s 52 presentation library edition 4.0

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Checking the IHO S-52 Presentation Library edition 4.0 in ECDIS Background -IHO ECDIS Data Presentation and Performance Check

Related Papers

Zakirul Bhuiyan

Abstract: For the optimum situational awareness, navigators must recognise the level of display for objects presented when using Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS). The appearance and content of data displayed may be changed by the different settings as the display is generated in line with IHO Presentation Library (S-52) specifications. Improper management of the system may result in the anti-grounding alarms and other indications failing to activate as required for the safe conduct of the navigation. Navigators must exercise extreme caution when using the scale or zoom facility of the electronic charts. It is possible to zoom-in to a scale larger than that used in the compilation of the data which could create a false impression about the reliability of the charted information. Consequently, it could give a false impression of safe waters around the vessel where some dangers may not be shown due to the limitations imposed by original chart scale. Appropriate safety settings are of paramount importance for ECDIS display. Failings in appropriate settings have recently resulted a few grounding incidents (e.g. CSL Thames and LT Cortesia). The values for the safety depth and safety contour must be understood and entered to achieve a sensible and considered meaning. The navigators must remember that the display of underwater obstructions or isolated danger symbols can change according to the settings of this safety contour which also marks the division between " safe " and " unsafe " water. Additionally, the shallow contour could be utilised to indicate the gradient of the seabed (adjacent to a channel) and the deep contour to indicate the depth of water in which own ship may experience squat and interaction. This paper recognises the limitations of ECDIS display, the significance of appropriate safety settings as well as the alarm management.

Gabriel Materiales

Dmytro Stryzhkov

The International Hydrographic Review

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The International Centre for ENCs (IC-ENC) was set up in 2002 with a remit to harmonise the production and distribution of high quality ENCs. This Note provides an insight into IC-ENC, its validation processes, and the new ENC Validation Training Course.

Ian Russell

Chapter V Regulation 9 of the SOLAS Convention, annexed for reference, requires contracting governments to provide hydrographic services. Many signatories cannot provide these unaided. This is despite the fact that new cruise ship itineraries and trade routes are being established in their waters for increasingly larger and deeper draught vessels. This article reviews a number of chart related casualties. These demonstrate that no chart, paper or digital, is infallible. This emphasizes the urgent need for new and better hydrographic data collection in some key oceanic areas. Potential innovative solutions for data acquisition and hydrographic capacity building strategies are considered.

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Arquitectura civil, barroca e novecentista. Edifício de planta em U, evoluindo em três pisos que acompanham o desnível do terreno, com fachadas rematadas em dupla cornija. A fachada principal mostra alguma assimetria na disposição dos vãos e também diferenciação de registos, de alturas diferentes, sendo a parte esquerda, mais equilibrada na distribuição dos vãos, correspondentes a um portal com frontão encimado por duas janelas também com frontão, de perfil barroco. No interior surgem vários silhares de azulejos com guarnição em concheados, acusando vocabulário rococó. DESCRIÇÃO Planta, em U, com 3 pisos que se desenvolvem em socalcos, acompanhando o desnível do terreno, de volumes articulados de disposição horizontal e coberturas diferenciadas em telhados de quatro águas. O piso inferior, corresponde ao embasamento, liga-se ao morro formando um chavetão, cujos braços só aparecem no andar nobre. Fachadas rebocadas e pintadas de branco, de vãos maioritariamente rectilíneos com a modinatura em cantaria. Fachada principal voltada a S., evolui em dois e três registos definidos pelo friso simples de cantaria, que acompanham o desnível do terreno, ficando à esquerda mais baixo, entre dois cunhais apilastrados o portal principal, correspondente à antiga portaria do colégio, curvilíneo, de moldura recortada, com pendentes, encimado por frontão recortado, sobreposto por cornija curva, protegido por portão de duplo batente, com bandeira, em ferro forjado, e recortado, bastante trabalhado, tendo na bandeira uma águia bicéfala, emblema da ordem; sobre o portal, abrem-se duas janelas com frontão de aletas volutadas, sobreposto por cornija angular. Seguindo-se à sua direita um pano com três registos, sendo cego o inferior e terminando junto à parede de suporte do terraço superior, aberto por uma janela no registo intermédio e por três no superior; à direita já ao nível do terraço superior, prolonga-se a fachada, mais ampla com dois registos com alguma irregularidade na distribuição dos vãos, abrindo-se no registo inferior, duas janelas, e um porta de duplo batente com almofadados, em madeira pintada de verde, no superior, correspondente ao andar nobre, abrem-se treze janelas, sendo

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arezo nahavandi

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How to check ECDIS displays the latest symbols, IHO S-52 Presentation Library 4.0

All ECDIS should have been upgraded to the new IHO S-52 Presentation Library edition 4.0 by August 31st 2017.

IMO SN Circ 266 rev1 states;

ECDIS that is not updated for the latest version of IHO Standards may not meet the chart carriage requirements as set out in SOLAS regulation V/19.2.1.4.

Once upgraded there is no need to use the IHO Check Data Set to check that symbols are being displayed correctly.

To check that the ECDIS is correctly displaying the new symbols, the Mariner can check ECDIS Chart 1. ECDIS Chart 1 is a legend of the entire set of symbols that may be used within an ENC. It is installed on all type approved ECDIS systems.

Only ECDIS updated to IHO Presentation Library edition 4.0 will be able to show the new ENC symbols. 

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Understanding ENCs: A guide to symbols and abbreviations in ECDIS

Helping mariners to navigate confidently.

Digital navigation allows today’s mariners to navigate and dock vessels with even greater confidence and precision than ever before.

With the use of Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS), seafarers can navigate in real time using Electronic Navigational Charts (ENCs) from official services such as ADMIRALTY Vector Chart Service (AVCS) .

When navigating with ECDIS, it’s important that mariners are confident in interpreting ENC symbology and how it relates to the area in which they’re operating. Below you can find information on how ENC symbols are displayed on ECDIS and useful resources to help you understand the symbols and abbreviations used in these charts. 

