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The life of sant kabir das.

It was sometime in mid 15th century that the poet-saint Kabir Das was born in Kashi (Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh). The details about the life of Kabir are shrouded in uncertainty. There are differing opinions, contrasting facts and multiple legends about his life. Even sources discussing his life are scanty. Earliest sources include the Bijak and Adi Granth . Others are Nabhaji by Bhakta Mal, Dabistan-i-Tawarikh by Mohsin Fani and Khajinat al-Asafiya.

Indian postage stamp with a picture of Saint Kabir, 1952. Source: Wikimedia Commons

It is said that Kabir was conceived miraculously. His mother was a devout Brahmin widow who had accompanied her father on a pilgrimage to a famous ascetic. Impressed by their dedication, the ascetic blessed her and told her she would soon bear a son. After the son was born, to escape dishonor (as she was not married), Kabir’s mother abandoned him. Young Kabir was adopted by Nima, the wife of a Muslim weaver. In another version of the legend, the ascetic assured the mother that the birth would be in an unusual manner and so it was, Kabir was born out of the palm of his mother! In this version of the story too, he was later adopted by the same Nima.

When people started doubting and questioning Nima about the child, the newly born miraculously proclaimed in a firm voice, “I was not born of a woman but manifested as a boy...I have neither bones, nor blood, nor skin. I reveal to men the Shabda (Word). I am the highest being...”

One can see similarities between the story of Kabir and biblical legends. Questioning the veracity of these legends would be a futile task. We would need to explore the idea of legends itself. Fantasies and myths are not characteristic of ordinary life. The fate of the ordinary man is oblivion. Flowery legends and supernatural acts are associated with extraordinary lives. Even if Kabir’s was not a virgin birth, these legends reveal that he was an extraordinary human being and hence an important person.

By the standard of the times he was living in, ‘Kabir’ was an unusual name. It is said he was named by a Qazi who opened the Qur’an several times to find a suitable name for the child and each time ended up on Kabir, meaning ‘Great,’ used for none other than the God, Allah Himself.

Kabira tu hi kabiru tu tore naam Kabir Ram ratan tab paiye jad pahile tajahi sarir

Thou art great, you are the same, your name is Kabir The jewel Ram is found only when bodily attachment is renounced.

In his poems, Kabir calls himself a julaha and kori . Both mean weaver, belonging to a lower caste. He did not associate himself completely with either Hindus or Muslims.

Jogi gorakh gorakh karai, Hind ram na uccharai Musalman kahe ek khudai, kabira ko swami ghat ghat rahiyo samai.

Kabir did not undertake any formal education. He was not even trained as a weaver. While his poems abound with weaving metaphors, his heart was not fully into this profession. He was on a spiritual journey to seek the Truth which is clearly manifested in his poetry.

Tanana bunana Sabhu tajyo hai Kabir Hari ka naam likhi liyo sarir

Kabir has renounced all spinning and weaving The name of Hari is imprinted all over his body.

A painting from 1825 depicts Kabir weaving. Source: Wikimedia Commons

To satiate his spiritual quest, he wanted to become the chela (disciple) of Ramananda, a famed saint in Varanasi. Kabir felt that if he could somehow know the secret mantra of his teacher, his initiation would follow. Saint Ramananda used to visit a certain ghat regularly in Varanasi. When Kabir saw him approaching, he lay down on the stairs of the ghat and was struck by Ramananda who out of shock gasped the word ‘Ram.’ Kabir found the mantra and he was later accepted as a disciple by the saint.

From Khajinat al-Asafiya, we find that a Sufi pir, Shaikh Taqqi was also the teacher of Kabir. Sufi influence is also quite apparent in Kabir’s teaching and philosophy.

There is a locality named Kabir Chaura in Varanasi which is believed to be the place where he grew up.

Kabir eventually married a woman named Loi and had two children, a son, Kamal and a daughter Kamali. Some sources suggest that he married twice or he did not marry at all. While we do not have the luxury of establishing these facts about his life, we do have insights into the philosophy propagated by him through his poems.

Kabir was deeply concerned with the spiritual. In the Dabistan of Mohsin Fani and Ain-i-Akbari of Abul Fazl, he is mentioned as a muwahid or believer in one God. Prof. Hazari Prasad Dwived in the foreword of the book, ‘Kabir,’ by Prabhakr Machwe informed that Kabir was a devotee of Ram but not as an incarnation of Vishnu. For him, Ram is beyond any personal form or attributes. Kabir’s ultimate goal was one absolute God who is formless, without attributes, who is beyond time and space, beyond causation. Kabir’s God is knowledge, bliss. His God is the Shabda or the Word.

Jake munh matha nahin Nahin rupak rap Phup vas te patla Aisa tat anup.

Who is without face or head or symbolic form, subtler than the flower’s fragrance, such an essence is He.

Kabir seems to be deeply influenced by Upanishadic non-dualism and Islamic monism. He was also guided by the Vaishnava Bhakti tradition which stressed on complete surrender towards God.

He did not acknowledge distinctions based on caste. A story goes that one day while some Brahmin men were taking a dip in the holy water of Ganga to expiate their sins, Kabir filled his wooden cup with its water and offered it to the men to drink. The men were quite offended at being offered water from a lower caste man to which he replied, “If the Ganges water cannot purify my cup, how can I believe that it can wash away my sins.”

Dashashwamedh Ghat, the main Ghat of Varanasi. Kabir Must have been here. Source: Archaeological Survey of India

Not just caste, Kabir spoke against idol worship and criticised both Hindus and Muslims for their rites, rituals and customs which he thought were futile. God can be achieved only through complete devotion, he preached.

Log aise bavare, pahan pujan jai Ghar ki chakiya kahe na puje jehi ka peesa khai

People are such fools that they go to worship the stones Why don’t they worship the stone which grinds for them the flour to eat.

All these ideas emerge in his poetry. One cannot separate his spiritual experience and his poems. In fact, he was not a conscious poet. It is his spiritual quest, his ecstasy and agony which he conveyed in his poems. Kabir is an unusual poet by all means. In the 15th century, when Persian and Sanskrit were predominant North Indian languages, he chose to write in colloquial, regional language. Not just one, his poetry is a mixture of Hindi, Khari boli, Punjabi, Bhojpuri, Urdu, Persian and Marwari.

Even though details about Kabir’s life are scanty, his verses have survived. He is a man known for, and by his poems. An ordinary man whose poems have survived over centuries is a testimony to the greatness of his poetry. Even though orally transmitted, Kabir’s poetry is known till today because of its simple language and the depth of spiritual thought and experience it is imbibed with. Many years later after his death, his poems were committed to writing. He wrote two lined doha (couplet) and longer pads (songs) which were set to music. Kabir’s poems are written in a simple language yet they are difficult to interpret as they are interspersed with complicated symbolism. We find no commitment to any standardised form or metre in his poems.

Maati kahe kumhar se tu kyun raunde mohe Ek din aisa aayega main raundungi tohe

Clay says to the potter, why do you stamp on me One day will come when I will trample you (after death)

Kabir’s teachings influenced many individuals and groups spiritually. Guru Nanak ji, Dadu of Ahmedabad who founded the Dadu Panth, Jiwan Das of Awadh who started the Satnami sect are some of those who quote Kabir Das in their spiritual guidance. The largest group of followers are the people of Kabir Panth (‘the Path of Kabir’) who consider him a guru guiding them towards salvation. Kabir Panth is not a separate religion but a spiritual philosophy.

Saint Kabir with Namdev, Raidas and Pipaji, Jaipur, 19th century. Source: Wikimedia Commons

Kabir had travelled widely in his life. He lived a long life. Sources reveal that his body had become so infirm that he could no longer play music in praise of Ram. During the last moments of his life, he had gone to the city of Maghar (Uttar Pradesh). As per a legend, after his death, there arose a conflict between Hindus who wanted to cremate his body and Muslims who wanted to bury it. In a moment of miracle, flowers appeared beneath his shroud, half of which were cremated at Kashi and half buried at Maghar. Certainly, Kabir Das died in Maghar where his grave is located.

Benares has been left by me and my intellect has become little My whole life lost in Shivpuri, at the time of death I have arisen and come to Maghar. O my King, I am a Bairagi and Yogi. when dying, I am not grieved, nor separated from Thee. The mind and breath are made the drinking gourd, the fiddle is constantly prepared The string has become firm, it does not break, unbeaten the fiddle sounds. Sing, sing, O bride, a beautiful song of blessing King Ram, my husband, has come to my house.

(Adi Granth: Translation from ‘Kabir and Kabir Panth’ by G.H. Westcott)

Kabir Chaura, the tomb of Kabir, Maghar, Uttar Pradesh. Source: Wikimedia Commons

Couplets translation credit: ‘Kabir’ by Prabahkar Machwe.

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Kabir Das Jayanti

It is considered that the great poet, Saint Kabir Das, was born in the month of Jyestha on Purnima in the year 1440. That’s why Saint Kabir Das Jayanti or birthday anniversary is celebrated every year with great enthusiasm by his followers and loved ones on the Purnima of Jyestha that lies in the month of May and June.

Kabir Das Jayanti 2023

Kabir Das Jayanti 2023 was celebrated all over India as well as abroad by his followers on the 4 th of June, Sunday.

Biography of Kabir Das

Das Kabir Das, a mystical poet and great Saint of India, was born in the year 1440 and died in 1518. According to Islam, the meaning of the Kabir is something very big and great. Kabir Panth is a huge religious community that identifies Kabir as the originator of the Sant Mat sects. The members of Kabir Panth are known as the Kabir panthis who had extended all over the north and central India. Some of the great writings of the Kabir Das are Bijak, Kabir Granthawali, Anurag Sagar, Sakhi Granth, etc. It is clearly not known about his birth but it is noted that he was raised by a very poor Muslim weavers family. He was very spiritual and became a great Sadhu. He got fame all over the world because of his influential traditions and culture.

It is considered that he got all his spiritual training from his Guru named, Ramananda, in his early childhood. One day, he became a well-known disciple of guru Ramananda. Kabir Das house has been accommodated for students and scholars for living and studying his great works.

There is no clue of the birth parent of the Kabir Das as he was founded in Lehartara, a small town in Varanasi by the Niru and Nima (his caretaker parents). His parents were extremely poor and uneducated but they heartily adopted the little baby and trained him about their own business. He lived a balanced life of a simple householder and a mystic.

Kabir Das Teaching

It is believed that he received his spiritual lessons from Guru Ramananda of Sant Kabir. Initially, Ramananda did not agree to consider Kabir Das his disciple. Once upon a time, Saint Kabir Das was lying on the steps of a pond and was reciting the mantra of Rama-Rama, Ramananda was going to bathe in the morning and Kabir came under his feet. Ramanand felt guilty for that activity and Kabir Das ji urged him to accept him as his student. It is believed that Kabir’s family still lives in Kabir Chaura, Varanasi.

Kabir Matha

Kabir matha is located at the Kabir Chaura, Varanasi, and Lahartara, Varanasi in the back passageways where saints are busy singing Kabir Ke Dohe. It is the place of giving real education of life to the people. Neeru teela was the house of his parents the Neeru and Neema. Now it has become the accommodation for students and scholars who study Kabir’s work.

