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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Risk management - Insurance'

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Lin, Yijia. "Mortality Risk Management." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2006. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/rmi_diss/14.

Fischer, Tom. "Valuation and risk management in life insurance." Phd thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://elib.tu-darmstadt.de/diss/000412.

Siyi, Zhou. "Essays on financial and insurance risk management." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.586894.

Mutenga, Stanley. "Risk management for property casualty insurance companies." Thesis, City University London, 2001. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/7600/.

Siokis, Vasilios. "Risk measurement and management of insurance companies." Thesis, City University London, 2001. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/8400/.

Agarwal, Ruchi. "Implementation of Enterprise Risk Management practices." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25823.

Jabbour, Mirna. "Investigation of risk management changes in insurance companies." Thesis, Brunel University, 2013. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7964.

Siu, Tak-kuen. "Risk measures in finance and insurance." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2323426X.

Li, Chenxuan. "Risk management in ship finance : a marine insurance perspective." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/33735.

Leboho, Nakedi Wilson. "Quantitative Risk Management and Pricing for Equity Based Insurance Guarantees." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96980.

Paiz, Fernando. "Political risk insurance : a solution to capital flight?" Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67102.

Sundin, Jesper. "Risk contribution and its application in asset and risk management for life insurance." Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-188873.

Taylan, Arzu. "Urban Disaster Risk Management With Compulsory Earthquake Insurance In Turkey." Phd thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611234/index.pdf.

Jiang, Yuansheng. "Health insurance demand and health risk management in rural China /." Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/387845968.pdf.

蕭德權 and Tak-kuen Siu. "Risk measures in finance and insurance." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31242297.

Chen, Shu-Ling. "Three essays on agricultural and catastrophic risk management." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1179368620.

Roselle, Russell Paul. "Rational Corporate Risk Management Policy: An Extension of Traditional Risk Management Theory to Incorporate Observed Managerial Behavior." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31910.

Reynecke, Werner Nielen. "Enterprise risk management in the South African insurance industry / W.N. Reynecke." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4215.

Vo, Dinh-Tri. "Essays on enterprise risk management : the case of european insurance industry." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLE018/document.

Strydom, Johann J. (Johann Jurie). "Risk warehousing within insurance firms and the role of securitization." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65789.

ZHANG, Jian. "Insurance and self-protection for increased risk aversion." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2017. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/fin_etd/18.

Krauss, George E. Kuhne Gary William. "Continuing professional education of insurance and risk management practitioners a comparative case study of customer service representatives, insurance agents and risk managers /." [University Park, Pa.] : Pennsylvania State University, 2009. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-4837/index.html.

Huh, Jungmoo. "A study of risk management and capital allocation in Korean Insurance Companies." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65804.

Maj, Mateusz. "Essays in risk management: conditional expectation with applications in finance and insurance." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209668.

Rinaldo, Iversen Pierre. "A Case Study on Long-tail Risks and Risk Mitigation in Risk Management : How can AGCS make best use of risk mitigation measures for drafting product liability policy wordings?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-150522.

Gallenstein, Richard Anthony GALLENSTEIN. "Three Essays on Agricultural Microfinance and Risk Management." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1500565176891763.

Hunter, John, and Jakob Westin. "Credit risk management : Possibilities for a housing price insurance on the Swedish market - lessons from Canada." Thesis, KTH, Bygg- och fastighetsekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-76091.

Mustika, Ganjar. "Optimal bank regulation and risk management for Indonesia." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2004. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/8000.

Giesbert, Lena-Anna. "Microinsurance and risk management." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Landwirtschaftlich-Gärtnerische Fakultät, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16900.

Schreiber, Irene [Verfasser], and Francesca [Akademischer Betreuer] Biagini. "Risk-minimization for life insurance liabilities / Irene Schreiber. Betreuer: Francesca Biagini." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1031380809/34.

Smith, Etienne Roche. "A critical analysis of current vs proposed risk underwriting and claims management procedures at Sasguard Insurance Company Ltd." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/847.

Coffey, Brian K. "NEW INPUT AND OUTPUT RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR LIVESTOCK PRODUCERS." UKnowledge, 2001. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/164.

Doff, René Roelof. "Risk management for insurance firms a framework for fair value and economic capital /." Enschede : University of Twente [Host], 2006. http://doc.utwente.nl/57118.

Collin, Constance. "Towards a working crop insurance market : an integrated strategy of systemic risk management." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100006.

Daňková, Marcela. "Pojištění pro kynologickou organizaci a její členy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-376772.

Chen, Hua. "Contingent Claim Pricing with Applications to Financial Risk Management." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/rmi_diss/22.

Matsdotter, Lina, and Ellinor Drevendal. "Solvens II : Hur påverkas Svenska försäkringsbolag av de ökade kraven på intern kontroll, riskhantering och rapportering till marknaden?" Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-19854.

Yang, Jie. "Incentives of Managed Care Insurance and Treatment Choices in Low-Risk Primary Cesarean Delivery." Thesis, Wayne State University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10929029.

In response to climbing health care costs in the United States, many insurers and policy makers would like to eliminate waste in healthcare by steering spending toward the most cost-effective treatments. Obstacles to achieving this goal include identifying specific medical settings where overuse occurs, and then developing strategies to prevent overuse without harming patient welfare. My study examined childbirth, the number one reason for hospitalization in the US, where the overuse of medical resources primarily takes the form of nonmedically indicated cesarean deliveries.

The financial tools (physician payment differential and patient’s cost sharing) and other tools (utilization management, physician profiling, and practice guidelines) of managed care insurance create varied incentives that could affect behaviors of physicians and patients. Using data from the MarketScan commercial database, I proved that in a fee-for-service setting, physician’s financial incentives (physician payment differential) and patient’s financial disincentive (patient’s cost-sharing) affect treatment choices on childbirth delivery method, and other incentives from managed care insurance have little effect. My study also found that more restrictive nonfinancial tools in non-capitated HMOs which are expected to reduce the use of cesarean sections turn out to have little effect, while lower cost-sharing in non-capitated HMOs leads to more use of cesareans. It could provide two health policy implications: (1) health plans with generous benefits may need more restrictions and effective regulations aimed at cost control, and (2) raising patients cost-sharing may prove effective for managing medical expenses. Finally, a “What if” analysis sheds light on the likely effectiveness of various changes in managed care insurance design intended to reduce low-risk primary cesarean deliveries.

Bierth, Christopher [Verfasser], Gregor Nikolaus Felix [Akademischer Betreuer] Weiß, and Denefa [Gutachter] Bostandzic. "Essays on risk management and systemic risk in insurance / Christopher Bierth. Betreuer: Gregor Nikolaus Felix Weiß. Gutachter: Denefa Bostandzic." Dortmund : Universitätsbibliothek Dortmund, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1112268367/34.

