human rights phd london

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Human Rights PhD

Key information.

• 1st   in the world for Development Studies   (QS World University Rankings by Subject 2024)

Our PhD in Human Rights is radically interdisciplinary, spanning the social sciences and humanities. As a doctoral researcher, you’ll have the opportunity to undertake research in human rights beyond a narrow legal approach. You’ll:

• be co-supervised by faculty with expertise in a wide range of areas, from social sciences to humanities and to law
• benefit from our strong international networks for research and collaboration
• be a part of the doctoral and early career researcher community affiliated with the Centre for Rights, Reparations and Anti-Colonial Justice , and participate in the research-in-progress seminars and other events of the Centre.

Areas of study

Our areas of expertise and supervision include:

• human rights in international politics and global political economy, including foreign policy
• social movements, including labour, religious, indigenous, anti-colonial and rebel politics
• poverty, exploitation and dispossession
• racism, colonialism, anti-colonial mobilisations and anti-racism
• gender and sexuality
• race, indigeneity and ethnicity
• migration, asylum and refugeehood
• historical and contemporary forms of violence, including genocide and ethnic cleansing
• issues of identity and difference
• globalisation, development and climate change
• regional and global governance, as well as international and non-governmental organisations
• theories and philosophies of human rights, including of protection, obligation, responsibility and remedy
• theories and histories of the human and subject of rights
• business and human rights, including corruption and corporate obligations
• transitional and reparative justice
• ethical theories of human rights
• rule of law and post-conflict reconstruction.

We understand that deciding where and what to study is a very important decision. We’ll make all reasonable efforts to provide you with the courses, services and facilities described in this prospectus. However, if we need to make material changes, for example due to government or regulatory requirements, or unanticipated staff changes, we’ll let you know as soon as possible.

Masters and P h D events

Meet us on campus or online

Book your place

Entry requirements

• UK requirements
• International requirements

Degree requirements

You’re normally expected to have a Merit (an average of 60% of overall) in a Masters degree and an upper second-class (2.1) undergraduate honours degree.

Subject-specific requirements

Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found

Please select your country from the list.

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Licenciado/Titulo with a final mark of at least 7.5-8.5 depending on your university.
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Bachelors degree with second-class upper division.
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Magistr or Specialist Diploma with an average mark of at least 4 or 81%
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Bachelors degree with CGPA 3.0/4.0 (Grade B).
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	A 4-year Bachelor degree with GPA of at least 3.3/4.0
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Bacharel, Licenciado or professional title with a final mark of at least 7.5 or 8 depending on your university.
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Bachelors (Honours) degree with second class upper division or CGPA 3.1/4.0.
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Bachelors degree with CGPA 3.3/4.0 (grade B+).
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Licenciado with a final mark of at least 5-5.5/7 depending on your university.
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Bachelors degree with an overall mark of at least 72%-85% depending on your university. Sussex uses the Shanghai Best Chinese Universities Ranking to inform offer levels.   As evidence of completing your degree you must provide both a Degree Certificate and Graduation Certificate.
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Licenciado with ‘Acreditacion de alta calidad' and a CGPA of 3.5.
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Bachelors degree or Ptychion with a final mark of at least 7.5.
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Bachelors degree with an overall mark of at least 7 (Good Performance).
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Licenciado with a final mark of at least 17/20.
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Bachelors degree from a university with an overall grade of at least 70-75% depending on your university.
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Licence with mention bien or Maîtrise with a final mark of at least 13.
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Bachelors degree or Magister Artium with a final mark of 2.4 or better.
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Bachelors degree from a public university with second-class upper division.
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Ptychion from an AEI with a final mark of at least 7.
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Bachelors (Honours) degree with second-class upper division.
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Bachelors degree with an overall mark of at least 55-70% depending on your university.
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Bachelors degree from an 'A' accredited university with CGPA 3.0/4.0. Bachelors degree from a 'B' accredited university with CGPA 3.2/4.0.
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Bachelors degree (Licence or Karshenasi) with a final mark of at least 15.
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Diploma di Laurea with an overall mark of at least 105.
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Bachelors degree with a minimum C/GPA of at least 3.0/4.0 or equivalent.
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Bachelors degree with a CGPA of at least 3.0/4.0 or 80%.
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Bachelors degree with an overall mark of 4 or better (on a scale of 1-5)/CGPA 3,33.
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Bachelors (Honours) degree with a second-class upper division.
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Bachelors degree with a CGPA of at least 3.0/4.0 or B+.
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Bachelors degree with a CGPA 3.5/4.0 or 14/20.
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Masters degree, depending on your university.
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Bachelors degree with a CGPA of at least 3.0/4.0.
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Licenciado with a final mark of at least 8/10.
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Bachelors degree with a second-class upper division or CGPA of at least 3.0-3.49/4.0, 3.5-4.49/5.0 or 4.6-5.9/7.0
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Bachelors degree with an overall grade of B.
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Bachelors degree with a CGPA of at least 3.3/4.0.
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Four-year Bachelors degree with an overall mark of at least 65%-70% or CGPA 2.6 - 2.8 depending on your university.  Masters degree following a 3-year Bachelors degree with an overall mark of at least 65%-70% or CGPA 2.6 - 2.8 depending on your university.
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Bachelors degree with at least 80% or CGPA of at least 3.0/4.0
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Bachelors with a final mark of at least 7.5/10.
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Licenciado with a final mark of at least 13/20 from a public university or 15/20 from a private university.
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Philippines

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Masters degree with 1.5/5.0 (where 1 is the highest) or 3.7/4.0
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Bachelors degree with an overall CPGA of at least 3 (on a scale of 4).
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Bakalavr or Specialist Diploma with an average mark of at least 4.
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Saudi Arabia

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Bachelors degree with a CGPA of 3.5/5.0 or 3/4.0.
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Bachelors (Honours) degree with a second-class upper division or CAP 4.0.
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

South Africa

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Bachelors (honours) degree with a second-class division 1.
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

South Korea

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Bachelors degree with a CGPA of at least 3.3/4.5 or 3.1/4.3 or B+
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Licenciado with a final mark of at least 2/4 or 7/10.
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Bachelors Special degree with an upper second honours.
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Switzerland

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Licence or Diplôme with 5/6 or 8/10.
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Bachelors degree with an overall mark of at least 67%-80% depending on your university.
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Bachelors degree with CGPA of at least 2.8 - 3.0/4.0 or equivalent depending on your university.
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Lisans Diplomasi with CGPA of at least 2.8 - 3.0/4.0 or equivalent depending on your university.
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

United Arab Emirates

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Bachelors degree with CGPA of at least 3.0/4.0 or equivalent.
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Bachelors degree with CGPA of at least 3.3/4.0.
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Bachelors degree (with a Graduate Thesis/research component) with CGPA of at least 3.3/4.0 or 7.5/10. As evidence of completing your degree you must provide both proof of graduation in addition to your transcript.
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

Masters degree requirement	You’re normally expected to have the equivalent of a UK Masters degree, which will mean having completed some academic study beyond your Bachelors degree.
Undergraduate degree requirement	Masters degree with GPA of 2.0/2.5 or equivalent.
Subject-specific requirements	Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found
Please note	Our entry requirements are guidelines and we assess all applications on a case-by-case basis.

My country is not listed

If your country is not listed, you need to contact us and find out the qualification level you should have for this course. Contact us

Subject-specific requirements

Your qualification must be in a subject area relevant to your chosen area of research. You may also be considered for the degree if you have other professional qualifications or experience of equivalent standing. We also offer a 1+3 route incorporating the MSc in Social Research Methods or further specialist research training modules within Year 1 for those without the required research training. Further information about the 1+3 can be found

English language requirements

Ielts (academic).

High level (6.5 overall, including at least 6.0 in each component).

IELTS scores are valid for two years from the test date. You cannot combine scores from more than one sitting of the test. Your score must be valid when you begin your Sussex course.  Find out more about IELTS

We accept IELTS One Skills Retake.

We do not accept IELTS Online.

Check full details of our English Language requirements and find out more about some of the alternative English language qualifications listed below

Alternative English language qualifications

Proficiency tests, cambridge advanced certificate in english (cae).

169 overall, including at least 162 in each skill.

We would normally expect the CAE test to have been taken within two years before the start of your course.

You cannot combine scores from more than one sitting of the test. Find out more about Cambridge English: Advanced

Cambridge Certificate of Proficiency in English (CPE)

We would normally expect the CPE test to have been taken within two years before the start of your course.

You cannot combine scores from more than one sitting of the test. Find out more about Cambridge English: Proficiency

LanguageCert Academic SELT

High level (70 overall, including at least 65 in each component).

LanguageCert Academic SELT scores are valid for two years from the test date. Your score must be valid when you begin your Sussex course.  Find out more about LanguageCert Academic SELT

We only accept LanguageCert when taken at SELT Test Centres.

We do not accept the online version.  We also do not accept the non-SELT version.

LanguageCert International ESOL SELT

High level (International ESOL SELT B2 with a minimum of 39 in each component)

LanguageCert International ESOL scores are valid for two years from the test date. Your score must be valid when you begin your Sussex course. Find out more about LanguageCert SELT

We only accept LanguageCert when taken at SELT Test Centres. We do not accept the online version.

Pearson PTE Academic

High level (62 overall, including at least 59 in all four skills)

PTE (Academic) scores are valid for two years from the test date. You cannot combine scores from more than one sitting of the test. Your score must be valid when you begin your Sussex course. Find out more about Pearson (PTE Academic)

We do not accept the PTE Academic Online test.

TOEFL (iBT)

High level 88 overall, including at least 20 Listening, 19 in Reading, 21 in Speaking, 23 in Writing.

TOEFL (iBT) scores are valid for two years from the test date. You cannot combine scores from more than one sitting of the test. Your score must be valid when you begin your Sussex course. Find out more about TOEFL (iBT)

We do not accept TOEFL (iBT) Home Edition.

The TOEFL Institution Code for the University of Sussex is 9166.

English language qualifications

As/a-level (gce).

Grade C or above in English Language.

Hong Kong Advanced Level Examination (HKALE)/ AS or A Level: grade C or above in Use of English.

GCE O-level

Grade C or above in English.

Brunei/Cambridge GCE O-level in English: grades 1-6.

Singapore/Cambridge GCE O-level in English: grades 1-6.

GCSE or IGCSE

Grade C or above in English as a First Language (Grade 4 or above in GCSE from 2017).

Grade B or above in English as a Second Language.

Ghana Senior Secondary School Certificate

If awarded before 1993: grades 1-6 in English language.

If awarded between 1993 and 2005: grades A-D in English language.

Hong Kong Diploma of Secondary Education (HKDSE)

 Level 4, including at least 3 in each component in English Language.

Indian School Certificate (Standard XII)

The Indian School Certificate is accepted at the grades below when awarded by the following examination boards:

Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) – English Core only: 70%

Council for Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE) - English: 70% 

International Baccalaureate Diploma (IB)

English A or English B at grade 5 or above.

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education

Grades A - C in English language

Malaysian Certificate of Education (SPM) 1119/GCE O-level

If taken before the end of 2008: grades 1-6 in English Language.

If taken from 2009 onwards: grade C or above in English Language.

The qualification must be jointly awarded by the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES).

West African Senior School Certificate

Grades A1-C6 (1-6) in English language when awarded by the West African Examinations Council (WAEC) or the National Examinations Council (NECO).

Country exceptions

Select to see the list of exempt english-speaking countries.

If you are a national of one of the countries below, or if you have recently completed a qualification equivalent to a UK Bachelors degree or higher in one of these countries, you will normally meet our English requirement. Note that qualifications obtained by distance learning or awarded by studying outside these countries cannot be accepted for English language purposes.

You will normally be expected to have completed the qualification within two years before starting your course at Sussex. If the qualification was obtained earlier than this, we would expect you to be able to demonstrate that you have maintained a good level of English, for example by living in an English-speaking country or working in an occupation that required you to use English regularly and to a high level.

Please note that this list is determined by the UK’s Home Office, not by the University of Sussex.

List of exempt countries: 

• Antigua and Barbuda
• New Zealand
• St Kitts and Nevis
• St Vincent and the Grenadines
• The British Overseas Territories
• Trinidad and Tobago
• United Kingdom

** Canada: you must be a national of Canada; other nationals not on this list who have a degree from a Canadian institution will not normally be exempt from needing to provide evidence of English.

