nothing more but merely an interaction of genetic survival mechanism and environmental happenstance. Geher concludes the article by stating that evolutionary psychology is not evil because from EP perspective, there is nothing like wrong or right, good or evil, reason, meaning or truth.

Analysis & Response

The interaction of people with the society or environment has also changed the behavior of individuals. I support the issue that natural and sexual selection is as a result of evolutionary change. As discussed in the book, women select men that are older than them or well built. This is not a thing that has been taught, but an evolutionary psychology. A woman in the company of a man feels safe compared to a company of women. It is not because the men are well built but just an evolutionary psychology where women take the men to be the aggressive party and brave in dangerous situations. Sex life is another topic that has been dealt with in the article regarding evolutionary psychology. The author discusses the mating styles that partners use from region to region is as a result of the evolutionary path. The number of sex partners desired is evolutionary in that; it has been developed by our ancestors from a long time. For example, many societies do not allow a woman to have more than one partner. It is shunned, and such a woman will be labeled all sorts of names. For a man, however, they have a niche of having more than two partners. This is an evolutionary trait that arises from our great ancestors who had countless women on their side. Men desire many sex partners while female companions only desire one partner at most. In conclusion, evolutionary psychology should be approached in the simplest way. The simple matter in the society shows how the psychology of different individuals is as a result of evolution. The environment changes the way we interact, but the native character is mostly never changed. This has what has natured some behavior in different individuals. Some critics mat argue that EP is dangerous to people and unwarranted for in the field of psychology, but as the author puts it, evolutionary psychology is not evil in any way.

Cite this page

Share with friends using:

Removal Request

Finished papers: 1772

This paper is created by writer with

ID 278410384

If you want your paper to be:

Well-researched, fact-checked, and accurate

Original, fresh, based on current data

Eloquently written and immaculately formatted

275 words = 1 page double-spaced

Get your papers done by pros!

Other Pages

Socrates argumentative essays, architecture creative writings, traffic creative writings, telephone creative writings, teamwork creative writings, steve jobs creative writings, banking creative writings, united nations thesis proposals, trade thesis proposals, unemployment thesis proposals, research paper on of languages broad and ascendant a review of bengali and urdu, the french and their revolution by richard cobb book review example, example of the influence of your parents that has played an important part in your life essay, marjane satrapi persepolis course work example, example of course work on a raisin in the sun, example of course work on factors affecting the real estate market, issues of identity in memento movie review examples, poetry comparison essay examples, free essay on information change, free research paper on discord violence and inevitability the devastation of ancient societies in partitioned, free literature review on wong kar wai as an auteur, free essay on roman art and literature, free essay on rights and protections, example of article review on work society canada in continental context, essay on business management, contemporary rganizational design article review examples, theory essay example, free essay on life on the beach corpus christi tx, critical thinking on three poems about mothers and homeland, research paper on scientific method and the end of liberal globalization, free report on race and your community, sales staff essays, permafrost essays, fright essays, acidification essays, contact lens essays, correspondent essays, thirst essays, burglar essays, internationalization essays, backing essays, town planning essays.

Password recovery email has been sent to [email protected]

Use your new password to log in

You are not register!

By clicking Register, you agree to our Terms of Service and that you have read our Privacy Policy .

Now you can download documents directly to your device!

Check your email! An email with your password has already been sent to you! Now you can download documents directly to your device.

or Use the QR code to Save this Paper to Your Phone

The sample is NOT original!

Short on a deadline?

Don't waste time. Get help with 11% off using code - GETWOWED

No, thanks! I'm fine with missing my deadline

Artificial Intelligence

Is the written word dead in the age of ai, llms are ushering in an age of dynamic, living documents..

Posted June 28, 2024 | Reviewed by Davia Sills

• Traditional text is static, while LLMs make it dynamic and interconnected, enriching understanding.
• LLMs adapt and provide interactive, personalized insights, transforming passive reading.
• LLMs amplify the text's context, offering millions of times more knowledge than human readers.

It's been said that print is dead, and the digital format has rendered ink on the page yesterday's modality for the dissemination of information. And while that's not completely the case—published books are thriving—it still reflects the technological evolution of how we consume information. In a similar way, the very nature of the written word is undergoing a transition from the static and limited presentation of words to a much richer dynamic in which these words "live" in a broader and more dynamic context, unlocking and integrating them into a vast perspective of interconnected wisdom . Let's take a closer look.

The Evolution of the Written Word

The written word has long been a cornerstone of human civilization, shaping education , culture, and communication. From ancient manuscripts to printed books, essays, and speeches, traditional text has served as the primary medium for conveying ideas. Today, we are turning the page on simple text, and large language models (LLMs) are transforming how we interact with the text. This transformation raises a provocative question: Is the traditional written word dead, and are LLMs ushering in a new age of dynamic, living documents?

The Static Nature of Traditional Text

Traditional written text, whether an essay, a book, or the 272 words of the Gettysburg Address, is inherently static. Once written, it remains unchanged, bound by the linear structure and context provided by its author. The interpretation of such text relies heavily on the reader's cognitive abilities, prior knowledge, and available resources. While this form of text has served humanity well, it has limitations in its ability to adapt and evolve in response to different contexts and inquiries.

Dynamic Connectivity: The LLM Advantage

When text is embedded in an LLM, it becomes part of a vast, interconnected web of knowledge. Each word, phrase, and concept is linked to countless other data points within the model, creating a rich tapestry of associations. This dynamic connectivity allows for a more profound and nuanced understanding of the text. For instance, when the Gettysburg Address is processed by an LLM, the model draws on its extensive training data to contextualize the speech within a broader historical, cultural, and linguistic framework.

Adaptive Context: Beyond Static Interpretation

One of the most significant and interesting advantages of LLMs is their ability to adapt to the context of text based on user interactions. A traditional reading of the Gettysburg Address is bound by the reader's cognition and the limited resources at their disposal. In contrast, an LLM can offer different interpretations and insights based on the specific queries and interests of the user. This adaptability turns static text into a living document that evolves with each interaction, providing new perspectives and deeper understanding.

Interactive Engagement: A New Dimension of Reading

LLMs transform the passive act of reading into an interactive, engaging process. Users can query the model, request elaborations, and explore related topics, making the text a responsive entity. This capability allows for a richer and more personalized reading experience. For example, a student studying the Gettysburg Address can ask the LLM for explanations of specific phrases, historical context, or comparisons to other significant speeches, thereby gaining a more comprehensive and interactive understanding.

Augmented Understanding: Enriching the Original Text

Another transformative aspect is LLMs' capacity to enrich the text with additional layers of information. When processed by an LLM, the Gettysburg Address is not just a standalone speech; it becomes a node within a broader network of historical and rhetorical knowledge. The LLM can provide background information on the Civil War, analyze rhetorical devices used by Lincoln, and draw connections to other pivotal moments in history. This augmentation offers a depth of understanding that goes beyond what static text alone can provide.

Emergent Properties: Discovering New Insights

Text within an LLM exhibits emergent properties—new insights and interpretations that arise from the complex interactions within the model. These properties can reveal patterns and connections that might not be immediately apparent in the static form. For example, the LLM might highlight themes of liberty and equality in the Gettysburg Address and relate them to contemporary discussions on civil rights and social issues. This ability to generate novel interpretations makes the text more resonant and relevant to modern readers.

Quantifying the Difference: A Vast Scale of Understanding

To appreciate the scale of difference between human cognition and LLM capabilities, consider the following quantification. A well-educated human reader might have read a few hundred books and have access to a limited number of external resources. In contrast, an LLM like GPT-4 is trained on datasets containing billions of words, equivalent to millions of books worth of information. This training allows the LLM to draw from an extensive and diverse pool of knowledge, making its capacity to contextualize and understand text orders of magnitude greater—potentially millions of times more robust than a human reader.

Embracing the Future of Text

While the written word in its traditional form remains valuable and relevant, the integration of text within LLMs represents a significant evolution. This new form of text is dynamic, interactive, and enriched, offering a more comprehensive and engaging reading experience. This shift is not about discarding the past but embracing the future, where the text becomes a living, evolving entity that provides deeper connections and insights. This partnership between human cognition and LLMs opens up a world of possibilities, enriching our engagement with the written word and elevating it to new heights—unlocking a profound and exciting journey that promises to reshape our intellectual landscape.