Bierth, Christopher [Verfasser], Gregor [Akademischer Betreuer] Weiß, and Denefa [Gutachter] Bostandzic. "Essays on risk management and systemic risk in insurance / Christopher Bierth. Betreuer: Gregor Nikolaus Felix Weiß. Gutachter: Denefa Bostandzic." Dortmund : Universitätsbibliothek Dortmund, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:101:1-201608252317.

Prud'homme, Andrea McGee. "Business continuity in the supply chain planning for disruptive events /." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.

Berg, Isak, and Richard Stadig. "Market-consistent valuation of a pension product with guarantee in line with Solvency II : An applied case study to improve knowledge about how rationality and stressed conditions with respect to market- and insurance risk will impact the balance sheet." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för matematik och matematisk statistik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-123141.

Essel, Rudolf. "Short-term insurance of political risks in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20005.

Seo, Sangtaek. "Effects of federal risk management programs on investment, production, and contract design under uncertainty." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3117.

Tian, Ruilin. "Moment Problems with Applications to Value-At-Risk and Portfolio Management." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/rmi_diss/21.

Wu, Mei Lan Actuarial Studies Australian School of Business UNSW. "Modelling dependent risks for insurer risk management: experimental studies with copulas." 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40645.

Ho, Chao-chin, and 賀照芹. "Life Insurance Industry Risk Management Study." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55666702064175425738.

Lin, Yi-Yun, and 林意芸. "Risk Management and Risk Taking of Life Insurance Industry in Taiwan." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65084300921386079307.

Lin, Yi-Hsin, and 林宜欣. "Determinants of Aviation Insurance and Risk Management Strategy." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89502941702179698483.

賴昱誠. "The risk management by the life insurance agents." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35743281676269487694.

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" A RESEARCH ON CONSUMER PERCEPTION ABOUT LIFE INSURANCE POLICIES "

Related Papers

József Banyár

Why should I read this? Because it is worth to know the logical struchrre of the solutions (and the solutions themselfs) make the long term plamring of the life cycle possible. Because you can know the matematical models behind one of the most bigger financial sector. Because you can recognize the functions and working of the life assurances from Lhe all slakeholders' ( consumers', intermediaries', providers' and regulators') point of view. This book is English version of the second edition of the Hungarian textbook. lt tries to provide a comprehensive pichrre on the aims and working of the life assurances including the traditional mathematical considerations and connections which are making possible the premium and reserve calculation.

International Journal for Research in Applied Science & Engineering Technology (IJRASET)

IJRASET Publication

Life insurance is an essential financial product that provides protection and financial security to individuals and their families in the event of unforeseen circumstances such as death or disability. However, people's perception towards life insurance varies widely depending on their personal beliefs, experiences, and cultural backgrounds. Some individuals perceive life insurance as a necessary and valuable investment, providing peace of mind and security for their loved ones in the event of their untimely demise. Others may view life insurance as an unnecessary expense or a product only for the wealthy. Factors such as age, income, education, and cultural background can also influence people's perceptions of life insurance. For instance, younger individuals may perceive life insurance as less important, while older individuals may view it as a necessity. Similarly, people with lower incomes may see life insurance as unaffordable or a low priority compared to other financial needs. Overall, understanding people's perceptions towards life insurance is important for insurance companies to develop appropriate marketing strategies and products that meet the needs of different customer segments. It is also crucial for individuals to educate themselves about the benefits of life insurance and how it can provide financial security and peace of mind for themselves and their loved ones.

Kiyara Singh

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dolly vaish

The aim of this paper is to examine the buyers’ perception towards life insurance policies offered by the public and the private sector organizations while focusing on some important factors viz. knowledge, information, awareness, literacy and views about life insurance policies among buyers. This paper is an attempt to investigate the overall perception of the life insurance buyers targeting pre and post buying behavior. This research study was surveyed on a variety of buyers of Indore city (Madhya Pradesh) based on various demographic factors. The research findings revealed that still people do not pay due importance to life insurance policy, they prefer other financial instruments, such as- bank deposit, mutual funds, stock market and some others. The study also found that the policies which are propagated by agents, and endorsed by organizations, have been in higher demand. The buyers treated life insurance as an investment and tax saving instrument instead of risk coverage inst...

Hazariah Karsahid

Insurance is designed to provide protection to individuals or business against specified contingencies. Life insurance policy is designed for the purpose to give a protection to the human life especially to the insured. These policies provide a wide defence for the policyholders including several benefits such as hospitalization and other medical benefits. It also covers death, disability and disease suffered by policyholder. In today’s insurance industry that comprises of namely Takaful, reinsurance, life and general,aside from conventional insurance, there is an alternative of insurance coverage for Muslim customers, which is called Takaful. The basic idea of Takaful is similar to conventional insurance, which is, to provide protection to individuals and corporate bodies from occurrence of loss and hazards. It is important that the consumers have a better understanding of the life insurance products so that it could fit their needs and wants. Henceforth, this studyaims (i) to iden...

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Arburim Shabani

The life insurance industry is a new field in the Kosovo market, which has shown rapid development in the last two decades. The purpose of this study is to find the main factor which impacts individuals in Kosovo in the decision to purchase a life insurance policy. This research was done in two different periods, one in 2009 and the other in 2021, using the same research methodology and aiming to compare the results of the two time periods. The first part of the research was carried out in 2009 and lasted about three months, while the second was in the last two months of 2021. Data are collected through a survey using a questionnaire designed for the study. Data analysis has shown that benefits from disability insurance are a crucial factor for life insurance. Ranjan et al. (2020) say that with increased competition, the life insurance industry has adopted innovative practices to capture a larger market; therefore, companies are developing their capabilities for penetration, distrib...

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MD. FERDUSH RAHMAN Dept. of Marketing

alemayehu gabisa

Journal of Business Administration

Dr. Nazrul Islam

This paper attempts to identify the factors responsible for buying life insurance policies by the people of Bangladesh. The purpose of the paper could be attributed by the very low per capita life insurance policy, which is lower in compared to other developing countries of the world. To conduct the study, 300 persons were surveyed from the insurance policyholders, insurance officials, insurance agents, and insurance experts. The policyholders were selected from government and non-government life insurance companies. Among them, the only government life insurance company named Jibon Bima Corporation and three leading private life insurance companies including Delta Life, National Life, and American Life Insurance Companies were included in the survey. These 4 life companies occupy about 80% of the total life insurance market. To analyze data, both descriptive and inferential statistical tools were used. This study identified buying factors using Multivariate Analytical Technique such as, Factor Analysis. The results show that there are 14 buying factors responsible for not buying life insurance policies by the people of Bangladesh. The most important factor is difficulty in continuation of insurance policy in the long run. The reason is attributed by the financial insolvency of the people. The second important buying factor is 'after maturity service' followed by general belief of the people, family plan, controversial idea, government policy, behavior of the insurance agents, awareness of the people, income of the household, attachment with insurance, peer group influence, occupational risk, age of the potential insured, and lack of insurance information. The financial inability may not be changed overnight, however, the after maturity services could be improved by the life insurance companies. The major concern of the life insurance policyholders is related to the claim settlement procedures of the insurer companies. Most often the policyholders have to take pains to get back insured amount from the company. The insurance company should extend their best possible services from the starting of the policy till to the maturity and settlement of the claims.

