decision making and problem solving in management pdf

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Decision Making and Problem Solving in Management

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Problem Solving for Decision Makers

By: Loren Gary

Solving problems is central to the work of a manager, and deficits in basic thinking skills can cripple an organization's ability to respond to opportunities. This six-step guide for making basic…

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• Publication Date: Dec 1, 1997
• Discipline: Negotiation
• Product #: U9712C-PDF-ENG

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Solving problems is central to the work of a manager, and deficits in basic thinking skills can cripple an organization's ability to respond to opportunities. This six-step guide for making basic business decisions recommends the following process: 1) define the problem, 2) identify the criteria, 3) weigh the criteria, 4) generate alternatives, 5) rate each alternative on each criterion, and 6) compute the optimal decision.

Dec 1, 1997

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Negotiation

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Decision Making: a Theoretical Review

• Regular Article
• Published: 15 November 2021
• Volume 56 , pages 609–629, ( 2022 )

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• Matteo Morelli 1 ,
• Maria Casagrande   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-4430-3367 2 &
• Giuseppe Forte 1 , 3  

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Decision-making is a crucial skill that has a central role in everyday life and is necessary for adaptation to the environment and autonomy. It is the ability to choose between two or more options, and it has been studied through several theoretical approaches and by different disciplines. In this overview article, we contend a theoretical review regarding most theorizing and research on decision-making. Specifically, we focused on different levels of analyses, including different theoretical approaches and neuropsychological aspects. Moreover, common methodological measures adopted to study decision-making were reported. This theoretical review emphasizes multiple levels of analysis and aims to summarize evidence regarding this fundamental human process. Although several aspects of the field are reported, more features of decision-making process remain uncertain and need to be clarified. Further experimental studies are necessary for understanding this process better and for integrating and refining the existing theories.

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Morelli, M., Casagrande, M. & Forte, G. Decision Making: a Theoretical Review. Integr. psych. behav. 56 , 609–629 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12124-021-09669-x

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Required Courses (2 — one offered each semester, Fall and Spring)

• Introductory Theory (CONRES623) This course examines the theories and assumptions underpinning the practice of negotiation and mediation. It identifies the major schools of thought that influence models in practice and shape research agendas. It examines theories critically, with three aims-uncovering implicit assumptions of practice, testing those assumptions against empirical evidence or other theories, and gleaning insights to assist practitioners.
• Negotiation (CONRES621) Negotiation is the bedrock skill in this field. This course addresses the development of negotiation techniques and fosters student knowledge of the substantial body of negotiation theory that is now available.

Electives (2 — one offered each semester, Fall and Spring; topics vary by semester — below is a sample of what may be offered) Sample Electives:

• Third Party Interventions Study a range of third-party interventions, from arbitration and ombuds work to mediation, dialogue, and circle processes, among others. Explore the underlying logic and theories of change beneath the various third-party interventions, as well as foundational questions of neutrality and positionality, and develop cross-cutting skills like conflict analysis, effective communication, and evaluation. Learn how various interventions work in practice, and explore cases, hear directly from practitioners, and practice through exercises and simulations in order to understand the strengths and drawbacks of different interventions for various contexts and types of conflict.
• Nonviolent Action In this online course, you will get an introduction to the foundational concepts and theories of nonviolent action, explore the research on its effectiveness, study cases from the United States and around the world of how it has worked even in very challenging or repressive contexts, and introduce tools to analyze and plan a campaign relying on nonviolent action to address an injustice or threat.
• Cross-Cultural Conflict (CONRES625) This course emphasizes the special characteristics of conflict based in religious, ethnic, national, or racial identity-conflicts that the field calls ''intractable.'' The primary focus of the course is on intervention techniques that have been used and that have been proposed for use in these settings.
• Collaborative Governance Actors in local, state, and federal governments must find ways to work collaboratively, manage conflicts, and build consensus on ways to address complex social programs with other public actors as well as with private and nonprofit organizations, citizen groups, and other stakeholders. This is often a challenging task, particularly when dealing with high conflict, competition, and distrust between stakeholders, and when practiced poorly can impede rather than promote effective action. On the other hand, collaboration can be vital to creating and implementing sustainable, successful policies.

At the end of this two-semester program, you’ll be awarded a graduate certificate in Conflict Resolution. The certificate will demonstrate your expertise in the field on your résumé, as well as in interviews and workplace evaluations. You can also apply for and transfer the 12 credits towards the 36 credit Master's degree in Conflict Resolution.

