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How to Write an Enduring Issues Essay

An enduring issue essay is a significant part of the Global History and Geography II Regents Examination in the New York State. How do you prepare for it and make sure you’ll do your best?

One good way is practice. Learn how to write an enduring issue essay from this guide. It gives step-by-step instructions on working with documents and analyzing the evidence to elicit the issue. Another way is to read as many examples as you can – luckily, your friendly free essay writer is always there to help.

Let’s Start With The Enduring Issue Definition

Before we talk in detail about the essay’s format and structure, let us first understand the unique subject of it. What is an enduring issue?

An enduring issue is a lasting problem or challenge that has been manifesting itself in various forms throughout history. Different societies faced it and dealt with it with varying degrees of success, but it persists thought time. The conflict of new ideas and beliefs with custom and tradition or the scarcity of natural resources can serve as examples of enduring issues.

How to Work with the Enduring Issues List

The enduring issues essay rubric is the most important in the Global History and Geography II exam. It will consist of five excerpts from historical documents and a pre-planning worksheet with an enduring issues chart to help you identify the underlying issue that is common for all five documents.

To identify the issue quickly and successfully under time pressure and in a stressful environment of the examination, you should start preparing for it today. The first thing you should do is familiarizing yourself with the list of topics that might come up. The list of enduring issues varies, but here are some of the potential ones:

• traditional culture vs. modernization
• discrimination and inequality
• human rights violation
• impact of the environment of humans
• human impact on the environment
• industrialization
• urbanization
• desire for power
• cooperation
• imperialism/expansionism
• nationalism
• colonization
• cultural diffusion
• population growth

To talk about the issue raised by the set of documents, you can (and are encouraged to) use any outside knowledge that you have learned from other courses, such as Social Studies or US History, or personal experience and observations. However, you must include the evidence from at least three of the documents presented in the examination worksheet.

Here is an exercise you can do to feel more comfortable with identifying the issues. Make three columns in your notebook or word processor, put the enduring issues from the list above into the first column. Think about any related words or events that are associated with each issue. For example, for Technology , you can put innovations and the industrial revolution, and for Conflict , write French Revolution and Civil War.

Then, in the third column, try to look for less obvious connections – the accompanying issues that emerge when the bigger one is in motion. For example, for Revolution and War, these would be mass killings, reign of terror, new visions being discredited by the horrors of conflict, scarcity of resources, poverty, diseases.

The documents you will receive for analysis during the examination will most likely deal with some of the accompanying issues, a neutral or even a positive phenomenon that emerged from a bigger, underlying issue you must unpack. That means, during the exam, you will have to go through this process in reverse. That is why it is important to exercise in seeing these connections.

Enduring Issue Essay: Introduction to Writing

To have a 5 score on your Enduring Issues Rubric, you should:

• accurately identify and define one enduring issue common for at least three of the five documents
• build an in-depth argument about how this issued affected people, how it persists or has changed over time
• not only describe the issue but analyze it, create new information from evidence
• support your argument with details and evidence from at least three documents
• support your argument with relevant outside knowledge
• organize your essay logically with a clear plan: the introduction paragraph, the body, and the conclusion.

As you can see, the basic requirements are not that different from any other essay, however, the key to success is to identify the enduring issue and support it with the evidence from the documents you will not see until the exam itself. However, here are the good ways to identify an enduring issue, whichever it might be:

Instead of an issue you know a lot about or an issue you would like to write about, look for challenges and problems in the documents.

Instead of settling on a general name, try to narrow the issue down to be as specific, as possible (it must still cover at least three documents). For example, instead of just “discrimination” you can identify an issue as racism, sexism, xenophobia, or prejudice against LGBTQI+.

If possible, try to expand on your core enduring issue by analyzing its causes or identifying the effects. For example, “Racial discrimination that led to marginalization and economic disadvantage of the discriminated group”.

You don’t have to limit yourself to the issues we provided as examples. If in the documents you clearly see an enduring issue that is not on the list above, go for it. For example, the generation gap or pollution aren’t given as examples, but they are enduring issues nonetheless.

Let’s suppose that you have identified the issue and have chosen the evidence from the documents. Now let us look into how to start an enduring issues essay and write it on time.

How to Prepare an Enduring Issues Essay Outline

The 5-paragraph essay format you have probably been using for your high school essays will be appropriate for the enduring issues essay as well. Here is how to apply it for your enduring issue essay outline.

Introductory paragraph

Remember that your exam is timed. You should spend about 8 minutes or less on writing your introduction, so keep it short and sweet – 5 or 6 sentences will be enough. Best way to outline it is:

• A short definition of an enduring issue, followed by an example of the issue you are writing about. For example, “An enduring issue is a challenge that persists throughout human history. One example of such challenge is the scarcity of freshwater”.
• Define your chosen issue and provide some examples that you will later expand on in the body of your essay (remember about the documents).
• Close the introduction with a generalization that affirms that the issue you’ve chosen is indeed an enduring one. For example, “From ancient times to nowadays people continue struggling with water shortage”.

Outlining the body

In this part of your essay, you will analyze the evidence according to the requirements of the prompt. The number of paragraphs in an enduring issues essay depends on the number of documents you cite and the additional external evidence you may want to provide. Three paragraphs are the minimum. Here is how you should organize each of them:

• A short and simple topic sentence introducing the subject of the paragraph and providing a smooth transition from the previous one.
• Evidence from the document, rephrased and properly cited (Doc. 4)
• Explanation of the evidence: how has it affected people, how it persists or changes through time.