English language support

If you don’t meet the English language requirements for your degree, you may be able to take a pre-sessional course

• Visas and immigration

Admissions information for applicants

Research proposal	You must write an outline research proposal of four to five pages indicating the nature, ambition and primary questions of your research project.

If your qualifications aren’t listed or you have a question about entry requirements, contact us

• How to apply

If you’d like to join us as a research student, there are two main routes:

• browse funded projects in this subject area
• browse our potential supervisors and propose your own research project.

Find out how to apply for a PhD at Sussex

Full-time and part-time study

Choose to work on your research full time or part time, to fit around your work and personal life. For details about part-time study, contact us at [email protected]

PhD or MPhil?

You can choose to study for a PhD or an MPhil. PhD and MPhil degrees differ in duration and in the extent of your research work.

• For a PhD, your research work makes a substantial original contribution to knowledge or understanding in your chosen field.
• For an MPhil, your work is an independent piece of research but in less depth than for a PhD. You’ll graduate with the degree title Master of Philosophy. You might be able to change to a PhD while you study for an MPhil.

Our supervisors

Our faculty have undertaken research and consultancy in a range of human rights fields and regional contexts.

Your primary supervisor will be located in the School of Global Studies . Your secondary supervisor will be drawn from faculty researching human rights in a range of areas at Sussex.  

Dr Stephanie Berry

Senior Lecturer in International Human Rights Law

[email protected]

View profile of Stephanie Berry

Prof Gurminder Bhambra

Professor of Historical Sociology

[email protected]

View profile of Gurminder Bhambra

Dr Josh Bowsher

[email protected]

View profile of Josh Bowsher

Dr Lara Montesinos Coleman

Reader in International Relations, Law and Development

[email protected]

View profile of Lara Montesinos Coleman

Mr Nile Davies

Lecturer in Anthropology

[email protected]

View profile of Nile Davies

Dr Matthew Evans

Senior Lecturer in Law

[email protected]

View profile of Matthew Evans

Prof James Fairhead

Professor of Social Anthropology

[email protected]

View profile of James Fairhead

Prof Nuno Ferreira

Professor of Law

[email protected]

View profile of Nuno Ferreira

Dr Shahrzad Fouladvand

Senior Lecturer in International Criminal Law

[email protected]

View profile of Shahrzad Fouladvand

Dr David Karp

Senior Lecturer In International Relations

[email protected]

View profile of David Karp

Dr Mary Frances Lukera

Lecturer in Law

[email protected]

View profile of Mary Frances Lukera

Dr Elizabeth Mills

Senior Lecturer in International Development

[email protected]

View profile of Elizabeth Mills

Dr Agathe Mora

Lecturer in Social Anthropology

[email protected]

View profile of Agathe Mora

Prof Louiza Odysseos

Professor of International Relations

[email protected]

View profile of Louiza Odysseos

Dr Ceri Oeppen

Senior Lecturer in Human Geography

[email protected]

View profile of Ceri Oeppen

Prof Darrow Schecter

Professor of Critical Theory and Modern European History

[email protected]

View profile of Darrow Schecter

Dr Charlotte Skeet

[email protected]

View profile of Charlotte Skeet

Dr Bal Sokhi-Bulley

Senior Lecturer in Law and Critical Theory

[email protected]

View profile of Bal Sokhi-Bulley

Prof Maya Unnithan

Professor 0f Social And Medical Anthropology

[email protected]

View profile of Maya Unnithan

Funding and fees

How can i fund my course, funded projects and scholarships.

Our aim is to ensure that every student who wants to study with us is able to despite financial barriers, so that we continue to attract talented and unique individuals. Don’t miss out on scholarships – check the specific application deadlines for funding opportunities. Note that funded projects aren’t available for all our PhDs.

Details of our scholarships are not yet set for entry in the academic year 2025/26.

Applying for USA Federal Student Aid?

If any part of your funding, at any time, is through USA federal Direct Loan funds, you will be registered on a separate version of this degree which does not include the possibility of distance learning which is prohibited under USA federal regulations. Find out more about American Student Loans and Federal Student Aid .

Part-time work

We advertise around 2,500 part-time jobs a year so you can make money and gain work experience. We have a special scheme to employ students on campus, wherever possible.

Find out more about careers and employability

How much does it cost?

Fees for self-funding students.

Fees are not yet set for the academic year 2025/26 – check back from September 2024. Note that your fees, once they’re set, may be subject to an increase on an annual basis.

• Living costs

Find out typical living costs for studying at Sussex

Find out about our terms and conditions

Explore our campus

Experience Sussex life in our virtual tour.

Start your virtual tour

PhD Information Sessions

Visit campus and chat to staff and students. Book your place

Online PhD Sessions

Join a live webchat. Book your place

International

Meet us in your country

Course enquiries

+44 (0)1273 876787

Send us a message

Admissions enquiries

If you haven’t applied yet:

+44 (0)1273 877107 globalresearch@​sussex.ac.uk

Professor Louiza Odysseos Human Rights PhD Convenor +44 (0)1273  678835 l.odysseos@​sussex.ac.uk

Find out about the School of Global Studies

After you’ve applied:

+44 (0)1273 877773 [email protected]

Find out how to apply

Quick links

• Guide to PhD study
• PhD support
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• International

LLM International Human Rights

Content navigation menu, why study llm international human rights at goldsmiths.

The LLM in International Human Rights equips you with advanced knowledge and expertise in human rights law, giving you access to our internationally leading faculty, eminent legal experts, and some of the foremost human rights organisations in the UK.

• The LLM introduces you to the history, theory and practice of international human rights law.
• We’ll focus on the strengths as well as identifying and critiquing the limits of domestic and international human rights.
• You’ll master the instruments and institutions that make up the international system of human rights protection from around the world, exploring their potential for reform.
• You’ll explore some of the most cutting-edge human rights debates of our times, from gender identity to AI-based predictive policing.
• You’ll learn from important legal thinkers, internationally leading barristers and politicians. Our  Law faculty  and  Visiting Professors  are some of the greatest legal minds of our generation.
• We’re focussed on employability, and you’ll have the opportunity to gain practical experience through taking placements and law clinics modules (for credit). Our Careers Service is here to support you every step of the way.
• You’ll have the opportunity to collaborate with renowned legal scholars, eminent legal practitioners and NGOs working in the field of international human rights, including the foremost human rights organisation, Liberty , which leads our pioneering 'NGO Advocacy, Litigation and Practice' module.

Contact the department

If you have specific questions about the degree, contact the Programme Convenor .

1 year full-time

Home - full-time: £14120 International - full-time: £20460

In addition to LLM International Human Rights, Goldsmiths offers the following LLM programmes:

• LLM Criminal Justice and Human Rights

LLM Criminal Justice

Watch videos about your course, harvard law school course.

We’re the first law department in the UK to offer students free access to Harvard Law School’s pioneering  Zero-L course.

Taught by 18 leading Harvard Law faculty members, it has hours of video lectures, vocabulary, and periodic comprehension checks that you can take at your own pace. The course modules cover a range of topics, including an introduction to the legal profession, a history of the American Constitution, separation of powers and federalism, stages of litigation, and citizenship rights.

Materials developed by Goldsmiths Law academics to support the delivery of Zero-L direct you to key areas of interest in the programme and give you support to understand how Zero-L strengthens your understanding of English law and helps you to develop legal skills.

Clinics, workshops and summer internships

The LLM at Goldsmiths is unique in giving students access to Law and Policy Clinics for credit. In Goldsmiths’ Law and Policy Clinics  you'll get to confront challenging societal issues through supervised legal research and public engagement activity. Areas of research and public engagement activity covered by the Clinics include immigration and counter-terrorism law.

You may also choose to take our Applied Legal Theory Workshop or publish human rights stories for leading news platform  EachOther with our  Knowing our Rights Storytellers initiative.

We also offer our students access to the University of London Refugee Law Clinic , awarded Best Contribution by a Law School in the  LawWorks and Attorney General Student Pro Bono Awards 2023.

You can choose a placement module as an option and are given access to  summer internships with internationally leading faculty.

Welfare benefits course and Legal Advice Centre placements

We give you access to a welfare benefits course provided by the Pro Bono Community organisation. This prepares you for 3-6 month placements in Legal Advice Centres in London. There are 15 placements in Legal Advice Centres available to our students on an annual basis.

The welfare benefits course has 30 spaces annually, and equips you with foundational knowledge in contemporary areas of legal practice – such as benefits for people unable to work due to sickness or disability, universal credit, benefits for migrants, help with housing costs, appeals and advocacy.

The course also has a core introductory element covering the background to Law Centres, legal aid, triage, interview techniques and practical skills.

What you'll study

Compulsory modules.

You must complete the following compulsory modules:

-->

Module title	Credits
International Human Rights Law: Theory and Practice You’ll explore important critical work on the history, theory and development of human rights, identifying, and critiquing, the limits of international human rights law. While focussing on human rights, this module will also help you better understand approaches to criminal justice in this area. You’ll be grounded in the fundamentals, learning about the instruments and institutions that make up the international system of human rights protection, such as the UN Human Rights Council. Through a range of activities, from law clinics to undertaking research, you’ll compare and contrast the differences in human rights systems from around the world. You’ll learn from Goldsmiths’ academics and expert guest lecturers, and collaborate with some of the best legal institutions and practices that London has to offer. Taking a critical approach to learning, you’ll examine the ways in which feminist, queer, trade unionist, anti-racist and environmental movements have creatively used human rights law. You’ll also be empowered to challenge the global rise of ‘strongman politics,’ as well as of nationalist, populist and authoritarian ideals, identifying threats to the modern architecture of international human rights. -->	15 credits
International Human Rights: Advanced Themes and Contemporary Debates You’ll explore some of the most cutting-edge human rights debates of our time, from climate justice to hate speech and AI-based predictive policing. Discussions and debates throughout the module will show the far-reaching impact of human rights on areas such as criminal justice, sport and gender identity. Learning in this module is active. You’ll have the opportunity to learn from expert guest speakers, visit leading human rights NGOs and gain practical experience through Law Clinics. We’ll encourage you to adopt an inclusive approach to international human rights law, with a focus on diverse and traditionally marginalised perspectives. -->	15 credits
International Human Rights Dissertation You’ll work closely with your dissertation supervisor, who will have expertise in your particular area of research. Your supervisor will provide guidance and support throughout your dissertation, from drafting your proposal to conducting your research. You have the freedom to shape your own research focus and may wish to investigate anything from national law to international legal perspectives. -->	60 credits

Optional modules

You will also choose optional modules to the value of 90 credits. These can be made up exclusively of Department of Law modules, or you may choose to select up to 30 credits from either of the interdisciplinary module lists below (which include human rights options from other social science departments).