vidur chandna

India is a country where the average selling of life insurance policies is still lower than many western and asian countries, with the second largest population in world the Indian insurance market is looking very prospective to many multinational and Indian insurance companies for expanding their business and market share. Before the opening of indian market for Multinational Insurance Companies, Life Insurance Corporation (LIC) was the only company which dealt in Life Insurance and after opening of this sector to other private companies, all the world leaders of life insurance have started their operation in india. With their world market experience and network, these companies have offered many good schemes to lure all type of Indian consumers but unfortunately failed to get the major share of market. Still the LIC is the biggest player in the life insurance market with approx 65% market share. But why Indian counsumers do not trust on many companies and why the major population of india do not have any life insurance policy or what are the factors plays major role in buying behavior of consumers towards life insurance policies.

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An investigation of the insurance sector's contribution to economic growth

Haizhi Tong , University of Nebraska - Lincoln

The importance of the insurance industry in an economy has been well recognized. Yet there is no extensive study on this area. In this dissertation, the economic role of the Insurance sector has been studied through (1) setting up theoretical models to illustrate how insurance growth may contribute to economic growth and (2) conducting a series of empirical studies to find whether there is empirical evidence to support the models developed. Although the insurance sector plays several important roles in economic growth, I only focus on two roles here in the dissertation. First, property and liability insurance serve as risk sharing institutions in an economy. Second, life insurance sector can provide more long run capital into an economy. I develop two theoretical models to illustrate the above two roles separately. In the property and liability insurance model, an economy, which is composed of risk-averse agents, without an insurance sector is set up first. It shows that individual utility maximization can not achieve social optimization. After an insurance sector is introduced into the economy, social optimization can be achieved through individual utility maximization. In the life insurance model, contractual savings institutions, which include life insurance companies, can shift short term savings to long term savings. At the end of this part, a discussion is presented to link insurance sector with the technological progress. Four countries data have been studied to see whether there is empirical evidence for the above models developed. Three empirical methods are employed and compared: OLS, simultaneous equations and fixed effect model. All four countries data show evidence that property and liability insurance promote economic growth. However, two countries data show that life insurance promote economic growth while the other two countries data have just the opposite conclusion. Some possible reasons for this evidence are presented.

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Tong, Haizhi, "An investigation of the insurance sector's contribution to economic growth" (2008). ETD collection for University of Nebraska-Lincoln . AAI3315878. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/dissertations/AAI3315878

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Essay on Insurance: Top 6 Essays | Insurance Management

After reading this essay you will learn about:- 1. Meaning of Insurance 2. Fundamental Principles or Features of an Insurance Contract 3. Types 4. Double Insurance 5. Re-Insurance 6. Advantages/Utilities/Importance.

Essay on Insurance

Essay Contents:

• Essay on the Advantages/Utilities/Importance of Insurance

Essay # 1. Meaning of Insurance:

Risk and uncertainty are incidental to life. These risks and uncertainties are increasing day by day due to increase in fastness of life. Man may meet an untimely death. He may suffer from accident, destruction of property from fire, sea, floods, earthquakes and many other causes. Whenever there is uncertainty, there is risk as well as insecurity.

ADVERTISEMENTS:

It is to provide against risk and insecurity that insurance came into being. The main principle underlying insurance is the pooling of risks. It is a co-operative device to spread the loss caused by a risk (which is covered by insurance) over a large number of persons who are also exposed to the same risk and insure themselves against that risk.

According to W.A. Dinsale, “Insurance is a device for the transfer of risks of individual entities to an insurer, who agrees, for a consideration (called the premium), to assume, to a specified extent, losses suffered by the insured.

According the Mehr and Cammack, “Insurance is a social device for reducing risk by combining a sufficient number of exposure units to make their individual losses collectively predictable. The predictable loss is then shared proportionately by all those in the combination.”

According to D.S. Hansell. “Insurance is a social device providing financial compensation for the effects of misfortune, the payments being made from the accumulated contributions of all parties participating in the scheme.”

According to Schultz and Bradwill, “Insurance in its technical sense is a social device which employs the use of pooling technique to eliminate uncertainty,”

According to Justice Tindal, “Insurance is a contact in which a sum of money is paid by the assured in consideration of insurers incurring the risk of paying a large sum upon a given contingency.”

The agency which helps in entering into this arrangement is called Insurer or insurance company. The person who gets his life/property insured is called Insured/Assured. The agreement or contract, which is put in writing, is called Policy. The thing on property insured is called the subject-matter of insurance and the interest of the assured in the subject-matter is called his insurable interest.

To conclude, a contract of insurance is a contract by which a person, in consideration of a sum of money, undertakes to make good the loss of another against a specified risk, e.g., fire, or to compensate him or his estate on the happening of a specified event, e.g.. accident or death.

Essay # 2. Fundamental Principles or Features of an Insurance Contract:

Insurance contract is based on certain fundamental principles.

These principles are:

(i) Essentials of a Valid Contract:

The contract of insurance must have all the essentials of a valid contract.

According to Indian Contract Act, 1872, a valid contract must possess the following essentials:

(t) Offer and acceptance

(ii) Capacity to contract

(iii) Free consent of parties

(iv) Lawful consideration and object

(v) Contracts not specifically declared void.

(ii) Utmost Good Faith:

The contract in insurance is uberrima fides, e.g., both the parties must disclose all material facts. Concealment of any fact will entitle the insurer to deprive the assured of benefits of the contract.

Each party mush reveal to other party all information which would influence the other’s decision to enter into the contract. Although a party must not make any false statement, he is not bound to disclose to the other party all that he knows or ought to know about the transaction.

But there are certain cases where the knowledge of facts is almost exclusively on one side. In such cases, the contract is vitiated by non-disclosure of any material fact or a misstatement. Such contracts are known as contracts of uberrima fides or contracts based on ‘utmost good faith’.

The rule of caveat empter, i.e., let the buyer beware, does not apply to the contracts of insurance.

The assured knows more about the subject-matter of the contract than the other party (the insurer). Consequently he is under a duty to disclose correctly all material facts known to him to the insurer, so that insurer may be in a position to make an accurate estimate of the risk that he is undertaking.

It is not easy to define material fact. It depends upon the circumstances of each case. A material fact is one which goes to the root of contract of insurance, and which must be stated with perfect degree of accuracy. If the utmost good faith is not observed by either party the contract may be avoided by the other.

