advantages and disadvantages of computer essay in english

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Advantages and Disadvantages of Computers: Exploring the Pros and Cons

Computers have become an indispensable part of our daily lives, revolutionizing the way we work, communicate, and access information. While they offer numerous advantages, it is essential to understand the potential drawbacks as well. In this article, we will delve into the 10 key advantages and 10 disadvantages of using computers, providing examples and detailed explanations for each.

Advantages of Computers:

1. increased efficiency.

Example: In business, accounting software expedites financial calculations, reducing manual errors and saving valuable time.

2. Access to Information

Example: With the internet, students can access educational resources from around the world, expanding their knowledge beyond what traditional textbooks offer.

3. Communication and Connectivity

Computers facilitate seamless communication through emails, video conferences, and social media platforms, connecting people globally in real-time.

Example: Remote workers can collaborate effectively, eliminating geographical barriers and improving efficiency.

4. Improved Creativity

Computers provide powerful tools for creative expression, such as graphic design software, video editing applications, and music production software.

Example: Artists and designers can bring their ideas to life, experimenting with various digital techniques and enhancing their artistic endeavors.

5. Enhanced Learning Opportunities

Educational software, e-learning platforms, and interactive multimedia programs offer engaging and personalized learning experiences.

Example: Virtual reality simulations allow medical students to practice surgical procedures in a safe environment, accelerating their learning curve.

6. Automation and Robotics

Using computers for this purpose has its advantages and disadvantages. Computers play a crucial role in automation and robotics , revolutionizing industries and increasing precision and efficiency in manufacturing processes.

Example: Robotic assembly lines in car manufacturing reduce errors and increase production speed, resulting in cost savings and improved quality.

7. Storage and Organization

Example: Cloud storage services ensure data backup and synchronization across multiple devices, providing convenient access to files from anywhere.

8. Financial Management

Personal finance software and online banking tools simplify budgeting, expense tracking, and investment management.

9. Entertainment and Recreation

Computers offer a wide range of entertainment options, including gaming, streaming movies and TV shows, and accessing virtual reality experiences.

Example: Gaming enthusiasts can immerse themselves in realistic virtual worlds, challenging their skills and connecting with other players globally.

10. Globalization and E-commerce

Disadvantages of computers:, 1. health risks.

Prolonged computer use can lead to various health issues such as eye strain, musculoskeletal disorders, and sedentary lifestyle-related problems. Therefore, proper healthy computing habits must be practiced whenever working with computers.

2. Cybersecurity Threats

Computers are vulnerable to malware, viruses, and cyber-attacks, putting personal information and sensitive data at risk.

Example: Ransomware attacks can encrypt valuable data, demanding payment for its release, causing significant financial and reputational damage.

3. Dependency and Addiction

4. privacy concerns.

Computers store vast amounts of personal data, raising concerns about privacy breaches and unauthorized access to sensitive information. Do take serious precautions to prevent identity theft .

5. Technological Obsolescence

Example: Older computers may not support the latest operating systems or software, limiting functionality and compatibility.

6. Social Isolation

Example: Spending hours on social media platforms can create a false sense of connection while reducing face-to-face interactions.

7. Environmental Impact

The production and disposal of computers contribute to electronic waste and environmental pollution.

8. Distraction and Procrastination

Example: Students may struggle to concentrate on their studies when tempted by online entertainment options.

9. Job Displacement

10. lack of human interaction.

Over-reliance on computers for communication can lead to a decline in face-to-face interactions and interpersonal skills.

Example: Virtual meetings and online interactions may lack the nuances of nonverbal communication and human connection.

Computers offer numerous advantages, enhancing productivity, connectivity, and creativity. However, they also come with potential disadvantages, including health risks, privacy concerns, and social drawbacks. Understanding both the advantages and disadvantages of computers helps us harness their potential while mitigating the associated challenges, ensuring a balanced and responsible use of this transformative technology.

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• Essay on Computer

Long and Short Computer Essay

The term computer was once used to refer to a person who did computation, unlike today. The development of early prototypes that led to the modern computer is credited to many individuals throughout history. A series of breakthroughs, beginning with transistor computers and then integrated circuit computers, resulted in the development of transistor technology and the integrated circuit chip, causing digital computers to largely replace analogue computers. 

In this essay, we will discuss the various components and types of computers and talk about their uses in various fields.

Long Computer Essay in English

A computer is an electronic tool that manipulates data or information. It can store, retrieve, and process information. We can type documents, send emails, play games, and browse the Web using a computer. It can also be used to edit spreadsheets, presentations, and even videos, or create them. 

Early computers were conceived only as devices for calculating. Simple manual devices such as the abacus have helped individuals do calculations since ancient times. Some mechanical devices were built early in the Industrial Revolution to automate long, tedious tasks, such as guiding patterns for looms. In the early 20th century, more sophisticated electrical machines performed specialized analogue calculations. 

Common Components of Computers

All those parts of a computer that are tangible physical objects are covered under the term hardware. The hardware includes circuits, computer chips, graphics cards, sound cards, memory (RAM), motherboards, displays, power supplies, cables, keyboards, printers and "mice" input devices.

 There are five main hardware components: 

Input Devices: 

These are devices that are used to enter data/information in the central processing unit. Example- keyboard, mouse, scanner, document reader, barcode reader, optical character reader, magnetic reader etc.

Output Devices: 

These are devices that provide the processed data/information into human-readable form. Example- monitor, printer, speaker, projector etc.

Control Unit: 

The control unit handles the various components of the computer; it reads and interprets (decodes) the instructions for the program, transforming them into control signals that activate other computer parts.

Arithmetic Logic Unit: 

It is capable of performing arithmetical and logical functions. The set of arithmetic operations supported by a specific ALU may be restricted to addition and subtraction or may include functions of multiplication, division, trigonometries such as sine, cosine, etc., and square roots.

Central Processing Unit: 

The ALU, control unit and registers and together called the CPU. It is sometimes called the computer's brain, and its job is to perform commands. We send instructions to the CPU whenever we press a key, click the mouse, or start an application.

Software refers to computer parts, such as programs, data, protocols, etc., that do not have a material form. In contrast to the physical hardware from which the system is built, the software is that portion of a computer system consisting of encoded information or computer instructions.

It is sometimes called "firmware" when the software is stored in hardware that can not be easily modified, such as with a BIOS ROM on an IBM PC compatible computer.

Computer hardware and software require each other, and neither of them can be realistically used on their own. There are four main components of a general-purpose computer: the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), the control unit, the memory, and the I/O (collectively called input and output) devices.

Uses of Computer

Computers are used in various fields, such as homes, businesses, government offices, research organizations, educational institutions, medicine, entertainment, etc. because of their features and powerful functions. They have taken sectors and companies to a whole new level.

Science- 

Computers are best suited for the collection, analysis, categorization, and storage of data in science, research and engineering. They also help scientists to exchange data both internally and internationally with each other.

Government-  

Computers in the government sector are used to perform various functions and improve their services. In most cases, data processing tasks, the maintenance of citizens' databases, and the promotion of a paperless environment are the primary purposes of using computers. In addition to this, computers play a key role in the country's defence system.

Health and Medicine- 

They are used to preserve information, records, live patient monitoring, X-rays, and more from patients. Computers assist in setting up laboratory tools, monitoring heart rate and blood pressure, etc. Besides, computers allow physicians to easily exchange patient data with other medical specialists.

Education- 

They help people get different educational materials (such as images, videos, e-books, etc.) in one place. Also, computers are best suited for online classes, online tutoring, online exams, and task and project creation. Also, they can be used to maintain and track student performance and other data.

Banking- 

Most countries use online banking systems so that customers can access their data directly. People can verify the balance of their account, transfer cash, and pay online bills, including credit cards. Besides, banks use computers to execute transactions and store client information, transaction records, etc.

Short Computer Essay in English

A computer's a programmable device that accepts raw data(input) and processes it as output with a group of instructions (a program) to supply the result. It renders output after performing mathematical and logical operations and can save the output for future use. The word "computer" derives from the word "computare" in Latin, which means calculating.

Types of Computer

Computers are of different types based on different criteria. Based on their size, computers are of five types:

Micro Computers- 

It is a single-user computer that has less capacity for speed and storage than the other types. For a CPU, it uses a microprocessor. Laptops, desktop computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), tablets, and smartphones are common examples of microcomputers. Microcomputers are generally designed and built for general use, such as browsing, information search, the internet, MS Office, social media, etc.

Mini Computers- 

Minicomputers are also referred to as "Midrange Computers." They are multi-user computers designed to simultaneously support multiple users. Therefore, they are generally used by small companies and firms. 

Mainframe Computers- 

It is also a multi-user computer that large companies and government organizations use to run their business operations as large amounts of data can be stored and processed. Banks, universities, and insurance companies, for example, use mainframe computers to store data from their customers, students, and policyholders.

Super Computer- 

Among all types of computers, supercomputers are the fastest and most costly computers. They have an enormous capacity for storage and computing speeds and can therefore perform millions of instructions per second.

Workstations-  

It is a single-user computer with a comparatively more powerful microprocessor and a high-quality monitor compared to a mini-computer.

Benefits of Computers:

It increases productivity.

It helps in connecting to the internet.

It helps in organizing data and information.

It allows storing large amounts of data.

Fun Facts About Computers

The first electric computer that was invented weighed around 27 tons or even more than that and took up to 1800 square feet.

There are about 5000 new viruses that are released every month.

The original name of Windows was Interface Manager.

It is surely known that the life of humans would not have been so easy if computers were not a part of human life. This is also supported by a lot of pieces of evidence where we can even see in daily life how the computer is not just present in an organization but is also available right in the pockets of everyone. Thus, the computer has surely made it easy while also spoiling a lot of people's lives. 

FAQs on Essay on Computer

1. What are the disadvantages of computers?

While the computer has surely made life easier, it also has a lot of disadvantages. The disadvantages of the computers can be provided as follows:

People spend too much time sitting and doing nothing but watching the content on computers.

People staring at computers for a long time also tend to strain their eyes, and as a result, they need spectacles to understand what is being written in front of them.

Attention span is decreasing with an increase in the use of computers. 

With computers being AI-powered, it is now easier for people to do all the tasks on a computer and not work on it themselves. This has made a lot of people lazy.

2. What is the process of working on a computer?

A computer is an electronic machine and it needs information to be added in as raw data to function well. It has a flow that determines the accessing of data. The following steps take place before the results are obtained:

Information is taken in by the computer in the form of raw data. This process is also called the input.

Then the information that is not needed will be stored while the information that is needed is passed onto the next step. The storing of data is called memory.

Then the information that is required is crushed or it is split and this process is called processing.

The last step is where the results are obtained. This process is called getting the output.

English Compositions

Short Essay on Advantages and Disadvantages of Computer [100, 200, 400 Words] With PDF

In this lesson, you will learn how you can write essays on the advantages and disadvantages of computers . Here, I will write three sets of essays on this topic but coving different word limits.

Table of Contents

Short essay on advantages and disadvantages of computer in 100 words, short essay on advantages and disadvantages of computer in 200 words, short essay on advantages and disadvantages of computer in 400 words.

There was a time when we had to do calculations and solve problems manually. Nowadays, a computer can do the same in a fraction of a second. Computers have now become a necessity in our lives. From learning about new things to making new friends, from students doing their school projects to multinational companies storing their employee data, these days everything is done on computers. Using computers has made work easier and faster.

However, computers do have some disadvantages. As computers are doing all the work, the need for human employees has reduced which has added to the problem of unemployment. Online hacking, fraud and cyber crimes have also increased. But if we take a few measures to keep ourselves safe, computers are indeed great! 

Today, as the world is modernising, computers have become a necessity in our lives. Computers can process instructions and solve problems in just a fraction of a second. They can store a huge amount of data and thus, help banks, hospitals, government organisations as well as other companies to store all their data digitally which makes work a lot easier.

Computers also allow us to access the internet and connect with the world. Because of computers, we can now watch movies at home, order groceries, book cabs, buses, trains and flights, and send and receive money online. We can learn new things, make new friends and talk to different people using the internet. 

However, computers do have some disadvantages. Because computers are so fast and versatile, the need for human employees has reduced which has led to the loss of jobs and added to the problem of unemployment. Online hacking, fraud and stealing of personal information have also become common as so much of our information is stored online.

A lot of people have also gotten addicted to playing games or binge-watching movies and shows on their computers. This is harmful to their health and can lead to physical issues in the long run. That’s why we must use computers in a way that is good for us and doesn’t cause us any harm. 

Today, computers have become an important part of our lives. This machine has made many complicated tasks a lot easier and faster for people and organisations like banks, hospitals, post offices, government organisations as well as small and large companies.

Computers allow us to access the internet and connect with the world. Because of computers, we can now watch movies and dramas from all over the world while sitting at home. We can order groceries, and book cabs, buses, trains and flights online. We can also send and receive money via online banking without ever having to set foot in a bank. 

Computers have also helped people learn new things which wouldn’t have been possible in an era when computers didn’t exist. One no longer needs to go to the library and search for books. Now, one can simply borrow a book from any online library as well as buy online copies of those books at a much cheaper price.

This has reduced the need for physical books and copies which in turn has reduced the need for paper production. Computers have also helped us connect with people from different parts of the world and make friends with them. It has helped us learn about different countries, cultures, and people and has helped us become more understanding and welcoming. 

Computers have a lot of advantages but they do come with a few disadvantages as well. Because computers are so fast and versatile, the need for human employees has reduced which has led to the loss of jobs and added to the problem of unemployment. This problem is only going to escalate in the future as more and more advancements are made in the field of computer technology.

Online hacking, fraud and stealing of personal information have also become common as so much of our information is stored online. One wrong click and we can lose a lot of our hard-earned money. What’s worse is that such hackers and scammers target old and illiterate people who are not very familiar with the technology. Many youngsters today spend a lot of their time playing computer games or binge-watching shows full of negativity online. This affects their physical and mental health in the long run. 