Department of Law modules

Module title	Credits
Human Rights and Criminal Justice: NGO Advocacy, Litigation, and Practice The module centres on fundamental human rights such as free speech, the right to protest, privacy and family life, gender and racial equality, the right to life, and protection from violence. It also extends its analysis to crucial human rights concerns in the operation of the criminal justice system – for example, in relation to stop and search, discriminatory outcomes of the ‘joint enterprise’ doctrine, the excessive policing of protests, the use by the police of stereotypically racist watchlists of people designated as potential members of a gang, or the risks for human freedom intrinsic in the use AI-based facial recognition in policing. You will be taught by NGO experts who will introduce you to case studies from their practice. In this way you’ll get to discuss topics such as: government plans to reform the Human Rights Act; legislative reforms that attack the right to protest; surveillance en masse by the intelligence services, leading to major NGO-led litigation at the European Court of Human Rights; attacks on migrants’ rights; and grassroots campaigns for police accountability and, in some cases, abolition. -->	15 credits
Advanced Criminal Law and Criminal Justice: Domestic, Comparative and International Modern trends in UK criminal law and criminal justice thinking will be explored, from excessive criminalisation to the use of algorithm-based predictive policing, and from ‘digital strip searches to the use of live facial recognition techniques in policing. Guest lecturers who work for leading criminal justice NGOs in London will provide invaluable insights gathered from experiencing the impact of these policies on the ground. The module will continuously move from domestic criminal justice to exploring modern developments in comparative and international law. This will empower you to identify and draw upon strengths and weaknesses in different criminal justice systems and concentrate your critical analysis on the need for reform. You will get to engage with the perennially complex issues raised when we are confronted with the conflicting interests of convicting the guilty, empowering the victim and protecting the public, on the one hand, and avoiding devastating miscarriages of justice or irreparable violations of human rights on the other. -->	30 credits
Queer and Feminist Approaches to Law This module covers the mainstream legal progression from human rights to criminal justice, in both domestic and international legal systems through engagement with queer and feminist legal theory. You’ll explore structures of domination such as capitalism, white supremacy, and patriarchy, which have been historically co-dependent through systems of law and governance. We’ll ask broader theoretical questions about the relationship between law and patriarchy through classic texts covering topics like feminist and queer legal theory, trans rights and critical race, and postcolonial feminism. You’ll consider the promise of ‘non-reformist reform’, critically examining the mainstream focus on women’s human rights in international law from the 1970s to today. You’ll also benefit from the expertise of guest lecturers with unique perspectives on subjects like sexual violence and trans rights. Taking part in active learning through workshops, trips and research, you’ll gain the knowledge you need to take the next steps into a career or further study in human rights. -->	15 credits
Environmental Challenges, Social Justice and Human Rights You’ll explore a number of case studies that might include: the challenge of global regulation in response to climate change; tensions and synergies between environmental protection and economic development; the adequacy of human rights as a tool of environmental protection; the tension between sovereignty, equity and common concern in the protection of biodiversity; and the connections between international criminal law, international humanitarian law and the environment, in particular in relation to the crime of ecocide. To further enrich your learning experience, you’ll go on study visits that may include trips to prominent environmental NGOs such as Greenpeace or Client Earth (a legal environmental charity using the law to fight environmental battles), or London-based UN agencies such as the UN Global Compact Network UK. There will also be guest lectures from key players in this area including environmental law practitioners, academics, policy-makers, UN officials, and NGO activists. -->	15 credits
Law and Policy Clinic: Human Rights You’ll confront challenging societal issues through supervised legal research and public engagement activity.  You can choose from one of the following three routes: Working in small groups, you’ll learn from Goldsmiths' academics, guest lecturers and industry experts. This module is diverse, and you’ll take part in a range of activities including researching case law and working with NGOs and charities. This practical experience will give you the edge in pursuing a career or PhD study in the field of criminal justice. -->	15 credits
Human Rights Placement As part of this module, you’ll also undertake 10 hours of trial observations and write a reflective journal report, which will be assessed as part of the module. You’ll gain an understanding of potential human rights careers by working with NGOs, charities, law firms and other relevant organisations. The Law Department and Careers service will support you in securing a placement. From help writing your CV and personal statement, to identifying opportunities, we’ll be with you every step of the way. This module is for anyone looking to pursue a career or further study in the area of human rights or criminal justice. It’s open to a range of disciplines, not just those studying law. -->	15 credits

Interdisciplinary modules from the Department of Law

Module title	Credits
AI, Disruptive Technologies and the Law You’ll consider questions about rapidly developing and highly sophisticated technologies. You’ll gain a technological, systemic, ethical and cultural understanding that will help you to keep up to date with new technologies. It will also give you a chance to critique topics like how technology may be a risk to human rights.  We take an interdisciplinary approach to teaching, and you’ll learn from tech experts and developers to help you understand the essentials of how technologies work in practice. Legal experts will then help you explore critical questions about how law could or should regulate these technologies. Through a mixture of trips, guest lectures, and research events, you’ll tackle some of the key debates facing this sector. From the ethics of AI to disruptive technology, find out the impact tech has on today’s society. -->	15 credits
Art Law We’ll teach you to approach law not simply as a set of rules, but within a wider socio-historical, philosophical and cultural context. We’ll cover the different ways that law, literature, film, and the arts more broadly, overlap with issues of social justice, human rights and commercial law. You’ll examine key legal principles of intellectual property and the ownership of art, with a particular focus on modern and non-conventional forms of creativity. This module is taught in a varied and active way. You’ll debate topics such as the ownership of the Parthenon Marbles following a trip to the British Museum. You’ll learn from guest lecturers and visit leading law firms, exhibitions, and other relevant organisations to enrich your studies. -->	15 credits

Interdisciplinary modules from other social science departments

Option modules from other departments, such as Politics and International Relations and Sociology , are confirmed on an annual basis.

Note about optional modules (if available): The above is indicative of the typical modules offered, but is not intended to be construed or relied on as a definitive list of what might be available in any given year. The module content and availability is subject to change.

Study 21st century law, and law in context

As well as compulsory modules that provide you with a foundational knowledge of human rights law theory and practice, you’ll have the opportunity to choose from a wide range of specialist human rights modules delivered by the Department of Law. To diversify your studies, you’ll also be able to choose relevant optional modules from other social science departments.

Our curriculum has been built for the 21st-century landscape of law, including subjects from feminist approaches to law to environmental challenges, social justice and human rights.

Active learning

Our students learn the law in action while helping local communities and developing crucial professional skills. Through our placement modules focussing on human rights and criminal justice, or by participating in Law Clinics.

Students currently have the opportunity to learn invaluable practical skills by taking part in the  University of London Refugee Law Clinic or the  Law and Policy Clinics  covering a wide range of topics.

Research seminars and events

Our termly Law & Society research seminar series and annual symposium and lecture will expose you to pioneering research and give you access to world leading scholars and legal professionals. In recent years, these have involved academics from Berkeley Law School ,  Stanford Law School and LSE , as well as former UK Supreme Court Judge, Lord Hughes; UK Judge at the European Court of Human Rights, Tim Eicke KC; barristers from leading sets; and top academics from fellow UK law schools.

Our vibrant research culture also includes frequent book launches, public talks and research conferences on contemporary subjects, putting you at the centre of cutting-edge research and public policy.

Find out about research milestones in the department on our blog and YouTube channel.

Beyond the Classroom visit to an AI exhibition at 180 Studios.

Beyond the Classroom visit to the House of Commons.

'Beyond the Classroom' activities

The Department of Law at Goldsmiths works closely with the Departments of Politics and International Relations , Sociology , Anthropology , Media, Communications and Cultural Studies , and History . The  Beyond the Classroom initiative brings together students from across these departments, to immerse them in a range of opportunities, ensuring they make the most of what London has to offer – professionally, culturally, institutionally, and socially. This enables them to have a well-rounded education and outstanding student experience, that further enriches their time studying law at Goldsmiths.

Recent activities have ranged from watching  plays at the National Theatre and London's West End , going to film screenings at the British Film Institute and French Institute , and visiting world-leading art galleries , to attending the Cambridge Literary Festival , going to Orwell Foundation and University of London lectures and book talks , visiting the House of Commons , seeing AI and virtual reality exhibitions , attending an  architecture awards evening at the Royal Academy of Arts and participating in a cross-departmental debating cup evening.

Summer school students attending a public law workshop at the Hellenic Parliament in Greece.

Students attending a workshop with the UN High Commissioner for Refugees in Athens.

Study abroad, international court visit and our Athens Summer School  

We take our students on an annual international court visit. Read our blog to learn more about:

• Our  visit to the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg  in 2023, where students attended a Grand Chamber hearing and participated in a workshop with the UK Judge at the Court, Tim Eicke KC
• The visit in 2024 , where in addition to attending a Grand Chamber hearing students engaged with workshops at the Council of Europe and European Parliament (as well as visiting the national library in Paris and going on a legal walk past the Conseil constitutionnel and the Conseil d'État)

We also organise an annual summer school in Athens , in collaboration with leading universities there. The week-long intensive programme:

• Provides a range of courses (for example in refugee law and migration studies, EU law, criminal law, law and technology)
• Connects students with high-profile institutions and authorities (such as the British Ambassador and British Council in Greece)
• Gives students unprecedented access to cultural visits and experiences

Read more about our summer school in Athens in  2022 and 2023 .

In recent years, our students have also attended summer schools at the University of Geneva, Amsterdam Law school and Utrecht Law School.

Students are supported through substantial Department of Law scholarships to participate in our summer school, international court visit or other international summer school. Funding is reviewed on a yearly basis. To find out more about funding and other global opportunities at Goldsmiths, visit our Go Abroad pages .

Law students attending a Grand Chamber hearing at the European Court of Human Rights.

Law students visiting the European Parliament.

Student life and support

You'll belong to a close-knit community, supported by a network that includes academic personal tutors, career advisers, disability officers and other student support staff.

All lectures are delivered in small groups, in a research seminar format. All our modules embed visits to legal London, enabling you to immerse yourself in legal institutions, law firms, and research seminars as well as museums, exhibition spaces, theatre plays and cinema screenings that allow you to explore law from a multidimensional perspective. The legal, institutional and cultural experiences you will gain studying law in London at Goldsmiths will stay with you forever.

Dimitrios Giannoulopoulos

Professor of Law

Dimitrios is the Head of the Department of Law. His research centres on the criminal process and human rights.

Dr Aristi Volou

Dr Volou's research lies in the field of international human rights law.

Virginie Barral

Senior Lecturer

Virginie’s expertise is in international law focusing on sustainability, climate justice and culture & the environment

Dimitrios Giannoulopoulos is Goldsmiths' inaugural Professor of Law. His focus is on comparative criminal evidence and procedure, with emphasis on how human rights norms in criminal justice are applied in national jurisdictions across different legal cultures, particularly in the Anglo-American and Continental European legal cultures. He publishes on topics including police interrogation and suspects' rights, police searches, electronic surveillance and unlawfully obtained evidence. He is an Academic Fellow of the Honourable Society of the Inner Temple.

Leading researchers

You'll have unique access to influential legal thinkers who have undertaken high-level legal and policy work in government departments, international courts, prestigious research centres, boutique law firms and some of the top NGOs and human rights organisations in the UK.

Expertise across discliplines

At Goldsmiths, we believe that an interdisciplinary approach can bring fresh perspectives and insights to contemporary issues. The LLM International Human Rights degree draws on expertise from across a range of disciplines at Goldsmiths, to contextualise your knowledge and provide specialist option modules.

Visiting Professors

The course also features contributions from some of the UK's foremost experts on human rights law, with Visiting Professors including:

• Martha Spurrier
• Jessica Simor KC
• Schona Jolly KC

Visiting Professor and leading human rights barrister, Adam Wagner, teaching the Equality Act, drawing on his expertise as counsel to the Equality and Human Rights Commission.

Professor Dimitrios Giannoulopoulos, Head of Goldsmiths Law Department with esteemed Visiting Professor Dominic Grieve KC, former Attorney General for England and Wales.

Preparing you for a successful future

The LLM equips you with advanced knowledge and expertise in specialist areas of law, putting you in a strong position to pursue professional legal practice (in the UK and internationally).

It will also open up diverse career paths in other areas of professional practice associated with law, or quickly advance you to the position where you will choose to undertake a PhD as your next academic destination.

Employment opportunities you may take up following the LLM include:

• Prosecutor at the  Crown Prosecution Service
• Criminal justice expert
• Member of the Civil Service or a government organisation

Collaborations, placements and partnerships

Partnerships with leading organisations.

Cutting-edge collaborations with global law firms, government organisations, local councils, NGOs, think tanks and academics in world-leading universities support the delivery of all our programmes, exposing you to unique opportunities to grow a strong awareness of future career destinations and develop dynamic professional networks throughout your degree.

These include: 

• Linklaters LLP
• Debevoise & Plimpton LLP and Boies   Schiller & Flexner LLP
• UK Supreme Court
• National Justice Museum at the  Royal Courts of Justice
• Kalisher Trust
• Joint Council for the Welfare of Immigrants and Migrants’ Rights Network
• Fair Trials
• Big Brother Watch
• Crown Prosecution Service
• Law Commission
• Honourable Society of the Inner Temple
• Stanford Law School
• Berkeley Law  
• Loyola Law School  (Los Angeles)
• New Europeans
• Human Rights Lawyers’ Association
• Forensic Architecture
• Lewisham Borough
• Council of Europe
• British Academy
• Garden Court Chambers
• Doughty Street Chambers

And many others.

Entry requirements

Applicants will normally have a degree in law, a related social science discipline (such as criminology, politics and international relations, sociology, anthropology, media and communications, economics or psychology), or a humanities degree (such as English, history, philosophy or art).

We also accept applications from people with professional, transferrable experience working in:

• Criminal justice and human rights organisations
• The civil service or other governmental position

Students will normally be expected to have an upper second-class honours degree or its equivalent.

There is some flexibility where applicants demonstrate exceptional commitment or abilities to study for the degree because of their possession of other qualifications, or because they have relevant experiences that would qualify them for the programme.

