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Ano ang Kritikal na Pag-iisip | +11 Mahahalagang Tip para Mag-isip nang Mapanuri

Astrid Tran • 17 Setyembre, 2023 • 8 basahin

Ano ang kritikal na pag-iisip ? Bakit kailangan nating mag-isip nang mapanuri?

Sa isang mundong nag-uumapaw sa saganang impormasyon at maraming pananaw, ang sining ng kritikal na pag-iisip ay kumikinang bilang isang gabay na liwanag, na nagbibigay-liwanag sa mga paraan sa kalinawan at karunungan.

Kaya, Ano ang Kritikal na Pag-iisip, at Paano ito pagbutihin? Sumisid tayo sa artikulong ito upang matuto ng higit pang insight! Magugulat ka kung paano nakakatulong ang kritikal na pag-iisip na mamuhay ka nang mas mahusay, magtrabaho nang mas mahusay, at maglaro nang mas mahusay.

Talaan ng nilalaman

• Ano ang Critical Thinking?
• Bakit Mahalaga ang Kritikal na Pag-iisip?
• Paano Ilapat ang Kritikal na Pag-iisip at Mga Halimbawa?

Key Takeaways

Mga madalas itanong, ano ang critical thinking .

Ano ang Critical Thinking? Ito ay proseso ng sistematikong pagninilay, pagsusuri, at matalinong paggawa ng desisyon sa pamamagitan ng pagtatanong, pagkolekta ng datos, at pagsasaalang-alang ng magkakaibang pananaw, pabor o hindi pabor. Nilalayon nitong akayin tayo sa mga konklusyon at paghuhusga na may matatag na batayan.

Ang kritikal na pag-iisip ay hindi isang likas na katangian; ito ay hindi isang bagay na tayo ay ipinanganak. Maaaring magpakita ang mga indibidwal ng iba't ibang antas ng likas na pagkamausisa at kahusayan sa pagsusuri. 

Sa halip, ang kasanayan at pag-iisip na ito ay nagbabago sa paglipas ng panahon, pinalaki ng edukasyon, mga karanasan sa buhay, at mapagkakatiwalaang kasanayan. Bagama't hindi likas na katangian, lahat ay nagtataglay ng potensyal na linangin at patalasin ang napakahalagang kasanayang ito. Ito ay isang panghabambuhay na paglalakbay, na nangangailangan ng sadyang pagsisikap at isang patuloy na pangako sa pag-aaral.

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Bakit Mahalaga ang Kritikal na Pag-iisip? 

Ano ang kritikal na pag-iisip sa iyong opinyon? Mahalaga bang mag-isip nang mapanuri?

Mahalaga ang kritikal na pag-iisip dahil binibigyang kapangyarihan nito ang mga indibidwal na mag-navigate sa masalimuot at mayaman sa impormasyon na mundo nang epektibo. Pinahuhusay nito ang mga kakayahan sa paglutas ng problema, nakakatulong sa paggawa ng matalinong mga desisyon, at nagpapaunlad ng mas malalim na pag-unawa sa mga isyu. Ito ay isang mahalagang kasanayan sa edukasyon, tagumpay sa karera, at pang-araw-araw na buhay, na nagbibigay-daan sa mga indibidwal na mag-isip nang mas malinaw at kritikal sa iba't ibang konteksto.

• Ang mga kritikal na palaisip ay lubos na pinahahalagahan sa propesyonal na mundo. Maging sa mga tungkulin sa pamumuno o bilang isang miyembro ng koponan, ang kritikal na pag-iisip ay gumaganap ng isang mahalagang papel sa paghahatid ng mataas na pagganap ng trabaho at kahusayan sa lugar ng trabaho.
• Sa mga tuntunin ng edukasyon, hinihikayat ng kritikal na pag-iisip ang mga mag-aaral na lampasan ang pag-uulit sa pagsasaulo at aktibong makisali sa kaalaman. Nililinang nito ang pagkagutom para sa pag-aaral at isang intelektwal na pag-usisa na umaabot sa kabila ng silid-aralan.
• Ang kritikal na pag-iisip ay hindi limitado sa akademya o sa lugar ng trabaho; ito ay sumasaklaw sa pang-araw-araw na buhay. Mula sa pagsusuri ng mga mapagkukunan ng balita at paggawa ng mga desisyon sa pananalapi hanggang sa pag-navigate sa mga personal na relasyon, tinitiyak ng kritikal na pag-iisip na nilalapitan ng mga indibidwal ang lahat ng aspeto ng buhay nang may kalinawan at pag-unawa.

Paano Ilapat ang Kritikal na Pag-iisip at Mga Halimbawa? 

Ang epektibong paglalapat ng kritikal na pag-iisip ay nagsasangkot ng may layunin at pamamaraan na diskarte sa pagsusuri ng impormasyon, pag-abot ng mga desisyon, at pagtugon sa mga problema. Nasa ibaba ang ilang praktikal na hakbang upang mailapat ang kritikal na pag-iisip:

• Tukuyin ang Problema o Tanong : Magsimula sa pamamagitan ng tumpak na pagbalangkas ng problema o tanong na nangangailangan ng iyong pansin. Maging tahasan tungkol sa bagay na nilalayon mong lutasin o unawain.
• Magtipon ng Kaugnay na Impormasyon : Mag-ipon ng may-katuturang impormasyon, data, at sumusuportang ebidensya na may kinalaman sa isyu o tanong. Umasa sa mga mapagkakatiwalaang mapagkukunan at isaalang-alang ang iba't ibang pananaw.
• Mga Pagpapalagay ng Tanong : Tukuyin ang anumang pinagbabatayan na mga pagpapalagay o bias na maaaring makaimpluwensya sa iyong proseso ng pag-iisip o sa impormasyong nasa kamay. Isailalim ang mga pagpapalagay na ito sa pagsisiyasat upang mapanatili ang kawalang-kinikilingan.
• Pag-aralan ang Impormasyon : Hatiin ang impormasyon sa mas maliliit na bahagi at masusing suriin ang bawat elemento. Maghanap ng mga pattern, koneksyon, at pagkakaiba.
• Isaalang-alang ang Maramihang Pananaw : Tuklasin ang iba't ibang pananaw at argumento na nauugnay sa problema o tanong. Isaalang-alang kung paano maaaring lapitan ng iba ang isyu.
• Pagtatasa ng Ebidensya : Suriin ang pagiging mapagkakatiwalaan, kahalagahan, at kalibre ng ebidensya na iyong itapon. Kumpirmahin ang pagiging maaasahan ng iyong mga mapagkukunan ng impormasyon at ang katumpakan ng iyong data.
• Pagbuo ng Iyong Personal na Pananaw : Batay sa iyong pagsusuri at pagsusuri, buuin ang iyong pananaw o hypothesis. Ipahayag nang malinaw ang iyong paninindigan o konklusyon. Bumuo ng iyong pananaw o hypothesis batay sa iyong maselang pagsusuri at pagtatasa. Malinaw na ipahayag ang iyong paninindigan o panghuling paghatol.
• Humingi ng Feedback at Peer Review : Ibahagi ang iyong mga ideya sa iba at hikayatin ang nakabubuo na pagpuna at input. Ang prosesong ito ay maaaring mag-ambag sa paghahasa ng iyong pag-iisip at pag-alis ng anumang mga nakatagong pagkukulang.
• Isaalang-alang ang mga Bunga : Pag-isipan ang mga potensyal na resulta at epekto ng iyong mga desisyon o konklusyon. Isaalang-alang kung paano sila makakaapekto sa iba't ibang stakeholder o senaryo.
• Gumawa ng May Kaalaman Na Mga Desisyon : Gamitin ang iyong mga kasanayan sa kritikal na pag-iisip upang makagawa ng mga desisyong may kaalaman o mag-alok ng mga rekomendasyon. Siguraduhin na ang iyong mga pagpipilian ay batay sa ebidensya at tamang pangangatwiran.
• Pagnilayan at Matuto : Sa dakong huli, makisali sa pagsisiyasat sa sarili tungkol sa pamamaraan at sa mga kinalabasan. Suriin kung ano ang napatunayang epektibo at matukoy ang mga lugar na maaaring makinabang mula sa pagpapahusay. Palaging tandaan na ang kritikal na pag-iisip ay isang patuloy na umuunlad na kakayahan na maaaring mahasa sa pamamagitan ng patuloy na pagsasanay.

Mahalagang tandaan na ang kritikal na pag-iisip ay madaling ibagay at maaaring mag-iba depende sa konteksto at sa pagiging kumplikado ng isyu. Ang pinakamahalagang aspeto ay lapitan ito nang sistematiko, may layunin, at may kahandaang tanggapin ang bagong impormasyon at mga pananaw habang ginagamit mo ang kritikal na pag-iisip sa iyong paggawa ng desisyon at paglutas ng problema.