Nowadays, computers have become a necessity in our lives and we cannot deny that. And as is the case with everything else, computers do have their own advantages and disadvantages. We must be mindful and use computers in a way that is good for us and doesn’t cause us any harm. 

I have adopted a simplistic approach to writing essays on the topic for a better understanding of all kinds of students. If you still have any doubts regarding this context, kindly let me know through the comment section below. Keep browsing our website for more such sessions.

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Advantages And Disadvantages Of Computer For Students (Essay Sample)

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Table of Contents

Introduction

The role of computers in education is an interesting topic for an essay. Is the computer itself good or bad? How does it influence the academic life of the learner? What is its future in the academe?

The essay below reflects on the benefits and challenges of this highly-coveted electronic device. It focuses on its role in educating learners and producing quality work. Is the computer simply an efficient tool meant to make life easier?

For your own essay on your thoughts on computers in education, contact us to work with one of our expert writers on this topic.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Computer Essay

The education sector has evolved a great deal since the introduction of computers to classes. Computers, used in conjunction with the Internet and specialized training, have made a significant impact on education, especially in the area of research. While computers have exposed learners to limitless information, it has both advantages and disadvantages.

Computer Advantages

With computers, learners today can access a lot of valuable information concerning their research projects. There are some sites providing free access to academic resources for them. These sites include Khan’s Academy, Byte-Notes, Codecademy, and the most popular of them all, Wikipedia.

Research students make their research relevant and of high quality with the use of related sites, since they can compare what they are delving into with what other researchers are doing. Also, instead of doing one round of research with the same results, they can view what others have done in their research areas and focus on new ideas. This novel approach boosts research quality since the focus on real-life problems is enhanced. The output of their study increases in relevance to their target audience as a result.

Computers also help students save time. Before the introduction of computers, they had to go through large volumes of books and research journals to get the information they needed. Today, with these smart machines, they get their information with just a click.

By saving time, learners make room for other academic work, which improves their academic performance overall. This then raises the quality of education in learning institutions.

Learners become more creative with computers as opposed to just the use of books. With computers, students learn programming languages such as C++. In learning these programming languages, they create programs that are useful to companies or even the institutions where they are learning. These individuals see what others have created, hence, increasing the desire of others to likewise create.

The Challenges of Computer Technology

Despite the benefits of having computers, these intelligent machines can also be harmful to students. The use of computers without a primary purpose leads to time and energy wastage. Some of them spend a substantial amount of time playing games on computers and chatting.

Gaming consumes time and energy, leaving learners unmotivated to focus on their current requirements. Also, some of these computer activities influence how one thinks, such as those that are violence- and war-themed. These can actually affect a gamer’s mental state.

In a similar fashion, spending time chatting with friends on social media sites such as Facebook and Twitter make the user lose complete track of time. Not only that, constant exposure to blue light from a screen is damaging to the eyes.

Even worse, students accidentally or willingly gain access to inappropriate sites, such as pornographic websites. These poison their minds and may even lead to decreased morale amongst the student population. Pornography increases the likelihood of sexual objectification in both genders.

In the classroom, tech-savvy learners use computers to cheat in their homework, tests, and research papers. Since almost all the information needed by the students can be found on the Internet, people download and present pre-fabricated solutions to their assignments as their own. Downloading and submitting an answer as yours is actually a form of plagiarism. Not only is it an academic offense, plagiarizing robs a learner of the potential to excel on his or her own terms.

Computers are important to students and they must be oriented on their correct usage right off the bat. Before using these machines, learners must define the purpose of using them to avoid wasting time and energy and making inappropriate mistakes.

Network administrators should also block unwanted or inappropriate sites. Preventing people from accessing these will help them concentrate and focus on their academic work. The combination of interest and diligence, multiplied by the power and speed of computers, can increase the quality of student life and the actual performance of the user.

Regardless of sector, computers have certainly enhanced our way of life. As with all innovations, it’s not so much the machine that is good or bad; it is really our usage of it that determines its role in our lives.

Short Essay On Advantages And Disadvantages Of Computers In Education (Short Essay Sample)

Let’s face it, we can no longer imagine life without the nifty computer. Whether business people, employees, or even family members, every kind of individual or group needs this intelligent machine to go about everyday life. We process financial transactions, play games, connect to services, create documents, communicate, and yes, even waste time, on them.

But for this essay, let’s focus on the impact of computers on the education system. Gone are the days when learners would have to troop to the school or public library and learn the Dewey Decimal System by heart. With the computer and online services, you gain entry to more than just the physical resources available in your library. You also get a network of free and vast resources to complement your current research. This results not only in greater data consolidation; it also means a reduced time span for those working against a tight deadline.

There is no doubt in my mind that the computer has revolutionized the way people, young and old alike, learn today. Libraries have learned not to compete with it, and instead, wisely integrate it into their facilities.

Why Are Computer Classes Important For Students?

Computer classes are a typical prerequisite in most universities during freshman year. It is important for a learner to know how to navigate a computer system in order to maximize the many advantages it presents. Used wisely and strategically, the computer, coupled with the speed of the Internet, can be your ally for those long nights of trying to beat the deadline. Research has become that much faster (albeit sometimes overwhelming, with the amount of data out there) and all you have to do is reformat the information on your machine.

What Are The Disadvantages Of A Computer?

While there are numerous good aspects to owning a computer, like any piece of technology, it can turn into a weapon against you if you aren’t able to use it properly. Being able to connect to huge amounts of data at warp speeds can be addictive to some. There is a phenomenon called “sidebar-hopping,” where a user keeps on clicking related links because of the obsession to find more data to no end. This can cause you to lose track of present time and lose precious energy to do what you were really supposed to do online. While it helps you communicate faster with loved ones, getting overly consumed by chatting can put your important tasks on hold. It also adversely affects your health, with prolonged exposure to blue light weakening eyesight. It can be especially harmful to children whose brains are still developing.

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Advantages and Disadvantages of Computer

Pre-Requisite: Basics of Computer

The computer is a programmed device with a group of instructions to perform specific tasks and generate results at a really high speed. A Computer is a machine that can solve difficult and different problems, process data, store & retrieve data and perform calculations faster and more accurately as compared to humans. 

The literal meaning of a computer may be a device that will calculate. Its full form can be abbreviated as Commonly Operated Machine Particularly Used For Training, Education, and Research.

However, modern computers can do tons of quiet calculations. The computer can be defined as a machine that receives input stores it and then process the stored data as per the instructions given by the user of the computer and finally gives the output as required. 

Characteristics of Computer

• Speed: The computer helps in saving time. It performs several tasks and multiple calculations in a few bit of seconds that takes us hours to solve. We measure the speed of computers in terms of GigaHertz (Ghz) and MegaHertz (MHz).
• Accuracy: Works done by a computer have better accuracy than the work done by a human being. The errors occur in a computer by entering wrong data by a human being. A computer performs tasks quickly and accurately.
• Memory: A computer can store billions of data and these records are easily accessible with high accuracy. We measure computer storage in terms of Bytes, like KiloBytes (KB), Megabytes (MB), Gigabytes (GB), etc.
• Versatility: The simple meaning of Versatility is performing more than one task, and as everyone knows, Computers are capable of performing more than one task at a time, hence it is highly versatile.
• Automation: Today’s World is full of automation as we rapidly move towards Artificial Intelligence (AI) . This feature of the computer replaces thousands of workers by performing tasks automatically.

Advantages of Computer

• Multitasking: Multitasking is one of the main advantages of computers. A person can do multiple tasks, and multiple operations at the same time, and calculate numerical problems within a few seconds. The computer can perform millions or trillions of work in one second.
• Speed: Now the computer isn’t just a calculating device. Now a day’s computer has a vital role in human life. One of the most advantages of computers is their incredible speed, which helps human to finish their task in a few seconds.
• Cost/ Stores huge: Amount of knowledge it’s a coffee cost solution. A person can save huge data within a coffee budget. A centralized database for storing information is a major advantage that will reduce costs.
• Accuracy: One of the essential advantages of computers is they will perform not only calculations but also with accuracy.
• Data Security: Protecting digital data is understood as data security.
• Task completer: Completes tasks that might be impossible for humans to complete.
• Communication: The computer helps the user better understand and communicate with other devices.
• Productivity: The level of productivity gets automatically doubled as the computer can do the work very fast.
• Reduces workload: Information is often accessed by more than one person with the necessity for work to be duplicated.
• Reliability: Computers can perform the same sort of work repeatedly without throwing up errors thanks to tiredness or boredom, which are quite common among humans.
• Storage: The pc has an in-built memory where it can store an outsized amount of knowledge. You can also store data in auxiliary storage devices .

Disadvantages of computer

• Virus and hacking attacks: A virus may be a worm and hacking is just unauthorized access over a computer for a few illicit purposes. Viruses can go to another system from email attachments, viewing an infected website advertisement, through removable devices like USBs, etc.
• Online Cyber Crimes: Online cyber-crime means computers and networks may have been utilized in order to commit a crime. Cyberstalking and fraud are the points that come under online cyber crimes.
• Reduction in employed opportunity: Mainly past generation hasn’t used the pc or they need the knowledge of computers they faced an enormous problem when computers came into the field.
• High Cost: Computers are expensive. Even the foremost affordable computers are still very expensive for the typical person in South Africa. Since computers empower people.
• Distractions/disruptions: If you’ve got ever spent hours browsing the web or watching videos on YouTube, then you recognize how distracting computers can be! Because of their high entertainment value.
• Increases waste and impacts the environment: With the speed at that computer and other electronics get replaced, all of the old devices that get thrown away have a big impact on the environment.
• Health Problems: Prolonged use of computers can lead to various health Hazards. Too much sitting near the screen results in eye strain and drying up of the eyes. Also, prolonged sitting leads to neck and back problems.

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Essay on the Advantages and Disadvantages of a Computer

Did you know that…

At the very beginning of the XXI century, our humanity faced a sudden threat: the “war” between virtual and real life communication. The experts from the American Research Company came up to this conclusion after they had conducted an interview.

Statistical data of the interview conducted by the American Research Company

• 65% of Americans spend more time sitting in front of their PC than with their wives and husbands;
• 84% of them are already addicted to computers;
• 52% of PC users take their PC system failure as their personal failure;
• 19% of people have a strong desire to punch PC in order to “punish” it for “misbehavior.”

If you have to write an essay on the advantages and disadvantages of a computer, this statistics can turn much useful to you.

Do you need more help with writing the essay on the advantages and disadvantages of a computer? We are glad to present you several computer benefits and hazards.

The essay on the advantages and disadvantages of a computer:

Arguments “for” computers

Computers are good means of education.

When developing this idea in the essay on the advantages and disadvantages of a computer, say that computers help students practice writing, learning, reading, etc.

Computers help us develop

Computers help us find out and analyze any kind of information. It makes us think, thus, evolve. Develop this idea in your essay on the advantages and disadvantages of a computer.

Computers help us talk to people from all over the world

With the help of computers and the Internet, we can talk to people from different countries, and even see them. So, is it not an essential argument about computers to present in the essay on the advantages and disadvantages of a computer?

Arguments “against” computers

Computers have a harmful impact on people’s health.

The most hazardous part of any computer is its screen. Due to it, users can get 2 types of radiation: X-ray and electromagnetic radiation. Both types influence health and our eyesight in particular. Develop this idea in your essay on the advantages and disadvantages of a computer.

Computers make people addicted

Do you know that the Chinese scientists consider the Internet and computer addiction to be a serious psychological problem? They actually do, and you can include this fact into your essay on the advantages and disadvantages of a computer.

When talking about such computer addiction in your essay on the advantages and disadvantages of a computer, present the “symptoms” of this addiction.

Computers hamper people’s development in real life

We do not read printed books anymore, since we can listen to audio books or read books online. We spend less time with our beloved people, since we would rather talk to someone online. If you know what we are talking about, you will have no difficulties when developing this idea in your essay on the advantages and disadvantages of a computer.

Requirements for a good essay on the advantages and disadvantages of a computer

• Essays on the advantages and disadvantages of a computer should be informative;
• Essays on the advantages and disadvantages of a computer should be well-structured;
• Essays on the advantages and disadvantages of a computer should be properly-formatted;
• Essays on the advantages and disadvantages of a computer should be coherent;
• Essays on the advantages and disadvantages of a computer should give a full answer to the research question set.

Good luck with your essay on the advantages and disadvantages of a computer!

You can also read about school essay editing and progressive era essay writing on our blog.

I think sometime computer show good result ,if we use it in good way & sometimes it shows bad effects or result if we use it on bad ways.All the things in this world also have advantages & disadvantages.I suggest that ALWAYS use it in the right way. THANKS.

thanks a lot for the help i wrote a very beautiful essay after taking help from thepoints you gave me – arsh

I think it could have been more specific, if computers make people addicted, addicted to what, of course the computer but be a little specific as to what and what on the computer that makes you addicted and yes it is 99% the Internet indeed and the remaining 1%, games. And I really do think more points could be added. Like in the advantages, you could add, it helps us find out and analyze any kind of info., it can process data with accuracy at a very high speed and it also helps you automate various tasks that you cannot do manually, there are many tons more where this came from, and you might want to add the main points. THANKS oh and am 12 so some details I might use as in the sign in part of posting this comment might not be completely true. IDK LOL!!!! 🙂 😀

thanks dear for that useful information…. Thanks again…

not good!!!

just kidding! its good!!!

good report about computer

should b more explanative!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! many things r unclear

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Education through Innovation

Short Essay On Advantages and Disadvantages Of Computers

Pros and cons of computer.

It is better to decide a difference between enemies and friend, for one of our friend will certainly become an enemy.Here today we have listed major  advantages of computer   and disadvantages of the computers.

In the 21 st century, the century of technology most of the people have a computer as a good friend, but is it good friend or not???