To write an engaging and coherent essay, assume your audience knows nothing about the topic:

• Write in short , straightforward sentences
• Explain your point in detail
• Use linking expressions (accordingly, as a result, meanwhile, afterward, furthermore) and signal words (to illustrate, specifically, because of, however, consequently) to help your reader navigate the essay
• Use only the essential parts of the documents to illustrate your point

Concluding paragraph

In the concluding paragraph, you should summarize your essay, generalize it, and provide a wider context for the issue you’ve analyzed in the main part of your essay. For a short and effective conclusion, stick to the following plan:

• Restate your selected enduring issue
• Sum up the body of your essay. List key ideas – one for each paragraph. You don’t need to repeat the details here, only the gist.
• Finish with a though-provoking generalization about enduring issues (For example, how these issues stem from the flaws/strengths inherent to human nature or how they cannot be solved forever but must be addressed by each new generation).

Remember, you must not include any new facts or evidence here. Also, avoid unsupported opinions that do not follow from the evidence.

How to Get an Enduring Issues Essay Example

If you are still confused about writing this particular type of essay, you can search our sample essays collection for the enduring essays or papers on similar topics. Read and learn from the examples – they are absolutely free!

Another way to get a perfect customized enduring issues essay sample is to send us your enduring issues essay prompt and let us write it for you! Our writers have vast experience with all formats of academic writing and great expertise in various research fields. They will provide an in-depth analysis, expert insight, and a perfectly formatted paper that adheres to the requirements.

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Jana Rooheart came to WOWESSAYS™ with a mission to put together and then slice and dice our vast practical experience in crafting all kinds of academic papers. Jana is an aspired blogger with rich expertise in psychology, digital learning tools, and creative writing. In this blog, she willingly shares tricks of pencraft and mind-altering ideas about academic writing any student will find utterly beneficial.

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How to Write an Enduring Issues Essay: Guide with Topics and examples

Writing Enduring Issues Essay

Writing an enduring issues essay is not easy. You must discuss a topic that can get people to discuss and think long after they read your paper.

This guide will teach you how to write an enduring issues essay. You will find the topics list and examples of each one. In addition, we go over the different types of essays used for this purpose and give you a brief overview.

What is an Enduring Issues Essay?

An enduring issues essay is a written task where the author identifies and describes a historically significant challenge that endured for a long duration and has been addressed with different degrees of success.

You should describe the challenge, explain why it has endured and how different people successfully addressed it at different times.

Mostly, this can be either by a group or an individual, but it must be historically significant so that the argument you present can be backed up with historical evidence.

An enduring issues essay is a written task where you are to identify and describe a historically significant challenge that has endured over time and has been addressed with varying degrees of success.

For example, if you were asked to write an enduring issues essay on women’s rights in America, you would need to determine if women’s rights have improved or not since the beginning of the nation.

You could then compare these results from past times with present-day trends. This task can happen by looking at how women were treated in colonial times compared to now.

You could also compare them to those who came before us, such as those who were slaves during slavery, compared to today’s race relations which do not discriminate based on race but rather on merit.

Typically, an enduring issues essay allows for historical analysis to see how our society has changed over time and what is still relevant today.

How to Write an Enduring Issues Essay

1. choose your topic.

When you are writing an essay, you need to choose a topic that is interesting and interesting enough to draw the attention of your readers. The topic should be something that can get discussed in several different ways.

To ensure that your essay is successful, it needs a clear structure.

An outline will help you plan exactly what you want to say in each section of your essay and how they relate to one another. In addition to planning your essay, several tips can help you write an enduring issues essay.

First, write down some ideas for the essay. Write down what questions or topics you would like to discuss; for example, if you wanted to write about global warming in your essay, then write down all the things happening worldwide on this issue.

You must consider something that impacts everyone, not just someone specific or something local such as pollution.

Next, think about where these ideas come from. For example: do you have friends who are interested in this issue? Can they help you find information about it? Can they give examples of others who have written about this topic before?

2. Choose your Thesis Statement

The best way to write an enduring issues paper is to start with a thesis statement. This sentence or two summarizes your argument and explains why you are writing.

The thesis statement should be a strong one that states your main point clearly and concisely but also broad enough to encompass many other points of view. It should be like: “All of us need to find ways to improve our communication skills.”

You can then support this thesis by using examples from your own life or others in your family, school or community. You might also use statistics or other research materials from books or online resources, such as Wikipedia.

3. Write your Introduction

You should write your introduction in an engaging and emotional tone. You can achieve this by writing about a personal connection, experience or something that makes you feel strongly about the issue.

If you are writing about a social issue, discussing how it affects people and what it means for those involved or affected by it is important.

You can use examples to illustrate this point and help your readers understand the importance of your argument.

For example:

In this essay, I will discuss how climate change is affecting our future generations by highlighting some of the problems they face due to climate change, such as rising sea levels and ocean acidification, droughts and wildfires, extreme weather events and food shortages (Klein and Sams).

In addition, I will discuss how we can tackle these issues by implementing new technologies that reduce carbon emissions and help us adapt to climate change (Klein and Sams).

4. Include body sections

The body section is where you will elaborate further on the issue, giving examples and evidence that support your argument. You may also include an additional supporting quote if you have any. The body section should be no less than three paragraphs long.

The essay’s body sections should explain each issue’s causes and effects. The body section should not be longer than three paragraphs unless you are going for a detailed explanation of your chosen topic.

A good way to structure your body section is by using a question-and-answer format. You can ask yourself questions such as: ‘What are the causes?’ or ‘How does it affect me?’ and answer them with your own opinion or research findings.

The body section is where you need to explain what you have learned about the topic and why it matters to you personally. You can use quotes from others who have experienced similar problems or relevant statistics on how many people are affected by these issues worldwide.

5. Conclusion

The conclusion is the final part of a written essay, which can be either a paragraph or a point, and it should give you a summary of your main points. It should not be too long and should include some conclusion statement.

