essay on digital literacy in punjabi

• Nishkam USA INC /

Digital Literacy in Punjab

A project of Nishkam USA INC

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Once the project goal is met:

Addressing Digital Literacy in Punjab

In 2020, the penetration rate of smartphones in India reached 54%, and was estimated to reach 96% in 2040. However, only 8% of Indian homes with a young child are estimated to have a PC with internet. Given this vast disparity, how are the young supposed to learn basic digital skills of working in an office and compete for the digital jobs of today and tomorrow?

To address this massive gap, Nishkam has decided to start a program in Sri Muktsar Sahib, Punjab, India that focuses on bringing young children and introducing them to some basic digital skills.

Details about this basic course: 

In batches of 10 and a maximum of 3 concurrent batches, students are taught the following for 1 hour a day (Mon to Fri) over 4 months:

• The use of MS Office (Word, Excel) and Google Docs
• How to surf the web and use search engine
• How to create an email address and use email
• How to create a resume and look for and apply for jobs online

Your Support is Needed

The cost of each such student is Rs 2,000 (approx USD 28) for the entire 4 months.

Our aim is for the children to realize the scope of the jobs and careers available in the current digital economy.

100% of your donations go towards the payment of the student fees that have been negotiated in bulk with a private computer institute in Sri Muktsar Sahib.

Current Status

We started in Jan 2022 with a capacity of 30 students at a time and our progress has been as follows:

• January to April 2022 - 30 students at Sri Muktsar Sahib. Graduated.
• May to August 2022 - 30 students at Sri Muktsar Sahib. Graduated.
• September to December 2022 - 30 students at Sri Muktsar Sahib. Graduated.
• March to June 2023 - 40 students (underway) at Sri Muktsar Sahib. Underway
• April to July 2023 - 10 students (underway) at our new participating center of Garhdiwala in Hoshiarpur District. Underway.

Thus, since January 2022, we are on track to bring basic digital literacy to 140 youngsters in Punjab. Barring any unforeseen circumstances, we should be able to achieve a milestone of graduating approximately 190 children by the end of the 2023 calendar year.

We look forward to your continued support.

Neha's Success Story

Dear Donors,

Neha from Sri Muktsar Sahib has scored a major success by securing a job in her home town of Sri Muktsar Sahib.

Your support of our Digital Literacy Program and the success of students like Neha, help us stay motivated and strive for even better results, each day.

Team Nishkam 

September 2024 Graduates

Here are some pics of the 40 youngsters that have graduated from our Digital Literacy Program from Sri Muktsar Sahib.

Your support continues to be invaluable in this regard

Team Nishkam

Young Grads of Our Basic Digital Literacy Program

Your continued support has helped 3 more youngsters secure their first jobs. Our teachers and students are hard at work and looking to expand the scope of this program to other higher-level skills soon.

We hope you will continue supporting us and our the young students in this ongoing journey.

Digital Literacy Update - April 2024

Your continued support has helped us start a new batch of 40 young scholars (April 2024) who will be taking their first steps on the path to Digital Literacy.

Thank you for your dasvand.

Digital Literacy Update March 2024

We are delighted to share this update where your donation, support and best wishes have helped us place 5 students in gainful employment.

With sincere thanks, we continue to look forward to your ongoing support.

Young Digital Scholar Sonia Joins Noble Coop Bank

🎉 Digital Literacy Champion! 🎉 Nishkam's digital literacy program has empowered a brilliant student to secure their dream IT job! Their determination and skills are proof that knowledge is power. We're incredibly proud to be a part of their success journey!

A big thanks to all our donors for making Sonia's dream come true.

💻🌟🎓 #NishkamDigitalLiteracy #ITConsulting #CareerSuccess #EmpowermentThroughEducation #BrightFutures #SriMuktsarSahib #Nishkam #Nishkamsewa #NishkamSikh #NishkamIndia #India

40+ New Students - Basic Digital Literacy Program

Respect Donors,

It is with tremendous gratitude we report that 42 new students have enrolled in the Nishkam Basic Digital Literacy program at Dri Muktdar Sahib. This program started this December and the students are expected to graduate in March 2024.

Your support continues to provide a vital lifeline in helping the children in Sri Muktsar Sahib take their first steps towards Digital Literacy.

Many thanks and stay blessed

40 Students Graduate - Nishkam Digital Lit. Prog.

We are pleased to report that 40 more scholars have completed the Nishkam Digital Literacy Program at Sri Muktsar Sahib, in Punjab India.