Read Also : {Pros & Cons} Advantages and Disadvantages of Social Networking Sites

Read Also :   Advantages – Disadvantages of Internet  

Impact of Computer on Society

In the world of technology, computer is useful to done a work easily, smoothly, fast. Computer has made an impact on society. It has change the angle of life. The use of computer technology has affected every part of life. People are using a computer to perform a different task easier. A big advantage of computer is save times and effort and reduces the overall cost to complete a particular task.

Advantages Of Computers 

Computers are not only use for personal purpose that is mostly use in the organizations .They are use computers for records data of their customers. Bank is using computers for maintaining accounts and managing financial transactions. They are providing facilities of online banking; customer can check their account balance from using the internet. Different task are performed automatically by using computers. Its reduce the needs of people. Due to that unemployment in society increases that is the big disadvantages of computers . Getting a information very easily by using of a computer.

Disadvantages Of Computers

The use of computer puts a world at a different height. But every coin have a two side, in that way use of computer has a some advantages of the computer and also a some computers disadvantages . Financial difficulties may make it difficult for some students to access important coursework, while other students may use computers to play game or chat. Students replace a paper and pen with a computer for education , handwriting skills may suffer. Learners benefits from increased brain activities when writing new information by hand, particularly in subjects such as math and chemistry. Most computer programs include a spelling and grammar check, and students might depend on the computer to correct spelling and grammatical errors.

Many people using computer for negative purpose.These are main computers disadvantages . They play games and chat for long period of time. That causes wastage of time and energy. Young generation is now sending a more time on the social sites like facebook, twitter etc. That is also affecting on a social life.

Main disadvantages of the computer uses are increase unemployment in societies. People use the computer for negative activities. They use a computer to hack the data of company and credit card numbers of the people and misuse them.

Read Also :  Advantages and Disadvantages of Science

Conclusion On Advantages & Disadvantages Of The Computer

The computer provides many advantages, especially to businesses. It makes businesses more efficient in meeting customer needs and handling business planning. The disadvantages to relying heavily on computers is that there is vulnerabilities to computers. The systems can be breached and natural disasters can cause you lose vital information.

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Short Essay on Advantages and Disadvantages of Computer

Introduction

The computer is an electronic device, that receives information from the source, process the information and delivers the processed information to the destination. In today’s world, each and every mechanism involves the use of computers. Thinking an age without computers is now a hardship. Almost, in each and every department, we are using computers in one way or another. Be it medicine, teaching, defense or Finance, use of a computer is vast. With the help of computers and well developed technology, we have also automated many functionalities, that were difficult for humans.

Initially, computers were large in size and were designed to hold only the minimum amount of data, however, in today’s world, people have invented much smaller and easier to handle computers that are capable of storing large amount of information. Even though, we are using computers, vastly in many fields, there are many pros and cons, while using computers. In this essay, we are going to discuss about the advantages and disadvantages of using computers

Advantages of Computer

Computers are used widely in many fields, since they can quickly process large amount of information, in a small time. They are also known to complete tasks more efficiently and there is a minimum chance for errors. It can perform complex functionality and complete them in few seconds. When some tasks are tedious for men, computers can perform them with ease. Some of the advantages of computers are as follows:

• Data Storage: Computers are known to store a large amount of data and we can search the data without any hassle. The data can also be found in the minimum amount of time. However, when we store data in files or as hard copies, it is difficult to maintain and when we are searching for information, it takes a lot of time.
• Data Protection: In computers we can store sensitive data like customer information, financial details can be stored securely. In addition to this, the data can be protected from loss. However, on the other hand, if data are stored manually, there is a chance of data loss and also data privacy is also questionable.
• Documentation and Presentation: Computers are used for creating official document and creating presentations. Even though, these can be done manually, when we create Power point presentations online, we can present it neatly and in a more understandable manner. Calculations can also be done with the help of spreadsheets, since this are having inbuilt mathematical functionalities.
• Internet and Browsing: Computers are useful for searching the information online. In today’s world, we can find each and every information, about everything online. We can also contact a service provider online and many businesses can be done online.
• Automation: Many tasks that are difficult for humans, can be done with the help of computers and robotics. In many fields like industry, space exploration, etc. Robotics has become a boom of technology.
• Cost Effective: Since maintaining the data are done online and there is reduced need for paperwork, which reduces cost and increases efficiency.

Disadvantages of Computer

Even though, in today’s world we will face many difficulties without the use of computer, there are also few cons of this upcoming technology, They are as follows:

• Changing technology: Due to many upcoming technology, the technology or functionality which is considered to be new today, may soon face the threat of becoming obsolete.
• Increased Manpower Cost: Even though, there are machines to do the jobs online, these tasks need to be monitored by manpower. And at times, the system may stop responding and may require human attention.
• Virus and Data Loss: Computers are preferred for Data storage and protection, however, when the virus attacks the computer there is a chance of losing precious data and may not be able to retrieve those back.

Even though, there are many advantages and disadvantages of computers, we cannot deny the fact that the computer is most need technology in today’s world.

Santosh Kumar

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Essay on Advantages and Disadvantages of Modern Technology

Students are often asked to write an essay on Advantages and Disadvantages of Modern Technology in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Advantages and Disadvantages of Modern Technology

Introduction.

Modern technology is a crucial part of our lives. It has its advantages and disadvantages which we will explore.

Firstly, technology makes our life easier. For example, we can communicate with others instantly. Secondly, it provides endless entertainment options. Lastly, it’s a great tool for education.

Disadvantages

However, there are downsides. Over-reliance on technology can lead to less physical activity. Additionally, it can cause social isolation. Lastly, it can be a distraction from studies.

In conclusion, while technology has its benefits, it’s important to use it wisely to avoid its pitfalls.

250 Words Essay on Advantages and Disadvantages of Modern Technology

Advantages of modern technology.

Modern technology enhances efficiency and productivity. Tools like computers, software, and artificial intelligence can automate repetitive tasks, freeing humans to focus on complex, creative pursuits. Moreover, technology enables instant communication and fosters global connectivity. Platforms such as social media, email, and video conferencing have bridged geographical distances, fostering a global culture of collaboration and shared knowledge.

Disadvantages of Modern Technology

However, the reliance on technology can lead to issues such as privacy invasion and data theft. With the increasing amount of personal information shared online, individuals become vulnerable to cyber-attacks. Furthermore, the extensive use of technology can lead to physical and mental health problems. The sedentary lifestyle promoted by screen-based activities can contribute to obesity, while constant connectivity can lead to stress and anxiety.

In conclusion, while modern technology has significantly improved our lives, it has also introduced new challenges. It’s crucial to strike a balance, leveraging the benefits of technology while being aware of its potential pitfalls. As we continue to innovate, we must also develop strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of technology.

500 Words Essay on Advantages and Disadvantages of Modern Technology

Modern technology has become an integral part of our daily lives, influencing every aspect from communication to business, from education to healthcare. The advancements in technology have brought numerous benefits, but they also come with their own set of drawbacks. This essay aims to delve into the advantages and disadvantages of modern technology.

One of the most significant benefits of modern technology is the enhancement of communication. With the advent of smartphones, social media, and instant messaging apps, people can now connect with each other from any corner of the world in real-time, fostering global collaboration and cultural exchange.

In the field of education, technology has transformed the learning experience. Online education platforms, digital textbooks, and virtual classrooms have made learning more accessible, personalized, and flexible.

Despite its advantages, modern technology also has its downsides. One of the main disadvantages is the issue of privacy and security. With the increasing amount of data being shared online, there is a growing concern about data breaches, identity theft, and cybercrime.

Moreover, the rapid pace of technological change can lead to job displacement. Automation and artificial intelligence threaten to replace human labor in certain sectors, leading to job loss and increased social inequality.

In conclusion, while modern technology offers numerous benefits such as improved communication, advancements in healthcare, and transformation in education, it also poses significant challenges, including privacy and security concerns, mental health issues, and job displacement. Therefore, it is essential to strike a balance between leveraging the benefits of modern technology and mitigating its potential drawbacks. As we continue to innovate and advance, we must also ensure that we are addressing these challenges and shaping a future where technology serves as a tool for societal improvement rather than a source of disruption.

Apart from these, you can look at all the essays by clicking here .

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Essay 311 – Advantages and disadvantages of using computer technology in education

Gt writing task 2 / essay sample # 311.

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Write about the following topic:

Computers are becoming an essential part of education. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using computer technology in education and give your opinion.

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.

Write at least 250 words.

Model Answer:

Computers have become a vital tool in educational institutions. Although the phenomenon suffers from a few drawbacks like varied computer literacy levels and academic dishonesty, I believe that it is more beneficial as it provides enormous resources and an effective teaching tool.

One of the major drawbacks of technology in education is varied computer literacy among teachers and learners. Put simply, computers pose an extra challenge to teachers because they have to deal with learners of varying computer literacy levels. Some pupils come into the classroom well versed in computer literacy, yet others enter with no prior knowledge. It is therefore difficult for educators to handle this vast difference. On top of that, not all teachers are technologically sound when it comes to teaching using computers and the internet. Another primary disadvantage is academic dishonesty. Students who intend to plagiarize can simply copy and paste information into their assignments. For example, at least 20%-25% of students got involved in academic dishonesty, according to a recent college survey, due to the ease of cheating when they took tests from home during the Covid-19 pandemic.

On the other hand, the benefits of using computer technology in education are enormous. To begin with, the main advantage is that students get access to video tutorials, e-books, course materials and online collaboration platforms where they can grasp difficult concepts easily and flexibly. For instance, “Padlet” is a collaboration platform where pupils can ask questions, share ideas as well as continue class discussions beyond the classroom. Even though varied computer literacy and academic dishonesty negatively impact learning, I believe that using computers in education is more advantageous. This is because computers prove to be highly effective teaching tools. For example, teachers, with the help of computers, can show videos, images and texts that are interesting and relevant to what they are teaching.

In conclusion, employing computer technology in education poses some challenges but it offers students a large resource for learning and is proved to be an effective teaching tool. It is expected that teachers would use technology to make education more interesting, engaging and intuitive.

One Comment to “Essay 311 – Advantages and disadvantages of using computer technology in education”

With the advent of modern technology and globalization, schools have started to use various digital technologies in order to improve the teaching and learning processes and make lessons more interactive. However, such trends, in my perspective, have their own drawbacks. This essay will consider both perspectives but will focus on the negative impacts of cutting-edge digital devices on the education process.

On the one hand, the advantages of using the internet, computers and other portable devices in the current educational process are enormous. Computers have a database of a range of educational materials such as video tutorials, e-books, and other materials that help students learn better. The interactive platforms that computers enable teachers and students to use are highly beneficial. It connects learners from anywhere in the world and offers updated information and educational games, which makes the educational process more interactive and fun, while at the same time helping students to obtain more useful and newest information in a more relaxed atmosphere.

While computers might seem like a useful instrument in the studying process, it has severe drawbacks on the quality of education and students’ mental health. Nowadays, many tutors use computers to provide their lessons and the whole process is done online. It lacks the personal touch and in-person motivation in the classroom. Some lessons are prepared without a detailed explanation and they contain some fuzziest points. Such a method of teaching, using computers leads to surface learning, useful only to pass formal exams but unfortunately fail to provide comprehensive knowledge. Moreover, modern, educational-social platforms and portable digital devices are often fulfilled with tons of useless information, and gullible students who watch all educational-interactive videos often overload their brain with useless and useful information and damage their brain cells. In the short term, it might create anxiety and stress, but in the long term, it might lead to various neurological disorders such as delirium and suicidal tendency due to the unstructured neuro-bonds.

In conclusion, despite some tangible benefits of using electronic devices in contemporary schools, they have many disadvantages. Their benefits pale in comparison to the tremendous negative impacts of this process. It is expected that real teachers would teach students in classroom-based education settings.

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Essay on Computer with Quotations in English

Computer essay for examination.

Here is an example of an Essay on Computer with quotations in English for the students of FSC. Students of Class 12 can prepare it with quotes and without online. However, students of B.A. must include the Outline in this essay. The computer is an invention which has changed the ways of thinking of a man. There is a list of Advantages of Computer but there are some Disadvantages of the computer as well. Students of different classes can write the same essay under the title, Essay on Computer, computer essay in English, essay on importance of computer, uses of computer essay, Advantages and Disadvantages of computer essay. For more essays with quotes, you can visit this link .

Essay on Computer with Outline and Quotations

• A remarkable invention of the modern age.
• A computer is an electronic device.
• The evolutionary process of computers.
• Computers are being used in every field.
• he world will be an orphan without the computer.

The computer is a remarkable invention of the modern age of science. It has broadened the mental horizon of man and revolutionized all the field of life. The impossible tasks are now possible due to the efficiency and perfection of computer technology. The world has become a global village and information has spread all over the world through internet.

“I do not fear computers. I fear lack of them.” — Isaac Asimov

A computer is an electronic device capable of performing a series of arithmetic or logical operation according to instructions. The word computer has been derived from the word “compute” which means “to count”. A computer is composed of “ hardware” and software”.Hardware means the physical parts of computer and software means the computer programmes that control the functioning of the hardware and directs its operation.

Computers were not invented over-night. It was an evolutionary process of centuries. In the beginning, computers were large in size. They were slow and their price was very high. With the passage of time, a great development has been done in the field of computer. Now, computers are smart, fast and cheap.

“The computer was born to solve problems that did not exist before.” — Bill Gates

Computers are being used for the exploration and extraction of all the possible benefits in the fields of medicine, education, business, banking, construction, communication, entertainment, research-work and science. New heights of delights are being felt and found in the exploration of new knowledge in every field of life. A computer has become a multipurpose device. It is playing a dominant role in our lives. Most of the things are being controlled and operated by computers.

The computer has made working very easy and effective in all the walks of life. Doctors and nurses use it to monitor patients and to assist in medical research. In business and industry, the computer helps us a lot to get information and to introduce new trends. It also helps us in the construction of bridges, roads and big buildings.

