Genetic Engineering
I Bought a Glowing Plant. It Led Me Down a Rabbit Hole
A bioluminescent petunia led me to a world of radiant mushrooms, 19th-century experiments and a modern rivalry between scientists in Russia and the Americas
Rachel Ehrenberg, Knowable Magazine
Meet ReTro, the First Cloned Rhesus Monkey to Reach Adulthood
A method that provides cloned embryos with a healthy placenta has led to the first cloned rhesus monkey that has survived to adulthood and could pave the way for more research involving the primates
Miryam Naddaf, Nature magazine
Why Does This Hybrid Monkey Glow Green?
Researchers created a monkey that combines cells from two different individuals; a lab technique gave it a strange green glow
Meghan Bartels
‘Virgin Birth’ Engineered into Female Animals for First Time
Scientists altered the genomes of female fruit flies, allowing them to reproduce without any contribution from a male
Anil Oza, Nature magazine
First U.K. Children Are Born Using DNA from Three ‘Parents’
The U.K.’s fertility regulator reveals that at least one child has been born using mitochondrial replacement therapy, but the procedure’s effectiveness remains to be seen
Ewen Callaway, Nature magazine
Tweaking Vegetables’ Genes Could Make Them Tastier—And You’ll Get to Try Them Soon
Flavor is a tricky target, but technology and powerful genetic techniques are making it more feasible to improve the taste of vegetables
Synthetic Morphology Lets Scientists Create New Life-Forms
The emerging field of synthetic morphology bends boundaries between natural and artificial life
Philip Ball
In First, Scientists Use CRISPR for Personalized Cancer Treatment
The “most complicated therapy ever” tailors bespoke, genome-edited immune cells to attack tumors
Heidi Ledford, Nature magazine
Mouse Embryos Grown without Eggs or Sperm
Two research teams grew synthetic embryos using stem cells for long enough to see some organs develop
Cassandra Willyard, Nature magazine
De-extinction Company Aims to Resurrect the Tasmanian Tiger
The scientists who want to bring back mammoths now hope to revive the marsupial carnivore thylacine
How Designer DNA Is Changing Medicine
A genomic revolution is poised to cure sickle cell and other genetic diseases
Carolyn Barber
A New Era of Designer Babies May Be Based on Overhyped Science
Genetic testing with IVF is being marketed as a means to choose a healthy embryo, despite questions about the soundness of the technology
Laura Hercher
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Genetic engineering
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Search algorithm reveals nearly 200 new kinds of CRISPR systems
By analyzing bacterial data, researchers have discovered thousands of rare new CRISPR systems that have a range of functions and could enable gene editing, diagnostics, and more.
November 23, 2023
Read full story →
Smart pill can track key biological markers in real-time
Coupling engineered bacteria with low-power electronics could be highly effective in diagnosis, treatment of bowel diseases.
September 8, 2023
Researchers uncover a new CRISPR-like system in animals that can edit the human genome
The first RNA-guided DNA-cutting enzyme found in eukaryotes, Fanzor could one day be harnessed to edit DNA more precisely than CRISPR/Cas systems.
June 28, 2023
Inaugural J-WAFS Grand Challenge aims to develop enhanced crop variants and move them from lab to land
Matt Shoulders will lead an interdisciplinary team to improve RuBisCO — the photosynthesis enzyme thought to be the holy grail for improving agricultural yield.
May 10, 2023
3 Questions: Cullen Buie on a new era for cell therapies
The associate professor of MechE reflects on how his company, Kytopen, has grown and shifted focus in developing safer immunotherapies.
February 3, 2023
New leadership at MIT’s Center for Biomedical Innovation
Stacy Springs named executive director; Richard Braatz is associate faculty director.
August 24, 2022
New CRISPR-based map ties every human gene to its function
Jonathan Weissman and collaborators used their single-cell sequencing tool Perturb-seq on every expressed gene in the human genome, linking each to its job in the cell.
June 9, 2022
Convenience-sized RNA editing
MIT neuroscientists expand CRISPR toolkit with new, compact Cas7-11 enzyme.
May 31, 2022
RNA-targeting enzyme expands the CRISPR toolkit
Exploring diversity among bacterial immune systems, McGovern Institute scientists uncovere a programmable system for precisely targeting and modifying RNA.
September 20, 2021
New programmable gene editing proteins found outside of CRISPR systems
Researchers find RNA-guided enzymes are more diverse and widespread than previously believed.
September 15, 2021
A new technique for correcting disease-causing mutations
Novel method, developed by McGovern Institute researchers, may lead to safer, more efficient gene therapies.
June 9, 2021
An on-off switch for gene editing
New, reversible CRISPR method can control gene expression while leaving underlying DNA sequence unchanged.
April 14, 2021
New molecular therapeutics center established at MIT's McGovern Institute
Collaborative research center funded by Lisa Yang and Hock Tan ’75 blends engineering and neuroscience to advance molecular tools for treating brain disorders.
September 15, 2020
Making real a biotechnology dream: nitrogen-fixing cereal crops
Voigt Lab's work could eventually replace cereal crops’ need for nitrogen from chemical fertilizers.
January 10, 2020
Biotech startup uses nanoparticles to induce immune tolerance
Selecta Bioscience’s ImmTOR platform could improve gene therapies and prevent some drug side effects.
May 23, 2019
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Articles on Genetic engineering
Displaying 1 - 20 of 40 articles.
Synthetic human embryos let researchers study early development while sidestepping ethical and logistical hurdles
Min Yang , University of Washington
New research into genetic mutations may pave the way for more effective gene therapies
Alex Nguyen Ba , University of Toronto
Genetically engineered bacteria can detect cancer cells in a world-first experiment
Dan Worthley , South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute
Promising assisted reproductive technologies come with ethical, legal and social challenges – a developmental biologist and a bioethicist discuss IVF, abortion and the mice with two dads
Keith Latham , Michigan State University and Mary Faith Marshall , University of Virginia
Where have all the Luddites gone? Exploring what makes us human – and whether modern technology threatens to destroy it
Charles Barbour , Western Sydney University
Kenya has lifted its ban on genetically modified crops: the risks and opportunities
Benard Odhiambo Oloo , Egerton University
Genetically engineered bacteria make living materials for self-repairing walls and cleaning up pollution
Sara Molinari , Rice University
Cotton breeders are using genetic insights to make this global crop more sustainable
Serina DeSalvio , Texas A&M University
‘Jurassic World’ scientists still haven’t learned that just because you can doesn’t mean you should – real-world genetic engineers can learn from the cautionary tale
Andrew Maynard , Arizona State University
Organs from genetically engineered pigs may help shorten the transplant wait list
David Kaczorowski , University of Pittsburgh
What is bioengineered food? An agriculture expert explains
Kathleen Merrigan , Arizona State University
Unlike the US, Europe is setting ambitious targets for producing more organic food
How engineered bacteria could clean up oilsands pollution and mining waste
Vikramaditya G. Yadav , University of British Columbia
Lab-grown embryos and human-monkey hybrids: Medical marvels or ethical missteps?
Sahotra Sarkar , The University of Texas at Austin
Gene editing is revealing how corals respond to warming waters. It could transform how we manage our reefs
Dimitri Perrin , Queensland University of Technology ; Jacob Bradford , Queensland University of Technology ; Line K Bay , Australian Institute of Marine Science , and Phillip Cleves , Carnegie Institution for Science
Here’s how scientists know the coronavirus came from bats and wasn’t made in a lab
Polly Hayes , University of Westminster
There is no evidence that the coronavirus was created in a laboratory
Eric Muraille , Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
Mysterious museum shows how humans have modified nature for themselves – with important consequences
Dominic Walker , Royal Holloway University of London
The science and politics of genetically engineered salmon: 5 questions answered
Alison Van Eenennaam , University of California, Davis
Organic farming with gene editing: An oxymoron or a tool for sustainable agriculture?