Sitwasyon: Pagpili ng College Major

Ano ang kritikal na pag-iisip sa totoong buhay? Ipinapakita sa iyo ng halimbawang ito kung gaano kahalaga ang mag-isip nang mapanuri bago gumawa ng mga desisyon.

Isipin na ikaw ay isang senior sa high school na malapit nang magtapos, at nahaharap ka sa desisyon na pumili ng isang major sa kolehiyo. Ito ay isang makabuluhang pagpipilian sa buhay na huhubog sa iyong akademiko at landas sa karera. Narito kung paano mailalapat ang kritikal na pag-iisip sa sitwasyong ito:

Sa halimbawang ito, tinutulungan ka ng kritikal na pag-iisip na gumawa ng isang maalalahanin at matalinong desisyon tungkol sa iyong major sa kolehiyo, na isinasaalang-alang ang iba't ibang salik at pananaw. Ang application na ito ng kritikal na pag-iisip ay maaaring maging isang mahalagang kasanayan sa kabuuan ng iyong pang-edukasyon at propesyonal na buhay.

🌟 Ang kritikal na pag-iisip ay kasama ng brainstorming. Matuto pa tayo tungkol sa brainstorming AhaSlides , kung paano mag-set up ng brainstorming session sa mga aktibidad sa klase at business meeting!

Bakit kailangan natin ng kritikal na pag-iisip sa buhay?

Ang kritikal na pag-iisip ay mahalaga para sa paglutas ng problema, paggawa ng desisyon, epektibong komunikasyon, paglutas ng salungatan, patuloy na pag-aaral, pag-iwas sa mga bias, etikal na pagpili, propesyonal na tagumpay, personal na paglago, at kaalamang pagkamamamayan sa isang mabilis na pagbabago ng mundo. Nagbibigay ito ng kapangyarihan sa mga indibidwal na mag-isip nang makatwiran na gumawa ng matalinong mga pagpipilian, at mag-ambag ng positibo sa kanilang personal at panlipunang kagalingan.  

Maaari bang matutunan at mapabuti ang kritikal na pag-iisip?

Oo, ang kritikal na pag-iisip ay isang kasanayan na maaaring matutunan at pinuhin sa paglipas ng panahon. Mayroong iba't ibang mga diskarte at pagsasanay, tulad ng pagsusuri ng mga argumento, pagsasanay ng lohikal na pangangatwiran, at paghahanap ng magkakaibang mga pananaw, na makakatulong sa mga indibidwal na bumuo ng kanilang mga kritikal na kakayahan sa pag-iisip. Ang patuloy na pagsasanay at pagmumuni-muni sa sarili ay susi sa pagpapabuti.

Paano ko mahihikayat ang kritikal na pag-iisip sa mga bata at mag-aaral?

Ang pagpapaunlad ng kritikal na pag-iisip sa mga kabataang mag-aaral ay nagsasangkot ng paglikha ng isang kapaligiran na naghihikayat ng pagkamausisa, bukas na pag-iisip, at paggalugad. Hikayatin silang magtanong, suriin ang impormasyon, at isaalang-alang ang maraming pananaw. Makisali sa mga talakayan, debate, at mga aktibidad sa paglutas ng problema. Hikayatin ang pagbabasa, pagkakalantad sa magkakaibang pananaw, at mga hands-on na karanasan sa pag-aaral upang mabuo ang kanilang mga kritikal na kasanayan sa pag-iisip mula sa murang edad.

* pinagmulan : hbr

Astrid Tran

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TAGALOG LANG

Learn Tagalog online!

This is a transliteration into Tagalog of the English word.

kritikal critical

napakamahalaga very important

In terms of critical thinking, the Filipino equivalent is mapanuri .

mapanuring pag-iisip critical thinking

In English, the word “critical” also has another meaning, which is to be expressing disapproving or negative comments. The native Tagalog equivalent could be mapanudyo or mapamintas .

Huwag kang mapanudyo ! Huwag kang mapamintas ! Don’t be so critical !

Critical thinking is considered an important part of the thinking process in general. Approaching a specific problem and forming a judgment based on objective facts is at the core of critical thinking. A so-called “critical-thinking essay ” is aimed at analyzing an idea objectively, balancing both sides of the debate without personal bias.

Knowing how to write a good critical-thinking essay is little different from a regular essay writing, but there are things that set the two apart. The difference between them is very subtle, so sometimes students turn to ordering their critical thinking essays from a college essay service.

MGA KAHULUGAN SA TAGALOG

krítikal : malubhâ

Kritikal ang kondisyon ng pasyente.

krítikal : mapanganib

krítikal : mahilig pumintas o pumuna

krítikal : mapanuri

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41+ Critical Thinking Examples (Definition + Practices)

Critical thinking is an essential skill in our information-overloaded world, where figuring out what is fact and fiction has become increasingly challenging.

But why is critical thinking essential? Put, critical thinking empowers us to make better decisions, challenge and validate our beliefs and assumptions, and understand and interact with the world more effectively and meaningfully.

Critical thinking is like using your brain's "superpowers" to make smart choices. Whether it's picking the right insurance, deciding what to do in a job, or discussing topics in school, thinking deeply helps a lot. In the next parts, we'll share real-life examples of when this superpower comes in handy and give you some fun exercises to practice it.

Critical Thinking Process Outline

Critical thinking means thinking clearly and fairly without letting personal feelings get in the way. It's like being a detective, trying to solve a mystery by using clues and thinking hard about them.

It isn't always easy to think critically, as it can take a pretty smart person to see some of the questions that aren't being answered in a certain situation. But, we can train our brains to think more like puzzle solvers, which can help develop our critical thinking skills.

Here's what it looks like step by step:

Spotting the Problem: It's like discovering a puzzle to solve. You see that there's something you need to figure out or decide.

Collecting Clues: Now, you need to gather information. Maybe you read about it, watch a video, talk to people, or do some research. It's like getting all the pieces to solve your puzzle.

Breaking It Down: This is where you look at all your clues and try to see how they fit together. You're asking questions like: Why did this happen? What could happen next?

Checking Your Clues: You want to make sure your information is good. This means seeing if what you found out is true and if you can trust where it came from.

Making a Guess: After looking at all your clues, you think about what they mean and come up with an answer. This answer is like your best guess based on what you know.

Explaining Your Thoughts: Now, you tell others how you solved the puzzle. You explain how you thought about it and how you answered. 

Checking Your Work: This is like looking back and seeing if you missed anything. Did you make any mistakes? Did you let any personal feelings get in the way? This step helps make sure your thinking is clear and fair.

And remember, you might sometimes need to go back and redo some steps if you discover something new. If you realize you missed an important clue, you might have to go back and collect more information.

Critical Thinking Methods

Just like doing push-ups or running helps our bodies get stronger, there are special exercises that help our brains think better. These brain workouts push us to think harder, look at things closely, and ask many questions.

It's not always about finding the "right" answer. Instead, it's about the journey of thinking and asking "why" or "how." Doing these exercises often helps us become better thinkers and makes us curious to know more about the world.

Now, let's look at some brain workouts to help us think better:

1. "What If" Scenarios

Imagine crazy things happening, like, "What if there was no internet for a month? What would we do?" These games help us think of new and different ideas.

Pick a hot topic. Argue one side of it and then try arguing the opposite. This makes us see different viewpoints and think deeply about a topic.

3. Analyze Visual Data

Check out charts or pictures with lots of numbers and info but no explanations. What story are they telling? This helps us get better at understanding information just by looking at it.

4. Mind Mapping

Write an idea in the center and then draw lines to related ideas. It's like making a map of your thoughts. This helps us see how everything is connected.

There's lots of mind-mapping software , but it's also nice to do this by hand.

5. Weekly Diary

Every week, write about what happened, the choices you made, and what you learned. Writing helps us think about our actions and how we can do better.

6. Evaluating Information Sources

Collect stories or articles about one topic from newspapers or blogs. Which ones are trustworthy? Which ones might be a little biased? This teaches us to be smart about where we get our info.

There are many resources to help you determine if information sources are factual or not.

7. Socratic Questioning

This way of thinking is called the Socrates Method, named after an old-time thinker from Greece. It's about asking lots of questions to understand a topic. You can do this by yourself or chat with a friend.

Start with a Big Question:

"What does 'success' mean?"

Dive Deeper with More Questions:

"Why do you think of success that way?" "Do TV shows, friends, or family make you think that?" "Does everyone think about success the same way?"

"Can someone be a winner even if they aren't rich or famous?" "Can someone feel like they didn't succeed, even if everyone else thinks they did?"

Look for Real-life Examples:

"Who is someone you think is successful? Why?" "Was there a time you felt like a winner? What happened?"

Think About Other People's Views:

"How might a person from another country think about success?" "Does the idea of success change as we grow up or as our life changes?"

