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Examination Malpractice: Causes, Effect and Solution of Exam Malpractice

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Odunola Kazeem

IBRAHIM MOHAMMED TAUHEED

ruth omolayo

Sunday Bright

Silver Emerald International Schools , Aina Oladele Emmanuel

The incidences of examination malpractice are common everywhere and every examination season witnesses the emergence of new ingenious way of cheating. However, the problem identified in this studied are stated as follows: i mediocrity: generally, the standard of education in Nigeria is not in good conditions as examination malpractices has deteriorated the system. Examination malpractice is an unethical act because it encourages mediocrity in that students who succeed through such unorthodox methods may be rated equal to those who struggle on their own to excel. ii half-baked graduate: Nigerian education system has been marked with the weakness of producing unemployable graduates-graduates who need to attend further training before they could be fit for a job. The most disheartening of all these is that education corruption is being perpetrated by all cadre of people involved in education sector, viz: the government, lecturers, parents, teachers, students etc. in fact it is frustrating that all the stakeholders in education are involved in promoting education corruption. Given the prevalence of examination malpractices in our universities, results tend to give a false picture of the state of affairs; hence a good number of school graduates cannot defend the excellent certificate they are brandishing. iii knowledge gap: This implies that a discrepancy exists in the knowledge that people of varying socioeconomic levels attain when engaging mass media content as a result of examination malpractices. In other words, the information-rich get richer when reading newspapers or watching television news reports, whereas those with relatively less background knowledge typically gain information at a comparatively lesser rate. iv incompetence of professionals in different economic sectors: The nature of examination malpractice has resulted in high turnover of incompetent graduates by institutions of higher learning. It is also posing a great threat to the survival and sustainability of good quality education, integrity and credibility of the certificates awarded. Most of the social ills, including medical malpractice by incompetent doctors, manufacture and sale of fake drugs by pharmacists, collapse of building designed by fraudulent engineers, massive fraud in banks, miscarriage of justice, rigging of election by unelected politicians, poor quality pastors who take advantage of their members, mass failure in examination etc, are consequences of examination malpractice and all these will impede productivity in the country. When employed by companies, much money is expended retraining them because they are product of examination malpractice thereby lowering productivity.

Sani Sulaiman

This paper focuses on the effect of the examination malpractice and tactics on how eradicate it, procedures of developing reading and understanding habit among the students of secondary schools

Science and Education Development Institute (SEDInst)

This paper examined causes and consequences of examination malpractice on the academic achievement of Office Technology and Management (OTM) students in Polytechnics in SouthWestern zone of Nigeria. The population of the study comprised all HND I and HND II in the five States and four Federal Polytechnics offering OTM in SouthWestern zone of Nigeria. Through random sampling method, three States and two Federal Polytechnics were selected as sample for the study. A total of 512 HND I and HND II students were eventually selected out of 682 students through stratified sampling method. Questionnaire was the major instrument used to gather data for the study; while, mean and standard deviation were used to analyse the data gathered. It was found that government non-implementation of examination malpractice decree and inadequate preparation for examinations were some of the causes of examination malpractices; also, the study confirmed that irreversible loss of credibility and dismissal from school were the consequences of examination malpractice on OTM students and that implementation of examination malpractice decree and adequate preparation for examinations among others were the ways of minimizing or eliminating examination malpractices among OTM students. It was recommended that government should endeavour to implement examination malpractice Act No 33 of 1999 which stipulated a minimum punishment of N50,000 and a maximum of five years imprisonment without option of fine for students who involved in examination malpractices. If the government implements this Act, examination malpractices may be minimized or eliminated totally and that students should endeavour to prepare adequately for examinations by developing effective study s before, during and after the examination in order to excel in their studies.

International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering

Michael Onyema Edeh, Ph.D

The scourge of examination malpractice has increasingly become a major source of concern to education authorities in most West African countries, particularly in Ghana, Nigeria, Senegal and Gambia. Recently, the West African Examination Council (WAEC) withheld the results of 180,205 candidates representing 11.33 percent of the total candidates who sat for the 2019 WAEC examination as a result of various reported cases of examination malpractices. Examination malpractice is a threat to quality in education and the society. Considering the potentials of technology in addressing many of the challenges of humanity especially in the educational sector, there is need to examine ways by which it can be used to curb the menace of examination malpractice. Thus, the present study discusses the use of technology to mitigate examination malpractices in West Africa. The study shows that technology offers solutions for mitigation of examination malpractices in West Africa. Some of these technologies include Facial Recognition Technology, Biometric system, and CCTV cameras. The study recommends that government and other stakeholders in education should pay more attention to the issues that causes examination malpractice, and also provide the needed facilities to encourage the use of technologies in education particularly in conduct of examinations.

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This paper examines students believes on examination malpractice in nigeria.

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7 Effects Of Examination Malpractices On Students

Without exams and tests, would we find it difficult to know what we know? How do exams determine our ability to write and think? 