John Nosta is an innovation theorist and founder of NostaLab.

• Find a Therapist
• Find a Treatment Center
• Find a Psychiatrist
• Find a Support Group
• Find Online Therapy
• United States
• Brooklyn, NY
• Chicago, IL
• Houston, TX
• Los Angeles, CA
• New York, NY
• Portland, OR
• San Diego, CA
• San Francisco, CA
• Seattle, WA
• Washington, DC
• Asperger's
• Bipolar Disorder
• Chronic Pain
• Eating Disorders
• Passive Aggression
• Personality
• Goal Setting
• Positive Psychology
• Stopping Smoking
• Low Sexual Desire
• Relationships
• Child Development
• Self Tests NEW
• Therapy Center
• Diagnosis Dictionary
• Types of Therapy

Sticking up for yourself is no easy task. But there are concrete skills you can use to hone your assertiveness and advocate for yourself.

• Emotional Intelligence
• Gaslighting
• Affective Forecasting
• Neuroscience

Covering a story? Visit our page for journalists or call (773) 702-8360.

Inside the Lab

Top stories.

• George Haley, acclaimed critic of the Golden Age of Spanish literature, 1927‒2024
• UChicago researchers invent new fabric that reduces heat
• Feeling stuck? Here’s how to achieve a breakthrough, with Adam Alter (Ep. 139)

Thirty-one UChicago faculty members receive named, distinguished service professorships in 2024

Thirty-one members of the University of Chicago faculty have received distinguished service professorships or named professorships.

Profs. Clifford Ando, Curtis A. Bradley, Cathy J. Cohen, Steven Durlauf, Christopher Faraone, Ayelet Fishbach, Anthony Kaldellis, Young-Kee Kim, Sanjog Misra, Mitchell C. Posner and Alexander Todorov have been named distinguished service professors. Profs. David Archer, Daniel Bartels, David W. Chang, Paul Cheney, Tom S. Clark, Anna Costello, Benson Farb, Dwight N. Hopkins, Yamuna Krishnan, Gabriel Richardson Lear, Kay F. Macleod, Rochona Majumdar, Nadya Mason, Michael Minnis, Marcelo Nóbrega, Sarah Nooter, Joseph L. Pagliari, Eduardo Perozo, Oleg Urminsky and Yingming Zhao have received named professorships.

The appointments are effective July 1, unless otherwise noted.

Biological Sciences Division

David W. Chang has been named the first Ruth Hanna Simms Foundation Professor in the Department of Surgery.

Chang is a pioneer in the field of reconstructive surgery for cancer patients and is an expert in treating lymphedema—chronic swelling of the limbs that can occur in cancer patients after lymph node removal or radiation therapy. He has been instrumental in developing and promoting microsurgical treatments for lymphedema, including lymphovenous bypass and vascularized lymph node transplants.

An accomplished researcher, Chang has published widely and served on the editorial board of leading medical journals such as Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery . He is a past president of the American Society for Reconstructive Microsurgery and the World Society for Reconstructive Microsurgery.

Kay F. Macleod has been named the Hospira Foundation Professor in the Ben May Department of Cancer Research and the College.

Macleod’s lab focuses on understanding the role of mitochondria in tissue homeostasis and cancer. As a basic researcher, she uses cutting-edge approaches—in cell and molecular biology, systems biology, novel mouse models and human patient samples—to investigate how mitochondria modulate normal tissue function, how mitochondrial stress responses are regulated and how mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to cancer progression and metastasis.

Since January 2024, Macleod has served as associate director for basic sciences for the University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, overseeing basic research activities and research program infrastructure.

Mitchell C. Posner has been named the Thomas D. Jones Distinguished Service Professor in the Department of Surgery.

Posner is also Professor of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, and physician-in-chief for the University of Chicago Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center.

He is a leading authority on the treatment and management of upper gastrointestinal cancers, pairing his skills as a surgeon with a commitment to multidisciplinary care. As an award-winning researcher, Posner focuses on the molecular basis of malignancies; he has designed and guided groundbreaking clinical trials for cancers of the pancreas, esophagus, colon, stomach, rectum and liver.

Posner serves as a deputy editor of the Annals of Surgical Oncology , the section editor of the education/training section of Surgical Oncology Insight and the section editor for gastrointestinal diseases for the American Cancer Society journal Cancer . He is also a past president of the Society of Surgical Oncology. He was recently awarded the distinction of fellow of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

Marcelo Nóbrega has been named the A.N. Pritzker Professor in the Department of Human Genetics and the College.

Nóbrega’s research program focuses on how genetic variation increases the risk of human diseases, particularly the impact of noncoding genetic variants that are discovered by genome-wide association studies. His lab has developed pipelines that create integrated experimental and computational strategies to uncover the mechanisms linking regulatory variants to several human diseases, including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, asthma, and preterm birth.

Nóbrega is an associate dean for faculty affairs for basic science faculty in the Biological Sciences Division, where he co-leads efforts to promote faculty development, including orientation of new faculty, career development, and skill-building workshops on such topics as preparing for promotion, scientific writing, grantsmanship, trainee mentoring, leadership training, and wellness. He has also served as the chair of the Committee on Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology, along with several committees focused on recruitment, mentoring and training of graduate students and faculty.

Eduardo Perozo has been named the Lillian Eichelberger Cannon Professor in the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the College.

Perozo is a molecular neurobiologist whose lab seeks to define the molecular principles that drive the conversion of different forms of energy, such as electric fields and mechanical forces, into protein motion. He is particularly interested in protein dynamics, which link structure to function. His lab uses a combination of functional measurements at the single molecule and ensemble levels, biochemistry, and molecular biology, performing structural analyses through a combination of X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy of single particles. These structural techniques help them understand biological functions like mechanosensitivity in hearing and balance, and how proteins sense changes in the electric field across membranes of neurons and other excitable tissues.

He is the director of the newly formed Center for Mechanical Excitability, a senior fellow of the UChicago Institute for Integrative Physiology and is affiliated with the Institute for Biophysical Dynamics and the Neuroscience Institute. He is an elected member of the National Academy of Sciences and a Fellow of the Biophysical Society.

Yingming Zhao has been named the Louis Block Professor in the Ben May Department of Cancer Research and the College.

Zhao’s research is primarily dedicated to developing and applying mass spectrometry-based proteomics technologies, alongside various chemical and biological tools, to identify previously undescribed cellular pathways and investigate their functions. His team discovered 13 types of new, metabolite-mediated lysine acylation pathways. They also identified about 1,000 new histone marks bearing the new protein modifications, more than doubling the number of the previously known histone marks discovered during the first 50 years of chromatin biology. 

His work revealed numerous enzymes that can add or remove the new lysine acylations, identified specific binding proteins (or “readers’) for the novel histone marks, and discovered a new class of enzymes that can catalyze the synthesis of short-chain lipid CoAs which serve as co-factors for lysine acylations. His laboratory's findings demonstrate the crucial roles of these newly discovered ­­­­– pathways in epigenetic regulation and cellular pathophysiological changes. They have shown that these pathways contribute to various inborn metabolic diseases, affect the cellular microenvironment, including conditions like hypoxia, and play significant roles in the functions of immunological cells.

He has co-authored 190 peer-reviewed papers and has been ranked, since 2019, as one of the Highly Cited Researchers by Clarivate. He is a co-founder and serves on the Scientific Advisory Board of two biotechnology companies.

Humanities Division

Clifford Ando has been named the Robert O. Anderson Distinguished Service Professor in the Departments of Classics and History and the College, effective Sept. 1.

Ando’s research focuses on the histories of religion, law and government in the ancient world. His first book centered on the history of political culture in the provinces of the Roman empire, and he continues to write and advise on topics related to the provincial administration, the relationship between imperial power and local cultural change, and the form and structure of ancient empires. He has also written extensively on ancient religion. Significant themes were the connection of religion to empire and imperial government, especially in relation to pluralism and tolerance; and problems of representation in the use of objects in ritual. His current projects include a study of Latin as a language of the law and a study of legal theory in contexts of weak state power.