“It’s hardware that makes a machine fast.  It’s software that makes a fast machine slow.” — Craig Bruce

The computer is rendering a great service in the banking system. It has revolutionized the telecommunication system. Telephone, mobile, radio, fax machines televisions are fully computerized now-a-days. A computer can quickly process the results of scientific experiments and solve extremely difficult problems easily. It is being used to guide rockets, satellites, spaceships and air flights. It has a very vast memory. The knowledge of all the books of a library can be stored on a computer. It can keep a record of thousands of files which are available in a moment. A number of softwares are available in the market and we can use them according to our needs to make our tasks easy and quick

“To every disadvantage, there is a corresponding advantage.” —  W. Clement Stone

In spite of countless blessings of a computer, there is also a dark aspect of its usage. It has mechanized our life too much. We depend on computers too much and use our minds very less. The use of the internet is becoming very popular. Mostly youngsters waste their time in chatting and bluffing the others. There are also a number of immoral and obscene sites which are explored by the youngsters. It causes a very bad impact on their innocent minds. Moreover, computers are also creating a problem of unemployment in developing countries.

The modern age definitely is the age of information technology. Knowledge is advancing at a fantastic pace. Every new step unveils new vistas. Computers are playing a vital role in our social and economic life by turning the world into a global village. Now, thousands of books are available on one screen. The right use of computer can lead us to progress and prosperity. The computer and put future are interrelated. The world will be an orphan without a computer.

                        “The new electronic interdependence recreates

                           The world in the image of a global village.”         (Marshall McLuhan).

Essay on Computer Advantages and Disadvantages for Class 10, Class 12 and Graduation

Mechanical computing devices date from the 17 th century. Indeed Charles Babbage is credited with the invention of the computer. He named it the “Analytical Engine”. The first digital computer appeared in the USA in the 1940s. Since then generations have worked to reduce the size and increase the speed of the computer. Now it has proved to be the most amazing invention of the 20 th century. Computer scan and handles data with wonderful accuracy. The computer can read information and store this information for later use. Motherboard, Processor, RAM, Monitor, Key Board, Mouse, CD ROM and Floppy Drive are the main components of a computer.

Advantages and Uses of Computer

The benefits of a computer are many. The notable features of Computer are speed and accuracy. Life has become speedy and quick in this modern age. Thus, the importance of computer has been recognized in all fields of life. In industry, it keeps the record of goods, cost and output. It also provides a great deal of help in engineering. It designs buildings of all kinds, gives information about the best material to be used, suggests ideal measures for its safety and gives accurate expenditures of its construction. In medicine, it assists to perform tests, diagnoses diseases and prescribes medicine. In space, sea and earth explorations, it has performed wonders. It collects information of various heavenly bodies, their properties, and atmospheric conditions. It tells us about the treasures hidden under the earth and in-depth of the sea. We control satellite, rockets, missiles, and spaces ships by computer. It is the best typewriter, with wondrous fonts and beautiful results. It also provides the recreation of all sorts. It plays with us, amuses us with different activities, and fun. In the field of education, it has performed wonders. It can collect information for us from the most remote parts of the world. It is through the computer that this world has become a global village. Through the internet, people can take orders for their products from all over the world. They can talk to their relatives and friends who are in other cities or other countries.

Disadvantages of Computer

Though the disadvantages of computers are equal to nought as compared with its uses, nevertheless, there are few physical and social problems associated with it. As far as physical harms of the computer are concerned, it causes stress and tension to the person who has to sit before it hours and hours together. Sometimes it weakens eyesight. It may cause a few social evils. On the internet, our youth can watch obscene movies and immoral pictures.

After analyzing computer from both the angles, it is easy to conclude that its uses are greater than its abuses. However, the evils of computers can be reduced to some extent by devising a code of ethics and awakening the sense of duty in our youth. Its physical evils can be controlled by certain exercises. To conclude, it may be said that the present age is the age of the computer. If we want to keep pace with the rest of the world, we will have to take adequate measures for the uplift of computer technology.

Essay on Computer Advantages and Disadvantages is important for exams. However, you can see My Last Day at College with Quotations too.

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Essay about technology advantages and disadvantages – Analytical Essay

Introduction

Technology is now a big part of our society and our foreseeable future. There is little room for people that wish to live without technology, and luckily, it is still advancing at a rate that has helped stave off stagnation. Here I analyze the advantages and disadvantages of technology

Thesis statement

I believe that for every advantage that technology brings us, it also brings us a disadvantage at the same time.

Analysis of cars on our roads

Cars and other vehicles are now readily available and are technologically advanced enough to be safe for use every day and to work as a reliable tool for getting people and goods from one place to another in a relatively short space of time.

The advantages of cars are that they are safe and that people can get to very specific places as per their own timeline. People do not have to rely on trains or planes in order to get to where they want to go, and they can set off at their own time and arrive when they wish without having to work around a train or plane schedule.

The disadvantage is that all forms of vehicle on our roads are polluting the atmosphere and are slowly killing the earth by adding to greenhouse gasses that do not allow the sun’s heat to escape. Even electric cars are powered by electricity generated by fossil fuels. Car accidents are also a very big killer worldwide and many lives have been lost because of car accidents/incidents.

Analysis of Smartphones

They allow people to stay in touch, even over long distances, and they are relatively safe and reliable to use. There are devices that can communicate with plus at the other end of the planet and getting and keeping in touch with other people is very easy.

The disadvantages to this is that it means people no longer need to meet in person as much, and interpersonal relationships are suffering worldwide because people are communicating through a small handheld device. Lots of people have Smartphones and they use them almost semi-continuously, including in public settings when they could be making new friends, finding new lovers, and talking/interacting with their current friends. Analysis – Fast and efficient Internet access

The advantages are that people can communicate over vast distances and can gain access to information and answers to their questions very quickly. The disadvantage is that the Internet isn’t moderated in the way that people think and a lot of it is filled with misinformation and outright lies.

Even brand-named websites that have a lot of trust are not accountable for what appears on their own websites. Even respected and branded news sites have stories that have passed through many people’s hands and originally started as lies with zero accountability throughout the dissemination process. For example, that is why so many celebrities have been reported as dead on news sites when they were actually alive. Conclusion

My analysis proves that technology is a good thing, and that is has its advantages, but that with each technological element we gain disadvantages as well as advantages, and many times those disadvantages are overlooked by technology users.

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Computers are Being Used More and More in Education Sample Essays

Updated On Aug 14, 2024

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Table of Contents

Sample essay, band 9 sample essay.

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This article contains Computers are Being Used More and More in Education sample essays.

Given below is a real IELTS Writing Part 2 Essay question. We have provided sample essays as well as an essay outline so that you can practice writing your own!

Not sure how to approach IELTS Essay questions? Take a look at IELTS Writing Task 2 Preparation Tips and Tricks !

Learn essential IELTS vocabulary tips for Band 9 score with the guide below!

Read the sample essay for Computers are being used more and more in education. Some people say that this is a positive trend while others argue that it leading to negative consequences. Discuss both views and give your opinion?

Discussion Essay

Introduction

Sentences 1, 2 & 3: Introduce the topic.

Sentence 4 – I disagree with the notion of the essay.

Body Paragraphs

Paragraphs 1 -Negative effects of the use of computers in educating young ones

Paragraph 2 – Positive uses of computers in education

Sum up and state your opinion.

The use of technology has stirred differences in opinions among people. While one group feels multimedia or the use of computers can be beneficial to the young learners, others point out the harmful effects of the use of technology in the classroom and at home. In this essay, both opinions will be discussed in order to get a comprehensive insight into the matter.

While computers are replacing the conventional methods of teaching, there are some factors that prevent its wholehearted acceptance in education. Firstly, easy ingress to computers and similar equipment may make the learners careless. Instead of using it to educate themselves, they might spend more time playing games and searching for unwanted information. This not only leads to addiction but also diverts the purpose of learning. It may further lead to health issues like obesity, eyesight issues as the young ones will not involve in physical activities. Secondly, being a machine, the computer lacks the human touch that a teacher can provide. One may get loads of information from the internet through the computer, but unlike a human educator, it will not be able to motivate the learner or develop skills like leadership, perseverance and teamwork. Finally, using content from the world wide web on the computer without citing references or proper paraphrasing may lead to plagiarism .

On the other hand, using a computer can make teaching easy for the educator. The students are always interested in watching videos and listening to stories than reading a book. So, the teacher can show them videos related to the topic he/she is teaching and explain the concepts. Moreover, using the internet on the computer, a person can accrue knowledge on various topics he is interested in. He/she does not need to go out to a library and spend hours to get some particulars on the subject matter.

To conclude, I would like to say that although the disadvantages outweigh the advantages of using a computer in education, this mode of delivering enlightenment is being accepted gradually. One step that can be taken to ensure that the young people do not misuse the access is to limit the time they spend on the machine and to keep track of what they can access.

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Over the period of time, the use of technology has  escalated  tremendously in almost every sector, including the education sector. While a lot of people are considering the addition of computers into the classrooms a positive development, others with opposing opinions argue that it may have unfavourable  ramifications  for students. In the following paragraphs, I will be highlighting both of the views and giving my viewpoint.

To begin with, some people believe that excessive  exposure  to any gadget, be it a smartphone or a computer, can be an addiction that may cause  inevitable  effects on the minds of youngsters. This is primarily because the internet opens the complete world forth the students. This results in access to  unrated  sites and  compulsive  video games, further affecting the character of youngsters and compelling them to live a  sedentary  life. For example, as per a survey, there has been a substantial increase in health issues among teenagers and the reason could be  prolonged  sitting in front of the computers.

However, it is  undeniable  that administered access to computers for a restricted amount of time can help students. Additionally, advanced technology plays a crucial role in educating youngsters and developing their learning potential. The reason behind it is students accessing more information on the internet that they were  devoid   of  before. Moreover, because of hi-tech services and globalization, students can now learn from home, regardless of their location.

Concluding the topic, it can be said that although the introduction of computers has a few disadvantages when used for the correct purpose, I believe they can help boost knowledge and help them grow better.

Meaning:  make someone feel upset or angry; start to have feelings, thought, etc

Eg: All the past memories were stirred when he met his best friend.

• Comprehensive

Meaning: includes everything that is needed or relevant

Eg: The courses, the institution offers are quite comprehensive.

Meaning: a chance to understand something; ability to notice and understand a lot

Eg: The incident gave me an insight into the internal problems of our family.

• Conventional

Meaning: following the usual practices of the past

Eg: Most of my friends come from conventional families unlike me.

• Wholehearted

Meaning: having or showing no doubt or uncertainty about doing something, supporting someone

Eg: The woman understood that the poet gave her a wholehearted reply.

Meaning: right or permission to enter.

Eg: The thief got an easy ingress to the castle through the broken wall.

• Perseverance

Meaning:  continued effort to do or achieve something despite difficulties, failure, or opposition

Eg: Due to his perseverance, he reached the summit even in the rough weather.

• Plagiarism 

Meaning: the process or practice of using another person’s ideas or work and pretending that it is your own

Eg: All their works were banned as they were accused of plagiarism.

Meaning: to increase over a period of time, or to get an amount of something gradually over time

Eg: The servant decided to accrue wealth and knowledge and leave this place forever.

• Enlightenment

Meaning: the state of understanding something

Eg: The hermit finally reached the state of enlightenment and he helped the others.

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• Advantages and Disadvantages of Computer - Essay | Free Writing

Essay Writing

Letter writing, essay (free writing).

Essay Writing Unit: Essay (Free Writing) Subject: English Grade XI

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• English Grade XI

Free Writing Essay on advantages and disadvantages of computer

Great advancement in the field of science and technology has resulted into the invention of numerous devices, which have made our life easy and comfortable. Among the devices, which are widely used in the present time, is computer. Indeed computer has become basis need of modern people. There is a symbol of modernity.

Despite this fact computer like other devices has pros and cons. Having computer certainly has disadvantages but there are some good aspects of it too. Computers are useful in business, in education and home. The use of computer has reduced time span of many works. Any works can be done sitting in a place and pressing few keys. It has enabled people to know happenings of the world shortly after it happens. Computer has made it easier for people to communicate in addition to saving time and money. Formerly, operating business used to be totally manual work. Because of payments to be made for workers, goods used to costly. The use of computer has surely reduced cost of goods. Moreover, a chance of miscalculation is very less if done with computer than with a human brain. The use of computer in education sector has brought changes in the age-old teaching materials. Way viability of materials allows teachers to use them for effective educating. As in business and education computer is useful at home. Leisure time of family members does not become burden. They can si at a place and spend time watching any movies they like. Computer puts a stop to writing letter, posting it and waiting for the reply. Needless to say computer has numerous advantages. Nonetheless it has disadvantages too use of computer results into unemployment as computer can perform the duty that might need nearly six to seven workers.

Unemployment is likely to result into crimes. Continuous work with computer causes loss of eyesight in the long run. Internet, which is widely used to see pornographic scenes, corrupts the mind of teenagers. Due to it, sex- violence increases rapidly. Computer has direct impact on culture of any nation. The eventual impact of computer in society is uncertain, but they are likely to cause total disorder in society. Computer has disadvantages, but advantages are not less. Faults are not inherent: they are man made. As defects are man-made, they can be reduced and computer can be used for the benefits of human beings.

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Essay on Technology – A Boon or Bane for Students

500+ words essay on technology for students.

In this essay on technology, we are going to discuss what technology is, what are its uses, and also what technology can do? First of all, technology refers to the use of technical and scientific knowledge to create, monitor, and design machinery. Also, technology helps in making other goods that aid mankind.

Essay on Technology – A Boon or Bane?

Experts are debating on this topic for years. Also, the technology covered a long way to make human life easier but the negative aspect of it can’t be ignored. Over the years technological advancement has caused a severe rise in pollution . Also, pollution has become a major cause of many health issues. Besides, it has cut off people from society rather than connecting them. Above all, it has taken away many jobs from the workers class.