A proposer should disclose all material facts at the time of making the proposal not only those facts which he honestly thinks to be material but every fact which a reasonable man would have thought to be material.

(iii) Insurable Interest:

The assured must have an actual interest called the insurable interest in the subject-matter of the insurance. A person is said to have an insurable interest in the subject-matter (property or life) if he is benefitted by its existence and is prejudiced by its destruction. Without insurable interest the contract of insurance is void. It is the existence of insurable interest in a insurance contract that differentiates it from a wagering contract.

A banker has an insurable interest in the property mortgaged to it against a loan. A person has insurable interest in his own life. A creditor can insure the life of his debtor. A person has insurable interest in the building he owns.

An employer can insure the lives of his employees because of his pecuniary interest in them. A businessman has insurable interest in his stock, plant and machinery, building, etc. Husband has interest in the life of his wife and wife in the life of her husband.

Is it necessary in all forms of insurance?

Insurable interest is necessary to support every insurance contract. In case of Life Insurance, insurable interest must be present at the time when the insurance is effected. It is not necessary that the assured should have insurable interest at the time of maturity also.

In case of Fire Insurance, insurable interest must be present both at the time of insurance and at the time of loss. In case of Marine Insurance, insurable interest must be present at the time of loss. It may or may not present at the time of insurance.

(iv) Indemnity:

A contract of insurance is a contract of indemnity. The principle of indemnity is applicable to all types of insurance except life, personal accident and sickness insurance. That means that the assured in the case of loss against which the policy has been made shall be fully compensated and never more than the value of the policy. The insurer agrees to make good the loss but the insured, however, is not entitled to make a profit out of the loss.

A contract of insurance does not remain a contract of indemnity if a fixed amount is to be paid by the insurer to the insured on the happening of the event insured against, whether he suffers a loss or not. A contract of life insurance is not a contract of indemnity. In life insurance, the insurer is liable to pay the sum mentioned in the policy upon the happening of the contingency (death, or expiry of a certain period).

(v) Mitigation of Loss:

The next essential principle of insurance is that in the event of some mishap to the insured property, the assured must take all necessary steps to mitigate the loss. The insurer must act in a prudent manner as if he were in-insured.

However, he should do his best: yet in case of his own death he is not required to do so. If he does not do so the insurer can avoid the payment of loss attributable to his negligence. In nutshell, he is bound to do his best under the circumstances, but he is not bound to do at the risk of his life.

(vi) Risk Must Attach:

A contract of insurance is enforceable if and only if the risk has been attached. If the risk is not run the consideration fails, and therefore the premium received by the insurer must be returned The premium is to be returned even where the risk is not run or could not be run due to the fault, will or pleasure of the assured.

A policy is not attached till the risk begins and is not attached after the risk is determined one way or the other, except in those special insurance where both the parties being ignorant of the position of the thing insured, contract to insure it lost or not lost.

(vii) Contribution:

Sometimes a property is insured with more than one company. Where there are two or more insurances on one risk, the principle of contribution applies between insurers. The objective of contribution is to distribute the actual amount of loss among different insurers who are liable for the same risk.

In case of loss, any one insurer may make the payment to the assured the full amount of loss covered by the policy. After paying this amount, he is allowed to claim a contribution from his co-insurers in proportion to the amount which each has undertaken to pay in case of loss.

The principle of contribution is applied to any insurance which is a contract to indemnity. It does not apply to life and personal accident insurance.

(viii) Subrogation:

The principle (or doctrine) of subrogation is a corollary to the principle of indemnity and applies only to fire and marine insurances. It does not apply to life and personal accident insurances. If the insured party gets a compensation for the loss suffered by him, he cannot claim the same amount of loss from any other party.

Subrogation is a substitution of one person in place of another in relation to the claim, its rights, remedies or securities. Whenever, an assured has received full indemnity in respect of his loss, the insurer is subrogated to only the rights and remedies available to the assured in respect of the thing to which the contract of insurance relates. The insurer’s right to subrogation arises only when he pays the loss for which he is liable under the policy.

(ix) Causa Proxima or Proximate Cause:

The insurer can recover the loss only if it is proximately caused by any of the perils insured against. This is known as the principle of Causa Proxima. “Every loss that clearly and proximately results whether directly or indirectly from the event insured against is within the policy.”

The rule of proximate cause runs as Causa Proxima Non-Remote Spectator, i.e., the proximate and not the remote cause is to be looked to, and if the proximate cause of the loss is a peril insured against, the assured can recover the amount of the loss from the insurer.

The question, which is the causa proxima of a loss, can only arise where there are a succession of causes. When a result has been brought about by two or more causes, you must, in insurance law, look to the nearest cause, although the result would, no doubt, not have happened without the remote cause.

Proximate does not mean the nearest in time. The cause which is truly proximate is that which is proximate in efficiency. If the loss is the result of such an efficient cause, it will be regarded as having been caused by the proximate cause.

Section 55 of the Marine Insurance Act, 1963 lays down that unless the policy otherwise provides, the insurer is liable for any loss proximately caused by a peril insured against.

Essay # 3. Types of Insurance:

There are a number of types of insurance, but the following types stand out as being of special importance:

(i) Life insurance

(ii) Fire insurance

(iii) Marine insurance

(i) Life Insurance:

In life insurance contract the amount of the policy is definitely paid, it is a question of time only. The amount becomes payable on the death of the assured or on the expiry of a certain fixed period, whichever is earlier. Life insurance contract is not a contract of indemnity.

Life insurance is a contract by which the insurer, in consideration of a premium, undertakes to pay a certain sum of money on the death of a person whose life is insured, or on the expiry of a certain period, whichever is earlier. Life insurance contract is not a contract of indemnity. The loss of life cannot be compensated and only a specified sum of money is paid.

Fundamental Principles/Features/Essentials of Life Insurance Contract :

Life insurance contract is based on certain fundamental principles.

1. Essentials of a Valid Contract:

The life insurance contract must have all the essentials of a valid contract.

According to Indian Contract Act, 1872, a valid contract must contain the following essentials:

(i) Offer and acceptance.

(ii) Capacity to contract.

(iii) Free consent of parties.

(iv) Lawful consideration of object.

2. Utmost Good Faith:

The contract of life insurance is a contract of utmost good faith. The insured should be honest and truthful in giving information to the insurance company. He knows more about the subject-matter of the contract than the other party (the insurer).

Consequently, he is under a duty to disclose accurately all material facts known to him to the insurer. Concealment of any fact will entitle the insurer to deprive the assured of the benefit of the contract.

3. Insurable Interest:

In life insurance, the insured must have insurable interest in the life assured. Without insurable interest the contract of insurance is void. In case of life insurance, insurable interest must be present at the time when the insurance is Affected. It is not necessary that the assured should have insurable interest at the time of maturity also.