Exam malpractice is not something new. Just like others, we pass through different types of examinations every day; whether formal or informal, external or internal. 

The effects that follow examination malpractices could be disastrous to any student. Perhaps, it could trigger a feeling of low self-esteem regarding your academic performance but you’ll never know how threatening it might be unless you are confronted with the consequences firsthand.

So in this article, I will be talking about the effects of examination malpractices on your academic performance.

Malpractices in examination manifest as malpractice in teaching and learning. It is a deviation from the prescribed syllabus, lack of classroom discipline, absence of proper marking of answer scripts, leakages of question papers, and so on. 

The negative effects of examination malpractices on a student's academics are obvious and disastrous.  Here are some of them listed below:

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1. Erosion In The Faith System

The first effect is the erosion of faith in the system. This is because the system is perceived to be unfair. 

If the system is unfair, the students will not take the governing rules and regulations seriously.

In such a scenario, students tend to forget all about the values that the system teaches, e.g., honesty, fairness, etc. 

2. It Causes Irresponsibilities

The second effect is that students may feel that they do not have to follow all the rules of examinations just because they are being forced to do so as it has no relevance to their lives. 

They may even go to an extent of saying that the teachers are only making them follow certain rules and regulations so that they can benefit from it, i.e., get better grades. 

3. It Breeds Laziness

The third effect of examination malpractices will be on students' performance in examinations themselves. 

The students may start feeling that there is no point in studying hard as there will always be someone who will help them and do all the hard work for them.

4. It Affects Student's Study Habits

The fourth effect of examination malpractices can be very negative to a student's academics. 

This can create a domino effect, whereby the stress creates a mental block that affects the student's study habits, and the results are not satisfactory. 

This can affect their future as well as their present and in many ways, this could mean the difference between success or failure in life.

5. Inability To Defend Results And Certificates

The fifth effect of examination malpractices on students is that it could affect their future employment opportunities. 

They might not be able to defend their results and certificates before their employers leading many graduates to become unemployable.

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6. It causes Incompetence

Examination malpractices lead to poor grades. As a result of this, the individual will lose trust in himself/herself and will not be able to perform well in future assignments and tests. 

This leads to incompetence and incompetence leads to poor grades and failure in courses which could not only affect his career but also his plans and goals.

7. It Affects The Integrity Of A School Or Institution

Examination malpractices do not only affect students but also the school. 

If there are too many cases of examination malpractices that are not addressed by the school it will affect the school's competence and it will lose its ability to attract more students.

Examination malpractices are very evil acts that students use to cheat in examinations. 

The consequences of examination malpractices last a lifetime and the negative effects on a student's academics and personality transformation are lasting and real ones.

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who ever did this is a genius thanks very much

Wow very nice

it rely helped me. love you

it is helpful but it is mostly based for nigerian schools why don't you also shed light on the american and british schools seens they use their curicullum

This one in a million in human understanding This is beautiful ????????

It is tobad

You are so foolish

It's probably not

It helpfully in deed

Worst I hate it don't show it again

you're such a stupid hater this is so helpful I bet you were paid to say this

Good article the one that commented worst you are a witch because you have malpractise before nonsene????

Thanks a lot for this wonderful article, it has really enlightened me.

You guys are mad people

It enlightening me to doing it Thanks for supporting me

This article is quite gorgeous and very interesting, it's educational to our youths

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COMPLETE PROJECT-THE EFFECT OF EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE ON THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM

Click here to Get this Complete Project Chapter 1-5

CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY

Examination malpractice is the major clog on the wheel of the educational system in Nigeria. Maduemezia (2003) reported that the first examination malpractice in Nigeria occurred in 1914 during the Senior Cambridge Local Examination papers which were leaked before the scheduled date of examination. Thus, examination malpractice which started at a low trend became more pronounced in 1970, involving persons other than the candidates. Since then examination malpractice became more advanced and sophisticated. However, 1977 marked a watershed in the history of examination malpractice as there was an outcry in Nigeria on the credibility of West African Examination Council (WAEC), which was the only organ saddled with the responsibility of conducting public examination in Nigeria. Consequently, a Judicial Commission of enquiry headed by Justice Sogbetun was set up to look into the affairs of the WAEC in relation to the problems of efficient conduct of examinations and prompt release of results. The report acknowledged the excessive workload of WAEC and recommended reduction of its workload by establishing other examination bodies to take over some of its examinations.

Examination is defined as a formal test of one’s knowledge or ability in a particular subject especially by means of answering questions or practical exercises. Therefore, it is through examination that students are evaluated or tested to find out the quality of knowledge they have acquired within a specific period. Thus, examination could be either internal, external, oral, written or both. Continuous assessment scores, terminal, semester, annual or promotion examinations are examples of internal examinations. (Benard,1988). The external (public) examinations include Common Entrance Examinations for admission into Secondary Schools, School Certificate Examinations which are conducted by West African Examination Council (WAEC), National Examination Council (NECO). The Joint Admission and Matriculation Board (JAMB) now conduct the Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME).