He is also general editor of Roman Statutes: Renewing Roman Law , a collaborative project that will produce a new edition, translation and commentary on all epigraphically-preserved Roman laws. The project is supported by grants from the The Gladys Krieble Delmas Foundation, the Neubauer Collegium, and the National Endowment for the Humanities.

Christopher Faraone has been named the Robert O. Anderson Distinguished Service Professor in the Department of Classics and the College.

A member of the UChicago faculty since 1992, Faraone focuses his research on ancient Greek poetry, religion and magic. He is the author of Talismans and Trojan Horses: Guardian Statues in Ancient Greek Myth and Ritual (1992); Ancient Greek Love Magic (1999); The Stanzaic Structure of Early Greek Elegy (2008); Transformation of Greek Amulets in Roman Imperial Times (2019); and Hexametrical Genres from Homer to Theocritus (2021).

He has also coedited a dozen scholarly volumes including (with I. Polinskaya), Curses in Context 3: The Greek Curse Tablets of the Classical and Hellenistic Periods, Papers and Monographs from the Norwegian Institute at Athens 12 (2021), (with F. Naiden), Ancient Victims, Modern Observers: Reflections on Greek and Roman Animal Sacrifice (Cambridge 2012), with D. Obbink, The Getty Hexameters: Poetry, Magic and Mystery in Ancient Greek Selinous (Oxford 2013). Most recently, he has co-edited with Sofia Torallas-Tovar The Greco-Egyptian Magical Formularies vol. 1 (Berkeley 2022) and The Greco-Egyptian Magical Formularies: Libraries, Books and Individual Recipes (Ann Arbor 2022), the latter of which was awarded the 2023 Charles Beebe Goodwin Book Award.

Anthony Kaldellis has been named the Gaylord Donnelley Distinguished Service Professor in the Department of Classics and the College.

Kaldellis’ research explores the history, culture and literature of the east Roman empire from antiquity to the 15th century. An earlier phase of it focused on the reception of ancient Hellenic culture, for example on how authors conceived their projects in relation to classical models ( Procopius of Caesarea , 2004), as well as the history of identities ( Hellenism in Byzantium , 2007), monuments ( The Christian Parthenon , 2009), and genres ( Ethnography after Antiquity , 2013). A second phase brought to light the enduring Roman matrices of Byzantine life and thought, focusing on its political sphere ( The Byzantine Republic , 2015) and ethnic identities ( Romanland: Ethnicity and Empire in Byzantium , 2019).

He has translated into English the works of many medieval Greek writers, such as Prokopios, Genesios, Psellos, Attaleiates and Laonikos Chalkokondyles. His own monographs have been translated into other modern languages, including Turkish, French, Romanian, Russian and Greek. In 2019, he created the first academic podcast for his field, Byzantium & Friends . He has just published a new, comprehensive history of Byzantium, The New Roman Empire (2023), which embeds social, economic, religious and demographic developments within a lively narrative framework.

Gabriel Richardson Lear has been named as the Arthur and Joann Rasmussen Professor in Western Civilization in the Department of Philosophy, the John U. Nef Committee on Social Thought and the College.

Lear is the chair of the John U. Nef Committee on Social Thought. Her first book, Happy Lives and the Highest Good: An Essay on Aristotle's Nicomachean Ethics (Princeton, 2004), is about the relationship between morally virtuous action and theoretical contemplation in the happiest life. She continues to publish on aspects of Aristotle’s ethics.

In addition, she has published a number of articles about the idea, pervasive in Ancient Greek ethics, that virtue is beautiful or splendidly good ( kalon ) and about the intersection of ethics and poetics in Plato’s philosophy. She co-edited Plato’s Philebus: A Philosophical Discussion (Oxford, 2019), which was the inaugural publication of the international Plato Dialogue Project.

Rochona Majumdar has been named the George V. Bobrinskoy Professor in the Departments of South Asian Languages and Civilizations, Cinema and Media Studies, and the College.

Majumdar is a historian of modern India with a focus on Bengal. Her writings span histories of gender and sexuality, Indian cinema and modern Indian intellectual history. Majumdar also writes on postcolonial history and theory.

Majumdar's first book, Marriage and Modernity: Family Values in Colonial Bengal challenges the assumption that arranged marriage is an antiquated practice. It was shortlisted by the International Convention of Asia Scholars (Social Science short-list) in 2011. Her second work, Writing Postcolonial History , analyzed the impact of postcolonial theory on historiography.

Her third book, Art Cinema and India's Forgotten Futures: Film and History in the Postcolony, is an analysis of global art cinema in independent India. It was awarded The Chidananda Dasgupta Memorial award for the best writing on Indian cinema in 2023, an Honorable Mention for the Modernist Studies Association Book Prize 2022, and commended for the Kraszna-Krausz Moving Image Book Award 2022.

Majumdar is currently working on two projects. The first is a collaborative project funded by the University of Chicago Center in Delhi entitled A Global history of the Hindoo/ Presidency College: Excellence and Exclusion (under contract with Cambridge University Press) with Upal Chakrabarti and Sukanya Sarbadhikary. The second is an annotated translation of Fifty Years of Politics That I Have Witnessed ( Amar Dekha Rajnitir Panchansh Bachar ) by the Bangladeshi intellectual and nationalist thinker Abul Mansur Ahmad.

Sarah Nooter has been named the Edward Olson Professor in the Department of Classics and the College.

Nooter writes about Greek drama and modern reception, and also about poetry, the voice, embodiment, queer theory, and performance. Her first book, When Heroes Sing: Sophocles and the Shifting Soundscape of Tragedy (2016), explores the lyrically powerful voices of Sophocles’ heroes. The Mortal Voice in the Tragedies of Aeschylus (2022) is on voice in Aeschylus and Greek poetry and thought more generally. Her most recent book, Greek Poetry in the Age of Ephemerality (2023), consists of a series of essays on Greek poems, understood as attempts at embodiment through performance and objecthood in the face of the ephemerality of human life. Her volume of translations called How to Be Queer: An Ancient Guide to Sexuality (2024) has just been released.

She has co-edited a book called Sound and the Ancient Senses with Shane Butler (2019) and a volume with Mario Telò entitled Radical Formalisms: Reading, Theory and the Boundaries of the Classical (2024). Finally, she is Editor-in-Chief of Classical Philology and has edited special issues on Poetry and Its Means , Athens: Stage, Page, Assembly , Tragedy: Reconstruction and Repair , and, most recently, Philology Transfigured .

Physical Sciences Division

David Archer has been named the first Allyse and Helmut Heydegger Professor in the Department of the Geophysical Sciences and the College.

Archer uses computer simulations to understand the balance between carbon dioxide levels in the oceans and in the atmosphere in the past to better predict the impact that changing levels will have on future climate. He has worked on a wide range of topics pertaining to the global carbon cycle and its relation to global climate, as well as the evolution of atmospheric carbon dioxide.

He is the author of The Long Thaw: How humans are changing the next 100,000 years of Earth's climate (2008), which earned him the 2009 Walter P. Kistler Book Award; as well as The Global Carbon Cycle (Princeton Primers in Climate) (2010), The Warming Papers: The Scientific Foundation for the Climate Change Forecast (2010) and an undergraduate textbook for non-science majors, titled Global Warming: Understanding the Forecast .

He is a fellow of the American Geophysical Union.

Benson Farb has been named the first Ann Gillian Sheldon Professor of Mathematics and the College.

Farb's work has spanned geometric group theory, low-dimensional topology, dynamical systems, differential geometry, Teichmuller theory, cohomology of groups, representation theory, algebraic geometry and 4-manifold theory, as well as the connections among these topics.

Farb was elected a fellow of the American Mathematical Society in 2012 and of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2021 and spoke at the International Congress of Mathematicians in 2014. Farb and his former student Dan Margalit were awarded the 2024 Steele Prize for their book “A Primer on Mapping Class Groups.” He has supervised 52 Ph.D. students and has been senior scientist for 15 NSF postdocs.