Philosophies

Sant Kabir was prejudiced by the existing religious mood of that time like Hinduism, Tantrism, as well as the personal devotion, was mixed with the imageless God of Islam. Kabir Das is the first Indian saint who has coordinated Hinduism and Islam by giving a universal path that could be followed by both Hindus and Muslims. According to him, every life has a relationship with two spiritual principles (Jivatma and Paramatma). His view about the moksha was it is the process of uniting these two divine principles.

His great work Bijak has a huge collection of poems that shows Kabir’s general view of spirituality. Kabir’s Hindi was a dialect, simple like his philosophies. He simply followed the unity in God. He has always rejected the murti pujan in Hinduism and shown clear confidence in bhakti and Sufi ideas.

He had composed the poems in a concise and simple style resonating with the admiration of a factual guru. Although being illiterate he had written his poems in Hindi, mixing some other languages like Avadhi, Braj, and Bhojpuri. Although many people insulted him he never gave attention to others.

All the poems and songs credited to the Sant Kabir exist in several languages. Kabir and his followers are named according to his poetic response such as banis and utterances. The poems are called dohe, shloka, and Sakhi. Sakhi means to be memorized and to remind the highest Truth. The memorizing, performing, and pondering over these utterances comprises for the Kabir and all his followers a way to the spiritual awakening.

Life History of Kabir Das

Siddhapeeth Kabirchaura Math Mulgadi and his Tradition:

Kabirchaura Math Mulgadi is the home, historical work place and meditation place of the Saint-Shiromani Kabir Das. He was the only saint of his type, known as the “Sab Santan Sartaj”. It is considered as the history of humanity is worthless without Kabirchaura Math Mulgadi just like all the saints are valueless without Saint Kabir. Kabirchaura Math Mulgadi has its own affluent traditions and effective history. It is the home of Kabir as well as the courageous Vidyapeeth for all the saints. The Indian saints of the Madhyakalin India got their spiritual education from this place. It has been proved in the history of human tradition that it is not necessary to go to the Himalayas for deep meditation, but it can be done by living in the society. Kabir Das himself was the ideal indication of this. He is the real indication of the Bhakti, living together with the normal human being life. He showed the way of free Bhakti to the people instead of worshiping stone.

The used things of the Kabir as well as other saints of his tradition are still kept safe and secure in the Kabir Math. The weaving machine, khadau, rudraksha garland (got from his Guru Swami Ramanand), rust-free trident, and all the other things used by the Kabir are available at the Kabir Math.

Historical well:

A historical well is here at the Kabir Math, the water of which is considered as mixed with the Amrit Ras of his Sadhana. It was first guessed by the great Pandit Sarvanand from the south India. He came here for arguing with the Kabir and felt thirsty. He drunk water and ask for address of Kabir from the kamali. Kamali told him the address but in but in the form of dohe of Kabir Das.

Kabir ka ghar sikher par, jahan silhili gal.

Pav na tikai pipil ka, pandit lade bal.

He went to the Kabir for arguing but Kabir never got ready for it and accepted his defeat in a written form and gave it to Sarvanand. Sarvanand returned his home and showed that paper of defeat to his mother and suddenly he saw that the statement turned just opposite. He was greatly influenced by that truth and again returned to the Kashi to the Kabir Math and became the disciple of the Kabir das. He was influenced by such a great level that he never touched any book for the rest of his life. Later, Sarvanand became famous as Acharya Surtigopal Sahab. He became the head of the Kabir Math after Kabir.

How to reach:

Siddhapeeth Kabirchaura Math Mulgadi is located in the famous cultural city of India known as Varanasi. One can reach the place by airlines, railway lines or by road. It is located about 18 Km from the  Varanasi Airport and about 3 Km from the Varanasi Junction Railway Station .

Kashi Naresh came here to get a Pardon:

Once upon a time, the Kashi Naresh, Raja Virdev Singh Ju Dev came to the Kabir Math with his wife to get a pardon by leaving his kingdom. The history is: once, Kashi King once called all the saints to his kingdom as he heard a lot about Kabir das. Kabir das reached alone with his small water pot. He poured all the water from the small pot on his legs, the small amount of water started flowing on the ground for a long way and the entire kingdom filled with water, so Kabir was asked about that. He said that a devotee panda, in Jagannathpui, was cooking food in his hut which caught fire.

The water which I poured, was for protecting the hut from being fired. The fire was serious so it was very necessary to get more water from the small bottle. But the King and his followers never accepted that statement and they wanted a real witness. They thought that the fire was caught in the Orissa city and Kabir is pouring water here in the Kashi. The King sent one of his followers for the investigation. The follower returned and told that all the statement of Kabir was true. The king felt very sorry and he and his wife decided to go to the Kabir math to get a pardon. They decided to suicide if they didn’t get a pardon. They got a pardon and from that day the King also became a miserable member of Kabirchaura Math.

Samadhi Mandir:

Samadhi Mandir is constructed at the place where Kabir was used to doing his Sadhana. The journey from Sadhana to Samadhi is considered when a saint visits this place. Even today, it is the place where saints feel a lot of unseen positive energy. This place is famous worldwide for peace and energy. It is considered that, after his death, people were quarreling about taking his body for the Antim Sanskar. But, when the door was opened of his Samadhi room, there were only two flowers, which were distributed among his Hindu Muslim disciples for the Antim Sanskar. The Samadhi Mandir is constructed using the strong bricks of the Mirzapur.

Bijak Mandir at Kabir Chabutara:

This place was the workplace as well as the sadhanasthal of the Kabir das. This is the place where he had given the knowledge of Bhakti, Gyan, Karma, and Manavta to his disciples. The place was named Kabir Chabutara. Bijak was the great work of the Kabir Das, that’s why the Kabir Chabutara was named as Bijak Mandir.

Kabir teri jhopadi, galkatto ke pas.

Jo karega so bharega, tum kyon hot udas.

Kabir Das Contribution to the Country

Saint Kabir Das, a Bhakti and Sufi movement saint of medieval India, is extensively for his Bhakti movement in North India. His life cycle is centered in the region of Kashi (also known as the Banaras or Varanasi). He was related to the weaving occupation and cast of Julaha. His immense contribution towards the Bhakti Movement in India is considered as a pioneered one along with the Farid,  Ravidas , and Namdev. He was a saint of combined mystical nature (Nath tradition, Sufism, bhakti) which made him of a distinctive religion of his own. He said that the path of suffering is the real love and life.

In the fifteenth century, people in Varanasi were strongly influenced by the Brahmin orthodoxy as well as learning centers. Kabir Das worked hard to preach his ideology as he belonged to the low caste, Julaha, and made people realize that we all are human. He never felt difference among the people whether they are prostitutes, low caste, or of high caste. He preached to everyone by gathering his followers. He was ridiculed by the Brahmins for his preaching activities but he never criticizes them back and that’s why he was much liked by the common people. He started reforming the mind of common people towards the real truth through his couplets.

He always objected to the ritualistic and ascetic methods as a means of salvation. He said that goodness’s ruby has more value than the ruby mines. According to him, one’s heart with goodness includes all the prosperity of the whole world. A person with mercy has strength, forgiveness has real existence of him, and an individual with righteousness can easily attain the never-ending life. He said that God is in your heart and ever with you, so offer inward worship to him. He had opened the mind of common people by one of his examples that, if the traveler is not able to walk; what can the road do for traveler.

He opened the deep eyes of the people and taught them genuine to lessen of humanity, morality, and spirituality. He was a follower and promoter of the ahimsa. He had turned the people’s minds off his period through his revolutionary preach. There is no real proof and clue about his birth and family, some say he was from a Muslim family; some say he was from a high-class Brahmin family. There was some disagreement among people related to the Muslim and Hindu about the funeral system after his death. His life history is legendary and still teaches human beings real humanity.

The Religion of Kabir Das

According to the Kabir Das, real religion is a way of life the people live it and not made by the people own. According to him, the work is worship and responsibility is like religion. He said that live your life, complete your responsibilities, and work hard to make your life eternal. Never go away from the responsibilities of life like having Sanyasa. He appreciated and valued the family life which is the real meaning of life. It is also mentioned in the Vedas that living life by leaving home and responsibilities is not the real dharma. Living as a householder is also a great and real Sanyasa. Just like, Nirguna sadhus who live a family life, work hard for their daily routine bread as well as chant the name of God.

He has given the people an authentic fact about what is the religion of human beings one should have. Such preaches of him has helped the common people to understand the mystery of life very easily.

Kabir Das: A Hindu or A Muslim

It is considered that after the death of Kabir Das, Hindus and Muslims had claimed for getting the dead body of Kabir Das. Both of them wanted to do the funeral of the dead body of the Kabir Das according to their own customs and traditions. Hindus stated that they want to burn the body as he was a Hindu and Muslims said that they want to bury him under the Mohammedan rites as he was a Muslim.

But, when they removed the sheet from the dead body they found only some flowers at his place. They distributed the flower among each other and completed the funeral according to their own traditions and customs. It is also considered that when they were fighting, the spirit of Kabir das came to them and said that, “I was neither a Hindu nor a Mohammedan. I was both, I was nothing, I was all, I discern God in both. There is no Hindu and no Mussalman. To him who is free from delusion, Hindu and Mussalman are the same. Remove the shroud and behold the miracle!”

The temple of Kabir Das is made at the Kabir Chaura in the Kashi which has now become the great pilgrimage place for the people all over India as well as outside India. And a mosque of him was built by the Muslims over the grave which has become the pilgrimage for Mohammedans.

God of Kabir Das

His Guru Ramanand has given him the name of Lord Rama as a guru-mantra which he had interpreted in his own way. He was devoted to the Nirguna Bhakti and not to the Saguna Bhakti like his Guru. His Rama was an absolute pure Satchitananda, not the son of Dasharatha or king of Ayodhya as he said “Dasaratha ke ghar na janmey, yee chal Maya keenha.” “He was greatly influenced by the Buddhas and the Siddhas over Islamic tradition. According to him, “Nirguna Nama japahu rey Bhaiya, Avigati Ki gati Lakhi Na Jaiya.”

He never differentiated between Allah and Rama, he always preached to the people that these are only different names of one God. He said that there should be a religion of love and brotherhood among people without any high or low class or caste. Devote and surrender yourself towards the God who has no religion or caste. He always believed in the Karma of life.

Death of Kabir Das

Kabir Das, a Sufi poet of the 15th century, there is a belief that he had chosen his own place of death, Magahar, which is located about 240 km away from Lucknow. He has chosen this place to die in order to remove the fairy tale (myth) from the people’s minds. Those days, it was considered that the one who takes his last breathes and dies in the region of Magahar, would never get a place in heaven as well as take birth of a donkey in the next life.

Kabir Das died in Magahar instead of Kashi just because of breaking the myths and superstitions of people. According to the Hindu calendar in Vikram Samvat 1575, he left the world in the Maghar in the month of January in the year 1518 at Magh Shukla Ekadashi. It is also believed that the one who dies in Kashi, go to heaven directly that’s why Hindu people go to the Kashi during their last time and wait for death in order to attain salvation. Kabir Das died out of the Kashi to demolish the myth. One of the famous saying related to this is “jo kabira Kashi mue to rame kaun nihora” which means if there is a simple way to go to heaven just by dying in Kashi then what is the necessity of worshipping God.

