When we report conditionals and statements that refer to unreal situations, some tenses and modals may change if the reported words are no longer true or are out-of-date.
Zero conditional in indirect speech
First conditional in indirect speech
Second conditional in indirect speech
Third conditional in indirect speech
WISH / IF ONLY, WOULD RATHER / WOULD SOONER, IT'S (HIGH) TIME, AS IF / AS THOUGH in indirect speech
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by Laura Jones
Updated on November 10, 2022
The zero conditional in English
Wait, there’s a zero conditional? Most people are familiar with the first, second and third conditionals, but the zero conditional sometimes goes unnoticed. Which is a shame, because it’s a really useful construction and you’re probably using it all the time too.
The zero conditional refers to things which are real and possible . They also refer to a time which is always or now . We don’t use the zero conditional to imagine things, and we don’t use it to talk about one specific instance.
How to use indirect speech in English
The structure of the zero conditional
The zero conditional is made of two clauses: the conditional clause and the main or result clause. The structure of a sentence in the zero conditional is:
If + present simple,
present simple.
If it rains, the ground gets wet.
We can change the order of the clauses without changing the meaning. If the main clause comes first in the sentence, we don’t need a comma.
The ground gets wet if it rains.
We can also replace the word if with when in the zero conditional. Sometimes, because we are talking about things that are always true, when sounds more natural. The clauses can come in either order.
When it rains, the ground gets wet.
The ground gets wet when it rains.
The zero conditional for facts
We use the zero conditional to talk about proven facts.
If you heat water to 100°C, it boils.
When the sun sets, it gets dark.
Metal expands if you heat it.
The zero conditional for things that are always or usually true
Similarly to facts, we also use the zero conditional to talk about things that always or usually happen, or are usually true.
If it’s sunny, I eat lunch in the park.
When Christine finishes work early, she usually goes to the gym.
I never drink alcohol if I have to work the next day.
The present continuous in the zero conditional
So far, we’ve only seen the present simple used in the zero conditional. It is also possible to use the present continuous. We use the present continuous in the condition clause:
If + present continuous, present simple
If the dog’s eating, we don’t touch him.
When I’m driving, I don’t use my phone.
The baby wakes up if we are making a lot of noise.
Imperatives with the zero conditional
We often use the zero conditional to tell people what to do, or to give instructions. To do this, we use the structure: If / When + present tense, imperative
An imperative is the base form of the verb used without a subject.
When the water is boiling, add the pasta.
If you want to go, buy a ticket.
Meet me here if we get separated.
Modal verbs in the zero conditional
We can use modal verbs in the zero conditional. We usually use them in the result clause. Remember, modal verbs must always be followed by another verb.
If you are lactose intolerant, you can’t drink milk.
When you arrive, you must sign in.
If you have a coat, you have to leave it in the cloakroom.
You shouldn’t smoke if you want to be healthy.
Unless in the zero conditional
We can use unless instead of if or when in the conditional clause. Unless means if not .
I always eat lunch outside unless it rains. (I always eat lunch outside if it doesn’t rain)
Unless you pass your test, you can’t drive a car. (If you don’t pass your test, you can’t drive a car)
The zero conditional in the past
Up until now, we’ve only talked about using present tenses with the zero conditional. However, we can also use the zero conditional to talk about the past. In a similar way to the present tense, we use the zero conditional to talk about things that were facts or were habits in the past. The structure is: If / When + past simple, past simple
When I went on holiday as a child, we always went to the seaside.
If it rained, I took the bus to school.
I got pocket money if I helped with the housework.
Have you used the zero conditional in English before?
Laura Jones
Laura is a freelance writer and was an ESL teacher for eight years. She was born in the UK and has lived in Australia and Poland, where she writes blogs for Lingoda about everything from grammar to dating English speakers. She’s definitely better at the first one. She loves travelling and that’s the other major topic that she writes on. Laura likes pilates and cycling, but when she’s feeling lazy she can be found curled up watching Netflix. She’s currently learning Polish, and her battle with that mystifying language has given her huge empathy for anyone struggling to learn English. Find out more about her work in her portfolio .
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Conditionals And Reported Speech
Learn to report conditional sentences, preserving "if" and adapting tenses, a crucial skill taught at California's College of English Language, where expert instructors elevate your English proficiency.