The conclusion is the last line of your essay that summarizes all the points previously discussed in your writing. The best way to conclude an essay is by stating your main points, followed by an explanation.

Enduring Issues Essay Example Topics

A) climate change.

For example;

The issue of climate change has been a topic that has been discussed in the past and will continue to be discussed in the future.

Climate change is a global phenomenon affecting all parts of Earth’s life. It is caused by human activities such as fossil fuel burning, deforestation and agriculture. It devastates agriculture, water supply, food production and human health.

The causes of climate change can be attributed to human activities such as fossil fuel burning, deforestation and agriculture (UNFCCC).

Fossil fuels are the main contributors to greenhouse gases (GHG) which are responsible for trapping heat within the atmosphere through a process known as radiative forcing.

Deforestation is another cause of climate change as it contributes to land-use changes, which results in increased carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions into the atmosphere.

Agriculture contributes to CO2 emissions because it releases methane gas into the atmosphere when animals eaten by humans are released back into the environment after being consumed by humans.

Climate change has serious consequences for all life on earth, including humans, who have become a major contributor to climate change through their consumption habits, such as over-fishing or consuming meat from animals raised using non-sustainable practices such as intensive farming methods and fertilizers.

b) The Great Depression

One example of this kind of essay is “The Great Depression,” which was written by John Steinbeck in 1939. In this essay, he talked about how people worldwide suffered during this time because they had no jobs, money or food.

He also talked about how people turned to crime to survive financially, which brought down society’s values even more than before.

c) The Nazi Holocaust

Another example would be “The Nazi Holocaust” by Hannah Arendt, which discusses the systematic genocide done by Adolf Hitler’s Nazi party against Jews during World War II.

In this essay, she talks about how many German citizens were happy when Hitler took control of their country because they thought it would bring glory to Germany again after losing wars with other countries such as France.

With over 10 years in academia and academic assistance, Alicia Smart is the epitome of excellence in the writing industry. She is our chief editor and in charge of the writing department at Grade Bees.

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• 3 Examples of Enduring Issue Essays to Write Yours Like a Pro

Enduring issues are lasting problems of the world. When writing a paper for the NYS Regent Exam, you’ll get a task to craft an essay about some of those issues. It would help to have a few samples beforehand to know how to write it well, wouldn’t it?

In this article, you’ll find three enduring issues essay examples. They serve to reveal the nature of this paper type. Also, you’ll get the enduring issues list and read some practical tips on enduring issues essay writing.

So, here we go.

What Is an Enduring Issues Essay?

First, let’s explain: What is an enduring issue?

Enduring meaning is “lasting.” So, if we needed to provide an enduring issue definition, we would say that it’s a problem that exists across time. It’s an issue in global history that many societies have attempted to address with varying degrees of success.

An enduring issues essay is a paper identifying and describing some lasting problem, referring to excerpts from historical documents.

In this essay, you:

• Identify and define an enduring issue in the introduction.
• Explain why it’s significant, how it has impacted people, and how it has lasted over time. For that, you use your knowledge of the subject and evidence from the documents you get in the prompt.

An enduring issues essay is a part of the Regents Examinations in New York State.

Enduring Issues List

Enduring issues examples are many, and it’s hard to predict which one you’ll get in the exam prompt. We can divide them into five top categories:

• Environment
• Wants and Needs

Each category has sub-topics your essay prompt may include. So, here is the list of enduring issues. We’ve made it a table for better clarity and understanding:

How to Write an Enduring Issues Essay

Before writing an enduring issues essay, you examine the provided documents to analyze which issues exist there. There can be several different issues, and you have the element of choice here: 

• Name and define the enduring issue you’ll discuss.
• Choose the documents among those provided to support your thesis.
• Develop your essay introduction and thesis. (Use the formula: Thesis = Enduring Issue + Why It’s Important + Topics of Discussion . See the example below.)
• Write a body. (The number of paragraphs = the number of documents you address in the essay.)
• Conclude an essay, restating the claim in your thesis.

Here’s an example of a thesis statement in your enduring issues essay:

Our colleague Melissa Keele did a great job visualizing the structure of a body paragraph . It should include the following elements:

• Topic sentence
• Document information
• Analysis of both: Explain how the issue impacted people/places and how it continued/changed over time
• Outside information whenever possible
• Closing sentence (optional)

As for enduring issues essay conclusion examples , let’s go to the complete samples below. Such an essay’s concluding paragraphs are usually short (3-5 sentences). Just reiterate your claim again, insisting on its significance and effect over time.

Enduring Issues Essay: Examples

As a rule, prompts for enduring issues essays are super detailed (1). Read them carefully and examine the corresponding documents precisely — and you’ll know what and how to cover in your paper.

Below are several samples of complete essays. Each example is on a different issue for you to see how to structure this type of writing.

Sample 1: Social Studies topic

Sample 2: global history and geography topic.

In this sample, we’ve covered just one body paragraph for you to see how to structure it. Two other paragraphs about Maximillian Robespierre and Napoleon Bonaparte would have the same format, with corresponding evidence from historical documents.

Sample 3: Climate Change topic

Tips on structuring your enduring issues essay.

Now that you have enduring issues essay examples and know what to include in each paragraph, the final note from us:

These tiny steps and easy-to-follow rules will help you craft an A-worthy paper.

1) Focus on evidence-based claims and arguments. Make every sentence of your essay matter: Avoid generic categories, conflicts, and points.

2) Don’t be afraid to explore beyond the given documents. Enduring issues essays are also about your knowledge. So if, after analyzing the sources, you see the lack of points to cover the issue, feel free to explore more and support your claims with extra points.