International qualifications

We accept a wide range of international qualifications. Find out more about the  qualifications we accept from around the world .

If English isn’t your first language, you will need an IELTS score (or  equivalent English language qualification ) of  6.5 with a 6.5 in writing and no element lower than 6.0  to study this programme. If you need assistance with your English language, we offer a range of  courses that can help prepare you for postgraduate study .

Fees and funding

Annual tuition fees.

These are the PG fees for students starting their programme in the 2024/2025 academic year.

• Home - full-time: £14120
• International - full-time: £20460

If your fees are not listed here, please check our postgraduate fees guidance or contact the Fees Office , who can also advise you about how to pay your fees.

It’s not currently possible for international students to study part-time under a student visa. If you think you might be eligible to study part-time while being on another visa type, please contact our Admissions Team for more information.

If you are looking to pay your fees please see our guide to making a payment .

Funding opportunities

Goldsmiths llm fee waiver.

Goldsmiths alumni going on to study one of the LLM pathways in the Department of Law will be eligible for this additional fee waiver. Find out about the Goldsmiths LLM Fee Waiver .

Other Goldsmiths scholarships

Explore the Goldsmiths scholarships finder to find out what other funding you may be eligible for.

Other funding sources

• If you are a UK student you may be eligible for a  postgraduate loan
• Meanwhile our  Careers Service  can also offer advice on finding work during your studies

Paying your fees

Find out about  paying your tuition fees .

Additional costs

In addition to your tuition fees, you'll be responsible for any additional costs associated with your course, such as buying stationery and paying for photocopying. You can find out more about what you need to budget for on our study costs page .

There may also be specific additional costs associated with your programme. This can include things like paying for field trips or specialist materials for your assignments. Please check the programme specification for more information.

How to apply

You apply directly to Goldsmiths using our online application system.

To complete your application, you will need to have:

• Details of your  academic qualifications
• The email address of your referee  who we can request a reference from, or alternatively a copy of your  academic reference
• Copies of your  educational transcripts or certificates
• A personal statement

You'll be able to save your progress at any point and return to your application by logging in using your username/email and password.

Read our guide to applying for a postgraduate degree at Goldsmiths .

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Book an Open Day

Get our latest Postgraduate Guide

Similar programmes.

The LLM (Master of Law) equips you with advanced knowledge and expertise in specialist areas of law, empowering you to pursue a diverse range of legal careers, or PhD study, in the UK and internationally.

LLM Criminal Justice & Human Rights

This cutting-edge LLM places you in the unique position to develop advanced knowledge and expertise in two specialist fields: criminal justice and international human rights. It will empower you to pursue legal practice in the UK and internationally, opening diverse career paths in the criminal justice and human rights sector, or advancing you to the position where you will choose to undertake a PhD in criminal justice or human rights or their interactions.

The LLM in Criminal Justice gives you a panoramic, 360-degree view of the criminal process, and a multidimensional perspective that explores organic synergies between domestic, transnational and international criminal justice. It opens up diverse career paths in the criminal justice and human rights sectors.

MPhil/PhD Law

Goldsmiths Law MPhil/PhD candidates are given outstanding opportunities to explore modern legal phenomena in their rapidly changing socio-political, cultural, and economic context.

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PhD Human Rights

• Ask a question
• Get a prospectus

Entry requirements

Fees and funding.

• What's next?

Our PhD Human Rights was established to meet the demands of our students who have an established interest in human rights and wish to pursue doctoral research which goes beyond a single academic discipline but includes a distinct multi and interdisciplinary perspective.

Supervision is available across a broad range of academic interests in human rights and our research is wide-ranging and in-depth. You can search for a supervisor in an area of your choice by using our research finder tool , simply enter your research interests and browse the results for supervision opportunities. Topics include the prohibition against torture, business , freedom of religion, children in armed conflict , methods of democratic assessment, and the relationship between human rights and foreign direct investment. While our primary focus is international and comparative human rights, our research-active staff also encompass human rights and democracy in the UK.

We also offer an MPhil in this subject.

Please note, part-time research study is also available.

• Our senior staff have held - and continue to occupy - key positions in the United Nations human rights and development fields.
• We have conducted numerous cases in Strasbourg, establishing far-reaching precedents that have shaped the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights.
• We were awarded the Queen's Anniversary Prize in 2009 in recognition of our work in advancing global human rights.

Our expert staff

You will be allocated a supervisor whose role it is to guide you through the different stages of your research degree. In some cases, you may have joint supervision by two members of our staff .

The support provided by your supervisor is a key feature of your research student experience and you will have regular one-to-one meetings to discuss progress on your research. Initially, your supervisor will help you develop your research topic and plan.

Twice a year, you will have a supervisory board meeting, which provides a more formal opportunity to discuss your progress and agree your plans for the next six months.

Specialist facilities

Our Human Rights Centre has almost 50 academic staff members and 30 external fellows, we bring together some 250 scholars and practitioners across disciplines and courses, representing 50 nationalities. We organise and support a range of activities throughout the year and manage research projects on human rights, conflict prevention and promotion of democratic governance. In April 2000, along with the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, we launched the Torture Reporting Handbook, which has been translated into numerous languages and is used throughout the world.

We are home to the UK member of the UN Human Rights Committee, and a member of the Government's new Advisory Group on Human Rights. A number of our staff have also held senior positions in intergovernmental organisations and are actively involved in international practice.

Students can join the Human Rights Centre Affiliated Network , there are opportunities to network with like-minded people and it helps facilitate research collaboration. The network also runs events throughout the year.

Your future

Graduates of our Human Rights Centre go on to a variety of careers in the governmental, inter-governmental and non-governmental sectors, and undertake further research.

Our graduates now work for the Council of Europe, the United Nations, the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe, Save the Children, Shelter, Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch and the International Commission of Jurists.

UK entry requirements

International & eu entry requirements.

We accept a wide range of qualifications from applicants studying in the EU and other countries. Get in touch with any questions you may have about the qualifications we accept. Remember to tell us about the qualifications you have already completed or are currently taking.

Sorry, the entry requirements for the country that you have selected are not available here. Please contact our Graduate Admissions team at [email protected]  to request the entry requirements for this country.

English language requirements

IELTS 7.0 (6.5 in writing, with a minimum of 5.5 remaining components)

If you do not meet our IELTS requirements then you may be able to complete a pre-sessional English pathway that enables you to start your course without retaking IELTS.

Course structure

A research degree doesn't have a taught structure, giving you the chance to investigate your chosen topic in real depth and reach a profound understanding. In communicating that understanding, through a thesis or other means, you have a rare opportunity to generate knowledge. A research degree allows you to develop new high-level skills, enhance your professional development and build new networks. It can open doors to many careers.

We understand that deciding where and what to study is a very important decision for you. We'll make all reasonable efforts to provide you with the courses, services and facilities as described on our website and in line with your contract with us. However, if we need to make material changes, for example due to significant disruption, we'll let our applicants and students know as soon as possible.

Components are the blocks of study that make up your course. A component may have a set module which you must study, or a number of modules from which you can choose.

Each component has a status and carries a certain number of credits towards your qualification.

Status	What this means
	You must take the set module for this component and you must pass. No failure can be permitted.
	You can choose which module to study from the available options for this component but you must pass. No failure can be permitted.
	You must take the set module for this component. There may be limited opportunities to continue on the course/be eligible for the qualification if you fail.
	You can choose which module to study from the available options for this component. There may be limited opportunities to continue on the course/be eligible for the qualification if you fail.
	You can choose which module to study from the available options for this component. There may be limited opportunities to continue on the course/be eligible for the qualification if you fail.

The modules that are available for you to choose for each component will depend on several factors, including which modules you have chosen for other components, which modules you have completed in previous years of your course, and which term the module is taught in.

Modules are the individual units of study for your course. Each module has its own set of learning outcomes and assessment criteria and also carries a certain number of credits.

In most cases you will study one module per component, but in some cases you may need to study more than one module. For example, a 30-credit component may comprise of either one 30-credit module, or two 15-credit modules, depending on the options available.

Modules may be taught at different times of the year and by a different department or school to the one your course is primarily based in. You can find this information from the module code . For example, the module code HR100-4-FY means:

HR	100	4	FY
The department or school the module will be taught by. In this example, the module would be taught by the Department of History.	The module number.	The of the module. A standard undergraduate course will comprise of level 4, 5 and 6 modules - increasing as you progress through the course. A standard postgraduate taught course will comprise of level 7 modules. A postgraduate research degree is a level 8 qualification.	The term the module will be taught in. : Autumn term : Spring term : Summer term : Full year  : Autumn and Spring terms Spring and Summer terms Autumn and Summer terms

COMPONENT 01: COMPULSORY

View Human Rights - Research on our Module Directory

Our PhD includes a number of formal study requirements and, if you have not previously studied human rights at Masters' level, you will be required to attend the principal core module provided by our Human Rights Centre in order to develop a knowledge and understanding of multi and interdisciplinary perspectives upon the theory and application of human rights.

In addition, you will be expected to participate in our fortnightly meetings of our HRC Doctoral Affiliates' Network, which comprises research student presentations and career development workshops. Finally, you have to demonstrate that you are progressing satisfactorily through your participation in regular progress meetings. During your second and third years, you continue your work towards your PhD.

Dissertation

Within our Human Rights Centre, your PhD thesis must normally be submitted for examination within four years of first registration. The maximum length for a PhD thesis by research is 80,000 words.

Home/UK fee

£4,786 per year

International fee

£18,750 per year

Fees will increase for each academic year of study.

Masters fees and funding information

Research (e.g. PhD) fees and funding information

What's next

We hold Open Days for all our applicants throughout the year. Our Colchester Campus events are a great way to find out more about studying at Essex, and give you the chance to:

• tour our campus and accommodation
• find out answers to your questions about our courses, graduate employability, student support and more
• talk to our Fees and Funding team about scholarship opportunities
• meet our students and staff

If the dates of our organised events aren’t suitable for you, feel free to get in touch by emailing [email protected] and we’ll arrange an individual campus tour for you.

2024 Open Days (Colchester Campus)

• Saturday 21 September 2024 - September Open Day
• Saturday 26 October 2024 - October Open Day

You can apply for our postgraduate courses online . You'll need to provide us with your academic qualifications, as well as supporting documents such as transcripts, English language qualifications and certificates. You can find a list of necessary documents online, but please note we won't be able to process your application until we have everything we need.

There is no application deadline and we aim to respond to applications within four weeks. If we are able to offer you a place, you will be contacted via email.

We encourage you to make a preliminary enquiry directly to a potential supervisor or the Graduate Administrator within your chosen Department or School. We encourage the consideration of a brief research proposal prior to the submission of a full application.

Visit Colchester Campus

Set within 200 acres of  award-winning  parkland - Wivenhoe Park  and located two miles from the  historic city centre of Colchester – England's oldest recorded development. Our Colchester Campus is also easily reached from London and Stansted Airport in under one hour.

Virtual tours

If you live too far away to come to Essex (or have a busy lifestyle), no problem. Our 360 degree virtual tour allows you to explore the Colchester Campus from the comfort of your home. Check out our accommodation options, facilities and social spaces.

At Essex we pride ourselves on being a welcoming and inclusive student community. We offer a wide range of support to individuals and groups of student members who may have specific requirements, interests or responsibilities.

The University makes every effort to ensure that this information on its programme specification is accurate and up-to-date. Exceptionally it can be necessary to make changes, for example to courses, facilities or fees. Examples of such reasons might include, but are not limited to: strikes, other industrial action, staff illness, severe weather, fire, civil commotion, riot, invasion, terrorist attack or threat of terrorist attack (whether declared or not), natural disaster, restrictions imposed by government or public authorities, epidemic or pandemic disease, failure of public utilities or transport systems or the withdrawal/reduction of funding. Changes to courses may for example consist of variations to the content and method of delivery of programmes, courses and other services, to discontinue programmes, courses and other services and to merge or combine programmes or courses. The University will endeavour to keep such changes to a minimum, and will also keep students informed appropriately by updating our programme specifications . The University would inform and engage with you if your course was to be discontinued, and would provide you with options, where appropriate, in line with our Compensation and Refund Policy.

The full Procedures, Rules and Regulations of the University governing how it operates are set out in the Charter, Statutes and Ordinances and in the University Regulations, Policy and Procedures.

Want to quiz us about your course? Got a question that just needs answering? Get in touch with us on live chat!