Rebecca Mackelprang , University of California, Berkeley
Related Topics
- Agriculture
- Climate change
- CRISPR/Cas9
- Gene editing
- Human embryos
- Synthetic biology
Top contributors
Executive Director, Swette Center for Sustainable Food Systems, Arizona State University
Strategic Professor in Palaeontology, Flinders University
Visiting Fellow (Molecular and Cellular Biology), University of Leeds
Personal Chair in Synthetic Biological Engineering, The University of Edinburgh
Director, Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles
Adjunct associate, Flinders University
CEO, Australian Centre for Plant Functional Genomics
Professor in Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia
Senior Research Fellow, Agroecological Futures, Coventry University
Research Leader, Sport, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University
Director, Synthetic Biology Future Science Platform, CSIRO
Professor of Agricultural and Biological Engineering and Director of Integrated Bioprocessing Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Distinguished Research Professor, Emerita, Dalhousie University
Professor of Bioethics, University of Sydney
Professor of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland
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GEN – Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology News
Pancreatic Cancer Tumors in Mice Shrink after Nano Delivery of Four-Drug Combo
How herpes’ dna polymerase helps virus evade antiviral drugs, epigenetic blood marker studies can help evaluate dementia risk, probing vaccine manufacturing, bacterial memories of stress are held in regulatory networks and kept for generations, latest news.
Food Microbiome Accounts for Around 3% of Adult Gut Microbiome
GPCR-RAMP Interactome Maps Could Help Drug Developers Find Buried Treasures
Multiple Sclerosis Models Clarify Role of Glia, Hint at New Targets
New AI Tool Scans STORM Images to Distinguish Cancer Cells from Normal Cells
Single-Cell Resolution Mapping of Malaria Parasites Sheds Light on Disease Transmission
Latest insights, synthetic biology at scale: less disruption, more cohesion, the time is now for new biosafety testing services, one polysaccharide’s journey from pond to product, antibody discovery taps ai for multidimensional optimization, cancer vaccines: new targeting strategies, brighter prospects, is generative ai in drug discovery overhyped, latest from gen edge, illumina and the state of the genomics market, stockwatch: neurocrine tumbles as schizophrenia data disappoints, hold and kill: halda raises $126m toward precision cancer treatments, latest a-lists, top 10 contract development and manufacturing organizations 2024, 8 contract development and manufacturing companies to watch, top 10 u.s. biopharma clusters 2024, featured videos, bye, bye, baltimore: gen ’s takeaways from asgct, asgct 2024: a video update from baltimore, touching base podcast, dna day: deep dive, how biotechs are plugging ai into drug discovery problems, latest webinars, gen live, virtual events, ebooks, & podcasts, the state of biotech 2024, approved antibody-drug conjugates: key takeaways and lessons learned, advancing mrna vaccine and therapy development, gen: august 2024.
This issue of GEN appears in the dog days of summer, a time associated with oppressive heat and a dull lack of progress. But our coverage is as lively as ever because there is so much progress to report. Let’s start with our cover story: preclinical models. This space is evolving to address increasing concern over the 3Rs of animal models (replacement, reduction, and refinement), and the emergence of in vitro alternatives such as organ-chips. Another story looks at the industrialization of synthetic biology. To date, synthetic biology has struggled with cost and capacity issues, but it is getting a boost from biofoundries, strain engineering, and precision fermentation. In other stories, we report on AI in drug discovery (AI is streamlining antibody design and balancing antibody attributes) and cancer vaccines (the field may leave its dog days behind by adopting new targeting strategies). Finally, we rank the country’s leading biopharma clusters.
Latest Articles by Topic
Keeping cell and gene therapy production in-house, cytokine measurements might improve car-t bioprocessing, how hybrid models could accelerate process scaleup, kansas state university receives $7m to drive biomanufacturing training and education..., latest coronavirus news, superbugs in hospitals could be tracked with pan-pathogen deep sequencing, covid-19 nasal vaccine results show progress toward transmission-halting approach, sars-cov-2 infects opossums, racoons, groundhogs, and other wild animals, recently featured.
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Physiochemical analyses and molecular characterization of heavy metal-resistant bacteria from Ilesha gold mining sites in Nigeria
The contribution of the processes involved and waste generated during gold mining to the increment of heavy metals concentration in the environment has been well established. While certain heavy metals are req...
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Acetaminophen-traces bioremediation with novel phenotypically and genotypically characterized 2 Streptomyces strains using chemo-informatics, in vivo, and in vitro experiments for cytotoxicity and biological activity
We isolated two novel bacterial strains, active against the environmental pollutant acetaminophen/Paracetamol®. Streptomyces chrestomyceticus (symbol RS2) and Flavofuscus (symbol M33) collected from El-Natrun Val...
Biosoftening of banana pseudostem fiber using cellulase and pectinase enzyme isolated from Aspergillus niger for textile industry
Nowadays, farmers are facing a lot of problems for the disposal of banana pseudostem waste after the harvesting of banana. Banana pseudostem is a rich source of fiber, which is an alternative source of other n...
FolE gene expression for folic acid productivity from optimized and characterized probiotic Lactobacillus delbrueckii
Lactobacillus delbrueckii was one of the most common milk lactic acid bacterial strains (LAB) which characterized as probiotic with many health influencing properties.
Reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) primer design based on Indonesia SARS-CoV-2 RNA sequence
The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of tracking cases by using various methods such as the Reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) which is a fast, simple, inexp...
In silico analysis of HLA-1 and HLA-2 recognition of a designed recombinant human papillomavirus vaccine based on L1 protein HPV subtype 45
Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) can bind and present the processed antigenic peptide derived from the vaccine to the T cell receptor, and this capability is crucial in determining the effectivity of the vaccine ...
In silico design of an epitope-based vaccine against PspC in Streptococcus pneumoniae using reverse vaccinology
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major pathogen that poses a significant hazard to global health, causing a variety of infections including pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant st...
A scalable overexpression of a thermostable recombinant poly-histidine tag carboxyl esterase under lambda promoter: purification, characterization, and protein modelling
As a white biotechnological trend, esterases are thought to be among the most active enzymes’ classes in biocatalysis and synthesis of industrially importance organic compounds. Esterases are used in many appl...
Correction: Mycosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using marine fungi and their antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms
The original article was published in Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 2023 21 :127
Whole genome sequence and comparative genomics analysis of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus xylosus NM36 isolated from a cow with mastitis in Basrah city
Staphylococcus xylosus is a coagulase-negative, gram-positive coccus that is found in the environment and as a commensal organism on the skin and mucosal surfaces of animals. Despite the fact that S. xylosus is c...
Immunoinformatics-aided rational design of multiepitope-based peptide vaccine (MEBV) targeting human parainfluenza virus 3 (HPIV-3) stable proteins
Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are common RNA viruses responsible for respiratory tract infections. Human parainfluenza virus 3 (HPIV-3) is particularly pathogenic, causing severe illnesses with no effect...
Isolation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria from the agricultural fields of Tattiannaram, Telangana
Plant probiotics bacteria are live microbes that promote soil health and plant growth and build the stress-tolerant capacity to the plants. They benefit the plants by increasing nutrient absorption and release...
Exploring structural antigens of yellow fever virus to design multi-epitope subunit vaccine candidate by utilizing an immuno-informatics approach
Yellow fever is a mosquito-borne viral hemorrhagic disease transmitted by several species of virus-infected mosquitoes endemic to tropical regions of Central and South America and Africa. Earlier in the twenti...
Short tandem repeat (STR) variation from 6 cities in Iraq based on 15 loci
One thousand sixty-one individuals were sampled from the cities of Anbar, Baghdad, Basra, Diyala, Najaf, and Wasit in Iraq and typed for 15 forensic STRs to explore the genetic structure of Iraq and develop a ...