3) Stay objective. This essay isn’t opinion or reflective but analytical and based on evidence. Structure it accordingly:

• Introduce the issue
• Present its historical context and importance
• Finish with its impact and relevance

Ready to Write Yours?

An enduring issues essay is about a lasting problem in global history. It’s a part of the Regents Examinations for New York State’s students. You’ll get a detailed prompt with guidelines.

So, you’ll need to define the issue you’ll discuss and find the evidence in the documents the examiners will give you. Use the above enduring issues essay examples as samples to understand the structure. We hope they’ll help you format your paper the best you can.

References: 

• https:// w ww.nysed.gov/sites/default/files/programs/state-assessment/2-sample-enduring-issue-essay.pdf
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Writing a Winning Enduring Issues Essay

Are you taking geography, history or related courses? If the answer is “yes,” the chances are that your teacher will, at some point, ask you to write an enduring issues essay. Note that even teachers outside the above two disciplines might also ask you to write an enduring issues essay. So, how do you go about writing a winning enduring issues essay?

This post is a comprehensive guide to help you understand what an enduring issues essay is and how to craft it. Furthermore, we have also provided a sample and special tips to help you craft top-rated essays.

What is an Enduring Issues Essay?

This is a type of essay where students are required to identify and describe historically significant challenges that have persisted over time and efforts to address them implemented with varying levels of success.

In most cases, you are provided with a set of historical documents, which you need to analyze, and finally write a report.

Examples of Enduring Issues

To be able to craft a great essay, it is important to start with enduring issue definition. Enduring issues are problems that people encounter daily and that have been looked at or debated in anthropology, history, geography, and social studies or other related disciplines. Therefore, studying them helps to look for solutions, and essay writing is one of the best ways to present such recommendations. Here is a list of some common enduring issues that you are likely to find in excerpts.

Inequality Conflicts Power Cooperation Impacts on the environment Interconnectedness Beliefs and ideas Scarcity Environmental impacts Innovation Cybercrime Religious extremism

How to Write a Great Enduring Issues Essay

The process of crafting a good enduring essay starts with answering the question, “what are some enduring issues under consideration?” Then, go ahead and identify a good title and a thesis for your essay. The thesis statement is very crucial because it will be reflected in the entire essay. Then, develop a good enduring issues essay outline, which details what you should discuss at different points in the essay. You might also want to check a few enduring issues essay examples to see how their outlines were developed. Here is a sample outline that you can use:

Introduction: The introduction should capture the background of the study and bring out the thesis. Also, you should use the introduction to grab the readers’ attention, and make them want to go through the entire essay.

Body: In the body of your essay, you describe how the issue you are focusing on has affected people over the generations. If your teacher provided the excerpts about the issues you will discuss, make sure to understand the context of the problem well. Then, present the issues logically and use additional evidence to make the story look professional and informative. Make sure also to bring out the counterarguments.

Conclusion : This is the last section of the essay and should be used to summarize it. Note that you should not use the conclusion to introduce new points, but should only summarize what was discussed on the essay.

Enduring Issues Essay Prompts

If you take a closer look at the most enduring essay prompts, they are almost similar. Take a closer look at these examples:

• Define a nesting issue by bringing out its historically accurate explanation captured the three documents
• Human rights violation: Why is it an important enduring issue?
• A closer look at inequality from the viewpoint of industrial revolution.
• How has global warming impacted society?

Enduring Issues Essay Example

When you finally submit the completed essay, some of the things that your teacher will check include succinctness, flow, facts, and sentence structure. See the following enduring issues essay sample that demonstrates how to do a great paper.

Nationalism is the identification with a person’s own country and supporting its interests, but this happens to the detriment of the interest of other people in other nations. Nationalism happens through people uniting and forming a united front that helps to define them. In history, many countries felt the extreme attachment and, indeed, pride for their countries. Although people mainly see nationalism positively because it is their source of pride, there are others, especially the excluded ones, who see it to be extremely negative. The events that make a country view nationalism both positively and negatively make it a hot enduring issue. Nationalism changes the way people think, making them look for ways to benefit, whether socially or economically, to the detriment of others. In history, nationalism was a key source of conflict that fueled major conflicts, including World War I and II. It influences cultures and nations, as shown by Count Camillo di Cavour’s statement about driving foreigners away from Italy in 1852, Unification, and Death in the 20th century in Serbia…

Enduring Issues Essay Writing Tips

To make your essay shine and earn you more marks, it is prudent to ensure you understand the instructions from your lecturer well and follow them. For example, what format does your teacher recommend? Here are other useful tips to consider.

• Ensure to read about the selected issue or issues widely.
• Develop an enduring issues chart to help you understand the extent of their implications.
• Carefully follow the guideline provided by your teacher.
• Make sure to support the issue that you are discussing with credible resources.
• Read other enduring issue essay examples to learn from other writers.
• Proofread your work well before submitting it.

Seek Writing Help from Experts

When it comes to writing enduring issues essay, many students often find it a challenge. Some find the deadline tight while others have poor writing skills. However, it would help if you do not give up because custom writing help from experts is only a click away. The assistance is provided by expert writers with experience and commitment to help you rake the best grades. Why go for a standard or a failing grade when you can scoop an A with an expert?

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How to Write an Enduring Issues Essay Thesis

A lesson on writing a thesis that includes the enduring issue, a claim about it, and a list of examples to be discussed in the essay.

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Enduring Issues Check-In: How to Write an Enduring Issues Essay Thesis

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How To Write an Enduring Issues Essay

An enduring issue is a problem that has been occurring for an extended amount of time and in many places. Writing an essay about enduring issues is a difficult endeavor that demands critical thinking, analytical abilities, and a dedication to uniqueness and authenticity. This essay looks into persistent and difficult issues throughout history, necessitating a deliberate and inventive approach to avoid plagiarism.

