essay on forest and wildlife conservation

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Essay on “Forest and Wildlife Conservation” Complete Essay for Class 10, Class 12 and Graduation and other classes.

Forest and Wildlife Conservation

Synopsis : Forests and wildlife are part and parcel of our precious and fragile environment and need protection and conservation There are a couple of Acts which prohibit exploitation of endangered species of animals, birds den plants and yet the poachers are on the prowl and illegal hunting and killing of animals is being indulged in with impunity. Because of fast shrinking forest-over and habitat come times wild animals like hyenas, tigers, wolves and leopards turn man-eaters and attack villages. The large scale and indiscriminate destruction of forest has created a dangerous situation and alarm bells have started ringing. Forests a swill life is very valuable and renewable sours of nature and need to be preserved protected and expanded at all costs. Society forestry be practiced and popularized. Depletion of forests also causes soil-erosion, floods, erratic rain-falls, droughts etc. More and more people, communities, tribal’s, non-government agencies etc. be involved in the work

Protection and conservation of forests and wildlife are essential to maintain the earth’s health and environment. The earth is the only known living planet and it is because of its special environment and ecology which are life-supporting. Forests are part and parcel of our environment. They are one of the most valuable resources and gifts of nature. They play a key role in the maintenance of climate, rain-patterns, water and soil conservation. They are the natural home of many types of animals, birds, reptiles, insects tic. They supply timber, fuel, medicines, wood for paper pulp and raw materials for many industries. The increasing depletion and destruction of wildlife is a sauce of great concern. On out of every seven persons of the world live in India. India has 16 per cent of the world’s population with only 2.4 per cent of its land area.

India is very rich both in flora and fauna but many plant and animal species are already extinct and many other are on the road to extinction. In spite of various acts and rules-regulations against exploitation of wildlife, the real conservation has still a long way to cover. India is a huge country and one of the major wildlife producer countries of the world and yet there is a skeleton staff to safeguard the interest of wildlife. Poachers are on the prowl even in sanctuaries and protected forest areas. They have become fertile influential people and traders in animal-skins, horns, etc.

There is mindless destruction of forests for timber, firewood and fuel. Every year there is a loss of about 1.3 hectares of forest areas in India because of large and indiscriminate clearing of forests fro cultivation, quarrying and large dams and irrigation projects. Then there is intensive and indiscriminate logging for commercial purposes contractors and timber-merchants. Over-grazing has also taken its toll. The result is serious ecological imbalance and environment degradation. There is much pressure on forests and the relation between men and forests has reached the lowest depth.

The destruction and degradation of forests in upper regions like Himalayas causes such other ruins as erosion of top soil, erratic rainfall, and recurring floods. Deforestation is a gate social and national evil and should be checked on priority basis. It results in loss of productivity and environment degradation among much other harm. Encroachment on forests should also be checked and, if possible, banned. Non-government agencies, village communities, tribal’s etc. should be involved in social forestry and regeneration of degraded forest lands. They should be allowed to share the benefits of these schemes in a judicious manner. The forest and wildlife conservation laws shoals be made more stringent and practiced scrupulously. Veerappan’s continued bloody trade in ivory and sandal-wood trade upsets all concerned. Through the Nilgiris, it is now almost impossible to spot a large tusker. The full clown assault on forest and wifely saddens all the Indians and wildlife lover in foreign countries.

Essay No. 02

Dying Out Species

Endangered Species

Endangered species are living things whose population is so reduced that they are threatened with extinction. Thousands of species are included in this category. The International Union for the Conservation of nature and Natural Resources published a list of threatened mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and plants. Plants and animals hold medicinal, agricultural, ecological, commercial and aesthetic/recreational value. Endangered species must be protected and saved so that future generations can experience their presence and value. Millions of years before the birth of humans, extinction of living things was linked to geological and clii-nae, the effects of which were translated into major alternation of the environment. Environmental change is still the primary cause of the extinction of animals, but now the changes are greatly accelerated by human’s activity. Clearing land for farms and towns, lumbering, mining, building dams, and draining wetlands all alter the environments so extensively that ecosystems may be completely destroyed. With a burgeoning human population requiring food, shelter, and clothing and constantly demanding more energy-using devices, the temperation to exploit land for human use without regard for

consequences is great. Frequently, several forms of environmental change are responsible for the disappearance of species. For example, as tropical forests are cut down, primates have progressively smaller feeding and living spaces’. They also become more accessible to hunters, who kill animals for food and trap many primates for sale as pets, research animals, and zoo specimens.

Some animal species may move into human communities when their own are destroyed. Extermination of marauding monkeys, roaming tigers, or foraging deer is easy to justify by people whose livelihood is threatened. Pollution is another form of environmental change. Forty species of birds in the United States, including peregrine hawk, bald eagle, pelicans, and roseate terns, lay thin-shelled as a result of ingesting degradation products of and some other chlorination hydrocarbon insecticides that make their way into the food chain. Species of salamanders in New England are dying out because the ponds in which they breed and the moist soil in which they must live are watered by acid rain (water that combines with pollutants in the air to form acid, sulfuric acid, and other corrosive compounds). Industrial waste dumped in the Mediterranean have so depleted the oxygen supply that some species of bacteria that decompose sewage have been wiped out and the nutrient cycles disturbed. Even the ocean environment has been altered by dumping. There are several species of birds and animals that have been exterminated or endangered as a result of humans killing the individuals for food. The Hawaiian state bird has also become extinct. The 22 finds of clams and 30 kinds of fish imperiled in the United States are probably all endangered by varying combinations of naturally changing environments, Pollution and over-harvesting. Whale are also on the endangered list. Whale hunting is often justified as supplying a

source of protein for protein-poor populations. Actually, whales supply only 1% of the protein needs of any countries, Such as Japan, that is actively engaged in whaling. In the Soviet Union , whale meat is used to feed animals that are raised for their Pelts such as sable and mink.

Thus, the wearer of a ram-h-raised Russian sable coat may have indirectly contributed to the ultimate disappearance of the great whales. Many species have been hunted to the point of extinction for their tiff, hides or feat hers. Include the big cats, alligators, kimonos, quetzel birds, eastern grey kangaroos, egrets, and bids of paradise. Many people and groups have taken measure to stop the killing of endangered species. Whether the species were killed deliberately, or by accident (in a oil pill) these groups are trying to stop the killing.

In conclusion, it can be said that endangered species can be as big as a blue whale or as small as a tiny little ant. The responsibility of saving them is on us.

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Essay on Conservation of Forest and Wildlife

Students are often asked to write an essay on Conservation of Forest and Wildlife in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Conservation of Forest and Wildlife

Introduction.

Forests and wildlife are vital parts of our ecosystem. They provide shelter, food, and even oxygen. Sadly, these natural resources are under threat due to human activities.

Importance of Forests and Wildlife

Forests absorb harmful carbon dioxide, helping to combat climate change. They are also home to countless species of animals. Wildlife, on the other hand, contributes to biodiversity, crucial for ecosystem balance.

Threats to Forests and Wildlife

Deforestation and hunting are major threats. Forests are being cleared for agriculture or urbanization, while animals are hunted for their body parts.

Conservation Efforts

Protecting these resources involves creating protected areas, enforcing laws, and promoting sustainable practices. Education also plays a key role in conservation.

250 Words Essay on Conservation of Forest and Wildlife

Forests and wildlife are integral to maintaining ecological balance. They serve as carbon sinks, absorbing greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming. Wildlife, on the other hand, plays a crucial role in pollination, pest control, and maintaining a balanced food chain.

Impacts of Deforestation and Loss of Wildlife

Deforestation and loss of wildlife have far-reaching impacts. It disrupts the balance of the ecosystem, leading to severe climatic changes, soil erosion, and loss of biodiversity. The extinction of a single species can have a domino effect, causing the collapse of an entire ecosystem.

Conservation Strategies

Conservation strategies revolve around sustainable use and management of natural resources. These include the establishment of protected areas, implementation of laws against illegal hunting and logging, and promotion of eco-tourism. Additionally, reforestation and afforestation programs can help restore degraded habitats.

The conservation of forests and wildlife is not just an environmental issue; it’s a matter of survival for future generations. It is our collective responsibility to ensure that we use our resources sustainably, preserving the balance of our ecosystems. Through concerted efforts and global cooperation, we can protect and preserve our natural heritage.

500 Words Essay on Conservation of Forest and Wildlife

Forests and wildlife are integral parts of our planet’s ecosystem, playing a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance. They not only support a diverse range of flora and fauna but also provide essential resources for human survival. However, with rapid industrialization and urbanization, the conservation of forest and wildlife has become a pressing issue.

The Importance of Forests and Wildlife

Wildlife, on the other hand, contributes to the biodiversity of the planet. Each species, no matter how small, plays a vital role in the ecosystem. They help in pollination, pest control, decomposition, and much more. Wildlife also has intrinsic value, enhancing our world with their beauty and diversity.