In the following three cases insurable interest is presumed and no proof is necessary, viz.:

(i) Own life

(ii) Husband in the life of wife, and

(iii) Wife in the life of husband.

The following persons have been held to have insurable interest:

(i) A person is presumed to have an interest in his own life and every part of it.

(ii) A creditor has an insurable interest in the life of his debtor,

(iii) A proprietor of a drama company has an insurable interest in the lives of actresses.

(iv) A servant engaged for a term of years has insurable interest in the life of his employer.

4. Contract of Indemnity:

A contract of life insurance is not a contract of indemnity. The loss of life cannot be compensated and only a specified sum of money is paid. That is why the amount payable in life insurance on the happening of the even is fixed in advance. Once the ‘sum of money’ payable is fixed, it is constant invariable. A contract of insurance, therefore, is not a contract of indemnity.

The loss resulting from the death of life assured cannot be estimated in terms of money and only a fixed amount is paid.

How to Effect Life Insurance (I.E., Procedure)?

A number of steps are taken to effect life insurance policy.

These steps are:

a. Proposal:

Before taking a life insurance policy, it is important to take proposal for which is available free from the office of Life Insurance Corporation. Agents also supply this form. The form contains a number of questions about the health of the person, family background, and the mode of paying premium.

As we know that the contract of insurance is based on utmost good faith. So the proposer must answer all the questions correctly. He should not conceal any factual information. Concealment of any fact will entitle the insurer to deprive the assured of the benefits of the contract.

b. Medical Examination:

After the proposal form has been submitted, a medical examination of the person to be insured is arranged. Such examination can be conducted only by a doctor approved by the insurance company. The medical report of the applicant is directly forwarded by the doctor to the office of the company.

c. Acceptance of Proposal:

The proposal form is sent to the company along with medical report and the comments of the insurance agents. The proposal form is scrutinised by the company and if the company is satisfied, the proposal is accepted.

d. Proof of Age:

The applicant has to furnish satisfactory proof of his age to the insurance company.

The proof of the age can be furnished through any one of the following:

(i) A certificate from the Municipal Birth Register

(ii) A certificate of High School

(iii) The horoscope of the assured

(iv) Service Book

(v) Certificate relating to the Baptism ceremony among Christians.

e. Premium:

When the proposal is accepted, it is intimated to the applicant and he is asked to make the payment of premium. On the payment of premium the policy comes into operation and the risk is covered then onwards.

f. Insurance Policy:

After receiving the installment of first premium, the insurance company prepares the insurance policy. The policy is in the form of an agreement between the insurance company and the assured to pay a certain sum of money to the assured on the happening of the event mentioned in the policy.

It bears the signatures of the officials of the insurance company. When the policy is ready, it is sent to the assured by registered post. It contains the assureds’ name, address, occupation, age, amount of insurance, number of installments, amount and date of premium, etc.

Different Kinds of Life Insurance Policies:

The life insurance policies are of the following types:

1. Whole Life Policy:

Under this policy, premium is payable throughout the life time of the life assured. The sum assured becomes payable only on the death of the insured. These policies are taken out to make provision for the dependants. This policy is also called ‘Ordinary Life Policy’.

2. Endowment Policy:

This is most popular form of life insurance. This policy is taken up for a specific period known as ‘endowment period’. The sum assured is payable either on the death of life assured or on the expiry of a fixed period, whichever is earlier. If the person does not die upto the maturity of the policy, he shall get back the insured amount after the maturity of the policy.

3. Joint Life Policy:

This policy implies to husband and wife or the partners of a business. They can have a joint policy. It is like Endowment Policy. The sum assured under a Joint Life Policy (on two or more lives) is payable at the end of the endowment term or on the first death of any one the lives assured, whichever is earlier. Such policies are usually taken by partnership firms to provide for the payment of the capital of the deceased partner.

4. With or Without Profit Policy:

Life insurance policy may be ‘with profit’ or ‘without profit’. The assured is entitled to the share in the profits of the insurer if the policy is a ‘with profit’ policy. Contrary to this, in case of ‘without profit’ policies, such a question does not arise.

5. Annuity Policy:

Under annuity policy, the amount is payable by the insurer not in lump sum but by monthly, quarterly, half-yearly or annual installments which are paid either until death or for a specified number of years. This policy is very useful to those persons who desire to provide a regular income for themselves and their dependants after the expiry of a specified period.

6. Sinking Fund Policy:

These policies are mostly taken by firms and companies to accumulate funds to pay off a liability or for making a provision for the replacement of an asset after a period of time.

7. Convertible Whole Life Policy:

This policy is issued as a whole life policy with a provision to convert it into an Endowment Policy after the expiry of a specified period (say 5 years). If this option is not exercised, the policy continues as a whole life policy with premiums ceasing at a certain age.

8. Group Insurance Policy:

This policy may be taken out for the protection of lives of all employees in a business concern. One policy is issued to the employer with individual certificates indicating the amount of insurance protection of each employee. Dependants of the employees are entitled to the benefits of these insurances.

(ii) Fire Insurance:

Fire insurance covers losses caused by fire. A fire insurance is an agreement between the two parties, i.e., insurer and insured, whereby the insurer undertakes to indemnify the loss suffered by the insured in consideration for his (insured) paying of certain sum called premium. Fire Insurance is a contract of indemnity. This contract does not help in controlling or preventing fire but it is a promise to compensate the loss.

A contract of fire insurance is a contract whereby the insurer, in consideration of the premium paid, undertakes to make good any loss or damage caused by fire during a specified period. Normally, the fire insurance policy is for a period of one year after which it is to be renewed from time to time.

A claim for loss by fire must satisfy the following two conditions:

(i) There must be actual loss; and

(ii) Fire must be accidental and non-intentional.

The risk covered by a fire insurance contract is the loss resulting from fire or some cause which is the proximate cause of the loss. If damage is caused by over­heating without ignition, it will not be regarded as a fire loss within the meaning of fire insurance contract and the loss will not be recoverable from the insurer.

Fundamental Principles/Essentials/Features/Characteristics of Fire Insurance Contract:

Fire insurance contract is based on certain fundamental principles.

a. Insurable Interest:  

In fire insurance, the assured must have insurable interest in the subject-matter of the insurance. Without insurable interest the contract of insurance is void. In case of fire insurance, insurable interest must be present both at the time of insurance and at the time of loss. In case of goods, insurable interest arises on account of (i) ownership, (ii) possession, and (iii) contract.

The following persons have insurable interest in the subject-matter of insurance in case of a fire policy:

(i) A person has insurable interest in the property he owns.

(ii) A businessman has insurable interest in his stock, plant and machinery and building.

(iii) Agent has an insurable interest in the property of his principal.

(iv) Partner has insurable interest in the property of partnership firm.