The National Teachers’ Institute (NTI), National Business and Technical Examination Board (NABTEB) conduct examinations for teachers and technicians respectively. Although students’ performance in examination may not be the true reflection of their ability, till date however, examination still remains the best tool for an objective assessment and evaluation of what a learner has achieved after a period of schooling/training. In fact, it is one of the most reliable indicators used to determine the extent of students’ performance in a given training.

According to Awanbor (2004) therefore, defined examination malpractice as an illegal act committed by a single student or in collaboration with others like fellow students, parents, teachers, supervisors, invigilators, computer operators or secretarial staff and anybody or group of people before, during, or after examination in order to obtain undeserved marks or grades. The study in this regard wishes to determine the effect of examination malpractice on the educational system

1.2 STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM

The education system in Nigeria has being under continuous revolution with several infrastructural development in most secondary and tertiary institution in Nigeria but the issue of examination malpractice has become a clog on the wheels of the growth and development of the educational system in Nigeria. Some of the causes of examination malpractice include; poor socio-economic background of students, peer group, the fear of failure factor and lack of confidence among students. Secondly there have been several studies on examination malpractice but not even a single study has been carried out on the effect of examination malpractice on the educational system in Nigeria; hence a gap in the literature.

1.3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF STUDY

The main aim of the research work is to examine the effect of examination malpractice on the education system in Nigeria. Other specific objectives of the study include:

1.  To determine the effect of examination malpractices on the academic achievement of secondary school students in Nigeria

2.  To determine the causes of examination malpractices in secondary schools and tertiary institutions in Nigeria

3.  To investigate on the factors affecting student academic performance in secondary school and tertiary institutions

4.  To proffer solution to above stated problems

1.4 RESEARCH QUESTION

The study came up with research questions so as to be able to ascertain the above stated objectives of the study. The research questions for the study are stated below as follows:

1.  What is the effect of examination malpractices on the academic achievement of secondary school students in Nigeria?

5.  What are the causes of examination malpractices in secondary schools and tertiary institutions in Nigeria?

2.  What are the factors affecting student academic performance in both secondary school and tertiary institutions?

1.5 STATEMENT OF RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

H0:  Examination malpractice has no significant effect on the educational system in Nigeria.

H1:  Examination malpractice has significant effect on the educational system in Nigeria

1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY

The study on the effect of examination malpractice on the educational system in Nigeria will be of immense benefit to the entire secondary schools in Nigeria, the state and the federal government and other researchers that wishes to carry out similar research on the above topic as the findings from the study will educate the government on the effect of examination malpractice on the educational system in Nigeria, the study will also reveal the causes and effect and solution to examination malpractice in the Nigeria educational system

1.7 SCOPE OF STUDY

The study on the effect of examination malpractice on the educational system in Nigeria is limited to secondary schools in Benue state. The study will cover the effect of examination malpractice on the educational system in Nigeria and also the causes and effect and solution to examination malpractice in the Nigeria educational system

1.8 LIMIATION OF STUDY

Financial constraint – Insufficient fund tends to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature or information and in the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire and interview).

Time constraint – The researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic work. This consequently will cut down on the time devoted for the research work

1.9 DEFINITATION OF TERMS

Malpractices : It is the action of any person usually not in conformity with laid down rules and regulations whether internal or external.

Local Government Area : A group of towns and villages delimited as a result of the Local Government Edict No 13 of 1976.

Educators : As used here implies school principals, administrators and teachers sampled.

WAEC : West African Examinations Council

NECO : National Examination Council

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Write An Essay On Examination Malpractice | A Bane to Education

Examination malpractice, a scourge that has permeated the educational system worldwide and particularly in Nigeria, presents a significant threat to the development of a robust and equitable society. This essay aims to dissect the root causes, implications, and potential solutions for this deeply ingrained issue. Amidst the landscape of academic achievement, examination malpractice emerges as a destructive force, undermining the integrity of education and the value of genuine knowledge acquisition.

Table of Contents

Essay: The Plague of Examination Malpractice: A Closer Look

Examination malpractice is a deeply concerning issue, one that corrodes the very foundations of our educational system. It is the act of violating rules and regulations set for examinations, often characterized by dishonest actions such as cheating, plagiarism, impersonation, collusion, and the leakage of exam questions.

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Examination malpractice is not an isolated incident, but a product of various underlying factors. The pressure to excel academically often pushes students into the abyss of malpractice. This pressure is often a combination of societal expectations and parental pressure. Moreover, poor study habits, inadequate preparation, and fear of failure also contribute to students resorting to unethical means during examinations. Furthermore, insufficient supervision and lax examination procedures raise opportunities for malpractice, highlighting the need for stringent monitoring mechanisms in the examination system.