How are ENC symbols displayed on ECDIS?

Historically, it has been the task of highly skilled cartographers to present accurate and reliable information on ADMIRALTY paper charts. However, when it comes to ENCs, the responsibility for the portrayal of navigational information is controlled by the  International Hydrographic Organization’s S-52 standard .

S-52 is a standard used by ECDIS manufacturers that determines how ENC data is displayed on screen. This means that what the mariner sees on the screen is displayed in the same way across all type-approved makes and models of ECDIS. An important part of this standard is the S-52 Presentation Library 4.0.

What is the Presentation Library in ECDIS?

The IHO S-52 Presentation Library contains instructions to ECDIS manufacturers for the ‘drawing engine’ within the ECDIS on how to display symbols, colours and line styles on the screen. For example, this could include the size and shape of particular symbols the mariner sees on their ENC.

It is essential for all users to make sure their ECDIS is using the latest Presentation Library to remain SOLAS-compliant. This ensures that all ENC symbols are appearing accurately and consistently on screen.

What is ECDIS Chart 1?

ECDIS Chart 1 is a legend of the entire set of symbols that may be used within an ENC and is installed on all type-approved ECDIS systems. For a graphical way to establish whether your ECDIS is up to date, the mariner can use ECDIS Chart 1 to review the new symbols introduced in IHO S-52 Presentation Library Edition 4.0.

Understanding ENC symbols

We’ve made available a number of guides to help you understand both the traditional and simplified forms of ENC symbols displayed in ECDIS. These are available as paper publications and as ADMIRALTY e-Nautical Publications:

• ADMIRALTY Guide to ENC Symbols used in ECDIS (NP5012) 

NP 5012 offers detailed explanations and descriptions of both traditional and simplified forms of ENC symbols displayed in ECDIS, ensuring bridge crews possess the knowledge needed to navigate safely.

• Symbols and Abbreviations used on ADMIRALTY Paper Charts (NP5011)  

NP 5011 can also be useful if you need to cross reference ENC symbols to the equivalent paper chart symbol.

The quick guide to ENC symbols

We have also created the ‘Quick Guide to ENC Symbols’ as a free and easy-to-use reference guide that can help you to identify some of the lesser-known symbols found on ENCs.

Each symbol covered in this guide can be quickly interpreted using the image, explanation and additional information provided to support safe navigation using ECDIS.

Please note:  ENC symbols shown in the ‘Quick Guide to ENC Symbols’ are shown in daytime colours and therefore may be shown in different colours/shades in night-time palette. The guide is not intended to replace ECDIS Chart 1.

Name Thomas Mellor

As Head of Technical Partnerships, Tom leads the UKHO’s collaboration with technical partners including Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) to enable the development of e-navigation products and S-100 solutions for Electronic Chart and Information Display Systems (ECDIS). Tom works at the forefront of the latest ‘next generation’ navigation technologies to support the implementation of new standards that can help improve safety, efficiency and optimisation.

Read more on this topic

Search title retirement of the admiralty h-note app.

The UK Hydrographic Office will be withdrawing the ADMIRALTY H-Note App from app stores on 29 March 2024.

• UK Hydrographic Office

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The UKHO has been working closely with the Milford Haven Port Authority to develop more precise digital chart coverage and help mariners overcome navigational challenges in the area.

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ECDIS MANAGEMENT

Compliance of ecdis system.

ECDIS SOFTWARE VERSIONS

ECDIS that is not updated to the latest version of the IHO Standards may not meet the chart carriage requirements as set out in SOLAS regulation V/19.2.1.4.

Below is the list of latest ECDIS software versions available for various make and models. Please check the ECDIS software version on your ship and if the software is not of latest version.

CURRENT IHO ECDIS and ENC STANDARDS

IHO S-52 ECDIS Presentation Library Edition 4.0 Salient features

Refer to attached “IHO Advice for PSC Inspectors concerning IHO Standards” – ANNEX A for main Changes in IHO S-52 ECDIS Presentation Library Edition 4.0 and its benefits to the mariner’s onboard.

IHO CHECK DATASET

The main checks are as follows:

ECDIS and the IHO Presentation Library Edition Number

All ECDIS must have a function to display the edition number of the IHO Presentation Library that is in use within the ECDIS. All Mariners must familiarize themselves with the function in their ECDIS that will display the edition number of the IHO Presentation Library as this varies across ECDIS manufacturers. This function will be required when Port State Control officers want evidence that the ECDIS is up-to-date to the latest IHO standards.

ECDIS Chart 1 and IHO Presentation Library edition 4.0

For a graphical way to establish the ECDIS is correctly displaying the new symbols introduced in IHO S-52 Presentation Library edition, 4.0 the Mariner can check ECDIS Chart 1. ECDIS chart 1 is a legend of the entire set of symbols that may be used within an ENC. It is installed on all type approved ECDIS systems.

Only ECDIS updated to IHO Presentation Library edition 4.0 will be able to show the new ENC symbols. To check the ECDIS display Mariners are requested to open Chart 1, Information about chart display (A, B), and ensure they can view the symbols. ECDIS that have not been updated will not be able to display the new symbols. This is the IHO recommended method for checking that the ECDIS system can display the new symbols in IHO Presentation Library edition 4.0.

Following from Section VIII of Admiralty Weekly Notices to Mariners

ECDIS operating with Edition 4.0 of the IHO Presentation Library Performance tests during type approval and installation of the ECDIS demonstrates that the ECDIS does not have any of the identified display anomalies. The IHO check dataset is therefore not applicable. See iho.int for further information.

For a graphical way to establish that the ECDIS is correctly displaying the new symbols introduced in IHO S-52 Presentation Library Edition 4.0 the mariner can check ECDIS Chart 1. ECDIS Chart 1 is a legend of the entire set of symbols that may be used within an ENC, and is installed on all type-approved ECDIS systems.