Have you started learning conditionals ? You probably fear you’ll make a lot of mistakes with all those complicated rules, right? And to make things even more complicated, there’s the reported speech. How can you report conditional sentences?
There are numerous English language schools and programs in California that can help you with all the doubts you may have. But to truly master the conditionals and other aspects of the English language, you should rely on as many reliable resources as possible. So, keep reading this article as we explain how if-clauses are changed in reported speech.
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CAN WE USE "IF" IN REPORTED SPEECH?
“If” is a conjunction we use in indirect speech when we report yes/no questions.
Direct speech: Do you want to go to the cinema?
Indirect speech: He asked if I wanted to go to the cinema.
Also, if we want to report a conditional sentence, we’ll keep “if” in the reported speech too.
Direct speech: If it doesn’t rain, I’ll go for a walk.
Indirect speech: She said that if it didn’t rain, she’d go for a walk.
HOW DO YOU CHANGE THE IF-CLAUSE IN REPORTED SPEECH?
To see what tense and modal changes occur, let’s examine each type of conditional sentence separately.
ZERO CONDITIONAL IN REPORTED SPEECH
The tense shift will occur only in instances when the condition is no longer valid. Otherwise, the tenses remain the same.
Mom: If dad gets angry, he always reads a newspaper in the living room and ignores everybody else.
Mom said that if dad gets angry, he always reads a newspaper in the living room and ignores everybody else. (Dad still does this.)
Mom said that if dad got angry, he always read a newspaper in the living room and ignored everybody else. (Dad doesn’t do this anymore. Mom just described his past habit.)
FIRST CONDITIONAL IN REPORTED SPEECH
If we need to report a first conditional sentence, the following changes might take place.
Luke: If we hurry up, we’ll catch the bus .
Luke said that if we hurry up, we’ll catch the bus. (This information is still relevant. Luke and his interlocutor still have time to catch the bus.)
Luke said that if we hurried up, we’d catch the bus. (These reported words aren’t relevant anymore. The bus has already left. Note the tense and modal shift: the present simple becomes the past simple , and will becomes would .)
SECOND CONDITIONAL IN REPORTED SPEECH
The above tense and modal shifting rules apply to the second conditional too. If the condition is still relevant, no changes occur. However, if it’s outdated, the past simple becomes the past perfect , and would becomes would + have + past participle.
Sofia: If I had more money, I would buy a new car.
Sofia said that if she had more money, she would buy a new car. (Sofia still doesn’t have money, and consequently, she can’t buy a new car.)
Sofia said that if she had had more money, she would have bought a new car. (The speaker remembers Sofia’s words and wishes from the past. Maybe Sofia doesn’t have any money issues now.)
THIRD CONDITIONAL IN REPORTED SPEECH
When reporting third conditionals, there is no change in the verb form:
Tania: If I had seen him, I would have told him about the accident.
Tania said that if she had seen him, she would have told him about the accident .
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Reported Speech: Rules, Examples, Exceptions
👉 Quiz 1 / Quiz 2
Advanced Grammar Course
What is reported speech?
“Reported speech” is when we talk about what somebody else said – for example:
Direct Speech: “I’ve been to London three times.”
Reported Speech: She said she’d been to London three times.
There are a lot of tricky little details to remember, but don’t worry, I’ll explain them and we’ll see lots of examples. The lesson will have three parts – we’ll start by looking at statements in reported speech, and then we’ll learn about some exceptions to the rules, and finally we’ll cover reported questions, requests, and commands.
So much of English grammar – like this topic, reported speech – can be confusing, hard to understand, and even harder to use correctly. I can help you learn grammar easily and use it confidently inside my Advanced English Grammar Course.
In this course, I will make even the most difficult parts of English grammar clear to you – and there are lots of opportunities for you to practice!
Backshift of Verb Tenses in Reported Speech
When we use reported speech, we often change the verb tense backwards in time. This can be called “backshift.”
Here are some examples in different verb tenses:
Simple present
“I to go home.”
Simple past
She said she to go home.
Present continuous
“I a good book.”
Past continuous
She said she a good book.
Simple past
“I pasta for dinner last night.”
Past perfect
She said she pasta for dinner the night before.
Present perfect
“I just cleaning my room.”
“My mother never to Japan.”
