the numerals in english grammar presentation

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English Numerals

Numerals in English is a part of speech that defines the number or the order of items.

There are simple numerals (1-12), derivative numerals (13-19) and composite numerals (for example: 21, 67, 147).

There are cardinal and ordinal numerals in the English language.

1) Cardinal numerals show the number of certain items. They correspond to the interrogative word “How many?”

2) Ordinal numerals are used to show the order of items. They correspond to the question starting with the word “Which?”

Such words as “a hundred”, “a thousand” and “a million” are nouns, not numerals. If these words are used in a singular form, they always go with the indefinite article “a” or the numeral “one”.

Let’s give some examples:

These words are not used with the plural ending:

Still, the following words could have the plural ending:

Thus, words “a hundred”, “a thousand” and “a million” could have the plural ending, if they are followed with the “of” preposition and a noun.

3) In a sentence numbers are usually used as attributes.

4) Numerals could have any function in a sentence if they don’t have any defined words.

• Grammar Rules
• Numbers & Counting

The Numeral in English Grammar

June 17, 2014, 12:00 pm

Belonging to a closed class of words, determiners provide information such as familiarity, location, quantity, and number about a noun or noun phrase. Determiners differ in form and function from adjectives, which describe attributes of nouns and noun phrases. Similar to quantifiers , numerals are counting numbers such as one , two , three , and four that provide information about the amount of a word or phrase. Some grammars consider numerals as a subcategory of quantifiers.

Using Numerals

Like other determiners, numerals perform the grammatical function of determinative . Numerals indicate the number of quantity of another word or phrase. For example:

• Two birds ate four cherries.
• I have one child.
• The merchant sold seven ripe yellow bananas.
• The choir consists of 153 tone-deaf singing nuns.

Numerals may appear within determiner phrases. For example:

• Six of the children failed the exam.
• She enjoyed all four of the movies.
• Pick out any three books.
• We washed some of the 20 windows.

Numerals are counting numbers such as one , two , three , and four that provide information about the amount of a word or phrase.

Numerals in English grammar are determiners that provide information about the amount of a word or phrase.

Numeral is a grammatical form. The grammatical function performed by numerals is determinative.

Numerals are counting numbers such as one , two , three , and four .

Brinton, Laurel J. & Donna M. Brinton. 2010. The linguistic structure of Modern English , 2nd edn. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company. Hopper, Paul J. 1999. A short course in grammar . New York: W. W. Norton & Company. Huddleston, Rodney. 1984. Introduction to the grammar of English . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

determinative determiner numeral quantifier

The Quantifier in English Grammar

Grammatical Forms of English Determiner Phrases

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Number: types, rules & examples.

In grammar, the number refers to the count of a noun or pronoun. Example:    Boy-boys, wife-wives, my-our, ox-oxen, it-they, etc.

Types of Number:

Two types exist

Singular Number

Plural number.

It refers to the count of only one of a noun or pronoun.

Example: pen, table, aunt, father, goose, etc.

It refers to the count of more than one of a noun or pronoun.

Example: pens, tables, aunts, fathers, geese, etc.

How to change number

Numerous RULES are there to change the number from singular to plural. They are as follows-

In general “s” is used at the end of a singular noun to make it plural

If  there exist s, sh, ch, x and z in the end, “es” gets to be used.

 Rule 3:

While  pronunciation of ch is like “k”, just “s” is added at the end

Part 1: when there’s a “y” in the end  and a Consonant before that “y”, “i” substitutes it  and an “es” thereafter.

Part 2: but if there’s a vowel ahead of  that “y”, no need to change it, only “s” to add.

“v” replaces f or fe and then adds an “es” to finish it.

Part 1 : “es” to be added if the noun is finished by “o” and a consonant places ahead .

Part 2: but when there’s a vowel before that “o”, only “s” is enough.

Exception 1:  though there’s an “o” and a consonant ahead of  it, some nouns use only “s”.

Exception 2: for some, “s” and “es” both are correct.

Some require changing the middle-vowel of the word to make it plural.

Some  require en, ren and ne to add at last.

Part 1 :   if “man” means human being in a compound noun(a  noun that contains two or more words that jointly make a single noun), “men”replaces that “man”.