LOG-Keeping requirements:

Vessels are required to maintain the ADMIRALTY ENC Maintenance Record (NP 133C). This log is designed by UKHO to streamline the management of paper records of ENC and ECDIS maintenance and make information on official digital charts more accessible for bridge team.

ENC Management Basics:

CATZOC and M_QUAL

When an ENC is produced, it is divided into areas. The accuracy of the data in these separate areas is based on the original source data with regards to positional accuracy, depth accuracy and sea floor coverage. These three sets of data are then assessed by the ENC producer together. Together they are then represented as one result, this is known as a “meta – feature”.

This meta-feature is called “Quality of Data” or M_QUAL. This M_QUAL is then given a symbol to show the ENC user the level of confidence for the data in that area, this is known as a Zone of Confidence or CATZOC. Once the M_QUAL is known, and the CATZOC zone is assigned to an area on the ENC, the navigator can view these symbols on the ENC usually in the “All / Other” display function on their ECDIS. The greater the number of stars that appear in the symbol, the greater the level of accuracy for that area.

To show the limits of individual surveys, the producer of the ENC can add Survey Reliability areas or _SREL, into the ENC data:

Once again, the producer can add much additional data to the M_SREL for the ECDIS user. The S-57 codes and descriptions are shown here for this data:

Charted Depths

On an ENC, soundings from an unreliable source are circled as shown in below snapshot:

README Files

The user should know that general information on all the positional inaccuracies in the ENC can be found in the README file, it is recommended therefore that these are always referred to during the appraisal phases of passage planning. The ReadMe file should be filed in the relevant sub-section of NP-133C and discussed during the passage plan briefing.

Areas without ENC coverage

IHO provides an online chart catalogue that details the coverage of ENCs together with references to coastal State guidance on any requirements for paper charts (where this has been provided). The catalogue also provides links to IHO Member States’ websites, where additional information may be found.

The display on this catalogue of base maps from various sources does not constitute an endorsement or approval of them or of the information that they contain, and the IHO does not vouch for the validity or accuracy of these base maps.

UKHO do not currently publish a comprehensive list detailing area without ENC coverage. Please note that vessel can use either Planning Station or the Admiralty Digital Catalogue to assess areas, where ENC coverage is not available when planning routes and take necessary measures accordingly.

The changes in ENC coverage is very dynamic, it is strongly advised to check the planning station or the Admiralty Digital catalogue for latest information during passage planning.

In case if vessel has to call a port without vector chart coverage the raster chart should be ordered and used together with paper charts.

ADMIRALTY INFORMATION OVERLAY (AIO) Management

Currently, there is no unified approach by Hydrographic Offices (HOs) with regards to their approach about T & Ps on general ENCs. A number of HOs include the T & Ps in the weekly corrections of their ENCs, while others do not. There are some HOs that do not produce T & P notices and also some for which the status of T & P production and their incorporation is unclear.

Admiralty provides an option to users called Admiralty Information Overlay (AIO). The AIO feature is an optional additional overlay that can be turned on and off within ECDIS, independently of the display of ENC data. When activated it displays all the T & P notices produced by the UKHO as an overlay to the ENC and is intended to support passage planning and demonstration of compliance.

AIO features are shown as simple polygons drawn on top of the ENC data with a text description. Where necessary, text and picture files are included to provide further detail. The Navigator should assess them and decide if, for the safety of navigation, the Notice should be inputted as an actual manual correction.

Updating the Overlay:

Updates to the Overlay are issued weekly on CD, along with the weekly AVCS Update CD, and are also available over the Internet through planning /ENC station. Updates on CD should be loaded in the same way as loading ENC updates (see ‘Maintaining the Chart Outfit’ in the AVCS User Guide).

The data volume in each weekly update is normally small. However, it is necessary to issue a New Edition of the Overlay every 6 month, which consolidates all update data into a base data set. This New Edition may be over a hundred megabytes in size which will make it impractical for most users to download over the Internet and so an Admiralty Information Overlay CD should be used. Also, this New Edition Overlay CD must be installed before any further updates can be applied

Displaying the Overlay:

The Overlay is designed to be displayed on top of a standard ECDIS chart display and can be switched on and off without changing the underlying chart. Only those features relevant to the chart in use are displayed. As the user zooms in or out, the ECDIS will automatically select charts of a suitable scale and the Overlay features relevant to the selected charts will be displayed. For example, a Temporary NM that applies only to a large-scale chart will not be displayed when smaller scale charts of the same area are being used.

T&P NMs: New version of AIO does not include Admiralty T&P NMs that are only relevant to the paper chart users and those T&Ps which are included as temporary information in the ENCs. If the producer nation does not include temporary information in their ENCs but the UKHO has issued a T&P NM for an equivalent scale paper chart, then same will be included in the Overlay.

EP NMs: ENC Preliminary Notice to Mariners (EP NM) contain additional information that is specific to ENCs and cannot be published as a standard Admiralty T&P NM such as reported navigational hazards that have been incorporated on paper charts but have not yet been included in ENCs. These NMs are displayed in the same way as T&P NMs, as a polygon with a hatched fill which indicates the area affected by the NM. Each NM is allocated a unique EP NM number and is exclusive to AIO.

Area without AIO coverage

AIO also contains ADMIRALTY T&P NMs and highlights navigationally significant differences between ENCs and ADMIRALTY paper charts, published as ENC P NMs (or EP NMs). It does not contain NAVAREA Warnings or any other information.

Where there is no equivalent scale Admiralty paper chart, the UKHO does not have any additional information and the Overlay shows a ‘No Overlay’ feature. This feature is displayed as a grey polygon with a grey hatched fill/ horizontal gridline indicating the area where there is no overlay information.

T&P information is an essential part of ensuring that the charts in use are up to date. Many ENC producers include T&P information in their ENCs – there is a list in the INFO folder on the AVCS discs.

