fire risk assessment guide educational premises

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Fire safety risk assessment : educational premises

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In an Emergency, Call 999

Educational Premises

Fire can kill or injure anyone. Premises such as schools and day nurseries can have unique fire safety challenges.

Premises that accommodate children and/or vulnerable persons require staff to be familiar with the building and robust procedures to ensure the safe evacuation of all people in their care.

The loss of a school to fire can devastate the wider community. Reducing the possibility of false alarm activation, the risk of deliberate fires and, in some cases, large-scale evacuations will all need to be considered. You will need to:

• Ensure procedures are in place to reduce the likelihood of fire
• Maintain fire detection and alarm systems
• Ensure that staff and pupils are familiar with emergency evacuation procedures.

Fire Risk Assessment

You should keep a written record of your fire risk assessment and any significant findings. It should also be reviewed regularly, especially if any changes to the premises are made. You should focus on reducing the risk of a fire starting in the first place and minimising the risk to people by restricting the spread of fire and smoke and ensuring that escape routes are kept clear of hazards. You need to have an evacuation policy and emergency plan for dealing with any fire situation, and it should be based on the outcome of your fire risk assessment. The purpose of an emergency plan is to ensure that people know what to do if there is a fire and that the premises can be evacuated safely.

The guide below contains further relevant information and will assist you in ensuring that you identify the hazards relevant to your premises and comply with the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005. Use of the appropriate guide will depend on the age and design of the building, i.e. a conversion, pre-1991 or purpose-built.

The Fire Risk Assessment Guide for Educational Premises

The pro formas here are intended to be used as guides for carrying out a fire risk assessment. Should you adopt one of these for your business premises, then it is important that the content captures any unique aspects of the premises' design, as well as how the building is actually used.

If you want more information on fire risk assessments, fire extinguishers and risk information boxes click here .

Those with responsibility for the workplace must give due consideration to reducing the potential for arson. It is an unfortunate fact that 80% of premises suffering a serious fire never fully recover. A proactive approach to reducing potential incidents of arson need not be complex. There are a number of simple but effective steps that can be taken, which will reduce the potential for arson considerably. For example, controlling combustible materials and waste in and around the premises, reviewing security precautions and reporting incidents involving small fires or anti-social behaviour in the surrounding area to the authorities will make a significant impact. For more detailed guidance on arson prevention, please see:

Combating Arson in Schools

Other Guidance

For further guidance on fire safety in schools, please see below:

Fire Safety in Educational Establishments

For further guidance on your responsibilities as an employer, owner or landlord, see:

Workplace Fire Safety - Your Responsibilities

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Fire Risk Assessment Process | Step By Step Guidance

Understanding how to assess and manage fire risk is integral to maintaining a safe environment, whether a commercial building, an industrial complex, or a residential property. This critical process is not only a legal requirement in many regions, but it also plays a vital role in preventing potentially devastating fires, ensuring the safety of people, and protecting valuable assets.

Our latest blog post breaks down the complex fire risk assessment process into manageable steps. Whether you are a business owner, a safety officer , a property manager, or just someone interested in fire safety, this blog post will provide practical, step-by-step guidance.

From identifying potential hazards to implementing effective control measures, we’ll walk you through each stage of the assessment process. By the end of the post, you’ll have a clearer understanding of what a fire risk assessment entails, how to undertake one, and how to use the findings to create a safer environment.

With a focus on clarity and practical advice, this blog post demystifies the process of conducting a fire risk assessment, giving you the knowledge and confidence to carry out this essential safety procedure. Join us as we explore this vital topic and equip you with the tools to protect your premises and those within it from the fire threat.

What is a Fire Safety Risk Assessment?   

A Fire Risk Assessment is a systematic and detailed examination of premises and its use to determine the likelihood of a fire starting and causing harm to those in and around it. This assessment is legally required in many jurisdictions for non-domestic premises to ensure the safety of occupants.

The Fire Risk Assessment process involves identifying the potential sources of ignition that could start a fire (such as electrical equipment or flammable substances), the materials that might fuel a fire (such as paper, wood, or flammable liquids), and the people who may be at risk. Once these elements have been identified, the risk is evaluated, considering existing fire safety measures and their effectiveness. This risk is evaluated in terms of the likelihood of a fire occurring and the potential severity of the consequences if a fire were to happen.