The hepato- and neuroprotective effect of gold Casuarina equisetifolia bark nano-extract against Chlorpyrifos-induced toxicity in rats
The bark of Casuarina equisetifolia contains several active phytoconstituents that are suitable for the biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs). These nanoparticles were subsequently evaluated for their effec...
Cloning and characterization of an acidic lipase from a lipolytic bacterium in tempeh
Lipases have emerged as essential biocatalysts, having the ability to contribute to a wide range of industrial applications. Microbial lipases have garnered significant industrial attention due to their stabil...
Recent advances in genome annotation and synthetic biology for the development of microbial chassis
This article provides an overview of microbial host selection, synthetic biology, genome annotation, metabolic modeling, and computational methods for predicting gene essentiality for developing a microbial ch...
In-silico analysis of potent Mosquirix vaccine adjuvant leads
World Health Organization recommend the use of malaria vaccine, Mosquirix, as a malaria prevention strategy. However, Mosquirix has failed to reduce the global burden of malaria because of its inefficacy. The ...
Influenza vaccine: a review on current scenario and future prospects
Vaccination is a crucial tool in preventing influenza, but it requires annual updates in vaccine composition due to the ever-changing nature of the flu virus. While healthcare and economic burdens have reduced...
Endophytic bacteria Klebsiella spp. and Bacillus spp . from Alternanthera philoxeroides in Madiwala Lake exhibit additive plant growth-promoting and biocontrol activities
The worldwide increase in human population and environmental damage has put immense pressure on the overall global crop production making it inadequate to feed the entire population. Therefore, the need for su...
Immunoinformatics analysis of Brucella melitensis to approach a suitable vaccine against brucellosis
Brucellosis caused by B. melitensis is one of the most important common diseases between humans and livestock. Currently, live attenuated vaccines are used for this disease, which causes many problems, and unfort...
Enhancement effect of AgO nanoparticles on fermentative cellulase activity from thermophilic Bacillus subtilis Ag-PQ
Cellulase is an important bioprocessing enzyme used in various industries. This study was conducted with the aim of improving the biodegradation activity of cellulase obtained from the Bacillus subtilis AG-PQ str...
Studying the pathogenicity of 26 variants characterized in the first molecular analyses of Egyptian aplastic anemia patients
Aplastic anemia (AA) is a bone marrow disorder characterized by peripheral pancytopenia and marrow hypoplasia which can lead to life-threatening complications. Our objective was to study the telomerase genes ( TER...
Optimizing the generation of mature bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in vitro: a factorial study design
Factorial design is a simple, yet elegant method to investigate the effect of multiple factors and their interaction on a specific response simultaneously. Hence, this type of study design reaches the best opt...
Biodiversity and biological applications of marine actinomycetes—Abu-Qir Bay, Mediterranean Sea, Egypt
The ability of actinomycetes to produce bioactive secondary metabolites makes them one of the most important prokaryotes. Marine actinomycetes are one of the most important secondary metabolites producers used...
A computational simulation appraisal of banana lectin as a potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 candidate by targeting the receptor-binding domain
The ongoing concern surrounding coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) primarily stems from continuous mutations in the genome of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), leading to the e...
Metagenomic analysis reveals diverse microbial community and potential functional roles in Baner rivulet, India
The health index of any population is directly correlated with the water quality, which in turn depends upon physicochemical characteristics and the microbiome of that aquatic source. For maintaining the water...
Mapping of conserved immunodominant epitope peptides in the outer membrane porin (Omp) L of prominent Enterobacteriaceae pathogens associated with gastrointestinal infections
Members of Enterobacteriaceae such as Escherichia coli O 157:H7, Salmonella sp., Shigella sp., Klebsiella sp., and Citrobacter freundii are responsible for the outbreak of serious foodborne illness and other muco...
Dual action of epigallocatechin-3-gallate in virus-induced cell Injury
Viral infections cause damage and long-term injury to infected human tissues, demanding therapy with antiviral and wound healing medications. Consequently, safe phytochemical molecules that may control viral i...
Designing a novel and combinatorial multi-antigenic epitope-based vaccine “MarVax” against Marburg virus—a reverse vaccinology and immunoinformatics approach
Marburg virus (MARV) is a member of the Filoviridae family and causes Marburg virus disease (MVD) among humans and primates. With fatality rates going up to 88%, there is currently no commercialized cure or va...
Bioinformatics study of phytase from Aspergillus niger for use as feed additive in livestock feed
Phytase supplementation in rations can reduce their phytic acid composition in order to enhance their nutritional value. Aspergillus niger is a fungus that can encode phytase. This study aims to determine the cha...
Improved production of Bacillus subtilis cholesterol oxidase by optimization of process parameters using response surface methodology
Cholesterol oxidase has numerous biomedical and industrial applications. In the current study, a new bacterial strain was isolated from sewage and was selected for its high potency for cholesterol degradation ...
Microsatellite diversity and complexity in the viral genomes of the family Caliciviridae
Microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSR) consist of 1–6 nucleotide motifs of DNA or RNA which are ubiquitously present in tandem repeated sequences across genome in viruses: prokaryotes and eukaryotes....
Prevalence of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase Producers (ESBLs) with antibiotic resistance pattern of Gram negative pathogenic bacteria isolated from door handles in hospitals of Pokhara, Western Nepal
The presence of drug-resistant Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria and Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase Producers (ESBLs) in hospital associated fomites like door handles can serve as vehicles in transmission and m...
Application of statistical methodology for the optimization of l -glutaminase enzyme production from Streptomyces pseudogriseolus ZHG20 under solid-state fermentation
Actinomycetes are excellent microbial sources for various chemical structures like enzymes, most of which are used in pharmaceutical and industrial products. Actinomycetes are preferred sources of enzymes due ...
Investigating marine Bacillus as an effective growth promoter for chickpea
Microorganisms have characteristics that aid plant growth and raise the level of vital metabolites in plants for better growth including primary and secondary metabolites as well as several developmental enzym...
The pectinolytic activity of Burkholderia cepacia and its application in the bioscouring of cotton knit fabric
Enzymatic catalysis in different industrial applications is often preferred over chemical methods due to various advantages, such as higher specificity, greater efficiency, and less environmental footprint. Pe...
In silico analysis of a novel hypothetical protein (YP_498675.1) from Staphylococcus aureus unravels the protein of tryptophan synthase beta superfamily (Try-synth-beta_ II)
Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive spherical bacteria and the most common cause of nosocomial infections in the world. Given its clinical significance, the genome sequence of S. aureus has been elucidated t...
Nutrigenomics and microbiome shaping the future of personalized medicine: a review article
The relationship between nutrition and genes has long been hinted at and sometimes plainly associated with certain diseases. Now, after many years of research and coincidental findings, it is believed that thi...
Alpha-glucan: a novel bacterial polysaccharide and its application as a biosorbent for heavy metals
This study identified an extracellular bacterial polysaccharide produced by Bacillus velezensis strain 40B that contains more than 90% of the monosaccharide glucose as alpha-glucan. A prominent peak at 1074 cm −1 ,...
De novo assembly and comparative genome analysis for polyhydroxyalkanoates-producing Bacillus sp. BNPI-92 strain
Certain Bacillus species play a vital role in polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production. However, most of these isolates did not properly identify to species level when scientifically had been reported.
Adverse effect of Tamarindus indica and tamoxifen combination on redox balance and genotoxicity of breast cancer cell
Breast cancer is the most significant threat to women worldwide. Most chemotherapeutic drugs cause cancer cell death and apoptosis by inducing oxidative stress and producing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Canc...