Think About What It Means:

"How does your idea of success shape what you want in life?" "Are there problems with only wanting to be rich or famous?"

Look Back and Think:

"After talking about this, did your idea of success change? How?" "Did you learn something new about what success means?"

8. Six Thinking Hats 

Edward de Bono came up with a cool way to solve problems by thinking in six different ways, like wearing different colored hats. You can do this independently, but it might be more effective in a group so everyone can have a different hat color. Each color has its way of thinking:

White Hat (Facts): Just the facts! Ask, "What do we know? What do we need to find out?"

Red Hat (Feelings): Talk about feelings. Ask, "How do I feel about this?"

Black Hat (Careful Thinking): Be cautious. Ask, "What could go wrong?"

Yellow Hat (Positive Thinking): Look on the bright side. Ask, "What's good about this?"

Green Hat (Creative Thinking): Think of new ideas. Ask, "What's another way to look at this?"

Blue Hat (Planning): Organize the talk. Ask, "What should we do next?"

When using this method with a group:

• Explain all the hats.
• Decide which hat to wear first.
• Make sure everyone switches hats at the same time.
• Finish with the Blue Hat to plan the next steps.

9. SWOT Analysis

SWOT Analysis is like a game plan for businesses to know where they stand and where they should go. "SWOT" stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats.

There are a lot of SWOT templates out there for how to do this visually, but you can also think it through. It doesn't just apply to businesses but can be a good way to decide if a project you're working on is working.

Strengths: What's working well? Ask, "What are we good at?"

Weaknesses: Where can we do better? Ask, "Where can we improve?"

Opportunities: What good things might come our way? Ask, "What chances can we grab?"

Threats: What challenges might we face? Ask, "What might make things tough for us?"

Steps to do a SWOT Analysis:

• Goal: Decide what you want to find out.
• Research: Learn about your business and the world around it.
• Brainstorm: Get a group and think together. Talk about strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.
• Pick the Most Important Points: Some things might be more urgent or important than others.
• Make a Plan: Decide what to do based on your SWOT list.
• Check Again Later: Things change, so look at your SWOT again after a while to update it.

Now that you have a few tools for thinking critically, let’s get into some specific examples.

Everyday Examples

Life is a series of decisions. From the moment we wake up, we're faced with choices – some trivial, like choosing a breakfast cereal, and some more significant, like buying a home or confronting an ethical dilemma at work. While it might seem that these decisions are disparate, they all benefit from the application of critical thinking.

10. Deciding to buy something

Imagine you want a new phone. Don't just buy it because the ad looks cool. Think about what you need in a phone. Look up different phones and see what people say about them. Choose the one that's the best deal for what you want.

11. Deciding what is true

There's a lot of news everywhere. Don't believe everything right away. Think about why someone might be telling you this. Check if what you're reading or watching is true. Make up your mind after you've looked into it.

12. Deciding when you’re wrong

Sometimes, friends can have disagreements. Don't just get mad right away. Try to see where they're coming from. Talk about what's going on. Find a way to fix the problem that's fair for everyone.

13. Deciding what to eat

There's always a new diet or exercise that's popular. Don't just follow it because it's trendy. Find out if it's good for you. Ask someone who knows, like a doctor. Make choices that make you feel good and stay healthy.

14. Deciding what to do today

Everyone is busy with school, chores, and hobbies. Make a list of things you need to do. Decide which ones are most important. Plan your day so you can get things done and still have fun.

15. Making Tough Choices

Sometimes, it's hard to know what's right. Think about how each choice will affect you and others. Talk to people you trust about it. Choose what feels right in your heart and is fair to others.

16. Planning for the Future

Big decisions, like where to go to school, can be tricky. Think about what you want in the future. Look at the good and bad of each choice. Talk to people who know about it. Pick what feels best for your dreams and goals.

Job Examples

17. solving problems.

Workers brainstorm ways to fix a machine quickly without making things worse when a machine breaks at a factory.

18. Decision Making

A store manager decides which products to order more of based on what's selling best.

19. Setting Goals

A team leader helps their team decide what tasks are most important to finish this month and which can wait.

20. Evaluating Ideas

At a team meeting, everyone shares ideas for a new project. The group discusses each idea's pros and cons before picking one.

21. Handling Conflict

Two workers disagree on how to do a job. Instead of arguing, they talk calmly, listen to each other, and find a solution they both like.

22. Improving Processes

A cashier thinks of a faster way to ring up items so customers don't have to wait as long.

23. Asking Questions

Before starting a big task, an employee asks for clear instructions and checks if they have the necessary tools.

24. Checking Facts

Before presenting a report, someone double-checks all their information to make sure there are no mistakes.

25. Planning for the Future

A business owner thinks about what might happen in the next few years, like new competitors or changes in what customers want, and makes plans based on those thoughts.

26. Understanding Perspectives

A team is designing a new toy. They think about what kids and parents would both like instead of just what they think is fun.

School Examples

27. researching a topic.

For a history project, a student looks up different sources to understand an event from multiple viewpoints.

28. Debating an Issue

In a class discussion, students pick sides on a topic, like school uniforms, and share reasons to support their views.

29. Evaluating Sources

While writing an essay, a student checks if the information from a website is trustworthy or might be biased.

30. Problem Solving in Math

When stuck on a tricky math problem, a student tries different methods to find the answer instead of giving up.

31. Analyzing Literature

In English class, students discuss why a character in a book made certain choices and what those decisions reveal about them.

32. Testing a Hypothesis

For a science experiment, students guess what will happen and then conduct tests to see if they're right or wrong.

33. Giving Peer Feedback

After reading a classmate's essay, a student offers suggestions for improving it.

34. Questioning Assumptions

In a geography lesson, students consider why certain countries are called "developed" and what that label means.

35. Designing a Study

For a psychology project, students plan an experiment to understand how people's memories work and think of ways to ensure accurate results.

36. Interpreting Data

In a science class, students look at charts and graphs from a study, then discuss what the information tells them and if there are any patterns.

Critical Thinking Puzzles

Not all scenarios will have a single correct answer that can be figured out by thinking critically. Sometimes we have to think critically about ethical choices or moral behaviors. 

Here are some mind games and scenarios you can solve using critical thinking. You can see the solution(s) at the end of the post.

37. The Farmer, Fox, Chicken, and Grain Problem

A farmer is at a riverbank with a fox, a chicken, and a grain bag. He needs to get all three items across the river. However, his boat can only carry himself and one of the three items at a time. 

Here's the challenge:

• If the fox is left alone with the chicken, the fox will eat the chicken.
• If the chicken is left alone with the grain, the chicken will eat the grain.

How can the farmer get all three items across the river without any item being eaten? 

38. The Rope, Jar, and Pebbles Problem

You are in a room with two long ropes hanging from the ceiling. Each rope is just out of arm's reach from the other, so you can't hold onto one rope and reach the other simultaneously. 

Your task is to tie the two rope ends together, but you can't move the position where they hang from the ceiling.

You are given a jar full of pebbles. How do you complete the task?

39. The Two Guards Problem

Imagine there are two doors. One door leads to certain doom, and the other leads to freedom. You don't know which is which.

In front of each door stands a guard. One guard always tells the truth. The other guard always lies. You don't know which guard is which.

You can ask only one question to one of the guards. What question should you ask to find the door that leads to freedom?

40. The Hourglass Problem

You have two hourglasses. One measures 7 minutes when turned over, and the other measures 4 minutes. Using just these hourglasses, how can you time exactly 9 minutes?

41. The Lifeboat Dilemma

Imagine you're on a ship that's sinking. You get on a lifeboat, but it's already too full and might flip over. 

Nearby in the water, five people are struggling: a scientist close to finding a cure for a sickness, an old couple who've been together for a long time, a mom with three kids waiting at home, and a tired teenager who helped save others but is now in danger. 

You can only save one person without making the boat flip. Who would you choose?

42. The Tech Dilemma

You work at a tech company and help make a computer program to help small businesses. You're almost ready to share it with everyone, but you find out there might be a small chance it has a problem that could show users' private info. 

If you decide to fix it, you must wait two more months before sharing it. But your bosses want you to share it now. What would you do?

43. The History Mystery

Dr. Amelia is a history expert. She's studying where a group of people traveled long ago. She reads old letters and documents to learn about it. But she finds some letters that tell a different story than what most people believe. 

If she says this new story is true, it could change what people learn in school and what they think about history. What should she do?

The Role of Bias in Critical Thinking

Have you ever decided you don’t like someone before you even know them? Or maybe someone shared an idea with you that you immediately loved without even knowing all the details. 

This experience is called bias, which occurs when you like or dislike something or someone without a good reason or knowing why. It can also take shape in certain reactions to situations, like a habit or instinct. 

Bias comes from our own experiences, what friends or family tell us, or even things we are born believing. Sometimes, bias can help us stay safe, but other times it stops us from seeing the truth.