Part 2: but when “man” is just a part of the word, or it  refers to any ethnic group, race or civilian, there comes “s”.

“s” to be added when there’s a “ful” in the end.

Part 1: If compound noun contains several words,  “s” comes to join  with the main part of that noun.

Part 2: in some cases,“s”comes in every part to make it so .

Besides, adding “s” only  in the end gets it done for few.

Some singular nouns have no plural form, only used in singular.

Adversely, some  are always used as a plural form.

Though some nouns seem like singular, but actually they are plural.

Similarly, some nouns seem like plural though they are singular.

Some have the same singular and plural form.

In case of letters, numbers and other symbols, it takes an apostrophe and s to change it.

There is no specific rule for changing the number of pronouns. It’s all about memorizing.

• Number Exercise & Practice with Explanation

Independent Clause with Examples

Irreversible Binomials: Definition, Types with examples

Past participle : definition, usages and examples.

Linking Verbs: Definition, Examples and Lists

Parallel structure: definition & examples.

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Number in English Grammar: Check Out the Types, Rules, and Examples of Numbers in Grammar!

English grammar is the basis of English. If you are not aware of the rules and uses of grammar in English, you can’t be fluent in the language. Grammar is something that gives meaning, shape, and direction to your sentences.

Are you stressed about the usage of numbers in grammar? Well, the number is just a grammatical category. When we talk about the usage of numbers in English, the two number categories are singular and plural. Both of these number categories are related to the grammar aspects including verbs, nouns, pronouns, and determiners. In simple words, all the grammar ethics like noun, pronoun, verb, or determiner can be described as singular or plural.

The numbers are a grammatical contrast between singular and plural. If you want to get all the knowledge about the meaning, types, and functions of numbers in English grammar , you should go ahead and read this article.

You will get all the knowledge along with the examples so that you not only understand but implement the number categories in your sentences. Remember, you can use a certain aspect confidently once you have a proper understanding of it. So, begin reading this article to get the perfect acknowledgement and understanding.

Also Read: What is a Collective Noun? Let’s Learn the Concept With the Help of Examples!

Number in English Grammar

Numbers in grammar refers to the singular and plural contrast between verbs, nouns, pronouns, and determiners. All of the states can be represented in the singular as well as plural form with the help of numbers. The examples and rules given below in the article will give you more appropriate knowledge about the number functions.

You must be aware that numbers help to denote the quantity of more or less. If you don’t have perfect knowledge regarding the usage of numbers in your sentences, you can not refer to something according to quantity in your sentence. So, let’s begin with the understanding of the number types as well as the number rules to speak, write, read, and listen perfectly in English.

Number in English Grammar Examples

Go through the following examples to understand the role and functions of numbers. You must also know about one interesting quirk of English grammar that zero is counted in the plural. For example, zero cats. You must remember this rule to use it in your writing or speaking.

Also Read: Types of Nouns: Definitions of All The Nouns with Examples

Number Types

The numbers in grammar are used in two types. These include singular and plural. Singular is the count for only one usage of a pronoun or noun. For example, father, pen, aunt, etc. Whereas plural refers to the count of more than one for any grammar aspect like noun or pronoun.

For example, aunts, tables, pens, etc. The examples are given below according to the pronouns, nouns, and determiners. So, go ahead with the examples and understand them for each aspect.

Also Read: Direct and Indirect Speech: Get to Know the Rules and Application with Examples

Number Rules

The number rules are given below along with the examples. Let’s check them out to use them in our communication.

Generally, you can use “s” at the end of a singular noun to make it plural.

#. Singular- Plural

#. Pen- Pens

#. Cat- cats

#. House- Houses

#. Dog- Dogs

#. Mobile- Mobiles

You must use “es” at the end if there exist s, sh, ch, x, and z in the end.

Singular- Plural

#. Bus- Buses

#. Dish- Dishes

#. Branch- Branches

#. Fox- Foxes

#. Fez- Fezes

The letter “s”While is added at the end. However, the pronunciation of “ch” is “k” .

#. Monarch- Monarchs

#. Patriarch- Patriarchs

#. Matriarch- Matriarchs

#. Stomach- Stomachs

#. Hierarch- Hierarchs

Part 1: When there’s a “y” in the end and a Consonant before that “y”, “i” substitutes it and an “es” thereafter.