In silico molecular and functional characterization of a dual function antimicrobial peptide, hepcidin (GIFT-Hep), isolated from genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus )
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), innate immune response molecules in organisms, are also known for their dual functionality, exemplified by hepcidin—an immunomodulator and iron regulator. Identifying and studyin...
Codon optimization of a gene encoding DNA polymerase from Pyrococcus furiosus and its expression in Escherichia coli
DNA polymerase is an essential component in PCR assay for DNA synthesis. Improving DNA polymerase with characteristics indispensable for a powerful assay is crucial because it can be used in wide-range applica...
Immunoinformatics study to explore dengue (DENV-1) proteome to design multi-epitope vaccine construct by using CD4+ epitopes
Immunoinformatics is an emerging interdisciplinary field which integrates immunology, bioinformatics, and computational biology to study the immune system. In this study, we apply immunoinformatics approaches ...
Mycosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using marine fungi and their antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms
At the present time, there is a persistent need to get rid of environmental contaminants by eco-friendly, sustainable, and economical technologies. Uncontrolled disposal practices of domestic and industrial so...
The Correction to this article has been published in Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 2023 21 :164
Expression, purification, and characterization of self-assembly virus-like particles of capsid protein L1 HPV 52 in Pichia pastoris GS115
Cervical cancer caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most frequent malignances globally. HPV 52 is a high-risk cancer-causing genotype that has been identified as the most prevalent type in I...
Pangenome diversification and resistance gene characterization in Salmonella Typhi prioritized RfaJ as a significant therapeutic marker
Salmonella Typhi stands as the etiological agent responsible for the onset of human typhoid fever. The pressing demand for innovative therapeutic targets against S. Typhi is underscored by the escalating prevale...
Association between polymorphisms of immune response genes and early childhood caries — systematic review, gene-based, gene cluster, and meta-analysis
Early childhood caries is a significant public health concern affecting about 600 million children globally. The etiology of early childhood caries can be explained as an interplay between genetic and environm...
Experimental and hypothetical appraisal on inhibition of glucose-induced glycation of bovine serum albumin by quercetin
The specificity of protein functions depends on its folding ability into a functional structure. Protein folding is an essential systemic phenomenon that prevents incorrect folding which could result in harmfu...
- ISSN: 2090-5920 (electronic)
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Genetic Engineering
Se acerca la cura de una enfermedad que hace que los niños envejezcan rápido
Los avances en la búsqueda de ayuda para los pacientes de progeria sugieren que las técnicas de edición genética podrían ayudar a tratar otras enfermedades ultrarraras.
By Gina Kolata
A Disease That Makes Children Age Rapidly Gets Closer to a Cure
Progress in the quest to help progeria patients suggests that gene editing techniques may help treat other ultrarare conditions.
Second Patient to Receive a Genetically Modified Pig Kidney Has Died
Lisa Pisano, 54, lived with the organ for 47 days. She was the first patient to receive both a heart pump and an organ transplant, doctors said.
By Roni Caryn Rabin
Transplanted Pig Kidney Is Removed From Patient
The organ, from a genetically modified animal, failed because of a lack of blood flow, surgeons said, but did not appear to have been rejected by the body.
Stolen Remains Found in Plastic Bag Traced to Woman Born 160 Years Ago
Skeletal remains found in Oxnard, Calif., in 1985 have been identified as those of Gertrude Elliott Littlehale, a musician whose grave was desecrated after her death in 1915.
By Johnny Diaz
Patient Dies Weeks After Kidney Transplant From Genetically Modified Pig
Richard Slayman received the historic procedure in March. The hospital said it had “no indication” his death was related to the transplant.
By Virginia Hughes
First Patient Begins Newly Approved Sickle Cell Gene Therapy
A 12-year-old boy in the Washington, D.C., area faces months of procedures to remedy his disease. “I want to be cured,” he said.
By Gina Kolata and Kenny Holston
Grandmother Becomes Second Patient to Receive Kidney From Gene-Edited Pig
NYU Langone Health surgeons performed the transplant after implanting a mechanical heart pump in the severely ill patient.
Generative A.I. Arrives in the Gene Editing World of CRISPR
Much as ChatGPT generates poetry, a new A.I. system devises blueprints for microscopic mechanisms that can edit your DNA.
By Cade Metz
Should We Change Species to Save Them?
When traditional conservation fails, science is using “assisted evolution” to give vulnerable wildlife a chance.
By Emily Anthes and Chang W. Lee
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Researchers are using CRISPR for precise genetic manipulation of human-associated microbes as a promising avenue for improving human health.
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Photosynthesis: genetic strategies adopted to gain higher efficiency.
1. Introduction
2. advances in genetic engineering to optimize photosynthesis, 2.1. modification of electron transport chain, 2.2. modification of calvin-benson cycle, 2.3. modification of photorespiratory process, 2.4. modification of non-photochemical quenching, 2.5. synergistic enhancements in photosynthesis: multigene modifications’ impact, 3. post-translational modification of photosynthetic machinery, 4. improvement in photosynthesis under abiotic-stress conditions, 4.1. under high and low light intensity, 4.2. under high temperatures (heat stress), 4.3. under low temperature (cold stress), 4.4. under drought stress, 4.5. under salt stress (salinity), 5. future perspectives, 6. conclusions, supplementary materials, author contributions, conflicts of interest.
- Mrabet, R. Chapter 2—Sustainable Agriculture for Food and Nutritional Security. In Sustainable Agriculture and the Environment ; Farooq, M., Gogoi, N., Pisante, M., Eds.; Academic Press: Cambridge, MA, USA, 2023; pp. 25–90. ISBN 9780323905008. [ Google Scholar ]
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- Rungrat, T.; Almonte, A.A.; Cheng, R.; Gollan, P.J.; Stuart, T.; Aro, E.-M.; Borevitz, J.O.; Pogson, B.; Wilson, P.B. A Genome-Wide Association Study of Non-Photochemical Quenching in Response to Local Seasonal Climates in Arabidopsis thaliana . Plant Direct 2019 , 3 , e00138. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
- Wang, Q.; Zhao, H.; Jiang, J.; Xu, J.; Xie, W.; Fu, X.; Liu, C.; He, Y.; Wang, G. Genetic Architecture of Natural Variation in Rice Nonphotochemical Quenching Capacity Revealed by Genome-Wide Association Study. Front. Plant Sci. 2017 , 8 , 1773. [ Google Scholar ] [ CrossRef ]
Click here to enlarge figure
Gene | Function and Impact | Pathway |
---|---|---|
PsbS | Regulates non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) to enhance photoprotection, preventing damage from excess light during photosynthesis. | Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) |
PGR5/PGRL1 | Regulates cyclic electron flow (CEF) to protect photosystem I (PSI), enhancing the plant’s resilience to fluctuating light conditions. | Cyclic electron flow |
KEA3 | Regulates the proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane, optimizing ATP synthesis and overall photosynthetic efficiency. | Proton gradient regulation |
VDE (violaxanthin de-epoxidase) | Converts violaxanthin to zeaxanthin in NPQ, playing a critical role in dissipating excess light energy as heat. | Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) |
ZEP (zeaxanthin epoxidase) | Converts zeaxanthin back to violaxanthin, regulating NPQ and maintaining balance in the light-harvesting process. | Non-photochemical quenching |
Reisek FeS protein | Mediates electron flow between PSII and PSI, playing a pivotal role in the overall efficiency of the electron transport chain. | Electron transport chain |
NADH dehydrogenase (NDH) | Involved in cyclic electron flow around PSI, contributing to ATP production and enhancing the efficiency of photosynthesis. | Cyclic electron flow |