The Impact on Students and the Educational System

Examination malpractice is not without consequences. For students, it erodes academic integrity, undermines personal growth, and reduces self-esteem. Over-reliance on dishonest means during exams can greatly affect a student’s learning outcomes and knowledge acquisition. The long-term effects can be severe, leading to limited career prospects and a tainted reputation.

The education system also suffers from examination malpractices. The credibility and fairness of the system take a substantial hit. It creates an environment where the hard work of honest students is devalued, and it discourages effort and diligence. Further, it hampers the development of critical thinking and problem-solving skills, integral for the progress of any society.

Addressing Examination Malpractice

The fight against examination malpractice requires collective action from all stakeholders. Strengthening examination procedures and ensuring strict supervision is a vital step. A culture of academic integrity and ethical conduct should be promoted among students. Innovative teaching and learning methods need to be encouraged to diminish the dependency on rote memorization. A system of consequences and penalties, including academic and legal, should be enforced effectively against those found guilty of examination malpractices.

In conclusion, examination malpractice is a gloomy shadow that looms over the educational system, eating into the integrity of the system and negatively affecting students and society as a whole. A combined effort from education institutions, policymakers, parents, and students is needed to pull education out of this quagmire and restore faith in the system.

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Examination Malpractice In Nigeria: Causes, Effects & Solutions

• Post author: Edeh Samuel Chukwuemeka ACMC
• Post published: June 26, 2021
• Post category: Scholarly Articles

Examination malpractice in Nigeria: Examination malpractice has eaten deep into the education system of Nigeria to the extent that it can no longer be totally defeated. Many scholars have corroborated the fact that examination malpractice cannot be easily eliminated in Nigeria any longer because a considerable number of students and parents in the country accepts it. It will also surprise you to know that 75% of students who take WAEC and JAMB examination in special centers around the country, where examination malpractice is prevalent, were advised by their parents to go there.

These days, school principals, teachers and even external examination supervisors help candidates to pass their examinations through examination malpractice just for them to get paid. Frankly speaking, education in Nigeria is really in a chronic state. Many scholars are of the view that there is actually no hard and fast rule for whipping off examination malpractice from the examination system of Nigeria.

In this article, i will be analyzing and discussing examination malpractice in Nigeria. Particularly, i will be looking at the forms of examination malpractice in Nigeria, the causes of examination malpractice in Nigeria, effects and solutions to the problem of examination malpractice in Nigeria.

On this note, if you have been searching the internet for an article that clearly explains examination malpractice in Nigeria, this is the article you have been looking for. Trust me; you will not regret reading this work.

Meanwhile, it is pertinent to note that the information provided in this article applies to all levels of education in Nigeria. So, the solutions highlighted here will be applicable for both primary, secondary and tertiary institutions in Nigeria. Without wasting any more time, lets quickly look at the definition of examination malpractice and its different forms.

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Table of Contents

What is examination malpractice?

To understand the meaning of examination malpractice, it is important to take each word one after the other. First, an “ examination ” is a formal test of a person’s knowledge or proficiency in a subject or skill. In Nigeria, the test is usually conducted before a student will be allowed to graduate to a higher level of education.

According to Oxford learned dictionary, malpractice is an improper, illegal, or negligent professional behaviour . In law, malpractice has a different meaning (though not totally different). It means, negligence or lack of competence in the act of a professional in any field.

From the definitions given above, examination malpractice can simply be defined as an improper or illegal conduct by a candidate of an examination with the intention of passing the examination. Most times parents are to be blamed when students engage in examination malpractice because, they are responsible for the moral life of their children.

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It has also been stated by many scholars that to ensure a drastic decrease in the rate of examination malpractice in Nigeria, the role of parents is very important. In other words, parents can actually contribute to an increase or decrease in the rate of examination malpractice in Nigeria. This assertions will be explained later in this article. Meanwhile, lets quickly look at the forms of examination malpractice in Nigeria.

Kindly watch the video below for a more elaborate explanation of the problem of examination malpractice in the Nigerian education sector.

Forms of examination malpractice

Below are the different forms of examination malpractice in Nigeria:

1. Impersonation : This is one of the well known forms of examination malpractice in Nigeria. Impersonation is simply the act of pretending to be another person for the purpose of helping that person write an examination. This form of examination malpractice is very rampant in Nigeria. In fact, in Nigerian universities today, students who fail their courses don’t usually rewrite those courses themselves. They will rather pay someone to impersonate them and write the course for them.

The reason why this form of examination malpractice is rampant in Nigeria is because, the country has not attained the kind of technological advancement that is needed to avoid any type of impersonation. Take for instance, before WAEC examination is taken in Nigeria, there usually no scrutinizing of students before the examination starts. Thus, many engage in examination malpractice through Impersonation just to pass the examination.

Over the last two years, about 2000 candidates have been punished for impersonation during WAEC examination. This is to tell you the severity of this form of examination malpractice. It is indeed the most rampant form of examination malpractice in Nigeria today.