However, some do not, and even where it is included it can be difficult to identify. Please be aware that the T&P NMs shown in the Overlay relate specifically to ADMIRALTY paper charts and may not include all T&P NMs issued by the ENC producer. Areas where the UKHO does not publish T&P NMs are highlighted with a ‘No Overlay’ feature. Additional information, such as national T&P NMs, may be available in these areas from other sources and users should ensure that all appropriate sources of information have been consulted.

It is recommend that features that are significant to the passage plan should be plotted in ECDIS using Mariner’s Information Objects.

ENCs derived from charts on non-WGS84 compatible datum

Positions obtained from Global Navigation Satellite Systems, such as GPS, are normally referred to WGS84 Datum. In many parts of the world, however, charts were originally produced on a variety of local datums for which the shift to WGS84 may be unknown or unreliable. ENCs derived from such charts may not be accurately referred to WGS84 Datum. This can result in small but noticeable positional differences where adjoining cells have been shifted by slightly different amounts.

A number of Indonesia (ID) and UK (GB) ENC’s are derived from charts that cannot be accurately referred to WGS84 Datum. The differences between satellite-derived positions and positions on these cells cannot be accurately determined; the estimated values of the differences for these cells are detailed in the Information attribute of Caution Areas thus: “Positions in this region lie within ± nn meters of WGS84 Datum”. Mariners are warned that these differences may be significant to navigation and are therefore advised to confirm GPS positions shown in the chart display using alternative navigational techniques, particularly when closing the shore or navigating in the vicinity of dangers. Such cells contain a warning encoded as the name of a Sea Area feature covering the cell thus: “This chart cannot be accurately referenced to WGS84 Datum; see caution message”. They are intended for use with this warning continuously displayed and should not be used otherwise.

Common operational concerns:

When properly operated, ECDIS is an exceptional tool that drastically improves situational awareness and operational efficiency and can reduce errors. On the other hand, over-reliance or lack of familiarity can lead to calamitous consequences.

The term “ECDIS assisted Grounding” has not arisen from nowhere, and based on our experience, recurrent themes often include the following:

• Improper use of charts: i.e. not using or having the necessary charts for the intended voyage or not applying chart updates frequently and correctly.
• Not following or being aware of the manufacturer’s software maintenance updates and not updating the ECDIS to be compatible with the latest version of the IHO Standards.
• Improper use of safety settings and built-in safeguards such as route checking and safety alarms related to depths.
• Improper display settings, filters and scale.
• Not using the route checking function at all or not using it with an appropriate Cross Track Distance (XTD). Not visually checking the route at an appropriate scale.
• Lack of familiarity with the specific ECDIS type onboard.
• Over-reliance on ECDIS and the displayed GPS position.
• Inability to use or lack of familiarity with manual position fixing functions such as range and bearings.

Few other important aspects:

• A base ENC with limited chart information compared to the unfiltered chart of the same channel and location. Overuse or improper use of filters and contours may result in ambiguous displays of soundings and potentially dangerous interpretations.
• Manual position plotting can be done quickly and easily on an ECDIS, but it is critical that officers familiarise and regularly practice this function. GPS positions should be cross-referenced using visual/ radar range and bearings.
• Consistent Common Reference Point (CCRP) settings and locations of antennas, radars and other reference points should be frequently checked to ensure the settings are correct. Refer Manual for carrying out the checks and ensure no settings are changed by ship. These settings are password protected.
• When Cross Track Distances (XTD) are properly set to each leg of a voyage plan then route checking assists in checking for potential obstructions, dangers and insufficient depths.

Hardware and component

Details of the planned maintenance schedule for the ECDIS (software and hardware) and timetable for periodic tests are included in the PMS for all ships.

ENCs Updating and Back-up Arrangements

The UKHO’s weekly updating service for ENCs includes the latest updates issued by all the contributing Hydrographic Offices. These updates may or may not be synchronised with Notices to Mariners and New Editions produced for their national paper chart series. In some cases, therefore, ENCs may be more or less up to date than the corresponding paper chart of the same area.

The ADMIRALTY Information Overlay (AIO) provides easy reference to T&P information, this can be displayed on a range of ECDIS or on back of bridge systems such as ADMIRALTY e-Navigator. When ECDIS is fitted, arrangements must be in place to ensure that a safe transition can be made to a back-up system in the event of an ECDIS failure. The back-up system must also ensure safe navigation for the remainder of the voyage. A second, independent, ECDIS or paper charts are the normally accepted solutions. Details will be entered on the Record of Equipment.

The back-up arrangement must be ready for immediate use. If paper charts are used, they must be readily available with the voyage plan indicated on them. If the back-up is a second ECDIS, it must be loaded with the relevant up-to-date ENCs and current voyage plan.

The Back-Up system will be listed in the Record of Equipment by the Flag state or classification society.

Familiarization of officers

In addition to generic and vessel specific ECDIS training, the Master and all watch keeping officers must be familiar with the specific ECDIS installation on board the vessel they are serving. This familiarization will include the backup systems, sensor configuration, and level of integration and current operational status of the ECDIS.

External Inspections

PSC Inspectors focus on how the ships meet the SOLAS requirements for chart carriage and the safe and effective conduct of navigation tasks.

ECDIS – What are the main questions of PCS inspectors to deck officers?

• Demonstrate software compliance to S 52 Pl edition 4.0. Show Chart 1 as set up to.IHO guidelines. Show a latest type approval certificate
• Show ECDIS contour setting policy, planning and implementation for various critical legs.
• Show planning of Chart alert / Look ahead planning and implementation for various legs
• Show that ENCs have valid permits, are of latest edition and have the latest Weekly updates applied.
• Show that T& P corrections (where required to be done by OOW) are being appropriately done by manual update.
• Demonstrate multiple means of position fixing and verification (with LOPs, cross bearings, PI lines and other tools)
• Demonstrate procedure of manually feeding critical sensor data in case failure same being received automatically.
• Show relevant chart annotations like alarm enabled no go areas, P I lines, contingency anchor etc.
• Show a route plan involving vessel’s passage within and across a safety contour area.
• Is CATZOC being factored during UKC calculation.
• Show past track, log books, Playback (if available)
• Show record keeping like maintaining NP 133C.
• Show records of equipment specific familiarization / training for OOWs.
• Show the up to date ENC / AVCS maintenance software (like Voyager etc)

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• Technical Library

August 2017  To assist PCOs and Ship staff, IHO have issued a guidance document Information on IHO Standards related to ENC and ECDIS .  This document details the changes introduced in the set of revised IHO standards that relate to the carriage and operation of ECDIS.