Young-Kee Kim has been named the Albert A. Michelson Distinguished Service Professor of Physics and the College.

Kim, special advisor to the provost, previously held the Louis Block Distinguished Service Professor of Physics and the College. She is an experimental particle physicist and devotes much of her research to understanding the origin of mass for fundamental particles.

Kim co-led the Collider Detector at Fermilab experiment, a collaboration with more than 600 particle physicists from around the world. She is currently working on the ATLAS particle physics experiment at CERN, as well as on accelerator physics research. She was deputy director of Fermilab between 2006 and 2013 and has served on numerous national and international advisory committees and boards.

She is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, a foreign member of the Korean Academy of Science and Technology, and a fellow of the American Physical Society, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the Sloan Foundation, as well as the recipient of the Ho-Am Prize and the Arthur L. Kelly Faculty Prize.

Kim notes that Albert A. Michelson, the recipient of the 1907 Nobel Prize in Physics, for whom the chair is named, was the first chair of the UChicago Department of Physics in 1892; Kim served as chair of that department between 2016 and 2022. Michelson also served as president of the American Physical Society in 1901-1902, and Kim is currently president of the American Physical Society.

Yamuna Krishnan has been named the Louis Block Professor of Chemistry and the College.

Krishnan is a groundbreaking chemist who crafts tiny “machines” out of DNA that can be used to monitor and explore how cells work at the microscopic level. Such knowledge can help us better understand diseases and disorders, develop drug targets, and check whether a drug is reaching its intended target in a cell. She investigates the structure and dynamics of nucleic acids, nucleic acid nanotechnology, cellular and subcellular technologies.

She has received numerous awards, including the NIH Director’s Pioneer Award, the Infosys Prize for Physical Sciences, the Sun Pharma award for Basic Medical Sciences and the Bhatnagar Award for Chemical Sciences and the Scientific Innovations Award from the Brain Research Foundation. She has been named one of Lo Spazio Della Politica’s Top 100 Global Thinkers of 2014 and to research journal Cell Press’s “40 Under 40.”

Social Sciences Division

Paul Cheney has been named the Sorin and Imran Siddiqui Professor in the Department of History and the College, effective Aug. 1.

A historian of Europe with a specialization in old regime France and its colonial empire, Paul Cheney exemplifies the qualities recognized by this appointment: a brilliant scholar and a dedicated teacher with a demonstrated commitment to Core programs of the College. His scholarly work has significantly influenced several fields with an ambitious combination of economic, cultural, and intellectual historical approaches.

His first book, Revolutionary Commerce (Harvard, 2010), is a new history of economic and political culture in enlightenment France, resulting in a new understanding of the origins of the French Revolution. His second, prize-winning book, Cul de Sac (Chicago, 2017) delves into the practical history of colonial economic life in the form of a "global microhistory" of a sugar plantation on Saint Domingue. His work has appeared in Past & Present, The William and Mary Quarterly, Dix-huitième siècle, Les Annales historiques de la Révolution française , and Modern Intellectual History .

Cheney has advanced this bold and creative agenda in research while also making superior contributions to the University community and to the undergraduate curriculum, including service as Chair of multiple Core sequences since his appointment as Assistant Professor of European History in 2006.

Tom S. Clark has been named the David and Mary Winton Green Professor in the Department of Political Science and the College.

Clark joined the UChicago faculty on July 1 from Emory University. Recognized for his leadership in American politics as a scholar of the U.S. judiciary, his approach is distinctive for its attention to the judiciary as an institution that operates as part of the broader political processes of government.

In his research, Clark has investigated how federal judges respond to varying public support for their positions, and the ways in which Congress’s actions serve to signal public support to the courts. These issues were the focus of his first book The Limits of Judicial Independence (2011, Cambridge University Press). In his second book, The Supreme Court: An Analytic History of Constitutional Decision Making (2019, Cambridge University Press), he examines the ways in which social and political forces affect the cases that are brought to the Court, and ultimately shape judicial decisions and the evolution of constitutional law. In addition to his two monographs, Clark is the author of dozens of substantive journal articles in the field’s top outlets, a casebook, and a forthcoming book studying police shootings in U.S. cities.

He has been a visiting fellow at Stanford’s Center for the Advanced Study of Behavioral Sciences, Princeton’s Center for the Study of Democratic Politics and the Institute for Advanced Study at the Toulouse School of Economics. Clark’s work has been recognized by major scholarly awards, including the William H. Riker Award, awarded for best book on political economy from the Political Economy Section of the American Political Science Association, the Joseph Bernd Award and the Neal Tate Award from the Southern Political Science Association and the Midwest Political Science Association’s Emerging Scholar Award.

Cathy J. Cohen has been named the D. Gale Johnson Distinguished Service Professor in the Departments of Race, Diaspora, and Indigeneity and Political Science, and the College.

She was previously the David and Mary Winton Green Distinguished Service Professor of Political Science. Cohen’s research has challenged her discipline to reimagine the boundaries of the political sphere, and to reevaluate conventional assumptions about the nature of political activity. She is the founder of GenForward, a nationally representative and intensive survey of young adults that pays special attention to how race and ethnicity shape how respondents experience and think about the world.

Cohen is the author of several books, including the award-winning and highly-cited  The Boundaries of Blackness: AIDS and the Breakdown of Black Politics  (1999, University of Chicago Press), and  Democracy Remixed: Black Youth and the Future of American Politics  (2010, Oxford University Press). She is also the co-editor of  Women Transforming Politics  (1997, NYU Press). Her articles have been published in numerous journals and edited volumes.

In addition to her scholarly contributions, Cohen has a distinguished record of service and leadership at the University and within the academy. She is currently the inaugural chair of the Department of Race, Diaspora, and Indigeneity and has previously served as director of the Center for the Study of Race, Politics and Culture, as deputy provost for graduate education, and as chair of the Political Science Department. She is a member of the board of the Russell Sage Foundation and has served in advisory and leadership roles in the American Political Science Association, the Social Science Research Council and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.

Booth School of Business

Daniel Bartels has been named the Leon Carroll Marshall Professor of Marketing.

Bartels investigates the mental representations and processes underlying consumer financial decision-making, moral psychology, and intertemporal choice.

His research has been published in Journal of Consumer Research , Cognitive Psychology , Psychological Bulletin , Cognition, Journal of Marketing Research, Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , and Psychological Science and has been featured in The New York Times , The Economist , The Atlantic, Wall Street Journal, Time, US News and World Report, Money Magazine, among other outlets. He is associate editor at Cognition .

Prior to joining Booth as a faculty member, Bartels taught behavioral economics at Columbia Business School. He also had a previous affiliation with Booth as a postdoctoral fellow for the Center for Decision Research from 2007-2010. Bartels earned a PhD in cognitive psychology from Northwestern University and a BS in psychology from the University of Wisconsin-Green Bay.

Anna Costello has been named the Jeffrey Breakenridge Keller Professor of Accounting.

Before joining Booth, she previously served as an assistant professor of accounting at the University of Michigan Ross School of Business and the MIT Sloan School of Management.

Costello’s research investigates the role of information sharing between supply chain partners. Specifically, her work shows that information asymmetry between buyers and suppliers impacts the terms and restrictions in long-term supply contracts. She also studies how trade credit between supply chain partners influences firm-specific and market-wide risk. Her research has been published in the Journal of Political Economy, the Journal of Financial Economics, the Journal of Accounting Research, the Journal of Accounting and Economics, and The Accounting Review .

Costello was awarded the Best Dissertation Award from the Financial Accounting and Reporting Section of the American Accounting Association. She received the 2014-2015 MBA Teacher of the Year Award from the MIT Sloan School of Management.

Ayelet Fishbach has been named the Eric J. Gleacher Distinguished Service Professor of Behavioral Science and Marketing.

Fishbach studies social psychology, management, and consumer behavior. She is the past president of the Society for the Science of Motivation and the International Social Cognition Network, and the author of GET IT DONE: Surprising Lessons from the Science of Motivation .