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Lene Guercke

Senior researcher, investigations, human rights center.

Lene Guercke , PhD, is a senior researcher at the Human Rights Center. She is currently working on a book manuscript based on her PhD thesis on disappearances committed by organized criminal groups with a particular focus on Mexico. As part of the HRC’s Investigations Program she supports several digital investigations. Prior to joining HRC, Lene worked as independent human rights researcher and consultant on a variety of subjects, including enforced disappearances and attacks on land and environmental defenders. She holds a PhD in Law from the University of Leuven, an MA in Human Rights from University College London, and a BA in International Law and International Politics and Peace and Conflict Studies from London Metropolitan University. Before embarking on her PhD research, she spent several years working in civil society organisations in Mexico, mainly in the field of migration.

International Human Rights LLM

Postgraduate taught degree

This course is for 2024/25 entry.

Details for 2025/26 entry are also available.

Key information

Discover how human rights can be protected by international law and accelerate your career in a related field with this unique LLM degree. You will examine profound issues concerning human rights from angles including minority protection, war and international crime. The course is delivered using a hybrid model of delivery enabling students to either attend in person on campus or online.

Choose from multiple start dates

• September 2024
• January 2025

City, University of London

Northampton Square

• Online sessions
• Open evening
• Register interest

Study on campus in London or online

Unique understanding of international human rights through different legal perspectives

September of January start.

• Course overview

Teaching and assessment

Fees and funding, how to apply, international human rights llm course overview, benefits of this course.

You will develop an appreciation of how international law intervenes to protect human rights and where gaps exist in international law.

We enable you intellectually to examine international human rights from various perspectives including the prosecution of international criminals, war and minority protection.

Our LLM International Human Rights programme also covers how the law of war protects the civilian population and how far the rights of indigenous peoples are safeguarded by international law.

Your learning will be enhanced by our expert academics and your own independent studies.

You can select to apply for one of the available exit points for this course.

Master of Laws (LLM)

Who is this course for.

This LLM International Human Rights programme is ideal if you have a passion for human rights in the context of international law.

You may be targeting a career in human rights law or policy at domestic and international levels.

You can also choose from a small selection of modules from our MA in International Politics to achieve a politically rounded view of law (although please note that this option is only available for study on campus).

• Full-time: 1 year
• Part-time: 2 years

Total credits: 180

Made up of:

• Elective modules (150 credits)
• Research project module (30 credits)

PGDip Total credits: 150 If you successfully complete 150 credits , you have the opportunity to graduate with a Postgraduate Diploma in Law.

PGCert Total credits: 30 If you successfully complete 30 credits , you have the opportunity to graduate with a Postgraduate Certificate in Law.

As with all Master of Laws (LLM) specialisms  in The City Law School, you will complete 5 taught modules (30 credits each) and a 30 credit research project/dissertation.

All taught modules run across a 10week term (September – December or January – April) rather than the whole academic year.

You will take three modules in one term and two in the other. Research Projects/Dissertations are written during the summer term when there are no classes, but you will participate in a series of skills workshops to support your work on this module, which take place during teaching periods

In order to obtain this specialism, you must choose at least two modules from within this specialism and write your research project/dissertation on a subject within the specialism.

As with all LLM specialisms, you will also have a choice of any of the modules on our Law LLM .

Not all elective modules will run every academic year and are subject to sufficient numbers of students choosing them and staff availability.

Elective modules

Public International Law (30 credits)

The module aims to facilitate an understanding of Public International Law and its function in the international legal order. It explores the foundations of Public International Law as a discipline as well as investigating its practical application.

International Criminal Law: Crimes and Institutions (30 credits)

In this module you will learn about core international crimes and how the international system decides which acts are to punished, who are the perpetrators and what court can pass judgement on them.

International Human Rights in Law and Practice (30 credits)

This module focuses on international human rights law’s philosophy, rules and structure, as well as looking at the perspective of the UN rights infrastructure, regional bodies, and international NGOs.

Law and War (30 credits)

This module deals with the legal regime governing the use of force and the legal regulation of armed conflict. It will look at both conceptual and practical aspects.

Minorities and Indigenous Peoples in International Law (30 credits)

In this module you will learn the developing legal principles that cover the rights of minorities and indigenous peoples. The module will address the relevant issues in a legal, political and moral context.

Dissertation

Research Project or Dissertation (30 Credits)

You will be required to complete a 10,000 word research project or dissertation on a subject relating to International Human Rights Law. This provides you with the opportunity to undertake a piece of original, independent research, building on and focussed on the topic or topics that are of particular interest to you. This research can be conducted in form of a theoretical dissertation or a more practical self-selected research project approved by your appointed supervisor. Thus, the particular format of your work will depend on the particular subject area, case studies, research questions or project objectives you choose and may include reviewing literature or doing a work-based research project.

Programme specification

The programme specification contains more information on how the course is organised, the requirements for progression for each part and credits required for awards.

Download course specification:

• LALMLLM02 Master of Laws LLM

You will learn from leading academics and visiting practitioners.

For each taught module you will engage with one lecture and one seminar per week over a ten week period.

You will be assessed mainly through coursework, with each module contributing equally to your qualification. Some modules may be assessed by filmed assessment or examination or other form of assessment.

You will also have a range of skills workshops spread across the programme. These will cover topics such as legal research, academic writing and developing a project/dissertation topic. These sessions will both enhance your skills and support your work on the project/dissertation. You will also be assigned a project/dissertation supervisor who will provide one-to-one support.

Hybrid teaching

Our LLM programmes are designed for hybrid learning. You have the choice of studying on campus in London or online from anywhere in the world.

You can follow all classes synchronously and asynchronously. However, please note that all live teaching, personal tutoring and dissertation supervision will take place between 9am – 6pm UK time.

Classroom technology enables academic staff to present to their class and lead discussion with students on campus and online simultaneously.

All classroom teaching is supplemented by online materials.

All classes are recorded and can easily be accessed at any time if you wanted to follow the classes asynchronously.

If you intend to study fully online please email [email protected] to confirm this once you have submitted your application. Please note that it will not be possible to change your mode of study during the course.

Fees for academic year 2024/25

Explore up-to-date information about funding options, available financial support and typical living costs.

10% Loyalty Discount

We offer City students a loyalty discount upon enrolling on a second course at The City Law School. All you need to do is meet the entry requirements for your second course (postgraduate level) and we will automatically take 10% off of your tuition fees.

This can be received in addition to receiving a scholarship and will be applied to the second round of payments due.

Additional expenses

Some of our degrees may involve additional expenses which are not covered by your tuition fees.  Find out more about additional expenses .

Our bursaries are non-repayable sums of money granted by the University, usually based on need.

Our loans are repayable sums of money granted by the University or other body.

Our scholarships are when the University pays towards your Study fees. You may also be eligible for further funding.

The specialist International Human Rights LLM will enhance your prospects for a career in human rights or policy.

You will graduate with a strong set of relevant skills and be well positioned for a diverse range of legal and non-legal careers. You could work:

• in private practice
• in-house at a law firm
• in policy and government
• in non-governmental organisations
• in non-legal careers.

You may also want to continue your academic studies at The City Law School by enrolling in a PhD.

The City Law School maintains a list of organisations offering internships. Our academic staff and the City Careers Service can advise you on career choices and options.

Gain experience

You will also have the opportunity to participate in skills enhancing extra-curricular activity such as mooting or pro bono work via our LawIRL (in real life) Programme.

Entry requirements

Below is a list of countries with information on each about which qualifications we accept. If your country is not listed please email [email protected] .

We are interested in receiving applications from individuals with at least an upper second-class honours undergraduate degree in law (or international equivalent) from a recognised international institution. Applicants with an undergraduate degree in another subject will also be considered.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Zimbabwean equivalent required.

The equivalents provided are intended as a guide only and individual applications are assessed on a case-by-case basis.

Zimbabwean Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with a 2:1 (65%) equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and a 2:2 (60%) equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

If you don't meet the entry requirements please check to see if there is a suitable preparatory programme available for your course at INTO City, University of London or Kaplan International College London .

Visa requirements

International Students coming to study in the UK may need to apply for a visa or entry clearance to come to the UK to study. The way that you apply may vary depending on the length of your course. There are different rules for:

• Students on courses of more than six months
• Students on courses of less than six months

For more information see our main Visa page .

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Zambian equivalent required.

Zambian Masters degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.5 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 3.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Vietnamese equivalent required.

Vietnamese Bachelor degrees (Bang Tot Nghiep Dai Hoc or Bang Cu Nhan) from selected institutions are typically accepted with 7 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 6.5 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Uzbekistani equivalent required.

Uzbekistani Bachelor / Bakalavr degrees are typically accepted with 71% equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 55% equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Ukrainian equivalent required.

Ukrainian Bachelor / Specialist Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with a GPA 4.3 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 4.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Ugandan equivalent required.

Ugandan Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with GPA 4.0/5.0 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 3.0/5.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the US equivalent required.

US Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.2 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.5 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Emirati equivalent required.

Emirati Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.2 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.5 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Turkish equivalent required.

Turkish Bachelor / Lisans Diplomasi degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.2 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.7 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Tunisian equivalent required.

Tunisian Bachelor / Diplome degrees are typically accepted with 14 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 12 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Trinidad and Tobago

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Trinidadian and Tobagonian equivalent required.

University of the West Indies Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with a 2.1 (grade B+) equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and a 2:2 (grade B) equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Thai equivalent required.

Depending on the awarding institution Thai 4 year Bachelors degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.0 to 3.2 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.6 to 2.8 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Tanzanian equivalent required.

Tanzanian Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with a 2:1 or 60% equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and a 2:2 or 50% equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Taiwanese equivalent required.

Taiwanese Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with 75% or grade B equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 70% or grade C equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Syrian equivalent required.

Depending on the awarding institution Syrian Bachelor degrees or Licence are typically accepted with 70-80% or 'very good' equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 60-70% or 'good' equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Switzerland

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Swiss equivalent required.

Swiss Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with 4.75 out of 6.0, 8 out of 10 or 2 out of 5 (5 to 1 scale) equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 4.0 out of 6.0, 6 out of 10 or 3 out of 5 (5 to 1 scale equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

International Students from within the European Economic Area (EEA) may need to apply for a Student visa or entry clearance to come to the UK to study if they do not have EU Settlement Status.

• Students on courses of less than six months.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Swedish equivalent required.

Swedish Bachelor degrees or Kandidatexamen are typically accepted with B- 180 ECTS minimum overall or at least 50% of credits graded at VG overall equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and C- (180 ECTS minimum overall) or at least 20% of credits graded at VG overall equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Sri Lankan equivalent required.

Sri Lankan 4 year Bachelor Special Degrees or Professional Degrees are typically accepted with a 2:1, grade B+ or GPA 3.3 out of 4.0 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and a 2:2, grade B or GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Spanish equivalent required.

Spanish Título de Licenciado, Título de Ingeniero and Título de Arquitecto are typically accepted with 7 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 6 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

South Korea

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the South Korean equivalent required.

South Korean Bachelor degrees (Haksa) are typically accepted with GPA 3.5 out of 4.5 or grade B equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 3.0 out of 4.6 or grade C equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

South Africa

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the South African equivalent required.

South African Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with a 2:1 or 70% equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and a 2:2 or 60% equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Slovenian equivalent required.

Slovenian Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with 8 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 7 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Slovakian equivalent required.

Slovakian Bakalar degrees are typically accepted with GPA 1.5 - 2.0 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 2.0 - 2.5 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Singaporean equivalent required.

Singaporean Bachelor and Bachelor Honours degrees are typically accepted GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 or 3.8 out of 5.0 or II (upper) - Second Class (Upper) Honours equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.5 out of 4.0 or 3.3 out of 5.0 or II (lower) - Second Class (lower) Honours equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Serbian equivalent required.

Advanced Diploma of Higher Education and Diplomirani are typically accepted with 8 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 7 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Saudi Arabia

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Saudi Arabian equivalent required.

Saudi Arabian Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.2 out of 4.0 or GPA 4.0 out of 5.0 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.4 out of 4.0 or GPA 3.0 out of 5.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Rwandan equivalent required.

Rwandan Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with a 2:1 or 16 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and a 2:2 or 14 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Russian equivalent required.

Russian Bachelor or Specialist Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with GPA 4.3 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 4.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Romanian equivalent required.