Past perfect
She said she just cleaning her room.
She said her mother never to Japan.
Can/can’t
“I meet with you next Monday.”
“Sorry, I talk now; I’m at work.”
Could/couldn’t
She said she meet with me next Monday.
She said she talk at the moment because she was at work.
Will/won’t
“I pick him up from the airport.”
“I tell anyone your secret.”
Would/wouldn’t
She said she pick him up from the airport.
She said she tell anyone my secret.
Should
“You apologize.”
Should
She said I apologize.
Reported Speech (Part 1) Quiz
Exceptions to Backshift in Reported Speech
Now that you know some of the reported speech rules about backshift, let’s learn some exceptions.
There are two situations in which we do NOT need to change the verb tense.
No backshift needed when the situation is still true
For example, if someone says “I have three children” (direct speech) then we would say “He said he has three children” because the situation continues to be true.
If I tell you “I live in the United States” (direct speech) then you could tell someone else “She said she lives in the United States” (that’s reported speech) because it is still true.
When the situation is still true, then we don’t need to backshift the verb.
But when the situation is NOT still true, then we DO need to backshift the verb.
Imagine your friend says, “I have a headache.”
If you immediately go and talk to another friend, you could say, “She said she has a headache,” because the situation is still true
If you’re talking about that conversation a month after it happened, then you would say, “She said she had a headache,” because it’s no longer true.
No backshift needed when the situation is still in the future
We also don’t need to backshift to the verb when somebody said something about the future, and the event is still in the future.
Here’s an example:
On Monday, my friend said, “I ‘ll call you on Friday .”
“She said she ‘ll call me on Friday”, because Friday is still in the future from now.
It is also possible to say, “She said she ‘d (she would) call me on Friday.”
Both of them are correct, so the backshift in this case is optional.
Let’s look at a different situation:
On Monday, my friend said, “I ‘ll call you on Tuesday .”
“She said she ‘d call me on Tuesday.” I must backshift because the event is NOT still in the future.
Review: Reported Speech, Backshift, & Exceptions
Quick review:
Normally in reported speech we backshift the verb, we put it in a verb tense that’s a little bit further in the past.
when the situation is still true
when the situation is still in the future
Reported Requests, Orders, and Questions
Those were the rules for reported statements, just regular sentences.
What about reported speech for questions, requests, and orders?
For reported requests, we use “asked (someone) to do something”:
“Please make a copy of this report.” (direct speech)
She asked me to make a copy of the report. (reported speech)
For reported orders, we use “told (someone) to do something:”
“Go to the bank.” (direct speech)
“He told me to go to the bank.” (reported speech)
The main verb stays in the infinitive with “to”:
She asked me to make a copy of the report. She asked me make a copy of the report.
He told me to go to the bank. He told me go to the bank.
For yes/no questions, we use “asked if” and “wanted to know if” in reported speech.
“Are you coming to the party?” (direct)
He asked if I was coming to the party. (reported)
“Did you turn off the TV?” (direct)
She wanted to know if I had turned off the TV.” (reported)
The main verb changes and back shifts according to the rules and exceptions we learned earlier.
Notice that we don’t use do/does/did in the reported question:
She wanted to know did I turn off the TV.
She wanted to know if I had turned off the TV.
For other questions that are not yes/no questions, we use asked/wanted to know (without “if”):
“When was the company founded?” (direct)
She asked when the company was founded.” (reported)
“What kind of car do you drive?” (direct)
He wanted to know what kind of car I drive. (reported)
Again, notice that we don’t use do/does/did in reported questions:
“Where does he work?”
She wanted to know where does he work.
She wanted to know where he works.
Also, in questions with the verb “to be,” the word order changes in the reported question:
“Where were you born?” ([to be] + subject)
He asked where I was born. (subject + [to be])
He asked where was I born.
Reported Speech (Part 2) Quiz
Learn more about reported speech:
Reported speech: Perfect English Grammar
Reported speech: BJYU’s
If you want to take your English grammar to the next level, then my Advanced English Grammar Course is for you! It will help you master the details of the English language, with clear explanations of essential grammar topics, and lots of practice. I hope to see you inside!
I’ve got one last little exercise for you, and that is to write sentences using reported speech. Think about a conversation you’ve had in the past, and write about it – let’s see you put this into practice right away.