SBPase (sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase) | Enhances the regeneration of ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) in the Calvin-Benson cycle, facilitating increased carbon fixation. | Calvin-Benson cycle |
CAO (chlorophyllide a oxygenase) | Modulates chlorophyll b levels to optimize light capture, improving overall photosynthetic efficiency by enhancing light harvesting. | Light-harvesting complex |
FBPA (fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase) | Improves photosynthesis and growth under elevated CO conditions by facilitating the conversion of sugars in the Calvin cycle. | Calvin-Benson cycle |
GAPDH (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) | Increases the production of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) in the Calvin-Benson cycle, enhancing carbohydrate synthesis and energy production. | Calvin-Benson cycle |
PRK (phosphoribulokinase) | Crucial for the regeneration of RuBP; overexpression can significantly improve photosynthetic rates and biomass accumulation. | Calvin-Benson cycle |
RCA (RubisCO activase) | Reactivates RubisCO, ensuring efficient carbon fixation by maintaining the enzyme’s activity under varying conditions. | Calvin-Benson cycle |
Ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase (FNR) | Reduces NADP+ to NADPH, a critical step for providing the reducing power necessary for the Calvin cycle. | Electron transport chain |
Glycine decarboxylase (GDC) | Involved in the photorespiratory pathway, mitigating the effects of photorespiration and enhancing overall carbon efficiency. | Photorespiration |
H-protein | Enhances photorespiration by improving glycine cleavage system (GCS) efficiency, facilitating better nitrogen assimilation. | Photorespiration |
T-protein | Part of the GCS, crucial for facilitating the conversion of glycine during photorespiration, thereby affecting overall carbon balance. | Photorespiration |
GLK transcription factors | Enhances photosynthesis by regulating chloroplast development, promoting the formation of functional chloroplasts necessary for light capture. | Chloroplast development |
psbA | Involved in the de novo synthesis of the D1 protein, essential for the repair of photosystem II (PSII) under photoinhibition conditions. | Photoinhibition |
mEmBP1 | Enhances photosynthesis by regulating chloroplast development, similar to GLK, ensuring efficient light utilization. | Gene regulation |
HYR (higher yield regulation) | Acts as a master regulator for photosynthesis genes, coordinating responses to environmental signals and optimizing growth. | Gene regulation |
NRP1 (Negative Regulator of Photosynthesis 1) | Negatively regulates photosynthesis-related genes, providing a balance in the expression of photosynthesis-related pathways under stress. | Gene regulation |
Gene | Organism | Role/Function | References |
---|---|---|---|
Plants | Regulates the PSII system, chlorophyll content, and stress tolerance | [ ] | |
Plants | Affects genes linked to the chloroplast and cell wall | [ ] | |
Plants | Regulates CAB gene expression, enhancing stress tolerance | [ ] | |
Arabidopsis/rice | Lowers the transpiration rate and increases photosynthetic absorption | [ ] | |
Arabidopsis | Enhances seed germination rates and stress tolerance | [ ] | |
Eukaryotic cells | Enhances the photosynthetic rate by regulating chloroplast redox and gene expression | [ , ] | |
Rice | Activates RubisCO, improving thermal stability and photosynthetic capacity under heat stress | [ ] | |
Rice | A key enzyme in the Calvin cycle; it enhances high-temperature stress resistance | [ ] | |
Rice | A member of the G-protein family; it enhances cold stress tolerance | [ ] | |
Rice, Arabidopsis | Confers resistance to cold, drought, and salt stress by regulating the cold acclimation response | [ , ] | |
Tobacco, Arabidopsis | A zinc finger protein; it increases resistance to low temperatures | [ ] | |
Bacteria/Plants | Enhances cold, heat, and water-deficiency tolerance | [ , ] | |
Tobacco | Is involved in linolenic acid synthesis; it improves freezing tolerance | [ ] | |
Plants | Changes fatty acid unsaturation; it enhances cold tolerance | [ ] | |
Various species | Improves drought tolerance by regulating stress-responsive genes | [ ] | |
Rice | Enhances drought and salinity resistance | [ ] | |
Maize | Kinase domain; it improves drought tolerance | [ ] | |
Rice | A key enzyme in ABA biosynthesis; it enhances drought tolerance | [ ] | |
Rice | A rate-limiting enzyme in proline biosynthesis; it improves drought tolerance | [ ] | |
Cotton | An antioxidant enzyme; it enhances drought tolerance | [ ] | |
Various species | Antioxidant enzymes; they enhance salinity tolerance | [ ] | |
Rice | Enhances the glycine betaine level and salt tolerance | [ ] | |
Citrus, Tobacco | Aquaporin; it enhances growth and photosynthetic capabilities under salt and drought stress | [ ] | |
Various species | Broad abiotic stress resistance | [ ] | |
Plants | Supports water and solute transport and enhances salinity tolerance | [ ] |
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Share and Cite
Khan, N.; Choi, S.-H.; Lee, C.-H.; Qu, M.; Jeon, J.-S. Photosynthesis: Genetic Strategies Adopted to Gain Higher Efficiency. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024 , 25 , 8933. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168933
Khan N, Choi S-H, Lee C-H, Qu M, Jeon J-S. Photosynthesis: Genetic Strategies Adopted to Gain Higher Efficiency. International Journal of Molecular Sciences . 2024; 25(16):8933. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168933
Khan, Naveed, Seok-Hyun Choi, Choon-Hwan Lee, Mingnan Qu, and Jong-Seong Jeon. 2024. "Photosynthesis: Genetic Strategies Adopted to Gain Higher Efficiency" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 16: 8933. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168933
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Genetic engineering articles within Nature
Article 10 July 2024 | Open Access
In situ targeted base editing of bacteria in the mouse gut
Edited bacteria were stably maintained in mouse gut for at least 42 days following the delivery of a base editor using an engineered phage-derived particle to modify Escherichia coli colonizing the gut.
- Andreas K. Brödel
- , Loïc H. Charpenay
- & David Bikard
Article 26 June 2024 | Open Access
Transposase-assisted target-site integration for efficient plant genome engineering
Fusion of rice Pong transposase to the Cas9 or Cas12a programmable nucleases provides sequence-specific targeted insertion of enhancer elements, an open reading frame and gene expression cassette into the genome of the model plant Arabidopsis and crop soybean .
- , Kaushik Panda
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Article 29 May 2024 | Open Access
Structural basis for pegRNA-guided reverse transcription by a prime editor
Cryo-electron microscopy structures of the prime editor bound to a prime editing guide RNA and target DNA, in the pre-initiation, initiation and elongation and termination states, provide insights into the mechanism by which prime editing occurs.
- Yutaro Shuto
- , Ryoya Nakagawa
- & Osamu Nureki
Article 22 May 2024 | Open Access
Selective haematological cancer eradication with preserved haematopoiesis
An antibody–drug conjugate that targets the pan-haematopoietic marker CD45 combined with transplanted stem cells engineered to be shielded from it can eradicate leukaemic cells while preserving haematopoiesis.
- Simon Garaudé
- , Romina Marone
- & Lukas T. Jeker
Article 20 September 2023 | Open Access
Transgenic ferret models define pulmonary ionocyte diversity and function
Conditional genetic ferret models enable ionocyte lineage tracing, ionocyte ablation and ionocyte-specific deletion of CFTR to elucidate the roles of pulmonary ionocyte biology and function during human health and disease.
- , Grace N. Gasser
- & John F. Engelhardt
Article | 28 June 2023
Continuous synthesis of E. coli genome sections and Mb-scale human DNA assembly
BAC stepwise insertion synthesis (BASIS) can be used to build synthetic genomes for diverse organisms, and continuous genome synthesis (CGS) enables the rapid synthesis of entire Escherichia coli genomes from functional designs.
- Jérôme F. Zürcher
- , Askar A. Kleefeldt
- & Jason W. Chin
Article | 14 June 2023
Genome editing of a rice CDP-DAG synthase confers multipathogen resistance
Editing of a rice gene that has a role in phospholipid synthesis has endowed rice plants with broad-spectrum resistance to disease, including protection from common bacterial and fungal pathogens, without decreasing the yield.