Romanian Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with 8 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 7 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Qatari equivalent required.

Qatari Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 or GPA 3.6 out of 5.0 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.4 out of 4.0 or GPA 3.0 out of 5.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Portuguese equivalent required.

Portuguese Licenciado are typically accepted with 14 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 12 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Polish equivalent required.

Polish Bachelor / Licencjat or Magister degrees are typically accepted with GPA 4.5 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 3.5 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Philippines

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Filipino equivalent required.

Filipino Masters degree from any recognised institution and Bachelor degrees from selected institutions (i.e. Asian Institute of Management, Ateneo de Manila University, De La Salle University Manila, University of Santo Tomas, University of the Philippines Diliman) are typically accepted with GPA 3.0 out of 4.0, GPA 1.75 out of 5 or 86% equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.5 out of 4.0, GPA 2.5 out of 5 or 80% equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Peruvian equivalent required.

Peruvian Grado Académico de Bachiller or Título de Licenciado or Título (Profesional) degrees are typically accepted with 14 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 12 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Palestinian equivalent required.

Palestinian Bachelor or Bakalorius degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.2 out of 4.0 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.6 out of 4.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Pakistani equivalent required.

Pakistani 4 year Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.2 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.6 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Omani equivalent required.

Omani Bachelor or Licence degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.0 typically equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.4 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Norwegian equivalent required.

Norwegian Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with a B grade typically equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and a C grade equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Nigerian equivalent required.

Nigerian Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with a 2:1 or GPA 3.5 out of 5.0 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and a 2:2 or GPA 2.7 out of 5.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

New Zealand

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the New Zealand equivalent required.

New Zealand 4-year Bachelor degrees with Honours are typically accepted with Second Class (Division 1) Honours equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree, and Second Class (Division 2) Honours equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

New Zealand 3-year Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with B+ overall equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and C+ overall equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Netherlands

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Dutch equivalent required.

Dutch Bachelor degrees or Doctoraal are typically accepted with 7 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 6 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honour Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Nepali equivalent required.

Nepali 4-year Bachelor degrees (post 2017) are typically accepted with GPA 3.3 out of 4.0 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Burmese equivalent required.

Burmese Masters degrees are typically accepted with 70% equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 60% equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Moroccan equivalent required.

Moroccan Bachelors, Licence or Diplome degrees are typically accepted with 14 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 12 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Mexican equivalent required.

Mexican Titulo de Licenciado are typically accepted with 8 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 7 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Mauritian equivalent required.

Mauritian Bachelor degrees are accepted with a 2:1 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and a 2:2 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Maltese equivalent required.

Maltese Bachelor Honours degrees are accepted with a 2:1 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and a 2:2 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

International Students from within the European Economic Area (EEA) may need to apply for a visa or entry clearance to come to the UK to study. The way that you apply may vary depending on the length of your course. There are different rules for:

• EEA nationals joining the programme in 2021 and EEA nationals joining from January 2022

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Malaysian equivalent required.

Malaysian Bachelor degrees from Berdaya Saing (Competitive) institutions are typically accepted with GPA 3.0 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree, and GPA 2.6 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Malaysian Bachelor degrees from Berdaya Maju (Viable) institutions are typically accepted with GPA 3.2 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree, and GPA 2.8 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Macanese equivalent required.

Macanese Bachelor degrees or Grau de Licenciatura are typically accepted with GPA 3.2 or B+ equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.7 or B- equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

For more information  see our main Visa page .

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Luxembourgian equivalent required.

Luxembourgian Bachelors degrees are typically accepted with 14 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 12 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Lithuanian equivalent required.

Lithuanian Bakalauras or Magistras are typically accepted with 8 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 7 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Lebanese equivalent required.

The equivalents provided are intended as a guide only and individual applications are assessed on a case by case basis.

Lebanese License or Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.2 or 13 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.5 or 12 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Latvian equivalent required.

Latvian Bakaluara Diploms are typically accepted with 7 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 6 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Laotian equivalent required.

Laotian Masters degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.0 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.6 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Kuwaiti equivalent required.

Kuwaiti Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.2 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.6 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Kenyan equivalent required.

Kenyan Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with 2:1 (60%) equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 2:2 (50%) equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Kazakhstani equivalent required.

Kazakhstani Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with GPA 4.3/ 5.0 or GPA 3.3 / 4.0 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 4.0 / 5.0 or 3.0 /4.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Jordanian equivalent required.

Jordanian Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.0 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.5 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Japanese equivalent required.

Japanese Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.0, grade B or 80% equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.5, grade C or 70% equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Jamaican equivalent required.

University of the West Indies Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with a 2.1 (65%) equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and a 2:2 (55%) equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Italian equivalent required.

Italian Diploma di Laurea degrees are typically accepted with 104 (out of 110) equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 94 (out of 110) equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Israeli equivalent required.

Israeli Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with 80% equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 65% equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Irish equivalent required.

Irish Bachelor Honours degrees are accepted with a 2:1 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and a 2:2 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Iraqi equivalent required.

Iraqi Bachelor degrees from selected institutions are typically accepted with 75% equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 60% equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Iranian equivalent required.

Iranian Bachelor degrees (Licence Kharshenasi) are typically accepted with 15 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 13 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Indonesian equivalent required.

Depending on their accreditation Indonesian S1 / Sarjana and Dip IV (Sarjana Terapa) are typically accepted with GPA 3.0 to 3.2 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.7 to 2.9 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Indian equivalent required.

Depending on the awarding institution Indian 3 year Bachelor (Honours) or Bachelor (Special) degrees are typically accepted with 60 to 70% (7/10 to 8/10) equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 50 to 60% (6/10 to 7/10) equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Icelandic equivalent required.

Icelandic Baccalaurreatus degrees are typically accepted with 7.25 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 6.5 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Hungarian equivalent required.

Hungarian Bachelors degrees or University Diplomas are typically accepted with GPA 4 out of 5 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 3 out of 5 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Hong Kong equivalent required.

Hong Kong Bachelor Honours degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.0 (or second class honours upper division) equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.5 (or second class honours lower) equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Greek equivalent required.

Greek Bachelor degrees or Ptychion are typically accepted with 7.0 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 6 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Ghanaian equivalent required.

Ghanaian Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with 2:1 (GPA 3.2/4.0) equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 2:2 (GPA 2.5/4.0) equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the German equivalent required.

German Magister Artium / Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with 2.5 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 3.5 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the French equivalent required.

French License are typically accepted with 12 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 11 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Finnish equivalent required.

Finnish Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.5 out of 5 or 2.0 out of 3.0 typically equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.5 out of 5 or 1.4 out of 3.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Ethiopian equivalent required.

Ethiopian Masters degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.5 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 3.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Estonian equivalent required.

Estonian Bakalaurusekraad degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.5 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Egyptian equivalent required.

Egyptian Bachelors degrees are typically accepted with 75% equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 65% equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Ecuadorian equivalent required.

Ecuadorian 4 year Título de Licenciado or Título de [subject area] are typically accepted with 80%, 8.0/10 or 18/20 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 70%, 7.0/10 or 14/20 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Danish equivalent required.

Danish Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with grade 6 - 7 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 4 - 5 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Czech Republic

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Czech equivalent required.

Czech Bachelor degrees or Bakalar are typically accepted with 2+ equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 2 or 2- equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Cypriot equivalent required.

Cypriot Bachelor degree or Ptychio are typically accepted with GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 (7.0 out of 10) equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.5 / 4.0 (6 out of 10) equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Croatian equivalent required.

Croatian Bachelor degree or Baccalaureus or Baccalaurea are typically accepted with GPA 4.0 / 5.0 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 3.0 / 5.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Colombian equivalent required.

Colombian 4 year Licenciado en [subject area] or Título de [subject area] or Profesional en [subject area] or Maestro en [subject area] degrees are typically accepted with GPA 4.0 / 5.0 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 3.5 / 5.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Chinese equivalent required.

Depending on the awarding institution Chinese 4 year Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with 75 to 80% (GPA 3.0 to 3.3 out of 4.0) equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 70 to 75% (GPA 2.8 to 3.0 out of 4.0) equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Chilean equivalent required.

Chilean 4 year Grado de Licenciado en [subject area] degrees are typically accepted with GPA 5.5 / 7.0 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 5.0 / 7.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Canadian equivalent required.

Canadian Bachelor degrees / Baccalauréat degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.2 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.5 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Cameroonian equivalent required.

Cameroonian Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with 18/20 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 16/20 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Cambodian equivalent required.

Cambodian Masters degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 or 70% equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.5 out of 4.0 or 60% equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Bulgarian equivalent required.

Bulgarian Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with GPA 4.75 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 4.0 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Bruneian equivalent required.

Bruneian Bachelor (Honours) degrees are typically accepted with an Upper Second Class Honours classification equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and a Lower Secind Class Honours classification equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Brazilian equivalent required.

Brazilian 4 year Título de Bacharel or Título de [subject area] or Título de Licenciado are typically accepted with 7.5/10 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 6.5/10 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Botswanan equivalent required.

Botswanan Masters degrees are typically accepted with 80% (A grade) equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 70% (B grade) equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Bolivian equivalent required.

Bolivian 4 year Licenciado or Título de [subject area] are typically accepted with 75% equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 64% equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Belgian equivalent required.

Belgian Bachelor degrees (Bachelier) are typically accepted with 70% (14/20) equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 60% (12/20) equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Barbadian equivalent required.

The University of the West Indies Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with a 2.1 (65%) equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and a 2:2 (55%) equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Bangladeshi equivalent required.

Bangladeshi Bachelor degrees (from selected universities) and Masters degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.25 out of 4.0 or 65% equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 or 60% equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Bahraini equivalent required.

Bahraini Bachelors degrees are typically accepted with GPA 3.0 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.3 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Azerbaijani equivalent required.

Azerbaijani Bachelors / Bakalavr Diplomu degrees are typically accepted with GPA 4.5 out of 5.0 (80%) equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 4.0 out of 5.0 (70%) equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Austrian equivalent required.

Austrian Bachelor degrees are accepted with GPA 2.5 typically equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 3.5 typically equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Australian equivalent required.

Australian Bachelor Honours degrees are typically accepted with 70% (Second Class Division A) equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 60% (Second Class Division B) equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Australian Bachelor degrees are typically accepted with 70% (Distinction) equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 60% (Credit) equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Argentine equivalent required.

Argentine 4 year Titulo / Grado de Licenciado or Titulo de [subject area] are typically accepted with 7.5 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 6.0 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Algerian equivalent required.

Algerian Bachelors, Licence and Diplome degrees are typically accepted with 15 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 13 out of 20 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Albanian equivalent required.

Second Level Integrated Diploma (5 years) and First Level University Diploma are typically accepted with 8 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and 7 out of 10 equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

Afghanistan

Please refer to the UK entry requirements for the course, check for any prerequisites such as compulsory or preferred subject areas, and use the following as an indication of the Afghan equivalent required.

Afghan Master's degrees from any recognised institution and Bachelor of Science (Engineering) from Kabul University are typically accepted with GPA 3.0 out of 4.0 or 80% overall equivalent to a UK 2:1 (second-class upper) Honours Bachelor degree and GPA 2.4 out of 4.0 or 70% overall equivalent to a UK 2:2 (second-class lower) Honours Bachelor degree.

If you are unable to find your country equivalents in the above list, City will consider other international qualifications on a case by case basis.

For further details, please contact us using the contact details at the bottom of this page.

English language requirements

If you are an applicant whose first language is not English, and you have not successfully completed an academic qualification at least equivalent to a UK bachelor’s degree which was taught in a majority English-speaking country as defined by UK Visas and Immgration, the following qualifications (or equivalent) are also required:

• IELTS: 7.0 or above with a minimum of 6 in each area
• For the LLM we require an overall TOEFL score of 100 or better, with a minimum of 25 in Speaking, and at least 24 in every other component of the test.

English language programmes

Don’t meet the English language requirements?  INTO City, University of London offers English language programmes to help prepare you for study at university. These intensive and flexible courses are designed to improve your English ability for entry to degree courses.