Not all bias is bad. Bias can be a mechanism for assessing our potential safety in a new situation. If we are biased to think that anything long, thin, and curled up is a snake, we might assume the rope is something to be afraid of before we know it is just a rope.

While bias might serve us in some situations (like jumping out of the way of an actual snake before we have time to process that we need to be jumping out of the way), it often harms our ability to think critically.

How Bias Gets in the Way of Good Thinking

Selective Perception: We only notice things that match our ideas and ignore the rest. 

It's like only picking red candies from a mixed bowl because you think they taste the best, but they taste the same as every other candy in the bowl. It could also be when we see all the signs that our partner is cheating on us but choose to ignore them because we are happy the way we are (or at least, we think we are).

Agreeing with Yourself: This is called “ confirmation bias ” when we only listen to ideas that match our own and seek, interpret, and remember information in a way that confirms what we already think we know or believe. 

An example is when someone wants to know if it is safe to vaccinate their children but already believes that vaccines are not safe, so they only look for information supporting the idea that vaccines are bad.

Thinking We Know It All: Similar to confirmation bias, this is called “overconfidence bias.” Sometimes we think our ideas are the best and don't listen to others. This can stop us from learning.

Have you ever met someone who you consider a “know it”? Probably, they have a lot of overconfidence bias because while they may know many things accurately, they can’t know everything. Still, if they act like they do, they show overconfidence bias.

There's a weird kind of bias similar to this called the Dunning Kruger Effect, and that is when someone is bad at what they do, but they believe and act like they are the best .

Following the Crowd: This is formally called “groupthink”. It's hard to speak up with a different idea if everyone agrees. But this can lead to mistakes.

An example of this we’ve all likely seen is the cool clique in primary school. There is usually one person that is the head of the group, the “coolest kid in school”, and everyone listens to them and does what they want, even if they don’t think it’s a good idea.

How to Overcome Biases

Here are a few ways to learn to think better, free from our biases (or at least aware of them!).

Know Your Biases: Realize that everyone has biases. If we know about them, we can think better.

Listen to Different People: Talking to different kinds of people can give us new ideas.

Ask Why: Always ask yourself why you believe something. Is it true, or is it just a bias?

Understand Others: Try to think about how others feel. It helps you see things in new ways.

Keep Learning: Always be curious and open to new information.

In today's world, everything changes fast, and there's so much information everywhere. This makes critical thinking super important. It helps us distinguish between what's real and what's made up. It also helps us make good choices. But thinking this way can be tough sometimes because of biases. These are like sneaky thoughts that can trick us. The good news is we can learn to see them and think better.

There are cool tools and ways we've talked about, like the "Socratic Questioning" method and the "Six Thinking Hats." These tools help us get better at thinking. These thinking skills can also help us in school, work, and everyday life.

We’ve also looked at specific scenarios where critical thinking would be helpful, such as deciding what diet to follow and checking facts.

Thinking isn't just a skill—it's a special talent we improve over time. Working on it lets us see things more clearly and understand the world better. So, keep practicing and asking questions! It'll make you a smarter thinker and help you see the world differently.

Critical Thinking Puzzles (Solutions)

The farmer, fox, chicken, and grain problem.

• The farmer first takes the chicken across the river and leaves it on the other side.
• He returns to the original side and takes the fox across the river.
• After leaving the fox on the other side, he returns the chicken to the starting side.
• He leaves the chicken on the starting side and takes the grain bag across the river.
• He leaves the grain with the fox on the other side and returns to get the chicken.
• The farmer takes the chicken across, and now all three items -- the fox, the chicken, and the grain -- are safely on the other side of the river.

The Rope, Jar, and Pebbles Problem

• Take one rope and tie the jar of pebbles to its end.
• Swing the rope with the jar in a pendulum motion.
• While the rope is swinging, grab the other rope and wait.
• As the swinging rope comes back within reach due to its pendulum motion, grab it.
• With both ropes within reach, untie the jar and tie the rope ends together.

The Two Guards Problem

The question is, "What would the other guard say is the door to doom?" Then choose the opposite door.

The Hourglass Problem

• Start both hourglasses. 
• When the 4-minute hourglass runs out, turn it over.
• When the 7-minute hourglass runs out, the 4-minute hourglass will have been running for 3 minutes. Turn the 7-minute hourglass over. 
• When the 4-minute hourglass runs out for the second time (a total of 8 minutes have passed), the 7-minute hourglass will run for 1 minute. Turn the 7-minute hourglass again for 1 minute to empty the hourglass (a total of 9 minutes passed).

The Boat and Weights Problem

Take the cat over first and leave it on the other side. Then, return and take the fish across next. When you get there, take the cat back with you. Leave the cat on the starting side and take the cat food across. Lastly, return to get the cat and bring it to the other side.

The Lifeboat Dilemma

There isn’t one correct answer to this problem. Here are some elements to consider:

• Moral Principles: What values guide your decision? Is it the potential greater good for humanity (the scientist)? What is the value of long-standing love and commitment (the elderly couple)? What is the future of young children who depend on their mothers? Or the selfless bravery of the teenager?
• Future Implications: Consider the future consequences of each choice. Saving the scientist might benefit millions in the future, but what moral message does it send about the value of individual lives?
• Emotional vs. Logical Thinking: While it's essential to engage empathy, it's also crucial not to let emotions cloud judgment entirely. For instance, while the teenager's bravery is commendable, does it make him more deserving of a spot on the boat than the others?
• Acknowledging Uncertainty: The scientist claims to be close to a significant breakthrough, but there's no certainty. How does this uncertainty factor into your decision?
• Personal Bias: Recognize and challenge any personal biases, such as biases towards age, profession, or familial status.

The Tech Dilemma

Again, there isn’t one correct answer to this problem. Here are some elements to consider:

• Evaluate the Risk: How severe is the potential vulnerability? Can it be easily exploited, or would it require significant expertise? Even if the circumstances are rare, what would be the consequences if the vulnerability were exploited?
• Stakeholder Considerations: Different stakeholders will have different priorities. Upper management might prioritize financial projections, the marketing team might be concerned about the product's reputation, and customers might prioritize the security of their data. How do you balance these competing interests?
• Short-Term vs. Long-Term Implications: While launching on time could meet immediate financial goals, consider the potential long-term damage to the company's reputation if the vulnerability is exploited. Would the short-term gains be worth the potential long-term costs?
• Ethical Implications : Beyond the financial and reputational aspects, there's an ethical dimension to consider. Is it right to release a product with a known vulnerability, even if the chances of it being exploited are low?
• Seek External Input: Consulting with cybersecurity experts outside your company might be beneficial. They could provide a more objective risk assessment and potential mitigation strategies.
• Communication: How will you communicate the decision, whatever it may be, both internally to your team and upper management and externally to your customers and potential users?

The History Mystery

Dr. Amelia should take the following steps:

• Verify the Letters: Before making any claims, she should check if the letters are actual and not fake. She can do this by seeing when and where they were written and if they match with other things from that time.
• Get a Second Opinion: It's always good to have someone else look at what you've found. Dr. Amelia could show the letters to other history experts and see their thoughts.
• Research More: Maybe there are more documents or letters out there that support this new story. Dr. Amelia should keep looking to see if she can find more evidence.
• Share the Findings: If Dr. Amelia believes the letters are true after all her checks, she should tell others. This can be through books, talks, or articles.
• Stay Open to Feedback: Some people might agree with Dr. Amelia, and others might not. She should listen to everyone and be ready to learn more or change her mind if new information arises.

Ultimately, Dr. Amelia's job is to find out the truth about history and share it. It's okay if this new truth differs from what people used to believe. History is about learning from the past, no matter the story.

Related posts:

• Experimenter Bias (Definition + Examples)
• Hasty Generalization Fallacy (31 Examples + Similar Names)
• Ad Hoc Fallacy (29 Examples + Other Names)
• Confirmation Bias (Examples + Definition)
• Equivocation Fallacy (26 Examples + Description)

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Best Logic Questions with Answer – Tagalog

Best Logic Questions with Answer – Tagalog – Sa article na ito ay inyong matutunghayan ang aming ginawang listahan ng Best Logical Questions with answer o Tagalog logic questions na may sagot . Ang mga logic questions ay kadalasang ginagamit upang matalastas o maalaman ang critical thinking skills, problem solving skills at analytical skill ng isang tao. Kadalasan ay gumagamit ng mga bugtong or mga simpleng tanong na nangangailan lamang din ng simpleng sagot. Maraming Filipino ang gumagamit nito kahit sa panahon ngayon. May mga game shows pa nga na gumagamit ng Logic questions or bugtong sa kanilang games.