Unfortunately, human activities pose significant threats to forests and wildlife. Deforestation, driven by the need for agricultural land, timber, and urban development, is causing a rapid loss of forest cover. This not only results in a loss of habitat for wildlife but also contributes to climate change.

Efforts towards the conservation of forest and wildlife must be multi-pronged. Legal measures, such as implementing strict laws against deforestation and poaching, can deter destructive activities. Protected areas, like national parks and wildlife reserves, should be established and effectively managed to provide safe havens for wildlife.

Community involvement is also crucial. Local communities should be educated about the importance of conservation and encouraged to participate in conservation efforts. Sustainable practices, such as community forestry and eco-tourism, can provide economic benefits while preserving the environment.

The Role of Technology and Research

The conservation of forest and wildlife is not just an environmental issue; it is a matter of our survival. As we continue to exploit nature for our needs, we must also take responsibility for its protection. By understanding the value of forests and wildlife, implementing effective conservation strategies, and harnessing the power of technology and research, we can ensure a sustainable future for all life on Earth.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

If you’re looking for more, here are essays on other interesting topics:

Happy studying!

Essay on Wildlife Conservation

Introduction to Wildlife Conservation

Wildlife conservation is crucial for maintaining the planet’s ecological balance and preserving biodiversity. Wildlife faces numerous threats as human activities continue to expand, including habitat destruction, climate change, and poaching. The loss of wildlife impacts ecosystems and communities that depend on them for their livelihoods and cultural practices. For example, the African elephant, with its iconic status, is facing a severe poaching crisis due to the demand for ivory. Without conservation efforts, these magnificent creatures could face extinction in the wild. This essay explores the importance of wildlife conservation, the threats facing wildlife, and strategies to protect these vulnerable species.

Importance of Wildlife Conservation

Biodiversity Preservation: Wildlife conservation helps maintain the diversity of life on Earth, ensuring that various species, ecosystems, and genetic diversity are preserved for future generations.
Ecosystem Balance: Wildlife plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of ecosystems. Species interact with each other and their environment in complex ways, and losing one species can have cascading effects on others.
Economic Benefits: Wildlife conservation can have significant economic benefits, including ecotourism, which generates revenue and employment opportunities in local communities.
Cultural Importance: Many cultures around the world have deep connections to wildlife, and conservation helps preserve these cultural practices and traditions.
Ecological Services: Wildlife provides essential ecological services, such as pollination, seed dispersal, and nutrient cycling, which are vital for the health of ecosystems and human well-being.
Medicinal Resources: Many wildlife species provide sources for medicines and other valuable products that can benefit human health.
Climate Regulation: Wildlife plays a role in regulating the climate by sequestering carbon and contributing to the overall health of ecosystems.
Education and Research: Wildlife conservation provides opportunities for education and research, helping us better understand the natural world and develop sustainable practices.
Aesthetic and Recreational Value: Wildlife enriches our lives through its beauty and provides recreational activities like birdwatching and hiking opportunities.
Ethical Considerations: Many people believe that wildlife has intrinsic value and a right to exist independent of its usefulness to humans, making conservation a moral imperative.

Threats to Wildlife

Threats to wildlife are numerous and diverse, ranging from direct human activities to broader environmental changes. Here are some of the major threats:

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Habitat Loss and Fragmentation: One of the biggest threats to wildlife is the destruction and fragmentation of habitats due to human activities such as deforestation, urbanization, and agriculture. This habitat loss reduces the available space for wildlife to live and thrive.
Climate Change: Climate change alters habitats and ecosystems, making them less suitable for many species. Changes in temperature, precipitation patterns, and sea levels are affecting the distribution and behavior of wildlife.
Poaching and Illegal Wildlife Trade: Poaching for body parts, such as ivory, horns, and skins, continues to threaten many species, including elephants, rhinos, and tigers. The illegal wildlife trade is a multi-billion-dollar industry that drives many species to the brink of extinction.
Pollution: Pollution from various sources, including chemicals, plastics, and oil spills, can devastate wildlife. Pollutants can contaminate water and soil, harm ecosystems, and directly impact the health of wildlife.
Overexploitation: Overexploitation of wildlife for food, medicine, pets, and other purposes can lead to population declines and even extinction. Unsustainable hunting and fishing practices can deplete populations faster than they can recover.
Invasive Species: Invasive species introduced by humans can outcompete native species for resources, prey on them, or introduce diseases, leading to declines in native wildlife populations.
Human-Wildlife Conflict: As human populations expand and encroach on wildlife habitats, conflicts between humans and wildlife increase. This can result in retaliatory killings of wildlife and further habitat destruction.
Infrastructure Development: The construction of roads, dams, and other infrastructure can fragment habitats, disrupt wildlife migration routes, and increase the risk of collisions between wildlife and vehicles.
Lack of Awareness and Conservation Efforts: A lack of awareness about the importance of wildlife conservation and inadequate conservation efforts can also threaten wildlife. Without proper conservation measures, species are more vulnerable to other threats.

Conservation Strategies

Conservation strategies aim to protect and restore ecosystems, preserve wildlife populations, and promote sustainable practices. Here are some key conservation strategies:

Protected Areas: Establishing and maintaining protected areas, such as national parks, wildlife reserves, and marine protected areas, to safeguard habitats and wildlife from human activities.
Habitat Restoration: Restoring degraded habitats through reforestation, wetland restoration, and other measures to improve habitat quality and connectivity for wildlife.
Wildlife Corridors: Creating wildlife corridors or greenways to connect fragmented habitats, allowing species to move between areas and maintain genetic diversity.
Anti-Poaching Efforts: Implementing measures to combat poaching, such as increasing patrols, strengthening law enforcement, and reducing demand for wildlife products.
Community-Based Conservation: Involving local communities in conservation efforts through sustainable livelihoods, education, and partnerships to promote conservation while meeting their needs.
Sustainable Land Use Practices: Promoting sustainable agriculture, forestry, and fisheries practices that minimize negative impacts on wildlife and ecosystems.
Climate Change Mitigation: Addressing climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, promoting renewable energy, and supporting climate-resilient habitats.
Invasive Species Management: Managing and controlling invasive species to reduce their impact on native wildlife and ecosystems.
Research and Monitoring: Conducting research and monitoring better to understand wildlife populations, habitats, and threats and to inform conservation strategies.
Education and Awareness: Educating the public about the importance of wildlife conservation and promoting behavior change to reduce threats to wildlife.

Human-Wildlife Conflict

Human-wildlife conflict occurs when there are competition or antagonistic interactions between humans and wildlife, often resulting in negative consequences for both. Here are some key aspects of human-wildlife conflict:

Causes: Human-wildlife conflict can arise due to various factors, including habitat loss and fragmentation, competition for resources such as food and water, crop raiding by wildlife, predation on livestock, property damage, and threats to human safety.
Impacts on Humans: Human-wildlife conflict can have significant socio-economic impacts on communities, including crop losses, damage to property and infrastructure, loss of livelihoods, injuries, and even loss of human lives. These impacts can exacerbate poverty and food insecurity, particularly in rural areas.
Impacts on Wildlife: Human-wildlife conflict can also negatively impact wildlife populations, including retaliatory killings, habitat destruction, reduced reproductive success, and fragmentation of habitats. This can lead to declines in wildlife populations and loss of biodiversity.
Species Affected: A wide range of wildlife species can be involved in human-wildlife conflict, including large mammals such as elephants, big cats, bears, and wolves, as well as smaller animals like monkeys, deer, and rodents.
Conflict Hotspots: Human-wildlife conflict tends to occur in areas where humans and wildlife overlap, such as agricultural lands, peri-urban areas, and areas adjacent to protected areas or natural habitats.
Management Strategies: Various strategies, including preventive measures such as fencing, deterrents, and land-use planning, as well as reactive measures such as compensation schemes, translocation of problem animals, and community-based conflict resolution, can help mitigate human-wildlife conflict.
Community Engagement: Engaging local communities in decision-making and implementing solutions is essential for addressing human-wildlife conflict effectively. This can involve participatory approaches, community-based monitoring, and capacity building to empower communities to coexist with wildlife.
Policy and Legislation: Governments play a crucial role in addressing human-wildlife conflict by developing and enforcing policies promoting coexistence, protecting wildlife, and supporting affected communities.
Research and Monitoring: Research on human-wildlife conflict’s causes, impacts, and dynamics is essential for informing management strategies and developing evidence-based solutions. Monitoring of conflict incidents and their outcomes can help assess the effectiveness of mitigation measures.
Long-Term Solutions: Addressing the root causes of human-wildlife conflict, such as habitat loss, land-use change, and socio-economic disparities, is crucial for achieving long-term solutions that promote sustainable coexistence between humans and wildlife. This may require integrated approaches that consider the needs of both people and wildlife and involve multiple stakeholders.