#. Story- Stories

#. Hobby- Hobbies

#. Army- Armies

#. Fly- Flies

#. Baby- Babies

Part 2: But if there’s a vowel ahead of that “y”, no need to change it, only “s” to add.

#. Donkey- Donkeys

#. Toy- Toys

#. Day- Days

#. Joy- Joys

#. Play- Plays

“v” replaces f or fe and then adds an “es” to finish it.

#. Thief – Thieves

#. Wife- Wives

#. Knife- Knives

#. Wolf- Wolves

#. Leaf- Leaves

Part 1: “es” to be added if the noun is finished by “o” and a consonant places ahead.

#. Hero- Heroes

#. Mango- Mangoes

#. Zero- Zeroes

#. Potato- Potatoes

#. Echo- Echoes

Part 2: but when there’s a vowel before “o”, only “s” is enough.

#. Cuckoo- Cuckoos

#. Bamboo- Bamboos

#. Studio- Studios

#. Portfolio- Portfolios

#. Cameo- Cameos

Exception 1: Though there’s an “o” and a consonant ahead of  it, some nouns use only “s”.

#. Photo- Photos

#. Piano- Pianos

#. Radio- Radios

#. Canto- Cantos

#. Memo- Memos

Exception 2: for some, “s” and “es” both are correct.

#. Mosquito- Mosquitos/mosquitoes

#. Commando- Commandos/commandos

#. Portico- Porticos/porticoes

#. Calico- Calicos/calicoes

#. Memento- Mementos/mementoes

Some require changing the middle-vowel of the word to make it plural.

#  Man- Men

#. Woman- Women

#. Foot- Feet

#. Mouse- Mice

#. Tooth- Teeth

Some require en, ren and ne to add at last.

Singular- plural

#. Ox- Oxen

#. Child- Children

#. Brother- Brethren (brothers also correct)

#. Cow- Kine (cows also correct)

#. Sister- Sistren (sisters also correct)

Part 1:  if “man” means human being in a compound noun(a  noun that contains two or more words that jointly make a single noun), “men”replaces that “man”.

singular- plural

#. Fisherman- Fishermen

#. Workman- Workmen

#. Boatman- Boatmen

#. Man-of-war- Men-of-war

#. Salesman- salesmen

Part 2: but when “man” is just a part of the word, or it  refers to any ethnic group, race or civilian, there comes “s”.

#. Musalman- Musalmans

#. Brahman- Brahmans

#. German- Germans

#. Norman- Normans

“s” to be added when there’s a “ful” in the end.

#. Handful- Handfuls

#. Mouthful- mouthfuls

#. Spoonful- Spoonfuls

#. armful- Armfuls

#. cupful- cupfuls

Part 1: If a compound noun contains several words,  “s” comes to join  with the main part of that noun.

#. Brother-in-law- Brothers-in-law

#. Passers-by- Passers-by

#. Step-brother- Step-brothers

#. Commander-in-chief- Commanders-in-chief

#. Maid-servant- Maid-servants

Part 2: in some cases,“s”comes in every part to make it so.

#. Lord-justice- Lords-justices

#. Man-servant- Men-servants

#. Woman-servant- Women-servants

Besides, adding “s” only  in the end gets it done for a few.

#. Book-shelf- Book-shelves

#. Book-case- Book-cases

#. Major-general- Major-generals

#. Poet-laureate- Poet-laureates

#. Forget-me-not- Forget-me-nots

Some singular nouns have no plural form, only used in singular.

#. Furniture

#. expenditure

Adversely, some  are always used as a plural form.

#. Scissors

#. Trousers

#. Spectacles

Though some nouns seem like singular, but actually they are plural.

#. Government

#. Peasantry

Similarly, some nouns seem like plural though they are singular.

#. Politics

Some have the same singular and plural form.

In case of letters, numbers and other symbols, it takes an apostrophe and s to change it.

#. Kell, write your g’s and y’s clearly.

#. Kim, add two 5’s and three 8’s.

There is no specific rule for changing the number of pronouns. It’s all about memorizing.