Familiarity between Technology and Science

As they are completely different fields but they are interdependent on each other. Also, it is due to science contribution we can create new innovation and build new technological tools. Apart from that, the research conducted in laboratories contributes a lot to the development of technologies. On the other hand, technology extends the agenda of science.

Vital Part of our Life

Regularly evolving technology has become an important part of our lives. Also, newer technologies are taking the market by storm and the people are getting used to them in no time. Above all, technological advancement has led to the growth and development of nations.

Negative Aspect of Technology

Although technology is a good thing, everything has two sides. Technology also has two sides one is good and the other is bad. Here are some negative aspects of technology that we are going to discuss.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

With new technology the industrialization increases which give birth to many pollutions like air, water, soil, and noise. Also, they cause many health-related issues in animals, birds, and human beings.

Exhaustion of Natural Resources

New technology requires new resources for which the balance is disturbed. Eventually, this will lead to over-exploitation of natural resources which ultimately disturbs the balance of nature.

Unemployment

A single machine can replace many workers. Also, machines can do work at a constant pace for several hours or days without stopping. Due to this, many workers lost their job which ultimately increases unemployment .

Types of Technology

Generally, we judge technology on the same scale but in reality, technology is divided into various types. This includes information technology, industrial technology , architectural technology, creative technology and many more. Let’s discuss these technologies in brief.

Industrial Technology

This technology organizes engineering and manufacturing technology for the manufacturing of machines. Also, this makes the production process easier and convenient.

Creative Technology

This process includes art, advertising, and product design which are made with the help of software. Also, it comprises of 3D printers , virtual reality, computer graphics, and other wearable technologies.

Information Technology

This technology involves the use of telecommunication and computer to send, receive and store information. Internet is the best example of Information technology.

FAQs on Essay on Technology

Q.1 What is Information technology?

A –  It is a form of technology that uses telecommunication and computer systems for study. Also, they send, retrieve, and store data.

Q.2 Is technology harmful to humans?

 A – No, technology is not harmful to human beings until it is used properly. But, misuses of technology can be harmful and deadly.

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Computers are machines that offer a variety of advantages, allowing us to perform tasks efficiently and effectively.

However, computers also have a few disadvantages that can affect our lives in one way or another.

From physical health issues to the potential for addiction and cybercrime, there are many potential dangers associated with the use of computers.

To ensure that you are using your device safely and responsibly, it’s important to be aware of the possible disadvantages of computer use.

In this article, we’ll explore 20 common disadvantages of using computers so that you can make an informed decision when considering what type of device is right for you. Read on to learn more!

1. High Cost of Initial Investment

Computers are expensive, and the cost of buying a computer for home or business use can be prohibitive. The cost of software, hardware components, and other peripherals can add up quickly.

Additionally, the cost of maintaining and repairing a computer system can be expensive as well.

Depending on the type of computer you buy and what you plan to use it for, the initial investment in a computer system can range from hundreds to thousands.

Furthermore, computers have a limited lifespan and will need to be replaced within several years due to technological advances or hardware failures.

2. Vulnerability to Viruses and Malware

Computers are vulnerable to viruses and malware, which can cause serious damage to data and hardware. Viruses can be installed on computers without the user’s knowledge or permission and can spread quickly.

Malware is a form of malicious software that is designed to steal money, gain access to private information, or disrupt computer systems.

It is important to install antivirus software and keep it updated in order to reduce the risk of virus infections. Additionally, computers should be regularly scanned for malware using specialized tools.

3. Unreliable Data Storage

Computer data can be easily lost or corrupted due to hardware failure, software bugs, malicious computer viruses, and other forms of cyber-attacks.

This can lead to data loss and disruption in critical business operations. It is thus important to regularly back up your data.

Additionally, it is important to keep your system protected from any potential threats by using the latest antivirus software and firewalls.

4. Security Risks

Computer security risks refer to the potential for a malicious individual or program to gain unauthorized access to your computer, network, and/or data.

This can lead to the theft of personal information, such as passwords and financial information, or even more serious consequences, such as identity theft.

Additionally, when a computer is compromised, it can be used to spread malware or launch attacks against other computers on the same network.

To reduce the risk of security threats, it’s important to keep your operating system and applications up-to-date with the latest patches and use strong passwords to protect your accounts.

Additionally, using antivirus software and firewalls can help protect your system from malicious programs.

5. Increase in Electromagnetic Radiation

Computer use increases the amount of electromagnetic radiation in a person’s environment. This is because computer monitors, laptops, and other electronic devices emit radiation.

Over time, this can cause fatigue, headaches, and other health issues.

To reduce the risk of developing these symptoms, it’s important to take regular breaks from your computer and make sure you are using an ergonomically designed chair with adequate back support.

Additionally, it’s best to keep computers away from areas where people sleep or spend a lot of time.

6. Health Issues Due to Prolonged Use

Prolonged use of computers can cause physical discomfort and lead to health issues.

Sitting in the same position for too long can cause back pain, neck strain, and other musculoskeletal problems.

Also, staring at a computer screen for too long could lead to vision problems like dry eyes, blurred vision, headaches, and eyestrain.

Additionally, carpal tunnel syndrome is a common disorder experienced by people who spend hours typing on their computers every day.

To minimize these health risks, it’s important to take frequent breaks and adjust your workspace accordingly to ensure the best ergonomics.

7. Social Isolation and Lack of Interaction With Others

The use of computers has led to a decrease in face-to-face interaction with other people.

This can lead to social isolation and loneliness, as it is much easier and more convenient for people to communicate through technology than it is for them to meet up in person.

Also, people may become too reliant on computers for their social needs and end up neglecting their real-life relationships.

This can lead to further isolation, as well as depression or anxiety.

8. Attraction towards Online Games

Computer games can be addictive and cause people to become isolated. They may also distract people from their everyday lives, causing them to neglect important tasks or responsibilities.

Moreover, online games can contain offensive and inappropriate content that may not be suitable for children or young adults.

Excessive gaming can lead to mental health issues, such as depression and anxiety, as well as physical problems, like poor posture and carpal tunnel syndrome.

Additionally, playing games on the computer can increase your electricity bill and strain your eyes from long periods of time in front of a screen.

9. Incompatible with Old Systems

Computers are constantly evolving and being updated with new hardware and software. This means that older systems may not be compatible with newer ones, or vice versa.

If a computer is operating an outdated system, it can make it difficult to access new websites or applications which require more up-to-date versions.

Additionally, some old programs may no longer work on the newer machines due to incompatibilities between the two systems.

This can cause a lot of unnecessary frustration for users who rely on their computers for work or pleasure.

10. Dependency on Electricity

Computer use requires electricity, making them dependent on power sources. This means that when electricity is not available, computers cannot be used.

Without a reliable source of electricity, computer use can be unreliable or impossible, which can prevent people from using them to complete tasks that require computers in the first place.

Additionally, a lack of access to reliable power sources may limit the ability for some people to use computers at all.

11. Difficulty in Troubleshooting Problems

Troubleshooting computer problems can be difficult, especially for those who are not tech-savvy.

Even the most experienced computer users can have trouble pinpointing the cause of an issue and coming up with a solution.

This is because computers are incredibly complex machines with many interrelated parts and components that can be difficult to troubleshoot.

Additionally, some issues may require specialized knowledge or skillset in order to resolve them, such as understanding network protocols or interpreting error codes.

Professional help may be necessary in these cases in order to resolve the problem.

12. Environmental Impact due to E-Waste

Electronic waste, or e-waste, is the term used to describe discarded electronic devices.

Computers and other electronic devices contain a variety of components that are hazardous to both humans and the environment if not disposed of properly.

These components include lead, mercury, cadmium, beryllium, chromium, and flame retardants such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE).

When these materials are not recycled and are left in landfills, they can contaminate the soil and water supply.

Additionally, many e-waste items cannot be recycled and must be incinerated, which releases toxic fumes into the air.

To reduce e-waste and its environmental impacts, it is important to recycle electronics whenever possible.

13. Risk of Identity Theft or Fraud

Computer users are at risk of identity theft or fraud when they don’t take steps to protect themselves. As technology continues to evolve, criminals are finding new and innovative ways to steal personal information.

When using the internet, it’s important to be aware of phishing emails and malicious websites that can install malicious software on your computer without you knowing.

Additionally, it’s important to protect your computer with antivirus software and use a secure password for each website you visit.

Finally, never provide any personal information over the internet unless you know and trust the website you’re providing it to.

14. Difficult to Detect Fake News or Misinformation

With the rise of social media, it has become increasingly difficult to detect fake news or misinformation.

With computers being used as a major source of information, anyone can post anything online without having to worry about being fact-checked.

This makes it easy for false information to spread quickly, which can have serious consequences.

Additionally, computers lack the ability to understand context and nuance, making it hard for them to distinguish between factual and false statements.

This can lead people to make decisions based on inaccurate information that could be detrimental to their health or well-being.

15. Potential for Cybercrime Activity

Computer users are at risk of being targeted by cybercriminals, either for their personal information or to use their computer resources for criminal purposes.

Cybercrimes include phishing and identity theft, where criminals attempt to gain access to confidential data such as bank account details and passwords.

Additionally, hackers may target computers to spread malware and viruses that can damage data or reduce system performance.

To protect against cybercrime, it is important to install up-to-date security software on all devices and be aware of potential risks when browsing the internet.

16. Increased Surveillance by Government Agencies

The use of computers has made it easier for government agencies to conduct surveillance on citizens. This can include monitoring emails, tracking internet usage, and collecting data from computer systems.

With the rise of technology, government agencies may be able to access more personal information than ever before.

This can lead to a lack of privacy and an increased risk of identity theft.

Additionally, some governments may use this information to their own benefit, such as suppressing freedom of speech or manipulating public opinion.

17. Dependency of Machines

We have become very dependent on machines and computers in our everyday lives. We rely on them for tasks such as shopping, banking, communication, entertainment, and learning.

This dependency can be both a good thing and a bad thing. On the one hand, machines help us with mundane tasks and make our lives easier in certain ways.

On the other hand, it can create problems such as a lack of critical thinking skills or an inability to think without the help of a computer.

Additionally, if we are too reliant on computers and machines to do our work for us, this could lead to job losses and a decrease in productivity.

18. Loss of Jobs due to Automation

Automation is a major disadvantage of computers as it reduces the need for human labor. Companies can automate their processes, replacing the need for human employees with machines.

This leaves many people without jobs and unable to find employment elsewhere. Automation also leads to increased unemployment rates, which can have a wide-reaching impact on the economy as a whole.

Additionally, automation often requires fewer skills than manual labor and can lead to decreased wages for those who are still employed in manual labor roles.

As technology advances and more processes become automated, the potential negative effects on employment will continue to rise.

19. Internet Addiction

Computer addiction, or internet addiction, is a growing problem that can have serious consequences for those affected.

The World Health Organization (WHO) has classified internet gaming disorder as an addictive behavior disorder due to its potential to cause harm.

Symptoms of internet addiction include difficulty concentrating on other activities, withdrawal symptoms when not online, and excessive use of the internet despite adverse consequences.

It can lead to social isolation, depression, financial problems, and even physical health issues.

Without treatment or moderation of the time spent online, computer addiction can be hard to overcome.

20. Reduced Physical Activity

Computer use can lead to reduced physical activity, as people spend more time sitting in front of a computer instead of engaging in active activities.

It has been linked to an increased risk for various health problems such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, and poor posture.

In addition, a lack of physical activity can lead to weakened muscles, bones, and joints.

This is especially important for children who need regular exercise to ensure healthy growth and development.

It’s important to remember that computers are tools, not replacements for physical activity.

Taking regular breaks from computer use and engaging in other activities can help reduce the risks associated with prolonged periods of immobility.

Final Words

From this article, we can conclude that computers have both advantages and disadvantages. Although they can be useful tools for a variety of tasks, they also come with certain risks.

Computers are vulnerable to viruses, malware, and other security threats, which can cause major problems.

Additionally, computers can be a distraction from work or other important activities if not used properly.

Therefore, it is important to use caution when using computers and weigh the pros and cons of all decisions before taking action.

Key Takeaways

• Computers have a range of both advantages and disadvantages, including high initial cost, vulnerability to viruses and malware, unreliable data storage, health issues due to prolonged use, and social isolation.
• There are also security risks associated with computer usage, such as identity theft or fraud, cybercrime activity, increased surveillance by government agencies, internet addiction, and reduced physical activity.
• It is important to be aware of these potential disadvantages so one can take necessary precautions for safe usage.

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Write the advantages and the disadvantage of the computer.

Answer: a computer is an electronic tool that manipulates information or data. it has the capacity to store, download, and process things. people may can type files, send emails, play online games, and search the internet using a computer. users can use it to modify charts and graphs, presentations, and videos. advantages of computer.

• While the human mind can comprise a high amount of data to be used to make a decision, the brain of a computer can involve much more data and knowledge.
• Computers can process data even more rapidly than a human brain.

Disadvantages of computer

• One limitation is the high cost of purchasing the right computer equipment, requiring a significant amount of computer memory space.
• For eye sites, it is not good and distract kids from studying.
• It emits dangerous radiation that is hazardous to all of us, and so on.