July 2017 ​Almost three-quarters of cargo ships over 20,000 gross tonnage (GT) are already compliant with the SOLAS-mandated Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) deadline of 1st July 2017, according to the latest figures published by the United Kingdom Hydrographic Office (UKHO) . 

May 2017 Changes introduced in Edition 4.0 of the IHO Presentation Library invalidate the tests contained in the ECDIS Data Presentation and Performance Checks which were specifically designed and developed for ECDIS using previous editions of the Presentation Library.

An ECDIS type approval certificate showing conformance with tests in edition 4.0 of IEC 61174 demonstrates that the ECDIS does not have any of the identified ENC display anomalies. The subsequent guidance HERE describes the method by which mariners may check the ECDIS displays for the new ENC symbols contained in Edition 4.0 of the Presentation Library.

March 2017 The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) has revised its ECDIS standards, with an implementation date of 1 September 2017. A new ECDIS installed after 31 August 2017 shall conform to the latest IHO standards. DNV GL has been approached by customers uncertain about how to interpret the new requirements for their fleet in service. Is an upgrade of the ECDIS in operation required? Or even a complete replacement? Will an exemption application be viable? To name just a few questions. DNV GL Clarifications on ECDIS upgrading – what you should do September 2016 The United Kingdom Hydrographic Office (UKHO) has called for ship owners, operators and managers to exercise greater vigilance in order to tackle the rise in ECDIS-related detentions and the risks to safety at sea. With a growing majority of the global fleet having completed the switch to digital navigation, evidence is emerging that the number of ECDIS-related issues during inspections and audits is on the rise. Earlier this year, the Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA) reported a significant increase in the number of ships detained because of ECDIS deficiencies. The consequences of ECDIS deficiencies during inspections were highlighted in the recent case of a ship detained in Brisbane by AMSA due to a lack of on-board familiarisation training in the use of ECDIS. This required an ECDIS trainer to be flown in from Singapore to train the crew. The vessel, which had passed through the Great Barrier Reef on its journey, was released from detention upon completion of this crew training.

Speaking at SMM 2016 in Hamburg, Thomas Mellor, Head of OEM Technical Support and Digital Standards at UKHO, said: “ECDIS can deliver tremendous benefits for safe, compliant and efficient navigation. However, once installed ship owners, operators and managers must fulfill their responsibilities for its ongoing use, including compliance with all relevant regulations. This includes updating their bridge procedures, upgrading their ECDIS software to the latest IHO ENC standards and, above all, ensuring that bridge teams are trained and certified in the operation of ECDIS and in line with the requirements of Port State Control inspections and audits. “There can be any number of reasons for non-compliance, ranging from inadequate detail in the ship’s Safety Management System (SMS), a failure to use the latest Electronic Navigational Charts (ENCs) for the voyage plan, or a bridge team unfamiliar with the use of ECDIS. Whatever the reason, the penalties can be severe, whether through the costs of a delayed onward voyage or the impact on an owner’s reputation of a failed SIRE inspection. Most importantly, every incident of non-compliance is a potential threat to the safety of that ship and its crew, as well as other traffic and the marine environment. “PSC inspectors are carrying out more inspections on ships using ECDIS as the primary means of navigation and as a result, are becoming more aware of the latest requirements and which questions to ask. “The good news is that there is plenty of guidance and support available for owners from ECDIS manufacturers and ECDIS training providers. The UKHO has been freely distributing the ADMIRALTY Guide to Audits and Inspections at ECDIS Seminars for several years. “Furthermore we have developed the ADMIRALTY ENC Maintenance Record (NP133C) to make official digital chart information easier to manage, inspect and audit”

18th May 2016 UKHO urges ship owners to upgrade to new digital chart standards The United Kingdom Hydrographic Office (UKHO) has today reiterated its call for ship owners to upgrade to the latest ECDIS software standards, highlighting the significant benefits that the new IHO S-52 Presentation Library edition 4.0 will offer mariners, including greater consistency in the display of Electronic Nautical Charts (ENCs) and a reduction in the number of audible alarms on the bridge. According to the UKHO, shipping companies have welcomed the recent announcement of a 12-month extension to the transition period for owners to switch to the new Presentation Library 4.0. However, upgrade requirements will vary from ship to ship, so the UKHO strongly encourages owners to take advantage of the new ECDIS Standards at the earliest opportunity, rather than waiting until the new deadline of 31 August 2017.

Tom Mellor, the UKHO’s Head of Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) Support and Digital Standards and Chairman of the IHO’s ENC Working Group commented: “The UKHO is continuing to work with manufacturers to ensure that users can experience the full benefit of the latest software standards. The transition to the new ECDIS Standards is definitely gathering pace and it is encouraging to see such positive progress with ECDIS manufacturers working hard to secure type-approval for their ECDIS software. “Naturally, ship owners will also have questions about the new ECDIS Standards. One recurring question is whether there are any compatibility issues between newly produced ENCs and the current Presentation Library edition 3.4. Owners need not be concerned about this, as ENCs themselves are unchanged. The upgrade applies to the Presentation Library, which governs how the ENC data is displayed on the ECDIS screen, not the data itself.” Source: UKHO

Technical Standards for ECDIS   The number one complaint from mariners on ECDIS was the number of alarms generated. The IHO has taken this on board with the latest Presentation Library (version 4.0) which addresses this issue. Also, information such as fairway and anchorage area names now appear on screen, with landmarks, lights and buoys viewable via a ‘hover-over’ function. This reduces the constant need to find information buried in a pick report.