Following the evaluation, a plan is developed to eliminate or reduce the fire risk to an acceptable level. This plan could involve implementing additional fire safety measures, improving existing measures, or changing how certain work activities are carried out. Regular review and updates to the fire risk assessment are also part of the process to ensure that any changes in circumstances are considered. A Fire Risk Assessment aims to reduce the risk of a fire starting, limit the spread of fire if it does occur, and ensure that all occupants can safely escape from the premises.

Importance And Benefits Of Fire Risk Assessment

Fire risk assessments are essential for several reasons, including legal responsibilities, personal safety, and potential cost savings. Here are some of the key benefits and importance of conducting a fire risk assessment:

• Legal Compliance: In many jurisdictions, it’s a legal requirement for businesses to conduct regular fire risk assessments. Failure to do so can result in hefty fines, penalties, and, in severe cases, imprisonment.
• Safety: The primary purpose of a fire risk assessment is to identify any potential fire hazards and ensure that appropriate measures are in place to mitigate these risks. This helps ensure the safety of everyone on the premises, including employees, visitors, customers, and residents.
• Prevention: Fire risk assessments help prevent fires by identifying potential risks and hazards early. This allows businesses to take corrective action before a fire occurs, such as removing flammable materials or fixing faulty equipment.
• Emergency Preparedness: Fire risk assessments also involve evaluating the effectiveness of current fire safety measures, such as fire alarms, fire extinguishers, and escape routes. This helps ensure that people can evacuate safely and quickly during a fire.
• Financial Savings: Fires can be devastating financially, causing extensive damage to property and goods, potentially shutting down operations, and leading to higher insurance premiums. Regular fire risk assessments can help prevent such losses. They may also result in lower insurance premiums, as many insurers offer discounts to businesses that demonstrate a proactive approach to fire safety.
• Reputation Management: Demonstrating a commitment to safety can enhance a business’s reputation with employees, customers, and the wider community. In contrast, a fire, particularly one that could have been prevented through proper risk assessment , can severely damage a business’s reputation.
• Business Continuity: Businesses can ensure continuity by identifying potential fire risks and implementing prevention and mitigation strategies. Fire can cause significant downtime, but the risks are minimized by being proactive and having a robust fire safety procedure, ensuring business operations can continue with minimal disruption.

A fire risk assessment is critical to managing a safe and efficient business environment. It ensures compliance with the law and significantly contributes to the business’s overall safety, financial stability, and reputation.

Fire Risk Assessment Process – How To Do It?

In a fire risk assessment, the analysis focuses on aspects of your work activities that could lead to fire-related harm. This assessment assists in identifying the chances of a fire starting and the potential dangers it presents to employees. The aim is to evaluate if the existing fire safety precautions are adequate for the identified risk or if further risk reduction measures are necessary.

A fire hazard has the potential to cause harm, which is dependent on how likely it is to start a fire and the resulting consequences, such as property damage or loss of life. Assessing the potential harm is the responsibility of the assessor, who must evaluate the possible outcomes of the hazard.

The risk of ignition is a key consideration. Still, the assessor must also consider the frequency of occurrence and the factors that could contribute to it, such as human behavior, environmental conditions, and equipment usage. The potential for fire spread is influenced by several factors, including how long the fire may continue to burn undetected and whether it can jeopardize escape routes. Other factors influencing this include building construction (such as combustible materials or insufficient compartmentalization) and its contents (like flammable or explosive substances that could act as fuel).

The fire risk assessment must meet the following criteria:

• The assessment of fire risk should be comprehensive;
• Provide significant conclusions and actions to minimize and mitigate the risk of fire;
• Find any group of individuals at particular risk;
• A written record (when you have five employees or more);
• The plan should be reviewed regularly in response to changes in the facility, technical and organizational measures, work processes, and routines.

Five steps are involved in the fire risk assessment process.

Step 1: Identify Fire Hazards on Your Premises or Workplace

• Step 2: Identify People at Risk
• Step 3: Evaluate, Improve and Decide on the Adequacy of Current Fire Safety Measures

Step 4: Document Your Findings, Create an Emergency Plan, and Educate All Involved

Step 5: regularly review your fire risk assessments.