• Open access
• Published: 26 August 2024

Evaluating panel discussions in ESP classes: an exploration of international medical students’ and ESP instructors’ perspectives through qualitative research

• Elham Nasiri   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-0644-1646 1 &
• Laleh Khojasteh   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-6393-2759 1  

BMC Medical Education volume  24 , Article number:  925 ( 2024 ) Cite this article

Metrics details

This study investigates the effectiveness of panel discussions, a specific interactive teaching technique where a group of students leads a pre-planned, topic-focused discussion with audience participation, in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) courses for international medical students. This approach aims to simulate professional conference discussions, preparing students for future academic and clinical environments where such skills are crucial. While traditional group presentations foster critical thinking and communication, a gap exists in understanding how medical students perceive the complexities of preparing for and participating in panel discussions within an ESP setting. This qualitative study investigates the perceived advantages and disadvantages of these discussions from the perspectives of both panelists (medical students) and the audience (peers). Additionally, the study explores potential improvements based on insights from ESP instructors. Utilizing a two-phase design involving reflection papers and focus group discussions, data were collected from 46 medical students and three ESP instructors. Thematic analysis revealed that panel discussions offer unique benefits compared to traditional presentations, including enhanced engagement and more dynamic skill development for both panelists and the audience. Panelists reported gains in personal and professional development, including honing critical thinking, communication, and presentation skills. The audience perceived these discussions as engaging learning experiences that fostered critical analysis and information synthesis. However, challenges such as academic workload and concerns about discussion quality were also identified. The study concludes that panel discussions, when implemented effectively, can be a valuable tool for enhancing critical thinking, communication skills, and subject matter knowledge in ESP courses for medical students. These skills are transferable and can benefit students in various academic and professional settings, including future participation in medical conferences. This research provides valuable insights for ESP instructors seeking to integrate panel discussions into their curriculum, ultimately improving student learning outcomes and preparing them for future success in professional communication.

Peer Review reports

Introduction

In the field of medical education, the acquisition and application of effective communication skills are crucial for medical students in today’s global healthcare environment [ 1 ]. This necessitates not only strong English language proficiency but also the ability to present complex medical information clearly and concisely to diverse audiences.

Language courses, especially English for Specific Purposes (ESP) courses for medical students, are highly relevant in today’s globalized healthcare environment [ 2 ]. In non-English speaking countries like Iran, these courses are particularly important as they go beyond mere language instruction to include the development of critical thinking, cultural competence, and professional communication skills [ 3 ]. Proficiency in English is crucial for accessing up-to-date research, participating in international conferences, and communicating with patients and colleagues from diverse backgrounds [ 4 ]. Additionally, ESP courses help medical students understand and use medical terminologies accurately, which is essential for reading technical articles, listening to audio presentations, and giving spoken presentations [ 5 ]. In countries where English is not the primary language, ESP courses ensure that medical professionals can stay current with global advancements and collaborate effectively on an international scale [ 6 ]. Furthermore, these courses support students who may seek to practice medicine abroad, enhancing their career opportunities and professional growth [ 7 ].

Moreover, ESP courses enable medical professionals to communicate effectively with international patients, which is crucial in multicultural societies and for medical tourism, ensuring that patient care is not compromised due to language barriers [ 8 ]. Many medical textbooks, journals, and online resources are available primarily in English, and ESP courses equip medical students with the necessary language skills to access and comprehend these resources, ensuring they are well-informed about the latest medical research and practices [ 9 ].

Additionally, many medical professionals from non-English speaking countries aim to take international certification exams, such as the USMLE or PLAB, which are conducted in English, and ESP courses prepare students for these exams by familiarizing them with the medical terminology and language used in these assessments [ 10 ]. ESP courses also contribute to the professional development of medical students by improving their ability to write research papers, case reports, and other academic documents in English, which is essential for publishing in international journals and contributing to global medical knowledge [ 11 ]. In the increasingly interdisciplinary field of healthcare, collaboration with professionals from other countries is common, and ESP courses facilitate effective communication and collaboration with international colleagues, fostering innovation and the exchange of ideas [ 12 ].

With the rise of telemedicine and online medical consultations, proficiency in English is essential for non-English speaking medical professionals to provide remote healthcare services to international patients, and ESP courses prepare students for these modern medical practices [ 13 ].

Finally, ESP courses often include training on cultural competence, which is crucial for understanding and respecting the cultural backgrounds of patients and colleagues, leading to more empathetic and effective patient care and professional interactions [ 14 ]. Many ESP programs for medical students incorporate group presentations as a vital component of their curriculum, recognizing the positive impact on developing these essential skills [ 15 ].

Group projects in language courses, particularly in ESP for medical students, are highly relevant for several reasons. They provide a collaborative environment that mimics real-world professional settings, where healthcare professionals often work in multidisciplinary teams [ 16 ]. These group activities foster not only language skills but also crucial soft skills such as teamwork, leadership, and interpersonal communication, which are essential in medical practice [ 17 ].

The benefits of group projects over individual projects in language learning are significant. Hartono, Mujiyanto [ 18 ] found that group presentation tasks in ESP courses led to higher self-efficacy development compared to individual tasks. Group projects encourage peer learning, where students can learn from each other’s strengths and compensate for individual weaknesses [ 19 ]. They also provide a supportive environment that can reduce anxiety and increase willingness to communicate in the target language [ 20 ]. However, it is important to note that group projects also come with challenges, such as social loafing and unequal contribution, which need to be managed effectively [ 21 ].

Traditional lecture-based teaching methods, while valuable for knowledge acquisition, may not effectively prepare medical students for the interactive and collaborative nature of real-world healthcare settings [ 22 ]. Panel discussions (hereafter PDs), an interactive teaching technique where a group of students leads a pre-planned, topic-focused discussion with audience participation, are particularly relevant in this context. They simulate professional conference discussions and interdisciplinary team meetings, preparing students for future academic and clinical environments where such skills are crucial [ 23 ].

PDs, also known as moderated discussions or moderated panels, are a specific type of interactive format where a group of experts or stakeholders engage in a facilitated conversation on a particular topic or issue [ 22 ]. In this format, a moderator guides the discussion, encourages active participation from all panelists, and fosters a collaborative environment that promotes constructive dialogue and critical thinking [ 24 ]. The goal is to encourage audience engagement and participation, which can be achieved through various strategies such as asking open-ended questions, encouraging counterpoints and counterarguments, and providing opportunities for audience members to pose questions or share their own experiences [ 25 ]. These discussions can take place in-person or online, and can be designed to accommodate diverse audiences and settings [ 26 ].

In this study, PD is considered a speaking activity where medical students are assigned specific roles to play during the simulation, such as a physician, quality improvement specialist, policymaker, or patient advocate. By taking on these roles, students can gain a better understanding of the diverse perspectives and considerations that come into play in real-world healthcare discussions [ 23 ]. Simulating PDs within ESP courses can be a powerful tool for enhancing medical students’ learning outcomes in multiple areas. This approach improves language proficiency, academic skills, and critical thinking abilities, while also enabling students to communicate effectively with diverse stakeholders in the medical field [ 27 , 28 ].

Theoretical framework

The panel discussions in our study are grounded in the concept of authentic assessment (outlined by Villarroel, Bloxham [ 29 ]), which involves designing tasks that mirror real-life situations and problems. In the context of medical education, this approach is particularly relevant as it prepares students for the complex, multidisciplinary nature of healthcare communication. Realism can be achieved through two means: providing a realistic context that describes and delivers a frame for the problem to be solved and creating tasks that are similar to those faced in real and/or professional life [ 30 ]. In our study, the PDs provide a realistic context by simulating scenarios where medical students are required to discuss and present complex medical topics in a professional setting, mirroring the types of interactions they will encounter in their future careers.

The task of participating in PDs also involves cognitive challenge, as students are required to think critically about complex medical topics, analyze information, and communicate their findings effectively. This type of task aims to generate processes of problem-solving, application of knowledge, and decision-making that correspond to the development of cognitive and metacognitive skills [ 23 ]. For medical students, these skills are crucial in developing clinical reasoning and effective patient communication. The PDs encourage students to go beyond the textual reproduction of fragmented and low-order content and move towards understanding, establishing relationships between new ideas and previous knowledge, linking theoretical concepts with everyday experience, deriving conclusions from the analysis of data, and examining both the logic of the arguments present in the theory and its practical scope [ 24 , 25 , 27 ].

Furthermore, the evaluative judgment aspect of our study is critical in helping students develop criteria and standards about what a good performance means in medical communication. This involves students judging their own performance and regulating their own learning [ 31 ]. In the context of panel discussions, students reflect on their own work, compare it with desired standards, and seek feedback from peers and instructors. By doing so, students can develop a sense of what constitutes good performance in medical communication and what areas need improvement [ 32 ]. Boud, Lawson and Thompson [ 33 ] argue that students need to build a precise judgment about the quality of their work and calibrate these judgments in the light of evidence. This skill is particularly important for future medical professionals who will need to continually assess and improve their communication skills throughout their careers.

The theoretical framework presented above highlights the importance of authentic learning experiences in medical education. By drawing on the benefits of group work and panel discussions, university instructor-researchers aimed to provide medical students with a unique opportunity to engage with complex cases and develop their communication and collaboration skills. As noted by Suryanarayana [ 34 ], authentic learning experiences can lead to deeper learning and improved retention. Considering the advantages of group work in promoting collaborative problem-solving and language development, the instructor-researchers designed a panel discussion task that simulates real-world scenarios, where students can work together to analyze complex cases, share knowledge, and present their findings to a simulated audience.

While previous studies have highlighted the benefits of interactive learning experiences and critical thinking skills in medical education, a research gap remains in understanding how medical students perceive the relevance of PDs in ESP courses. This study aims to address this gap by investigating medical students’ perceptions of PD tasks in ESP courses and how these perceptions relate to their language proficiency, critical thinking skills, and ability to communicate effectively with diverse stakeholders in the medical field. This understanding can inform best practices in medical education, contributing to the development of more effective communication skills for future healthcare professionals worldwide [ 23 ]. The research questions guiding this study are:

What are the perceived advantages of PDs from the perspectives of panelists and the audience?

What are the perceived disadvantages of PDs from the perspectives of panelists and the audience?

How can PDs be improved for panelists and the audience based on the insights of ESP instructors?

Methodology

Aim and design.

For this study, a two-phase qualitative design was employed to gain an understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of PDs from the perspectives of both student panelists and the audience (Phase 1) and to acquire an in-depth understanding of the suggested strategies provided by experts to enhance PPs for future students (Phase 2).

Participants and context of the study

This study was conducted in two phases (Fig.  1 ) at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS), Shiraz, Iran.

Participants of the study in two phases

In the first phase, the student participants were 46 non-native speakers of English and international students who studied medicine at SUMS. Their demographic characteristics can be seen in Table  1 .

These students were purposefully selected because they were the only SUMS international students who had taken the ESP (English for Specific Purposes) course. The number of international students attending SUMS is indeed limited. Each year, a different batch of international students joins the university. They progress through a sequence of English courses, starting with General English 1 and 2, followed by the ESP course, and concluding with academic writing. At the time of data collection, the students included in the study were the only international students enrolled in the ESP course. This mandatory 3-unit course is designed to enhance their language and communication skills specifically tailored to their profession. As a part of the Medicine major curriculum, this course aims to improve their English language proficiency in areas relevant to medicine, such as understanding medical terminology, comprehending original medicine texts, discussing clinical cases, and communicating with patients, colleagues, and other healthcare professionals.

Throughout the course, students engage in various interactive activities, such as group discussions, role-playing exercises, and case studies, to develop their practical communication skills. In this course, medical students receive four marks out of 20 for their oral presentations, while the remaining marks are allocated to their written midterm and final exams. From the beginning of the course, they are briefed about PDs, and they are shown two YouTube-downloaded videos about PDs at medical conferences, a popular format for discussing and sharing knowledge, research findings, and expert opinions on various medical topics.

For the second phase of the study, a specific group of participants was purposefully selected. This group consisted of three faculty members from SUMS English department who had extensive experience attending numerous conferences at national and international levels, particularly in the medical field, as well as working as translators and interpreters in medical congresses. Over the course of ten years, they also gained considerable experience in PDs. They were invited to discuss strategies helpful for medical students with PDs.

Panel discussion activity design and implementation

When preparing for a PD session, medical students received comprehensive guidance on understanding the roles and responsibilities of each panel member. This guidance was aimed at ensuring that each participant was well-prepared and understood their specific role in the discussion.

Moderators should play a crucial role in steering the conversation. They are responsible for ensuring that all panelists have an opportunity to contribute and that the audience is engaged effectively. Specific tasks include preparing opening remarks, introducing panelists, and crafting transition questions to facilitate smooth topic transitions. The moderators should also manage the time to ensure balanced participation and encourage active audience involvement.

Panelists are expected to be subject matter experts who bring valuable insights and opinions to the discussion. They are advised to conduct thorough research on the topic and prepare concise talking points. Panelists are encouraged to draw from their medical knowledge and relevant experiences, share evidence-based information, and engage with other panelists’ points through active listening and thoughtful responses.

The audience plays an active role in the PDs. They are encouraged to participate by asking questions, sharing relevant experiences, and contributing to the dialogue. To facilitate this, students are advised to take notes during the discussion and think of questions or comments they can contribute during the Q&A segment.

For this special course, medical students were advised to choose topics either from their ESP textbook or consider current medical trends, emerging research, and pressing issues in their field. Examples included breast cancer, COVID-19, and controversies in gene therapy. The selection process involved brainstorming sessions and consultation with the course instructor to ensure relevance and appropriateness.

To accommodate the PD sessions within the course structure, students were allowed to start their PD sessions voluntarily from the second week. However, to maintain a balance between peer-led discussions and regular course content, only one PD was held weekly. This approach enabled the ESP lecturer to deliver comprehensive content while also allowing students to engage in these interactive sessions.

A basic time structure was suggested for each PD (Fig.  2 ):

Time allocation for panel discussion stages in minutes

To ensure the smooth running of the course and maintain momentum, students were informed that they could cancel their PD session only once. In such cases, they were required to notify the lecturer and other students via the class Telegram channel to facilitate rescheduling and minimize disruptions. This provision was essential in promoting a sense of community among students and maintaining the course’s continuity.

Research tools and data collection

The study utilized various tools to gather and analyze data from participants and experts, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of the research topic.

Reflection papers

In Phase 1 of the study, 46 medical students detailed their perceptions of the advantages and disadvantages of panel discussions from dual perspectives: as panelists (presenters) and as audience members (peers).