In the following paragraphs, we, Paperial , will go through steps and strategies on how to write an enduring issues essay that highlights your completely different perspective while keeping academic integrity.

Steps To Take When Writing an Enduring Issues Essay

1.     familiarize yourself with enduring issues.

To create an enduring issues essay, it is essential that you first understand the notion of enduring issues. These are basic concerns that have been experienced through different time periods and geographical locations. Examples of Enduring Issues topics include:

• Social inequity.
• Environmental Sustainability.
• Technological Development.
• Human rights.

Study the historical context, causes, and impacts of your selected enduring issue to have an in-depth understanding of it. This understanding will serve as the foundation for an original and honest essay.

2.     Conduct In-Depth Research

When writing an enduring issues essay, you must select a topic that is both intriguing and engaging enough to pique the interest of your readers. The subject should be something that can be discussed in a variety of ways. To ensure that your essay is successful, it needs a clear structure.

Thorough research is essential to achieve originality. Investigate a range of credible sources, such as academic publications, books, and respected websites. This will enable you to gain an abundance of opinions on the topic at hand.

You may build a full grasp of the issue and establish your own unique arguments and thoughts by immersing yourself in the existing dialogue. Remember to take careful notes and thoroughly document your sources to prevent unintentional plagiarism.

3.     Develop a Strong Thesis Statement

A well-written thesis statement is the foundation of your enduring issues essay. It should show your unique opinion on the chosen problem. The thesis statement must be precise, short, and debatable. It should serve as a road map for the rest of your essay, directing the reader through your analysis and interpretation.

Furthermore, a well-crafted thesis statement improves the coherence of the essay . The readers will be clear on what you are on about, and they will be able to follow smoothly. This is because you will be in a position to present a central argument and be well-positioned to maintain a logical flow.

If your essay is argumentative, a thesis statement goes a long way in strengthening your argument. It establishes a position that you will be defending throughout the essay. Without a thesis statement , it would be relatively harder to establish and maintain a persuasive stance.

4.     Analyze and Interpret the Issue

An essay on enduring issues calls for critical thinking and interpretation. Avoid repeating current narratives or popular viewpoints. Instead, study the problem critically from numerous viewpoints and from multiple perspectives.

Make use of your research findings and personal insights to create your own interpretations based on evidence analyses. This method will assist you in writing an original essay that adds value to the existing discussion.

5.     Support Your Arguments with Evidence

Make sure your ideas are supported by trustworthy evidence to retain their authenticity and uniqueness. To back up your arguments, make use of the following:

• Historical examples.
• Case studies.
• Expert opinions.

Analyze and contextualize the facts in your essay carefully, making a clear connection between the data and your thesis statement . You exhibit your capacity to interact with the enduring issue and give unique perspectives by employing evidence effectively.

6.     Properly Cite and Reference Sources

To avoid plagiarism, you must correctly credit and reference all sources used in your essay. Familiarize yourself with the needed citation style (e.g., Harvard, APA, MLA) and follow it consistently throughout your work.

Cite direct quotations, paraphrased material, and concepts that have been summarized to give credit to the original writers. Accurate citations not only exhibit integrity in academia but also boost the trustworthiness of your writing.

You should collect comprehensive data from external sources. Additionally, you ought to go through a variety of archives to support your thesis statement and defend your argument . Make sure you have a lot of relevant data from diverse sources and include it in your argument. Otherwise, it will be helpless and unsure.

7.     Edit and Proofread

After you’ve finished your first draft, set aside time for editing and proofreading. Check for clarity, coherence, and logical flow in your writing. Remove grammatical and spelling issues, as well as differences in punctuation.

Ensure that each paragraph contributes to your core point while remaining focused. You may improve the uniqueness of your essay and reduce the chance of unintended plagiarism by thoroughly revising and proofreading it.

A clean job boosts credibility, and what’s more, the reader will have an easy time going through it. It is unlikely for someone to enjoy reading an essay with tons of spelling mistakes, misplaced punctuation, and a difficult flow. Therefore, it is imperative that you set time aside to proofread your article.

8.     Utilize Plagiarism Detection Tools

Use plagiarism detection software such as Turnitin or Grammarly to scan your essay before turning it in. Doing this will boost your confidence in the essay. By comparing your work to a large database of published resources, the technologies mentioned may discover any unintentional instances of plagiarism. Plagiarism compromises the originality of your work, so it is best to minimize it as much as possible.

Writing an essay on enduring issues necessitates a careful mix of creativity and academic honesty. Some practical tips on writing an enduring issues essay include familiarizing yourself before embarking on the writing process by doing extensive research. As this article advises, you should also craft a solid thesis statement, which acts as a road map for the flow and your argumentative take on the essay . Lastly, ensure that your piece is well-edited before calling it a day.

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• How to write the body of an essay | Drafting & redrafting

How to Write the Body of an Essay | Drafting & Redrafting

Published on November 5, 2014 by Shane Bryson . Revised on July 23, 2023 by Shona McCombes.

The body is the longest part of an essay . This is where you lead the reader through your ideas, elaborating arguments and evidence for your thesis . The body is always divided into paragraphs .

You can work through the body in three main stages:

• Create an  outline of what you want to say and in what order.
• Write a first draft to get your main ideas down on paper.
• Write a second draft to clarify your arguments and make sure everything fits together.

This article gives you some practical tips for how to approach each stage.

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Table of contents

Start with an outline, write the first draft, write the second draft, other interesting articles.

Before you start, make a rough outline that sketches out the main points you want to make and the order you’ll make them in. This can help you remember how each part of the essay should relate to the other parts.

However, remember that  the outline isn’t set in stone – don’t be afraid to change the organization if necessary. Work on an essay’s structure begins before you start writing, but it continues as you write, and goes on even after you’ve finished writing the first draft.