Fishbach is an expert on motivation and decision-making. Her groundbreaking research on human motivation has won the Society of Experimental Social Psychology’s Best Dissertation Award and Career Trajectory Award, the Society of Consumer Psychology’s Distinguished Scientific Contribution award, and the Fulbright Educational Foundation Award. She further received the Provost’s Teaching Award from the University of Chicago.

Fishbach’s work shows how people can live up to their highest aspirations. She’s written about exercising, healthy eating, working, studying, and saving money—the hard-but-worth-it challenges that occupy our lives. She studies self-control, intrinsic motivation, feedback, patience, and promoting a healthy lifestyle. 

Fishbach’s research has been published in many journals, including Nature , Psychological Review , Psychological Science, Journal of Consumer Research , Journal of Experimental Psychology: General , Journal of Marketing Research , and the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology . Her research is regularly featured in the media, including The New York Times, Financial Times , WSJ , CNN , and NPR .

Michael Minnis has been named the Fuji Bank and Heller Professor of Accounting.

He studies the role of accounting information in allocating investment efficiently by both managers and capital providers. His recent research focuses on understanding the role of privately held companies in the U.S. economy and how these firms use financial reporting to access, deploy, and manage capital.

Minnis joined the Booth faculty in 2010 and has served as the director of the Chookaszian Accounting Research Center since 2022. As launch committee co-chair, he has played an integral role in the development of the school’s new Master in Management and Master in Finance Programs.

From 2018-2023, he served two terms as a member of the Private Company Council, the primary advisory council to the Financial Accounting Standards Board on private company issues. He has also been engaged in a variety consulting projects outside of academia.

Before pursuing his PhD, Minnis worked in a variety of professional roles. He first started in corporate finance at Eli Lilly and Company, Inc. and later at Fitzgerald | Isaac, p.c. as a certified public accountant. He went on to found Controller Associates LLC. His firm provided part-time controller and Chief Financial Officer services to start-ups, small companies, and non-profit organizations, as well as a variety of financial statement analysis and consulting services.

Minnis received his PhD from the University of Michigan and his BS from the University of Illinois.

Sanjog Misra has been named the Charles H. Kellstadt Distinguished Service Professor of Marketing and Applied AI.

His research focuses on the use of AI, machine learning, deep learning, and structural econometric methods to study consumer, firm, and policy decisions. In particular, his research involves building data-driven intelligent models aimed at understanding how individuals make choices and investigating private and public policies that might influence those choices. More broadly, Misra is interested in the development of scalable algorithms, calibrated on large-scale data, and the implementation of such algorithms in real world decision environments.

Misra’s research has been published in Econometrica , The Journal of Marketing Research, The Journal of Political Economy, Marketing Science, Quantitative Marketing and Economics, the Journal of Law and Economics , among others. He has served as the co-editor of Quantitative Marketing and Economics and as area editor at Management Science , the Journal of Business and Economic Statistics , Marketing Science , Quantitative Marketing and Economics , the International Journal of Research in Marketing and the Journal of Marketing Research.

Prior to joining Booth, Misra was professor of marketing at UCLA Anderson School of Management and professor at the Simon School of Business at the University of Rochester. In addition, he has been visiting faculty at the Johnson School of Management at Cornell University and the Graduate School of Business at Stanford University.

Joseph L. Pagliari has been named the first John Mazarakis and Chicago Atlantic Clinical Professor, effective Feb. 1. He focuses his research and teaching efforts (based on over 40 years of industry experience) on issues broadly surrounding institutional real estate investment, attempting to answer important questions from a rigorous theoretical and empirical perspective. These issues include: the risk-adjusted performance of core and non-core funds; principal/agent issues in incentive fees; a comparison of REITs and private real estate; real estate’s pricing and return-generating process; real estate’s role in a mixed-asset portfolio; analysis of high-yield (or mezzanine) financing; and the strategic uses of leverage.

 He has authored (or co-authored) numerous papers on a variety of these topics. He has also co-authored several chapters in the Handbook of Real Estate Portfolio Management, of which he is also the editor. He has presented these papers and thoughts on other topics at a variety of industry events (including ARES, AREUEA, NCREIF, NAREIM, PREA and ULI) as well as the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta and testimony before a subcommittee of the House of Representatives. His views on these and other topics have also been published in the popular press, including Barron’s and The Wall Street Journal.

Alexander Todorov has been named the Walter David “Bud” Fackler Distinguished Service Professor of Behavioral Science.

Todorov studies perception, judgment, and decision-making. As an alternative to standard theory-driven experiments to study perception and judgment, Todorov’s lab pioneered data-driven computational methods. These methods model and visualize the perceptual basis of judgments (e.g., what makes an object beautiful) without prior assumptions, and can be used as a discovery tool. Building on this past work, his current research uses generative AI to model individual human preferences. Another line of research is on the incompleteness of human statistical intuitions and the conditions under which these intuitions impair decision-making.

Todorov’s research has been published in many journals, including Science , PNAS , Nature Human Behavior , Trends in Cognitive Sciences , Psychological Science , Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, Journal of Vision , and Journal of Neuroscience . Media coverage of his research has spanned internationally. Among the outlets in the US that have covered his research are PBS, NBC Today Show, NPR, The New York Times, and The Wall Street Journal. Todorov was awarded the 2008 SAGE Young Scholar Award from the Foundation for Personality and Social Psychology, a 2010 Guggenheim Fellowship from the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, and the 2019 Career Trajectory Award from the Society of Experimental Social Psychology. His most recent book is Face Value: The Irresistible Influence of First Impressions .

Prior to joining Booth, Todorov was a professor of psychology at Princeton University from 2002 to 2020.

Oleg Urminsky has been named the Theodore O. Yntema Professor of Marketing.

Urminsky studies decision-making and the implications for consumers, policymakers and firms. He studies how information, incentives, goals, temporal horizons, identity, emotions and the decision environment interact to shape individual decision-making. He teaches experimental research methods for MBA and PhD students.

Urminsky’s research has been published in Cognition , Journal of Consumer Research , Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, Journal of Marketing Research , Marketing Science , Nature Human Behavior and Psychological Science as well as other journals. His paper, “The Goal-Gradient Hypothesis Resurrected: Purchase Acceleration, Illusionary Goal Progress, and Customer Retention” was a finalist for the 2007 Paul Green award and 2011 O’Dell award. His recent research investigates how the relationships between emotions and economic decisions vary around the world, how planning and anticipated interpersonal interactions impact patience, how language impacts online engagement, and the importance of field experiments for testing policies.

Urminsky’s past experience includes political polling and advertising research, including working on the largest worldwide study of brands, the Brand Asset Valuator, as well as presidential and senate campaigns.

Divinity School

Dwight N. Hopkins has been named the Laura Spelman Rockefeller Professor.

Hopkins is a constructive social impact theologian (his first Ph.D. degree) with emphasis on wealth ownership informed by history, politics, and religion (his second Ph.D. degree). He asks: how does faith plus wealth equal freedom? — which is the content and goal of human liberation. Wealth means the ownership of earth, air, and water. Faith underscores humans having collective visions beyond the individual self. And freedom points to humans not owing anything to anyone. In this way of life, people are free fully to pursue living.

His MBA degree complements this path to relate the humanities/theology with wealth/business to expand being fully human for people whose traditions pursue faith plus wealth equals freedom. For him, educational technology and ethics in Artificial Intelligence represent a door opening to such a visionary and practical freedom, especially for younger generations.

Hopkins’ research begins with how people have always had agency and opportunity. For example, he developed three courses on Black Ownership of Wealth, from 1619 to the present.

Like John D. Rockefeller (the founder of the University of Chicago), Hopkins comes out of the Baptist tradition, but framed by Episcopalian impacts.

Harris School

Steven Durlauf has been named the Frank P. Hixon Distinguished Service Professor.

The director of the Stone Center for Research on Wealth Inequality and Mobility, Durlauf conducts research that spans topics in economics, including poverty, inequality and economic growth. He helped pioneer the application of statistical mechanics techniques to the modeling of socioeconomic behavior and has also developed identification analyses for these models. Durlauf is also known as a critic of the use of the concept of social capital by social scientists and has also challenged the ways that agent-based modeling and complexity theory have been employed by social and natural scientists to study socioeconomic phenomena.