Read the Admiralty Blog " The new S-52 ECDIS Standards: What do they mean for you? " by Tom Mellor, Head of OEM Support and Digital Standards.

The new ECDIS testing standard publication date is expected to be Aug 15th. From this date the new edition of S-52 will be the reference for the type approval of new ECDIS. Existing ECDIS will have to be upgraded to the latest Presentation Library within twelve months.

Industry Recommendations

ECDIS Training Recommendations 

ECDIS Familiarisation Recommendations Users new to an ECDIS-installed ship should check that sufficient knowledge of items on the familiarisation check list is obtained before using the ECDIS and its back-up at sea. If use is to be made of the RCDS Mode, any differences in operational procedures should also be understood. Items in the list have been identified with a W or an M. Although users of ECDIS should have an understanding of all items marked W and M, the priority for a watch-keeping officer is to become fully familiar with all items marked W. For those users who are responsible for voyage planning and other ECDIS management activities, items marked W and M have equal priority.

Nautical Institute publication written by Dr Andy Norris FNI: ECDIS Familiarisation Checklist

Press release issued by the ECDIS Training Group regarding the revised IMO Model Course for ECDIS: ECDIS press release - IMO Model Course 1.27 2012 Edition

ECDIS Feedback

The Manila Amendments to STCW (which include the use of ECDIS to maintain the safety of navigation as a required competence) came into force on 1st January 2012 and the mandatory carriage of ECDIS began to phase in from 1st July 2012. Over the next 5 years, as more mariners gain experience in using new equipment and technology associated with electronic navigation, there will be many issues arising from this increasing use of ECDIS. The Nautical Institute would like to hear from you on any relevant issues you have experienced in using ECDIS.

Issues may be directly related to the use of equipment and its navigational facilities, including whether information is being appropriately displayed. Other issues may address aspects of the current operational practice of using ECDIS and some may arise solely from insufficient or inappropriate training of users.

To contribute your views, experience or comments to the forum email:  [email protected]

Identification of correspondents will be removed before posting. The long term aim of this initiative is to improve the design of ECDIS equipment and its data by influencing regulations and standards and also to influence the way in which the use of ECDIS is taught to and used by seafarers.

The Nautical Institute's Technical Committee has arranged to collate any reported issues and submit them to the appropriate bodies including:

• The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) • The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) • The International Association of Marine Electronics Companies (CIRM)  • The International Maritime Organization (IMO)

This forum also contains links to useful information for mariners, including casualty reports where ECDIS or ECS has been found to be a contributory factor. (Dates are the date of the investigation report.)

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THE 10 BEST Moscow Observation Decks & Towers

Observation decks & towers in moscow.

• Architectural Buildings
• Points of Interest & Landmarks
• Monuments & Statues
• Historic Sites
• Observation Decks & Towers
• 5.0 of 5 bubbles
• 4.0 of 5 bubbles & up
• 3rd Transport Ring (TTK)
• District Central (TsAO)
• Moscow City (Business District)
• Good for Kids
• Good for Couples
• Good for Big Groups
• Budget-friendly
• Adventurous
• Good for Adrenaline Seekers
• Honeymoon spot
• Good for a Rainy Day
• Hidden Gems
• Things to do ranked using Tripadvisor data including reviews, ratings, photos, and popularity.

1. PANORAMA360

2. Ostankino TV Tower

3. Viewpoint at the Rooftop of Central Children's World

4. Shukhov Tower

5. Moscow City Museum

6. Spasskaya Tower

7. Vyshe Tolko Lyubov Open Observation Deck

8. Police Fire Station with Fire Tower in Sokolniki

9. High Port 354

10. Observation Deck of Radisson Collection Hotel Moscow

11. Nikolskaya Tower

12. Observation Deck RAS

13. Ferris Wheel The Moscow Sun

14. 90 Etazh Moskva Siti

15. Moss Tower of Sumy Ostrog

16. romantic room, what travelers are saying.

• PANORAMA360
• Ostankino TV Tower
• Viewpoint at the Rooftop of Central Children's World
• Moscow City Museum
• Shukhov Tower

Shooter Files by f.d. walker

Street Photography Tips, Interaction, Travel, Guides

Apr 24 2017

City Street Guides by f.d. walker: A Street Photography Guide to Moscow, Russia

*A series of guides on shooting Street Photography in cities around the world. Find the best spots to shoot, things to capture, street walks, street tips, safety concerns, and more for cities around the world. I have personally researched, explored and shot Street Photography in every city that I create a guide for. So you can be ready to capture the streets as soon as you step outside with your camera!

At over 12 million people, Moscow is the largest city in Russia and second largest in Europe by population ( Istanbul is #1). An urban, cosmopolitan metropolis with more than enough glitz and glam to cater to the elite, but without losing its fair share of Soviet era roughness around the edges. It can be fast paced, brash, busy, and trendy like other big cities, but it has its blend of West meets Russia atmosphere and beauty that provides plenty of unique interest. The Red Square is as famous as it gets, but there’s so much more to this city, including the most beautiful subway system you’ve ever seen. It would take years to capture all of Moscow, but that means you have an endless amount of areas to discover.

So here’s a Street Photography guide so you can be ready to capture all that Moscow has to offer before you even arrive!

• Patriarch’s Pond
• Old Arbat Street
• Maroseyka Street
• Tverskoy Boulevard

Top 5 Street Spots:

1. red square.

The Red Square is the most famous square in not just Russia, but all of Eastern Europe. The name actually doesn’t come from the color of the bricks or communism, but from the name in Russian, Krásnaya, once meaning “beautiful” before its meaning changed to “red.” This large plaza is what you see on the cover of guide books and magazines for Moscow, with St. Basil’s Cathedral being the center piece next to Lenin’s Mausoleum surrounded by the Kremlin Wall. Of course, the Red Square attracts hordes of tourist due to the main attractions, but all that activity around an interesting atmosphere does provide street photo opportunities. It’s also the central square connecting to the city’s major streets, providing a good starting point to explore outward.