(v) Mortgagee has insurable interest in the property which is mortgaged.

b. Utmost Good Faith:

The contract of fire insurance is a contract of utmost good faith. The insured should be truthful and honest in giving information to the insurance company. Insured knows more about the subject-matter of the insurance.

He is under a duty to disclose accurately all factual information known to him. The insurance should also disclose the facts of the policy to the proposer. So utmost good faith on the part of both the parties is a must.

c. Indemnity:

The contract of fire insurance is a contract of indemnity. The assured can, in the event of loss, recover the actual amount of loss from the insurer. This is subject to the maximum amount for which the subject-matter is insured. The value of the policy undertaken is fixed at the time of contract. The actual amount of loss suffered is compensated and the value of policy is only the maximum limit.

If a person has insured his house for Rs. 40,000 the insurer is not necessarily liable to pay that amount, although the house may have been totally destroyed by fire; but he will pay the actual loss within the maximum limit of Rs. 40,000.

Kinds of Fire Insurance Policies:

The fire insurance policies are of the following kinds:

i. Valued Policy:

It is a policy in which the amount payable in case of loss is fixed at the time when the policy is taken. In the event of loss, the fixed amount is payable irrespective of the actual amount of loss. Valued policy is not a contract of indemnity. It can be legally challenged.

ii. Specific Policy:

The specific policy provides for the payment of a specific sum in respect of loss to the property and does not penalise under-insurance. This policy is also known as ‘Average Policy’ because the insurer usually inserts the average clause in the policy.

iii. Floating Policy:

The floating policy covers several lots of goods lying at different places under one insurance cover. It is always subject to average clause.

iv. Comprehensive Policy:

It covers the risks of the fire arising out of any cause that is civil, communication, riots, thefts, labour disturbances and strikes, etc.

v. Consequential Loss Policy:

In certain cases fire can’ cause the loss of business of the insured. Such persons to cover the risk of business due to fire, undertake the consequential loss policy.

vi. Re-installment or Replacement Policy:

In such a policy, the insurer has the right to reinstate or replace the property destroyed instead of paying cash. The modes of discharge by the insurer are alternative. If the insurer selects one, he cannot afterwards change to the other. If the insurer offers to pay, he cannot afterwards claim to re-instate and vice versa.

vii. Sprinkler Leakage Policy:

This policy covers the loss arising out of water leakage from sprinkles which are set up to extinguish fire.

viii. Average Policy:

In this policy, the average clause is inserted which means the insured will have to bear proportionate loss with the insurer in case where policy is taken for a certain amount greater than the value of the property.

The formula for calculating average amount of claim is given below:

Amount of Claim or Average Loss = Insured Amount x Actual Loss/Actual Value of Property

ix. A Blanket Policy:

It is issued to cover all the fixed and current assets of an enterprise by one insurance.

x. Declaration Policy:

Under this policy, trader takes out a policy for the maximum value of stock which he may expect to hold during the year.

(iii) Marine Insurance:

It is one of the oldest forms of insurance. It covers all marine losses, that is to say, the losses incidental to marine adventure. Marine insurance may be called a contract whereby the insurer undertakes to indemnify the insured in a manner and to the extent thereby agreed upon against marine losses.

A contract of marine insurance is an agreement whereby the insurer undertakes to indemnify the insured in the manner and to the extent thereby agreed, against marine losses. Marine insurance is an arrangement by which the insurer undertakes to compensate the owner of a ship or cargo for complete or partial loss at sea.

The contract of marine insurance is a contract of indemnity. The assured can. on the happening of the event, recover the actual amount of loss, subject to the maximum amount for which the subject-matter has been insured.

Subject-Matter of Marine Insurance:

The following three things are covered in the subject-matter of marine insurance:

1. Cargo Insurance:

The goods to be sent through ship is called ‘Cargo’. For the safety of goods, insurance policy is taken. The goods are generally insured according to their value but some percentage of profit can also be included in the value. At the happening of the event insurance company is liable to pay both value of the goods plus profit percentage. The rate of premium depends upon the nature of goods, packing, etc.

2. Hull Insurance:

When the ship is insured against any type of danger, it is called ‘Hull Insurance’. The ship may be insured for a particular period or for a particular trip.

3. Freight Insurance:

The freight may be paid in advance or on the arrival of goods. The shipping company will not be entitled to get freight, if the goods are lost in transit. The shipping company may insure the freight to be received which is called ‘Freight Insurance’.

Marine Insurance Contract :

Marine insurance is an agreement by which the insurer undertakes to compensate the owner of a ship or cargo for complete or partial loss at sea.

In other words, under marine insurance, the insurer undertakes to indemnify the insured in the manner and to the extent thereby agreed against marine losses.

Among the subject-matter of marine insurance are included:

(ii) Cargo, and

(iii) Freight.

Marine Insurance Contract is a Contract of Indemnity :

The contract of marine insurance is a contract of indemnity. The assured can, in the event of loss recover the actual amount of loss from the insurer. Under no circumstances, the insured is allowed to make profit out of the marine insurance contract.

However, it becomes difficult to determine indemnity when the loss occurs. That is why, most insurance policies provide a commercial indemnity rather than a strict legal indemnity. They promise to indemnify ‘in the manner and to the extent agreed’.

In case of ‘Hull Policy’, the amount insured is fixed at a level rather above the current market value and in case of ‘Cargo Policy’, the amount insured also includes an amount for certain charges and profit.

Marine Insurance Contract is a Contract of Good Faith :

The contract of marine insurance is a contract of uberrima fides, i.e., utmost good faith. Both the insured and insurer must disclose everything which is in their knowledge and can affect the insurance contract. The insured should be truthful and honest in giving information to the insurance company.

He is under a duty to disclose accurately all factual information known to him. The insurer should also disclose the facts of the policy to the proposer. If utmost good faith is not observed by either party, the contract may be avoided by the other party. So utmost good faith on the part of both the parties is a must.

Kinds of Marine Insurance Policies:

The marine insurance policies are of the following kinds:

1. Valued Policy:

The valued policy contains the insured value of goods which is made up of invoice price, charges like freight, shipping and insurance and 10 per cent margin to cover profits and other incidental expenses. That is, it is the C.I.F. price (Cost, Insurance and Freight Price) plus 10 per cent profit.

2. Open or Unvalued Policy:

In this policy the value of the goods insured is not mentioned and is to be calculated when the actual loss arises. Unvalued policies’ are rarely issued.

3. Floating Policy:

This policy is popular with those merchants who make regular and frequent shipment of goods through an established route. Instead of taking many individual policies, one running policy is taken and the necessary particulars relating to the voyage are given by subsequent declaration at the time of each separate shipment.

4. Voyage Policy:

In such a policy the risk is covered for voyage of the ship or a specified route. Each voyage is made the basis of marine insurance for covering the related risks from the port of departure to the port of destination. Generally, the cargo owner takes the Voyage Policy for each separate shipment of goods.