The teachings of the Kabir Das are universal and equal to all as he never differentiates among Muslims, Sikhs, Hindus, and others of different religions. There is a mazar and samadhi of the Kabir Das in the Magahar. After his death his Hindu and Muslim followers of the religion fight for the funeral of his body. But when they remove out the sheet from the dead body they only found some flowers taking which they completed the funeral according to their own customs and traditions.

There is a cave a few meters away from the Samadhi indicates his meditation place before death. There is a running trust named Kabir Shodh Sansthan which works as a research foundation in order to promote the research on Kabir Das works. There are running educational institutions as well which includes the teachings of Kabir Das.

Kabir Das: A Mystic Poet

A great mystic poet, Kabir Das, is one of the leading spiritual poets in Indian who has given his philosophical ideas to promote the lives of people. His philosophy of oneness in God and Karma as a real Dharma has changed the mind of people towards goodness. His love and devotion towards God fulfill the concept of both Hindu Bhakti and Muslim Sufi.

It is considered that he was from the Hindu Brahmin family but espoused by the Muslim weavers without a child, Niru and Nimma. He was founded by them into the pond of Lahartara (in Kashi) lying at a huge lotus leaf. At that time there was a lot of disagreement between orthodox Hindu and Muslim people which was the main focus of Kabir Das to resolve that issue by his dohas or couplets.

Professionally he never attended classes but he was a very knowledgeable and mystic person. He wrote his couplets and dohas in the formal language which was greatly spoken at that time which includes Braj, Avadhi, and Bhojpuri as well. He wrote a lot of dohas, couplets, and books of stories based on the social barriers.

Works of Kabir Das

The books written by the Kabir Das are generally collections of dohas and songs. The total works are seventy-two including some of the important and well-known works are Rekhtas, Kabir Bijak, the Suknidhan, Mangal, Vasant, Sabdas, Sakhis, and Holy Agams.

The writing style and language of the Kabir Das is very simple and beautiful. He had written his dohas very boldly and naturally which are full of meanings and significance. He wrote from the depth of his heart. He has compressed the sense of the whole world in his simple dohas and couplet. His sayings are beyond compare and inspiring.

Birth Place of Kabir Das

It is the great pond where Saint Kabir was found by the Neeru and Neema. It is located at the Saint Kabir Math Lahartara in the Kashi.

It is the Saint Kabir Math located in the Lahartara Varanasi. What a great building of peace and real education. Saints from all over the world come here to get a real education.

Kabir Das ke Dohe

“Jab Mein Tha Tab Hari Nahin‚ Ab Hari Hai Mein Nahin, Sab Andhiyara Mit Gaya‚ Jab Deepak Dekhya Mahin” “Bada hua to kya hua, jaise ped khajoor Panthi ko chhaya nahi, phal laage ati door” “Bura jo dekhan mein chala, bura na milaya koye Jo man dekha aapna, mujhse bura na koye” “Guru govind dohu khade, kake lagu paanye Balihari guru aapne govind diyo bataye” “Sab dharti kagaj karu, lekhni sab banray Saat samunder ki masi karu, gurugun likha na jaaye” “aisi vani boliye, man ka aapa khoye auran ko sheetal kare, aaphu sheetal hoye” “Nindak nihare rakhiye, aangan kuti chhaway Bin pani bin sabun, nirmal kare subhav” “Bura jo dekhan mein chala, bura na milaya koye Jo man dekha aapna, mujhse bura na koye” “Dukh mein sumiran sab kare, sukh mein kare na koye Jo sukh mein sumiran kare, to dukh kahe ko hoye” “Maati kahe kumhar se, tu kya rondhe mohe Ek din aisa aayega, mein rondhugi tohe” “Chalti chakki dekh kar, diya kabira roye Do paatan ke bich mein, sabut bacha na koye” “Malin aavat dekh ke, kaliyan kare pukar Phoole phoole chun liye, kaal humari baar” “Kaal kare so aaj kar, aaj kare so ab Pal mein pralaya hoyegi, bahuri karega kab” “Pothi padh padh jag muya, pandit bhaya na koye Dhai akshar prem ka, padhe so pandit hoye” “Sai itna deejiye, ja mein kutumb samaye mein bhi bhookha na rahu, sadhu na bhookha jaye” “Loot sake to loot le, ram naam ki loot Paache pachhtayega, jab pran jayenge chhoot” “Maya mari na man mara, mar mar gaye sarir Asha trishna na mari, keh gaye das kabir”

It is a place where Saint Kabir was used to doing meditation and Bhakti Sadhana.

Related Information

Kabir Das Quotes in English

Some Frequently Asked Questions

Ans . The name of his real parents is unknown but it was Neeru and Neema who found him lying beside a pond in Varanasi.

Ans . He wrote 25 Dohe.

Ans . Ramananda, a Hindu bhakti leader was his guru; although his guru was Hindu any one religion never influenced him.

Ans . There is a total of 72 works of Kabir Das and some of the famous ones are Kabir Bījak, Kabir Bani, Rekhtas, Anurag Sagar, the Suknidhan, Mangal, Kabir Granthawali, Vasant, Sabdas, Sakhis and etc.

Ans. Kabir Das thought that God had no shape. People from many different places followed what he taught.

Ans. Kabir’s songs were written in Hindi, but they used words from other languages like Braj, Bhojpuri, and Awadhi.

Ans. People think that Kabir was born in 1398, on the full moon day of the Jyeshtha month. In January 1518, on Magh Shukla Ekadashi, Kabir’s body was buried in Maghar.

Ans. He worshiped the Nirguna form of God, which he calls Rama, Allah, Hari, Sain, Sahib, and many other names.

Ans. Kabir wasn’t a Brahmin or a Dalit. He was a Julaha, which means he was a Backward Muslim.

Ans. The story of how Kabir was born is still a secret. One story says that his mother was a Brahman who got pregnant after visiting a Hindu temple. Niru and his wife Nima found Kabir Das at the ghat of Lahartara Lake. They took him in and raised him as their own child.

Ans. Saint Kabir’s poems are in the Bhakti style, and they are called Dohas. Dohas are a type of verse that is written in the Matrika meter.

Ans. Kabirdas thinks that Paramatma and Jivatma are the two main parts of every connection we have. Although, the ‘Bijak’ (written by Kabir Das) shows his views of the spiritual path.

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About Kabir Das [ 1440-1518 ] Biography & Life History

Kabir Das , a mystical poet and great Saint of India , was born in the year 1440 and died in the year 1518. According to the Islam the meaning of the Kabir is The Great. Kabir Panth is the huge religious community which identifies the Kabir as the originator of the Sant Mat sects. The members of Kabir Panth are known as the Kabir panthis who had extended all over the over north and central India. Some of the great writings of the Kabir Das are Bijak, Kabir Granthawali, Anurag Sagar, Sakhi Granth etc. It is clearly not known about his birth parents but it is noted that he has been grew up by the very poor family of Muslim weavers. He was very spiritual person and became a great Sadhu. He got fame all over the world because of his influential traditions and culture.

It is considered that he got all his spiritual training from his Guru named, Ramananda, in his early childhood. One day, he became a well known disciple of the Guru Ramananda. The house of the Kabir Das has accommodated students and scholars for living and studying his great works.

There is no clue of the birth parent of the Kabir Das but it is considered that he was cared by a Muslim family. He was founded in Lehartara, a small town in Varanasi by the Niru and Nima (his care taker parents). His parents were extremely poor and uneducated but they very heartily adopted the little baby and trained him about their own business. He lived the balanced life of a simple house holder and a mystic.

Early life and background of Kabir Das

The years of Kabir’s birth and death are unclear. Some historians favor 1398–1448 as the period Kabir lived, while others favor 1440–1518.

Many legends, inconsistent in their details, exist about his birth family and early life. Kabir was picked up and then raised by a Muslim family. However, modern scholarship has abandoned these legends for lack of historical evidence, and Kabir is widely accepted to have brought up in a family of Muslim weavers.

Some scholars state that Kabir’s parents may have been recent converts to Islam, they and Kabir were likely unaware of Islamic orthodox tradition, and are likely to have been following the Nath (Shiva Yogi) school of Hinduism . This view, while contested by other scholars, has been summarized by Charlotte Vaudeville as follows:

Circumcised or not, Kabir was officially a musalman, though it appears likely that some form of Nathism was his ancestral tradition. This alone would explain his relative ignorance of Islamic tenets, his remarkable acquaintance with Tantric-yoga practices and his lavish use of its esoteric jargon [in his poems]. He appears far more conversant with Nath-panthi basic attitudes and philosophy than with the Islamic orthodox tradition. — Charlotte Vaudeville on Kabir (1974), [12]

Kabir is widely believed to have become the first disciple of the Bhakti poet-saint Swami Ramananda in Varanasi, known for devotional Vaishnavism with a strong bent to monist Advaita philosophy teaching that God was inside every person, everything.

It is widely believed that the Hindu saint Ramananda had clearly refused to accept him as his disciple officially but Kabir very cleverly accepted his disciples hood by covering himself in a rag and lying on the steps that led the Ganges where Ramananda was bound to go for a holy dip in the river before dawn : the saint accidentally touched him with his foot and habitually cried “Rama,Rama!”, having touched him with feet and quoting Hinduism’s most holy words (that became Kabir’s “guru-mantra”) were enough, even for the orthodox Ramananda to accept him as his disciple.

Kabir never married and led a celibate’s life. Some legends assert that he revived a dead boy named Kamal and a dead girl named Kamali, who stayed with him as his children.

Kabir’s family is believed to have lived in the locality of Kabir Chaura in Varanasi. Kabīr maṭha (कबीरमठ), a maṭha located in the back alleys of Kabir Chaura, celebrates his life and times. Accompanying the property is a house named Nīrūṭīlā (नीरू टीला) which houses Niru and Nima graves.

Kabir Das Teaching

It is considered that he got his spiritual training came from the Ramananda, guru of the Sant Kabir . In the starting Ramananda was not agreeing to accept Kabir Das as his disciple. Once upon a time, Sant Kabir Das had lie down on the ladders of the pond and reading the mantra of Rama-Rama, in the early morning Ramananda was going for taking bath and Kabir come down below his feet. Ramananda felt guilty for that activity and then Ramananda was forced to accept him as his disciple. It is believed that Kabir’s family is still living in the Kabir Chaura in Varanasi.

Kabir Matha

Kabir matha is located at the Kabir Chaura , Varanasi and Lahartara, Varanasi in the back passageways. Neeru teela was the house of his parents the Neeru and Neema. Now it has become the accommodation for students and scholars who study Kabir’s work.

Philosophies

Sant Kabir was prejudiced by the existing religious mood of that time like Hinduism, Tantrism as well as the personal devotionalism mixed with the imageless God of Islam. Kabir Das is the first Indian saint who has coordinated the Hinduism and Islam by giving a universal path which could be followed by both Hindus and Muslims . According to him every life has relationship with two spiritual principles (Jivatma and Paramatma). His view about the moksha that, it is the process of uniting these two divine principles.