Master the details of English grammar:
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| |
If/when you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils.
If/when you don't heat water to 100 degrees, it doesn't boil.
What happens if/when you heat water to 100 degrees?
Why?
fat.
100°C.
We use the present simple in both clauses and it means that the condition can be true at any time (it is a fact). means the same as in a zero conditional sentence.
| |
The Zero Conditional | Conditionals and Reported Speech
The zero conditional is used to talk about situations that are generally or always true, such as scientific facts. This video is specifically aimed at teaching the zero conditional in an EFL setting.
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Reported Speech using Asked, If, and Whether
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Help your students report questions that have been asked by using reported speech and if or whether. Students practice rewriting quoted (direct) speech into reported (indirect) speech. Open and closed questions are also reviewed.
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Reported Speech ESL Games, Activities and Worksheets
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Intermediate ( B1 )
Upper-intermediate ( B2 )
But he told me...
Esl reported speech activity - grammar and speaking: asking and answering questions, forming sentences, true or false, guessing - group work - pre-intermediate (a2) - 40 minutes.
Double Trouble
Esl direct and indirect speech game - grammar and speaking: pelmanism, reforming sentences, controlled practice - group work - pre-intermediate (a2) - 20 minutes.
ESL Reported Speech Game - Grammar and Speaking: Reading and Responding to Statements, Forming Sentences, Controlled Practice - Pre-intermediate (A2) - 35 minutes
You said...
Esl reported speech game - grammar and speaking: miming, guessing, forming sentences - group and pair work - pre-intermediate (a2) - 25 minutes.
Report This
Esl reported speech activity - grammar and speaking: asking and answering questions, forming sentences - pair work - intermediate (b1) - 25 minutes.
Esl reported speech activities - speaking activity: asking and answering questions - grammar game: forming sentences, guessing - group work - intermediate (b1) - 40 minutes.
Telephone Messages
Esl reported speech game - grammar and speaking: asking and answering questions from prompts, freer practice - group work - intermediate (b1) - 25 minutes.
Trip Around the World
Esl reported speech activity - grammar, speaking and writing: writing questions and answers, role-play, interview, writing a short article - group and pair work - intermediate (b1) - 45 minutes.
What did they say?
Esl reported speech game - grammar and speaking: asking and answering questions from prompts, writing sentences, controlled and freer practice - group work - intermediate (b1) - 45 minutes.
What did you ask me?
Esl reported speech activity - grammar, speaking and writing: asking and answering questions, writing sentences - pair work - intermediate (b1) - 40 minutes.
I asked you not to...
Esl reported speech game - grammar: forming sentences from prompts - group work - upper-intermediate (b2) - 45 minutes.
Esl reported speech game - grammar: sentence completion, guessing - group and pair work - upper-intermediate (b2) - 25 minutes.
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Reported speech of "conditional sentences"
what should be the reported speech of the following sentence?
John said, "Paul would help us if we needed a volunteer."
Should I report it this way?
John said that Paul would help us if we needed a volunteer.
John said that Paul would have helped us if we had needed a volunteer.
This site says "We can use a perfect form with have + -ed form after modal verbs, especially where the report looks back to a hypothetical event in the past."
The site also says modal verbs like would, should and might remain unchanged. Then which of my above answers is correct?
If you could still benefit from the help, if you still need a volunteer, don't cast it in the perfect. The perfect implies that the need is a thing of the past. – TimR Commented May 11, 2018 at 10:48
2 Answers 2
John said that Paul would help us ...
is fine. Also fine is a slight reduction of that:
John said Paul would help us ...
If you feel the need to stringently disambiguate your meaning, you could say
John said Paul would have helped us if we had needed a volunteer.
but this feels over-particular and may cloud the issue instead of clarifying it, since inevitably some users will struggle to connect the dots with your perfect tensification.
It's actually kind of reported speech of reported speech , isn't it? As you know, we usually backshift verbs when indirectly reporting speech, but you should only backshift once.
Your example is a little odd because it's not clear when Paul's help is needed. Logic says it's in the future, and so John is saying that Paul offered to help -- but in that case it seems more idiomatic to use need . The backshift to needed is what makes it sound like a direct quote of an indirect quote. Normal conversation isn't that complicated:
John said Paul would help us if we need a volunteer.