Durlauf is currently a general editor of the Elsevier Handbooks in Economics series. He was a general editor of The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics (2008), the most extensive compendium of economic knowledge in the world. He was also the editor of the Journal of Economic Literature from 2013 to 2022.

He is a fellow of the Econometric Society, a fellow of the Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory, a fellow of the International Association of Applied Econometrics and a research associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research. He was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2011.

Curtis A. Bradley has been named the Allen M. Singer Distinguished Service Professor of Law.

A foreign relations law expert, Bradley has research interests that include international law, constitutional law and federal court jurisdiction. His latest book, Historical Gloss and Foreign Affairs: Constitutional Authority in Practice —due out in October—examines how the constitutional law governing the conduct of foreign affairs has evolved significantly throughout history, positing that these changes were developed through the practices of presidents and Congress rather than by Supreme Court rulings or formal constitutional amendments.

He is also the author of International Law in the US Legal System (3d ed. 2020), the editor of The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Foreign Relations Law (2019), and the coauthor of two casebooks: Foreign Relations Law: Cases and Materials (8th ed. 2024) and Federal Courts and the Law of Federal-State Relations (10th ed. 2022).

From 2012-2018, Bradley served as a reporter on the Restatement (Fourth) of the Foreign Relations Law of the United States, and in 2023, began serving as a reporter on the latest phase of this Restatement. Early in his career, Bradley clerked for Judge David Ebel on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit and Justice Byron White on the U.S. Supreme Court. In 2004, he served as counselor on international law in the Legal Adviser’s Office of the U.S. State Department.

Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering

Nadya Mason has been named the first Robert J. Zimmer Professor of Molecular Engineering, effective Feb. 1.  

The dean of the Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, Mason focuses her research on nanoscale electronic properties in systems such as nano-scale wires, atomically thin membranes, and nanostructured superconductors, with applications in nanoscale and quantum computing.

Before joining UChicago in 2023, Mason was the Rosalyn S. Yalow Professor of Physics at the University of Illinois and directed the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology.

Dedicated to advancing diversity in the physical sciences and mentoring, Mason is the former chair of the American Physical Society Committee on Minorities, where she helped initiate the “National Mentoring Community.” She regularly contributes to science outreach through local TV appearances, the Chicago Museum of Science and Industry, and a TED talk on "Scientific Curiosity."

Mason is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and is the recipient of numerous awards, including the 2009 Denise Denton Emerging Leader Award, the 2012 APS Maria Goeppert Mayer Award and the 2019 APS Bouchet Award.

Recommended Stories

Eighteen UChicago faculty members receive named, distinguished…

Sixteen UChicago faculty members receive named, distinguished service…

Get more with UChicago News delivered to your inbox.

Related Topics

Latest news, big brains podcast: feeling stuck here’s how to achieve a breakthrough.

Can you find good health information on TikTok? UChicago study advises caution

Dispatches from Abroad

Aboard a drilling rig in the Mediterranean, scientists seek to understand Earth’s past climates

A UChicago student finds connection and career path in Berlin

Go 'Inside the Lab' at UChicago

Explore labs through videos and Q and As with UChicago faculty, staff and students

Upgraded synchrotron starts up at Argonne National Laboratory

Materials science

UChicago scientists pioneer technique to visualize anti-ferroelectric materials

Around uchicago.

Pride Month

How UChicago’s Center for the Study of Gender and Sexuality ‘is here for everyone’

Quantrell and PhD Teaching Awards

UChicago announces 2024 winners of Quantrell and PhD Teaching Awards

Campus News

Project to improve accessibility, sustainability of Main Quadrangles

National Academy of Sciences

Five UChicago faculty elected to National Academy of Sciences in 2024

UChicago graduate student selected as 2024 Paul and Daisy Soros Fellow

Kavli Prize

UChicago President Paul Alivisatos shares 2024 Kavli Prize in Nanoscience

“you have to be open minded, planning to reinvent yourself every five to seven years.”.

First student awarded scholarship in honor of historian, civil rights activist Timuel D. Black

Evolution Essay Topics & Ideas

• Persuasive Essay Topics About Evolution
• Interesting Essay Topics About Evolution

Informative Essay Topics About Evolution

Evolution essay topics for college students, evolution essay topics for high school students.

• Evolution Compare and Contrast Essay Topics

✒️ Persuasive Essay Topics About Evolution

• A report on the landscape evolution of the Durham coast
• A Review of The Origin and Evolution of Mass Communication and Technology
• A Study of How Occupy Wall Street Movement, The Evolution of Protests, and The New Era of Social Media Have Helped Create a Basis for Community Protest
• A Study on Aggression and Altruism in Humans and Non-human Primates and Its Importance to Evolution
• A Summary of Radical Evolution by Joel Garreau
• Adrienne Rich’s Evolution as a Poet
• American Revolution Accelerated evolution vs Cataclysmic revolution
• American Revolution or Evolution
• An Argument Against the Modern Theory of Evolution
• An Evolution of The Atomic Theory
• An Overview of Criminal Profiling and Its Evolution
• Analysis of The Evolution of Vampires Approaching The Twenty-first Century
• Analyzing The Evolution of Liberalism as an Ideology
• Animal Intelligence and Evolution of the Human Mind
• Background & The Evolution of the Internet
• Basketball History: The Evolution of Basketball Throughout The Years
• Beauty: the Evolution of Perception
• Biogeography as Evidence That Evolution Accounts for Diversity of Life
• Biology Paper on Evolution of Birds
• Bipedalism and Evolution
• care home management is the evolution of subjective
• Case Study Dove Evolution of a Brand
• Case Study: Evolution Psychology
• Case Summary of Jamie Turner the Case Describes the Evolution