This certificate provides the theoretical foundations and practical skills to advance your current career trajectory or help you transition to a new one. You will gain a thorough grounding in the theory of conflict and its resolution. Through the program, you'll explore the social, psychological, political, structural, and cultural factors which give rise to conflict and shape its course, and gain an understanding of the effects of different types of conflict on people and the relationships among them. You will learn about conflict management and resolution methods relevant to a broad range of contexts and groups, including mediation, facilitation, negotiation, organizational change, and consensual decision making.

Alumni work in many fields, including business; government; education; health care; human resources; law; ministry; international humanitarian work; and individual, couples, and family counseling.

Why UMass Boston Online?

Among the lowest online tuition rates of an accredited, public research university.

Flexibility

Study full-time to finish fast, or part-time to suit your schedule. Live sessions scheduled with the working professional in mind.

Authenticity

The same courses taught by the same academic departments as on campus. No third-party providers.

Get the inside scoop on the program and connect with the people who run it.

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Accredited by Ministry of Research and Technology of Higher Education of Indonesia

2020 - 2025

Saiful Othman https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6345-6425?lang=en International Islamic University Malaysia Malaysia

Saiful Azlan Othman is a PhD candidate in Education at the Department of Social Foundation and Educational Leadership (DOSFEL), Kulliyyah of Education, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). His research interests include educational leadership, educational policy and educational development. Saiful aspires to become a leading scholar in the field of education and contribute to the development of innovative teaching and learning practices.

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Taking Charge in Time of Crisis: A Multi-Sites Case Study of School Leaders in Kedah, Malaysia

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Quality Risk Management for Sterile Products Training

Get in-house quality risk management for sterile products training delivered to your team. contact us..

Did you know we also offer quality risk management (non-dosage form specific) training? Improve your decision-making skills and better protect your company and the patient. View course details and dates.

About This Course

This course is designed to help QA, production and engineering staff make the right decisions when the unexpected occurs. Through a series of real-life scenarios, we train you to use a combination of risk-assessment techniques to gauge the risk to product and patients. Based on what you’ve learned, you’ll be asked to take the most appropriate actions to ensure that sustainable fixes are put in place to prevent reoccurrences. We can’t stop all problems from occurring, but we can help you to feel confident in dealing with them when they do.

Justifiable vs. Unjustifiable Risks

When things go catastrophically wrong, risk-based decision-making is relatively straightforward. However, things are rarely so black and white. The biggest challenge facing anyone in sterile products manufacture is dealing with the grey area problems that arise almost daily. These issues require decisions that are:

• Scientifically justifiable
• Based on an objective and realistic assessment of risk
• In compliance with regulatory requirements and expectations
• Good for your business

The objective of this risk assessment for sterile products course is to help you to improve your problem-solving and decision-making skills. The skills you learn could save your company millions in rejected product, regulatory censure or lost reputation.

Key Learning Objectives

Through practice, you are given the skills and confidence to deal with any situation and make the right risk-based decision no matter how challenging the scenario.

For example:

• High environmental counts in a Class A (viable and nonviable)
• Unexpectedly high pre-filtration bioburden counts
• Momentary drop in temperature and pressure during autoclave cycle
• Filling room occupancy higher than has been simulated during media fills
• HEPA filter integrity test failure during requalification
• Sterile filtration of solution takes longer than is permitted in the manufacturing instruction
• Higher than normal reject rate during visual inspection
• High microbial counts on hands of operator detected at exit monitoring
• Unplanned deviation from approved sterilizer loading pattern
• And many more

You also learn the right tools to use in the right situation to select the right data sets for each scenario.

Course Outline

This course provides a unique opportunity to improve your decision-making skills.

Lectures cover essential information on current EU and U.S. requirements for:

• Cleanrooms and controlled environments
• Sterilization processes
• Environmental monitoring (viable and nonviable)
• Process simulations
• Container integrity testing and visual inspection
• Environmental monitoring
• Personnel monitoring
• Cleaning and sanitization
• Risk management principles and the major risk assessment techniques, HACCP and FMEA

The Practice

In small working groups using the tools and techniques covered, you make decisions on a range of scenario situations.

Interested in Quality Risk Management for Sterile Products Training?

Gave me a good way to try and structure my thinking and document it.

Well presented course. Very good tutors with plenty of teamwork.

A-Z of Sterile Products Manufacture

GMP for Biological and Biotechnology Products

Quality Risk Management