5. Time Policy:

These policies are taken to cover all marine risks for a specified period, usually on the yearly basis, Cargo-owners may also take up time policies covering all shipments during a fixed period.

6. Mixed Policy:

These policies are issued by combining both the time and voyage features under one coverage. In this policy, the coverage is allowed for a particular time and for a particular voyage or a definite route.

Differences between Fire Insurance and Marine Insurance:

Essay # 4. Double Insurance :

When the same subject-matter is insured with two or more insurers and the total sum insured exceeds the value of the subject-matter, the assured is said to be over-insured by double insurance. As stated in Section 34 of the Marine Insurance Act, 1963, over-insurance and double insurance are valid unless the policy otherwise provides.

For instance, if Mr. X insures his factory worth Rs. 2 lakh with three insurers as—with A for Rs.90,000, with B for Rs. 80,000 and with C for Rs.70,000 there is a double insurance because the aggregate of all the policies exceeds the total value of Mr. X’s factory. If Mr. X insurers with A for Rs.80,000, with B for Rs. 70,000 and with C for Rs. 50,000 there is no double insurance.

A man may insure with as many insurers as he pleases. In case of loss, he may claim payment from the insurers in such order as he may think fit, but he will not get more than his actual loss, because a contract of insurance is a contract of indemnity. The insurers as between themselves are liable to contribute to the loss in proportion to the amount for which each one is liable.

If an insurer pays more than this proportion of the loss, he is entitled to recover the excess from his co- insurers. In India, Life Insurance Corporation of India being the only insurer of life there is no question of double insurance of life.

Essay # 5. Re-Insurance:

Every insurer has a limit to the risk that he can undertake. If at any time a profitable venture comes his way, he may accept a risk beyond his capacity, he may re-insure the same risk either wholly or partially with other insurers. This is known as re-insurance.

The re-insurer is not liable to the assured. This is because there is no private of contract between them. The re-insurance is subject to the clauses and conditions in the original policy, and is also entitled to any benefits which the Original policy is entitled to. The policy or re-insurance is co-extensive with the original policy.

If the original policy for any reason comes to end or is avoided, the policy of re­insurance also comes to an end. On payment of loss under the policy of re-insurance, the re-insurers are subrogated to all the rights of the original insurer including the rights of the assured to which the original insurer is subrogated.

Re-insurance can be resorted to in all kinds of insurance because the insurer has one insurable interest in the subject-matter insured to the extent of the amount insured by him.

Essay # 6. Advantages/Utilities/Importance of Insurance:

Immense are the benefits of insurance to the modern business. The goods may destroy due to fire beyond the control of man. The goods also destroy in transit. The workers are sometimes exposed to various risks which can cause death or permanent disability of some workers. Insurance has been helpful in solving these problems of business and private life.

Following are the advantages of insurance:

1. There is always a fear of sudden loss. Insurance provides security against such losses. Insurance gives security to both individuals and businessmen. Nowadays insurance covers various social welfare schemes also. There are schemes providing for sickness. Unemployment, health accident and old age insurances. These schemes are beneficial to poor people and also help in establishing social justice.

2. The fundamental principle of insurance is to spread risk among a large number of people. A large number of people get insurance policies and make the payment of premium to the insurer. Whenever a loss occurs, it is compensated out of funds of the insurer. The loss is spread among a large number of policyholders.

3. Insurance not only provides protection against risks but it is also a good form of investment. The insurance develops a habit of saving money by paying premium. In case of fixed time policies, the insured gets a lump-sum amount after the maturity of the policy.

4. Insurance helps in capital formation and economic development of the nation. Large funds are collected by way of premiums. These funds can be gainfully employed in industrial development of the country. The employment opportunities also increase by large investments made by insurance companies. So insurance has become an important source of capital formation.

5. These days large variety of policies have been designed for different purposes. Persons, by taking different types of life insurance policies, may provide against every type of his social and business obligation, i.e., for the education or marriage of the children, etc.

6. Insurance has helped the development of international trade on a large scale. Marine insurance provides protection against all types of sea-risks.

Related Articles:

• Notes on Over and Under Insurance
• Notes on Reinsurance: Meaning and Types
• Notes on Insurance: Meaning, Need and Functions
• Risk in Insurance: Meaning, Types and Its Transfer

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Health Insurance Thesis

You are on your way to being a master in your area of study, and as a master, you must have perfect equanimity so that you can be able to solve all kinds of problems involving health insurance policies. But the question is, how can you execute your tasks without being able to explicate a health insurance thesis? If you consider the fact that you will still have many other responsibilities, then we begin to wish that there existed a template method for generating any kind of thesis that would be reliable in all circumstances. In this article, we simulate the process of being able to come up with an optimal thesis statement for health insurance.

In this case, we will:

• Understand the nature of the task requiring a thesis about health insurance.
• Investigate the facts around the task while engaging our intuition
• Begin to articulate our ideas from the subconscious mind
• Analyze the emergent logic of our subconscious and conscious thought
• Come up with a draft thesis about health insurance
• Refine and polish our thesis statement on health insurance.

By so doing, we hope to come up with powerful and feasible thesis statements about health insurance. This is because our unconscious and subconscious minds have more information, are less inhibited and are creative adaptive. Our conscious mind, on the other hand, is inhibited and prone to fatigue, inattentiveness, and other inhibitions like object dependence and habituation. Our proposed method allows us to use our conscious minds efficiently by managing subconscious information and using it creatively when making health insurance thesis statements.

Understanding the Task Requiring Thesis Statement about Health Insurance

Kant’s question on how we can know facts without simulation is answered by stating that knowledge is never possible without simulation only that the human mind is hardly aware of the simulations that run on the psycho-physiological composition that we call the human being. We now have evidence that brainwaves act as filters that allow specific psycho-physiological reactions. A good example is REM sleep associated waves. One dreams of running but rarely will the dreamer actually run. Considering theories about why we dream we find that they are problem-solving instances.

Therefore, we can use a similar technique when making a thesis statement on health insurance. By inducing brainwave frequencies conducive for creativity and focusing on the prompt requiring thesis about health insurance we are guaranteed of coming up with brilliant and workable ideas. Hence, we need to:

• Relax the body and mind so that we don’t divert resources on distractions
• Conduct an exegetical study of the prompt
• Personalize the task by seeing how our personal needs can be met while seeking a thesis about health insurance
• Synthesize the information acquired from the prompt with personal aspiration
• Create a new synthetic prompt for our work

We relax the body and mind by doing simple physical exercise and by controlling breath and focusing on a single object. This is the essence of meditation as practiced by most ancient philosophers like Pythagoras or Plato. A good technique for practice is that of following the breath. The thinker is supposed to mentally focus on the movement of breath into and outside the body without being distracted by mental events.