As a reminder, these students spent 4 months (July onwards) learning the basic ins and outs of MS Office, Google Docs, making a resume, looking for and applying for jobs online among others.

As this is Dasvand week, please note that DVNetwork is matching all donations up to $400. We look forward to your continued support.

Many thanks

3 More Digital Scholars Get Their First Jobs

Dear Nishkam Supporters,

We are excited to report that three more young digital scholars from our Basic Digital Literacy program in Sri Muktsar Sahib have started their first jobs.

Your support has helped us and our on-ground staff and will continue to do so in the future.

Gardhiwala, Hoshiarpur, September 2023 Batch

Dear Amazing Donors,

With your fantastic support, we have started 2 more batches comprising 20 children in the Basic Digital Literacy program at Gardhiwala in Hoshiarpur, Punjab.

With your continued support, we look forward to bringing Basic Digital Literacy to more children across Punjab.

First Batch of Students from Gardiwala, Hoshiarpur

Your consistent support has lead us to expand our program beyond the borders of Sri Muktsar Sahib to Hoshiarpur.

In April, we started with a single batch of 10 children in Gardhiwala in Hoshiarpur and are pleased to report that all 10 children selected showed extreme diligence and have graduated from the Basic Digital Literacy program.

Thank you for your continued support. We hope to further expand this program to additional locations in the next year.

Some of our New Students from our July 2023 Batch

Here are some pics of our new students that started their course in July 2023. We look forward to your continued support for them and additional students once these students graduate.

Another Student Secures Employent

Sandeep Kaur of Sri Muktsar Sahib, a student sponsored by Nishkam has secured employment as a Computer Operator at Shami Cloth House.

We thank you, our donors for making this possible.

3 More Students Commence Their First Jobs

Thank you, donors. Thanks to your support, 3 more young scholars of the Nishkam Digital Literacy Program have found their calling.

🎉 Digital Literacy Champions! 🎉 Nishkam's digital literacy program has empowered three brilliant students! Their determination and skills are proof that knowledge is power. We're incredibly proud to be a part of their success journey! 💻🌟🎓 #NishkamDigitalLiteracy #ITConsulting #CareerSuccess #EmpowermentThroughEducation #BrightFutures #SriMuktsarSahib

3 More Young Punjabis Secure Their First Jobs

🎉 Digital Literacy Champions! 🎉

Nishkam's digital literacy program has empowered three brilliant students to secure their dream of their first jobs! Their determination and skills are proof that knowledge is power. We're incredibly proud to be a part of their success journey! 💻🌟🎓

#NishkamDigitalLiteracy #ITConsulting #CareerSuccess #EmpowermentThroughEducation #BrightFutures #SriMuktsarSahib

Nishkam Digital Literacy Prog. Comes To Hoshiarpur

Thanks to your donations and words of encouragement, we have been able to expand our Basic Digital Literacy program to Garhdiwala, a  town in the district of Hoshiarpur in Punjab.

An initial batch of 10 students started their journey of Digital Learning on April 3, 2023.

We look forward to your continued support to the current and future students.

Poonam Lands her first Job

Your donation continues to produce wonderful results.

Poonam, who is a graduate of the Basic Digital Literacy Program has landed her first job at the local Voltas AC Service Centre as a computer operator.

We look forward to your continued support in giving hope to more such youngsters.

40 Children Start Their Digital Learning Journey

Thanks to your efforts dear donors, 40 children have started their digital learning journey in March 2023, in Sri Muktsar Sahib.

We look forward to sparking the desire of self-learning in these children.

Feb 2023 Batch Graduates

30 Children that joined us in November 2022 have graduated now. We wish with them well and much success.  We are now getting ready to welcome our next batch of students.

A big thanks to you, our donors for making this possible.

Manisha Lands Her First Job

Big congratulations to Manisha who landed her first job as a Data Entry Operator. We also thank you, our donors who made it possible for Manisha to take this step forward.

Nishu Lands Her First Job

Before Nishu graduates next month, she has been hired as a Computer Operator. We thank you, our donors and wish Nishu all the best in her future.

Thank You for An Amazing 2022

As we look back at 2022 we are humbled.

Without your support, we would not have been able to graduate 60 students from a Basic Digital Literacy program, provide 11 girls with their first jobs or be halfway to graduating another 30 students by Feb 2023.

Here are our Hall of Famers for 2022.