His great writing Bijak has huge a collection of poems which makes clear the Kabir’s general view of the spirituality. Kabir’s Hindi was a dialect, simple like his philosophies. He simply followed the oneness in the God. He has always rejected the murti pujan in Hinduism and shown the clear confidence in bhakti and Sufi ideas.

He had composed the poems in a concise and simple style resonating the admire for factual guru. After being an illiterate he had written his poems in Hindi mixing with Avadhi, Braj, and Bhojpuri . He was insulted by some people but he never attended.

All the poems and songs credited to the Sant Kabir are existing in the several languages. Kabir and his followers are named according to his poetic response such as banis and utterances. The poems are called variously as dohe, saloka and sakhi. Sakhi means to be memorizes and to remind the highest Truth. The memorizing, performing, and pondering over these utterances comprises for the Kabir and all his followers a way to the spiritual awakening.

Life History of Kabir Das

Siddhapeeth Kabirchaura Math Mulgadi and his Tradition :

Kabirchaura Math Mulgadi is the home, historical work place and meditation place of the Saint-Shiromani Kabir Das. He was the only saint of his type, known as the “Sab Santan Sartaj”. It is considered as, the history of humanity is worthless without Kabirchaura Math Mulgadi just like all the saints are valueless without Saint Kabir. Kabirchaura Math Mulgadi has its own affluent traditions and effective history. It is the home of Kabir as well as the courageous vidyapith for all the saints. The Indian saints of the Madhyakalin India got their spiritual education form this place. It has been proved in the history of human tradition that it is not necessary to go to the Himalaya for the deep meditation, but it can be done by living in the society. Kabir Das himself was the ideal indication of this. He is the real indication of the Bhakti, living together with the normal human being life. He showed the way of free Bhakti to the people instead of worshiping stone. History witnessed that the tradition of here give the reputation and recognition to all the saints.

The used things of the Kabir as well as other saints of his tradition are still kept safe and secure in the Kabir Math . The weaving machine, khadau, rudraksh garland (got from his Guru Swami Ramanand), rust free trident and all the other thing used by the Kabir someday are available at the Kabir Math.

Historical well:

A historical well is here at the Kabir Math, the water of which is considered as mixed with the Amrit Ras of his Sadhana . It was first guessed by the great Pandit Sarvanand from the south India. He came here for arguing with the Kabir and felt thirsty. He drunk water and ask for address of Kabir from the kamali. Kamali told him the address but in but in the form of dohe of Kabir Das.

Kabir ka ghar sikher par, jahan silhili gal. Pav na tikai pipil ka, pandit lade bal.

He went to the Kabir for arguing but Kabir never accepted to argue and given Sarvanand a written of accepting defeat. Sarvanand returned his home and showed that paper of defeat to his mother and suddenly he saw that the statement was opposite. He was greatly influenced by that truth and again returned to the Kashi to the Kabir Math and became the disciple of the Kabir das . He was influenced by such a great level that he never touched any book in his rest life. Later, Sarvanand became famous as Acharya Surtigopal Sahab. He became the head of the Kabir Math after Kabir.

How to reach:

Siddhapeeth Kabirchaura Math Mulgadi is located in the famous cultural city of the India known as the Varanasi. One can reach to the place by airlines, railway lines or by road. It is located about 18 Km from the Varanasi Airport and about 3 Km from the Varanasi Junction Railway Station.

Kashi Naresh came here to get Pardon:

Once upon a time, the Kashi Naresh, Raja Virdev Singh Ju Dev came at to the Kabir Math with his wife to get pardon by leaving his kingdom. The history is: once, Kashi King called all the saints to his kingdom as he heard much fame of the Kabir das. Kabir das reached there to the kingdom alone with his small water bottle. He poured all the water of the small bottle on his leg, the small amount water started flowing on the ground for long way. The entire kingdom filled with water, so Kabir was asked about that. He said that, a devotee panda, in Jagannathpui, was cooking food in his hut which caught fire.

The water which I poured, was for protecting the hut from being fired. The fire was serious so it was very necessary to get more water from the small bottle. But the King and his followers never accepted that statement and they want the real witness. They thought that the fire was caught in the Orissa city and Kabir is pouring water here in the Kashi. The King sent one of his followers for the investigation. The follower returned and told that all the statement of Kabir was true. The king became very shamed and he and his wife had decided to go to the Kabir math to get pardon. If they will not get pardon, they will suicide there. They got pardon and from that time the King was always united with the Kabirchaura Math.

Samadhi Mandir:

Samadhi mandir is constructed at the place where Kabir was used to of doing his Sadhana. The travel from Sadhana to Samadhi is complete here for all the saints. Till date, it is the place where saints are feeling the flow of huge energy. It is the worldwide famous place of peace and energy. It is considered that, after his death, people were quarreling of taking his body for the Antim Sanskar. But, when the door was opened of his Samadhi room, there were only two flowers, which were distributed among his Hindu Muslim disciples for the Antim Sanskar. The Samadhi Mandir is constructed using the thick stone bricks of the Mirzapur.

Bijak Mandir at Kabir Chabutara:

This place was the workplace as well as the sadhanasthal of the Kabir das. This is the place where he had given the knowledge of Bhakti, Gyan, Karma and Manavta to his disciples. The place was named Kabir Chabutara. Bijak was the great work of the Kabir Das, that’s why the Kabir Chabutara was named as Bijak Mandir.

Kabir teri jhopadi, galkatto ke pas. Jo karega so bharega, tum kyon hot udas.

Kabir Das Contribution to the Country

Saint Kabir Das, a Bhakti and Sufi movement saint of the medieval India, is extensively for his Bhakti movement in the North India. His life cycle is centered in the region of Kashi (also known as the Banaras or Varanasi). He was heriditarically related to the weaving occupation and cast of Julaha. His immense contribution towards the Bhakti Movement in India is considered as a pioneered one along with the Farid, Ravidas and Namdev. He was a saint of combined mystical nature (Nath tradition, Sufism, bhakti) which made him of a distinctive religion of his own. He said that the path of sufferings is the real love and life.

In the fifteenth century, all the areas of life of people in the Varanasi were strongly held by the Brahmin orthodoxy as well as learning centers. To make free the people from, Kabir Das had to work hard to preach his idealogy as he belonged to the low caste, Julaha. He never felt difference among the people whether they are prostitutes, low caste or high caste. He preached to all by gathering self and his followers. He was ridiculed by the Brahmins for his preaching activities but he never criticizes them back and that’s why he was much liked by the common people. He started reforming the mind of common people towards the real truth through his couplets.

He always objected the ritualistic and ascetic methods as a means of salvation. He said that goodness’s ruby has more value than the mines of ruby. According to him, the one’s heart with goodness includes all the prosperity of whole world. A person with mercy has strength, forgiveness has real existence of him, and individual with righteousness can easily attained the never-ending life. He said that the God is in your heart and ever with you, so offer inward worship to him. He had opened the mind of common people by one of his example that, if the traveler is not able to walk; what can the road do for traveler.

He opened the deep eyes of the people and taught them genuine lessen of humanity, morality and spirituality . He was a follower and promoter of the ahimsa. He had turned the people mind of his period through his revolutionary preach. There is no real proof and clue about his birth and family, some say he was from a Muslim family; some say he was from high class Brahmin family . There was some disagreement among people related to the Muslim and Hindu about the funeral system after his death. His life history is legendary and still teaches the human beings a real humanity.

Religion of Kabir Das

According to the Kabir Das, real religion is a way of life the people live it and not made by the people own. According to him the work is worship and responsibility is like religion . He said that live your life, do responsibilities and do hard work to make your life eternal. Never go away from the responsibilities of the life like having Sanyasa . He appreciated and valued the family life which is the real meaning of life. It is also mentioned in the Vedas that living life by leaving home and responsibilities is not the real dharma. Living as a householder is also a great and real Sanyasa. Just like, Nirguna sadhus who live a family life, work hard for their daily routine bread as well as chant the name of God.

He has given the people an authentic fact about what is the religion of human beings the one should have. Such preaches of him has helped the common people to understand the mystery of life very easily.

Kabir Das: A Hindu or A Muslim

It is considered that after the death of Kabir Das , Hindus and Muslims had claimed for getting the dead body of Kabir Das . Both of them wanted to do the funeral of dead body of the Kabir Das according to their own customs and traditions. Hindus stated that they want to burn the body as he was a Hindu and Muslims said that they want to bury under the Mohammedan rites as he was a Muslim.

But, when they removed the sheet from the dead body they found only some flowers at that place. They distributed the flower between each other and completed the funeral according to their own traditions and customs. It is also considered that when they were fighting, the spirit of Kabir das came to them and said that, “I was neither a Hindu nor a Mohammedan. I was both. I was nothing. I was all. I discern God in both. There is no Hindu and no Mussalman. To him who is free from delusion, Hindu and Mussalman are the same. Remove the shroud and behold the miracle!”

A temple of Kabir Das is made at the Kabir Chaura in the Kashi which has now become the great pilgrimage place for the people all over India as well as outside India. And a mosque of him was built by the Muslims over the grave which has become the pilgrimage for Mohammedans.

God of Kabir Das

His Guru Ramanand has given him the name of Lord Rama as a guru-mantra which he had interpreted in his own way. He was devoted to the Nirguna Bhakti and not to the Saguna Bhakti like his Guru. His Rama was an absolute pure Satchitananda, not the son of Dasharatha or king of Ayodhya as he said “Dasaratha ke ghar na janmey, yee chal Maya keenha.” He was greatly influenced by the Buddhas and the Siddhas over Islamic tradition. According to him, “Nirguna Nama japahu rey Bhaiya, Avigati Ki gati Lakhi Na Jaiya.”

He never differentiate between the Allah and Rama, he always preached to the people that these are only different names of one God. He said that there should be a religion of love and brotherhood among people without any high or low class or caste. Devote and surrender yourself towards the God who has no religion or caste . He always believed in the Karma of life.

Death of Kabir Das

Kabir Das , a Sufi poet of 15th century, it is believed that he had chosen his own place of death, Magahar, which is located about 240 km away from Lucknow. He has chosen this place to die in order to remove the fairy tale (myth) from the people mind. Those days, it was considered that the one who takes his last breathes and die in the region of Magahar , would never get place in heaven as well as take birth of donkey in the next life.

Kabir Das died in Magahar instead of Kashi just because of breaking the myths and superstitions of people. According to Hindu calendar in Vikram Samvat 1575 , he left the world in the Maghar in the month of Januanry in the year 1518 at Magh Shukl Ekadashi. It is also believed that the one who die in Kashi, go to the heaven directly that’s why Hindu people go to the Kashi during their last time and wait for death in order to attain the salvation. Kabir Das died out of the Kashi to demolish the myth. His one of the famous saying related to this is “jo kabira Kashi mue to rame kaun nihora” means if there is a simple way to go to heaven just by dying in Kashi then what is the necessity of worshipping God.

The teachings of the Kabir Das are universal and equal to all as he never differentiate among Muslims, Sikhs, Hindus and others of different religions. There is a mazar and samadhi of the Kabir Das in the Magahar. After his death his followers of Hindu and Muslim religion fight for the funeral of his body. But when they remove out the sheet from the dead body they only found some flowers taking which they completed the funeral according to their own customs and traditions.