#. Singular- I, my, me, mine, he/she, you.

#. Plural- we, our, ours, us, you, they

#. Singular- him/her, your, this, that, it, his/her

#. Plural- them, your, these, those, their, they.

Therefore, go through all of these number rules to understand their functions properly. They make a huge difference in a sentence if used wrongly. If you have understood them properly, you will avoid making mistakes in this part. So, make use of your learning by practicing.

Also Read: Interjection in English Grammar: Let’s Discuss Some Rules and Usage in Daily Life

Grammar is the most important thing when it comes to English learning . All the candidates thinking about learning English proficiently have to first learn about the grammar aspects perfectly. This is crucial because, without grammar, no sentence can make sense. You can not show your perceptions or thoughts to someone because of the lack of grammar information.

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Writing Numbers

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Although usage varies, most people spell out numbers that can be expressed in one or two words and use figures for numbers that are three or more words long. Note: If you are using a specific citation style, such as MLA or APA , consult the style manual for specific formatting instructions.

Here are some examples of specific situations:

Days and Years

Time of Day

Identification Numbers

Page and Division of Books and Plays

Decimals and Percentages

Large Round Numbers

Notes on Usage

Repeat numbers in commercial writing.

Use numerals in legal writing.

Numbers in series and statistics should be consistent.

Write out numbers beginning sentences.

Use a combination of figures and words for numbers when such a combination will keep your writing clear.

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What Is Number?

Table of Contents

Easy Examples of Number

Real-life examples to explain number, zero is plural, why number is important.

• That man stalks her.
• They smoke those leaves.
• A balanced diet means a cupcake in each hand.
• It's simple. If it jiggles, it's fat. (Arnold Schwarzenegger)
• I love my six-pack so much, I protect it with a layer of fat.
• "Revenge" sounds mean, which is the reason I call it "returning the favour."
• Dogs seek masters. Cats seek waiters.
• When policemen on bikes arrest people, do they put them in their baskets?
• They succeed because they think they can. (Roman poet Virgil)
• If women ran things, we wouldn't have wars, just intense negotiations every 28 days. (Actor Robin Williams)
• 0 dogs ( plural noun)
• 1 dog (singular noun)
• 2 dogs (plural noun)
• 3 dogs (plural noun)
• French: chien malodorant becomes chiens malodorants
• German: stinkender Hund becomes stinkende Hunde
• Spanish: perro maloliente becomes perros malolientes

Determiners agree in number with nouns

• This love is silent. (Playwright TS Eliot)
• These accolades get in the way. (Singer Bob Dylan)

Determiners agree in number with pronouns

• I write my own quotations...except this one . I stole this one from somebody really clever. (Author Brian Celio)
• I want to be one of those ones : a legend. (Rapper Ty Dolla Sign)

Nouns agree in number with verbs

• A fly flies .
• Flies fly .

Pronouns agree in number with verbs

• Everything is self-evident. (French philosopher Rene Descartes).
• Some are wise and some are otherwise. (Poet Tobias Smollett)

(Issue 1) Make sure "these" and "those" agree with their noun.

(Issue 2) Don't make the wrong noun agree with the verb.

(issue 3) be aware that terms like "along with" and "together with" do not increase the number..

(Issue 4) Be aware that "or" and "nor" do not increase the number.

(issue 5) treat "either" and "neither" as singular., (issue 6) be aware that collective nouns can be singular or plural., (issue 7) be aware that "none" can be singular or plural., (issue 8) be aware that terms "like half of," "the majority of," and "a percentage of" can be singular or plural., (issue 9) treat "a number of" as plural, but "the number of" as singular., (issue 10) be aware that terms like "all of" and "some of" can be singular or plural., (issue 11) treat "each of" as singular..

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The numeral is a part of speech that indicates the number or the order of persons and things in a series.

One, two three Eleven, Twelve, Nineteen Twenty, Thirty Thirty-five, Ninety-nine Two-Third, One-third Seven point five eight First, Second, Third, Fifth

Accordingly, numerals are divided into cardinals (cardinal numerals) and ordinals (ordinal numerals).

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• Numbers 1-100 in English

Listen to the pronunciation of the numbers from 1 to 100.