Economic Aspects of Wildlife Conservation

The economic aspects of wildlife conservation are multifaceted and interconnected with broader socio-economic factors. Here are some key economic aspects of wildlife conservation:

Ecotourism: Wildlife conservation can stimulate economic growth through ecotourism, which involves visiting natural areas to observe wildlife. Ecotourism can create jobs, generate revenue for local communities, and provide incentives for conservation.
Ecosystem Services: Wildlife conservation contributes to the provision of ecosystem services, such as pollination, water purification, and carbon sequestration, which have economic value for human well-being and livelihoods.
Biodiversity-based Industries: Conservation of wildlife and habitats supports industries that rely on biodiversity, such as pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and biotechnology, by maintaining genetic resources and ecosystem functions.
Cultural and Spiritual Values: Wildlife conservation can preserve cultural and spiritual values associated with wildlife, such as traditional practices, beliefs, and aesthetics, contributing to cultural heritage and identity.
Property Values: Proximity to protected areas and wildlife habitats can increase property values, benefiting local economies and communities.
Research and Education: Conservation efforts contribute to scientific research and education, creating opportunities for innovation, capacity building, and knowledge transfer.
Regulation and Enforcement: Wildlife conservation regulations and enforcement mechanisms incur costs but are necessary for preventing illegal activities, such as poaching and habitat destruction, which can have long-term economic consequences.
Sustainable Resource Use: Conservation promotes sustainable resource use practices, which can lead to long-term economic benefits by ensuring the availability of resources for future generations.
Opportunity Costs: Conservation often involves trade-offs, as protecting wildlife and habitats may require limiting certain economic activities, such as logging, mining, or agriculture, which can have short-term economic costs.
Externalities: Wildlife conservation can generate positive externalities, such as improved ecosystem health and resilience, benefiting society as a whole but not necessarily captured in market transactions.

Challenges and Limitations

Despite efforts to conserve wildlife, several challenges and limitations persist, hindering effective conservation outcomes. Here are some of the key challenges and limitations:

Funding Constraints: Limited funding for conservation projects often restricts the scale and effectiveness of conservation efforts, leading to gaps in the protection and management of wildlife and habitats.
Lack of Political Will: Inadequate political support and commitment to conservation initiatives can result in insufficient policies, enforcement, and allocation of resources for conservation efforts.
Human-Wildlife Conflicts: Conflicts between humans and wildlife, such as crop raiding by elephants or livestock depredation by predators, can lead to negative perceptions of wildlife and undermine conservation efforts.
Limited Stakeholder Engagement: Ineffective engagement with local communities, indigenous peoples, and other stakeholders can hinder conservation efforts, as their support and participation are crucial for successful conservation outcomes.
Poverty and Livelihoods: Poverty and lack of alternative livelihood options can drive communities to engage in activities harmful to wildlife, such as poaching and illegal logging, undermining conservation efforts.
Inadequate Law Enforcement: Weak law enforcement, corruption, and insufficient penalties for wildlife crimes contribute to illegal wildlife trade and poaching, exacerbating threats to wildlife populations.
Climate Change: Climate change poses significant challenges to wildlife conservation by altering habitats, disrupting ecosystems, and increasing the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events.
Limited Data and Information: Only complete or adequate data on wildlife populations, habitats, and threats can impede evidence-based conservation decision-making and monitoring of conservation outcomes.
Conflicting Interests: Conflicts of interest between conservation goals and economic development, infrastructure projects, or resource extraction activities can compromise conservation efforts and lead to habitat destruction.
Scale and Scope: The vast scale and complexity of conservation challenges, including global biodiversity loss and habitat degradation, require coordinated and sustained efforts at local, national, and international levels.

Role of Government and NGOs

Both governments and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play crucial roles in wildlife conservation, often collaborating to achieve conservation goals. Here’s how they contribute:

Policy and Legislation: Governments are responsible for creating and implementing laws and regulations designed to safeguard wildlife and their natural habitats. This includes establishing protected areas, regulating hunting and trade, and setting conservation goals.
Resource Management: Governments manage natural resources , including wildlife, through agencies such as wildlife departments, national parks, and forestry departments, ensuring sustainable use and conservation.
Law Enforcement: Governments enforce wildlife protection laws through wildlife rangers, law enforcement agencies, and judiciary systems to combat poaching, illegal trade, and other wildlife crimes.
Research and Monitoring: Governments fund and research wildlife populations, habitats, and threats to inform conservation strategies and monitor the effectiveness of conservation efforts.
International Cooperation: Governments collaborate with other countries through agreements such as the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) to address transboundary conservation issues.

Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)

Advocacy and Awareness: NGOs raise awareness about wildlife conservation issues, advocate for policy change, and mobilize public support for conservation efforts.
Field Conservation: NGOs implement on-the-ground conservation projects, such as habitat restoration, anti-poaching efforts, and species conservation programs, often in collaboration with local communities.
Research and Monitoring: NGOs conduct scientific research, monitor wildlife populations, and develop conservation strategies to protect endangered species and habitats.
Capacity Building: NGOs build the capacity of local communities, governments, and other stakeholders to engage in effective conservation practices and sustainable natural resource management.
Community Engagement: NGOs work closely with local communities, indigenous peoples, and other stakeholders to involve them in conservation decision-making and ensure conservation benefits local people.
Partnerships and Collaboration: NGOs collaborate with governments, other NGOs, academia, and businesses to leverage resources, share expertise, and coordinate conservation efforts on a larger scale.

Case Studies

Here are some case studies of successful wildlife conservation projects from around the world:

Conservation efforts for giant pandas in China have successfully upgraded the species from “endangered” to “vulnerable” on the IUCN Red List. Conservation measures include establishing protected areas, habitat restoration, and captive breeding programs.
Black Rhinoceros Conservation (Namibia): Namibia has implemented community-based conservation programs that involve local communities in rhino conservation and provide economic benefits from ecotourism. As a result, black rhino populations have increased in some areas.
Mountain Gorilla Conservation (Rwanda, Uganda, Democratic Republic of Congo): Conservation efforts, including anti-poaching patrols, community engagement, and tourism revenue sharing, have helped increase mountain gorilla populations in the Virunga Massif and Bwindi Impenetrable Forest.
California Condor Recovery Program (USA): The California Condor Recovery Program has successfully increased the population of critically endangered California condors through captive breeding, habitat protection, and monitoring programs.
Tiger Conservation (India): India’s Project Tiger, launched in 1973, has been instrumental in conserving tiger populations by establishing tiger reserves, improving habitat, and anti-poaching efforts, leading to an increase in tiger numbers.
Sea Turtle Conservation (Costa Rica): Conservation efforts in Costa Rica have helped protect nesting beaches, reduce bycatch, and increase awareness about the importance of sea turtle conservation, leading to increased nesting populations.
African Elephant Conservation (Kenya): Kenya’s anti-poaching efforts, community-based conservation programs, and wildlife corridors have helped protect African elephant populations and reduce poaching.

Future Outlook

The future of wildlife conservation faces both challenges and opportunities. Here are some key aspects of the future outlook for wildlife conservation:

Climate Change: Climate change continues to impact wildlife and habitats, necessitating adaptive strategies to mitigate its effects on ecosystems and species.
Habitat Loss and Fragmentation: Addressing ongoing habitat loss and fragmentation will be critical to ensuring the survival of many species, requiring concerted efforts to protect and restore habitats.
Technology and Innovation: Advances in technology, such as remote sensing, DNA analysis, and conservation drones, offer new tools for monitoring wildlife populations, combating poaching, and informing conservation strategies.
Policy and Governance: Enhancing international cooperation, strengthening wildlife protection laws, and improving governance frameworks will be essential for effective conservation on a global scale.
Human-Wildlife Coexistence: Promoting coexistence between humans and wildlife through innovative solutions, such as wildlife corridors, eco-friendly infrastructure, and community-based conservation, will be crucial for reducing conflicts and conserving biodiversity.
Public Awareness and Education: Increasing public awareness about the importance of wildlife conservation and promoting sustainable lifestyles will be key to garnering support for conservation efforts.
Sustainable Development: Integrating wildlife conservation into sustainable development agendas, such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), will be vital for balancing conservation with human development needs.
Inclusive Conservation: Ensuring conservation efforts are inclusive and benefit local communities, indigenous peoples, and marginalized groups will be essential for long-term conservation success.
Innovative Financing: Exploring new financing mechanisms, such as biodiversity offsets, conservation finance, and public-private partnerships, will be crucial for funding conservation projects and ensuring their sustainability.
Adaptive Management: Embracing adaptive management approaches that allow for flexibility and learning from both successes and failures will be critical for effective conservation in an ever-changing world.

Wildlife conservation is imperative for maintaining biodiversity, ecological balance, and ecosystem services essential for human well-being. While facing numerous challenges, such as habitat loss, poaching, and human-wildlife conflict, conservation efforts have shown promising results in protecting and restoring wildlife populations and habitats. The future of wildlife conservation depends on collaborative efforts involving governments, NGOs, local communities, and individuals. Sustainable practices, innovative solutions, and effective policies are crucial for ensuring the survival of wildlife species and promoting harmonious coexistence between humans and wildlife. By valuing and conserving wildlife, we protect our natural heritage and secure a healthy planet for future generations.