You’ll also find the popular pedestrian only Nikolskaya Street connecting the Red Square to Lubyanka Square. This line of expensive shops includes plenty of activity, while also leading you to another popular square. Filled with history rivaling any city, the Red Square and surrounding areas are the heart and soul of Russia.

2. Patriarch’s Ponds

Patriarch’s Ponds is one of the most exclusive neighborhoods in Moscow. Despite the name being plural, there’s only one large pond, but it’s worth a visit with your camera. It’s a popular spot for locals and expats to come relax or take a stroll around the pond. You get an interesting mix of young and old too, from young love to “babushkas” feeding pigeons. It’s a very peaceful park atmosphere in one of the nicer areas within the city center, while bringing enough activity for street photography. 

The pond is shallow and in the winter becomes a popular spot for ice-skating too. The area is also well-known for the location in the famous Russian novel, The Master and Margarita. 

3. Old Arbat (Stary Arbat)

Old Arbat is the most famous pedestrian street in Moscow, and dating back to the 15th century, also one of its oldest. Originally, it was an area of trade, but soon became the most prestigious residential area in Moscow. During the 18th century, Arbat started attracting the city’s scholars and artists, including Alexander Pushkin. Cafes lined the streets and impressive homes filled the neighborhood. Since then, New Arbat street was created as a highway in the area, while Old Arbat was paved for a 1km pedestrian only walkway.

Due to the historic buildings, famous artists that lived here, and the bohemian atmosphere, Old Arbat has become a big attraction for tourists today. Now, there’s a mix of cafes, restaurants, souvenir shops, street performers, street merchants and other attractions for visitors, and some locals, to come enjoy. It can get really busy here and there’s usually something interesting going on so it’s a good street to come walk with your camera for guaranteed life.

4. Gorky Park

One of the most famous places in Moscow is Gorky Park. The official name is Maxim Gorky’s Central Park of Culture & Leisure, which gives you an idea of what goes on here. When built, it was the first of its kind in the Soviet Union. Divided into two parts, it stretches along Moscow River. One end contains fair rides, foods stands, tennis courts, a sports club, a lake for boat rides, and more. This end brings more active life due to its number of attractions, while the other end is more relaxed, where you’ll find gardens, trees, older buildings, and an outdoor amphitheater.

Gorky Park attracts mostly locals so it’s a good spot to capture the non-tourist side of Moscow life. Muscovites come here to escape the city and unwind in a picturesque setting. The park remains alive outside of the warmer months too, especially when the lake turns into the city’s largest outdoor skating rink. I’d recommend taking the metro out here to spend at least half a day exploring the massive park’s life with your camera.

5. Maroseyka Street

Maroseyka Street is a popular area not too far from the Red Square. The long, winding street turns into Pokrovka and is lined with restaurants, cafes, bars and places to stay. It’s actually where I like to stay when I’m in Moscow due to its location and solid street photography opportunities itself. You have Kitay-gorod station near and if you keep walking southwest, you’ll get to the Red Square. But if you walk northwest, as it changes to Pokrovka, you can find a long street of activity for photography with its own interesting atmosphere.

6. Tverskoy Boulevard

Tverskoy Boulevard is the oldest and longest boulevard in Moscow, beginning at the end of Nikitsky Boulevard, and finishing at Pushkin Square, a spot to come for activity itself. The boulevard is made up of two avenues, with pedestrian walkways in-between. You’ll find grass, shrubbery, trees, benches and more walking it’s almost kilometer length. Many people come here to enjoy some relaxation, walk their dog, or just to use it to walk wherever they’re going. Its center location also provides a nice place to walk with your camera near plenty of other spots you’ll want to check out anyway.

Sample Street Walk:

For a full day of Street Photography, covering some of the best spots, you can follow this sample street walk for Moscow:

• Start your morning walking around the Red Square (1), while exploring the surrounding area, including Nikolskaya Street
• Then walk northwest to Patriarch’s Ponds (2) and slowly walk the pond and surrounding area with your camera
• Next, walk east to the Pushkin Monument and stroll down Tverskoy Boulevard (6)
• Once Tverskoy Boulevard (6) ends, it will turn into Nikitsky Boulevard. Follow this down until you get to the start of Old Arbat Street (3), across from Arbatskaya station
• After you’re done walking down Old Arbat Street (3) for more street photography, spend some time checking out Moscow’s beautiful metro stations
• To finish off the day with more street photography, get off the metro near Red Square (1) again, Maroseyka Street (5) or wherever you’re staying for the night.

3 Things I’ll Remember about Shooting in Moscow:

1. museum metro.

The Moscow metro system was the first underground railway system in the Soviet Union and today includes 203 stations across 340km of routes. The elaborate system has some of the deepest stations in the world too, with escalators that seem to go on forever. None of this is what makes it so special, though. Many of its stations feel like stepping inside a museum, making it without a doubt the most interesting and beautiful metro system I’ve been in.

When built, Stalin wanted to make the metro stations “palaces for the people” with marble, chandeliers, and grand architecture. The best part is the variety of architecture and styles used, making many of the stations a completely different experience visually. You could easily spend a whole day traveling the stations and there are even tours available for people who wish to do just that. My advice, though, would be just to buy a ticket and hop on and off at different stations, while exploring different lines. The museum-like surrounding mixed with the crowds of characters can make for a great photography experience.

Since there are so many stations, here are some of my favorites to check out:

• Novoslobodskaya
• Mayakovskaya
• Elektrozavodskaya
• Komsomolskaya
• Ploschad Revolyutsii
• Dostoyevskaya
• Prospekt Mira

2. Moscow is Big

It’s no secret that Moscow is a big city, but it can feel even bigger with how spread out much of it is. This is especially true if you compare it to cities outside of Asia. If I compared it to cities in Europe, I’d probably say only Istanbul would warrant more time to really discover the depths of this city. Most only explore around the Red Square and surrounding area, but that is such a small part of the city. Although, that central area does give you plenty to see on its own.