There is cave few meters away from the Samadhi indicates his meditation place before death. There is running trust named Kabir Shodh Sansthan which works as a research foundation in order to promote the research on Kabir Das works. There are running educational institutions as well which includes the teachings of Kabir Das.

Kabir Das: A Mystic Poet

A great mystic poet, Kabir Das, is one of the leading spiritual poets in Indian who has given his philosophical ideas to promote the lives of people. His philosophy of oneness in God and Karma as a real Dharma has changed the mind of people towards goodness. His love and devotion towards the God fulfill the concept of both Hindu Bhakti and Muslim Sufi.

It is considered that he was from the Hindu Brahmin family but espoused by the Muslim weavers without child, Niru and Nimma. He was founded by them into the pond of Lahartara (in Kashi) lying at a huge lotus leaf. At that time there was a lot of disagreement between orthodox Hindu and Muslim people which was the main focus of Kabir Das to resolve that issue by his dohas or couplets.

Professionally he never attended classes but he was very knowledgeable and mystic person. He wrote his couplets and dohas in the formal language which was greatly spoken at that time which includes the Braj, Avadhi and Bhojpuri as well. He wrote a lot of dohas, couplets and books of stories based on the social barriers.

Works of Kabir Das

The books written by the Kabir Das are generally the collections of dohas and songs. The total works are seventy two including some of the important and well known works are Rekhtas, Kabir Bijak, the Suknidhan, Mangal, Vasant, Sabdas, Sakhis and Holy Agams.

The writing style and language of the Kabir Das is very simple and beautiful. He had written his dohas very boldly and naturally which are full of meanings and significance. He wrote from the depth of his heart. He has compressed the sense of whole world in his simple dohas and couplet. His sayings are beyond compare and inspiring.

Kabir Das ke Dohe

Jab Mein Tha Tab Hari Nahin‚ Ab Hari Hai Mein Nahin, Sab Andhiyara Mit Gaya‚ Jab Deepak Dekhya Mahin

Bada hua to kya hua, jaise ped khajoor Panthi ko chhaya nahi, phal laage ati door

Bura jo dekhan mein chala, bura na milaya koye Jo man dekha aapna, mujhse bura na koye

Guru govind dohu khade, kake lagu paanye Balihari guru aapne govind diyo bataye

Sab dharti kagaj karu, lekhni sab banray Saat samunder ki masi karu, gurugun likha na jaaye

aisi vani boliye, man ka aapa khoye auran ko sheetal kare, aaphu sheetal hoye

Nindak nihare rakhiye, aangan kuti chhaway Bin pani bin sabun, nirmal kare subhav

Dukh mein sumiran sab kare, sukh mein kare na koye Jo sukh mein sumiran kare, to dukh kahe ko hoye

Maati kahe kumhar se, tu kya rondhe mohe Ek din aisa aayega, mein rondhugi tohe

Chalti chakki dekh kar, diya kabira roye Do paatan ke bich mein, sabut bacha na koye

Malin aavat dekh ke, kaliyan kare pukar Phoole phoole chun liye, kaal humari baar

Kaal kare so aaj kar, aaj kare so ab Pal mein pralaya hoyegi, bahuri karega kab

Pothi padh padh jag muya, pandit bhaya na koye Dhai akshar prem ka, padhe so pandit hoye

Sai itna deejiye, ja mein kutumb samaye mein bhi bhookha na rahu, sadhu na bhookha jaye

Loot sake to loot le, ram naam ki loot Paache pachhtayega, jab pran jayenge chhoot

Maya mari na man mara, mar mar gaye sarir Asha trishna na mari, keh gaye das kabir

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• Couplets of Kabir - Kabir ke Dohe with translations

On Kabir 

Top 10 dohas of kabir, maati kahe kumhaar se - sant kabir dohas, additional dohas from kabir, fun with kabir and software engineer.

Great compilation!! I have bookmarked it since there is a lot to read. Any pointers for modern day translation of Hari Awadhji or Swami Ram Tirth’s poems?

Very good compilation! Helped me find words of a doha I heard...

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Comparative Analysis of the Translations of the Songs of Kabir

Kabir Das is a mystic poet and a great saint of India. He was born in 1440 to a Muslim weaver family. His writings have influenced the Hindu Bhakti movement. Kabir Das was a spiritual person and an influential Sadhu. Kabir has written immensely and some of his works are Bijak, Kabir Granthawali, Anurag Sagar, Sakhi Granth. Some of his works are also found in Sikhism’s scripture Guru Granth Sahib. His views against Hindus and Muslim made him their greatest enemy but when he died he was claimed by both the Hindus and Muslims. His legacy is continued by his followers called the Kabir panth. The members are known as Kabir panthis. Kabir wrote in vernacular Hindi. The dialect like Avadhi and Braj were the most prominent. If one reads through the works of Kabir his mysticism, devotion to the supreme God and finding a balance within, are the major themes of his writings. This paper analyses both the outstanding translations of Kabir Das poetry; the translation by Rabindranath Tagore and Arvind Krishna Mehrotra.

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Translation Review (Vol 83, Issue 1, 2012)

Translation Review

RAJEEV KUMAR

Felix Rosén

The so called Bhakti movement spread, during the Late Medieval period, like wildfire across the South Asian subcontinent and acted like a catalyst for the development of nirguṇī-traditions. These newly emerging nirguṇī-traditions rallyd men and women alike, preaching for the abolation of the varṇa-system, for Muslim-Hindu unity, devotion to the one omipresent godhead, nirguṇa. Among these traditions, a man named Kabīr came and claimed the leading position, a position that history still, to this day, gives credit as being one of the most, if not the most, important figure amongst the of the North Indian bhakti preachers. Kabīr’s teachings came to be, after his passing, the foundation for the establishmentof the Kabīr Panth (Path of Kabīr) a by now well known tradition. However, at an early stage of formation, the Kabīr Panth began to separate into many branches, which all started to produce their own literature regarding several contrasting retellings of Kabīr’s life, his poems, and ...

Indian Social Reformer

ravi khangai

Medieval Bhakti tradition and literature had given a space to articulate the discrimination that was happening under the guise of religion. The priestly class denied the right of spiritual, social equality to downtrodden. But this hegemony had been always contested. The establishment of the Delhi sultanate had further reduced the Brahmin-Kshatriya domination, facilitating the voices of descent to surface more vigorously. Kabir personifies this voice. He is critical of the discrimination and superstitions in Hinduism and Islam both. It is believed that many of his poems that had come down to us are not composed by him but goes on his name, but instead of Kabir as a historical figure, the dissenting voice as reflected in his poetry is more important. He is not an individual, but an idea. This paper explores the protest against elitism in Kabir’s poetry. Key words- Advaita, Bhakti, Brahma, Nirguna, Saguna.

Kristian Niemi

In his own time, the nirguna poet-saint Kabir was a controversial figure. He spoke ill of Islam and Hinduism alike, yet, in the end, both groups claimed him as their own. In this essay, various imag ...

Sant 'Kabir' or 'Kabir Das' were common names for him. He resided in Varanasi, India, around the 15th century. Love and compassion for one another is the only way to God, Kabir taught his followers. Of the last several years, there has been a surge in interest in Kabir's teachings. When Kabir was alive, he had a unique perspective on the world. Social inequities, feudal rules and religious dogma were only some of the things he had to cope with. His couplets and sonnets have been utilised in North India for more than 500 years. They were written in simple khari boli, which made it easier for everyone to understand what they were saying about abstract concepts. Because he drew inspiration for his poems from ordinary events, his work continues to resonate with readers today. As a response, he encouraged people to search within and find peace via spiritualism. Humanism, he argued, should be the universal faith of all people. In his couplets, Kabir teaches a universal truth that may be applied to anybody, regardless of their religious or social background. In many ways, Saint Kabir has remained the same since his day. As long as religion, superstition and rituals are prevalent, Kabir is still relevant today. Even world leaders like Mahatma Gandhi shared Kabir's message of peace and equality. Kabir had a clear goal and strategy for achieving social equality. In order to better grasp today's worldwide syncretic challenge in light of Kabir's continued relevance, this study pulls together some of these concepts and conversations.

Ali S H E H Z A D Zaidi

Daud Kamal, the preeminent English language poet of Pakistan, left behind many unpublished poetry translations when he died in 1987. This essay discusses several translations from the Urdu, Persian, and Punjabi of Hafiz, Jami, Amir Khusro, Bulleh Shah, Sultan Bahu, and Mirza Ghalib, as well as translations of two folk poems that epitomize the Sufi traditions of Persia and the Indian subcontinent.

Aufgabe, Vol. 13, Litmus Press

Sonam Kachru

Journal of Research in Music

G.G.G.L. Abeysekara

Kabirdas is a poet who lived in medieval India. He visioned to spread social purity with philosophical thinking through the poems which are termed as Nirgun bhajans. Bhajan is simply known for chanting the qualities and the physical appearance of Hindu deity/deities. The bhajans or poems composed by Kabirdas are not consisting of the latter, but they are also put under the term 'bhajan' in terms of lyrics and their musical presentation. Traditionally, bhajans refer to devotional songs that depict the qualities and physical attributes of various deities. However, Kabirdas' bhajans deviate from this norm by focusing on different themes, while maintaining a certain essence of traditional bhajans. This study investigates how the melodies of Kabir bhajans effects in the absence of chanting the qualities and the physical appearance of a Hindu deity/deities in the lyrics. This study also aims to look at the broader significance of devotional music in promoting social and philosophical ideals in medieval

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कबीरदास - Kabirdas

कबीर या भगत कबीर 15वीं सदी के भारतीय रहस्यवादी कवि और संत थे। वे हिन्दी साहित्य के भक्तिकालीन युग में ज्ञानाश्रयी-निर्गुण शाखा की काव्यधारा के प्रवर्तक थे। इनकी रचनाओं ने हिन्दी प्रदेश के भक्ति आंदोलन को गहरे स्तर तक प्रभावित किया। उनका लेखन सिखों ☬ के आदि ग्रंथ में भी देखने को मिलता है।

वे हिन्दू धर्म व इस्लाम को न मानते हुए धर्म निरपेक्ष थे। उन्होंने सामाज में फैली कुरीतियों, कर्मकांड, अंधविश्वास की निंदा की और सामाजिक बुराइयों की कड़ी आलोचना की थी। उनके जीवनकाल के दौरान हिन्दू और मुसलमान दोनों ने उन्हें अपने विचार के लिए धमकी दी थी।

कबीर पंथ नामक धार्मिक सम्प्रदाय इनकी शिक्षाओं के अनुयायी हैं।

Books By कबीरदास - Kabirdas :

कबीर साहेब का साखी संग्रह [भाग १ तथा २] - Kabir Saheb Ka Saakhi Sangrah [Bhag 1 & 2]