The first step in the fire risk assessment process involves identifying fire hazards within your establishment or workspace. Here’s what you need to look for:

• Sources of Ignition: These are things that could potentially start a fire. Examples include open flames, heating equipment, or even specific industrial processes that generate heat or sparks. It’s important to list all potential ignition sources to fully understand where a fire could start.
• Fuel Sources: These items can feed a fire, allowing it to spread or become more intense. This might include waste materials, display items, textiles, or other inventory items. Identifying these sources can help you understand what might fuel a fire if one were to start.
• Oxygen Sources: Fire needs oxygen to burn, so identifying potential sources of oxygen is essential. This could include air conditioning systems or supplies of oxygen used for commercial or medical purposes. Be aware of areas where oxygen levels might be higher than usual in your establishment.
• Structural Factors: Certain structural features of your building can contribute to the spread of fire. For example, flues and ducts, gaps in firewalls that lack fire stops, large expanses of flammable material, vacant attic spaces, or unusually long escape routes can all amplify the risk and impact of a fire. It’s vital to recognize these factors and consider them during your assessment.

By thoroughly identifying all possible fire hazards in this step, you lay a strong foundation for the rest of your fire risk assessment. This allows you to put effective measures in place to prevent fires and minimize their impact if they do occur.

Step 2: Identify the people who’re at risk.

The second step in the fire risk assessment process is to identify the individuals who may be particularly vulnerable in the event of a fire. This includes:

• People Sleeping on the Premises might include residents in a multi-use building or employees working overnight shifts. These individuals could be unaware of a fire until it’s too late due to being asleep.
• Large Groups of People: In spaces where many people gather, such as event venues or large offices, the sheer number of individuals can complicate evacuation efforts.
• Unfamiliar Individuals: Visitors or new employees unfamiliar with the building’s layout may struggle to find emergency exits during a fire.
• Individuals Exposed to Specific Fire Risks: People working in or near areas with identified fire hazards face a higher risk.
• People with Impairments or Disabilities: Those with hearing, sight, or mobility impairments may need additional assistance during an evacuation.
• Workers near Fire Hazards: Employees who work near identified fire dangers are naturally at a higher risk.
• Lone Workers or Those in Isolated Areas: These individuals may not be promptly alerted to a fire, delaying their evacuation. Isolated areas could include storage spaces, rooftops, or remote parts of a large site.
• Parents with Infants or Elderly People: These groups may need additional time or assistance to evacuate.
• People with Slower Response Times: This could include people with certain medical conditions, cognitive impairments, or even those under the influence of medication or alcohol.
• External Contractors, Temporary Workers, or Agency Staff: These individuals might not be familiar with the fire safety procedures of the premises.

By identifying who is most at risk, you can create more effective fire safety strategies tailored to those individuals’ needs, reducing the overall risk and improving safety outcomes in case of a fire.

Step 3: Evaluate, Improve, and Decide on the Adequacy of Current Fire Safety Measures

This stage involves assessing fire risks and the adequacy of current measures and considering improvements if necessary.

(1) Assess the risk of fire

Based on your observations and analysis during the risk assessment, classify the building’s fire risk (likelihood of ignition) into the following categories:

• Low: Little risk of fire due to few combustible materials, absence of highly flammable substances, and minimal heat sources.
• Medium: Fire could occur but is unlikely to spread rapidly due to the presence of combustible materials and heat sources.
• High: High fire risk due to large combustible materials, highly flammable substances, or conditions that could allow the fire to spread rapidly.

(2) Identify the potential consequences of a fire

Considering the building’s structure, its occupants, and existing safety measures and procedures, determine the potential harm in case of a fire. Categories are:

• Slight Harm: No severe injuries or fatalities are expected in the event of a fire.
• Moderate Harm: Injuries might occur to one or more occupants, but mass fatalities are unlikely.
• Extreme Harm: There is a significant risk of severe injury or death to multiple occupants.

Remember to consider sleeping occupants when assessing the level of harm.

(3) Determine the risk rating

Using the results from steps (1) and (2) above, use the table below to determine the risk rating.

Accordingly, it is considered that the risk to life from fire at this building is:

(4) Determine the Action level and timeframe

Using the table below, determine the action level and timescale for the risk rating from (3).