Participants were given clear instructions and a 45-minute time frame to complete the reflection task. With approximately 80% of the international language students being native English speakers and the rest fluent in English, the researchers deemed this time allocation reasonable. The questions and instructions were straightforward, facilitating quick comprehension. It was estimated that native English speakers would need about 30 min to complete the task, while non-native speakers might require an extra 15 min for clarity and expression. This time frame aimed to allow students to respond thoughtfully without feeling rushed. Additionally, students could request more time if needed.

Focus group discussion

In phase 2 of the study, a focus group discussion was conducted with three expert participants. The purpose of the focus group was to gather insights from expert participants, specifically ESP (English for Specific Purposes) instructors, on how presentation dynamics can be improved for both panelists and the audience.

According to Colton and Covert [ 35 ], focus groups are useful for obtaining detailed input from experts. The appropriate size of a focus group is determined by the study’s scope and available resources [ 36 ]. Morgan [ 37 ] suggests that small focus groups are suitable for complex topics where specialist participants might feel frustrated if not allowed to express themselves fully.

The choice of a focus group over individual interviews was based on several factors. First, the exploratory nature of the study made focus groups ideal for interactive discussions, generating new ideas and in-depth insights [ 36 ]. Second, while focus groups usually involve larger groups, they can effectively accommodate a limited number of experts with extensive knowledge [ 37 ]. Third, the focus group format fostered a more open environment for idea exchange, allowing participants to engage dynamically [ 36 ]. Lastly, conducting a focus group was more time- and resource-efficient than scheduling three separate interviews [ 36 ].

Data analysis

The first phase of the study involved a thorough examination of the data related to the research inquiries using thematic analysis. This method was chosen for its effectiveness in uncovering latent patterns from a bottom-up perspective, facilitating a comprehensive understanding of complex educational phenomena [ 38 ]. The researchers first familiarized themselves with the data by repeatedly reviewing the reflection papers written by the medical students. Next, an initial round of coding was independently conducted to identify significant data segments and generate preliminary codes that reflected the students’ perceptions of the advantages and disadvantages of presentation dynamics PDs from both the presenter and audience viewpoints [ 38 ].

The analysis of the reflection papers began with the two researchers coding a subset of five papers independently, adhering to a structured qualitative coding protocol [ 39 ]. They convened afterward to compare their initial codes and address any discrepancies. Through discussion, they reached an agreement on the codes, which were then analyzed, organized into categories and themes, and the frequency of each code was recorded [ 38 ].

After coding the initial five papers, the researchers continued to code the remaining 41 reflection paper transcripts in batches of ten, meeting after each batch to review their coding, resolve any inconsistencies, and refine the coding framework as needed. This iterative process, characterized by independent coding, joint reviews, and consensus-building, helped the researchers establish a robust and reliable coding approach consistently applied to the complete dataset [ 40 ]. Once all 46 reflection paper transcripts were coded, the researchers conducted a final review and discussion to ensure accurate analysis. They extracted relevant excerpts corresponding to the identified themes and sub-themes from the transcripts to provide detailed explanations and support for their findings [ 38 ]. This multi-step approach of separate initial coding, collaborative review, and frequency analysis enhanced the credibility and transparency of the qualitative data analysis.

To ensure the trustworthiness of the data collected in this study, the researchers adhered to the Guba and Lincoln standards of scientific accuracy in qualitative research, which encompass credibility, confirmability, dependability, and transferability [ 41 ] (Table  2 ).

The analysis of the focus group data obtained from experts followed the same rigorous procedure applied to the student participants’ data. Thematic analysis was employed to examine the experts’ perspectives, maintaining consistency in the analytical approach across both phases of the study. The researchers familiarized themselves with the focus group transcript, conducted independent preliminary coding, and then collaboratively refined the codes. These codes were subsequently organized into categories and themes, with the frequency of each code recorded. The researchers engaged in thorough discussions to ensure agreement on the final themes and sub-themes. Relevant excerpts from the focus group transcript were extracted to provide rich, detailed explanations of each theme, thereby ensuring a comprehensive and accurate analysis of the experts’ insights.

1. What are the advantages of PDs from the perspective of panelists and the audience?

The analysis of the advantages of PDs from the perspectives of both panelists and audience members revealed several key themes and categories. Tables  2 and 3 present the frequency and percentage of responses for each code within these categories.

From the panelists’ perspective (Table  3 ), the overarching theme was “Personal and Professional Development.” The most frequently reported advantage was knowledge sharing (93.5%), followed closely by increased confidence (91.3%) and the importance of interaction in presentations (91.3%).

Notably, all categories within this theme had at least one code mentioned by over 80% of participants, indicating a broad range of perceived benefits. The category of “Effective teamwork and communication” was particularly prominent, with collaboration (89.1%) and knowledge sharing (93.5%) being among the most frequently cited advantages. This suggests that PDs are perceived as valuable tools for fostering interpersonal skills and collective learning. In the “Language mastery” category, increased confidence (91.3%) and better retention of key concepts (87.0%) were highlighted, indicating that PDs are seen as effective for both language and content learning.

The audience perspective (Table  4 ), encapsulated under the theme “Enriching Learning Experience,” showed similarly high frequencies across all categories.

The most frequently mentioned advantage was exposure to diverse speakers (93.5%), closely followed by the range of topics covered (91.3%) and increased audience interest (91.3%). The “Broadening perspectives” category was particularly rich, with all codes mentioned by over 70% of participants. This suggests that audience members perceive PDs as valuable opportunities for expanding their knowledge and viewpoints. In the “Language practice” category, the opportunity to practice language skills (89.1%) was the most frequently cited advantage, indicating that even as audience members, students perceive significant language learning benefits.

Comparing the two perspectives reveals several interesting patterns:

High overall engagement: Both panelists and audience members reported high frequencies across all categories, suggesting that PDs are perceived as beneficial regardless of the role played.

Language benefits: While panelists emphasized increased confidence (91.3%) and better retention of concepts (87.0%), audience members highlighted opportunities for language practice (89.1%). This indicates that PDs offer complementary language learning benefits for both roles.

Interactive learning: The importance of interaction was highly rated by panelists (91.3%), while increased audience interest was similarly valued by the audience (91.3%). This suggests that PDs are perceived as an engaging, interactive learning method from both perspectives.

Professional development: Panelists uniquely emphasized professional growth aspects such as experiential learning (84.8%) and real-world application (80.4%). These were not directly mirrored in the audience perspective, suggesting that active participation in PDs may offer additional professional development benefits.

Broadening horizons: Both groups highly valued the diversity aspect of PDs. Panelists appreciated diversity and open-mindedness (80.4%), while audience members valued diverse speakers (93.5%) and a range of topics (91.3%).

2. What are the disadvantages of PDs from the perspective of panelists and the audience?

The analysis of the disadvantages of panel discussions (PDs) from the perspectives of both panelists and audience members revealed several key themes and categories. Tables  4 and 5 present the frequency and percentage of responses for each code within these categories.

From the panelists’ perspective (Table  5 ), the theme “Drawbacks of PDs” was divided into two main categories: “Academic Workload Challenges” and “Coordination Challenges.” The most frequently reported disadvantage was long preparation (87.0%), followed by significant practice needed (82.6%) and the time-consuming nature of PDs (80.4%). These findings suggest that the primary concern for panelists is the additional workload that PDs impose on their already demanding academic schedules. The “Coordination Challenges” category, while less prominent than workload issues, still presented significant concerns. Diverse panel skills (78.3%) and finding suitable panelists (73.9%) were the most frequently cited issues in this category, indicating that team dynamics and composition are notable challenges for panelists.

The audience perspective (Table  6 ), encapsulated under the theme “Drawbacks of PDs,” was divided into two main categories: “Time-related Issues” and “Interaction and Engagement Issues.” In the “Time-related Issues” category, the most frequently mentioned disadvantage was the inefficient use of time (65.2%), followed by the perception of PDs as too long and boring (60.9%). Notably, 56.5% of respondents found PDs stressful due to overwhelming workload from other studies, and 52.2% considered them not very useful during exam time. The “Interaction and Engagement Issues” category revealed more diverse concerns. The most frequently mentioned disadvantage was the repetitive format (82.6%), followed by limited engagement with the audience (78.3%) and the perception of PDs as boring (73.9%). The audience also noted issues related to the panelists’ preparation and coordination, such as “Not practiced and natural” (67.4%) and “Coordination and Interaction Issues” (71.7%), suggesting that the challenges faced by panelists directly impact the audience’s experience.

Workload concerns: Both panelists and audience members highlighted time-related issues. For panelists, this manifested as long preparation times (87.0%) and difficulty balancing with other studies (76.1%). For the audience, it appeared as perceptions of inefficient use of time (65.2%) and stress due to overwhelming workload from other studies (56.5%).

Engagement issues: While panelists focused on preparation and coordination challenges, the audience emphasized the quality of the discussion and engagement. This suggests a potential mismatch between the efforts of panelists and the expectations of the audience.

Boredom and repetition: The audience frequently mentioned boredom (73.9%) and repetitive format (82.6%) as issues, which weren’t directly mirrored in the panelists’ responses. This indicates that while panelists may be focused on content preparation, the audience is more concerned with the delivery and variety of the presentation format.

Coordination challenges: Both groups noted coordination issues, but from different perspectives. Panelists struggled with team dynamics and finding suitable co-presenters, while the audience observed these challenges manifesting as unnatural or unpracticed presentations.

Academic pressure: Both groups acknowledged the strain PDs put on their academic lives, with panelists viewing it as a burden (65.2%) and the audience finding it less useful during exam times (52.2%).

3. How can PDs be improved for panelists and the audience from the experts’ point of view?

The presentation of data for this research question differs from the previous two due to the unique nature of the information gathered. Unlike the quantifiable student responses in earlier questions, this data stems from expert opinions and a reflection discussion session, focusing on qualitative recommendations for improvement rather than frequency of responses (Braun & Clarke, 2006). The complexity and interconnectedness of expert suggestions, coupled with the integration of supporting literature, necessitate a more narrative approach (Creswell & Poth, 2018). This format allows for a richer exploration of the context behind each recommendation and its potential implications (Patton, 2015). Furthermore, the exploratory nature of this question, aimed at generating ideas for improvement rather than measuring prevalence of opinions, is better served by a detailed, descriptive presentation (Merriam & Tisdell, 2016). This approach enables a more nuanced understanding of how PDs can be enhanced, aligning closely with the “how” nature of the research question and providing valuable insights for potential implementation (Yin, 2018).

The experts provided several suggestions to address the challenges faced by students in panel discussions (PDs) and improve the experience for both panelists and the audience. Their recommendations focused on six key areas: time management and workload, preparation and skill development, engagement and interactivity, technological integration, collaboration and communication, and institutional support.

To address the issue of time management and heavy workload, one expert suggested teaching students to “ break down the task to tackle the time-consuming nature of panel discussions and balance it with other studies .” This approach aims to help students manage the extensive preparation time required for PDs without compromising their other academic responsibilities. Another expert emphasized “ enhancing medical students’ abilities to prioritize tasks , allocate resources efficiently , and optimize their workflow to achieve their goals effectively .” These skills were seen as crucial not only for PD preparation but also for overall academic success and future professional practice.

Recognizing the challenges of long preparation times and the perception of PDs being burdensome, an expert proposed “ the implementation of interactive training sessions for panelists .” These sessions were suggested to enhance coordination skills and improve the ability of group presenters to engage with the audience effectively. The expert emphasized that such training could help students view PDs as valuable learning experiences rather than additional burdens, potentially increasing their motivation and engagement in the process.

To combat issues of limited engagement and perceived boredom, experts recommended increasing engagement opportunities for the audience through interactive elements like audience participation and group discussions. They suggested that this could transform PDs from passive listening experiences to active learning opportunities. One expert suggested “ optimizing time management and restructuring the format of panel discussions ” to address inefficiency during sessions. This restructuring could involve shorter presentation segments interspersed with interactive elements to maintain audience attention and engagement.

An innovative solution proposed by one expert was “ using ChatGPT to prepare for PDs by streamlining scenario presentation preparation and role allocation. ” The experts collectively discussed the potential of AI to assist medical students in reducing their workload and saving time in preparing scenario presentations and allocating roles in panel discussions. They noted that AI could help generate initial content drafts, suggest role distributions based on individual strengths, and even provide practice questions for panelists, significantly reducing preparation time while maintaining quality.

Two experts emphasized the importance of enhancing collaboration and communication among panelists to address issues related to diverse panel skills and coordination challenges. They suggested establishing clear communication channels and guidelines to improve coordination and ensure a cohesive presentation. This could involve creating structured team roles, setting clear expectations for each panelist, and implementing regular check-ins during the preparation process to ensure all team members are aligned and progressing.

All experts were in agreement that improving PDs would not be possible “ if nothing is done by the university administration to reduce the ESP class size for international students .” They believed that large class sizes in ESP or EFL classes could negatively influence group oral presentations, hindering language development and leading to uneven participation. The experts suggested that smaller class sizes would allow for more individualized attention, increased speaking opportunities for each student, and more effective feedback mechanisms, all of which are crucial for developing strong presentation skills in a second language.

Research question 1: what are the advantages of PDs from the perspective of panelists and the audience?

The results of this study reveal significant advantages of PDs for both panelists and audience members in the context of medical education. These findings align with and expand upon previous research in the field of educational presentations and language learning.

Personal and professional development for panelists

The high frequency of reported benefits in the “Personal and Professional Development” theme for panelists aligns with several previous studies. The emphasis on language mastery, particularly increased confidence (91.3%) and better retention of key concepts (87.0%), supports the findings of Hartono, Mujiyanto [ 42 ], Gedamu and Gezahegn [ 15 ], Li [ 43 ], who all highlighted the importance of language practice in English oral presentations. However, our results show a more comprehensive range of benefits, including professional growth aspects like experiential learning (84.8%) and real-world application (80.4%), which were not as prominently featured in these earlier studies.