Ibang Aralin: Ano ang Talumpati at ang mga Halimbawa Nito? Talumpati Halimbawa Ano ang Talumpati – Halimbawa ng Talumpati

Madami sa atin ang kinaaliwan ang pag gamit ng mga bugtong o Logical questions lalo na ang mga studyante. Katunayan ito na ang ating wika at panitikan ay mayaman at nag dadagdag ng kulay sa pang araw araw na communication nating mga Pilipino. Ang best part, ginagamit natin ito bilang ice breaker or para mapangiti at mawala ang tension or boring moment sa usapan.

Tunghayan natin ang ilang mga halimbawa ng bugtong o logical questions at ang kanilang sagot.

Table of Contents

Tagalog Logic na may Sagot

Nais mo bang mapangiti ang iyong crush, boyfriend o girlfirend, asawa o kaibigan? Narito ang ilan sa mga logic questions Tagalog at sagot o bugtong  aming inilista. Siguradong mapapangiti at maalis ang tension o stress sa usapan. Ika nga ng iba, mga pang ice breaker ito kapag nag uusap.

Logic Questions With Answers Tagalog

Tricky logic questions with answer.

Also Read: Lakbay Sanaysay Bionote – Kahulugan, Layunin at Halimbawa

Funny Logic Questions with Answers (English)

Mind logic questions answers (english).

Sana ay makatulong ang ginawa naming list sa pang araw araw na pakikipag usap sa ating kaibigan, pamilya o kahit sinong nakakasalamuha natin sa araw araw. Ang mga Logic Questions or bugtong at nakakaaliw, kaya naman gumawa kami ng listahan ng logic questions with answers sa Tagalog at English para ito ay inyong magamit. 

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Thinking Pinoy: 10 Traits of Critical Thinking Filipinos

Do you want to be a thinking pinoy? I do. And I hope we can encourage more Filipinos to become thinking Pinoys too. For the past years, we have elected corrupt leaders because most of us were misinformed. And I can say that with certainty because I saw the lies.

I feel that we will be of a disservice to our country if we allow the efficient use of social media and other platforms for propaganda to shape us. They cannot fool us. But we live in a democracy where the vote of the uninformed and the fanatics are more than enough to drown our voices and defeat our choices.

Filipinos yearn for clarity amidst a sea of misinformation and propaganda.

We’ve seen it, haven’t we?

Corrupt politicians sweeping the polls because of charm rather than capability. It’s not entirely our fault, though. The allure of beautifully crafted words and promises of a better tomorrow can be too hard to resist.

Who does not want to get rid of drugs ? Who does not want unity? Who does not want a peaceful and orderly country?

Filipinos want these changes so bad that many of us believe politicians who sell these ideas, though all their lives they’ve been doing the opposite of what they say. They’re promises were made to get votes.

But it’s high time we equip ourselves better, rise above the chaos, and build an informed and critical society.

By embodying the spirit of a thinking Pinoy. What exactly does it mean to be one?

Let’s dig in.

Be A Thinking Pinoy

These days, people find it difficult to talk about being “ matino and mahusay ” because others are quick to say that you are self-righteous. Being vulgar and based are held as being authentic. This does not only happen in the Philippines. I am not sure if it is everywhere, but I know it is widespread.

Social media are used by influencers who get paid for telling outright lies. Unfortunately, they have the ability to tell lies again and again and they don’t get penalized when get caught.

Recently, a blogger won a data privacy case against an influencer. The court ordered the culprit to pay 350,000 pesos. That’s peanuts to what he earns. I doubt it will teach him, and others like him, a lesson.

Many of these influencers were caught making up stories. Once, I saw an influencer admitted in a senate hearing that people like her cannot be expected to tell the truth because they are not journalists. I scratched my head because she has millions of followers.

I choose to stay away from politics because I don’t want to spend time fact-checking propagandists.

Instead, I write more on how to become a good citizen. Becoming a thinking pinoy is one way.

Jef Menguin

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10 Filipino Sentence Patterns You Should Learn By Heart

Despite the complexity of the Tagalog language, learning it won’t be as difficult if you’re familiar with the most basic Filipino sentence patterns. The best thing about learning Tagalog is that it’s not that different from the English language when it comes to sentence patterns. Tagalog is quite flexible, too, so it’s not that hard to read and understand a simple sentence, as long as you’re keeping brushed up on your Filipino vocabulary .

But why study Tagalog sentence patterns in the first place? Simple: Having this knowledge lets you craft a variety of sentences so that you’re not limited to one or two patterns every time you’re speaking or writing. More importantly, knowing simple patterns helps you have an easier time whenever you come across long sentences when you’re reading or having a conversation with a Tagalog-speaking friend.

Because we want to help you improve your communication skills in Tagalog, we’ve decided to create a guide on basic Filipino sentence patterns. From making requests to asking directions, here are the ten most basic and practical sentence patterns in Tagalog.

• Linking Two Nouns: A is B.
• Using Adjectives to Describe: A is [Adjective].
• Expressing Want (I Want… / I Want to…)
• Expressing Need (I Need… / I Need to…)
• Expressing Like (I Like… / I Like to…)
• Politely Asking Someone to Do Something
• Asking for Permission (May I…? / Can I…?)
• Asking for Information About Something (What is…?)
• Asking About Time (When is…?)
• Asking About Location or Direction (Where is…?)
• You Can Learn More Than Just Sentence Patterns with FilipinoPod101

1. Linking Two Nouns: A is B.

Simple Filipino sentences are formed in the same manner as English sentences are—with a subject and a predicate. In this section, you’ll learn how to connect two nouns in order to form a sentence that expresses a complete thought. 

When it comes to linking two nouns in Tagalog, there’s only one word you need to remember, and that is the word ay .

As mentioned in our entry on Tagalog Word Order, ay is an inversion marker, and is used when switching from the V-S-O or V-O-S to the S-V-O sentence structure.

Here are several Filipino sentence examples showing how to link two nouns:

• Si Moon ay ang alaga kong aso. (“Moon is my pet dog.”)
• Ang asawa ko ay isang flight stewardess. (“My wife is a flight stewardess.”)
• Si Julienne ay kapatid na babae ni Jay. (“Julienne is Jay’s sister.”)
• Ang teleponong ito ay Samsung. (“This phone is a Samsung.”)
• Si Kobe ay kalaro ko dati. (“Kobe was a playmate of mine back in the day.”)

2. Using Adjectives to Describe: A is [Adjective].

When using adjectives to describe nouns, the marker ay is still very much present. Check out the following examples of this Filipino sentence construction:

• Ang tuta ay makulit. (“The puppy is annoying.”)
• Si Maria ay matapang. (“Maria is courageous.”)
• Ang nobyo niya ay tapat. (“Her lover is faithful.”)
• Si Shirley ay maingay. (“Shirley is loud.”)
• Si Ted ay tahimik. (“Ted is quiet.”)

3. Expressing Want (I Want… / I Want to…)

The Tagalog word used to express desire is gusto . It can be used to express the English words “want,” “like,” and “wish.” The word nais can also be used for stronger emotions, such as “longing” and “desire,” although it’s almost exclusively used in formal writing.

1- I want…

• Gusto ko ng baboy. (“I want some pork.”)
• Gusto ko ng tubig! (“I want water!”)

2- I want to…

• Gusto kong kumain ng puto. (“I want to eat some rice cake.”)
• Gusto kong pumasa sa pagsusulit. (“I want to pass the test.”)
• Gusto kitang bigyan ng pabuya. (“I want to give you a reward.”)
• Nais kong makarating sa London balang araw. (“I long to visit London someday.”)
• Nais kong malaman mong ikaw ang aking iniibig. (“I long for you to know that it’s you I desire.”)

If you wish to convey your hope of doing something, use the word sana , a word that expresses hope.

• Gusto ko sanang dumalaw sa kanya. (“I was hoping I could visit her.”)
• Gusto sana kitang makita noong panahong iyon. (“I was hoping I could see you that time.”)

And if you want to convey the opposite message, you simply replace the word gusto with ayaw , which expresses unwillingness.

• Ayaw ko ng baboy. (“I don’t want pork.”)
• Ayaw kong dumalaw sa kanila. (“I don’t want to go to their place.”)
• Ayaw kitang kausap. (“I don’t want to speak with you.”)

4. Expressing Need (I Need… / I Need to…)

The word “need” or “have” can be translated to the Tagalog word kailangan .

1- I need…

• Kailangan ko ng pagkain. (“I need some food.”)
• Kailangan ko ng kasama. (“I need a companion.”)
• Kailangan ko ng payo mo. (“I need your advice.”)

2- I need/have to…

• Kailangan kong ibigay ito kay Elsa. (“I need to give this to Elsa.”)
• Kailangan kong makarating doon kaagad. (“I have to reach that place fast.”)
• Kailangan kong makabili ng bigas. (“I need to buy some rice.”)
• Kailangan kong gawin ito. (“I need to do this.”)
• Kailangan kong sundin ang payo niya. (“I have to follow his advice.”)