Fortunately, I had a good friend living in the city to show me around, but it opened up my eyes even more to how much there is to discover in Moscow. It’s a big city with a variety of atmosphere that can take you from “east” to “west” and trendy to rugged depending on where you go. I’d imagine you’d have to live here a while to really know the city.

3. Cosmopolitan Mix of East meets West

Modern skyscrapers mixed with amazing architecture, a world-class metro system with museum-like beauty, trendy fashion and chic clubs, Moscow is a rich mix of Russian culture and history in a more western cosmopolitan package. There is a push to keep the Russian culture, while also pushing forward with a modern metropolis the whole world will envy. This comes with an impressive skyline, that continues to grow, and endless modernities, but with soviet nostalgia and atmosphere mixed in for good measure.

Mixed in with this grand western cosmopolitan atmosphere, is a strong national pride in Russia. This includes their famous leader, Vladimir Putin. Maybe no other place will you see a country’s leader more often. All over, from the pricey tourist shops to the underground walkway stalls, you’ll find goods with Putin’s likeness covering them. From t-shirts to magnets to Matryoshka dolls. There’s a strong national pride that can be seen around the city, which also extends to their leader. Moscow is many things. It’s East meets West, modernizations meets Soviet era, and a whole lot more.

What To Do For a Street Photography Break?:

Eat at a stolovaya.

Stolovayas are Russian cafeterias that became popular in the Soviet days. You grab a tray and walk down the line of freshly prepared local dishes, and select whatever you want from the chefs. They’re usually inexpensive and a much better value than restaurants, while giving you the opportunity to try from a wide selection of everyday Russian food. They’re also very tasty. I always include some borsch on my tray and go from there. The places themselves are all over Moscow and usually come with Soviet-era aesthetics to complete the experience.

Street Safety Score: 7

*As always, no place is completely safe! So when I talk about safety, I’m speaking in general comparison to other places. Always take precaution, be smart, observe your surroundings and trust your instincts anywhere you go!

Being the 2nd largest city in Europe with over 12 million people, you’re going to have your dangerous areas, but for the most part, it feels safe walking around. Russia is statistically higher in crime compared to most of Europe, but this generally doesn’t apply to tourists and visitors. Around the Red Square and surrounding city center, you should feel completely safe walking around. Pick pocketing can happen, but no more than other touristic places. I always explore Moscow freely without coming across too much to worry about. It’s a spread out city, though, so of course it matters where you are. Just use basic street smarts, know where you are and Moscow shouldn’t give you a problem. 

People’s Reaction Score: 7

Moscow is fast paced, big city life, which usually means people aren’t too concerned with you, or your camera. I don’t find people notice or pay much attention to me when I’m out taking photos in Moscow. For the most part, people just go about their day. You shouldn’t get too many looks or concern. But it can depend on the area you are in. The more you stick out, the more you might get noticed with suspicions. I’ve never had any problems in Moscow, or Russia, but just be careful who you’re taking a photo of if you get out of the city center. Other than that, it’s about average for reactions. 

Street Tips:

Learn the alphabet .

Much of Moscow, including the metro system, doesn’t use english. The Russian alphabet uses letters from the Cyrillic script, which if you aren’t familiar with it and don’t know the sounds, can be hard to decipher the words. This is most important for street names and metro stops when trying to get around. It can save confusion and make it easier getting around if you learn the basic alphabet. At the very least then, you can sound out the words to see which are similar in the english conversion, which can help matching them to maps. When out shooting street photography, getting around is as important as anything. So save yourself some time and frustration by learning the Russian Alphabet.

Use the metro

While Saint-Petersburg feels very walkable for a city its size, Moscow can feel very spread out, even for its bigger size. Outside of the Red Square area, you can have plenty of walking before getting anywhere very interesting, so you’ll need to take the metro a lot if you really want to explore the city. Maps are deceiving here too, it will always be further than it looks.

Another reason it’s less walkable than Saint-Petersburg is its completely different set-up. Moscow’s streets are mostly contstructed in rings with narrow, winding streets in-between. This is common with medieval city cities that used to be confined by walls, but you usually don’t have it in a city this massive. Saint-Petersburg has a more grid-like pattern that also uses the canals to help you know your way around. When it comes to navigating on foot in Moscow, it can be more difficult, so bring a map and take the metro when needed. It’s why Moscow’s metro carries more passengers per day than the London and Paris subways combined.

Explore other areas if you have time

Moscow is really big. While most people stay around the Red Square within the Boulevard Ring, there’s so much more to the city. I covered some other spots outside of this circle, but if you really want to see the city, you’ll need time. If you do have time, some other areas I’d check out first are Zamoskvarechye, along some of the south and western Moscow.

Inspiration:

For some more inspiration, you can look through the Street Photography of Moscow photographer Artem Zhitenev  and check out 33 of my photos taken in Moscow .

Conclusion:

Moscow’s name brings a certain mystique, but once you’re there it might bring a different atmosphere than you expect. It’s big and sprawling, but beautiful in many ways. It can feel like a European capital on a grand scale, but you can definitely find its Russian side in there.

The urban sprawl of Moscow can be intimidating, but give it enough time and you’ll be rewarded with plenty to discover. All with the world’s best metro system to take you around.

I hope this guide can help you start to experience some of what Moscow contains. So grab your camera and capture all that Moscow has to offer for Street Photography!

If you still have any questions about shooting in Moscow, feel free to comment below or email me!

(I want to make these guides as valuable as possible for all of you so add any ideas on improvements, including addition requests, in the comment section!)

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(A New Guide Posted Every Other Wednesday)

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A History of Moscow in 13 Dishes

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