Interestingly, our findings partially contrast with Chou [ 44 ] study, which found that while group oral presentations had the greatest influence on improving students’ speaking ability, individual presentations led to more frequent use of metacognitive, retrieval, and rehearsal strategies. Our results suggest that PDs, despite being group activities, still provide significant benefits in these areas, possibly due to the collaborative nature of preparation and the individual responsibility each panelist bears. The high frequency of knowledge sharing (93.5%) and collaboration (89.1%) in our study supports Harris, Jones and Huffman [ 45 ] emphasis on the importance of group dynamics and varied perspectives in educational settings. However, our study provides more quantitative evidence for these benefits in the specific context of PDs.

Enriching learning experience for the audience

The audience perspective in our study reveals a rich learning experience, with high frequencies across all categories. This aligns with Agustina [ 46 ] findings in business English classes, where presentations led to improvements in all four language skills. However, our study extends these findings by demonstrating that even passive participation as an audience member can lead to significant perceived benefits in language practice (89.1%) and broadening perspectives (93.5% for diverse speakers). The high value placed on diverse speakers (93.5%) and range of topics (91.3%) by the audience supports the notion of PDs as a tool for expanding knowledge and viewpoints. This aligns with the concept of situated learning experiences leading to deeper understanding in EFL classes, as suggested by Li [ 43 ] and others [ 18 , 31 ]. However, our study provides more specific evidence for how this occurs in the context of PDs.

Interactive learning and engagement

Both panelists and audience members in our study highly valued the interactive aspects of PDs, with the importance of interaction rated at 91.3% by panelists and increased audience interest at 91.3% by the audience. This strong emphasis on interactivity aligns with Azizi and Farid Khafaga [ 19 ] study on the benefits of dynamic assessment and dialogic learning contexts. However, our study provides more detailed insights into how this interactivity is perceived and valued by both presenters and audience members in PDs.

Professional growth and real-world application

The emphasis on professional growth through PDs, particularly for panelists, supports Li’s [ 43 ] assertion about the power of oral presentations as situated learning experiences. Our findings provide more specific evidence for how PDs contribute to professional development, with high frequencies reported for experiential learning (84.8%) and real-world application (80.4%). This suggests that PDs may be particularly effective in bridging the gap between academic learning and professional practice in medical education.

Research question 2: what are the disadvantages of pds from the perspective of panelists and the audience?

Academic workload challenges for panelists.

The high frequency of reported challenges in the “Academic Workload Challenges” category for panelists aligns with several previous studies in medical education [ 47 , 48 , 49 ]. The emphasis on long preparation (87.0%), significant practice needed (82.6%), and the time-consuming nature of PDs (80.4%) supports the findings of Johnson et al. [ 24 ], who noted that while learners appreciate debate-style journal clubs in health professional education, they require additional time commitment. This is further corroborated by Nowak, Speed and Vuk [ 50 ], who found that intensive learning activities in medical education, while beneficial, can be time-consuming for students.

Perceived value of pds relative to time investment

While a significant portion of the audience (65.2%) perceived PDs as an inefficient use of time, the high frequency of engagement-related concerns (82.6% for repetitive format, 78.3% for limited engagement) suggests that the perceived lack of value may be more closely tied to the quality of the experience rather than just the time investment. This aligns with Dyhrberg O’Neill [ 27 ] findings on debate-based oral exams, where students perceived value despite the time-intensive nature of the activity. However, our results indicate a more pronounced concern about the return on time investment in PDs. This discrepancy might be addressed through innovative approaches to PD design and implementation, such as those proposed by Almazyad et al. [ 22 ], who suggested using AI tools to enhance expert panel discussions and potentially improve efficiency.

Coordination challenges for panelists

The challenges related to coordination in medical education, such as diverse panel skills (78.3%) and finding suitable panelists (73.9%), align with previous research on teamwork in higher education [ 21 ]. Our findings support the concept of the free-rider effect discussed by Hall and Buzwell [ 21 ], who explored reasons for non-contribution in group projects beyond social loafing. This is further elaborated by Mehmood, Memon and Ali [ 51 ], who proposed that individuals may not contribute their fair share due to various factors including poor communication skills or language barriers, which is particularly relevant in medical education where clear communication is crucial [ 52 ]. Comparing our results to other collaborative learning contexts in medical education, Rodríguez-Sedano, Conde and Fernández-Llamas [ 53 ] measured teamwork competence development in a multidisciplinary project-based learning environment. They found that while teamwork skills improved over time, initial coordination challenges were significant. This aligns with our findings on the difficulties of coordinating diverse panel skills and opinions in medical education settings.

Our results also resonate with Chou’s [ 44 ] study comparing group and individual oral presentations, which found that group presenters often had a limited understanding of the overall content. This is supported by Wilson, Ho and Brookes [ 54 ], who examined student perceptions of teamwork in undergraduate science degrees, highlighting the challenges and benefits of collaborative work, which are equally applicable in medical education [ 52 ].

Quality of discussions and perception for the audience

The audience perspective in our study reveals significant concerns about the quality and engagement of PDs in medical education. The high frequency of issues such as repetitive format (82.6%) and limited engagement with the audience (78.3%) aligns with Parmar and Bickmore [ 55 ] findings on the importance of addressing individual audience members and gathering feedback. This is further supported by Nurakhir et al. [ 25 ], who explored students’ views on classroom debates as a strategy to enhance critical thinking and oral communication skills in nursing education, which shares similarities with medical education. Comparing our results to other interactive learning methods in medical education, Jones et al. [ 26 ] reviewed the use of journal clubs and book clubs in pharmacy education. They found that while these methods enhanced engagement, they also faced challenges in maintaining student interest over time, similar to the boredom issues reported in our study of PDs in medical education. The perception of PDs as boring (73.9%) and not very useful during exam time (52.2%) supports previous research on the stress and pressure experienced by medical students [ 48 , 49 ]. Grieve et al. [ 20 ] specifically examined student fears of oral presentations and public speaking in higher education, which provides context for the anxiety and disengagement observed in our study of medical education. Interestingly, Bhuvaneshwari et al. [ 23 ] found positive impacts of panel discussions in educating medical students on specific modules. This contrasts with our findings and suggests that the effectiveness of PDs in medical education may vary depending on the specific context and implementation.

Comparative analysis and future directions

Our study provides a unique comparative analysis of the challenges faced by both panelists and audience members in medical education. The alignment of concerns around workload and time management between the two groups suggests that these are overarching issues in the implementation of PDs in medical curricula. This is consistent with the findings of Pasandín et al. [ 56 ], who examined cooperative oral presentations in higher education and their impact on both technical and soft skills, which are crucial in medical education [ 52 ]. The mismatch between panelist efforts and audience expectations revealed in our study is a novel finding that warrants further investigation in medical education. This disparity could be related to the self-efficacy beliefs of presenters, as explored by Gedamu and Gezahegn [ 15 ] in their study of TEFL trainees’ attitudes towards academic oral presentations, which may have parallels in medical education. Looking forward, innovative approaches could address some of the challenges identified in medical education. Almazyad et al. [ 22 ] proposed using AI tools like ChatGPT to enhance expert panel discussions in pediatric palliative care, which could potentially address some of the preparation and engagement issues identified in our study of medical education. Additionally, Ragupathi and Lee [ 57 ] discussed the role of rubrics in higher education, which could provide clearer expectations and feedback for both panelists and audience members in PDs within medical education.

Research question 3: how can PDs be improved for panelists and the audience from the experts’ point of view?

The expert suggestions for improving PDs address several key challenges identified in previous research on academic presentations and student workload management. These recommendations align with current trends in educational technology and pedagogical approaches, while also considering the unique needs of medical students.

The emphasis on time management and workload reduction strategies echoes findings from previous studies on medical student stress and academic performance. Nowak, Speed and Vuk [ 50 ] found that medical students often struggle with the fast-paced nature of their courses, which can lead to reduced motivation and superficial learning approaches. The experts’ suggestions for task breakdown and prioritization align with Rabbi and Islam [ 58 ] recommendations for reducing workload stress through effective assignment prioritization. Additionally, Popa et al. [ 59 ] highlight the importance of acceptance and planning in stress management for medical students, supporting the experts’ focus on these areas.

The proposed implementation of interactive training sessions for panelists addresses the need for enhanced presentation skills in professional contexts, a concern highlighted by several researchers [ 17 , 60 ]. This aligns with Grieve et al. [ 20 ] findings on student fears of oral presentations and public speaking in higher education, emphasizing the need for targeted training. The focus on interactive elements and audience engagement also reflects current trends in active learning pedagogies, as demonstrated by Pasandín et al. [ 56 ] in their study on cooperative oral presentations in engineering education.

The innovative suggestion to use AI tools like ChatGPT for PD preparation represents a novel approach to leveraging technology in education. This aligns with recent research on the potential of AI in scientific research, such as the study by Almazyad et al. [ 22 ], which highlighted the benefits of AI in supporting various educational tasks. However, it is important to consider potential ethical implications and ensure that AI use complements rather than replaces critical thinking and creativity.

The experts’ emphasis on enhancing collaboration and communication among panelists addresses issues identified in previous research on teamwork in higher education. Rodríguez-Sedano, Conde and Fernández-Llamas [ 53 ] noted the importance of measuring teamwork competence development in project-based learning environments. The suggested strategies for improving coordination align with best practices in collaborative learning, as demonstrated by Romero-Yesa et al. [ 61 ] in their qualitative assessment of challenge-based learning and teamwork in electronics programs.

The unanimous agreement on the need to reduce ESP class sizes for international students reflects ongoing concerns about the impact of large classes on language learning and student engagement. This aligns with research by Li [ 3 ] on issues in developing EFL learners’ oral English communication skills. Bosco et al. [ 62 ] further highlight the challenges of teaching and learning ESP in mixed classes, supporting the experts’ recommendation for smaller class sizes. Qiao, Xu and bin Ahmad [ 63 ] also emphasize the implementation challenges for ESP formative assessment in large classes, further justifying the need for reduced class sizes.

These expert recommendations provide a comprehensive approach to improving PDs, addressing not only the immediate challenges of preparation and delivery but also broader issues of student engagement, workload management, and institutional support. By implementing these suggestions, universities could potentially transform PDs from perceived burdens into valuable learning experiences that enhance both academic and professional skills. This aligns with Kho and Ting [ 64 ] systematic review on overcoming oral presentation anxiety among tertiary ESL/EFL students, which emphasizes the importance of addressing both challenges and strategies in improving presentation skills.

This study has shed light on the complex challenges associated with PDs in medical education, revealing a nuanced interplay between the experiences of panelists and audience members. The findings underscore the need for a holistic approach to implementing PDs that addresses both the academic workload concerns and the quality of engagement.

Our findings both support and extend previous research on the challenges of oral presentations and group work in medical education settings. The high frequencies of perceived challenges across multiple categories for both panelists and audience members suggest that while PDs may offer benefits, they also present significant obstacles that need to be addressed in medical education. These results highlight the need for careful consideration in the implementation of PDs in medical education, with particular attention to workload management, coordination strategies, and audience engagement techniques. Future research could focus on developing and testing interventions to mitigate these challenges while preserving the potential benefits of PDs in medical education.

Moving forward, medical educators should consider innovative approaches to mitigate these challenges. This may include:

Integrating time management and stress coping strategies into the PD preparation process [ 59 ].

Exploring the use of AI tools to streamline preparation and enhance engagement [ 22 ].

Developing clear rubrics and expectations for both panelists and audience members [ 57 ].

Incorporating interactive elements to maintain audience interest and participation [ 25 ].

Limitations and future research

One limitation of this study is that it focused on a specific population of medical students, which may limit the generalizability of the findings to other student populations. Additionally, the study relied on self-report data from panelists and audience members, which may introduce bias and affect the validity of the results. Future research could explore the effectiveness of PDs in different educational contexts and student populations to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the benefits and challenges of panel discussions.

Future research should focus on evaluating the effectiveness of these interventions and exploring how PDs can be tailored to the unique demands of medical education. By addressing the identified challenges, PDs have the potential to become a more valuable and engaging component of medical curricula, fostering both academic and professional development. Ultimately, the goal should be to transform PDs from perceived burdens into opportunities for meaningful learning and skill development, aligning with the evolving needs of medical education in the 21st century.

Future research could also examine the long-term impact of PDs on panelists’ language skills, teamwork, and communication abilities. Additionally, exploring the effectiveness of different training methods and tools, such as AI technology, in improving coordination skills and reducing workload stress for panelists could provide valuable insights for educators and administrators. Further research could also investigate the role of class size and audience engagement in enhancing the overall effectiveness of PDs in higher education settings. By addressing these gaps in the literature, future research can contribute to the ongoing development and improvement of PDs as a valuable learning tool for students in higher education.

However, it is important to note that implementing these changes may require significant institutional resources and a shift in pedagogical approaches. Future research could focus on piloting these recommendations and evaluating their effectiveness in improving student outcomes and experiences with PDs.

Data availability

We confirm that the data supporting the findings are available within this article. Raw data supporting this study’s findings are available from the corresponding author, upon request.

Abbreviations

Artificial Intelligence

English as a Foreign Language

English for Specific Purposes

Panel Discussion

Shiraz University of Medical Sciences

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L.KH was involved in writing the proposal, reviewing the text, analyzing the data, and writing the manuscript. E. N was involvedin designing the research and collecting and analyzing the data. Both authors have reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Our study, entitled “Evaluating Panel Discussions in ESP Classes: An Exploration of International Medical Students’ and ESP Instructors’ Perspectives through Qualitative Research,” was reviewed by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS). The IRB reviewed the study on August 14th, 2024, and determined that formal ethics approval or a reference number was not required. This decision was based on the fact that the research posed minimal risk to participants and focused solely on their educational experiences without involving any intervention or the collection of sensitive personal data.

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Nasiri, E., Khojasteh, L. Evaluating panel discussions in ESP classes: an exploration of international medical students’ and ESP instructors’ perspectives through qualitative research. BMC Med Educ 24 , 925 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-024-05911-3

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