While you’re writing a certain section, if you come up with an idea for something elsewhere in the essay, take a few moments to add to your outline or make notes on your organizational plans.

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Your goals in the first draft are to turn your rough ideas into workable arguments, add detail to those arguments, and get a sense of what the final product will actually look like.

Write strong body paragraphs

Start wherever you want

Many writers do not begin writing at the introduction , or even the early body paragraphs. Start writing your essay where it seems most natural for you to do so.

Some writers might prefer to start with the easiest section to write, while others prefer to get the most difficult section out of the way first. Think about what material you need to clarify for yourself, and consider beginning there.

Tackle one idea at a time

Each paragraph should aim to focus on one central idea, giving evidence, explanation, and arguments that relate to that idea.

At the start of each paragraph, write a topic sentence that expresses the main point. Then elaborate and expand on the topic sentence in the rest of the paragraph.

When you’ve said everything you have to say about the idea, move onto a new paragraph.

Keep your argument flexible

You may realize as you write that some of your ideas don’t work as well as you thought they would. Don’t give up on them too easily, but be prepared to change or abandon sections if you realize they don’t make sense.

You’ll probably also come up with new ideas that you’d not yet thought of when writing the outline. Note these ideas down and incorporate them into the essay if there’s a logical place for them.

If you’re stuck on one section, move on to another part of the essay and come back to it later.

Don’t delete content

If you begin to dislike a certain section or even the whole essay, don’t scrap it in fit of rage!

If something really isn’t working, you can paste it into a separate document, but keep what you have, even if you don’t plan on using it. You may find that it contains or inspires new ideas that you can use later.

Note your sources

Students often make work for themselves by forgetting to keep track of sources when writing drafts.

You can save yourself a lot of time later and ensure you avoid plagiarism by noting down the name, year, and page number every time you quote or paraphrase from a source.

You can also use a citation generator to save a list of your sources and copy-and-paste citations when you need them.

Avoid perfectionism

When you’re writing a first draft, it’s important not to get slowed down by small details. Get your ideas down on paper now and perfect them later. If you’re unsatisfied with a word, sentence, or argument, flag it in the draft and revisit it later.

When you finish the first draft, you will know which sections and paragraphs work and which might need to be changed. It doesn’t make sense to spend time polishing something you might later cut out or revise.

Working on the second draft means assessing what you’ve got and rewriting it when necessary. You’ll likely end up cutting some parts of the essay and adding new ones.

Check your ideas against your thesis

Everything you write should be driven by your thesis . Looking at each piece of information or argumentation, ask yourself:

• Does the reader need to know this in order to understand or accept my thesis?
• Does this give evidence for my thesis?
• Does this explain the reasoning behind my thesis?
• Does this show something about the consequences or importance of my thesis?

If you can’t answer yes to any of these questions, reconsider whether it’s relevant enough to include.

If your essay has gone in a different direction than you originally planned, you might have to rework your thesis statement to more accurately reflect the argument you’ve made.

Watch out for weak points

Be critical of your arguments, and identify any potential weak points:

• Unjustified assumptions: Can you be confident that your reader shares or will accept your assumptions, or do they need to be spelled out?
• Lack of evidence:  Do you make claims without backing them up?
• Logical inconsistencies:  Do any of your points contradict each other?
• Uncertainty: Are there points where you’re unsure about your own claims or where you don’t sound confident in what you’re saying?

Fixing these issues might require some more research to clarify your position and give convincing evidence for it.

Check the organization

When you’re happy with all the main parts of your essay, take another look at the overall shape of it. You want to make sure that everything proceeds in a logical order without unnecessary repetition.

Try listing only the topic sentence of each paragraph and reading them in order. Are any of the topic sentences too similar? Each paragraph should discuss something different; if two paragraphs are about the same topic, they must approach it in different ways, and these differences should be made clear in the topic sentences.

Does the order of information make sense? Looking at only topic sentences lets you see at a glance the route your paper takes from start to finish, allowing you to spot organizational errors more easily.

Draw clear connections between your ideas

Finally, you should assess how your ideas fit together both within and between paragraphs. The connections might be clear to you, but you need to make sure they’ll also be clear to your reader.

Within each paragraph, does each sentence follow logically from the one before it? If not, you might need to add new sentences to make the connections clear. Try using transition words to clarify what you want to say.

Between one paragraph and the next, is it clear how your points relate to one another? If you are moving onto an entirely new topic, consider starting the paragraph with a transition sentence that moves from the previous topic and shows how it relates to the new one.

If you want to know more about AI tools , college essays , or fallacies make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!

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Shane Bryson

Shane finished his master's degree in English literature in 2013 and has been working as a writing tutor and editor since 2009. He began proofreading and editing essays with Scribbr in early summer, 2014.

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How to Write a Body Paragraph for a College Essay  

January 29, 2024

No matter the discipline, college success requires mastering several academic basics, including the body paragraph. This article will provide tips on drafting and editing a strong body paragraph before examining several body paragraph examples. Before we look at how to start a body paragraph and how to write a body paragraph for a college essay (or other writing assignment), let’s define what exactly a body paragraph is.

What is a Body Paragraph?

Simply put, a body paragraph consists of everything in an academic essay that does not constitute the introduction and conclusion. It makes up everything in between. In a five-paragraph, thesis-style essay (which most high schoolers encounter before heading off to college), there are three body paragraphs. Longer essays with more complex arguments will include many more body paragraphs.

We might correlate body paragraphs with bodily appendages—say, a leg. Both operate in a somewhat isolated way to perform specific operations, yet are integral to creating a cohesive, functioning whole. A leg helps the body sit, walk, and run. Like legs, body paragraphs work to move an essay along, by leading the reader through several convincing ideas. Together, these ideas, sometimes called topics, or points, work to prove an overall argument, called the essay’s thesis.