If you want to say that you don’t need or don’t have to do something, you simply use the word hindi . 

• Hindi ko kailangan ng pagkain. (“I don’t need food.”)
• Hindi ko kailangan ang payo mo. (“I don’t need your advice.”)
• Hindi kita kailangan. (“I don’t need you.”)

Kailangan kong makapasa sa exams. (“I need to pass the exams.”)

5. Expressing Like (I Like… / I Like to…)

“Like” is gusto in Tagalog. The word “love” (not in a romantic sense) can also be translated to gusto . The word hilig can be used to express love, too, especially when referring to something one is inclined to doing . Take a look at the following examples of this Filipino sentence structure in action:

1- I like…

• Gusto kita. (“I like you.”)
• Mahilig ako sa mga aso. (“I love dogs.”)
• Hilig ko ang larong basketball. (“I love the game of basketball.”)

Pinoys also like using “slang” words when showing appreciation.

• This is just another way of saying: “Those are my type of shoes!”
• This is just another way of saying: “I’m betting on him for you!”

2- I like/love to…

• Gusto kitang bisitahin. (“I would like to visit you.”)
• Gusto kong makita ang ginawa mo. (“I would love to see your work.”)
• Mahilig akong gumala. (“I love to travel.”)
• Mahilig talaga akong sumayaw. (“I really love to dance.”)
• Mahilig akong kumanta habang naliligo. (“I love to sing while taking a bath.”)

Gusto kita. Tanggap ka na. (“I like you. You’re hired.”)

6. Politely Asking Someone to Do Something

There’s no direct translation for the word “please” in Tagalog. If you want to make a request, you simply add paki- before the verb you’re using. Paki- is a verbal prefix derived from the word pakiusap , which is Filipino for “request.” 

In the English language, the word “please” can be placed either at the beginning or the end of the sentence. In Tagalog, however, the verb used for making a request ( paki + verb) is always placed at the beginning of the sentence. There’s no strict rule as to how to attach the affix paki to a verb. In most cases, you simply attach paki to the verb without separating the two with a dash.

• Pakibigay ng pera kay Daryl. (“Please give the money to Daryl.”)
• Pakiiwan ng mga gamit ko sa loob ng kwarto. (“Please leave my stuff inside the room.”)
• Pakibukas ng pinto. (“Open the door, please.”)
• Pakisabi sa nanay mo na dumaan ako. (“Please tell your mom that I dropped by.”)
• Pakiabot ng ketchup, Louise. (“Ketchup, please, Louise.”)

It’s also not unusual for Filipinos to attach paki- to English verbs:

• Paki-delete na lang ng files ko. (“Please delete my files as well.”)
• Paki-send na lang mga pictures sa e-mail. (“Just send the pictures through email, please.”)
• Paki-off ng washing machine. (“Turn off the washing machine, please.”)

In other cases, the word maaari (“can” or “may”) is enough to express a polite request.

• Maaari bang magtanong? (“Can I ask a question, please?”)
• Maaari ko bang makuha ang susi? (“May I have the keys, please?”)

One more thing. Don’t forget to say salamat (“thank you”) after making a request.

• Paki-serve na lang ng dessert pagkatapos naming kumain. Salamat! (“Just serve the dessert right after we eat, please. Thanks!”)

I said “keys,” not “kiss.”

7. Asking for Permission (May I…? / Can I…?)

Filipinos are known for being courteous. Despite what some people say about how there’s something questionable with the way respect has evolved in the Philippines and the world in general, most Filipinos remain very polite and respectful. 

One way Pinoys show respect is in how they ask for permission through the expressions “may I” and “can I.” Both are expressed in Tagalog using the words pwede or maaari . Keep in mind, though, that maaari has a more formal tone to it.

In Filipino culture, asking permission is very important. Below are some instances that would call for asking permission in the Philippines.

Asking a friend’s mom or dad for permission to invite them someplace:

• Pwede ko po bang yayain si Lydia na mamasyal? (“May I invite Lydia to go for a stroll?”)
• Maaari po ba naming isama si Aya sa birthday party ni John mamayang gabi? (“May we take Aya with us to John’s birthday party tonight?”)

Asking for permission to leave:

• Pwede na ba akong umalis? (“Can I leave now?”)
• Mauna na po kami. (“We should be running along.”)

*Note: There are some instances where the words pwede and maaari are not used when asking permission, although you’d be better off using them if you want to maintain that polite vibe.

Asking permission to borrow something:

• Pwede ko bang hiramin ang lapis mo? (“Can I borrow your pencil?”)
• Maaari bang manghiram ng kaunting barya? (“May I borrow some spare change, please?”)

Here are more examples:

• Pwede ko bang makita ang loob ng kahon? (“Can I see what’s inside the box?”)
• Pwede ba akong tumabi sa’yo? (“May I sit with you?”)
• Pwede na ba kaming pumasok? (“May we come in now?”)
• Maaari ko bang hingin ang iyong numero? (“Can I have your number?”)
• Maaari ba kitang dalawin bukas ng gabi? (“May I visit you tomorrow evening?”)

And finally, let’s not forget how a Filipino gentleman asks for the hand of the lady he loves from the lady’s parents:

• Pwede ko po bang hingin ang kamay ng inyong anak? (“May I ask for your daughter’s hand in marriage?”)

Pwede ba kitang maging asawa? (“Will you be my wife?”)

8. Asking for Information About Something (What is…?)

When asking for information in Tagalog, we use the word ano , which is Filipino for “what.” 

Let’s start with the most common “what” questions:

• Ano ang pangalan mo? (“What is your name?”)
• Anong cellphone number mo? (“What is your phone number?”)
• Anong problema mo? (“What’s your problem?”)

What if you’re asking about the date?

• Anong petsa na ngayon? (“What is the date today?”)
• Anong araw ngayon? (“What day is today?”)

And if you forgot a person’s name?

• Ano nga ba ulit ang pangalan mo? (“What was your name again?”)

Let’s say you found a bug you’ve never seen before…

• Anong tawag sa insekto na ito? (“What is this insect called?”)

Want an update on your friend’s love life? 

• Ano na ang nangyari sa boyfriend ni Jessica? (“Whatever happened to Jessica’s boyfriend?”)

And if you want to clarify things…

• Anong ibig mong sabihin nung sinabi mong ayaw mo na? (“What did you mean when you said you’re quitting?”)
• Ano yung sinabi mo tungkol sa akin? (“What was that you said about me?”)

9. Asking About Time (When is…?)

The Tagalog word for “when” is kailan , so when asking for information about when something is going to happen, we start the sentence with kailan . Here are examples of the basic Filipino sentence structure for this kind of question:

• Kailan ang kaarawan mo? (“When is your birthday?”)
• Kailan nga yung meeting natin kay Bernadette? (“When is our meeting with Bernadette, again?”)
• Kailan ang uwi ng papa mo galing sa London? (“When is your father arriving from London?”)
• Kailan ka huling pumunta doon? (“When did you last go there?”)
• Kailan ang punta mo ng Maynila? (“When will your trip to Manila be?”)

Keep in mind that you can also use the shortened spelling kelan instead of kailan . However, it’s not considered standard and is often used in informal settings, such as in text messages or on social media.

• Kelan ulit tayo magkakape? (“When are we having coffee again?”)
• Kelan siya babalik? (“When is she coming back?”)
• Sabi mo magpapa-party ka. Kelan na mangyayari ‘yon? (“You said you’re throwing a party. When is it happening?”)

10. Asking About Location or Direction (Where is…?)

Location and direction are the two most important things you need to know when traveling or when staying in a different country for the first time. Since Filipinos are naturally accommodating , you won’t need to worry about asking for directions in case you get lost; they’ll be glad to help. The only thing you need to make sure is that you know the exact words to say when asking about a certain location or when asking for directions.

When asking about location or direction in Filipino, we use the Tagalog word saan , which directly translates to “where.” Here are some examples of how to craft a sentence in Filipino to ask for directions with this word:

• Saan banda ang pinakamalapit na botika? (“Where is the nearest drugstore?”)
• Saan po may bangko na malapit dito? (“Where is the nearest bank from here?”)
• Alam niyo po ba kung saan ang klinika ni Dr. Akhunzada? (“Do you know where Dr. Akhunzada’s clinic is located?”)
• Saan po banda ang National Museum? (“Where can we find the National Museum?”)
• Saan ka na banda? (“Where are you now?”)
• Pare, saan ang kotse ko? (“Dude, where’s my car?”)

Where na you? Here na me.

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Critical thinking in philippine education: What we have and what we need

• October 2017
• 15(2):272-303

• University of the Philippines

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25 Critical Thinking Examples

Chris Drew (PhD)

Dr. Chris Drew is the founder of the Helpful Professor. He holds a PhD in education and has published over 20 articles in scholarly journals. He is the former editor of the Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education. [Image Descriptor: Photo of Chris]

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Critical thinking is the ability to analyze information and make reasoned decisions. It involves suspended judgment, open-mindedness, and clarity of thought.