2. Smuggling of extraneous materials: Another form of examination malpractice in Nigeria that is used by almost every bad student is the bringing of extraneous materials into examination hall. Nowadays, students who cannot pay the money required for impersonation, usually come into the examination hall with extraneous materials to aid themselves in the examination. This could be by bringing notebooks, papers, mobile phones or laptops into the examination hall to source for information.

General speaking, bringing extraneous materials into examination hall is prohibited in most of the examinations conducted in Nigeria. But even at that, many student still engage in this form of examination malpractice, not minding what will be the punishment or outcome of their actions.

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3. External assistance: This form of examination malpractice is normal in examinations like JAMB UTME, WAEC and NECO. In this form of examination malpractice, it is actually the exam officers that come rescue students who did not prepare for the examination in return for some money. Sometimes, the exam officers can also threaten students to pay some money so that they can be helped or else, they will fail. In this case, both students who prepare very well for the examination and those who did not must engage in examination malpractice since that is the only way they can pass the examination.

This form of examination malpractice is rampant in Nigeria again. The reason is because, examination bodies like the West African Examination Council (WAEC), Joint Admission and Matriculation Board (JAMB) and even the National Examination Council (NECO) has made efforts to see that examination officers cannot ask students for money in other to pass the examination.

4. Copying during examination: This is a general form of examination malpractice. It is seen in both primary, secondary and tertiary education level in Nigeria.

Students in Nigeria who did not prepare very well for their examination end up coping from their classmates or friends just to pass the examination. In Nigeria, the act of coping during examination is known to be done by smart students because it is only a smart student that can copy from his classmates without being caught by their teacher/lecturer.

5. Collusion : Last on the forms of examination malpractice in Nigeria is collusion. This form of examination is always used during written examinations like WAEC and NECO. In this case, students share information passed (in paper) to them by their teachers to pass external examinations.

The answers that are shared among the students are usually the answers to the exact questions in the examination they are talking.

Many a time, this form of examination malpractice does not work because, students tend to share one particular answer. Thus, it will be very easy for the examination body to find out that there was actually examination malpractice in the examination center.

It is pertinent to note that almost all the examination bodies in Nigeria are already aware of the different forms of examination malpractice in the country. Frankly speaking, WAEC, NECO, JAMB and even POST UTME examination are very strict nowadays. In fact, it is very difficult if not impossible to engage in examination malpractice using any of the forms above. Thus, i enjoin every Nigerian student who is going through this article, to stop planning of engaging in examination malpractice in Nigeria because, those plans will definitely fail.

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Causes of examination malpractice in Nigeria

Below are the causes of examination malpractice in Nigeria:

• Failure of our education system
• Poor parental upbringing:
• Undue emphasis on Certificate
• Environmental factor
• Failure to prepare for examination
• Over population in schools

1. Failure of our education system: First and foremost, I must highlight the fact that the reason why many students cheat during examination is because of the failed education system of the country. In Nigeria today, many students have come to understand that they are wasting their time studying because it’s not going to pay off at the end of the day.

Think about it, after graduating from the university, many students end up in places where they are paid just N20,000 to N50,000 monthly which it totally unfair in some situations. On the other hand, the winner of the well known BBNaija show in Nigeria is paid over 90 million for just winning a competition that adds nothing to the society in the long run.

After considering all of this, a lot of Nigerian students are discouraged to continue putting in all their efforts in education because they believe it won’t pay off. The stress and pain they go through will surely end in sorrow so they prefer not paying to much attention to their studies.

In my school (The University of Nigeria, Nsukka, UNN), I know of many students who have this mindset I have explained above today and I don’t really blame them because the country is not really encouraging education in any way.

That is why many Nigerian students now are engaged in a lot of online scam. Some pay more attention to making money through bitcoin and other businesses than their education. This is a very big problem and it is one of the major causes of malpractice in the education sector.

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2. Poor parental upbringing: This is undoubtedly one of the most contributing causes of examination malpractice in Nigeria. As it is rightly said, charity begins at home. Anything a person displays in the public is what he was taught at home. If a child uses any of the forms of examination malpractice just to pass an examination, it is apparent that his actions is as a result of the kind of morals built in him/her as a child. This is why Poor parental upbringing is seen as one of the causes of examination malpractice in Nigeria today.

To further examine this point, i will tell you a story of a friend of mine who failed her first WAEC examination because of his parental upbringing. He took his first WAEC examination in 2017 but his results were withheld. The reason was because he depended so much on examination malpractice and WAEC found out. Before the examination, his parents told him not to worry about passing WAEC examination because they will make sure he had the best WAEC grades ever. That year, he didn’t read for the examination. In fact, was so happy because he thought he would pass without going through the stress other students were going through.