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Wildlife conservation.

Wildlife conservation aims to protect plant and animal species as the human population encroaches on their resources.

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Wildlife conservation is the practice of protecting plant and animal species and their habitats . Wildlife is integral to the world’s ecosystems , providing balance and stability to nature’s processes. The goal of wildlife conservation is to ensure the survival of these species, and to educate people on living sustainably with other species. The human population has grown exponentially over the past 200 years, to more than eight billion humans as of November 2022, and it continues to rapidly grow. This means natural resources are being consumed faster than ever by the billions of people on the planet. This growth and development also endangers the habitats and existence of various types of wildlife around the world, particularly animals and plants that may be displaced for land development, or used for food or other human purposes. Other threats to wildlife include the introduction of invasive species from other parts of the world, climate change, pollution, hunting, fishing, and poaching. National and international organizations like the World Wildlife Fund, Conservation International, the Wildlife Conservation Society, the United Nations, and National Geographic, itself, work to support global animal and habitat conservation efforts on many different fronts. They work with the government to establish and protect public lands, like national parks and wildlife refuges . They help write legislation, such as the Endangered Species Act (ESA) of 1973 in the United States, to protect various species. They work with law enforcement to prosecute wildlife crimes, like wildlife trafficking and illegal hunting (poaching). They also promote biodiversity to support the growing human population while preserving existing species and habitats. National Geographic Explorers, like conservation biologist Charudutt Mishra and conservation technologist Rebecca Ryakitimbo, are working to slow the extinction of global species and to protect global biodiversity and habitats. Environmental filmmakers and photographers, like Thomas P. Peschak and Joel Sartore, are essential to conservation efforts as well, documenting and bringing attention to endangered wildlife all over the world.

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Home — Essay Samples — Environment — Environmental Protection — Wildlife Conservation

Essay Types and Topics

Argumentative essay topics.

The impact of climate change on wildlife conservation efforts
Government policies and their influence on wildlife protection
The ethical debate surrounding zoos and wildlife preservation

Example Paragraph: Climate change poses a significant threat to the world's wildlife, leading to habitat loss and species extinction. In this essay, we will explore the impact of climate change on wildlife conservation efforts and the urgent need for proactive measures to protect vulnerable species.

Example Paragraph: It is evident that climate change poses a grave threat to wildlife conservation. By implementing sustainable practices and raising awareness, we can work towards a future where wildlife thrives in a changing environment.

Compare and Contrast Essay Topics

The conservation efforts for marine wildlife versus land-based species
The impact of human activity on urban and rural wildlife habitats
The similarities and differences in conservation approaches across different countries

Descriptive Essay Topics

An exploration of a wildlife sanctuary or conservation area
The behavior and habitat of a specific endangered species
The intricate ecosystem of a rainforest and its conservation challenges

Persuasive Essay Topics

The importance of sustainable living in wildlife conservation
The role of community involvement in protecting wildlife habitats
The need for stricter laws to combat illegal wildlife trade

Narrative Essay Topics

A personal experience with wildlife conservation efforts
An imaginary journey to a world without wildlife protection
The inspiring story of a successful wildlife rehabilitation program

Engagement and Creativity

Essay writing is an opportunity to explore your interests and critical thinking skills. We encourage you to choose a topic that resonates with you and to approach your writing with creativity and enthusiasm. Your unique perspective and passion for the subject can greatly enhance the quality of your essay.

Educational Value

Each essay type offers valuable learning outcomes. Argumentative essays develop analytical thinking and persuasive writing skills, while compare and contrast essays foster critical analysis and organizational abilities. Descriptive essays enhance your observational and descriptive abilities, while persuasive essays strengthen your ability to influence and persuade. Narrative essays encourage the development of storytelling and narrative techniques.

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Wildlife conservation refers to the practice of protecting wild species and their habitats in order to maintain healthy wildlife species or populations and to restore, protect or enhance natural ecosystems.

Major threats to wildlife include habitat destruction, degradation, fragmentation, overexploitation, poaching, pollution and climate change.

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Forest And Wildlife Conservation Essay
Wildlife Conservation

Featured Example Essay

This featured Forest And Wildlife Conservation Essay is one of many example essays available on this topic.

Sample Essay Examples

Conservation of Forest and Wildlife Overview

What is a forest.

Before understanding the conservation of forest and wildlife it is important to understand the general definition of the forest. There are several definitions of the forest; the article encompasses the definition provided by FAO. A forest is defined as a land area of more than 0.5 hectares with a tree canopy cover of more than 10% that is not predominantly used for agriculture as well as other quasi purposes. An important requirement is trees should be capable of attaining a length of 5 meters in situ and achieving the canopy cover requirement in young forests or locations where tree development is climatically inhibited.

In simpler words, forests are areas where most of the species of flora and fauna are found per square kilometre. It is the lungs of the planet that take up the carbon dioxide released by the animals and give oxygen to the environment . Forests are defined as the areas of lands that grow various species of trees, plants, shrubs, herbs. The importance of forest and its conservation can be understood by the commodities it provides. The forest serves as a natural habitat of numerous animal species, it helps in balancing the impact of carbon emission, it helps in global temperature regulation. Apart from it forest also maintains the various biogeochemical cycle. Forests are the primary source of many medicinal plants, woods, food, raw materials, and fabrics. About 31% of the earth's surface is covered by forest, but as the modern age arises, the rate at which the trees are being cut-down is increasing gradually. Hence, there is an importance in conserving the woods and their associated wildlife.

The article provides a complete overview of the conservation of forests and wildlife. The article discusses wildlife conservation including the critical points on conservation. The importance or the need for conservation is also mentioned in the article.

Reasons why Forests Matter

We have briefly discussed the importance of forest which leads to the requirement of conservation of forest. Let us look into some of the important reasons for conserving the forest.

The primary reason to conserve forests and wildlife is to provide oxygen to breathe. Without the existence of trees, oxygen cannot be formed, and carbon dioxide may be accumulated in the environment.

The products of the forests, like medicinal plants, fabrics, and raw materials, give employment to millions of people. Without the woods, all of these people lose their jobs and cannot earn a livelihood.

Forests provide shelter to a wide range of animals. If the trees are destroyed, these animals also die as they do not have their natural habitat. This destruction makes many of the endangered species of plants and animals extinct.

Forests play a role in the carbon cycle by absorbing carbon dioxide from animals.

They bring about a moderate atmospheric temperature and prevent global warming and also reduces the greenhouse effect. Global warming causes an increase in the sea level by melting the glaciers and ice in the north and south poles.

Forests can absorb most of the water during a flood and hence prevent soil erosion and rescue us from the natural calamities.

A significant economy can be generated by converting the forest zones into tourist spots and viewing the wildlife as a first-hand experience.

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Conservation of Forest

Conservation of forests is the practice of saving the trees that are cut by industries and other organizations in the name of development and urbanization. It is planting new trees and taking care of them. Deforestation is the process of cutting trees and using the area for domestic or industrial purpose. Hence, deforestation must be controlled to control the destruction of the forest.

Awareness about climate change due to deforestation must be spread among people. Since industrialization is slowly growing in the modern world, properly planned deforestation must be done. The woods which cannot be used and that need less time to grow must be used as raw materials. Selectively the trees are cut so that rare trees are preserved.

Forest fires are also among the causes of deforestation. Proper measures to prevent forest fires should be taken. Old woods that can catch fire due to lightning must be removed. Planning and execution of the elimination of forest fires must be done priorly by the government.

Various reforestation programs like the World Environment Day celebrated on June 5th of every year should be practiced by multiple schools and colleges. Youth must be encouraged to plant and look after the plants. The importance of conserving the trees must be explained to the people.

The exploitation of forest products must be stopped. Strict rules and implementation of the regulations must be made on people who exploit forest wealth. Forest management departments should take care of the sustainable growth of the forests and ensure that hunting and poaching activities are avoided.

Wildlife Conservation

The protection of diverse wildlife in the forest is called wildlife conservation. Wildlife is the animals and birds that live in the woods and that are not domesticated by anyone. The wood is their natural habitat, and destruction of the forests leads these animals to become homeless. These animals can later come among the villages and feed on the crops as they do not have a specific home to live.

Medicinal plants that have an essential therapeutic value are obtained in forests. Most of the antibiotics are manufactured by the raw materials found in the woods. Almost one-third of the pharmaceutical industry gets its raw materials from the woods. These medicinal plants may also have the potential to cure many diseases that man has not found a cure for. Hence, forests are essential places for scientists to find specimens to research and find a cure, explore different properties of plants. These medicinal plants are wild and can also come under the term of wildlife.

Forests and wildlife are necessary to regulate the population of different species of animals and birds. The forest ecosystem has primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers in the food chain.