It involves considering different viewpoints and weighing evidence carefully. It is essential for solving complex problems and making good decisions.

People who think critically are able to see the world in a more nuanced way and understand the interconnectedness of things. They are also better able to adapt to change and handle uncertainty.

In today’s fast-paced world, the ability to think critically is more important than ever and necessary for students and employees alike.

Critical Thinking Examples

1. identifying strengths and weaknesses.

Critical thinkers don’t just take things at face value. They stand back and contemplate the potential strengths and weaknesses of something and then make a decision after contemplation.

This helps you to avoid excessive bias and identify possible problems ahead of time.

For example, a boxer about to get in the ring will likely need to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of his opponent. He might learn that his opponent’s left hook is very strong, but his opponent also gets tired after the third round. With this knowledge, he can go into the bout with strong defenses in the first three rounds before going on the offense.

Here, the boxer’s critical thinking skills will help him win his match.

2. Creating a Hypothesis based on Limited Data

When scientists set out to test a new theory, they first need to develop a hypothesis. This is an educated guess about how things work, based on what is already known.

Once a hypothesis has been developed, experiments can be designed to test it.

However, sometimes scientists may find themselves working with limited data. In such cases, they may need to make some assumptions in order to form a hypothesis.

For example, if they are studying a phenomenon that occurs infrequently, they may need to extrapolate from the data they do have in order to form a hypothesis.

Here, the scientist is engaged in critical thinking: they use the limited data to come up with a tentative judgment.

3. Moderating a Debate

A debate moderator needs to have strong critical thinking skills. They need to use objective evaluations, analysis, and critique to keep the discussion on track and ensure that all sides are heard fairly.

This means being able to identify when a point has been made sufficiently, or when someone is beginning to veer off topic and being able to direct the conversation accordingly.

Similarly, they need to be able to assess each argument objectively and consider its merits, rather than getting caught up in the emotion of the debate. If someone is using an unfair point or one that is not factual, the moderator needs to be switched on and identify this.

By remaining calm and impartial, the moderator can help to ensure that a debate is productive and respectful.

4. Judging and Adjudicating

A judge or adjudicator needs to weigh the evidence and make a determination based on the facts.

This requires the adjudicator to be able to try to see both sides of an argument. They need the ability to see past personal biases and to critically evaluate the credibility of all sides.

In addition, judges and adjudicators must be able to think quickly and make sound decisions in the face of complex issues.

For example, if you were to be adjudicating the above debate, you need to hear both sides of the argument and then decide who won. It’s your job to evaluate, see strengths and weaknesses in arguments, and come to a conclusion.

5. Grading an Essay

Teachers need critical thinking skills when grading essays so that they can effectively assess the quality of the writing. By critically analyzing the essay, teachers can identify any errors or weaknesses in the argument.

Furthermore, they can also determine whether the essay meets the required standards for the assignment. Even a very well-written essay may deserve a lower grade if the essay doesn’t directly answer the essay question.

A teacher needs to be able to read an essay and understand not only what the student is trying to say, but also how well they are making their argument. Are they using evidence effectively? Are they drawing valid conclusions? A teacher needs to be able to evaluate an essay holistically in order to give a fair grade.

In order to properly evaluate an essay, teachers need to be able to think critically about the writing. Only then can they provide an accurate assessment of the work.

6. Active Reading

Active reading is a skill that requires the reader to be engaged with the text in order to fully understand it. This means not only being able to read the words on the page, but also being able to interpret the meaning behind them.

In order to do this, active readers need to have good critical thinking skills.

They need to be able to ask questions about the text and look for evidence to support their answers. Additionally, active readers need to be able to make connections between the text and their own experiences.

Active reading leads to better comprehension and retention of information.

7. Deciding Whether or Not to Believe Something

When trying to determine whether or not to believe something, you’re engaging in critical thinking.

For example, you might need to consider the source of the information. If the information comes from a reliable source, such as a reputable news organization or a trusted friend, then it is more likely to be accurate.

However, if the source is less reliable, such as an anonymous website or a person with a known bias, then the information should be viewed with more skepticism.

In addition, it is important to consider the evidence that is being presented. If the evidence is well-supported and logically presented, then it is more likely to be true. However, if the evidence is weak or relies on fallacious reasoning, then the claim is less likely to be true.

8. Determining the Best Solution to a Situation

Determining the best solution to a problem generally requires you to critique the different options. There are often many different factors to consider, and it can be difficult to know where to start.

However, there are some general guidelines that can help to make the process a little easier.

For example, if you have a few possible solutions to the problem, it is important to weigh the pros and cons of each one. Consider both the short-term and long-term effects of each option before making a decision.

Furthermore, it is important to be aware of your own biases. Be sure to consider all of the options objectively, without letting your personal preferences get in the way.

9. Giving Formative Feedback

Formative feedback is feedback that you give to someone part-way through a learning experience. To do this, you need to think critically.

For example, one thing you need to do is see where the student’s strengths and weaknesses like. Perhaps the student is doing extremely well at a task, so your feedback might be that they should try to extend themselves by adding more complexity to the task.

Or, perhaps the student is struggling, so you suggest to them that they approach the learning experience from a different angle.

10. Giving Summative Feedback

Summative feedback occurs at the end of a learning scenario. For example, the written feedback at the end of an essay or on a report card is summative.

When providing summative feedback, it is important to take a step back and consider the situation from multiple perspectives. What are areas for improvement and where exactly might the student have missed some key points? How could the student have done better?

Asking yourself these questions is all part of the process of giving feedback, and they can all be considered examples of critical thinking. You’re literally critiquing the student’s work and identifying opportunities for improvement.

11. Evaluating Evidence

When evaluating evidence, critical thinkers take a step back and look at the bigger picture. They consider all of the available information and weigh it up. They look at logical flaws, the reliability of the evidence, and its validity.

This process allows them to arrive at a conclusion that is based on sound reasoning, rather than emotion or personal bias.

For example, when a social scientist looks at the evidence from his study, he needs to evaluate whether the data was corrupted and ensure the methodology was sound in order to determine if the evidence is valuable or not.

12. Media Literacy

Media literacy seems to be in short supply these days. Too many people take information off the internet or television and just assume it is true.

A person with media literacy, however, will not just trust what they see and read. Instead, they look at the data and weigh up the evidence. They will see if there was a sound study to back up claims. They will see if there is bias in the media source and whether it’s just following an ideological line.

Furthermore, they will make sure they seek out trustworthy media sources. These are not just media sources you like or that confirm your own point of view. They need to be sources that do their own research, find solid data, and don’t pursue one blind agenda.

13. Asking your Own Questions

Asking your own questions is an important part of critical thinking. When you ask questions, you are forcing yourself to think more deeply about the information you are considering.

Asking questions also allows you to gather more information from others who may have different perspectives.

This helps you to better understand the issue and to come up with your own conclusions.

So, often at schools, we give students a list of questions to ask about something in order to dig deeper into it. For example, in a book review lesson, the teacher might give a list of questions to ask about the book’s characters and plot.

14. Conducting Rigorous Research

Research is a process of inquiry that encompasses the gathering of data, interpretation of findings, and communication of results. The researcher needs to engage in critical thinking throughout the process, but most importantly, when designing their methodology.

Research can be done through a variety of methods, such as experiments, surveys, interviews, and observations. Each method has strengths and weaknesses.

Once the data has been collected, it must be analyzed and interpreted. This is often done through statistical methods or qualitative analysis.

Research is an essential tool for discovering new knowledge and for solving problems, but researchers need to think critically about how valid and reliable their data truly is.

15. Examining your own Beliefs and Prejudices

It’s important to examine your own beliefs and prejudices in order to ensure that they are fair and accurate. People who don’t examine their own beliefs have not truly critically examined their lives.

One way to do this is to take the time to consider why you believe what you do. What experiences have you had that have led you to this belief? Are there other ways to interpret these experiences? It’s also important to be aware of the potential for confirmation bias , which is when we seek out information that confirms our existing beliefs, while ignoring information that contradicts them.

This can lead us to hold onto inaccurate or unfair beliefs even when presented with evidence to the contrary.

To avoid this, it’s important to seek out diverse perspectives, and to be open-minded when considering new information. By taking these steps, you can help ensure that your beliefs are fair and accurate.

16. Looking at a Situation from Multiple Perspectives

One of the most important critical thinking skills that you can learn in life is how to look at a situation from multiple perspectives.

Being able to see things from different angles can help you to understand complex issues, spot potential problems, and find creative solutions. It can also help you to build better relationships, as you will be able to see where others are coming from and find common ground.

There are a few simple techniques that you can use to develop this skill.