- & Guotian Li
Article 24 August 2022 | Open Access
R-loop formation and conformational activation mechanisms of Cas9
Cryo-electron microscopy structures of Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 in multiple DNA-bound states provide insights on the mechanism of Cas9 activation by target DNA.
- Martin Pacesa
- , Luuk Loeff
- & Martin Jinek
Article 06 July 2022 | Open Access
A time-resolved, multi-symbol molecular recorder via sequential genome editing
A DNA memory device, DNA Typewriter, uses sequential prime editing to record the order of multiple cellular events.
- Junhong Choi
- & Jay Shendure
Article 02 March 2022 | Open Access
Structural basis for mismatch surveillance by CRISPR–Cas9
Cryo-electron microscopy structures of Cas9 during mismatch cleavage provide insight into the mechanisms that control off-target effects of Cas9, which will aid in the future design of high-fidelity Cas9 variants with reduced off-target cleavage.
- Jack P. K. Bravo
- , Mu-Sen Liu
- & David W. Taylor
Article | 02 June 2021
Base editing of haematopoietic stem cells rescues sickle cell disease in mice
A custom adenine base editor can edit the variant of the β-globin gene that causes sickle cell disease into a non-pathogenic variant in human and mouse cells, and transplantation of the edited cells rescues sickle cell disease in mice.
- Gregory A. Newby
- , Jonathan S. Yen
- & David R. Liu
Article | 19 May 2021
In vivo CRISPR base editing of PCSK9 durably lowers cholesterol in primates
In a cynomolgus macaque model, CRISPR base editors delivered in lipid nanoparticles are shown to efficiently and stably knock down PCSK9 in the liver to reduce levels of PCSK9 and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the blood.
- Kiran Musunuru
- , Alexandra C. Chadwick
- & Sekar Kathiresan
Article | 08 July 2020
A bacterial cytidine deaminase toxin enables CRISPR-free mitochondrial base editing
An interbacterial toxin that catalyses the deamination of cytidines within double-stranded DNA forms part of a CRISPR-free, RNA-free base editing system that enables manipulation of human mitochondrial DNA.
- Beverly Y. Mok
- , Marcos H. de Moraes
Article | 21 October 2019
Search-and-replace genome editing without double-strand breaks or donor DNA
A new DNA-editing technique called prime editing offers improved versatility and efficiency with reduced byproducts compared with existing techniques, and shows potential for correcting disease-associated mutations.
- Andrew V. Anzalone
- , Peyton B. Randolph
Letter | 10 June 2019
Off-target RNA mutation induced by DNA base editing and its elimination by mutagenesis
Cytosine and adenine base editors have undesired off-target effects on RNA, but this activity can be reduced in deaminase-engineered variants while preserving on-target DNA editing.
- Changyang Zhou
- & Hui Yang
Article | 15 May 2019
Total synthesis of Escherichia coli with a recoded genome
High-fidelity convergent total synthesis is used to produce Escherichia coli with a 61-codon synthetic genome that uses 59 codons to encode all of the canonical amino acids.
- Julius Fredens
- , Kaihang Wang
Letter | 03 April 2019
Precise therapeutic gene correction by a simple nuclease-induced double-stranded break
Disease-causing microduplications can be corrected by harnessing an endogenous double-stranded break DNA repair pathway.
- Sukanya Iyer
- , Sneha Suresh
- & Scot A. Wolfe
Article | 03 October 2018
Transcriptional recording by CRISPR spacer acquisition from RNA
An RNA-adapting CRISPR–Cas system is coupled with amplification and sequencing steps to record, retrieve and analyse changes in the transcriptome of a bacterial cell over time.
- Florian Schmidt
- , Mariia Y. Cherepkova
- & Randall J. Platt
Brief Communications Arising | 08 August 2018
Large deletions induced by Cas9 cleavage
- Fatwa Adikusuma
- , Sandra Piltz
- & Paul Q. Thomas
Letter | 01 August 2018
CRISPR-guided DNA polymerases enable diversification of all nucleotides in a tunable window
A system that targets DNA polymerase activity with CRISPR-guided nickases to provide genetic diversification at user-defined loci enables forward genetic approaches.
- Shakked O. Halperin
- , Connor J. Tou
- & John E. Dueber
Letter | 11 July 2018
Reprogramming human T cell function and specificity with non-viral genome targeting
A non-viral strategy to introduce large DNA sequences into T cells enables the correction of a pathogenic mutation that causes autoimmunity, and the replacement of an endogenous T-cell receptor with an engineered receptor that can recognize cancer antigens.
- Theodore L. Roth
- , Cristina Puig-Saus
- & Alexander Marson
Article | 28 February 2018
Evolved Cas9 variants with broad PAM compatibility and high DNA specificity
Phage-assisted continuous evolution of Cas9 variants with broad PAM compatibility and high DNA specificity that can be used for transcriptional activation, gene disruption and base editing.
- Johnny H. Hu
- , Shannon M. Miller
Letter | 04 January 2018
Acoustic reporter genes for noninvasive imaging of microorganisms in mammalian hosts
Heterologous expression of engineered gas vesicles allows noninvasive, deep-tissue ultrasound visualization of engineered bacteria in vivo in mouse tumour models and in the gastrointestinal tract.
- Raymond W. Bourdeau
- , Audrey Lee-Gosselin
- & Mikhail G. Shapiro
Letter | 20 December 2017
Treatment of autosomal dominant hearing loss by in vivo delivery of genome editing agents
CRISPR–Cas9 genome editing is used to correct a dominant-negative mutation in a mouse model of inherited deafness, resulting in improvements in cochlear function and hearing.
Article | 01 November 2017
Programmable base editing of A•T to G•C in genomic DNA without DNA cleavage
A new DNA ‘base editor’ can change targeted A•T base pairs to G•C, allowing disease-associated mutations to be corrected and disease-suppressing mutations to be introduced into cells.
- Nicole M. Gaudelli
- , Alexis C. Komor
Review Article | 05 October 2017
Expanding and reprogramming the genetic code
A review of the recent developments in reprogramming the genetic code of cells and organisms to include non-canonical amino acids in precisely engineered proteins.
- Jason W. Chin
Letter | 04 October 2017
RNA targeting with CRISPR–Cas13
The class 2 type VI RNA-guided RNA-targeting CRISPR–Cas effector Cas13 can be engineered for RNA knockdown and binding, expanding the CRISPR toolset with a flexible platform for studying RNA in mammalian cells and therapeutic development.
- Omar O. Abudayyeh
- , Jonathan S. Gootenberg
- & Feng Zhang
Letter | 20 September 2017
Enhanced proofreading governs CRISPR–Cas9 targeting accuracy
A new engineered version of SpCas9, called HypaCas9, displays enhanced accuracy of editing without significant loss of efficiency at the desired target.
- Janice S. Chen
- , Yavuz S. Dagdas
- & Jennifer A. Doudna
Letter | 21 November 2016
Synthetic recording and in situ readout of lineage information in single cells
A new system, termed MEMOIR, allows cells to record lineage and gene expression history within their own genome in a format that can be read out in single cells in situ.
- Kirsten L. Frieda
- , James M. Linton
- & Long Cai
Letter | 27 April 2016
Efficient introduction of specific homozygous and heterozygous mutations using CRISPR/Cas9
A CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing framework has been developed that allows controlled introduction of mono- and bi-allelic sequence changes, and is used to generate induced human pluripotent stem cells with heterozygous and homozygous dominant mutations in amyloid precursor protein and presenilin 1 that have been associated with early onset Alzheimer’s disease.