व्यावहारिक वेदान्त - Vyavaharika Vedanta

बीजक - Beejak

कबीर दोहे - KABIR KE DOHE

कबीर साखी - संग्रह - KABIR SAHIB KA SAAKHI SANGRAH

कबीर साहेब की शब्दावली भाग - ४ - Kabir Saheb Ki Shabdavali Bhag - 4

बीजक - Bijak

संतबानी संग्रह भाग 2 - Santbani Sangrah Bhag 2

कबीर ग्रन्थावली - Kabir Granthavali

कबीर ग्रंथावली - Kabir Granthawali

कबीर स]साहेब का साखी संग्रह भाग 1 - Kabir Saheb Ka Sakhi Sangra Bhag I

कबीर साहेब की शब्दावली भाग 4 - Kabir Saheb Ki Sabdawli Bhag 4

हिंदी पद संग्रह - Hindi Pad Sangrah

कबीर ग्रंथावली - Kabir Granthavali

कबीर साहेब का बीजक - Kabir Saheb Ka Bijak

कबीर समग्र खण्ड 1 - Kabir Samgra Khand-1

कबीर साहब की शब्दावली भाग 2 - Kabir Saheb Ki Sabdawli Bhag Ii

बीजक मूल - Bijak Mool

कबीर साहिब की शब्दावली भाग 3 - Kabir Saheb Ki Sabdawli Bhag 3

कबीर साहेब के अनुराग सागर - Kabir Saheb Ka Anurag Sager

कबीर साहेब की शब्दावली भाग 4 - Kabir Sahab Ki Shbdawali Part4

कबीर सागर भाग १ - Kabir Sagar vol - I

कबीर ग्रंथावली (दोहा) - Kabir Granthavali (doha)

संत कबीर - Sant Kabir

कबीर साहेब की शब्दाबली - Kabir Saheb Ki Shabdavali Part 3

कबीर दास की जीवनी

भारत के महान संत और आध्यात्मिक कवि कबीर दास का जन्म वर्ष 1440 में और मृत्यु वर्ष 1518 में हुई थी। इस्लाम के अनुसार ‘कबीर’ का अर्थ महान होता है। कबीर पंथ एक विशाल धार्मिक समुदाय है जिन्होंने संत आसन संप्रदाय के उत्पन्न कर्ता के रुप में कबीर को बताया। कबीर पंथ के लोग को कबीर पंथी कहे जाते है जो पूरे उत्तर और मध्य भारत में फैले हुए है। संत कबीर के लिखे कुछ महान रचनाओं में बीजक, कबीर ग्रंथावली, अनुराग सागर, सखी ग्रंथ आदि है। ये स्पष्ट नहीं है कि उनके माता-पिता कौन थे लेकिन ऐसा सुना गया है कि उनकी परवरिश करने वाला कोई बेहद गरीब मुस्लिम बुनकर परिवार था। कबीर बेहद धार्मिक व्यक्ति थे और एक महान साधु बने। अपने प्रभावशाली परंपरा और संस्कृति से उन्हें विश्व प्रसिद्धि मिली।

ऐसा माना जाता है कि अपने बचपन में उन्होंने अपनी सारी धार्मिक शिक्षा रामानंद नामक गुरु से ली। और एक दिन वो गुरु रामानंद के अच्छे शिष्य के रुप में जाने गये। उनके महान कार्यों को पढ़ने के लिये अध्येता और विद्यार्थी कबीर दास के घर में ठहरते है।

इस बात का कोई साक्ष्य नहीं है कि उनके असली माता-पिता कौन थे लेकिन ऐसा माना जाता है कि उनका लालन-पालन एक गरीब मुस्लिम परिवार में हुआ था। उनको नीरु और नीमा (रखवाला) के द्वारा वाराणसी के एक छोटे नगर से पाया गया था। कबीर के माँ-बाप बेहद गरीब और अनपढ़ थे लेकिन उन्होंने कबीर को पूरे दिल से स्वीकार किया और खुद के व्यवसाय के बारे में शिक्षित किया। उन्होंने एक सामान्य गृहस्वामी और एक सूफी के संतुलित जीवन को जीया।

कबीर दास का अध्यापन

ये माना जाता है कि उन्होंने अपनी धार्मिक शिक्षा गुरु रामानंद से ली। शुरुआत में रामानंद कबीर दास को अपने शिष्य के रुप में लेने को तैयार नहीं थे। लेकिन बाद की एक घटना ने रामानंद को कबीर को शिष्य बनाने में अहम भूमिका निभायी। एक बार की बात है, संत कबीर तालाब की सीढ़ियों पर लेटे हुए थे और रामा-रामा का मंत्र पढ़ रहे थे, रामानंद भोर में नहाने जा रहे थे और कबीर उनके पैरों के नीचे आ गये इससे रामानंद को अपनी गलती का एहसास हुआ और वे कबीर को अपने शिष्य के रुप में स्वीकार करने को मजबूर हो गये। ऐसा माना जाता है कि कबीर जी का परिवार आज भी वाराणसी के कबीर चौरा में निवास करता है।

वाराणसी में संत कबीर मठ की फोटो है जहाँ संत लोग कबीर के दोहे गाने में व्यस्त है। लोगों को जीवन की सच्ची शिक्षा देने के लिये ये एक अच्छी जगह है।

कबीर मठ वाराणसी के कबीर चौरा में स्थित है और लहरतारा, वाराणसी के पीछे के मार्ग में। नीरुटीला उनके माता-पिता नीरु और नीमा का घर था। अब ये घर विद्यार्थीयों और अध्येताओं के ठहरने की जगह बन चुकी है जो कबीर की रचनाओं को पढ़ते है।

दर्शनशास्त्र

हिन्दू धर्म, इस्लाम के बिना छवि वाले भगवान के साथ व्यक्तिगत भक्तिभाव के साथ ही तंत्रवाद जैसे उस समय के प्रचलित धार्मिक स्वाभाव के द्वारा कबीर दास के लिये पूर्वाग्रह था, कबीर दास पहले भारतीय संत थे जिन्होंने हिन्दू और इस्लाम धर्म को सार्वभौमिक रास्ता दिखा कर समन्वित किया जिसे दोनों धर्म के द्वारा माना गया। कबीर के अनुसार हर जीवन का दो धार्मिक सिद्धातों से रिश्ता होता है (जीवात्मा और परमात्मा)। मोक्ष के बारे में उनका विचार था कि ये इन दो दैवीय सिद्धांतों को एक करने की प्रक्रिया है।

उनकी महान रचना बीजक में कविताओं की भरमार है जो कबीर के धार्मिकता पर सामान्य विचार को स्पष्ट करता है। कबीर की हिन्दी उनके दर्शन की तरह ही सरल और प्राकृत थी। वो ईश्वर में एकात्मकता का अनुसरण करते थे। वो हिन्दू धर्म में मूर्ति पूजा के घोर विरोधी थे और भक्ति तथा सूफ़ी विचारों में पूरा भरोसा दिखाते थे।

कबीर की कविताएँ

सच्चे गुरु की प्रशंसा से गुंजायमान लघु और सहज तरीकों से कविताओं को उन्होंने बनाया था। अनपढ़ होने के बावजूद भी उन्होंने अवधि, ब्रज, और भोजपुरी के साथ हिन्दी में अपनी कविता लिखी थी। वे कुछ लोगों द्वारा अपमानित किये गये लेकिन उन्होंने कभी बुरा नहीं माना।

कबीर के द्वारा रचित सभी कविताएँ और गीत कई सारी भाषाओं में मौजूद है। कबीर और उनके अनुयायियों को उनके काव्यगत धार्मिक भजनों के अनुसार नाम दिया जाता है जैसे बनिस और बोली। विविध रुप में उनके कविताओं को साखी, श्लोक (शब्द) और दोहे (रमेनी) कहा जाता है। साखी का अर्थ है परम सत्य को दोहराते और याद करते रहना। इन अभिव्यक्तियों का स्मरण, कार्य करना और विचारमग्न के द्वारा आध्यात्मिक जागृति का एक रास्ता उनके अनुयायियों और कबीर के लिये बना हुआ है।

कबीर दास का जीवन इतिहास

सिद्धपीठ कबीरचौरा मठ मुलगड़ी और उसकी परंपरा

कबीरचौरा मठ मुलगड़ी संत-शिरोमणि कबीर दास का घर, ऐतिहासिक कार्यस्थल और ध्यान लगाने की जगह है। वे अपने प्रकार के एकमात्र संत है जो “सब संतन सरताज” के रुप में जाने जाते है। ऐसा माना जाता है कि जिस तरह संत कबीर के बिना सभी संतों का कोई मूल्य नहीं उसी तरह कबीरचौरा मठ मुलगड़ी के बिना मानवता का इतिहास मूल्यहीन है। कबीरचौरा मठ मुलगड़ी का अपना समृद्ध परंपरा और प्रभावशाली इतिहास है। ये कबीर के साथ ही सभी संतों के लिये साहसिक विद्यापीठ है । मध्यकालीन भारत के भारतीय संतों ने इसी जगह से अपनी धार्मिक शिक्षा प्राप्त की थी। मानव परंपरा के इतिहास में ये साबित हुआ है कि गहरे चिंतन के लिये हिमालय पर जाना जरुरी नहीं है बल्कि इसे समाज में रहते हुए भी किया जा सकता है। कबीर दास खुद इस बात के आदर्श संकेतक थे। वो भक्ति के सच्चे प्रचारक थे साथ ही उन्होंने आमजन की तरह साधारण जीवन लोगों के साथ जीया। पत्थर को पूजने के बजाय उन्होंने लोगों को स्वतंत्र भक्ति का रास्ता दिखाया। इतिहास गवाह है कि यहाँ की परंपरा ने सभी संतों को सम्मान और पहचान दी।

कबीर और दूसरे संतों के द्वारा उनकी परंपरा के इस्तेमाल किये गये वस्तुओं को आज भी कबीर मठ में सुरक्षित तरीके से रखा गया है। सिलाई मशीन, खड़ाऊ, रुद्राक्ष की माला (रामानंद से मिली हुयी), जंग रहित त्रिशूल और इस्तेमाल की गयी दूसरी सभी चीजें इस समय भी कबीर मठ में उपलब्ध है।

ऐतिहासिक कुआँ

कबीर मठ में एक ऐतिहासिक कुआँ है, जिसके पानी को उनकी साधना के अमृत रस के साथ मिला हुआ माना जाता है। दक्षिण भारत से महान पंडित सर्वानंद के द्वारा पहली बार ये अनुमान लगाया गया था। वो यहाँ कबीर से बहस करने आये थे और प्यासे हो गये। उन्होंने पानी पिया और कमाली से कबीर का पता पूछा। कमाली नें कबीर के दोहे के रुप में उनका पता बताया।

“कबीर का शिखर पर, सिलहिली गाल

पाँव ना टिकाई पीपील का, पंडित लड़े बाल”

वे कबीर से बहस करने गये थे लेकिन उन्होंने बहस करना स्वीकार नहीं किया और सर्वानंद को लिखित देकर अपनी हार स्वीकार की। सर्वानंद वापस अपने घर आये और हार की उस स्वीकारोक्ति को अपने माँ को दिखाया और अचानक उन्होंने देखा कि उनका लिखा हुआ उल्टा हो चुका था। वो इस सच्चाई से बेहद प्रभावित हुए और वापस से काशी के कबीर मठ आये बाद में कबीर दास के अनुयायी बने। वे कबीर से इस स्तर तक प्रभावित थे कि अपने पूरे जीवन भर उन्होंने कभी कोई किताब नहीं छुयी। बाद में, सर्वानंद आचार्य सुरतीगोपाल साहब की तरह प्रसिद्ध हुए। कबीर के बाद वे कबीर मठ के प्रमुख बने।