First, try to imagine how someone else would feel in the same situation.

Second, put yourself in their shoes and try to see things from their point of view.

Finally, ask yourself what other factors may be influencing their perspective. By taking the time to view things from multiple angles, you will be better prepared to deal with whatever life throws your way.

17. Considering Implications before Taking Action

When faced with a difficult decision, it is important to consider the implications of each possible action before settling on a course of action.

This is because the consequences of our actions can be far-reaching and often unforeseen.

For example, a seemingly small decision like whether to attend a party or not might have much larger implications. If we decide to go to the party, we might miss an important deadline at work.

However, if we stay home, we might miss out on an opportunity to meet new people and make valuable connections.

In either case, our choice can have a significant impact on our lives.

Fortunately, critical thinking can help people to make well-informed decisions that could have a positive impact on their lives.

For example, you might have to weight up the pros and cons of attending the party and identify potential downsides, like whether you might be in a car with an impaired driver, and whether the party is really worth losing your job.

Having weighed up the potential outcomes, you can make a more rational and informed decision.

18. Reflective Practice

Reflecting on your actions is an important part of critical thinking. When you take the time to reflect, you are able to step back and examine your choices and their consequences more objectively.

This allows you to learn from your mistakes and make better decisions in the future.

In order to reflect effectively, it is important to be honest with yourself and open to learning new things. You must also be willing to question your own beliefs and assumptions. By taking these steps, you can develop the critical thinking skills that are essential for making sound decisions next time.

This will also, fortunately, help you to constantly improve upon yourself.

19. Problem-Solving

Problem-solving requires the ability to think critically in order to accurately assess a situation and determine the best course of action.

This means being able to identify the root cause of a problem , as well as any potential obstacles that may stand in the way of a solution. It also involves breaking down a problem into smaller, more manageable pieces in order to more easily find a workable solution.

In addition, critical thinking skills also require the ability to think creatively in order to come up with original solutions to these problems.

Go Deeper: Problem-Solving Examples

20. Brainstorming New Solutions

When brainstorming new solutions , critical thinking skills are essential in order to generate fresh ideas and identify potential issues.

For example, the ability to identify the problems with the last solution you tried is important in order to come up with better solutions this time. Similarly, analytical thinking is necessary in order to evaluate the feasibility of each idea. Furthermore, it is also necessary to consider different perspectives and adapt to changing circumstances.

By utilizing all of these critical thinking skills, it will be possible to develop innovative solutions that are both practical and effective.

21. Reserving Judgment

A key part of critical thinking is reserving judgment. This means that we should not rush to conclusions, but instead take the time to consider all the evidence before making up our minds.

By reserving judgment, we can avoid making premature decisions that we might later regret. We can also avoid falling victim to confirmation bias, which is the tendency to only pay attention to information that supports our existing beliefs.

Instead, by keeping an open mind and considering all the evidence, we can make better decisions and reach more accurate conclusions.

22. Identifying Deceit

Critical thinking is an important skill to have in any situation, but it is especially important when trying to identify deceit.

There are a few key things to look for when using critical thinking to identify deceit.

First, pay attention to the person’s body language. Second, listen closely to what the person is saying and look for any inconsistencies. Finally, try to get a sense of the person’s motive – why would they want to deceive you?

Each of these questions helps you to not just take things at their face value. Instead, you’re critiquing the situation and coming to a conclusion using all of your intellect and senses, rather than just believing what you’re told.

23. Being Open-Minded to New Evidence that Contradicts your Beliefs

People with critical thinking skills are more open-minded because they are willing to consider different points of view and evidence.

They also realize that their own beliefs may be wrong and are willing to change their minds if new information is presented.

Similarly, people who are not critical thinkers tend to be close-minded because they fail to critique themselves and challenge their own mindset. This can lead to conflicts, as closed-minded people are not willing to budge on their beliefs even when presented with contradictory evidence.

Critical thinkers, on the other hand, are able to have more productive conversations as they are willing to listen to others and consider different viewpoints. Ultimately, being open-minded and willing to change one’s mind is a sign of intelligence and maturity.

24. Accounting for Bias

We all have biases, based on our individual experiences, perspectives, and beliefs. These can lead us to see the world in a certain way and to interpret information in a way that supports our existing views.

However, if we want to truly understand an issue, it is important to try to put aside our personal biases and look at the evidence objectively.

This is where critical thinking skills come in.

By using critical thinking, we can examine the evidence dispassionately and assess different arguments without letting our own prejudices get in the way. Start by looking at weaknesses and logical flaws in your own thinking.

Play the devil’s advocate.

In this way, you can start to get a more accurate picture of an issue and make more informed decisions.

25. Basing your Beliefs on Logic and Reasoning

In order to lead a successful and fulfilling life, it is important to base your beliefs on logic and reasoning.

This does not mean that you should never believe in something without evidence, but it does mean that you should be thoughtful and intentional about the things that you choose to believe.

One way to ensure that your beliefs are based on logic and reasoning is to seek out reliable sources of information. Another method is to use thought games to follow all your thoughts to their logical conclusions.

By basing your beliefs on logic and reasoning, you will be more likely to make sound decisions, and less likely to be swayed by emotions or misinformation.

Critical thinking is an important skill for anyone who wants to be successful in the modern world. It allows us to evaluate information and make reasoned decisions, rather than simply accepting things at face value. 

Thus, employers often want to employ people with strong critical thinking skills. These employees will be able to solve problems by themselves and identify ways to improve the workplace. They will be able to push back against bad decisions and use their own minds to make good decisions.

Furthermore, critical thinking skills are important for students. This is because they need to be able to evaluate information and think through problems with a critical mindset in order to learn and improve.

• Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/chris-drew-phd/ 101 Hidden Talents Examples
• Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/chris-drew-phd/ 15 Green Flags in a Relationship
• Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/chris-drew-phd/ 15 Signs you're Burnt Out, Not Lazy
• Chris Drew (PhD) https://helpfulprofessor.com/author/chris-drew-phd/ 15 Toxic Things Parents Say to their Children

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Translation of "criticism" into tagalog, lingvanex - your universal translation app, other words form.

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critical thinking

Last Update: 2020-06-30 Usage Frequency: 1 Quality: Reference: Anonymous

critical thinking examples

mapanuring pag iisip halimbawa

Last Update: 2016-06-25 Usage Frequency: 6 Quality: Reference: Anonymous

what is critical thinking?

ano ang kritikal iisip?

Last Update: 2018-06-20 Usage Frequency: 1 Quality: Reference: Anonymous

stimulate the critical thinking

Last Update: 2021-01-13 Usage Frequency: 1 Quality: Reference: Anonymous

Last Update: 2020-05-13 Usage Frequency: 1 Quality: Reference: Anonymous

encourage critical and creative thinking

hikayatin ang kritikal at malikhaing pag - iisip

Last Update: 2022-09-02 Usage Frequency: 4 Quality: Reference: Anonymous

self critical

wala gusto ko makipag kwentuhan

Last Update: 2023-09-08 Usage Frequency: 3 Quality: Reference: Anonymous

critical thinking and problem solving skills

kritikal na pag-iisip at kasanayan sa paglutas ng problema

Last Update: 2020-01-28 Usage Frequency: 1 Quality: Reference: Anonymous

holistic thinking

bahagyang pag - iisip

Last Update: 2023-10-22 Usage Frequency: 4 Quality: Reference: Anonymous

you're thinking

is there anything i dare not to say

Last Update: 2023-09-24 Usage Frequency: 1 Quality: Reference: Anonymous

critical control point

Last Update: 2022-03-02 Usage Frequency: 1 Quality: Reference: Anonymous

for me reading can help improve people's ability to communicate and their critical thinking

para sa akin ang pagbabasa ay makakatulong na mapabuti ang kakayahan ng mga tao na makipag - usap at ang kanilang kritikal na pag - iisip

Last Update: 2022-10-05 Usage Frequency: 1 Quality: Reference: Anonymous

critical thinking skills enable you to analyze information and process it rationally to help you determine the value of that information or make a decision.

Last Update: 2023-09-08 Usage Frequency: 1 Quality: Reference: Anonymous

it can help you to be a creative non fiction writer who were expressing your own thoughts and ideas in a nice and creative way. a writer uses his/her own critical thinking to write an effective writing

Last Update: 2020-10-16 Usage Frequency: 1 Quality: Reference: Anonymous

“a student-centered, active learning approach focusing on questioning, critical thinking, and problem-solving. it's associated with the idea "involve me and i understand.

"ang isang mag - aaral ay nakasentro, aktibong diskarte sa pag - aaral na nakatuon sa pagtatanong, kritikal na pag - iisip, at paglutas ng problema. it 's associated with the idea na " involve me and i understand.

Last Update: 2022-04-11 Usage Frequency: 1 Quality: Reference: Anonymous Warning: Contains invisible HTML formatting

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