If you compared an essay on Kant’s theory of beauty to an essay on migratory birds, you’d notice that the body paragraphs differ drastically. However, on closer inspection, you’d probably find that they included many of the same key components. Most body paragraphs will include specific, detailed evidence, an analysis of the evidence, a conclusion drawn by the author, and several tie-ins to the larger ideas at play. They’ll also include transitions and citations leading the reader to source material. We’ll go into more detail on these components soon. First, let’s see if you’ve organized your essay so that you’ll know how to start a body paragraph.

How to Start a Body Paragraph

It can be tempting to start writing your college essay as soon as you sit down at your desk. The sooner begun, the sooner done, right? I’d recommend resisting that itch. Instead, pull up a blank document on your screen and make an outline. There are numerous reasons to make an outline, and most involve helping you stay on track. This is especially true of longer college papers, like the 60+ page dissertation some seniors are required to write. Even with regular writing assignments with a page count between 4-10, an outline will help you visualize your argumentation strategy. Moreover, it will help you order your key points and their relevant evidence from most to least convincing. This in turn will determine the order of your body paragraphs.

The most convincing sequence of body paragraphs will depend entirely on your paper’s subject.  Let’s say you’re writing about Penelope’s success in outwitting male counterparts in The Odyssey . You may want to begin with Penelope’s weaving, the most obvious way in which Penelope dupes her suitors. You can end with Penelope’s ingenious way of outsmarting her own husband. Because this evidence is more ambiguous it will require a more nuanced analysis. Thus, it’ll work best as your final body paragraph, after readers have already been convinced of more digestible evidence. If in doubt, keep your body paragraph order chronological.

It can be worthwhile to consider your topic from multiple perspectives. You may decide to include a body paragraph that sets out to consider and refute an opposing point to your thesis. This type of body paragraph will often appear near the end of the essay. It works to erase any lingering doubts readers may have had, and requires strong rhetorical techniques.

How to Start a Body Paragraph, Continued

Once you’ve determined which key points will best support your argument and in what order, draft an introduction. This is a crucial step towards writing a body paragraph. First, it will set the tone for the rest of your paper. Second, it will require you to articulate your thesis statement in specific, concise wording. Highlight or bold your thesis statement, so you can refer back to it quickly. You should be looking at your thesis throughout the drafting of your body paragraphs.

Finally, make sure that your introduction indicates which key points you’ll be covering in your body paragraphs, and in what order. While this level of organization might seem like overkill, it will indicate to the reader that your entire paper is minutely thought-out. It will boost your reader’s confidence going in. They’ll feel reassured and open to your thought process if they can see that it follows a clear path.

Now that you have an essay outline and introduction, you’re ready to draft your body paragraphs.

How to Draft a Body Paragraph

At this point, you know your body paragraph topic, the key point you’re trying to make, and you’ve gathered your evidence. The next thing to do is write! The words highlighted in bold below comprise the main components that will make up your body paragraph. (You’ll notice in the body paragraph examples below that the order of these components is flexible.)

Start with a topic sentence . This will indicate the main point you plan to make that will work to support your overall thesis. Your topic sentence also alerts the reader to the change in topic from the last paragraph to the current one. In making this new topic known, you’ll want to create a transition from the last topic to this one.

Transitions appear in nearly every paragraph of a college essay, apart from the introduction. They create a link between disparate ideas. (For example, if your transition comes at the end of paragraph 4, you won’t need a second transition at the beginning of paragraph 5.) The University of Wisconsin-Madison’s Writing Center has a page devoted to Developing Strategic Transitions . Likewise, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill’s Writing Center offers help on paragraph transitions .

How to Draft a Body Paragraph for a College Essay ( Continued)

With the topic sentence written, you’ll need to prove your point through tangible evidence. This requires several sentences with various components. You’ll want to provide more context , going into greater detail to situate the reader within the topic. Next, you’ll provide evidence , often in the form of a quote, facts, or data, and supply a source citation . Citing your source is paramount. Sources indicate that your evidence is empirical and objective. It implies that your evidence is knowledge shared by others in the academic community. Sometimes you’ll want to provide multiple pieces of evidence, if the evidence is similar and can be grouped together.

After providing evidence, you must provide an interpretation and analysis of this evidence. In other words, use rhetorical techniques to paraphrase what your evidence seems to suggest. Break down the evidence further and explain and summarize it in new words. Don’t simply skip to your conclusion. Your evidence should never stand for itself. Why? Because your interpretation and analysis allow you to exhibit original, analytical, and critical thinking skills.

Depending on what evidence you’re using, you may repeat some of these components in the same body paragraph. This might look like: more context + further evidence + increased interpretation and analysis . All this will add up to proving and reaffirming your body paragraph’s main point . To do so, conclude your body paragraph by reformulating your thesis statement in light of the information you’ve given. I recommend comparing your original thesis statement to your paragraph’s concluding statement. Do they align? Does your body paragraph create a sound connection to the overall academic argument? If not, you’ll need to fix this issue when you edit your body paragraph.

How to Edit a Body Paragraph

As you go over each body paragraph of your college essay, keep this short checklist in mind.

• Consistency in your argument: If your key points don’t add up to a cogent argument, you’ll need to identify where the inconsistency lies. Often it lies in interpretation and analysis. You may need to improve the way you articulate this component. Try to think like a lawyer: how can you use this evidence to your advantage? If that doesn’t work, you may need to find new evidence. As a last resort, amend your thesis statement.
• Language-level persuasion. Use a broad vocabulary. Vary your sentence structure. Don’t repeat the same words too often, which can induce mental fatigue in the reader. I suggest keeping an online dictionary open on your browser. I find Merriam-Webster user-friendly, since it allows you to toggle between definitions and synonyms. It also includes up-to-date example sentences. Also, don’t forget the power of rhetorical devices .
• Does your writing flow naturally from one idea to the next, or are there jarring breaks? The editing stage is a great place to polish transitions and reinforce the structure as a whole.