Unfortunately, when the result came out, WAEC withheld the result of all the students who took examination in the miracle center were he wrote the examination and never released it. That was how my beloved friend failed his first WAEC examination. The next year, he had to read very hard and his hard work actually paid off at last.

3. Undue emphasis on Certificate: The emphasis placed on school certification in Nigeria is becoming alarming. You will agree with me that many Nigerian students no longer care about learning in school any longer. What matters most to them is to make the best grades in all their subjects/courses.

I have noted in many of my articles that while it is important to remind students that making good grades is very important, teachers and Lecturers must ensure to tell them that making good grades is not the reason why they came to school. The goal is to learn in school and secondly, to make good grades.

They way teachers and parents lay emphasis on making good grades from school has actually caused many students to engage in examination malpractice just to make sure that they reach up to the required marks. For example, I know of a guy in my class who only cares about making good grades in school. He will never share his ideas with anybody because he wants to be the best in the class. Sometimes, he goes to the extent of paying teachers so that they will supply examination questions to him even before the examination.

In this case, it is not really this parents that caused him to engage in examination malpractice. It is the high level of emphasis placed on making good grades before graduating that caused him to engage in examination malpractice.

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4. Environmental factor: Believe it or not, environment matters too. The place a child grew up will also affect the way he see examination malpractice. I am saying this because I am one of the persons whose view of examination was affected by the environment.

In 2017 when I took my first external examination by the West African Examination Council (WAEC), i couldn’t resist the urge to register for examination in a miracle center because almost all my friends and age mates in my community register in a miracle center.

The only reason why I ended up not taking my WAEC examination in a miracle center was because my parents forced my not to. They were bent on making sure that I prepare and pass the examination all by myself. Eventually, I passed the exam with good grades and I can proudly say that in the public because I can defend my certificate.

The point I am trying to point here is that, sometimes students who engage in examination malpractice do so because their environment accepts it. That is to say, environmental factor is also one of the causes of examination malpractice.

5. Failure to prepare for examination: Unlike the old days, majority of students of nowadays don’t prepare for examination. They walk into their examination hall with empty heads and expect God to do magic for them. When they find out that can not pass the examination on their own, they will resort to examination malpractice as that is their only option.

A typical example of a student like this is my roommate when I was in 300level at the University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus (UNEC). He never read his books for one day. What he new how to do best was to party with his friends and come back to school during weekends to do his assignments. During examinations, supervisors usually watch him closely because he is generally known as the king of examination malpractice. So you see, failing to prepare for examination is actually one of the causes of examination in our society today.

6. Over population in schools : What do you expect 150 students to do during examination when they are all congestion in classroom. Obviously, the environment is already encouraging examination malpractice in the first place. This is the case in almost all the government owned secondary and tertiary institution in Nigeria.

The reason why I am bringing up this point is because, I went to a government owned secondary school. During my days, we were about 250 in just one classroom. Our teachers don’t even care whether or not students are engaging in examination malpractice because the population was too much. Even the brilliant ones like me that always hid my answer during examination could no longer hide them because the classroom was too congested.

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Effects of examination Malpractice in Nigeria

Below are some of the likely effects of examination malpractice in Nigeria if nothing is done to reduce it:

• Dearth of professionals in Nigeria
• Decrease in the nation’s integrity
• Increase in corruption
• Underdevelopment. 

1. Dearth of professionals in Nigeria: Believe it or not, if examination malpractice is not given a good fight in Nigeria, the country will definitely get to a stage where there is dearth of professionals in every sector. What this means is that, there will be few or no professional doctors, lawyers and even engineers in the country.

Now, imagine a country where there is only a few number of good lawyers. Apparently, innocent citizens of that country is going to suffer because of injustice. Government will have a justification for all their evil deeds and unjust policies.

Accordingly, in a country where there is no professional and qualified doctor, people will die because of little sicknesses or professional misconducts on the part of the unqualified doctor. I know of a man in my community who died as a result of the overdose given to him by his own son who is a medical doctor. He was one of those rich men who will always pay for his child to pass any examination in school. Eventually, his own actions killed him. Obviously, his son is one of the products of examination malpractice.

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2. Decrease in the nation’s integrity: This is the case in Nigeria presently. In recent times, students prefer to study abroad than in Nigeria. The reason is because, people who studied in Nigeria are valued lesser than those who study abroad. The funniest part of it is the fact that, Nigerian students now prefer to study in less developed countries like Ghana, South Africa and even Gambia which Nigeria is far better than. This points to the fact that Nigeria’s education system is gradually declining and the nation’s integrity is going low too.

Nowadays, it is probably impossible to see a Nigerian, who graduated from a Nigerian university, going to further his/her education in Harvard or Manchester University. In fact, before top universities like Harvard or Manchester will admit a Nigeria, there must be proper scrutinizing of the student to be sure that he/she is truly academically sound.