Forests help in maintaining biodiversity as various species of organisms takes shelter in the woods. Microorganisms that are necessary for the biosphere to survive, such as nitrogen-fixing bacteria, also take refuge in the soil of the forest. They regulate the nitrogen content of the earth and make it sustainable for living.

Essential Points on Conservation of Forest and Wildlife

Let us look inot some of the important points of the forest conservation.

Deforestation is the destruction of forests and creating barren land. It may be done to use forest land for commercial purposes.

Reforestation is the regrowing of plants in a land where once forest existed but now is destroyed.

Afforestation is growing plants in a barren area. It is building a new forest in an area where forests never existed.

Fossil fuels are obtained from forest resources and should be appropriately used and not be wasted.

Wildlife should not be destroyed and should be put in either in-situ conservation or ex-situ conservation centres.

The Government should protect animals and birds from hunting and poaching. Strict action should be taken against people who hunt animals for their skin, horns, teeth, hair, etc.

Endangered species must be given special protection so that they do not become extinct.

Wood and timber must be used wisely, and for every tree cut, twice the amount of plant must be planted and taken care of.

Forest fire departments must be separately employed, and fires should be minimized to a greater extent.

Students, youth, adults should take part in programs to grow plants and trees.

Forests have ecological importance, and wildlife has interdependence and is essential for the ecosystem to function.

The fossil fuels and wood generated by forests contribute significantly to the economy of the country.

Forests provide a wide range of sources for scientists and enthusiasts that are engaged in science.

In conclusion of the article, we have learnt about reasons for conservation and the importance of forests. We have also learnt about wildlife conservation.

FAQs on Conservation of Forest and Wildlife Overview

1. What is the in-situ conversation?

In-situ conservation is defined as the conservation of the natural habitat of species and preservation of ecosystems and natural habitats. It is important to note that the conservation of the vulnerable species is done in their native place itself.

2. What is ex-situ conservation?

Ex-situ conservation is commonly known as off-site conservation. In this type of conservation method vulnerable and endangered species are brought up and rehabilitated in different areas where they are given proper care to grow and flourish the population.

3. What is an ecosystem?

Ecosystems are the fundamental units of the environment in which living species communicate with one another and with their surroundings. An ecosystem, in other terms, is a series of interactions between species and their surroundings. An English botanist named A.G.Tansley introduced the word "ecosystem" in 1935.

Biology • Class 8

Forest Essay for Students and Children

500+ words essay on forest.

Forests are an intricate ecosystem on earth which contains trees , shrubs, grasses and more. The constituents of forests which are trees and plants form a major part of the forests. Furthermore, they create a healthy environment so that various species of animals can breed and live there happily. Therefore, we see how forests are a habitat for a plethora of wild animals and birds. In addition to being of use to wildlife, forests benefit mankind greatly and hold immense significance.

Importance of Forests

Forests cover a significant area of the earth. They are a great natural asset to any region and hold immense value. For instance, forests fulfill all our needs of timber, fuel, fodder, bamboos and more. They also give us a variety of products that hold great commercial as well as industrial value.

In addition, forests give us a large number of raw materials for various products like paper, rayon, gums, medicinal drugs and more. Other than that, forests are also a major source of employment for a significant population . For example, people are involved in their protection, harvesting , regeneration, raw material processing and more.

Moreover, forests are largely responsible for preserving the physical features of our planet. They monitor soil erosion and prevent it from happening. Further, they alleviate floods by making the streams flow continually. This, in turn, helps our agriculture to a great extent.

Most importantly, forests are a habitat for wildlife. They provide them with shelter and food. Thus, it is quite important to protect forests and furthermore enhance the forest cover for a greener and sustainable future.

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Improving Forest Cover

When we talk about forest cover, we do not merely refer to planting new trees but also improving the degraded forest land. To meet the fulfilments of the demand for timber and non-timber forests, we need to have a comprehensive approach to enhance the forest cover.

Forests are being wiped out and trees are being cut down at a rapid rate. To meet the other needs of humans, we are losing sight of the bigger picture. People need to take steps to improve the forest cover rather than decrease it. The government must regulate the cutting down of trees. We must adopt roper methods which ensure the regrowth of trees. This way, we will be able to fulfill both the needs.

Furthermore, we must control forest fires. We must adopt the latest techniques which will help in fire fighting more efficiently. This will prevent further loss of trees and animals. Most importantly, afforestation plus reforestation must be practiced. The people and government must plant new trees in place of the one cut down. Moreover, they must plant trees in new areas to develop a forest.

In short, forests are a great blessing of nature. Various types of forests are home to a thousand animals and also means of livelihood for numerous people. We must recognize the importance of forests and take proper measures to tackle the issue of deforestation.

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Conservation of Forest Essay

The conservation of forest essay is a useful learning resource for kids to understand the value of forests and wildlife. Forests are important to us. They provide air and water, absorb carbon dioxide, protect us from natural disasters, and house many of our wild animals. Hence, it is our duty to conserve them.

Due to human activities, the world is losing its forests. If we do not take action now, we will lose them forever. The continuing destruction of our forests is both a cause and consequence of climate change. This destroys the habitat of many plant and animal species that cannot adapt to changing conditions. Unfortunately, the trend toward extinction has been accelerated with the recent introduction of exotic species, which have caused millions of trees and other species to be lost or destroyed. We must preserve the environment for future generations, and all of us need to do our part in conserving what is left by keeping invasive species at bay.

To protect the environment, we have to reduce our carbon footprint. Minimising food waste is one of the best ways to reduce your carbon footprint. It is also important for us to care about our wildlife and forests through awareness programmes on the importance of protecting them. The conservation of forest and wildlife essay is a great way to teach kids the significance of coexisting with nature and protecting its elements.

Importance of Conservation of Forests and Wildlife

The conservation of forest essay keeps your little ones engaged in learning the significance of protecting nature and wild animals. Conservation implies preserving something or maintaining it to keep it alive. People have concerns about preserving forests and wildlife because of the need for trees, which is why many people save a fallen tree from being chopped down by cutting it into logs.

Since forests are home to many species, it’s vital to preserve them because it is where animals can escape from danger and find food, water, and shelter. Moreover, forests contribute to climate stability and provide food for animals who live there or depend on them for their livelihoods.

The Earth is full of species, and it is our responsibility to take care of them. Some animals need conservation as they are facing the threat of extinction. The more we help these animals, the better the planet will be. Also, the conservation of forest essay PDF helps create awareness among kids so that they can take the necessary steps to protect our planet.

With the Earth’s resources being depleted, protecting our wildlife and nature is crucial. Conservation of wildlife has a lot of benefits to society that many people are unaware of, and it also helps the environment by reducing pollution and protecting endangered species.

You can find more essays similar to the conservation of forest essay on BYJU’S website. Also, explore a range of kid-friendly learning resources, such as short stories, poems, worksheets, etc., for young learners on the website.

Frequently Asked Questions on Conservation of Forest Essay

Does deforestation affect climate change.

Yes. Deforestation affects climate change, as it increases the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, which leads to a rise in atmospheric temperature.

Why is it important to conserve wildlife and forests?

It’s important to preserve wildlife and forests because animals can escape from danger and find food, water, and shelter. Moreover, forests contribute to climate stability and provide food for animals who live there or depend on them for their livelihoods.

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Wildlife Conservation Essay for Students in English [Easy Words]

January 15, 2021 by Sandeep

Essay on Wildlife Conservation: Protecting the wild animals, plants and the related fauna is collectively referred to as wildlife conservation. Man exploited wildlife and exercised poaching for his personal benefits. Due to his selfishness, many species are on the verge of extinction today. In 1972 the Indian government passed a wildlife protection act to prevent damage to wildlife. Zoos, botanical gardens, and wildlife sanctuaries are some of the ways wildlife is being preserved.

Essay on Wildlife Conservation 500 Words in English

Below we have provided Wildlife Conservation Essay in English, suitable for class 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 & 10.

“Wherever there are wild animals in the world, there is always an opportunity for caring, compassion, and kindness.”

Wildlife refers to the species of animals that are not domesticated. It plays a significant role in preserving the Earth’s ecological balance. It also provides stability to different natural processes. Wildlife conservation is a well-protecting wildlife population, ecosystems, and plants. Each species in the world needs food, water, shelter and, most importantly, reproductive opportunities.

Wildlife is a beautiful divine invention. God did not construct the universe exclusively for man. On this Earth, we consider the magnificent oak to the tiniest grass, from the giant whale to the smallest fries, in the wood. God forms all of these in a very balanced way. We, human beings, cannot contribute to these marvellous creations of nature but can preserve them. Thus, wildlife protection is essential to preserve the equilibrium of mother earth.

Types of Wildlife Conservation

Conservation of wildlife can be divided into two essential terms, namely “in situ conservation” and “ex-situ conservation.”

In-Situ Protection: This form of protection preserves the imperil animal or plant in its natural environment. In Situ Conservation falls under initiatives such as National Parks, Biological Reserves.
Ex-Situ Conservation: Ex-situ wildlife protection simply means off-site protection of wild animals and plants by eliminating and relocating a portion of a population to protected habitat.