Still, needed is fine, and would likely pass without notice.
John said Paul would help us if we needed a volunteer.
Although your reference says otherwise, there is no reason to shift from the simple past to a perfect tense. The perfect tense is normally used to establish a relationship between two events in time. Your example is just a simple statement. Changing it to the perfect only makes it more confusing.
However, the perfect tense does work if the help was needed in the past, and John is only now telling me that Paul offered help at the time .
John said that Paul would have helped us if we had needed the help. Gee, thanks John, for not saying something sooner.
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Some exercises to practice some of the most important grammar content in English.
-In the REPORTED SPEECH EXERCISE, when you need to write a person after TOLD, write ME! (Person TOLD ME) and after SAID, don't write THAT!
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Past time. Jenny: If I got home late, my mom scolded me. Jenny recalled that if she got home late, her mother used to scold / would scold her. Note that past tenses in the if -clause do not normally change. Conditionals and unreal tenses in indirect speech .
Conditionals and unreal tenses in indirect speech
When we report conditionals and statements that refer to unreal situations, some tenses and modals may change if the reported words are no longer true or are out-of-date. Zero conditional in indirect speech. First conditional in indirect speech. Second conditional in indirect speech. Third conditional in indirect speech.
Explained: Zero Conditional in English
We don't use the zero conditional to imagine things, and we don't use it to talk about one specific instance. How to use indirect speech in English. The structure of the zero conditional. The zero conditional is made of two clauses: the conditional clause and the main or result clause. The structure of a sentence in the zero conditional is:
The Zero Conditional
The zero conditional is used to talk about situations that are generally or always true, such as scientific facts. This video is specifically aimed at teachi...
Conditionals And Reported Speech
ZERO CONDITIONAL IN REPORTED SPEECH. The tense shift will occur only in instances when the condition is no longer valid. Otherwise, the tenses remain the same. Mom: If dad gets angry, he always reads a newspaper in the living room and ignores everybody else.
Reported Speech: Rules, Examples, Exceptions
When we use reported speech, we often change the verb tense backwards in time. This can be called "backshift.". Here are some examples in different verb tenses: "I want to go home.". She said she wanted to go home. "I 'm reading a good book.". She said she was reading a good book. "I ate pasta for dinner last night.".
Reported Speech
Watch my reported speech video: Here's how it works: We use a 'reporting verb' like 'say' or 'tell'. ( Click here for more about using 'say' and 'tell' .) If this verb is in the present tense, it's easy. We just put 'she says' and then the sentence: Direct speech: I like ice cream. Reported speech: She says (that) she likes ice cream.
Conditionals >> Zero conditional sentences
Water boils when it will reach 100°C. If/when people eat too much, they get fat. Water boils when it reaches 100°C. We use the present simple in both clauses and it means that the condition can be true at any time (it is a fact). If means the same as when in a zero conditional sentence.
The Zero Conditional
The zero conditional is used to talk about situations that are generally or always true, such as scientific facts. This video is specifically aimed at teaching the zero conditional in an EFL setting. Post navigation. Previous Post is ‹ Reported Speech Overview | Conditionals and Reported Speech. Next Post is Teacher's Pet ...
Zero Conditional Teaching Idea
The zero conditional is the most basic form of the conditionals in the English language. This is a teaching idea for the zero conditional that can also be ad...
All about the Zero Conditional
Students review the zero conditional and learn how to make statements about the real world and general truths, such as scientific facts. Students are introduced to vocabulary used to talk about plants. ... Students practice reporting what others have said by changing quoted (direct) speech forms into reported (indirect) speech forms. Students ...
The Zero Conditional
We can make a zero conditional sentence with two present simple verbs (one in the 'if clause' and one in the 'main clause'): If + present simple, .... present simple. This conditional is used when the result will always happen. So, if water reaches 100 degrees, it always boils. It's a fact. I'm talking in general, not about one particular ...
Grammar Explanations
Indirect Questions; Conditionals. Zero Conditional; First Conditional; Second Conditional; Third Conditional; Phrasal Verbs. Phrasal Verbs 1 Explanation; Phrasal Verbs 2 Explanation; A and The. How to use 'a little', 'little', 'few' and 'a few'. How to use 'a' and 'the' with bed / home / work / town. How to use 'the' and 'no article' with ...