With the love and generosity that you have shown us, we have started to look at additional computer cities in other parts of Punjab so that we can bring Digital Literacy to other parts of the state too.

Once something is finalized, we will let you know

The Nishkam Team

Sonia - Our Sponsored Child her first Job

We are pleased to report that one more of our graduates of the Digital Literacy program has landed her fist job.

Young Sonia has been placed as a Computer Operator at a Dental Clinic in Sri Muktsar Sahib.

Many thanks for your continued support

Looking Ahead to 2023

Your generous support has allowed us to place 90 children on the path to Basic Digital Literacy. Currently, all the 90 children are from Sri Muktsar Sahib in Punjab, India.

Your support has given us the confidence to look beyond this one city and expand numbers. We have started to look for additional partner institutions. The only thing that is firm at this point in time is that we wish to expand the number of students in Sri Muktsar Sahib to at least 120 for 2023.

At approx $28 per student for 120 students, we would need donations of $3,360 for 2023.

Please donate generously and help spread the word.

Nishkam USA

30 More Children Complete Basic Digital Literacy

30 more children completed their Basic Digital Literacy program at Sri Muktsar Sahib, Punjab, India

Another Success Story

Success Story of a Nishkam Sponsored Student for the Basic Digital Literacy Program from Sri Muktsar Sahib 

Thanks to your support, we continue to see our learners succeed with each batch of our students.

Watch this YouTube video here

Best wishes & Thank you

This success story comes from the Nishkam Head Office in New Delhi where Nishkam runs a computer centre, library, clinic and music classes among other initiatives.

Young Kawalapreet had taken a computer course at a private computer institute and she further built up her skills in the field of graphic design by taking classes in the computer lab at Nishkam New Delhi.

We are very proud of her achievement of landing a job and starting her professional journey.

We continue to look to expand our efforts in Punjab in the number of students being exposed to Basic Digital Literacy as well as more advanced courses. We look forward to your assistance in our journey.

Another Student Successfully Placed

Thanks to our donors, supporters and the teachers we work with, we have another successful outcome with one of our students from the computer centre at Sri Muktsar Sahib.

Twenkle has been hired as a 'Computer Operator' at a medical store in Sri Muktsar Sahib.

Scholarships for Higher Education

Dear supporters,

Did you know that since the year 2000, Nishkam with its various partners has provided scholarships to over 8,000 school-going children and over 11,200 university-going students?

In order to keep this effort going, we have launched a fundraiser exclusively for "scholarships". More details on this program are available here:  https://dvnetwork.org/projects/nishkam-scholarships-for-university--school-students

Watch the video and please support our next generation.

Here is a top-level summary of Nishkam's track record in this space.

Second Cohort of 30 Children Commence Learning

The second cohort of 30 children have commenced learning at our centre in Sri Muktsar Sahib, Punjab.

Our sincere thanks to all our donors and supporters.

#nishkamseva #nishkamsikhs

First Batch of 30 Students of 2022 Graduates

Here are the pics of the first batch of children (30 in total) for the year 2022 that have graduated from the 4-month program. We thank of all you that have supported in making this a reality.

Next batch is to start next week.

Early Success With a Young Student

Congratulations to Simranjeet Singh on getting a job at MP Exim, Delhi as a Classification Agent Simarjit Singh has been successfully appointed as a classification agent at MP Action, Delhi. We hope that this is a start to a great career. Keep learning and growing. #congratulations #nishkamsewa #nishkamsikhs

Congratulations to Roopwinder Kaur on getting a job at the Daikin Service Centre, Sri Muktsar Sahib as a Computer Operator.

We hope that this is a start to a great career. Keep learning and growing. #congratulations #nishkamsewa #nishkamsikhs

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Dear Friends and Family,

There is amazing work happening in the Sikh community everyday. Only through our unwavering commitment to support the change-makers in the Sikh community can such initiatives continue to grow. Read more about this project here - Digital Literacy in Punjab

Please consider making a donation to help Digital Literacy in Punjab reach its goal. A donation of any amount goes a long way to support the work being done. Thank you for empowering and fueling the work of the Sikh sangat!

With Gratitude,

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• Punjabi argumentative essays

Punjabi argumentative essays focus on presenting a clear argument, supported by evidence, while engaging with diverse cultural, social, and historical contexts unique to Punjabi life. Writing these essays involves examining various perspectives within the Punjabi community, utilizing effective reasoning and persuasive language to strengthen the argument. Mastery of the Punjabi language and its nuances is crucial to crafting compelling arguments that resonate with readers both within and beyond the Punjabi-speaking world.