The numbers from 1 to 100 in English are:

• 1 – one
• 2 – two
• 3 – three
• 4 – four
• 5 – five
• 6 – six
• 7 – seven
• 8 – eight
• 9 – nine
• 10 – ten
• 11 – eleven
• 12 – twelve
• 13 – thirteen
• 14 – fourteen
• 15 – fifteen
• 16 – sixteen
• 17 – seventeen
• 18 – eighteen
• 19 – nineteen
• 20 – twenty
• 21 – twenty-one
• 22 – twenty-two
• 23 – twenty-three
• 24 – twenty-four
• 25 – twenty-five
• 26 – twenty-six
• 27 – twenty-seven
• 28 – twenty-eight
• 29 – twenty-nine
• 30 – thirty
• 31 – thirty-one
• 32 – thirty-two
• 33 – thirty-three
• 34 – thirty-four
• 35 – thirty-five
• 36 – thirty-six
• 37 – thirty-seven
• 38 – thirty-eight
• 39 – thirty-nine
• 40 – forty
• 41 – forty-one
• 42 – forty-two
• 43 – forty-three
• 44 – forty-four
• 45 – forty-five
• 46 – forty-six
• 47 – forty-seven
• 48 – forty-eight
• 49 – forty-nine
• 50 – fifty
• 51 – fifty-one
• 52 – fifty-two
• 53 – fifty-three
• 54 – fifty-four
• 55 – fifty-five
• 56 – fifty-six
• 57 – fifty-seven
• 58 – fifty-eight
• 59 – fifty-nine
• 60 – sixty
• 61 – sixty-one
• 62 – sixty-two
• 63 – sixty-three
• 64 – sixty-four
• 65 – sixty-five
• 66 – sixty-six
• 67 – sixty-seven
• 68 – sixty-eight
• 69 – sixty-nine
• 70 – seventy
• 71 – seventy-one
• 72 – seventy-two
• 73 – seventy-three
• 74 – seventy-four
• 75 – seventy-five
• 76 – seventy-six
• 77 – seventy-seven
• 78 – seventy-eight
• 79 – seventy-nine
• 80 – eighty
• 81 – eighty-one
• 82 – eighty-two
• 83 – eighty-three
• 84 – eighty-four
• 85 – eighty-five
• 86 – eighty-six
• 87 – eighty-seven
• 88 – eighty-eight
• 89 – eighty-nine
• 90 – ninety
• 91 – ninety-one
• 92 – ninety-two
• 93 – ninety-three
• 94 – ninety-four
• 95 – ninety-five
• 96 – ninety-six
• 97 – ninety-seven
• 98 – ninety-eight
• 99 – ninety-nine
• 100 – one hundred *

* 100 can be said as one hundred or a hundred .

Notice that you need to use a hyphen (-) when you write the numbers between 21 and 99.

Summary Chart

Numbers 1-100 practice.

What number is this?

Números 1-100 en inglés (for Spanish Speakers)

English Resource

We have a copy of this numbers chart that can be used in the classroom or at home:

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To be - present tense.

• Subject Pronouns in English
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• To Be with Country and Nationality
• To Be + Age
• What's your address?
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• To Be + Profession

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Fractions and Decimals

Introduction.

We use fractions to indicate partial amounts. They are not just used in mathmatics but also in recipes (½ litre water). Decimals are separated by a decimal point.

Construction

We use both cardinal and ordinal numbers to create fractions. The numerator (the numeral above the line) is always a cardinal number. The denominator (the numeral below the line) is always an ordinal number.

Exceptions:

Numerators Greater Than One

When a numerater is greater than one, we use the denominator in plural (we add an s ).

Writing Fractions

Fractions can be written in two different ways:

• There is a slash bewteen the two numerals. Example: 2/5 – two fifths 7/3 – seven thirds
• – seven thirds

Decimal Numbers

Decimal numbers are written with a decimal point. The digits after the decimal point are said separately.

Singular and Plural with Fractions and Decimals

If we want to say exactly what the fraction or decimal refers to and the value is less than one, we use the contruction of a + singuar noun. (except for 1/2, see last example)

If the value of the fraction or decimal is greater than one, the numeral is followed directly by a plural noun .

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