If the existing fire safety measures are insufficient, consider how you could reduce or remove fire hazards. This could involve:

• Replacing highly flammable materials with less flammable alternatives.
• Separating flammable materials from ignition sources.
• Implementing a strict no-smoking policy.
• Reducing the time and distance of escape routes.
• Providing additional escape routes.
• Upgrading your fire alarm system.
• Improving fire safety signage.
• Considering active firefighting systems, such as sprinklers.
• Appointing fire wardens.
• Implementing fire safety training programs.

You can significantly reduce a fire’s risk and potential impact by evaluating and improving your current fire safety measures.

In this phase, it’s essential to record your findings, develop an emergency response plan, and provide necessary information and training to everyone who could be affected.

All hazards and at-risk individuals identified in steps 1 and 2 should be documented. The measures taken in step 3 to mitigate these risks should also be recorded. This documentation should be completed using the appropriate fire safety risk assessment form specific to your business type. The types of premises for which dedicated forms are available include:

• Large Places of Assembly
• Residential Care Premises
• Educational or Academic Premises
• Small and Medium Place of Assembly
• Sleeping Accommodation

If your premises do not fall into one of these categories, you can seek advice from your local safety authorities or relevant safety departments.

Following this, an emergency plan specific to your premises should be developed. This plan should outline the actions to be taken if there’s a fire within your property or in a nearby facility. Information on creating emergency plans can usually be sourced from your local fire service or online safety resources.

Finally, everyone involved should be informed about the identified fire risks, including employees and others who might be at risk. They should also be instructed on fire safety measures to manage these risks. Specific individuals, such as fire marshals or safety officers, may require additional training to handle emergency situations effectively. This step is crucial in ensuring everyone’s safety and equipping them with the necessary knowledge to respond appropriately in a fire emergency.

It’s essential to conduct regular reviews of your fire risk assessments to ensure they remain up-to-date and accurately reflect the current risks in your premises. Risks can change for several reasons, and an outdated assessment can leave you ill-prepared to handle potential fire hazards.

If there has been a significant change in the level of risk at your premises, or if there’s been a close call, you should revisit and revise your fire risk assessment promptly.

Factors that might prompt a review include:

• Alterations in the nature, type, and layout of the premises: Any physical modifications to the structure of the building or its usage can alter the fire risk and should be accounted for.
• Changes in the number and type of individuals on the premises: A growth in staff size or a shift in demographics (e.g., more individuals with mobility issues) could affect how fires are handled.
• Updates to equipment and plant layout: Introducing new machinery or reconfiguring current equipment could create new fire hazards or change the dynamics of existing ones.
• Modifications in the on-site materials: A change in the volume or type of materials stored, especially if they are flammable or combustible, can dramatically alter the fire risk profile.
• Introduction of new procedures and processes: The fire risks might also change if your operations change.
• Changes in shift patterns: For instance, adding a night shift could change the dynamics of potential fire risks, including the number of people on-site and their ability to respond to a fire.

By routinely reviewing and updating your fire risk assessments, you can keep ahead of changing risks and ensure that your fire prevention strategies and emergency response plans are effective and suitable for your evolving workplace conditions.

The Role of Professional Assessors in Fire Risk Assessments

Professional assessors have a pivotal part in conducting fire risk assessments. They ensure that businesses fulfill legal obligations and enhance their fire safety measures. Here’s what you can anticipate from a professional assessor during a fire risk assessment:

1. Credentials and Proficiency

Choosing a professional assessor requires verifying their educational background and skillset. In the UK, for instance, assessors should have completed training accredited by the Fire Risk Assessment Competency Council (FRACC) or a similar recognized course.

They should also carry a track record of executing fire risk assessments for companies that operate in the same sector as yours. Moreover, assessors need to possess a profound understanding of the local fire safety regulations and standards.

2. Assessment Procedure

A professional assessor thoroughly evaluates your workplace during a fire risk assessment. They identify potential fire risks and examine the effectiveness of your current fire safety measures. Based on their evaluation, the assessor provides recommendations, such as upgrading fire safety equipment or enhancing evacuation paths. The evaluation also encompasses analyzing the building’s architectural design, including the materials utilized and the structural layout.

3. Record-Keeping and Reporting

Upon the conclusion of the assessment, the professional assessor delivers a comprehensive report encapsulating their findings and advice. This report contains a synopsis of the assessment, a catalog of pinpointed hazards, and an elaborate action plan for addressing them.