- Dominik Paquet
- , Dylan Kwart
- & Marc Tessier-Lavigne
Letter | 20 April 2016
The crystal structure of Cpf1 in complex with CRISPR RNA
The crystal structure of monomeric Lachnospiraceae bacterium Cpf1 protein bound to CRISPR RNA is presented, establishing a framework for engineering LbCpf1 to improve its efficiency and specificity for genome editing.
- & Zhiwei Huang
Programmable editing of a target base in genomic DNA without double-stranded DNA cleavage
CRISPR/Cas9 DNA editing creates a double-stranded break in the target DNA, which can frequently generate random insertion or deletion of bases (indels); a new genome editing approach combining Cas9 with a cytidine deaminase is described here, which corrects point mutations more efficiently than canonical Cas9, while avoiding double-stranded breaks and indel formation.
- Alexis C. Komor
- , Yongjoo B. Kim
The CRISPR-associated DNA-cleaving enzyme Cpf1 also processes precursor CRISPR RNA
The CRISPR-associated protein Cpf1 from Francisella novicida is a novel enzyme with specific, dual-endoribonuclease–endonuclease activities in precursor crRNA processing and crRNA-programmable cleavage of target DNA.
- Ines Fonfara
- , Hagen Richter
- & Emmanuelle Charpentier
Letter | 10 February 2016
Structural basis for promiscuous PAM recognition in type I–E Cascade from E. coli
The structure of E. coli Cascade bound to foreign target DNA is presented, revealing the basis of the relaxed Cascade PAM recognition specificity, which results from its interaction with the minor groove, and demonstrating how a wedge in Cascade forces the directional pairing of the target strand with CRISPR RNA while stabilizing the non-target displaced strand.
- Robert P. Hayes
- , Yibei Xiao
- & Ailong Ke
Article | 16 September 2015
BCL11A enhancer dissection by Cas9-mediated in situ saturating mutagenesis
A CRISPR-Cas9 approach is used to perform saturating mutagenesis of the human and mouse BCL11A enhancers, producing a map that reveals critical regions and specific vulnerabilities; BCL11A enhancer disruption is validated by CRISPR-Cas9 as a therapeutic strategy for inducing fetal haemoglobin by applying it in both mice and primary human erythroblast cells.
- Matthew C. Canver
- , Elenoe C. Smith
- & Daniel E. Bauer
Article | 01 April 2015
In vivo genome editing using Staphylococcus aureus Cas9
The physical size of the commonly used Cas9 from Streptococcus pyogenes poses challenges for CRISPR-Cas genome editing systems that use the adeno-associated virus as a delivery vehicle; here, smaller Cas9 orthologues are characterized, and Cas9 from Staphylococcus aureus allowed targeting of the cholesterol regulatory gene Pcsk9 in the mouse liver.
Letter | 22 October 2014
In vivo engineering of oncogenic chromosomal rearrangements with the CRISPR/Cas9 system
The CRISPR/Cas system has been used to induce the Eml4 – Alk chromosomal inversion in mice, a characteristic chromosomal rearrangement seen in human non-small cell lung cancers; the mice developed lung cancer and responded to the ALK inhibitor crizotinib, which is used to treat lung cancer patients with the EML4–ALK rearrangement; this general strategy can be used to engineer other disease-associated chromosomal rearrangements in mice and potentially in other organisms.
- Danilo Maddalo
- , Eusebio Manchado
- & Andrea Ventura
Letter | 27 July 2014
Structural basis of PAM-dependent target DNA recognition by the Cas9 endonuclease
Crystal structure of the RNA-guided endonuclease Cas9 bound to a guide RNA and a target DNA duplex reveals how base-specific recognition of a short motif known as PAM in the DNA target results in localized strand separation in the DNA immediately upstream of the PAM, allowing the target DNA strand to hybridize to the guide RNA.
- Carolin Anders
- , Ole Niewoehner
News | 22 December 2012
Transgenic fish swims up regulatory stream
A fast-growing salmon moves closer to US approval after a fishy delay.
News | 14 November 2012
Pig geneticists go the whole hog
Genome will benefit farmers and medical researchers.
- Alison Abbott
News | 17 October 2012
Politics holds back animal engineers
Funds and approvals lag for transgenic livestock in US.
News | 02 October 2012
Animals engineered with pinpoint accuracy
More accurate genetic modification has created allergen-free cow's milk and pigs that could serve as a model for atherosclerosis.
Letter | 30 September 2012
Androgenetic haploid embryonic stem cells produce live transgenic mice
Mouse androgenetic haploid embryonic stem cell lines can be established by transferring sperm into an enucleated oocyte; the cells maintain haploidy and stable growth over 30 passages, express pluripotent markers, are able to differentiate into all three germ layers, contribute to germlines of chimaeras when injected into blastocysts and can produce fertile progeny that carry genetic modifications to the next generation.
- , Ling Shuai
- & Qi Zhou
News | 18 September 2012
Maize cells produce enzyme-replacement drug
A genetic tweak keeps problematic plant sugars off therapeutic proteins.
- Monya Baker
Review Article | 15 August 2012
Exploiting diversity and synthetic biology for the production of algal biofuels
- D. Ryan Georgianna
- & Stephen P. Mayfield
News | 22 July 2012
Artificial jellyfish built from rat cells
Reverse-engineered life form could be used to test drugs.
News | 17 July 2012
Florida abuzz over mosquito plan
Biotech firm’s bid to control dengue fever using genetically modified insects faces growing public opposition.
Editorial | 09 May 2012
Misplaced protest
Rothamsted's genetically engineered wheat should be allowed to grow.
Outlook | 25 April 2012
Vaccines: The take-home lesson
The nearly century-long search for a malaria vaccine might end in the bottom of a cup.
- Sarah DeWeerdt
Books & Arts | 15 February 2012
Q&A: Transgene curator
Next month in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, artist Richard Pell opens the Center for PostNatural History — a museum of bioengineered organisms. He talks about the joys and pitfalls involved in collecting genetically modified maize, mosquitoes and zebrafish.
- Jascha Hoffman
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Researchers call for individualized gene therapies to be more widely accessible
MIT Sloan Office of Communications
Aug 29, 2024
Innovations in regulation and payment models for individualized gene therapy and increased collaboration can improve the efficiency of developing individualized genetic medicines, reducing their per-patient cost and improving access for patients in need.
Cambridge, MA, August 29, 2024 – As gene and cell therapy and gene editing technologies continue to revolutionize the treatment of genetic diseases, a collaboration between researchers at MIT Sloan School of Management , Boston Children’s Hospital , Columbia University , and the N=1 Collaborative is focusing on how to make these groundbreaking treatments more affordable and accessible to patients worldwide.
In “ How to Pay for Individualized Genetic Medicines ”published on June 19 in Nature Medicine, the authors highlighted the need for sustainable, equitable models to deliver individualized genetic therapies, particularly for ultra-rare diseases that have historically been deemed commercially unviable under traditional biotech drug development models.
The article was authored by leading experts in gene and cell therapy, healthcare finance, and patient advocacy: Julia M. Y. Pian of Boston Children’s Hospital and the N=1 Collaborative; Nana Owusu of Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons; Julia Vitarello , co-founder of the N=1 Collaborative and founder of Mila’s Miracle Foundation; Winston X. Yan , president of the N=1 Collaborative; Andrew W. Lo , the MIT Sloan Charles E. and Susan T. Harris Professor and director of MIT Sloan’s Laboratory for Financial Engineering; and Timothy W. Yu of the Yu Lab at Boston Children’s Hospital and co-founder of N=1 Collaborative. Their collective expertise spans decades of groundbreaking work in the field, contributing to significant advancements in personalized medicine.
Key takeaways from the article include three insights on how to make individualized gene therapies more affordable and, therefore, more widely accessible:
- Efficiency Through Collaboration and Data Sharing : Drawing parallels to the evolution of organ transplantation, the researchers underscore the importance of collaboration among regulatory bodies, academic institutions, and industry. Sharing data and best practices can streamline the development process, improve safety and efficacy, and ultimately reduce costs.