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Why is the intersection of technology and culture significant in Punjabi essays?

Which technique improves engagement in Punjabi argumentative essays?

What is the primary goal of a Punjabi argumentative essay?

Why is addressing counterarguments crucial in Punjabi argumentative essays?

Why are Punjabi academic essays important?

What is essential for crafting a Punjabi argumentative essay?

How can personal anecdotes enhance Punjabi essays?

Which factors are crucial for selecting engaging themes in Punjabi essays?

What are some contemporary themes in Punjabi argumentative essays?

What is a key component of strong arguments in Punjabi essays?

Which model aids in enhancing persuasive writing in Punjabi essays?

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Understanding Punjabi Argumentative Essays

Punjabi argumentative essays are an essential component of academic writing in the Punjabi language . They require you to present a viewpoint on a specific topic, supported by evidence. Understanding these essays can greatly enhance your ability to express thoughts clearly in Punjabi.

Defining Punjabi Argumentative Essays

Punjabi argumentative essays are structured to convince the reader of a particular stance. They involve presenting both sides of an argument while ensuring your position is the most compelling. These essays are typically composed of an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion.

An argumentative essay is a type of writing that presents a central argument and supports it with evidence and reasoning.

For instance, an argumentative essay might explore whether schools should implement uniform policies. In Punjabi, this would involve discussing cultural, economic, and social perspectives relevant to the Punjabi community.

Consider using transitional words and phrases to connect your points smoothly.

The essence of a Punjabi argumentative essay lies in addressing counterarguments. This not only demonstrates thorough understanding but also strengthens your main argument. By acknowledging and refuting opposing views, you reinforce your position, leading to a more persuasive essay. It’s crucial to research common counterarguments and prepare statements that effectively debunk them. This approach involves critical thinking and detailed analysis, skills highly valued in academic circles.

Importance of Punjabi Academic Essays

Punjabi academic essays hold significant importance in educational settings. They help you develop critical thinking, enhance language proficiency, and articulate ideas effectively. Through such essays, you can explore a wide array of topics pertinent to Punjabi culture and society.

Writing in Punjabi allows you to engage with the language on a deeper level. It promotes understanding of cultural nuances and encourages you to think from multiple perspectives. Learning to craft arguments in Punjabi strengthens your adaptability and broadens your communicative competence, skills that are transferable to various professional fields. Thus, proficiency in Punjabi academic essays not only benefits you academically but also enriches your personal growth.

Crafting Punjabi Argumentative Writing

Crafting a Punjabi argumentative essay requires attention to structure, clarity, and evidence-based reasoning. This kind of essay demands a detailed exploration of both sides of an argument, establishing your stance with a compelling narrative.

Punjabi Argumentative Essay Techniques

To excel in writing Punjabi argumentative essays, consider the following techniques: - Start with a clear thesis statement to guide your argument. - Use paragraphs to organize different points and ensure logical flow. - Support your claims with credible evidence, such as statistics or expert opinions. - Address counterarguments to strengthen your position. - Use rhetorical questions and varied sentence structures to engage readers.

For example, if arguing about the impact of technology on Punjabi traditions , present balanced viewpoints including both benefits and potential risks. Use evidence from cultural studies and technology reports.

Delving deeper into essay techniques, it is important to note the use of anecdotal evidence in Punjabi essays . Personal stories or cultural anecdotes can enhance the relatability of your arguments, providing a human touch that pure data may lack. Furthermore, the art of persuasion in Punjabi argumentative writing can be elevated by appealing to emotions, values, and shared cultural experiences. This not only captivates the reader but also builds a strong connection between the argument and the audience’s cultural context. Honing these techniques will contribute to the sophistication and persuasiveness of your essay.

Common Mistakes in Punjabi Essays

Avoiding common mistakes can significantly improve the quality of your Punjabi essays . - Lack of clarity: Ensure that your thesis and main points are explicitly stated. - Ignoring counterarguments: Address opposing views to demonstrate thorough understanding. - Poor organization: Use effective paragraph transitions to enhance flow and coherence. - Insufficient evidence: Back up claims with strong, relevant evidence to support arguments.

A frequent mistake in Punjabi argumentative essays is failing to adequately analyze sources. Instead of merely listing facts, interpret and explain their significance to your argument.

Edit and proofread your work to catch any grammatical errors and ensure clarity.