The report should also include a ranked list of suggestions, considering any financial or temporal restrictions. Proper documentation is crucial for proving adherence to regulations and for future reference if modifications are made to the workplace. In essence, employing a professional assessor aids businesses in complying with legal stipulations, enhancing fire safety measures, and safeguarding their staff and assets.

How to Choose a Professional Fire Risk Assessor

Selecting a professional fire risk assessor is a significant step in guaranteeing your business’s safety and legal compliance. Here’s how you can approach this important decision:

1. Investigation and Qualifications

• Membership in Professional Bodies and Accreditations: Search for assessors who are part of respected industry organizations and possess relevant certifications. This illustrates their dedication to maintaining high-quality standards and following best practices in the field of fire risk assessments.
• Client Reviews and References: Review online feedback and references from past clients to gauge the assessor’s track record and reputation. This can provide insight into their reliability and quality of work.

2. Experience and Clientele References

• Nature of Businesses Assessed: Seek an assessor with a history of working with businesses that mirror yours regarding sector and size. Their experience with similar businesses can be invaluable in understanding your unique fire safety needs.
• Client Case Studies and Testimonials: Request for case studies and endorsements from previous clients to understand how the assessor has aided other businesses in improving their fire safety measures.

3. Price and Availability

• Reasonable Pricing and Transparent Charges: Opt for assessors who offer reasonable prices and transparent fee structures without hidden costs. This helps ensure you get value for your money and can budget accurately.
• Adaptable Schedules and Prompt Reporting: Select a flexible assessor to accommodate your schedule and provide prompt, comprehensive reports. This helps minimize disruption to your business operations and ensures you can quickly implement any recommended changes.

Conducting fire risk assessments with professional assessors can help prevent accidents, mitigate liability, and result in long-term financial savings.

Fire risk assessment is a systematic process designed to identify potential fire hazards, evaluate the associated risks, and determine appropriate measures to eliminate or control these risks. It is an integral part of ensuring the safety of a building or premises and its occupants. The main objectives are to reduce the likelihood of a fire starting, protect people and property, and ensure compliance with local fire safety regulations.

The assessment process involves identifying sources of ignition and fuel, evaluating fire detection and prevention measures, and reviewing fire escape routes and emergency procedures . The findings are then recorded and reviewed regularly or when significant changes occur in the premises.

The fire risk assessment process generally consists of the following steps:

• Identify the Fire Hazards: This includes any ignition source, flammable materials, and sources of oxygen that could fuel a fire.
• Identify People at Risk: Evaluate who could be at risk in the event of a fire. This might include employees, visitors, or particularly vulnerable people, such as the elderly or those with disabilities.
• Evaluate, Remove, or Reduce the Risks: Analyze the risk associated with potential fire hazards. Where possible, eliminate or reduce these risks. This can involve implementing fire prevention measures , improving fire detection and warning systems, and ensuring adequate escape routes.
• Record Your Findings, Prepare an Emergency Plan, and Provide Training: Document the findings of your assessment, prepare an emergency plan, and inform and train all relevant personnel on fire safety procedures.
• Review and Update the Fire Risk Assessment Regularly: Fire risk assessments should be a living document that is reviewed and updated regularly, especially if there are significant changes to your premises or operations that could affect fire safety.

A fire risk assessment checklist is a tool used to systematically identify and evaluate potential fire hazards in a premises, evaluate the effectiveness of existing fire safety measures, and determine what actions need to be taken to mitigate the identified risks. It typically covers areas such as:

• Fire hazards: Identification of potential sources of ignition and combustible materials.
• People at risk: Identification of people who could be at risk in the event of a fire, including employees, visitors, and people with specific vulnerabilities.
• Fire safety measures: Evaluation of existing fire safety measures, such as fire detection and warning systems, fire extinguishers, escape routes, and fire doors.
• Fire prevention: Assessment of how well fire risks are being managed, including control of ignition sources and combustible materials.
• Training and information: Review of training provided to staff, fire safety signage, and information available to building occupants.
• Emergency routes and exits: Verification of the adequacy, signage, and maintenance of emergency escape routes and exits .
• Fire detection and warning systems: Evaluation of the suitability, maintenance, and testing of fire detection and warning systems.
• Firefighting equipment: Check on the availability, suitability, maintenance, and testing of firefighting equipment.
• Record keeping: Ensuring that the findings of the assessment, actions taken, and any incidents are properly documented.
• Review: Regular review and updating of the fire risk assessment, particularly in response to changes in the premises or procedures, or after an incident or near miss .