3. Increase in corruption: Corruption is one of the biggest problems Nigeria is having today. In fact, i am of the opinion that corruption is the only problem in Nigeria because every other problem of Nigeria is as a result of corruption. One of the likely consequences of examination malpractice in Nigeria is an increase in corruption rate.

Trust me; if the students are taught to solely depend on examination malpractice to pass their examination, they will grow with the understanding that cheating is not really bad. Undoubtedly, this will reflect every other aspects of their life.

As it is rightly said, the youths are the leaders of tomorrow. Whatever that is inculcated in them today, will definitely grow with them. So, if they are allowed to cheat during examination, then looting public funds won’t be a problem too.

4. Underdevelopment: It will surprise you to know that one of the reasons why Nigeria is still underdeveloped is because our education system has not been able to produce enough qualified students in different fields of study. It seems as if our education system is more concerned about producing students who can write examination and pass very well, than those who can actually put into practice what they have been taught.

This is actually the reason why the country is still underdeveloped after many years of independence. Believe it or not, only about 20% of the federal university universities in Nigeria are currently equipped with all the necessaries a good university should have. As a result of this, students concentrate more on passing their examination because that is the only way they can be deemed fit in their various professions.

Solutions to Examination Malpractice in Nigeria

Below are some tentative solutions to the problem of examination malpractice in Nigeria:

• Good parental upbringing
• Increase in the salary of teachers
• Incentives for those who report malpractice cases
• De-emphasizing of the need for certificate
• Creation of more schools and learning facilities
• Government should encourage education

1. Good parental upbringing: From my discussion in the early part of this work, it is clear the parental upbringing contributes a lot to examination malpractice in Nigeria. The way a child is trained can increase or decrease the rate of examination malpractice in Nigeria. The reason is because, most people act the way they act in the public because, that is the way they were trained.

On that note, if parents can inculcate in their children that examination malpractice should be fraund upon at all times, there will be a drastic decline in the rate of examination malpractice in Nigeria with time.

In 2007, my friend told me the story of a student who insisted that he will not engage in examination malpractice even when every other person was. The student told the investigator that his mother warned him not to engage in examination malpractice and that he must obey his mother. When I heard of this, I was amazed. No doubt, good parental upbringing can really decrease the rate of examination malpractice in Nigeria.

2. Increase in the salary of teachers: I have come to realize that not every teacher/Lecturer actually likes encouraging students to engage in examination malpractice. Sometimes, teachers engage in examination malpractice because their salary is not enough for them. Thus, in other to increase their salary, they will ask students to pay some amount of money so as to enable them pass the examination.

Trust me; if the government should increase the salary of teachers in school by 30%, there will be less case of examination malpractice in Nigeria. To corroborate this, many teachers have expressed the opinion that one of the tentative ways through which examination malpractice can be fought in Nigeria is by increasing the salaries of teachers. It will really go a long way to curb examination malpractice in this country.

3. Incentives for those who report malpractice cases : In 2011, the government of Nigeria deviced a new way of catching corrupted persons in the country. The government made a public announcement that there will be incentives for anyone who reports any case of corruption to the government. That year, many corrupt public officers were exposed. In fact, some corrupt people who didn’t want to get caught started to pressurize the government to stop the policy.

If that same tactics is deployed in fighting examination malpractice in Nigeria, there will be a rapid decrease in the rate of examination malpractice in Nigeria. Truth be told, most people who enjoin students to engage in examination malpractice, don’t like it. Some of them are forced to do it because they are indigent. So, if the government or any any examination body in Nigeria starts giving incentives to people who report cases of examination malpractice, i strongly believe that the rate of examination malpractice in Nigeria will decrease in a short time.

4. De-emphasizing of the need for certificate: Until less emphasis is placed on paper qualification in Nigeria, many students will not stop striving to get good grades in school through any means. I have stated in the early part of this article that one of the reasons why many students engage in examination malpractice is for them to get the best grade while in school, as that will determine how fit they are in their profession.

Employers of labor must understand that grades does not really show that someone is fit for a job. What will show that someone is really fit for a job is the practical capacity of that person. It is possible for a student who had low grades while in school to work better than another student with good grades in thesame area of specialty.

My point hear is that for examination malpractice to reduce, it is necessary that lesser value be placed on the paper qualification of students.

5. Creation of more schools and learning facilities: This is on the part of the government. By creating more schools in Nigeria, there will be less number of students in a particular classroom and that will discourage examination malpractice in any form. Evidently, students in schools where there are very low numbers of students perform more better than those in over populated schools.

The reason is because, in those less populated schools, students are well monitored to ensure that they actually learn what is being taught in the classroom. However, no teacher/Lecturer in an overpopulated school has the time and strength to do that.

Providing learning facilities will also help to foster learning in school. It will help students to know the what they are supposed to know at every level of their education. In my opinion, creating more schools and learning facilities will go a long way to solve the problem of examination malpractice in Nigeria.