Another common pitfall is the over-reliance on personal opinions without proper substantiation. While personal insights are valuable, they must be balanced with empirical data to maintain the essay’s academic rigor. To avoid this, always correlate personal anecdotes with broader research findings, enhancing your credibility and the overall impact of your argument. Additionally, language proficiency can be improved by extensive reading and practice, leading to more persuasive and fluid essay writing. Constant practice allows you to develop a keen sense of identifying potential pitfalls in your writing, ensuring consistently high-quality essays.

Popular Punjabi Essay Themes

Punjabi essays often explore a rich tapestry of themes that reflect the cultural, social, and historical contexts unique to Punjabi society. These themes not only engage readers but also provide insightful analysis on various aspects of Punjabi life.

Selecting Engaging Punjabi Essay Themes

Choosing a captivating theme for your Punjabi essay is crucial for maintaining reader interest and achieving a high degree of engagement. Here are some strategies for selecting effective themes:

• Relevance: Choose topics that are meaningful and timely within the Punjabi context .
• Cultural significance: Themes that delve into Punjabi traditions , festivals, or music often resonate well.
• Controversy: Topics related to social issues or debates provoke thought and discussion.

A theme in the context of essay writing is the central topic or idea explored throughout the piece.

For example, exploring the theme of language preservation can provide an in-depth look at efforts to maintain the Punjabi language amidst globalization pressures.

Consider audience interests when selecting a theme to ensure it resonates on a personal level.

When selecting themes, it is vital to consider the impact of modern societal shifts on traditional Punjabi values. Over recent years, globalization, technology, and migration have introduced new dimensions to Punjabi culture. Essays that examine these evolving dynamics not only captivate readers but also contribute to a broader understanding of cultural assimilation and preservation. By incorporating these perspectives, you can create comprehensive essays that reflect the complexities of Punjabi society.

Contemporary Themes in Punjabi Argumentative Essays

Contemporary themes in Punjabi argumentative essays often reflect the most pressing issues faced by society today. These themes provide a platform for critical debate and discussion on current events and trends.

• Environmental challenges: Addressing the impact of climate change on Punjabi agriculture.
• Education reform: Exploring shifts in educational approaches in Punjab.
• Gender equality: Examining the evolving roles and rights of women in Punjabi culture.

A contemporary essay could challenge the current approaches to water conservation in Punjab, considering both traditional methods and modern techniques.

Staying updated with current affairs can help identify relevant themes for argumentative essays.

In delving deeper into contemporary themes, the intersection of technology and culture stands out as an influential area. Mobile connectivity, social media proliferation, and digital literacy are transforming Punjabi society. Essays that scrutinize the digital divide, access to technology, and online cultural expressions offer insightful perspectives on how technology reshapes identities and traditions. By addressing these aspects, you’re not only exploring figurative battlegrounds but also contributing to important conversations about technological integration and its cultural ramifications.

Techniques to Enhance Punjabi Argumentative Essays

Enhancing your Punjabi argumentative essays requires a combination of clear articulation, solid evidence, and effective structure. By focusing on these elements, you can create essays that are not only persuasive but also informative.

Developing Strong Arguments in Punjabi

Developing strong arguments in Punjabi is an essential skill for crafting high-quality essays. - Establish a compelling thesis statement to guide your audience. - Use logical reasoning to support claims. - Incorporate credible evidence, such as statistics or expert testimony, to substantiate arguments. - Tackle counterarguments thoroughly to show a deep understanding of the topic. - Engage your audience with varied sentence structures and rhetorical techniques.

A thesis statement is a concise summary of the main point or claim of an essay.

Consider an essay debating the significance of conserving Punjabi folk music. A strong argument might include evidence from studies highlighting its cultural impact and interviews with musicians discussing its relevance.

Focus on clarity and coherence when presenting arguments to ensure they are easily understood.

To enhance persuasive writing in Punjabi essays, consider employing the Toulmin model of argumentation. This approach helps break down arguments into manageable components such as claim, support, warrants, backing, rebuttal, and qualifier. By applying this model, you can systematically construct and deconstruct arguments, ensuring that all aspects are justified and clearly presented. This methodological approach not only clarifies your arguments but also facilitates a deeper engagement with the topic, enabling you to anticipate and counteract opposing views effectively. Understanding complex argumentative structures can significantly elevate the quality and impact of your essays.