कैसे पहुँचे:

सिद्धपीठ कबीरचौरा मठ मुलगड़ी वाराणसी के रुप में जाना जाने वाला भारत के प्रसिद्ध सांस्कृतिक शहर में स्थित है। कोई भी यहाँ हवाईमार्ग, रेलमार्ग या सड़कमार्ग से पहुँच सकता है। ये वाराणसी हवाई अड्डे से 18 किमी और वाराणसी रेलवे स्टेशन से 3 किमी की दूरी पर स्थित है।

काशी नरेश यहाँ क्षमा माँगने आये थे:

एक बार की बात है, काशी नरेश राजा वीरदेव सिंह जुदेव अपना राज्य छोड़ने के दौरान माफी माँगने के लिये अपनी पत्नी के साथ कबीर मठ आये थे। कहानी ऐसे है कि: एक बार काशी नरेश ने कबीर दास की ढ़ेरों प्रशंसा सुनकर सभी संतों को अपने राज्य में आमंत्रित किया, कबीर दास राजा के यहाँ अपनी एक छोटी सी पानी के बोतल के साथ पहुँचे। उन्होंने उस छोटे बोतल का सारा पानी उनके पैरों पर डाल दिया, कम मात्रा का पानी देर तक जमीन पर बहना शुरु हो गया। पूरा राज्य पानी से भर उठा, इसलिये कबीर से इसके बारे में पूछा गया उन्होंने कहा कि एक भक्त जो जगन्नाथपुरी में खाना बना रहा था उसकी झोपड़ी में आग लग गयी।

जो पानी मैंने गिराया वो उसके झोपड़ी को आग से बचाने के लिये था। आग बहुत भयानक थी इसलिये छोटे बोतल से और पानी की जरुरत हो गयी थी। लेकिन राजा और उनके अनुयायी इस बात को स्वीकार नहीं किया और वे सच्चा गवाह चाहते थे। उनका विचार था कि आग लगी उड़ीसा में और पानी डाला जा रहा है काशी में। राजा ने अपने एक अनुगामी को इसकी छानबीन के लिये भेजा। अनुयायी आया और बताया कि कबीर ने जो कहा था वो बिल्कुल सत्य था। इस बात के लिये राजा बहुत शर्मिंदा हुए और तय किया कि वो माफी माँगने के लिये अपनी पत्नी के साथ कबीर मठ जाएँगे। अगर वो माफी नहीं देते है तो वो वहाँ आत्महत्या कर लेंगे। उन्हें वहाँ माफी मिली और उस समय से राजा कबीर मठ से हमेशा के लिये जुड़ गये।

समाधि मंदिर:

समाधि मंदिर वहाँ बना है जहाँ कबीर दास अक्सर अपनी साधना किया करते थे। सभी संतों के लिये यहाँ समाधि से साधना तक की यात्रा पूरी हो चुकी है। उस दिन से, ये वो जगह है जहाँ संत अत्यधिक ऊर्जा के बहाव को महसूस करते है। ये एक विश्व प्रसिद्ध शांति और ऊर्जा की जगह है। ऐसा माना जाता है कि उनकी मृत्यु के बाद लोग उनके शरीर के अंतिम संस्कार को लेकर झगड़ने लगे। लेकिन जब समाधि कमरे के दरवाजे को खोला गया, तो वहाँ केवल दो फूल थे जो अंतिम संस्कार के लिये उनके हिन्दू और मुस्लिम अनुयायियों के बीच बाँट दिया गया। मिर्ज़ापुर के मोटे पत्थर से समाधि मंदिर का निर्माण किया गया है।

कबीर चबूतरा पर बीजक मंदिर:

ये जगह कबीर दास का कार्यस्थल होने के साथ साधना स्थल भी था। ये वो जगह है जहाँ कबीर ने अपने अनुयायियों को भक्ति, ज्ञान, कर्म और मानवता की शिक्षा दी। इस जगह का नाम रखा गया कबीर चबूतरा। बीजक कबीर दास की महान रचना थी इसी वजह से कबीर चबूतरा का नाम बीजक मंदिर रखा गया।

कबीर तेरी झोपड़ी, गलकट्टो के पास।

जो करेगा वो भरेगा, तुम क्यों होत उदास।

देश के लिये कबीर दास का योगदान

उत्तर भारत में अपने भक्ति आंदोलन के लिये बड़े पैमाने पर मध्यकालीन भारत के एक भक्ति और सूफी संत थे कबीर दास। इनका जीवन चक्र काशी (इसको बनारस या वाराणसी के नाम से भी जाना जाता है) के केन्द्र में था। वो माता-पिता की वजह से बुनकर व्यवसाय से जुड़े थे और जाति से जुलाहा थे। इनके भक्ति आंदोलन के लिये दिये गये विशाल योगदान को भारत में नामदेव, रविदास, और फरीद के साथ पथप्रदर्शक के रुप में माना जाता है। वे मिश्रित आध्यात्मिक स्वाभाव के संत थे (नाथ परंपरा, सूफिज्म, भक्ति) जो खुद से उन्हंट विशिष्ट बनाता है। उन्होंने कहा है कि कठिनाई की डगर सच्चा जीवन और प्यार है।

15वीं शताब्दी में, वाराणसी में लोगों के जीवन के सभी क्षेत्रों में शिक्षण केन्द्रों के साथ ही ब्राह्मण धर्मनिष्ठता के द्वारा मजबूती से संघटित हुआ था। जैसा कि वे एक निम्न जाति जुलाहा से संबंध रखते थे कबीर दास अपने विचारों को प्रचारित करने में कड़ी मेहनत करते थे। वे कभी भी लोगों में भेदभाव नहीं करते थे चाहे वो वैश्या, निम्न या उच्च जाति से संबंध रखता हो। वे खुद के अनुयायियों के साथ सभी को एक साथ उपदेश दिया करते थे। ब्राह्मणों द्वारा उनका अपने उपदेशों के लिये उपहास उड़ाया जाता था लेकिन वे कभी उनकी बुराई नहीं करते थे इसी वजह से कबीर सामान्य जन द्वारा बहुत पसंद किये जाते थे। वे अपने दोहो के द्वारा जीवन की असली सच्चाई की ओर आम-जन के दिमाग को ले जाने की शुरुआत कर चुके थे।

वे हमेशा मोक्ष के साधन के रुप में कर्मकाण्ड और सन्यासी तरीकों का विरोध करते थे। उन्होंने कहा कि अपनों के लाल रंग से ज्यादा महत्व है अच्छाई के लाल रंग का। उनके अनुसार, अच्छाई का एक दिल पूरी दुनिया की समृद्धि को समाहित करता है। एक व्यक्ति दया के साथ मजबूत होता है, क्षमा उसका वास्तविक अस्तित्व है तथा सही के साथ कोई व्यक्ति कभी न समाप्त होने वाले जीवन को प्राप्त करता है। कबीर ने कहा कि भगवान आपके दिल में है और हमेशा साथ रहेगा। तो उनकी भीतरी पूजा कीजिये। उन्होंने अपने एक उदाहरण से लोगों का दिमाग परिवर्तित कर दिया कि अगर यात्रा करने वाला चलने के काबिल नहीं है, तो यात्री के लिये रास्ता क्या करेगा।

उन्होंने लोगों की आँखों को खोला और उन्हें मानवता, नैतिकता और धार्मिकता का वास्तविक पाठ पढ़ाया। वे अहिंसा के अनुयायी और प्रचारक थे। उन्होंने अपने समय के लोगों के दिमाग को अपने क्रांतिकारी भाषणों से बदल दिया। कबीर के पैदा होने और वास्तविक परिवार का कोई पुख्ता प्रमाण मौजूद नहीं है। कुछ कहते है कि वो मुस्लिम परिवार में जन्मे थे तो कोई कहता है कि वो उच्च वर्ग के ब्राह्मण परिवार से थे। उनके निधन के बाद हिन्दू और मुस्लिमों में उनके अंतिम संस्कार को लेकर विवाद हो गया था। उनका जीवन इतिहास प्रसिद्ध है और अभी तक लोगों को सच्ची इंसानियत का पाठ पढ़ाता है।

कबीर दास का धर्म

कबीर दास के अनुसार, जीवन जीने का तरीका ही असली धर्म है जिसे लोग जीते है ना कि वे जो लोग खुद बनाते है। उनके अनुसार कर्म ही पूजा है और जिम्मेदारी ही धर्म है। वे कहते थे कि अपना जीवन जीयो, जिम्मेदारी निभाओ और अपने जीवन को शाश्वत बनाने के लिये कड़ी मेहनत करो। कभी भी जीवन में सन्यासियों की तरह अपनी जिम्मेदारियों से दूर मत जाओ। उन्होंने पारिवारिक जीवन को सराहा है और महत्व दिया है जो कि जीवन का असली अर्थ है। वेदों में यह भी उल्लिखित है कि घर छोड़ कर जीवन को जीना असली धर्म नहीं है। गृहस्थ के रुप में जीना भी एक महान और वास्तविक सन्यास है। जैसे, निर्गुण साधु जो एक पारिवारिक जीवन जीते है, अपनी रोजी-रोटी के लिये कड़ी मेहनत करते है और साथ ही भगवान का भजन भी करते है।

कबीर ने लोगों को विशुद्ध तथ्य दिया कि इंसानियत का क्या धर्म है जो कि किसी को अपनाना चाहिये। उनके इस तरह के उपदेशों ने लोगों को उनके जीवन के रहस्य को समझने में मदद किया।

कबीर दास: एक हिन्दू या मुस्लिम

ऐसा माना जाता है कि कबीर दास के मृत्यु के बाद हिन्दू और मुस्लिमों ने उनके शरीर को पाने के लिये अपना-अपना दावा पेश किया। दोनों धर्मों के लोग अपने रीति-रिवाज़ और परंपरा के अनुसार कबीर का अंतिम संस्कार करना चाहते थे। हिन्दुओं ने कहा कि वो हिन्दू थे इसलिये वे उनके शरीर को जलाना चाहते है जबकि मुस्लिमों ने कहा कि कबीर मुस्लिम थे इसलिये वो उनको दफनाना चाहते है।

लेकिन जब उन लोगों ने कबीर के शरीर पर से चादर हटायी तो उन्होंने पाया कि कुछ फूल वहाँ पर पड़े है। उन्होंने फूलों को आपस में बाँट लिया और अपने-अपने रीति-रिवाजों से महान कबीर का अंतिम संस्कार संपन्न किया। ऐसा भी माना जाता है कि जब दोनों समुदाय आपस में लड़ रहे थे तो कबीर दास की आत्मा आयी और कहा कि “ना ही मैं हिन्दू हूँ और ना ही मैं मुसलमान हूँ। यहाँ कोई हिन्दू या मुसलमान नहीं है। मैं दोनों हूँ, मैं कुछ नहीं हूँ, और सब हूँ। मैं दोनों मे भगवान देखता हूँ। उनके लिये हिन्दू और मुसलमान एक है जो इसके गलत अर्थ से मुक्त है। परदे को हटाओ और जादू देखो”।