Need for Wildlife Conservation

Conservation of wildlife is necessary to maintain a healthy ecological equilibrium among all living things. Every living being on this planet has a unique place in the food chain, and therefore contribute in their specific way to the ecosystem. Unfortunately, humans are destroying many natural ecosystems of plants and animals for land creation and firming. Some other factors that lead to the disappearance of wildlife are like poaching for fur, jewellery, meat, and leathers etc. If we do not take any action to save biodiversity , then one day all animals will be on the list of endangered species.

It is up to us to save the wildlife and our planet. It is also vital for medical values since a considerable number of plants and animal species are used to derive certain essential drugs. Ayurveda, India’s ancient medicinal system, also uses extracts of various herbs and plants. Wildlife protection is essential for preserving a safe and healthy climate. Birds like Eagle and Vulture, for example, contribute to nature by collecting dead bodies from animals and keeping the surroundings healthy.

Effective Wildlife Conservation Methods in India

To protect the environment, various types of wildlife management approaches may be employed. The following are some vital wildlife conservation methods in India:-

Wildlife Conservation Laws – The 1972 Wildlife Protection Act is an act which attempts to protect the Indian wildlife. The Indian parliament enacted this act on 9 September 1972, and after that, the destruction of wildlife was limited to some degree.
Habitat Management – This approach is used to perform wildlife conservation surveys and to hold statistical data. After that, the wildlife habitat can be improved.
Creation of Protected Area – Protected areas are created to preserve wildlife, such as national parks, reserve forests, wildlife sanctuaries, etc. In these restricted regions, wildlife protection laws are implemented to protect the species.
Awareness – There is a need to educate the people about the value of wildlife for wildlife conservation in India. Some people neglect or hurt wildlife since they are unaware of wildlife’s significance. Thus, awareness of conserving wildlife in India can be spread amongst people.
Eliminating Superstitions – Wildlife has always been endangered by superstition. Many body parts of wild animals, parts of trees are used as treatments for other diseases. Such remedies have no theoretical basis at all. Also, some people claim that bone, fur etc. will heal their chronic illness by wearing or using other animals.

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Free sample essay on Forest and Wildlife Conservation

They are one of the most valuable resources and gifts of nature. They play a key role in the maintenance climate, rain-patterns, water and soil conservation.

They are the natural home of much type- of animals, birds, reptiles, insects etc. They supply timber, fuel, medicines, and wood for peeper-pulp and raw materials for many industries. The increasing depletion and destruction of wildlife is a source of great concern. One out of every seven persons of the world live in India.

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India has 16 per cent of the world’s population with only 2.4 percent of its land area. There is much pressure on our natural resources including forests. In these times of increasing consumerism and nature- hostile activities, the forest-cover is depleting and deteriorating very fast.

The conservation of wildlife which includes native plants and animals, depends on protection of forests. Wildlife is the direct product of the land resources and habitat conditions. The neglect of forests moans the destruction of the wild animals.

Wildlife, like we human beings, need food, water, and shelter. Destruction of forests, wetlands, marshes, points, grasslands etc. eliminates their sources of food, water and habitat. The National wildlife action Plan launched in 1983 provides the framework of strategy as well as programme for conservation of wildlife.

The protected area network till 1 993 consisted of 75 national parks and 421 sanctuaries covering 4.5 per cent of the total geographical area, which was proposed to be increased to 5.1 per cent. The wildlife protection Act, 1972 governs wildlife conservation and protection of endangered species. The Act prohibits trade in rare and endangered species.

India is a signatory to the Convention on International Trade of Endangered species of Wild Flora and Fauna. Under this export or import of these endangered species is subject to strict control. Commercial exploitation such species is prohibited. The Wild Life Protection Act, 1972 has been suitably amended to make the provisions more effective. Endangered species of plants and animals have been brought under the purview of ten acts.

India is very rich both in flora and fauna but many plant and animal species are already extinct and many other are on the road to extinction. In spite of various acts and rules- regulations against exploitation of wildlife, the real conservation has one of the major wildlife producer counties of the world and yet there is a skeleton staff to safeguard the interests of wildlife. Poachers are on the prowl even in sanctuaries and protected forest areas.

They have become fertile hunting grounds for illegal hunting and killing of animals. The rich and influential people and traders in, animal-skins, horns, etc. have been indulging in hunting, killing and trading of wildlife with impunity. They carry telescopic rifles and other weapons, use traps and poison food and kill the animals.

As a result of ecological imbalances and depleting forest-cover, the wild animals come out at night in search of food in the villages and attack human beings and domestic animals and fowls. In some parts of Uttar Pradesh the hyena and wolf-menace was very much in the news. Many children were killed by the wolves and hyenas.

Similarly, in Pauri Garwal district of UP some leopards turned into man-eaters. Faced with the scarcity of animals for prey in the forest and continuing attacks from poachers, they become man- eaters. And once a man-eater is always a man- eater because man is the softest target.

On many an occasion, the villagers injure more animals then they kill and so the injured animals turn into man-eaters and attack villages at night for food. When a human kill takes place, every leopard or tiger is regarded as man-eater and there is indiscriminate killing consequently, the number of these felines is decreasing fast.

Thousands of snails, frog, rats, earthworms, cockroaches and other animals are killed for dissection in schools, colleges and laboratories for experiments. Snakes are also killed indiscriminately out of ignorance as greed. This destroys and disturbs the fragile ecological balance. Tigers are subjected to utmost brutality by man, the most intelligent and evolved animal on the earth.

There is mindless destruction of forests for timber, firewood and fuel. Every year there is a loss of about 1.3 hectares of forest area in India because of large and indiscriminate clearing of forests for cultivation, quarrying and large dams and irrigation projects.

Then there is intensive and indiscriminate logging for commercial purposes by contractors and timber-merchants. Over-grazing has also taken its toll. The result is serious ecological imbalance and environment degradation. There is much pressure on forests and the relation between men and forests has reached the lowest depth.

Conservation of forests and wildlife is also important from aesthete point of view. They make life beautiful and colourful. Without them human life will lose much of its beauty, charm and meaning. Their proper protection and conservation also means a continuous and adequate supply of food, fodder, medicines, timber etc.

Forests and wildlife and renewable resources which need to be diligently protected, preserved and increased in a planned way. There is a need to spread the awareness about forest and wildlife conservation. Social forestry can be taught in schools as a subject.

More and more trees should be planted, protected and seen growing and maturing. There should be a ban on mobile zoos and animal rights activists should come forward to wage a war on behalf of the mute and innocent animals.

The destruction and degradation of forests in upper reigns like Himalayas causes such other ruins as erosion of top soil erratic rainfall, and recurring floods. Deforestation is a great social and national evil and should be checked on priority basis. It results in loss of productivity and environment degradation among much other harm.

Encroachment on forests should also be checked and, if possible, banned, Non government agencies, village communities; trial’s etc. should be involved in social forestry and regeneration of degraded forest lands. They should be allowed to share the benefits of these schemes in a judicious manner. The forest and wildlife conservation laws should be made more stringent and practiced scrupulously.

Veerappan’s continued bloody trade in ivory and sandalwood trade upsets all concerned. Throughout the Nilgiris, it is now almost impossible to spot a large tusker. The full blown assault on forest and wildlife saddens all the Indians and wildlife lovers in foreign countries.

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illegal logging in Amazon causes bare earth

National parks and other protected areas often fail to conserve Earth’s forests, research finds

Senior lecturer in Economics / Institute for Climate Risk and Response, UNSW Sydney

Disclosure statement

Timothy Neal does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.

UNSW Sydney provides funding as a member of The Conversation AU.

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The destruction of nature is a global crisis. Establishing protected areas of forest is a common policy governments use to tackle the problem.

Indeed most countries, including Australia, have signed a global agreement to protect 30% of land by 2030. But to what extent do protected areas, such as national parks and nature reserves, actually preserve forests?

My new research examined this question. The findings are the first global-scale estimate of where protected areas are succeeding and failing.

Alarmingly, I found protected areas fail to prevent forest loss in many parts of the world. Clearly, we must make these areas more effective to conserve the remaining diversity of Earth’s plants and animals.

Sign reading 'Yellowstone National Park' with trees in background

Probing protected areas

Forests are often destroyed through human activity such as logging with chainsaws or the deliberate use of fire . The aim is usually to extract timber, or to clear land for agriculture, roads, housing or other human purposes.

Natural bushfires can also damage forests. In some cases, ecosystems are so badly burnt they cannot recover . There’s a link to human activity here too, because human-caused climate change is leading to more severe, frequent, and wider-ranging bushfires in places such as Australia.

I wanted to know how well protected areas prevent forests from being lost.

To work this out, I first took a map that covers the precise boundaries of about 300,000 of the world’s protected areas. I overlaid it with high-resolution satellite data from between 2001 and 2022 showing forest loss just inside and just outside these boundaries.