- Regulatory Innovation : Regulatory frameworks need to be tailored to the unique nature of individualized genetic therapies. Recent legislative support includes the FDA Modernization Act 2.0, which eliminates the requirement for animal testing before clinical trials. Further regulatory innovation can create pathways for faster, more cost-effective development.
- Innovative Funding Models : To address the high upfront costs, the article proposes implementing/expanding several funding models specifically for individualized genetic medicine, including:
- Subscription Payment Model : Similar to the model used for Hepatitis C treatment, this approach decouples the number of patients from potential financial rewards, making ultra-rare disease treatments commercially viable.
- Procedural Billing : Viewing the development of gene therapies as a medical procedure could create a new revenue stream for academic and commercial organizations, fostering continued innovation.
One example the researchers cited is the significant upfront cost of individualized antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs)—estimated at $1.4 to $2 million over a one-to-two-year period for a single individual. Despite the high initial investment, the cost of manufacturing a lifetime supply of an ASO can be as low as $40,000 per patient.
Dr. Yu commented, “It’s early days, but one can foresee a time when such individualized therapies are commonplace. We owe it to patients to ensure they’re made as widely accessible as possible.”
Professor Lo added, “Individualized genetic therapies are now a scientific reality, offering hope to many patients with ultra-rare diseases. But to make these therapies routine, new systems must be developed to deliver them equitably and sustainably.”
The authors note that by improving cost efficiencies through collaboration, data sharing, and regulatory innovation, and by exploring innovative payment models, gene therapies can become a viable option for many patients in need.
About the MIT Sloan School of Management
The MIT Sloan School of Management is where smart, independent leaders come together to solve problems, create new organizations, and improve the world. Learn more at mitsloan.mit.edu .
IMAGES
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Genetic engineering articles from across Nature Portfolio. Genetic engineering is the act of modifying the genetic makeup of an organism. Modifications can be generated by methods such as gene ...
Genetic engineering is the use of molecular biology technology to modify DNA sequence(s) in genomes, using a variety of approaches. For example, homologous recombination can be used to target specific sequences in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell genomes or other cultured cells, but it is cumbersome, poorly efficient, and relies on drug positive/negative selection in cell culture for success.
Introduction. Gene therapy is a therapeutic strategy using genetic engineering techniques to treat various diseases. 1, 2) In the early 1960s, gene therapy first progressed with the development of recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology, 1) and was further developed using various genetic engineering tools, such as viral vectors. 3 - 5) More than ...
This Review discusses strategies for broad-based mouse phenomics, applied both to gene knockout collections and to diverse strains harbouring natural genetic variation. The authors discuss ...
Read the latest Research articles in Genetic engineering from Nature Genetics. ... Genetic engineering articles within Nature Genetics. Featured. Research Highlight | 13 June 2024.
Genetic Engineering coverage from Scientific American, featuring news and articles about advances in the field. ... Two research teams grew synthetic embryos using stem cells for long enough to ...
About the journal. Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology was published by Springer between 2019-2023. Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology is now published by Elsevier, effective January 2024. Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology is devoted to rapid publication of full-length research …. View full aims & scope.
Abstract. The diversity, modularity, and efficacy of CRISPR-Cas systems are driving a biotechnological revolution. RNA-guided Cas enzymes have been adopted as tools to manipulate the genomes of cultured cells, animals, and plants, accelerating the pace of fundamental research and enabling clinical and agricultural breakthroughs.
Genetic engineering. Download RSS feed: News Articles / In the Media / Audio. Displaying 1 - 15 of 23 news articles related to this topic. ... Collaborative research center funded by Lisa Yang and Hock Tan '75 blends engineering and neuroscience to advance molecular tools for treating brain disorders.
Genetically engineered bacteria can detect cancer cells in a world-first experiment. Dan Worthley, South Australian Health & Medical Research Institute. A proof-of-concept study using bacteria ...
GEB. A GEB is defined as a bacterium with the ability to efficiently express heterologous proteins or molecular compounds for a specific purpose after genetic engineering. As early as the 19th century, Coley revealed the therapeutic effects of inactivated bacterial mixtures in sarcoma therapy ( Coley, 1893 ).
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Manar A. Basheer, Khaled Abutaleb, Nermine N. Abed and Amal A. I. Mekawey. Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 2023 21 :127. Research Published on: 21 November 2023. The Correction to this article has been published in Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 2023 21 :164. Full Text.
Genetic engineering can be used in a diverse range of contexts, including research (e.g., to build model organisms), pharmacology (e.g., for insulin production) and agriculture (e.g., to improve ...
Genomic research has evolved from seeking to understand the fundamentals of the human genetic code to examining the ways in which this code varies among people, and then applying this knowledge to ...
First Patient Begins Newly Approved Sickle Cell Gene Therapy. A 12-year-old boy in the Washington, D.C., area faces months of procedures to remedy his disease. "I want to be cured," he said ...
Research Article. A Genetic Engineering Toolbox for the Lignocellulolytic Anaerobic Gut Fungus Neocallimastix frontalis . ... modify anaerobic fungi have remained limited due to inefficient methods for DNA uptake and a lack of characterized genetic parts. We demonstrate that anaerobic fungi are naturally competent for DNA and leverage this to ...
The procedure, performed last Friday, is a milestone in a long effort to boost the number of organs available for safe transplantation. From the laboratory to the table, researchers cooked bioengineered fungi into a tempting patty. The latest news and opinions in genetic engineering from The Scientist, the life science researcher's most trusted ...
Genetic engineering is the foundation of modern-day scientific research and has been implemented for varied applications, including the creation of multidrug-resistant biological warfare and the development of viral vectors that cure human blindness. The ability to alter an organism's genotype relies on the introduction and persistence of ...
Read the latest Research articles in Genetic engineering from Scientific Reports
Recent research has offered compelling evidence that enhancing photosynthetic systems through genetic engineering might offer a way to increase yield potential. The improvement in photosynthesis has received significant attention as a crop productivity optimization approach . Since most plant species share the same fundamental biochemical ...
GENETIC ENGINEERING. As discussed previously, an added benefit of SE is the development of a tissue culture system where regeneration from single cells is possible. Therefore, coupled with the extensive development of a commercial SE program, CellFor has an active research program in the genetic engineering of value-added traits in conifers. In ...
He stated that his research could help tamp down the HIV/AIDS epidemic; the most hard‐hit areas (such as Africa), however, would likely not gain much benefit from gene‐editing technologies. Per a December 2018 poll, 78 Americans draw the line at so‐called enhancement, but favor the use of genetic engineering to address disease and ...
Read the latest Research articles in Genetic engineering from Nature. Skip to main content. ... Genetic engineering articles within Nature. Featured. Article 10 July 2024 | Open Access.
The article was authored by leading experts in gene and cell therapy, healthcare finance, and patient advocacy: Julia M. Y. Pian of Boston Children's Hospital and the N=1 Collaborative; Nana Owusu of Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons; Julia Vitarello, co-founder of the N=1 Collaborative and founder of Mila's Miracle Foundation; Winston X. Yan, president of the ...
The genetic engineering of animals has increased significantly in recent years, and the use of this technology brings with it ethical issues, some of which relate to animal welfare — defined by the World Organisation for Animal Health as "the state of the animal…how an animal is coping with the conditions in which it lives" ().These issues need to be considered by all stakeholders ...
Previous research has found that high altitude is a major factor contributing to the phenotypic variation observed between highlanders and lowlanders in PNG, suggesting this to be the result of an adaptive response to the selective pressure exerted by hypoxia and highlighting the need for further studies to investigate the genetic basis of such ...