Exegesis, on the other hand, entails understanding how the social and historical setting affects the intended meaning of an assertion. For example, deriving a thesis statement for health insurance for a time when global political order is changing is different from deriving a health insurance thesis at a time of global political stability.

Investigating Tasks Using Intuition

We now need to apply some of the techniques we used for understanding the prompt for general research and investigation to achieve:

• Controlled awareness of our actions
• Triumph over our psychological weaknesses
• Deep creativity for efficiency in our work
• Conscious control of dreaming and fantasy

Our health insurance thesis statement will definitely be built on conducting a relevant and impactful literature review. While using search engines and library catalogues will avail sought literature, we need to have a way of finding what to search for from within. Being aware of what we are doing enables us to consider the reasons and habits behind our actions. These, in turn, allow us to have new perspectives for consideration.

If an investigator is too eager for a result then chances are high that he or she will distort facts towards their wishes. Such a situation compromises the quality of thesis statement about health insurance. Therefore, one must be able to see what they are doing clearly. A good example of doing this is having a work journal that has records of actions taken and experiences received while doing the work and later reviewing them as a spectator and asking critical questions about them.

We have conscious control of fantasy when we use thought experiments for example. Most scientists and thinkers like Einstein or Poincaré have shown how thought experiments help us to generate higher qualities of ideas. Commanding the mind to generate specific outputs is also another technique. All you do is tell your mind what you want and define when to start and stop the activity of finding a thesis statement about health insurance.

Beginning to Express Ideas from the Deep

Automatic righting and expression exists and is a powerful kind of technique for revealing our deep mind states. The idea here is to take a pen and paper and settle in a quiet place. Then command the mind to write what it perceives as important within a defined period and wait. This automatically leads to:

• Pre-writing key ideas for thesis statement on health insurance
• Evaluation of the pre-writing session
• Creation of basic argument statements
• Collection and grouping of arguments

Our consciousness is greatly surprised by the wealth and power of the unconscious because it is severely limited. For example, the conscious mind can only be attentive to up to nine separate items. These are hardly representative of the stimuli affecting the human system. By allowing the unconscious and subconscious to lead by generating the first ideas for our thesis statement on health insurance we deliberately increase the base and source for our work.

The making of a thesis about health insurance becomes more impactful to understand such circumstances. By power, we mean the ability to overcome obstacles that might be implied by our conscious ideas. For example, in the dream and fantasy states, we can fly or can do things that are unimaginable in wakefulness. Therefore, we are able to create new realities that solve the problems or challenges before us.

Logical Analysis for Developing a Thesis Statement for Health Insurance

A thesis statement for health insurance can only be derived from a logical analysis of what our deep mind has presented. Since we already have these ideas as pre-writes comprising of disjointed words, statements and expressions of feeling, we can begin by formalizing them in logical terms and mathematical definitions. For example, when analyzing risk we may say in our prewrite that, “mindfulness reduces risk” and elsewhere, “policy is for increasing premium at x%”. The logical analysis may ask how the two statements are connected and how the connection may be formulated.

Therefore this stage of development of health insurance thesis includes:

• Converting common language symbols to mathematical and logical entities
• Quantitative and qualitative analysis for patterns and trends
• Creation of basic argument units
• Design of entire argument and the actual formulation

Such kind of analysis brings us closer to making a health insurance thesis statement that is understandable and reasonable to others. This is because we will be able to conform to the language systems of our audiences and people with whom we work with. Besides this process helps us to focus our minds on what we are saying and can be deemed as an auxiliary form of investigation and analysis that is more focused on conscious experience.

This ensures that any thesis statement about health insurance balances both the conscious mind state and the unconscious. The result as argued by Jung down to Eric Berne and psychologists aware of how humans script behavior is a set of activities and behavior expression that resolves most of our existential tension. This kind of resolution could be termed as ‘nirvana’.

Drafting our Thesis Statement on Health Insurance

The harmonious connection between the mind and body is the beginning of joy in our work. Labor acquires a higher value, and all people we work with tend to have mutually satisfactory outcomes. This happens because we are now able to “love others as we love ourselves” and have less ambition for what isn’t authentic to our lives. This kind of joy finds easy expression, and our thesis statement on health insurance acquires a character that encourages others for a positive and creative response to our work.

Drafting of Our Thesis about Health Insurance Involves the Following Activities:

• Topic articulation and basic sentence formation
• Purpose analysis and refinement
• Hypothesis testing and simulation
• The actual drafting of the thesis statement for health insurance

These activities are conducted sequentially and iteratively so that we can have a clearly defined and articulated proposition that is useful in real life. Simulation is of particular importance in this case. A good example of how to conduct a simulation apart from the logical analysis is by use of tree diagrams. A tree diagram helps us to generate a health insurance thesis by considering the probabilities of actual events caused by ideas happening and by choosing optimal and critical paths.

Examples of Topics for a Health Insurance Thesis Statement

• Implication Of Physical Exercise On Utilization Of Health Care Services
• Cutting Your Expense On Health By Investing On Physical Exercise
• Utilization Of The Alternative Healthcare Practices To Improve Your Health
• Calculation Of Low Premium Rates For Micro Health Insurance Policies.

Completing the Thesis Statement about Health Insurance

Once we have seen the simulations of probable outcomes, we can now review our perception of the context of our actions and state our thesis statement about health insurance with confidence. This part consists of:

• Actual thesis statement about health insurance
• Proving the truth of the thesis statement on health insurance
• Proofreading the argument behind the thesis
• Presentation to an audience for criticism

The most critical part of this section is that of finding proof for the thesis about health insurance. This often means beginning to think out of the context that we’ve been working on and simulating different scenarios that may resonate with the initial conditions of our work. The idea is to show how even a different approach in the actual world supports the thesis statement for health insurance.

Sharing the derived health insurance thesis with another person adds a sense of oratory and urgency to the discourse. This is important because it is a simulation of the health insurance thesis communication and provides feedback on the quality and relevance of the health insurance thesis statement constructed.

This article has been about how as a master scholar one can be ready to generate an appropriate thesis statement for any topic or aspect of the study. For example, we have considered the topic of finding an optimal health insurance policy given the social and political context of a population sample. We have seen the role played by simulation and the importance of having a neutral disposition in the work while allowing the unconscious mind and the conscious to integrate to generate deep ideas.

Our approach has entailed the articulation of an algorithm that one can follow in order to create an optimal health insurance thesis statement and has shown examples of techniques that are relevant to the task. For example, we have highlighted the use of mindfulness practice, thought experiments and drawing of tree diagrams as simulation aids.

These techniques have then been shown to facilitate the creation of feasible thesis statements on health insurance that offer mutually satisfactory outcomes to users and participants. Further, the simulation-based techniques are shown to resonant with emerging trends in science where there is more interdisciplinary work based on quantum mechanics and complexity science.

What remains now is to attempt using the method illustrated on real-life challenges posed when we take certain roles in our thesis creation.