This method assumed if forest loss was much higher just outside the boundary of a protected area than inside, the protection was working.

Conversely, if forest loss was relatively similar inside and outside the boundary, that shows the protection did not have a strong effect.

This idea can apply even if forest loss on both sides of the boundary is low – because it suggests the area is remote or otherwise not sought-after for human activity. In these cases, we have no evidence that protection is effective, because the forest probably would have been retained even if the protection wasn’t in place.

What I found

I found protected areas prevent an average 30% of forest loss that would have occurred if the policy was not in place. Forest loss occurred in protected areas in all countries – including Australia – but less frequently than in unprotected forest.

The 30% figure is discouragingly low. But it does indicate protected areas are effective to some degree. And effectiveness varies significantly across countries, as the below graphic shows.

World map showing red, blue, apricot and white areas

The policy is almost completely ineffective in many countries, including Indonesia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Bolivia, Venezuela, Madagascar, Russia and Gabon. Several of these countries house vast amounts of the planet’s remaining biodiversity. Most, but not all, are developing economies.

In the case of forest loss due to fire, protected areas in advanced economies were also ineffective in some cases.

Australia is a good example. Protected areas here were fairly effective from 2001 to 2018. But the horrific 2019–20 Black Summer fires burned indiscriminately through large swathes of protected forest.

In better news, protected areas were highly effective in some areas, such as New Zealand, Canada, Scandinavia and the Baltic states (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania).

What this all means

My research illustrates the large improvements needed in many protected areas across the globe to genuinely conserve forests. More research is also needed to understand the best policies to achieve this, before it’s too late.

Developing countries clearly need help to protect their forests. Corruption, political instability, and a lack of resources can make it difficult for governments in these nations to enforce forest conservation laws. Government indifference can also play a role .

How do we turn this around? Schemes such as REDD+ , which pays local communities to conserve forest that may otherwise be cleared, could be scaled up .

Foreign aid for forest conservation, from countries such as Australia , can also help. And non-government organisations such as African Parks can put rangers on the ground to help patrol and enforce the integrity of protected areas.

Technology such as real-time deforestation alerts from satellite data can also help .

My findings also highlight the threat climate change poses to forest ecosystems in Australia and elsewhere. Obviously, fire does not respect the boundaries of a national park or other protected area.

So yes, it’s great to see governments around the world signing up to protect 30% of their land . But my work shows attention is needed to make sure those protected areas are working.

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Deforestation
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Wildlife conservation in Kenya

Kenya is one of the most popular safari destinations in the world, with good reason. You can find a vast array of incredible plants and wildlife there, including the famous Big 5—lions, elephants, buffalo, rhinos, and leopards—and the wildebeest migration, known as a wonder of the modern world. Its biodiversity makes Kenya an integral part of global wildlife conservation efforts.

Let’s examine why Kenya has such incredible biodiversity and learn about some of the ways IFAW is working to protect Kenyan landscapes and wildlife.

Kenya’s vibrant wildlife

Kenya is home to an estimated 30,000 different animal and plant species, making it one of the ten most biodiverse countries on the planet. The majority of those species, about 25,000, are invertebrates—animals without a backbone, such as insects and worms—but there are also some familiar faces, including the Big 5 African mammals. Kenya boasts of 1,100 bird species, 315 mammals, 191 reptiles, 180 freshwater fish, 692 saltwater fish, and 88 amphibians. Out of these, some of the most iconic and endangered animal species include black and white rhinos , giraffes , Grevy’s zebras , and African savannah elephants .

In addition to these iconic large mammals, you can find some physically unique animals in Kenya . One example is the dik-dik , a dwarf antelope species which reaches a maximum of 45 centimeters (17.7 inches) tall. You might also find the elephant shrew , a small rodent that hops like a rabbit. Some are endemic, such as the critically endangered Taita apalis , and migratory birds, such as the osprey .

Kenya’s protected landscapes

Kenya lies in East Africa and is almost equally divided into two by the equator. It is approximately 580,000 square kilometers (223,939 square miles), with a lengthy coastline along the Indian Ocean. In addition to the iconic savannahs, the country has mountains, forests, deserts, and even swamps. These varied ecosystems give Kenya varied macro-climates that provide optimal conditions for the survival of different plant and animal communities.

Wildlife conservation is important in Kenya, and about 12% of the total land mass has some form of protection. In total, 8% is defined as either parks or reserves, with 23 national parks and 28 national reserves on land. There are also four marine national parks and six marine national reserves.

Communities derive benefits from these national reserves, such as fish, fuel wood, non-timber forest products, and pasture for livestock during prolonged droughts. The protection status of national parks allows for non-consumptive utilisation only such as tourism, research, and photography. With Kenya’s population expected to reach 57.8 million by 2030, human impact on the environment and natural resources is an issue of major concern.

Animals are protected while they remain within one of these protected areas, but many animals leave national parks and reserves as part of migrations or in search of food and water. This freedom means they can then come into close contact—and sometimes conflict —with humans.

IFAW’s wildlife conservation work in Kenya

Given Kenya’s incredible biodiversity, it’s no surprise that the IFAW has been heavily invested in conservation efforts for 25 years here. Here are some of our key projects and achievements.

Room to Roam

Localized protections have been an important feature of wildlife conservation for decades, but they don’t always meet the needs of larger animals such as elephants. Elephants can travel up to 195 kilometers (121 miles) per day and must migrate across huge distances to find food.

IFAW’s Room to Roam initiative aims to work with these needs rather than against them. We’re building a matrix of connected, protected habitats across southern and East Africa for elephants to safely roam.

Community involvement is key to Room to Roam’s success. IFAW works with the people living closest to the animals and habitats we strive to protect. Our approach is to work with these communities to develop strategies to promote coexistence between people and wildlife—empowering communities from the ground up.

We’re supporting the creation of climate-resilient landscapes by restoring the natural biodiversity of Kenya’s ecosystems. These offer protection from the effects of climate change and vital resources, allowing wild animals and humans to thrive.

Jenga Mama: Empower a woman

IFAW works to empower communities to protect wildlife through the pursuit of wildlife-friendly livelihoods. Jenga Mama —Swahili for ‘Empower a Woman’—is one of these projects.

Women play key roles in providing for their families, and in rural communities, this means utilizing natural resources for food and shelter. The struggle to generate enough income can lead to conflict with wildlife or result in an over-exploitation of nature.

Jenga Mama is a trailblazing education project working with a group of 60 women from Kenya’s Maasai community. The women are taught vocational skills, including dressmaking and catering, as well as the entrepreneurial skills they need to set up their own businesses.

With their new businesses, these women can support their families, easing the tensions between their communities and wildlife. They can also become advocates for wildlife within their communities.

Team Lioness

Women are also at the forefront of our wildlife conservation efforts in Team Lioness . Team Lioness is one of the first all-women ranger units in Kenya and consists of 17 young Maasai women who are dedicated to protecting animals in community land surrounding Amboseli National Park.

As the members of Team Lioness come from the same community they patrol, they can utilise their social networks to gather information that aids in carrying out their wildlife security duties. These rangers are the first women in their families to have professional employment, proving to the community that protecting wildlife is beneficial to people and animals.

Team Lioness are on the front line of conservation and combating wildlife crime, as first responders to human-wildlife conflict incidents, protecting elephants , lions , giraffes , cheetahs , and other key species. They’re countering the threat of poaching and working within their local communities to prevent human-wildlife conflict and spread awareness.

Conserving coastal Kenya’s marine life

Kenya might be best known for lions, elephants, and other land animals, but we’re also doing essential work protecting coastal ecosystems and the animals that rely on them. Just like the land, the Kenyan coastline has incredible biodiversity and many endangered species.

Kenya’s five marine turtle species are all classified as endangered or critically endangered. They live alongside whales , dolphins , dugongs , sharks , and rays in these waters. All of these animals are at risk from overfishing, loss of mangrove cover, and climate change .

We’ve been providing training to government workers to share strategies for marine conservation and supporting research to understand how the populations of these animals are changing over time. In March 2024, IFAW facilitated the first marine mammal workshop in Kenya , training fishermen, beach management units, members of dive clubs and community-based organizations, rangers working within Kenya’s marine parks, and officials from the Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute (KMFRI) on the best practices in marine mammal management and conservation.

Together with coastal communities, we are helping diversify livelihoods to reduce overfishing and improve waste management to protect animals from poisoning, harm, and hazardous objects.

Even simple steps can have a large impact , such as increasing awareness among fishermen about the benefits of proper lines and nets rather than re-purposing mosquito nets. This prevents other species from becoming collateral damage through bycatch.

Supporting wildlife rangers

Illegal poaching and other wildlife crimes represent a huge risk to many of Kenya’s endangered animals. We collaborate extensively with communities to combat these various threats.