✨ Best evolution Topic Ideas & Essay Examples

• Cladistics and Evolution The earth is a continually evolving sphere, composed of billions of different creatures – humans, bees, flies, ants, dogs, cats, crocodiles, birds, trees, vines, plants; the list is endless. The number is so vast that one lifetime would not be ….
• Discovering Yourself Through the Evolution of Self Growth in Existentialism Existentialism is a philosophy theory implicated with discovering yourself through the evolution of self growth. Throughout the novel The Stranger by Albert Camus the conception of existentialism is often seen at the hand of the protagonist, ….
• Evolution of Man as a Tool Making Animal Using tools has been interpreted as a sign of intelligence, and it has been theorized that tool use may have stimulated certain aspects of human evolution-most notably the continued expansion of the human brain. Paleontology has yet to explain the ….
• The Evolution of American Thinking on Liberalism and Equality (1860-1980) American thinking on liberalism and equality over timeCongresstime congress over time between the 1800s and 1900s. Beginning in 1865, President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated but lived on through one word: liberty. Lincoln provided many benefits ….
• Cisco Systems – Managing the Go-to-Market Evolution Technology Case Solutions Cisco Systems: Managing the Go-to-Market Evolution 1) How have Cisco’s channels evolved in the last 10-15 years? Why have they evolved that way? Ans# In the last five years, there has been a marked shift in Cisco’s ….
• The Evolution of the Harley Davidson Nearly a century ago, the first motorized bike was invented. The idea came from two ambitious young men, William J. Harley and Ben Davidson. Upon completion of their first successful prototype in a backyard shed, they were ready to show the world ….
• creation andverses evolution Ever since the publication of Charles Darwin’s The Origin of Species was published, there has been an ongoing debate between science and religion. Scientists have formulated many theories as to the origins of man and to the creation of the earth, ….
• Atmosphere evolution of rocky planets Atmosphere can be defined as a gaseous compound layer surrounding a large body mass suspended by means of gravity and centrifugal force caused by rotation [1]. Atmospheres of planets have not always been the same, its evolution comprised of complex ….
• Cyber Security Evolution Cyber safety is the secure and responsible handling of information and communication technology (ICT) in different aspects that include the internet and software systems. On the other hand, online security focuses on the privacy and security of the ….
• Retailing evolution in India – an analysis Retailers include street vendors, local supermarkets, department stores, restaurants, hotels, barbershops, airlines and bike & car showrooms and even the nearby ‘kirana’ stores. Still retailing may or may not involve the use of a physical location. ….
• The Evolution Of The Horror Film The Development of the Horror Film How on Earth do horror movie managers sleep at dark? Don ’ T they of all time wake up and state, “ Is this what my life is about: devising people fear dark suites, old houses, and things that go bump in the dark? ” ….
• The Evolution Of Music In the video we saw in class we learned about the advancement of music with the development of technology. The first thing that we saw was how the bell makers now use computers to eliminate the unwanted sounds from bells by creating bells of ….
• Human Evolution in a Film “Becoming Human” In this short film, the main focuses are on why and how we became human over millions of years. The Afar in North Eastern Ethiopia, part of The Great Rift Valley, is the location of the first steps in discovering the answers. Archeologist, Zeresenay ….
• Human evolution in africa Evolution In AfricaHumans, as we consider ourselves, evolved in Africa. Not entirely, but from early primates to our present state. Many people dispute this fact, despite astounding evidence supporting the theory, for various reasons. Showing all ….
• The Impact of Eras on the Evolution of Leadership Theory World events, such as the World War I, the Great Depression, World War II, Baby Boom, Civil Rights, the women’s movement, and the digital age, changed the world. These events and how they influenced leadership theory will be explored. Additionally, ….
• Longevity in Human Evolution Diamond proposes that one evolutionary advantage that we have is longevity. Discuss the implications of this advantage in evolutionary terms. Diamond suggests one advantage that progressed through the evolutionary tree, is longevity. We will discuss ….
• E-reader Market Evolution E-reader market evolution started in late 2007 when Amazon releases its e-reader device named Kindle. Kindle is a mobile reading device connects to Amazon library through 3G network to download books, magazines, newspapers, personal documents. ….
• Darwins theory on evolution Discuss Evolution Theory according to Darwin In 1838, Charles Darwin put together his Theory on Evolution. Darwin tried to prove his theory that man was the center of the world and not God. He believed that evolution was gradual on both humans and ….
• Evolution of Porter’s Five Forces Model Five forces is a model for the industry analysis and concern scheme development developed by Michael E. Porter of Harvard Business School in 1979. Michael Porter is a professor at Harvard Business School andis a prima authorization on competitory ….
• Evolution of the Supply Chain Management After Second World War there was a high demand to increase production, the most portion of the universe was enduring from hungriness. The universe entered in the Productivism epoch, most makers gave precedence to mass production to minimise unit ….

✍ Interesting Essay Topics About Evolution

• Charles Darwin and the Theory of Evolution
• Charles Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
• Cisco Systems Managing The Go To Market Evolution Case Solution
• Compare Darwin’s Theory of Evolution to Lamarck’s
• Comparison-Theory of Evolution vs Creationism Theory
• Complexity, Natural Selection and the Evolution of Life
• Contributors to the Evolution of American Higher Education System
• Creation, Evolution and Intervention
• Creationism vs. Evolution
• Cultural Evolution of Early Filipinos
• Darvin and Evolution – Lesson Plan
• Darwin and Wallace Island Finch Evolution Lab Experiment
• Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
• Darwin’s Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection
• Darwin’s Reactions to Evolution by Natural Selection
• Darwin’s Theory of Evolution & Natural Selection
• Defining Diversity: the Evolution of Diversity
• Development of Evolution Concept
• Did Climate Effect Human Evolution
• Digital Evolution in The Indian Banking System
• Dove Evolution of brand
• Dove: Evolution of a Brand
• Dr. William Edwards Deming – The Father of The Quality Evolution
• Ecology and Evolution of Nervous System
• Elaborate on the Evolution of Human Resource Management
• Electronic Crimes as a Result of The Evolution of Technology and Digital Society
• Elisabeth Kubler-ross Book The Fear of Death; How It Has Tackled Death’s Evolution
• Entrepreneurship in India – Evolution and Transformation
• Evaluation of Charles Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
• Evolution According to Natural Selection
• Evolution Alongside Creationism School
• Evolution and Process of The Devonian Extinction
• Evolution and Trends of Information Systems
• Evolution by Natural Selection
• Evolution in Biology
• Evolution in Canadian labor industry
• Evolution of Advertising in Nigeria
• Evolution of American democracy from 1865 to date
• Evolution of an Urban Area
• Evolution of Attitude in Eliot’s “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”
• Evolution of Australian Mammals
• Evolution of Basketball from 1900 to Present
• Evolution of building materials
• Evolution of Computer Technology
• Evolution of Corporate Governance in India and Abroad
• Evolution of Dance
• Evolution of Detective Fiction
• Evolution Of Diabetes Treatment Health And Social Care
• Evolution of E-Business
• Evolution of Entrepreneurship
• Evolution of Event Industry
• Evolution of Fashion: Styles, Trends, History
• Evolution Of Female Nude Figures Cultural Studies
• Evolution of film
• Evolution of Financial Management
• Evolution of Folk Music
• Evolution of Games
• Evolution of globalization
• Evolution of Hair and Eye
• Evolution of Health Care Information Systems
• Evolution of Hrm
• Evolution of Human Resource Management
• Evolution of Human Resource Management (HRM)
• Evolution Of Human Resource Management Functions
• Evolution of Humanity in World
• Evolution Of Individual Rights
• Evolution of Leadership in the Educational System
• Evolution of Leadership Models
• Evolution of Life as Dasavatharam
• Evolution of Managed Care
• Evolution of Management
• Evolution of Management Accounting
• Evolution of Management Thinking
• Evolution of Management Thought
• Evolution of Management Thoughts
• Evolution of Management to Nowadays
• Evolution of Marriages Amongst Different Religion
• Evolution of Marsupials
• Evolution of Medical Racism
• Evolution of Microprocessor
• Evolution of Mobile Communication
• Evolution of Mobile Phone Technology
• Evolution of Monopolistic Competitive Market
• Evolution of Musical Theatre
• Evolution of Nursing Care
• Evolution Of Outdoor Advertising In Nigeria
• Evolution of Polo Ralph Lauren and his Biography
• Evolution of Power Distance in Russia
• Evolution of primate intelligence
• Evolution of Primates
• Evolution of Science
• Evolution of Selling
• Evolution of Skyscrapers
• Evolution of Supply Chain Finance (scf)
• Evolution of Surveying Equipment
• Evolution of Tattoos

⭐ Evolution Compare and Contrast Essay Topics

• Evolution of the Electronic Health Record
• Evolution of the Erp Systems
• Evolution of the Genus Homo
• Evolution of The Government in India
• Evolution of the Graphic Design Industry
• Evolution of the Ipod
• Evolution of the NCO Insignia
• Evolution of the Opera in Europe
• Evolution of the Refrigerator
• Evolution of The Winter Sport of Skiing
• Evolution of Tow Trucks
• Evolution of Vans Through The Ages
• Evolution of Volkswagen
• Evolution of Western Ideas
• Evolution of Wireless Technology
• Evolution of Women in the Military
• Evolution of Women’s Rights Since 19th Century
• Evolution of Zombies on Film
• Evolution on Tasmainian Devils
• Evolution or Ignorance of Education
• Evolution Secret of the Haute Couture World
• Evolution Theory: The Idea of Survival of The Fittest
• Exploring The Evolution Of Environmental Management Environmental Sciences
• Forensic Science: Evolution and how it has helped to solve many infamous crimes

Get a Quality Essay on Your Topic

Topic Details

Other Topics

• Suicide Essay Topics & Ideas
• Abortion Essay Topics & Ideas
• American Revolution Essay Topics & Ideas
• Capitalism Essay Topics & Ideas
• Civil Rights Movement Essay Topics & Ideas

Hi, my name is Amy 👋

In case you can't find a relevant example, our professional writers are ready to help you write a unique paper. Just talk to our smart assistant Amy and she'll connect you with the best match.

Understanding Elasticities in the Context of Post-COVID Inflation Dynamics

Introduction.

