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Supporting and Sustaining Well-Being in the Workplace: Insights from a Developing Economy

ISBN : 978-1-83982-695-5 , eISBN : 978-1-83982-692-4

Publication date: 16 September 2020

Jayasingam, S. , Omar, S. , Mustamil, N.M. , Hashim, R.C. and Bakar, R.A. (2020), "Depression – A Silent Killer", Supporting and Sustaining Well-Being in the Workplace: Insights from a Developing Economy , Emerald Publishing Limited, Leeds, pp. 13-62. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83982-692-420201003

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• Meet Amita Kapoor, PMHNP

Depression: Understanding the Silent Killer

• Written By Amita Kapoor PMHNP
• February 4, 2024

Depression, often misunderstood and underestimated, is a serious mental health disorder that impacts millions of individuals worldwide. It’s more than just feeling sad or going through a tough time; it’s a persistent and overwhelming sense of despair that interferes with daily life and can last for weeks, months, or even years.

This condition is characterized by an array of emotional, cognitive, physical, and behavioral symptoms, which can include feelings of worthlessness, loss of interest in activities once enjoyed, changes in appetite or sleep, difficulty focusing, and in severe cases, thoughts of suicide.

Despite its prevalence, depression remains a ‘silent killer’ due to the stigma associated with mental health issues and the lack of understanding about its true nature. In this article, we aim to shed light on this complex disorder, discussing its causes, symptoms, and treatment options, in an effort to foster better understanding and encourage those suffering to seek help.

The Prevalence of Depression: Global Statistics

Depression, a common mental disorder, affects an estimated 5% of the global adult population . The prevalence varies significantly across different regions.

For example, in the United States, about 18.4% of adults experienced depression in 2020, and as per data from 2019-2020, approximately 21% of adults , or 50 million Americans, live with a mental illness.

These figures underscore the vast reach of this disorder, affirming its status as a leading cause of global health-related burden. It’s crucial to note that these statistics likely underestimate the true prevalence due to underdiagnosis and the stigma associated with mental health issues.

As we continue our exploration of depression, these numbers offer a sobering backdrop to the individual stories of struggle and recovery.

Depression Symptoms: More Than Just Sadness

Depression, often referred to as major depressive disorde r, is a mood disorder that extends beyond mere feelings of sadness or a temporary low mood. It’s a complex condition with a wide range of symptoms that can interfere with daily life and overall wellbeing.

Here are some key symptoms to look out for:

• Persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or emptiness.
• Loss of interest or pleasure in activities once enjoyed.
• Difficulty thinking, concentrating, or making decisions.
• Changes in appetite or weight.
• Sleep disturbances.
• Fatigue or loss of energy.
• Unexplained physical problems, such as headaches or back pain.

It’s important to note that these symptoms can vary according to age, gender, and individual differences. For instance, depression may present as irritability in children, physical complaints in older adults, or excessive sleeping in teenagers.

Recognizing these signs is a critical step towards seeking help and treatment. If you or someone you know is experiencing these symptoms, it’s essential to reach out to a mental health professional immediately.

Causes and Risk Factors of Depression

Depression is a multifaceted disorder with no single cause. Instead, it typically results from a complex interplay of genetic, biological, environmental, and psychological factors.

Key causes and risk factors include:

• Family History : Individuals with a family history of depression are more likely to develop the condition due to genetic predisposition.
• Biological Changes : Imbalances in certain brain chemicals, especially neurotransmitters like serotonin, are linked to depression.
• Hormonal Changes : Hormonal imbalances, such as those related to pregnancy or menopause, can trigger depressive episodes.
• Stressful Events : Major life changes, traumatic events, or prolonged stress can contribute to the onset of depression.
• Medical Conditions : Chronic illnesses, such as diabetes or cancer, can increase the risk of depression.
• Substance Use : Alcohol or drug abuse is often associated with depression.

Understanding these risk factors can help in early identification and intervention, which in turn can significantly enhance the effectiveness of treatment strategies. Remember to consult a healthcare professional if you or someone you know may be at risk of depression.

Different Types of Depression

Depression is not a one-size-fits-all condition. It’s a multifaceted disorder with several subtypes , each having distinct symptoms, causes, and treatments. Understanding these different types can be crucial for diagnosis and effective treatment.

Here are some common types of depression:

• Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) : Characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a lack of interest in activities. It must last at least two weeks to be diagnosed as MDD.
• Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia) : A chronic form of depression where symptoms persist for at least two years.
• Postpartum Depression : More severe than the “baby blues”, this type occurs in mothers after childbirth and can include extreme sadness, anxiety, and exhaustion.
• Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) : A type of depression that’s related to changes in seasons, typically starting in late fall and early winter.
• Bipolar Disorder : Although not a type of depression, depressive episodes are part of the bipolar disorder cycle.

If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of depression, seek help from a mental health professional immediately.

Understanding the Stigma Surrounding Depression

Depression is a serious mental health condition, yet it is often shrouded in stigma and misunderstanding. The stigma surrounding depression can manifest in various ways, from negative stereotypes to discrimination. This stigma can lead to feelings of shame and isolation among those suffering from the condition, preventing them from seeking help or openly discussing their struggles.

Sadly, this stigma is often fueled by a lack of understanding about depression. Many people mistakenly view it as a sign of personal weakness or a character flaw, rather than recognizing it as a legitimate medical condition. This misinformation can contribute to the perpetuation of harmful myths and stereotypes.

It’s crucial to challenge this stigma, promote understanding, and create an environment where people feel comfortable seeking help. By doing so, we can ensure that individuals battling depression receive the support and treatment they need. Education, empathy, and compassion are our most powerful tools in combating the stigma associated with depression.

Diagnosing Depression: The Role of Mental Health Professionals

Diagnosing depression involves a thorough evaluation by mental health professionals such as psychiatrists, psychologists, or psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioners like Amita Kapoor, PMHNP. We use specific criteria to diagnose depression.

The process typically includes:

• Clinical Interview : This involves discussing your thoughts, feelings, and behavior to identify signs of depression.
• Physical Examination : Although depression is a mental health disorder, it can be linked to physical health problems.
• Psychological Tests : These are used to measure the intensity of depressive symptoms.

If you or someone you know is struggling with symptoms of depression, seek help from a mental health professional. With Psycognition , you can connect with a experienced practitioner, Amita Kapoor, PMHNP, who can guide you through the diagnosis and treatment process Psycognition. Remember, early diagnosis can lead to more effective treatment and a better prognosis.

Treatment Options for Depression

Treating depression is a multi-faceted process and often includes a combination of methods. It’s crucial to remember that what works for one person may not work for another, and it often takes time to find the right treatment plan. Here are some common treatment options:

• Psychotherapy : Also known as talk therapy, this approach involves discussing your condition and related issues with a mental health professional. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT) are types of psychotherapy shown to be effective in treating depression.
• Medications : Antidepressants can be very effective in managing depression. These medications work by balancing brain chemicals linked to mood.
• Lifestyle Changes : Regular physical activity and a healthy diet can significantly improve symptoms of depression. Additionally, ensuring sufficient sleep and reducing alcohol and caffeine intake can also help.
• Support Groups : Connecting with others who are experiencing the same struggles can provide comfort, reduce feelings of isolation, and provide practical advice.

Remember, it’s essential to seek help from a healthcare provider to determine the most effective treatment plan for you.

Dr. Johan Faust

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