Within the Amboseli-Tsavo-Kilimanjaro landscape , we support the Olgulului Community Wildlife Rangers . This includes providing them with non-lethal supplies and equipment to protect themselves and animals. In addition, we provide support to ranger welfare and that of their families, including additional housing, supplies, and education. We also support rangers in Loita, Kenya, from the Ilkimpa Community Conservation Association (ICCA).

We’re also working closely with enforcement agencies on the laws around wildlife crime and empowering teams on the ground to enforce those laws. We’re helping with innovative ways to identify illegal activity and take action quickly to avoid further harm to wildlife.

Where criminal acts are identified, we support the judicial system to ensure that wildlife crimes are successfully prosecuted and the perpetrators punished. This directly protects animals from those individuals and discourages others from harming wildlife for profit.

As part of these efforts, we support the counter-poaching efforts of the Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) air wing.

Supporting alternative livelihoods

We want to offer communities powerful, sustainable alternatives to poaching and other income sources that impact wildlife. We’ve partnered with the private sector to help young people in key villages have a brighter future.

As part of this project, we’ve helped people enter the formal financial system and earn an income from commerce or tourism. We’ve trained others in better agricultural techniques and improved their crop yields.

Education is at the heart of much of our work. We’ve been able to support 66 students through high school and university. These students have studied subjects ranging from business to medicine, but they’re all bringing their knowledge and talents back to support their communities.

Mitigating human-wildlife conflict

Not all threats to wildlife come from poaching. Conflict can sometimes occur as people and animals share scarce resources like water and food, predators threaten livestock, and elephants crop raid agricultural land. We work together with communities and rangers to find helpful solutions for peaceful coexistence with wildlife.

In collaboration with USAID , Big Life Foundation , Amboseli Ecosystem Trust (AET), Taita Taveta Wildlife Conservancies Association (TTWCA), and Tsavo Trust , we’ve created 55 local wildlife conservancies which reduce or eliminate human-wildlife conflict. This incredible project has protected the livelihoods of over 90,000 people—without harming wildlife.

Combating wildlife trafficking

IFAW and our partners, the African Wildlife Foundation and Kenya Wildlife Service, have been working together to fight criminals who are trying to traffic animals across the Kenya-Tanzania border, supported by funding from the US State Department’s Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs (INL), and Delegation of the EU to Kenya. We’re improving law enforcement capabilities through the use of DNA evidence and digital technologies.

Ultimately, we want to put an end to wildlife crime . Supporting both law enforcement and local communities offers us the best chance to achieve that goal.

IFAW is making huge strides in wildlife conservation in Kenya, but we can’t do it without your help. Join our effort to protect these incredible animals by donating now or finding out how you can take action for animals .

Landscape Conservation

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16 of the world’s most endangered animals in 2024

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Conservation of Mangrove Forests Amid Decline in Bac Lieu Province, Vietnam: The Double-Edged Sword of Integrated Aquaculture

19 Pages Posted: 13 Sep 2024

Van Viet Tran

Can Tho University

Wen-Pei Tsai

National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology

Hoang Huy Huynh

Key drivers behind the ongoing decline of mangrove forests in Bac Lieu province, Vietnam, were investigated, with a focus on environmental conditions and human activities. Mangroves, which are crucial for coastal protection, biodiversity, and habitats for aquatic species, face significant threats. Data collected from March 2023 to March 2024 included surveys of 150 aquaculture households across three communes and interviews with 30 loggers and 30 fishers. To analyze the relationship between farm size and aquaculture income, households were categorized by farm size (Small: 2.0-2.5 ha; Medium: >2.5-3.5 ha; Large: >3.5 ha). Aquaculture expansion, driven by insufficient income from designated plots, emerged as the primary cause of mangrove deforestation. The limited size of allocated mangrove areas leads households to clear additional land to increase production. Fishing practices, such as digging under mangrove roots, also contribute to degradation, though to a lesser extent. These activities, while individually less impactful, are frequent and difficult to manage. Moreover, there are other contributing factors that, although less significant, are beyond the capacity of the local government to effectively manage. A growing awareness among farmers of the increasingly blurred boundaries between mangrove forests and agricultural land underscores the declining effectiveness of existing management practices. Urgent improvements in mangrove management and more effective conservation strategies are essential for protecting these ecosystems, which are critical not only for local sustainability but also for global efforts to combat mangrove deforestation.

Keywords: Aquaculture, Conservation, Decline, Deforest, Mangrove, Natural resource management.

Suggested Citation: Suggested Citation

Can Tho University ( email )

Can Tho City Vietnam

National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology ( email )

2 Jhuoyue Rd. Nanzih Kaohsiung City, 811 Taiwan

Hoang Huy Huynh (Contact Author)

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Wildlife featured in this article, wild cam: wolverine densities vary across canadian boreal forest.

September 10, 2024 by Joshua Rapp Learn

JWM article shows legal trapping is the primary source of death in Alberta and Ontario

After decades of uncertainty, researchers have established population estimates for wolverines in two boreal forest areas in Alberta and Ontario.

The results reveal that the carnivore’s populations are denser in Alberta than Ontario, though trapping was a major conservation concern for both populations.

In both areas, trapping caused twice as many deaths as predation and vehicle collisions combined, said Matt Scrafford, a conservation scientist at the Wildlife Conservation Society Canada who was the principal investigator of both studies.

In a study published recently in The Journal of Wildlife Management , Scrafford and his colleagues analyzed and compared the two populations of wolverines ( Gulo gulo )—one in each province. In northwestern Alberta, Scrafford and his team tracked wolverines around Rainbow Lake from 2013 to 2016. In Ontario, they estimated the population around Red Lake in the northwest of the province from 2018 to 2022.

“They’re very hard to study,” Scrafford said. “They live in very remote places.”

The researchers used baited poles fixed with trail cameras. The camera, aimed at the best angle to capture photos of the animals’ unique chest patterns, would go off as the wolverine walked up the pole, which sticks out parallel to the ground.

They also captured wolverines using traps, placing unique ear tags on them for identification.

Based on the live captures and the photos, Scrafford and his colleagues estimated wolverine population numbers at these locations. They found twice as many wolverines in Rainbow Lake, Alberta, as in Red Lake, Ontario, per capita. In Rainbow Lake, an area important for the oil and gas industry, the team estimated 6.7 wolverines per 1,000 square kilometers, while at Red Lake they estimated about 3.5 wolverines per 1,000 square kilometers.

The researchers aren’t sure why there are more wolverines around the Alberta site than the Ontario site, but they think it might be due to the latter being farther south. Rainbow Lake is within core wolverine distribution, while Red Lake is near the southern end of the species’ range in Ontario—there aren’t many wolverines south of that area.

The researchers also tracked the animals with GPS and VHF collars for several years—45 in Rainbow Lake and 53 in Red Lake. These devices revealed some of the common causes of death for the carnivores, as well as information about their denning habits and typical diet.

Overall, trapping was the primary cause of death for wolverines by a long shot. Alberta permits two animals per year per trapper—one intentional and one incidental—while in Ontario, trapping of wolverines by non-Indigenous trappers is prohibited due to their threatened status in the province. Nonetheless, trappers accidently catch wolverines in traps meant for martens ( Martes americana ), lynx ( Lynx canadensis ), wolves ( Canis lupus ), or other wildlife in both locations.

In fact, Scrafford and his colleagues removed traps and snares from the limbs and necks of several wolverines they captured during their study. Others were missing paws—possibly from getting caught in snares in the past. “They likely had to chew their paw off to free themselves,” Scrafford said.

Roadkill and wolf predation were also sources of death in both locations, with a handful of kills in each province. The wolf kills happened mostly along roads, so humans may be indirectly responsible for the number of dead wolverines in these areas by providing access routes for the canids deep into wolverine habitat.

“We found fairly low survival in Rainbow Lake and slightly higher survival in Red Lake,” Scrafford said.

As a result, the population trajectory showed evidence of decline in northwestern Alberta, with a 50-60% yearly survival rate, while the population in northwestern Ontario was predicted to remain stable, with an 85-86% yearly survival rate. Since these species are long lived and slow to reproduce, the cutoff for a stable population is about 75% yearly survival, Scrafford said.

Scrafford said that reducing access roads and seismic cut lines used by the oil and gas industry might be one way of reducing deaths, since both human trappers and wolves use these features to access wolverine habitat.

This photo essay is part of an occasional series from The Wildlife Society featuring photos and video images of wildlife taken with camera traps and other equipment. Check out other entries in the series here . If you’re working on an interesting camera trap research project or one that has a series of good photos you’d like to share, email Josh at [email protected] .

This article features research that was published in a TWS peer-reviewed journal. Individual online access to all TWS journal articles is a benefit of membership. Join TWS now  to read the latest in wildlife research.

Header Image: Wolverines are found in both Ontario and Alberta. Credit: Liam Cowan

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Essay on "Forest and Wildlife Conservation" Complete Essay for Class 10
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Wildlife Conservation Essay for Students in English [Easy Words]

Essay on Wildlife Conservation 500 Words in English

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