Structuring Punjabi Essays Effectively

The structure of your Punjabi essay significantly influences how your arguments are perceived. - Begin with an introduction that outlines the topic and states your thesis. - Use body paragraphs to elaborate on individual points, each supporting the central argument. - Integrate transitions between paragraphs to maintain a smooth flow. - Conclude by summarizing key points and restating the thesis in light of the evidence presented.

If writing an essay on educational reforms in Punjab, structure the body to separately address primary, secondary, and higher education reforms and their impacts.

Draft an outline before writing to organize your ideas and ensure a logical structure.

In a deeper exploration of essay structuring, the incorporation of a thematic approach can be highly beneficial. This involves structuring paragraphs around specific themes or concepts rather than simply following a chronological order. For instance, when writing about economic developments in Punjab, one might explore themes such as industrialization, agriculture, and tourism as distinct sections. This thematic structuring not only facilitates a cohesive narrative but also allows for a more nuanced analysis of interconnected issues, providing a richer and more comprehensive understanding. Mastering this approach can greatly improve the depth and persuasiveness of your essays.

Punjabi argumentative essays - Key takeaways

• Punjabi Argumentative Essays: Structured to convince the reader by presenting both sides of an argument with a compelling stance.
• Essence of Punjabi Argumentative Writing : Involves addressing and refuting counterarguments to strengthen the main argument.
• Techniques for Punjabi Argumentative Essays: Use clear thesis statements, credible evidence, and address counterarguments to enhance persuasiveness.
• Importance of Punjabi Academic Essays: Develop critical thinking, language proficiency, and cultural understanding through exploration of relevant themes.
• Common Punjabi Essay Themes: Often incorporate cultural, social, and contemporary issues that engage the reader and provide insightful analysis.

Flashcards in Punjabi argumentative essays 12

It diminishes the importance of traditional religious practices.

Using rhetorical questions and varied sentence structures.

To convince the reader of a particular stance using evidence.

It shifts focus away from your main argument to confuse the reader.

They promote critical thinking and proficiency in Punjabi.

Advanced literary techniques without evidence.

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Literacy in the Digital Age and Pakistani Youth

• Ayesha Rehman Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
• Maheen Hashim Khan Burki Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Education, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
• Saima Khan Department of Communication and Media Studies, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan.

Digital and information technologies are being extensively used in education, and the market for ICT-enabled education is expanding. In the present study the impacts of digital technology on the general ability of students (15-24 years old) to perceive knowledge has been explored. The current generation is highly technologically literate. The expansion of technology in education has been facilitated by recent technical advancements and the rise in literacy. The present study focuses on research objectives; to access the impact of digital technology on literacy among Pakistani youth, to address the scope of digital expertise to improve the academic learning among students, to examine the obstacles being posed by excessive exposure to digital technology in the promotion of literacy. Purposive sampling was used to draw sample from the population. The population comprised the students of B.S & M.S/M.Phill. A sample of 110 students (n=110) was selected randomly from 5 Universities and in-depth interviews were conducted to structure results of the study. Results of the study revealed that digital tools have significant influence on the perceptive skills. It enhanced the confidence level in youth by developing communication and research skills. Academic performance of the students has improved to an extent but certain consequences are needed to be reconsider to acquire the significant impacts.

Aabo, S. (2005). The Role and Value of Public Libraries in the Age of Digital Technologies. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, Vol 37 (4), 205–211.

Alzahrani, M. G., & O’Toole, J. M. (2017). The Impact of Internet Experience and Attitude on Student Preference for Blended Learning. Journal of Curriculum and Teaching, Vol 6 (1), 65.

Bakbak, D. (2019). Investigation into information literacy and the use of web 2.0 technologies in a faculty of architecture. International Journal of Education and Practice, Vol 7 (4), 418-429.

Beavis, C., Apperley, T., Bradford, C., O’Mara, J., & Walsh, C. (2009). Literacy in the digital age: Learning from computer. English in Education, Vol 43 (2), 162-175.

Best, L. A., Buhay, D. N., McGuire, K., Gurholt, S., & Foley, S. (2016). Mobile Computing and Wireless Networks: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools, and Applications. In The Use of Web 2.0 Technologies in Formal and Informal Learning Settings (pp. 1150-1172). IGI Global.

Black, K. (2010). Business Statistics: Contemporary Decision Making, 6th edition. John Wiley & Sons.

Brown, J., Bryan, J., & Brown, T. (2005). Twenty-First Century Literacy and Technology in K-8 Classrooms. Journal of Online Education, Vol 1 (3).

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