Application process

When you apply you will be expected to submit the following:

• One application form
• A short personal statement (c800-1200 words) outlining why you are applying for this programme
• A copy of your degree transcript: We require an original transcript or a copy certified by your institution. If you have not yet graduated, you will be required to send us your degree transcript as soon as it is available. You will not be able to register as a City student without having supplied your degree transcript.
• Please note: At least one academic reference is required in order for us to assess your application. However, the admissions tutor may permit professional references if you have been out of higher education for a number of years.

If you have any enquiries please contact:

Email: [email protected]

September 2024 entry

• Apply online for LLM International Human Rights with full-time study in London
• Apply online for LLM International Human Rights with part-time study in London

January 2025 entry

Contact the postgraduate team.

Telephone: 020 7040 8877

Email: [email protected]

Our academics

Your studies are supported by a team of committed and enthusiastic teachers and researchers, experts in their chosen field. On occasion we also work with external professionals to enhance your learning and appreciation of the wider subject.

Katherine Reece Thomas

Associate Professor

Academic law programmes

Dr Andrew Wolman

Senior Lecturer - Education and Research

Our students

Ask a student.

Want to find out more about student life? Chat with our student ambassadors and ask any question you have

Housing and student life

Accommodation and housing  

We offer accommodation options and support for all postgraduate students. Our dedicated Accommodation Service can help you to find private accommodation in London if required.

Student wellbeing  

Our extensive support network spans from learning support and disability support through to counselling, financial advice and career advice. Please do tell us if you need our help.

Living in London  

We are based in the heart of one of the most vibrant and colourful cities in the world. London offers a rich variety of cultural experiences far beyond your studies.

What's happening

Nov  06

Postgraduate Open Evening

Join us at our Postgraduate Open Evening to learn more about our postgraduate courses and discover all the benefits of studying at City, University of London.

Wednesday, 6 th November 2024 , 17:00 – 19:00

Location: Northampton Square

Audience: Prospective students

Monday, 5 th August 2024

“We continue to fight for our minds”: Art Not Evidence makes the case against using drill lyrics as evidence in court

Dr Lambros Fatsis curates event "Art Not Evidence: All Angles" to discuss why drill music lyrics should not be used in court as evidence.

Using company law to make a fairer, more sustainable, society

Professor Nina Boeger’s new book, ‘Rethinking Governance in Public Service Outsourcing: Private Delivery in Sustainable Ownership’, proposes a fresh way forward

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Useful links

• The City Law School
• Law at City, University of London

Contact details

Postgraduate admissions office.

020 7040 8877

[email protected]

• Human Rights

  Human Rights

University of london, school of advanced study  .

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About the Programme

Register your interest now.

Undertaking doctoral research allows you to develop in-depth knowledge, while making a meaningful contribution to your chosen field.

With guidance from our expert supervisors, you'll carry out extensive independent research culminating in a thesis of up to 100,000 words. Broadly speaking the focus of research degrees has increasingly been on the humanities and cognate social sciences, particularly on the subjects of human rights, globalization and development, politics, and Commonwealth history.

This degree presents the opportunity to gain expertise in your area of interest while also honing a range of transferable skills. On completing this course, you'll be well prepared for specialist career paths both within academia and beyond.

Subject Areas and Supervisors

The Institute of Commonwealth Studies offers doctoral research supervision in the following broad areas:

• Human rights
• Indigenous peoples
• Genocide studies
• The foreign and defence policies of Commonwealth countries
• The politics, governance and development of South Asia
• African politics, governance and development
• Ethnicity: conflict and accommodation in plural societies
• The Mediterranean and the colonial powers
• Protection of refugees
• Minority and Indigenous rights protection
• Dynamics of armed conflict and forced displacement
• Twentieth-century British and Commonwealth History
• Globalisation, security and conflict
• The Commonwealth as an international organisation
• British Imperial history, including decolonization
• European colonialism in comparative perspective
• Post-colonial legacies in the Commonwealth and beyond
• Non-governmental public actors, civil society and development
• Local government and decentralisation
• British and Commonwealth intelligence communities

Before submitting an application you are advised to contact a member of the Institute's academic staff who has interests in your proposed field of study to discuss your proposal. A list of academic staff and their interests can be found here.

Funding Notes

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Human Rights MA

London, Bloomsbury

The Human Rights MA develops the skills and theoretical tools necessary for a human rights career .. It provides an understanding of the foundations, nature, limits and implementation of human rights. Students are introduced to philosophical, legal and policy issues and encouraged to engage with them in a critical way.

UK tuition fees (2024/25)

Overseas tuition fees (2024/25), programme starts, applications accepted.

Applications closed

Applications open

• Entry requirements

As a minimum, an upper second-class Bachelor's degree from a UK university or an overseas qualification of an equivalent standard; Applicants should ideally have a background in any social, historical, political science or humanities subject (history, international relations, philosophy, law, political theory, geography, development studies, economics) or a related subject. Relevant practical or work experience in a related field may also be taken into account.

The English language level for this programme is: Level 4

UCL Pre-Master's and Pre-sessional English courses are for international students who are aiming to study for a postgraduate degree at UCL. The courses will develop your academic English and academic skills required to succeed at postgraduate level.

Further information can be found on our English language requirements page.

Equivalent qualifications

Country-specific information, including details of when UCL representatives are visiting your part of the world, can be obtained from the International Students website .

International applicants can find out the equivalent qualification for their country by selecting from the list below. Please note that the equivalency will correspond to the broad UK degree classification stated on this page (e.g. upper second-class). Where a specific overall percentage is required in the UK qualification, the international equivalency will be higher than that stated below. Please contact Graduate Admissions should you require further advice.

About this degree

The MA in Human Rights is a unique multidisciplinary programme that will provide you with a comprehensive introduction to the theoretical foundations, legal framework and international politics of human rights. The programme bridges the theory and practice of human rights and is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills necessary to become an effective human rights practitioner. To this end, strong emphasis is placed on:

a) developing your ability to engage critically with human rights, bringing disciplines of political science, law and philosophy, and their respective approaches, to bear on them;

b) providing you with intellectually challenging tasks that will allow you to improve your analytical and problem-solving skills;

c) introducing you to the normative, legal and political challenges with the promotion and protection of human rights in practice, and fostering your ability to develop and advance viable forward strategies to address such challenges;

d) providing you with the theoretical and practical skills necessary to become an effective human rights practitioner, whether in politics, policy, law, or as frontline service providers for governmental agencies or non-governmental organisations.

Who this course is for

The programme is suitable for graduates with an interest in human rights, who wish to develop a career in this field, or use the MA as a foundation for further research.

What this course will give you

UCL Political Science is recognised as a centre of excellence in the field and offers a uniquely stimulating environment for the study of human rights. The course is taught and overseen by researchers and practitioners active in the human rights research field. There is an integrated research and teaching approach, where key and cutting edge areas are brought into the seminar room for discussion, and students are encouraged to carry out original research into these areas. This is displayed by the high caliber and originality of our student's dissertation research projects. Students benefit from weekly seminars featuring distinguished external speakers, and regular high-profile events for policymakers. The research preparation and tailor-made interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary training students receive are of the highest standard available at one of the world's top universities, as reflected in UCL's performance in a range of rankings and tables.

The foundation of your career

The MA in Human Rights has been running for over 10 years with graduates working in an impressive number of international, national, governmental and nongovernmental institutions and organisations as researchers, policy-makers and campaigners, including the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and the United Nations Development Programme, the UK Foreign Office, Amnesty International, the international Committee of the Red Cross, from the British Institute for Human Rights to the Council of Europe, and in countries as diverse as Croatia, Jordan, Brazil, United States, Argentina, Pakistan, Uganda, Georgia and Hong Kong. Some of our students have gone on to become human rights lawyers, while others have pursued PhDs and have become human rights academics.

Employability

The Human Rights MA is a challenging, formative experience that provides the foundations for a variety of future careers in an impressive number of international, national, governmental and non-governmental institutions and organisations.

Students will have the opportunity to meet with leading academics and experts within the Human Rights field.

Teaching and learning

Teaching on the MA in Human Rights programme is multidisciplinary and draws the departments world-class expertise in human rights, international politics, public policy and international peace and security studies. The course is taught and overseen by researchers and practitioners active in the promotion and protection of human rights. The MA in Human Rights is delivered through weekly lectures and seminars and takes an integrated research and teaching approach, where the key and cutting-edge areas are brought into the seminar room for discussion, and students are encouraged to carry out original research into these areas.

Programme assessment includes a variety of methods: essays, seminar presentations, and examinations, as well as a final dissertation.

Some of the optional courses will have their own methods of assessment which may include ‘unseen’ examinations and long essays. Meeting with tutors will also be used to assess if students are making adequate progress towards the goals mentioned. The programme has an integrated research and teaching approach, where key and cutting-edge areas are brought into the seminar room for discussion, and students are encouraged to carry out original research into these areas. Assessment is through essays, unseen examination, seminar presentations, and the dissertation.

150 hours is allocated to each 15 credit module. This includes 20 contact hours and 130 study hours.

Modules on the MA in Human Rights Programme typically consist of a weekly lecture followed by a weekly seminar. Lectures will augment assigned readings and will introduce you to the key concepts, issues and controversies surrounding specific areas of human rights. Seminars will provide a forum for you to engage with the lecture content through presentations, discussions, debates and practical scenarios designed to promote critical analysis and practical application.

You will undertake modules to the value of 180 credits, comprising four compulsory modules on theoretical foundations of human rights; international law and human rights; doing human rights work; human rights politics and practice; at least one methods module, and a dissertation. You will further attend elective module(s) so you can personalise your programme of study to your own academic or professional interests.

The programme structure for part-time students follows the same structure as our full-time students. We encourage our part-time students to distribute their study evenly between the two years of study. The majority of part-time students opt for one of the following patterns:

• 75 credits in year one and 105 credits in year two;
• 90 credits in year one and 90 credits in year two.

Upon completion you will have undertaken modules to the value of 180 credits, comprising four compulsory modules on theoretical foundations of human rights; international law and human rights; doing human rights work; human rights politics and practice; at least one methods module, and a dissertation. You will have further attended elective module(s) so you can personalise your programme of study to your own academic or professional interests.

Compulsory modules

Optional modules.

Please note that the list of modules given here is indicative. This information is published a long time in advance of enrolment and module content and availability are subject to change. Modules that are in use for the current academic year are linked for further information. Where no link is present, further information is not yet available.

Students undertake modules to the value of 180 credits. Upon successful completion of 180 credits, you will be awarded an MA in Human Rights.

Accessibility

Details of the accessibility of UCL buildings can be obtained from AccessAble accessable.co.uk . Further information can also be obtained from the UCL Student Support and Wellbeing team .

Fees and funding

Fees for this course.

Fee description	Full-time	Part-time
Tuition fees (2024/25)	£19,300	£9,650
Tuition fees (2024/25)	£31,100	£15,550

The tuition fees shown are for the year indicated above. Fees for subsequent years may increase or otherwise vary. Where the programme is offered on a flexible/modular basis, fees are charged pro-rata to the appropriate full-time Master's fee taken in an academic session. Further information on fee status, fee increases and the fee schedule can be viewed on the UCL Students website: ucl.ac.uk/students/fees .

Additional costs

There are no additional costs for this programme.

For more information on additional costs for prospective students please go to our estimated cost of essential expenditure at Accommodation and living costs .

Funding your studies

For a comprehensive list of the funding opportunities available at UCL, including funding relevant to your nationality, please visit the Scholarships and Funding website .

Aziz Foundation Scholarships in Social and Historical Sciences

Value: Full tuition fees (equivalent to 1yr full-time) (1yr) Criteria Based on financial need Eligibility: UK

GREAT Scholarship

Deadline: NOW CLOSED FOR 2024/25 ENTRY Value: £10,000 towards tuition fees (1 year) Criteria Based on both academic merit and financial need Eligibility: EU, Overseas

Students are advised to apply as early as possible due to competition for places. Those applying for scholarship funding (particularly overseas applicants) should take note of application deadlines.

There is an application processing fee for this programme of £90 for online applications and £115 for paper applications. Further information can be found at Application fees .

When we assess your application we would like to learn:

• why you want to study Human Rights at graduate level
• why you want to study Human Rights at UCL
• what particularly attracts you to this programme
• how your personal, academic and professional background meets the demands of a challenging and truly international academic environment
• where you would like to go professionally with your degree

Together with essential academic requirements, the personal statement is your opportunity to illustrate whether your reasons for applying to this programme match what the programme will deliver.

When it is necessary to calculate a final average mark, the department will calculate all years of undergraduate study.