6. Government should encourage education : Trust me, if the government starts encouraging education there will be a drastic reduction in the number of examination malpractice recorded in the country every year. In the United States of America currently, students who are not able to completely pay for their education can be given loan by the US government .

This does not only show that their education is important. It also encourages students in the US to keep studying.

Increasing the salary of every profession is also a good idea because when students are confident about what they can earn after graduating, they won’t be looking for ways to make money or scam other people online.

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From my discussion so far, it is evident that the problem of examination malpractice can be drastically reduced in Nigeria, even though it cannot be totally stopped. With the tentative solutions I have proffered, there is no doubt that Nigeria’s education system can still come back to life.

However, for this to happen our parents, government and teacher must also play their role effectively. The Nigerian society must see examination malpractice as an abominable act. This will help to deter many students from engaging in examination malpractice in the country.

Hope this article was helpful? If you still have any question or contribution to this article, kindly send them via the comment section. Remember, your solution to the problem of examination malpractice in Nigeria can also help to save the country’s educational system.

Edeh Samuel Chukwuemeka, ACMC, is a lawyer and a certified mediator/conciliator in Nigeria. He is also a developer with knowledge in various programming languages. Samuel is determined to leverage his skills in technology, SEO, and legal practice to revolutionize the legal profession worldwide by creating web and mobile applications that simplify legal research. Sam is also passionate about educating and providing valuable information to people.

This Post Has 27 Comments

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Expository essay on Examination Malpractice

Introduction.

Jump ahead to:

Examination malpractice is defined as any intentional misconduct that violates examination standards and is intended to provide a candidate with an unfair advantage. It is commonly known as cheating. It is the criminal conduct that students engage in during exams to improve their grades by cutting corners. Misconduct causes significant harm to pupils because many of them neglect their books, intending to perform the magic they are accustomed to performing in every examination.

Examination misconduct in the educational system has been widely disputed and seen as a serious problem not just by examination boards but also by school administrators, the educational system as a whole, the government, and society at large. Many of these anomalies or misconducts revolve around the examination. They have increased at an alarming rate over the previous three decades.

It is now expected that there is a standard practical method of passing an examination. 

Examining Malpractices in Various Forms

The following are some examples of examination malpractice:

• Leakage: This occurs when the content of an examination is revealed before taking the test. It usually entails inspecting authority personnel, printers, proofreaders, and messengers.
• Impersonation: When a person who is not enrolled as a candidate for a specific examination takes the place of someone who is. This is usually accomplished through collaboration between the chief examiner and the examination supervisor. It typically involves tertiary institution students taking the test in exchange for monetary compensation or a favor for a girl or boyfriend.
• Foreign Material Smuggling: This is possibly the most widespread type of misconduct. It refers to the illicit introduction of materials (e.g., parts or entire notebooks, textbooks, microchips, and answers) into the test hall. Foreign materials are smuggled into pants, shoes, hems, and bras, dropped or fastened in the examination hall before the exam, or even smuggled by candidates or their helpers.
• Plagiarism: Copying from another candidate’s work, with or without permission.
• Makers Malpractice: Willful manipulation of marks with the intent of inflating or deflating a candidate’s original marks. Either exam officials or candidates can start this.

Misbehavior During Examination

• Bringing unlawful materials related to the examination being taken into the examination hall.
• Copying with cooperation
• “Giraffing” is copying without cooperation.
• Presenting identical responses/answers to the same question(s) by two or more students, even if the question(s) has been canceled.
• All kinds of communication during an examination, such as passing or dropping papers and collecting or picking papers, and the appearance of different handwriting in a student’s script.
• Courier: The smuggling of exam question papers or materials from or to the examination hall.
• Reading notes or textbooks in the restroom or outside is prohibited during the relevant examination.
• Mobile phones and data or information storage devices are not permitted in examination halls.

Recommendations

Based on the research following are the recommendations to reduce examination misconduct 

• Students who commit examination misconduct are determined to be academically deficient. The flaw might be traced back to a shaky base in their educational ladder. Consequently, it is advised that improvements be made in education delivery, particularly at the foundation, i.e., primary and secondary levels.
• To combat the new wave of e-cheating, a restriction on the use of mobile phones, BBs, and IPADs in examination halls should be implemented.
• Stakeholders should stop paying for examination malpractice services. Religious and community leaders should intervene on behalf of parents who insist on their children receiving the greatest possible outcome without making genuine attempts to achieve it.
• The rigor and schedule of examinations should be examined so that when a student legitimately complains about being unable to write a test, he can do so. Another suitable time should be organized for him, perhaps in summer exams; this will eliminate the phobia of failure, resulting in impersonation and other forms of malpractice.

Examination malpractice occurs in all types of examinations, and cheating in these examinations is a routine. Everyone continues to this cankerworm in the school system, and all punishments put in place to deter it are near, if not wholly, ineffectual.

The factors could be traced to the social value system, candidate behavior, parental behaviour, and the educational system. The repercussions could be disastrous for both the education system and society.

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