Unit 16
zero, first, second, third, mixed. zero conditional. If/when + present tense, present tense. actions/facts that are not changeable (if/when can be used without change in meaning) When you boil water, you get steam. Water turns to ice if you freeze it. first conditional. if + present simple, will (may, might, can, should, must) real situation in ...
Unit 16
Unit 16 - Conditionals and reported speech. conditionals. Click the card to flip 👆. -sentence with "if" or "when" which refer to past, present and future possibilities. -2 clauses : if clause, main clause (either can be first in sentence). Condition - Consequene. -If I had the money, I would buy a new car.
Reported Speech using Asked, If, and Whether
These handouts are the same level as "Reported Speech using Asked, If, and Whether". Help your students report questions that have been asked by using reported speech and if or whether. Students practice rewriting quoted (direct) speech into reported (indirect) speech. Open and closed questions are also reviewed.
Reported Speech ESL Games Activities Worksheets
ESL Reported Speech Activity - Grammar and Speaking: Asking and Answering Questions, Forming Sentences, True or False, Guessing - Group Work - Pre-intermediate (A2) - 40 minutes. In this entertaining reported speech speaking activity, students interview each other giving true or false answers and then use reported speech to compare what the ...
grammar
1. Saying. John said that Paul would help us ... is fine. Also fine is a slight reduction of that: John said Paul would help us ... If you feel the need to stringently disambiguate your meaning, you could say. John said Paul would have helped us if we had needed a volunteer. but this feels over-particular and may cloud the issue instead of ...
-In the REPORTED SPEECH EXERCISE, when you need to write a person after TOLD, write ME! (Person TOLD ME) and after SAID, don't write THAT! Other contents: Zero conditional, First conditional, Second conditional, Third conditional, I wish/ If only, Defining relative clauses, Non-defining relative clauses, Reported statements, Reported questions ...
Reported speech and 0 conditional by CARLOS GARCIA GARCIA
Reported speech and zero conditional By: Mr.Garcia what is reported speech? The reported speech can be Assertive/Declarative, Imperative, Interrogative, and Exclamatory. Reported verb is the tense in which the sentence is spoken. Reported speech Es practicamente pasar un chisme!
Understanding Conditionals: Zero, First, Second, Third, and
Unit 16: Conditionals & Reported Speech 1 Which of the following forms can be used to represent the ZERO conditional? 1 -If + present tense, will Incorrect. See page 1. 2 -If/when + present tense, present tense Correct. 3 -If + past simple, would + verb Incorrect. See page 1. 4 -If + past perfect, would + have + past participle Incorrect. See ...
Third of patients needing A&E chose to treat own injuries
A third of patients needing A&E chose to treat their own injuries rather than having to face the wait in hospital, a survey has found. More than 30 per cent of people who were advised to go to A&E ...
COMMENTS
Past time. Jenny: If I got home late, my mom scolded me. Jenny recalled that if she got home late, her mother used to scold / would scold her. Note that past tenses in the if -clause do not normally change. Conditionals and unreal tenses in indirect speech .
When we report conditionals and statements that refer to unreal situations, some tenses and modals may change if the reported words are no longer true or are out-of-date. Zero conditional in indirect speech. First conditional in indirect speech. Second conditional in indirect speech. Third conditional in indirect speech.
We don't use the zero conditional to imagine things, and we don't use it to talk about one specific instance. How to use indirect speech in English. The structure of the zero conditional. The zero conditional is made of two clauses: the conditional clause and the main or result clause. The structure of a sentence in the zero conditional is:
The zero conditional is used to talk about situations that are generally or always true, such as scientific facts. This video is specifically aimed at teachi...
ZERO CONDITIONAL IN REPORTED SPEECH. The tense shift will occur only in instances when the condition is no longer valid. Otherwise, the tenses remain the same. Mom: If dad gets angry, he always reads a newspaper in the living room and ignores everybody else.
When we use reported speech, we often change the verb tense backwards in time. This can be called "backshift.". Here are some examples in different verb tenses: "I want to go home.". She said she wanted to go home. "I 'm reading a good book.". She said she was reading a good book. "I ate pasta for dinner last night.".