Our first body paragraph example comes from the College Transitions article “ How to Write the AP Lang Argument Essay .” Here’s the prompt: Write an essay that argues your position on the value of striving for perfection.

Here’s the example thesis statement, taken from the introduction paragraph: “Striving for perfection can only lead us to shortchange ourselves. Instead, we should value learning, growth, and creativity and not worry whether we are first or fifth best.” Now let’s see how this writer builds an argument against perfection through one main point across two body paragraphs. (While this writer has split this idea into two paragraphs, one to address a problem and one to provide an alternative resolution, it could easily be combined into one paragraph.)

“Students often feel the need to be perfect in their classes, and this can cause students to struggle or stop making an effort in class. In elementary and middle school, for example, I was very nervous about public speaking. When I had to give a speech, my voice would shake, and I would turn very red. My teachers always told me “relax!” and I got Bs on Cs on my speeches. As a result, I put more pressure on myself to do well, spending extra time making my speeches perfect and rehearsing late at night at home. But this pressure only made me more nervous, and I started getting stomach aches before speaking in public.

“Once I got to high school, however, I started doing YouTube make-up tutorials with a friend. We made videos just for fun, and laughed when we made mistakes or said something silly. Only then, when I wasn’t striving to be perfect, did I get more comfortable with public speaking.”

Body Paragraph Example 1 Dissected

In this body paragraph example, the writer uses their personal experience as evidence against the value of striving for perfection. The writer sets up this example with a topic sentence that acts as a transition from the introduction. They also situate the reader in the classroom. The evidence takes the form of emotion and physical reactions to the pressure of public speaking (nervousness, shaking voice, blushing). Evidence also takes the form of poor results (mediocre grades). Rather than interpret the evidence from an analytical perspective, the writer produces more evidence to underline their point. (This method works fine for a narrative-style essay.) It’s clear that working harder to be perfect further increased the student’s nausea.

The writer proves their point in the second paragraph, through a counter-example. The main point is that improvement comes more naturally when the pressure is lifted; when amusement is possible and mistakes aren’t something to fear. This point ties back in with the thesis, that “we should value learning, growth, and creativity” over perfection.

This second body paragraph example comes from the College Transitions article “ How to Write the AP Lang Rhetorical Analysis Essay .” Here’s an abridged version of the prompt: Rosa Parks was an African American civil rights activist who was arrested in 1955 for refusing to give up her seat on a segregated bus in Montgomery, Alabama. Read the passage carefully. Write an essay that analyzes the rhetorical choices Obama makes to convey his message.

Here’s the example thesis statement, taken from the introduction paragraph: “Through the use of diction that portrays Parks as quiet and demure, long lists that emphasize the extent of her impacts, and Biblical references, Obama suggests that all of us are capable of achieving greater good, just as Parks did.” Now read the body paragraph example, below.

“To further illustrate Parks’ impact, Obama incorporates Biblical references that emphasize the importance of “that single moment on the bus” (lines 57-58). In lines 33-35, Obama explains that Parks and the other protestors are “driven by a solemn determination to affirm their God-given dignity” and he also compares their victory to the fall the “ancient walls of Jericho” (line 43). By including these Biblical references, Obama suggests that Parks’ action on the bus did more than correct personal or political wrongs; it also corrected moral and spiritual wrongs. Although Parks had no political power or fortune, she was able to restore a moral balance in our world.”

Body Paragraph Example 2 Dissected

The first sentence in this body paragraph example indicates that the topic is transitioning into biblical references as a means of motivating ordinary citizens. The evidence comes as quotes taken from Obama’s speech. One is a reference to God, and the other an allusion to a story from the bible. The subsequent interpretation and analysis demonstrate that Obama’s biblical references imply a deeper, moral and spiritual significance. The concluding sentence draws together the morality inherent in equal rights with Rosa Parks’ power to spark change. Through the words “no political power or fortune,” and “moral balance,” the writer ties the point proven in this body paragraph back to the thesis statement. Obama promises that “All of us” (no matter how small our influence) “are capable of achieving greater good”—a greater moral good.

What’s Next?

Before you body paragraphs come the start and, after your body paragraphs, the conclusion, of course! If you’ve found this article helpful, be sure to read up on how to start a college essay and how to end a college essay .

You may also find the following blogs to be of interest:

• 6 Best Common App Essay Examples
• How to Write the Overcoming Challenges Essay
• UC Essay Examples 
• How to Write the Community Essay
• How to Write the Why this Major? Essay
• College Essay

Kaylen Baker

With a BA in Literary Studies from Middlebury College, an MFA in Fiction from Columbia University, and a Master’s in Translation from Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis, Kaylen has been working with students on their writing for over five years. Previously, Kaylen taught a fiction course for high school students as part of Columbia Artists/Teachers, and served as an English Language Assistant for the French National Department of Education. Kaylen is an experienced writer/translator whose work has been featured in Los Angeles Review, Hybrid, San Francisco Bay Guardian, France Today, and Honolulu Weekly, among others.

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Global History Enduring Issue Essay Body Paragraph Template

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Description.

I developed this template based on exemplars published by New York State.

In conjunction with the models, these templates provide students with understanding of

-structural elements of enduring issue body paragraphs

-necessary information for body paragraphs

-guiding questions that promote development of paragraphs

-planning as part of the writing process

Questions & Answers

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