Please note that you may submit applications for a maximum of two graduate programmes (or one application for the Law LLM) in any application cycle.

Choose your programme

Please read the Application Guidance before proceeding with your application.

Year of entry: 2024-2025

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PhDs in Human Rights (Fully Funded)

If you are interested in pursuing your academic career in human rights, there are Universities that offer a variety of funding and financial assistance opportunities for prospective PhD students. Fully funded opportunities are allocated through an university or external funds. Depending on the program, scholarships cover full tuition costs, living expenses and monthly stipends. The following is an overview of 5 fully-funded PhDs in human rights.

International Joint PhD Programme “Human Rights, Society, and Multi-level Governance”

“Human Rights Society and Multi-level governance” is a three-year doctoral joint academic program with interdisciplinary approach. It is coordinated by University of Padova in Italy in partnership with Universities in Australia, Croatia and Cyprus. The goal of this doctorate program is to form researchers with multi-interdisciplinary profile. Thus, during the programme students will have an opportunity to implement various legal, political, social, philosophical and economic approaches and methodologies in the area of human rights.

While students carry out their research and attend courses at the University of first enrolment, they need to spend at least one semester at one of the partner Universities. During that time, they will be supervised by their mentor from the home University and co-mentor from host University, if the student desires to choose co-mentorship. Additionally, students will be required to do internships at both universities.

When applying, students need to send a research proposal together with other needed documents. If approved by the Academic board, the student will be admitted and then undertake his/her research during the next three years. The program includes teaching, courses (mandatory and free of choice), research and training within the area of human rights studies.

The call for admission to this PhD programme for the academic year 2020/2021 is now open! The deadline for submission of application is June 16 th 2020 by 1 pm Italian time. The first preselection meeting of the Evaluating Commission will be held on 6 th July 2020 and by the 8 th of July the Commission will publish the results of the of evaluation qualifications on the following website. In order to be admitted to the examination, the candidate must get a score of at least 7/10 in the preselection.

More information regarding the fees and scholarships can be found on the University of Padova website. Generally, students can apply for full-tuition funding through their home university, while other types of funding are available as well at the Western Sydney University in Australia, Zagreb University Faculty of Law in Croatia, Panteion University – Athens in Greece and University of Nicosia in Cyprus.

PhD in Security, Conflict and Human Rights – University of Bristol

This program is one of the five South West Doctoral Training Partnership interdisciplinary programs, provided in partnership with the Universities of Bath and Exeter. The PhD in Security, Conflict and Human Rights aims at delivering traditional approaches of the security and conflict discourse, together with interdisciplinary perspectives on protection of human rights. Therefore, students are required to articulate clearly their proposed research which must be interdisciplinary in nature.

This PhD program equips researchers and responds directly to challenges. As the focus is put on interdisciplinary, students are required within their proposal to clearly and substantively articulate how and in what ways the proposed research is interdisciplinary in nature. The offer of a place to the program depends on the availability of co-supervision from two staff members from different disciplines, in relation to the student’s proposal. Students are required to identify this in the ‘proposed supervisor’ section of their application.

When it comes to the funding and fees, the Faculty of Social Sciences and Law allocates 1+3 and +3 ESRC scholarships, while students can also apply for other types of funding from the University of Bristol scholarship fund or alumni PhD scholarship fund. Funding is quite competitive and it is available for exceptional research proposals. The tuition fee is $20,152 per year for international students and $5,441 for EU or EEA citizens. However, University of Bristol students and graduates can benefit from a ten per cent reduction in tuition feels for postgraduate study. The application deadline is not fixed for students who wish to apply as self-funded, while the closing date for ESRC scholarships is usually open until the end of January.

The PhD in Security, Conflict and Human rights equips students for a number of different careers. During the years, the students got employment in areas of academia, international security, development and conflict issues, and they have worked as policy researchers, consultants, policy civil servants or the military.

Human Rights PhD – University of Sussex

This PhD program in Human rights goes beyond a narrow legalistic approach. Admitted students are supposed to work under the supervision of faculty experts, while focusing on human rights area in the fields of poverty, violence, identity, globalization, the emergence of global forms of governance etc. Duration of this PhD program is 4 years if enrolled full time or 6 years if enrolled part time. Students may also choose when they want to start – in September, January or May.

In order to apply, prospective students need to write an outline research proposal four to five pages long, stating the nature, ambition, research questions and the methodology of a research proposal. On the website of the University instructions on how to write a research proposal can be found.

Students can choose to study for a PhD or an MPhil. These degrees are different in duration and in the extent of research work. The PhD requires research work that will make a substantial original contribution to knowledge or understanding in a chosen field, whereas for an MPhil, student’s work is considered to be an independent piece of research but in less depth compared to PhD. Students graduate with the degree title Master of Philosophy and are able to change to a PhD while studying for an MPhil.

University of Sussex offers various types of scholarships and interested students should check application deadlines for funding opportunities.

PhD in Human Rights and Global Politics – Scuola Superiore Sant’ Anna

PhD in Human Rights and Global Politics is considered to be strongly interdisciplinary, aiming at providing the knowledge which will enable students to carry out systematic academic research and make them professionals in the field of human rights. After three-year’s program, doctoral students can undertake career within international, national and regional entities, both in private and public sectors. When writing an application, prospective students need to indicate main and complementary research area, choosing between Political Philosophy, Public International Law, Agri-food and Agri-environmental Law and Political Economy. They are strongly advised to explore the website pages of these faculties and research profiles of faculty members and prospective supervisors.

Deadline for application to this PhD program is 4 th June 2020 by 12:00 Rome time. The number of positions eligible for scholarships is four and amongst four scholarships available, two are reserved for students with an academic title earned from a non-Italian University. Application requires research proposal written by following specified guidelines. If admitted, doctoral students will carry out the research during the next three years.

There are no positions opened for self-funded students. Admitted students will receive monthly stipend and all fees covered. The Program accepts application from all over the world, while one or more places are usually reserved for students residing outside European Union. For further information about application process, fees and funding visit the official website.

PhD in Human Rights – Centre for Applied Human Rights – University of York

The University of York offers full funded PhD program in Human rights within its Centre for Applied Human Rights. The Centre undertakes researches on various topics – human rights defenders, human rights practice, human rights and development, legal empowerment, refugee law and policy, responsibility to protect, transitional justice etc. PhD program is supported by the Department of Politics and York Law School and inter-departmental Development and Conflict Working Group and York Law School’s Socio-Legal Research group as well. Besides regular courses, Centre often organizes lectures, workshops and conferences on the topic of human rights issues.

Interested students are invited to make online application, choosing the option of “PhD in Politics” or the “PhD in Law”, depending on their preferences. Potential supervisor should also be stated during the application. Finally, draft dissertation proposal should be submitted following the template provided on the website.

There are different funding opportunities for students who have been accepted into the program. Both University of York and external funders offer financial assistance. There are also part-time employment opportunities as tutors or lecturers. Potential scholarship opportunities and other forms of assistance are discusses with students who have been admitted. Nevertheless, students should keep in mind that many scholarships have early application deadlines.

During past few years, the Centre has successfully nominated and advocated on behalf of prospective students for an awarded and ESRC scholarship funding. In the case of UK students, this funding covers tuition and provides a basic stipend. For international students, this funding is limited and usually covers a certain percentage of tuition. Nevertheless, students seeking funding should apply early in the academic year since ESRC funding decisions are by April. Therefore, to be considered for funding, students should submit their applications by the end of January.

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UN Human Rights Council 56: UK Statement for UPR Adoption of Mauritius

UK Statement for Universal Periodic Review Adoption of the Republic of Mauritius.

To note, this statement was not delivered.

The United Kingdom welcomes the engagement of Mauritius with the Universal Periodic Review process and its commitment to promoting and protecting human rights. We thank Mauritius for its consideration of our recent recommendations.

We welcome Mauritius’ acceptance of our recommendation to fully implement and report regularly on progress of the National Gender Policy and the National Strategy & Action Plan on Gender-Based Violence.

We also welcome that Mauritius, as a Small Island Developing State, accepted our recommendation to report on the impact of climate change on its human rights situation.

The UK invites Mauritius to clarify its position on amending Section 250 of the Criminal Code. This is a vital step in fully implementing the Supreme Court’s decriminalisation of same-sex sexual relations in November 2023, which the UK welcomed, and for safeguarding the rights of LGBT people in Mauritius.

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Becoming an Expert: Understanding how our brains process language

Ieva Andrulyte is a PhD student in the Institute of Systems, Molecular & Integrative Biology. Funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), Ieva focuses on how language is processed in the human brain.

My Journey into Neuroscience

I’ve always had a passion for science and maths. Growing up in a small city in Lithuania, I knew that if I wanted to pursue a career in research, I’d need to move abroad. Despite struggling with English, I took it as a challenge—hired an English tutor, worked hard, and eventually got accepted to study in the UK. At the University of East Anglia (UEA), I studied Molecular Biology and Genetics. While I enjoyed learning about cell biology and genetics, I quickly realised that working in a wet lab wasn’t for me. I broke a pipette, burnt a microscope slide, and had my fair share of failed experiments. These experiences didn’t discourage me from science, but they did make me reconsider where I could best apply my skills.

That’s when I discovered bioinformatics, a field of science that develops methods and software tools for understanding biological data. In my second year, I reached out to a bioinformatics professor and started working in his lab. This was my first experience with computational biology, and I instantly connected with it. I learned programming languages like R and Bash and realised this was the direction I wanted to take. After graduating, I had a decision to make. I had offers to study bioinformatics, but something didn’t feel right. One night, while reading science news and browsing university programmes, I came across neuroimaging and neuroscience. I’d always been fascinated by the brain, and that night, I realised neuroscience combined everything I loved: science, maths, and computation. Without much hesitation, I applied for a Master’s in Neuroimaging at the University of Manchester, and that’s when I found my true passion.

Understanding Language in the Brain

My PhD at the University of Liverpool focuses on how language is processed in the human brain—specifically, language lateralisation. This refers to how our brain organises language in one hemisphere. While in most people language is largely under the control of the left hemisphere (left side of the brain), around 10% of people use the right or both hemispheres. Why this happens is still a mystery. One hypothesis is that structural differences in the brain might explain why some people use different hemispheres for language.

Over the past century, researchers have studied brain structure and language processing, but we still don’t have all the answers. The old idea was that there’s a specific “language centre” in the brain responsible for all aspects of language. But now we know that language processing involves complex networks of white matter tracts that connect different regions of the brain. My research focuses on understanding these networks and how they contribute to language lateralisation.

So far, I’ve conducted several analyses to explore these connections. I’ve worked closely with my supervisors and colleagues, and I’ve also expanded my network through collaborations. One highlight of my research journey was attending the Neurohackademy summer school at the University of Washington, where I learnt the programming language, Python and worked with others to develop a tool that integrates structural and functional brain measures to predict language lateralisation. Another key moment was a three-month research visit to the University of Bordeaux, where I used new software and data to better understand white matter tracts. The findings from this visit have contributed to some of the more exciting chapters in my PhD thesis.

Real-World Impact: From Research to Clinical Practice

Knowing which hemisphere of the brain a person uses for language is crucial in cases of epilepsy or tumour surgery. Currently, functional MRI (fMRI) is the gold standard for determining language lateralisation, but it requires patients to remain still for long periods, which can be challenging for some people. Even after identifying the functional side of the brain, surgeons need to consider the structural pathways connecting those areas to avoid damaging critical language regions during surgery. For instance, I’ve found that people who use both hemispheres for language processing have better connectivity in the corpus callosum, the largest white matter tract that connects the two hemispheres. This is important because in epilepsy cases, a surgery called callosotomy is often performed to prevent seizures from spreading between hemispheres. Now, if the patient uses both hemispheres for language, removing the corpus callosum could lead to language difficulties. My research underscores the importance of incorporating both functional and structural information into pre-surgical planning to prevent accidental damage.

Beyond My PhD

One of the things I’m most passionate about is sharing science with others. Throughout my PhD, I’ve given talks at science competitions, public events, universities, and high schools. I also share my life as a PhD student on Instagram ( @andrulyte ), where I talk about everything from my research to my accomplishments and failures. I’ve met so many amazing people through this platform, and I hope to continue sharing my journey even after I complete my PhD.

Looking forward, I’m excited to continue contributing to neuroscience and inspiring others to explore careers in STEM.