This review reveals the complex relationship between economic elasticity concepts, described in Chapter 3 of the course material Quantitative Demand Analysis, and their application to scientific work “Understanding Post-COVID Inflation Dynamics” by Martín Harding, Jesper Lindé, and Mathias Trabandt. In economics, three main quantitative tools are elasticities – own price elasticity of demand, cross-price elasticity, and income elasticity. Many tools assist economists in predicting consumer demand changes shifts, changes in revenues, and price variations (Baye, 2010). All these elasticities play an essential role in determining how consumer behavior will become and make a crucial first stage to understanding market complexities and controlling multidimensional market environments of modern markets (Harding et al., 2023). In this regard, elasticity enables a relationship between economic theories and the ongoing implications of COVID-19.

Article Summary

A detailed analysis of the inflation dynamics after COVID-19, including several economic situations, is presented in “Understanding Post-COVID Inflation Dynamics”. The authors discuss the complexities of the pandemic’s effect on various economic aspects, ranging from changes in consumer behavior to income distribution trends and price structures (Harding et al., 2023). The article offers an in-depth analysis of post-COVID-19 economic forces using sophisticated economic models. The work is focused on determining detailed trends in inflationary models that emerged after the pandemic; such data serve both economists and policymakers working toward post-COVID-19 economic recovery (Harding et al., 2023). This relationship enables the authors to present how they can contribute to a deeper understanding of the developmental trends of COVID-19.

Application of Elasticities Concept

Employing the perspective of elasticities in the article, it is possible to identify its importance in terms of post-pandemic environments with inflationary indicators. When suggesting how price changes may influence customers’ behavior, one’s price elasticity of demand becomes relevant. For example, knowing what types of goods are elastic and inelastic is helpful to know how adjustments in the prices of these goods can affect total expenditure, ultimately leading to inflation (Baye, 2010). Cross-price elasticity becomes essential for assessing the influence of price changes in substitutes or complementary goods, especially when forecasting indicators of overall inflation levels. For instance, the increase in the price of international travel resulting from COVID-19 restrictions may cause cross-elasticity to influence domestic tourism positively and, consequently, general inflation (Baye, 2010). Moreover, the income elasticity gives insights into how consumer income changes might impact demand for different goods and services, helping to see inflationary forces more clearly after COVID-19 (Doh & Yang, 2023), in the post-COVID-19 situation where there may occur changes in employment structure and income distribution, understanding how such changes impact demand for goods and services is essential as it will allow predicting the future trends of inflation.

The elasticities framework presented serves as an insightful lens to interpret and analyze post-COVID-19 inflation trends described in the article. In line with some fundamental economic principles, the article ‘Understanding Post-COVID Inflation Dynamics’ provides practical facts about the dynamics of inflationary trends. The use of elasticities helps economists and policymakers explore the complex recovery trajectory in post-COVID-19 economics. This review exemplifies the smooth transition between theoretical economic ideas and practice. It also shows how economic principles are the basis of contemporary understanding and what should be done to address problems that correspond with them.

Baye, M. R. (2010).  Managerial economics and business strategy .

Doh, T., & Yang, C. (2023). Shocks, Frictions, and Policy Regimes: Understanding Inflation after the COVID-19 Pandemic.  Available at SSRN 4682305 .

Harding, M., Lindé, J., & Trabandt, M. (2023). Understanding post-covid inflation dynamics.  Journal of Monetary Economics .

Cite This Work

To export a reference to this article please select a referencing style below:

Related Essays

Economic impact of faith, supervisor and supervisee alliance working agreement, evaluation of services that i consumed last week, experience in costa coffee shop, withdrawal of fuel subsidy in kenya on grounds of unsustainability, correlation between ice-cream sales and temperature, popular essay topics.

• American Dream
• Artificial Intelligence
• Black Lives Matter
• Bullying Essay
• Career Goals Essay
• Causes of the Civil War
• Child Abusing
• Civil Rights Movement
• Community Service
• Cultural Identity
• Cyber Bullying
• Death Penalty
• Depression Essay
• Domestic Violence
• Freedom of Speech
• Global Warming
• Gun Control
• Human Trafficking
• I Believe Essay
• Immigration
• Importance of Education
• Israel and Palestine Conflict
• Leadership Essay
• Legalizing Marijuanas
• Mental Health
• National Honor Society
• Police Brutality
• Pollution Essay
• Racism Essay
• Romeo and Juliet
• Same Sex Marriages
• Social Media
• The Great Gatsby
• The Yellow Wallpaper
• Time Management
• To Kill a Mockingbird
• Violent Video Games
• What Makes You Unique
• Why I Want to Be a Nurse
• Send us an e-mail

• Free Samples
• Premium Essays
• Editing Services Editing Proofreading Rewriting
• Extra Tools Essay Topic Generator Thesis Generator Citation Generator GPA Calculator Study Guides Donate Paper
• Essay Writing Help
• About Us About Us Testimonials FAQ
• Studentshare
• Evolutionary Psychology: Violence

Evolutionary Psychology: Violence - Essay Example

• Subject: Psychology
• Type: Essay
• Level: Undergraduate
• Pages: 3 (750 words)
• Downloads: 2
• Author: mollie74

Extract of sample "Evolutionary Psychology: Violence"

However, serious crimes like homicide and war get triggered by factors other than substance abuse and mental illness. Evolutionary psychologists have come up with an approach to psychology, Evolution Psychological Mechanism (Liddle 25). This approach explains that human brains have domain-specific mechanisms, which help in developing survival responses to their problems. The mechanism registers stimuli which processes the information and generates an action. Violence in animals is inevitable as predators rely on their prey for food.

Scramble to feeding territories and scarce resources attribute to violence in animals (Liddle 26). There are two theoretical theories that explain violence in animals, sexual selection and parental investment theory. Sexual selection theory holds that selection affects not only the traits of survival but will also determine the reproduction potential. The theory operates on intrasexual competition and intersexual selection. The competition occurs when two males of the same species fight for an opportunity to mate.

Parental theory occurs when resources get allocated to an offspring when there are other potential sources of resource. This theory predicts that sex displays a significant parental obligation mainly in the females who should be prevented from violence. This is because their death or injury will be costly to the society. The males should be involved in the risky competition as they do not have a significant, parental role. This risky competition brings about violence. Sexual selection and parental investment theories suggest that potential costs and benefits cause violence in animals.

Violence among animals comes out as being functional and serves a purpose to solve adaptive challenges (Liddle 27). The violent behavior in human beings is historical with archaeological evidence of human skeletons killed by weapons. The skeleton bones had arrow head and barbs. Ancient paintings and writing also give evidence of early human violence. Mating is the leading cause for violence among humans (Liddle 28-29). Male species face stiff competition for mating opportunities, and this explains why men are more violent physically compared to women.

Violence in human is not on men only. Women also compete for men who they consider being important in terms of genes and power within the society. However, women do not indulge in physical violence but use other forms of violence like gossip and spreading rumors. Unfaithfulness has also contributed to increase in violence among humans. Family members even if they share the same genes differ in opinions resulting to conflict of interest, bringing about violence. Siblings tend to fight over parental resources and attention.

This is likely to happen to siblings who are almost of the same age groups as their demands are similar. Everyone is unique and displays different characteristic traits. Everyone has a different violent behavior as some are naturally violent while others get it from substance abuse and other factors. Some individuals will display suicidal behavior while others inflict injuries on themselves. Cultural values contribute a crucial point in societal differences regarding violence. In most cultures, men become violent in defense of their status and reputation (Liddle 31-32).

Statistics indicate that violence causes death to more than one million lives annually and many more get physical and emotional injuries. This is

• Cited: 0 times
• Copy Citation Citation is copied Copy Citation Citation is copied Copy Citation Citation is copied

CHECK THESE SAMPLES OF Evolutionary Psychology: Violence

Sexual deviance, violence, or crime and poverty, developmental and environmental risk factors, substance abuse and teenage violence, why do we like violence, how invasion of privacy be judged for murder, evolutionary psychology theory, evolutionary psychology and attraction, aggression and violence.

• TERMS & CONDITIONS
• PRIVACY POLICY
• COOKIES POLICY