कबीर दास का मंदिर काशी के कबीर चौराहा पर बना है जो भारत के साथ ही विदेशी सैलानियों के लिये भी एक बड़े तीर्थस्थान के रुप में प्रसिद्ध हो गया है। मुस्लिमों द्वारा उनके कब्र पर एक मस्जिद बनायी गयी है जो मुस्लिमों के तीर्थस्थान के रुप में बन चुकी है।

कबीर दास के भगवान

कबीर के गुरु रामानंद ने उन्हें गुरु मंत्र के रुप में भगवान ‘रामा’ नाम दिया था जिसका उन्होंने अपने तरीके से अर्थ निकाला था। वे अपने गुरु की तरह सगुण भक्ति के बजाय निर्गुण भक्ति को समर्पित थे। उनके रामा संपूर्ण शुद्ध सच्चदानंद थे, दशरथ के पुत्र या अयोध्या के राजा नहीं जैसा कि उन्होंने कहा “दशरथ के घर ना जन्में, ई चल माया किनहा”। वो इस्लामिक परंपरा से ज्यादा बुद्धा और सिद्धा से बेहद प्रभावित थे। उनके अनुसार “निर्गुण नाम जपो रहे भैया, अविगति की गति लाखी ना जैया”।

उन्होंने कभी भी अल्लाह या राम में फर्क नहीं किया, कबीर हमेशा लोगों को उपदेश देते कि ईश्वर एक है बस नाम अलग है। वे कहते है कि बिना किसी निम्न और उच्च जाति या वर्ग के लोगों के बीच में प्यार और भाईचारे का धर्म होना चाहिये। ऐसे भगवान के पास अपने आपको समर्पित और सौंप दो जिसका कोई धर्म नहीं हो। वो हमेशा जीवन में कर्म पर भरोसा करते थे।

कबीर दास की मृत्यु

15 शताब्दी के सूफी कवि कबीर दास के बारे में ऐसा माना जाता है कि उन्होंने अपने मरने की जगह खुद से चुनी थी, मगहर , जो लखनउ शहर से 240 किमी दूरी पर स्थित है। लोगों के दिमाग से मिथक को हटाने के लिये उन्होंने ये जगह चुनी थी उन दिनों, ऐसा माना जाता था कि जिसकी भी मृत्यु मगहर में होगी वो अगले जन्म में बंदर बनेगा और साथ ही उसे स्वर्ग में जगह नहीं मिलेगी। कबीर दास की मृत्यु काशी के बजाय मगहर में केवल इस वजह से हुयी थी क्योंकि वो वहाँ जाकर लोगों के अंधविश्वास और मिथक को तोड़ना चाहते थे। 1575 विक्रम संवत में हिन्दू कैलेंडर के अनुसार माघ शुक्ल एकादशी के वर्ष 1518 में जनवरी के महीने में मगहर में उन्होंने दुनिया को अलविदा कहा। ऐसा भी माना जाता है कि जो कोई भी काशी में मरता है वो सीधे स्वर्ग में जाता है इसी वजह से मोक्ष की प्राप्ति के लिये हिन्दू लोग अपने अंतिम समय में काशी जाते है। एक मिथक को मिटाने के लिये कबीर दास की मृत्यु काशी के बाहर हुयी। इससे जुड़ा उनका एक खास कथन है कि “जो कबीरा काशी मुएतो रामे कौन निहोरा” अर्थात अगर स्वर्ग का रास्ता इतना आसान होता तो पूजा करने की जरुरत क्या है।

कबीर दास का शिक्षण व्यापक है और सभी के लिये एक समान है क्योंकि वो हिन्दू, मुस्लिम, सिक्ख और दूसरे किसी धर्मों में भेदभाव नहीं करते थे। मगहर में कबीर दास की समाधि और मज़ार दोनों है। कबीर की मृत्यु के बाद हिन्दू और मुस्लिम धर्म के लोग उनके अंतिम संस्कार के लिये आपस में भिड़ गये थे। लेकिन उनके मृत शरीर से जब चादर हटायी गयी तो वहाँ पर कुछ फूल पड़े थे जिसे दोनों समुदायों के लोगों ने आपस में बाँट लिया और फिर अपने अपने धर्म के अनुसार कबीर जी का अंतिम संस्कार किया।

समाधि से कुछ मीटर दूरी पर एक गुफा है जो मृत्यु से पहले उनके ध्यान लगाने की जगह को इंगित करती है। उनके नाम से एक ट्रस्ट चल रहा है जिसका नाम है कबीर शोध संस्थान जो कबीर दास के कार्यों पर शोध को प्रचारित करने के लिये शोध संस्थान के रुप में है। वहाँ पर शिक्षण संस्थान भी है जो कबीर दास के शिक्षण को भी समाहित किया हुआ है।

कबीर दास: एक सूफी संत

भारत में मुख्य आध्यात्मिक कवियों में से एक कबीर दास महान सूफी संत थे जो लोगों के जीवन को प्रचारित करने के लिये अपने दार्शनिक विचार दिये। उनका दर्शन कि ईश्वर एक है और कर्म ही असली धर्म है ने लोगों के दिमाग पर गहरी छाप छोड़ी। उनका भगवान की ओर प्यार और भक्ति ने हिन्दू भक्ति और मुस्लिम सूफी के विचार को पूरा किया।

ऐसा माना जाता है कि उनका संबंध हिन्दू ब्राह्मण परिवार से था लेकिन वे बिन बच्चों के मुस्लिम परिवार नीरु और नीमा द्वारा अपनाये गये थे । उन्हें उनके माता-पिता द्वारा काशी के लहरतारा में एक तालाब में बड़े से कमल के पत्ते पर पाया गया था। उस समय दकियानूसी हिन्दू और मुस्लिम लोगों के बीच में बहुत सारी असहमति थी जो कि अपने दोहों के द्वारा उन मुद्दों को सुलझाना कबीर दास का मुख्य केन्द्र बिन्दु था

पेशेवर ढ़ग से वो कभी कक्षा में नहीं बैठे लेकिन वो बहुत ज्ञानी और अध्यात्मिक व्यक्ति थे। कबीर ने अपने दोहे औपचारिक भाषा में लिखे जो उस समय अच्छी तरह से बोली जाती थी जिसमें ब्रज, अवधि और भोजपुरी समाहित थी। उन्होंने बहुत सारे दोहे तथा सामाजिक बंधंनों पर आधारित कहानियों की किताबें लिखी।

कबीर दास की रचनाएँ

कबीर के द्वारा लिखी गयी पुस्तकें सामान्यत: दोहा और गीतों का समूह होता था। संख्या में उनका कुल कार्य 72 था और जिसमें से कुछ महत्पूर्ण और प्रसिद्ध कार्य है जैसे रक्त, कबीर बीजक, सुखनिधन, मंगल, वसंत, शब्द, साखी, और होली अगम।

कबीर की लेखन शैली और भाषा बहुत सुंदर और साधारण होती है। उन्होंने अपना दोहा बेहद निडरतापूर्वक और सहज रुप से लिखा है जिसका कि अपना अर्थ और महत्व है। कबीर ने दिल की गहराईयों से अपनी रचनाओं को लिखा है। उन्होंने पूरी दुनिया को अपने सरल दोहों में समेटा है। उनका कहा गया किसी भी तुलना से ऊपर और प्रेरणादायक है।

कबीर दास की जन्मस्थली

वाराणसी के लहरतारा में संत कबीर मठ में एक तालाब है जहाँ नीरु और नीमा नामक एक जोड़े ने कबीर को पाया था।

ये शांति और सच्ची शिक्षण की महान इमारत है जहाँ पूरी दुनिया के संत वास्तविक शिक्षा की खातिर आते है।

कबीर दास के दोहे

“जब मैं था तब हरी नहीं, अब हरी है मैं नहीं

सब अंधियाँरा मिट गया, जब दीपक देखया महीन”

“बड़ा हुआ तो क्या हुआ जैसे पेड़ खजूर

पंथी को छाया नहीं फल लागे अति दूर”

“बुरा जो देखन मैं चला, बुरा ना मिला कोय

जो मन देखा आपना, मुझसे बुरा ना कोय”

“गुरु गोविन्द दोहू खड़े, कागे लागू पाँय

बलीहारी गुरु आपने, गोविन्द दियो बताय”

“सब धरती कागज कारु, लेखनी सब वनराय

सात समुन्द्र की मासी कारु, गुरुगुन लिखा ना जाय”

“ऐसी वानी बोलिये, मन का आपा खोय

औरन को शीतल करुँ, खुद भी शीतल होय”

“निंदक नियरे राखिये, आँगन कुटी छवाय

बिन पानी बिन साबुन, निर्मल करे सुबव”

“दुख में सिमरन सब करे, सुख में करे ना कोय

जो सुख में सुमिरन करे तो दुख काहे को होय”

“माटी कहे कुम्हार से, तु क्या रौंधे मोहे

एक दिन ऐसा आयेगा, मैं रौंधुगी तोहे”

“चलती चक्की देखकर, दिया कबीरा रोय

दो पातन के बीच में, साबुत बचा ना कोय”

“मलिन आवत देख के, कलियाँ करे पुकार

फूले फूले चुन लिये, काल हमारी बार”

“काल करे सो आज कर, आज करे सो अब

पल में परलय होयेगी बहुरी करेगा कब”

“पोथी पढ़-पढ़ जग मुआ, पंडित भया ना कोय

ढ़ाई अक्षर प्रेम के, पढ़े सो पंडित होय”

“साईं इतना दीजीये, जा में कुटुम्ब समाय

मैं भी भूखा ना रहूँ, साधू ना भूखा जाय”

“लूट सके लूट ले, राम नाम की लूट

पाछे पछताएगा, जब प्रान जाएँगे छुट”

“माया मरी ना मन मरा, मर मर गये शरीर

आशा तृष्णा ना मरी, कह गये दास कबीर”

संबंधित पोस्ट

संत रविदास की जीवनी – biography of sant ravidas in hindi, लाल बहादुर शास्त्री, बाल गंगाधर तिलक, शिवराम हरी राजगुरु, राम प्रसाद बिस्मिल.

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Kabir-granthawali

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Book Source: Digital Library of India Item 2015.446885

dc.contributor.author: Shyamsundar Das dc.date.accessioned: 2015-09-18T13:21:46Z dc.date.available: 2015-09-18T13:21:46Z dc.date.citation: 1874 dc.identifier.barcode: 05990010125764 dc.identifier.origpath: /rawdataupload1/upload/0125/540 dc.identifier.copyno: 1 dc.identifier.uri: http://www.new.dli.ernet.in/handle/2015/446885 dc.description.scanningcentre: IIIT, Allahabad dc.description.main: 1 dc.description.tagged: 0 dc.description.totalpages: 337 dc.format.mimetype: application/pdf dc.language.iso: Hindi dc.publisher: Belvediyar Press Prayag dc.rights: In Public Domain dc.source.library: Hindustani Acadamy, Allahabad dc.subject.classification: Literature dc.subject.classification: Indian Press Ltd Prayag dc.title: Kabir-granthawali dc.type: Book

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