Watch my reported speech video: Here's how it works: We use a 'reporting verb' like 'say' or 'tell'. ( Click here for more about using 'say' and 'tell' .) If this verb is in the present tense, it's easy. We just put 'she says' and then the sentence: Direct speech: I like ice cream. Reported speech: She says (that) she likes ice cream.
Water boils when it will reach 100°C. If/when people eat too much, they get fat. Water boils when it reaches 100°C. We use the present simple in both clauses and it means that the condition can be true at any time (it is a fact). If means the same as when in a zero conditional sentence.
The zero conditional is used to talk about situations that are generally or always true, such as scientific facts. This video is specifically aimed at teaching the zero conditional in an EFL setting. Post navigation. Previous Post is ‹ Reported Speech Overview | Conditionals and Reported Speech. Next Post is Teacher's Pet ...
The zero conditional is the most basic form of the conditionals in the English language. This is a teaching idea for the zero conditional that can also be ad...
Students review the zero conditional and learn how to make statements about the real world and general truths, such as scientific facts. Students are introduced to vocabulary used to talk about plants. ... Students practice reporting what others have said by changing quoted (direct) speech forms into reported (indirect) speech forms. Students ...
We can make a zero conditional sentence with two present simple verbs (one in the 'if clause' and one in the 'main clause'): If + present simple, .... present simple. This conditional is used when the result will always happen. So, if water reaches 100 degrees, it always boils. It's a fact. I'm talking in general, not about one particular ...
Indirect Questions; Conditionals. Zero Conditional; First Conditional; Second Conditional; Third Conditional; Phrasal Verbs. Phrasal Verbs 1 Explanation; Phrasal Verbs 2 Explanation; A and The. How to use 'a little', 'little', 'few' and 'a few'. How to use 'a' and 'the' with bed / home / work / town. How to use 'the' and 'no article' with ...
zero, first, second, third, mixed. zero conditional. If/when + present tense, present tense. actions/facts that are not changeable (if/when can be used without change in meaning) When you boil water, you get steam. Water turns to ice if you freeze it. first conditional. if + present simple, will (may, might, can, should, must) real situation in ...
Unit 16 - Conditionals and reported speech. conditionals. Click the card to flip 👆. -sentence with "if" or "when" which refer to past, present and future possibilities. -2 clauses : if clause, main clause (either can be first in sentence). Condition - Consequene. -If I had the money, I would buy a new car.
These handouts are the same level as "Reported Speech using Asked, If, and Whether". Help your students report questions that have been asked by using reported speech and if or whether. Students practice rewriting quoted (direct) speech into reported (indirect) speech. Open and closed questions are also reviewed.
ESL Reported Speech Activity - Grammar and Speaking: Asking and Answering Questions, Forming Sentences, True or False, Guessing - Group Work - Pre-intermediate (A2) - 40 minutes. In this entertaining reported speech speaking activity, students interview each other giving true or false answers and then use reported speech to compare what the ...
1. Saying. John said that Paul would help us ... is fine. Also fine is a slight reduction of that: John said Paul would help us ... If you feel the need to stringently disambiguate your meaning, you could say. John said Paul would have helped us if we had needed a volunteer. but this feels over-particular and may cloud the issue instead of ...
-In the REPORTED SPEECH EXERCISE, when you need to write a person after TOLD, write ME! (Person TOLD ME) and after SAID, don't write THAT! Other contents: Zero conditional, First conditional, Second conditional, Third conditional, I wish/ If only, Defining relative clauses, Non-defining relative clauses, Reported statements, Reported questions ...
Reported speech and zero conditional By: Mr.Garcia what is reported speech? The reported speech can be Assertive/Declarative, Imperative, Interrogative, and Exclamatory. Reported verb is the tense in which the sentence is spoken. Reported speech Es practicamente pasar un chisme!
Unit 16: Conditionals & Reported Speech 1 Which of the following forms can be used to represent the ZERO conditional? 1 -If + present tense, will Incorrect. See page 1. 2 -If/when + present tense, present tense Correct. 3 -If + past simple, would + verb Incorrect. See page 1. 4 -If + past perfect, would + have + past participle Incorrect. See ...
A third of patients needing A&E chose to treat their own injuries rather than having to face the wait in hospital, a survey has found. More than 30 per cent of people who were advised to go to A&E ...