Remember, this is a general list, and a checklist should be tailored to the specifics of your premises and activities. Also, a checklist is only a tool to aid in the assessment and does not replace the need for a comprehensive and competent fire risk assessment.

The responsibility for carrying out a fire risk assessment typically lies with the person or people who control or part of the premises. This is often referred to as the ‘Responsible Person’. In a workplace, this is usually the employer or business owner.

However, this responsibility can also fall onto:

• The owner of the premises or the building manager in a shared building.
• The occupier, such as a self-employed person or voluntary organization if they have any control.
• Any other person with control over premises or part of premises, such as a facilities manager, building manager, managing agent, or risk assessor.
• In multi-occupied buildings, there may be more than one responsible person.

Regardless of who the responsible person is, it’s important to note that they cannot delegate the responsibility of fire safety. Even if they hire a professional risk assessor, the final accountability remains with the responsible person. If the responsible person is not competent to carry out the risk assessment , they should appoint a ‘competent person’ to help, such as a professional risk assessor.

The responsible person must ensure the fire risk assessment is carried out and reviewed regularly and that the necessary changes are implemented. This includes informing and training staff about the risks and actions they must take in an emergency.

The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) in the United States develops and maintains numerous codes and standards related to fire safety, including those that pertain to fire risk assessment.

NFPA 551: Guide for the Evaluation of Fire Risk Assessments is the document that provides guidance on the principles and techniques of fire risk assessment. It is designed to help users understand and apply the risk assessment methods found in NFPA codes and standards.

Another significant standard is NFPA 101: Life Safety Code, which outlines comprehensive building design and operation requirements to promote safety and prevent fire-related injuries and fatalities. It includes guidelines on conducting a risk assessment in its performance-based design option.

Please note that these documents are updated regularly and that it’s important to consult the most current version. Additionally, the specific NFPA code or standard that applies can depend on the specific context, building type, or industry. Please consult the NFPA or a fire safety professional for comprehensive and up-to-date information.

The fire risk assessment process is a critical endeavor ensuring people’s and property’s safety and well-being. Businesses and individuals can effectively evaluate and manage fire risks by following a step-by-step approach, from identifying hazards to implementing control measures. Our comprehensive guide has provided valuable insights and practical guidance on conducting a fire risk assessment.

By embracing this process and taking appropriate actions based on the findings, we can create safer environments and mitigate the potentially devastating consequences of fires. Prioritizing fire safety is an ongoing commitment that safeguards lives, instills confidence, and promotes a culture of preparedness.

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Fire risk assessments

A fire risk assessment identifies what needs to be done in a premises to prevent fires and keep people safe.

Every block of flats, business premises or premises that the public has access to must have one. 

How to do an assessment

• Identify the fire hazards.
• Identify people at risk.
• Evaluate, remove or reduce the risks.
• Record your findings, prepare an emergency plan and provide training. Review and update the fire risk assessment regularly. The risk assessment chart Fire Safety Risk Assessment (PDF, 41.93 KB, 1 page) gives more detailed information about these steps.
• emergency routes and exits
• fire detection and warning systems
• fire fighting equipment
• the removal or safe storage of dangerous substances
• an emergency fire evacuation plan
• the needs of vulnerable people, for example the elderly, young children or those with disabilities
• providing information to employees and other people on the premises
• staff fire safety training

Help with the assessment

You can do the fire risk assessment yourself with the help of standard fire safety risk assessment guides.

If you don’t have the expertise or time to do the fire risk assessment yourself you need to appoint a ‘competent person’ to help, for example a professional risk assessor.

Your local fire and rescue authority might be able to give you advice if you’re not sure your risk assessment’s been carried out properly. However, they can’t carry out risk assessments for you.

Assessment guides

You can download the following guides on risk assessments:

• Offices and shops (PDF, 1.34 MB, 146 pages)
• Factories and warehouses (PDF, 2.49 MB, 148 pages)
• Sleeping accommodation (PDF, 2.89 MB, 148 pages)
• Residential care premises (PDF, 3.65 MB, 155 pages)
• Educational premises (PDF, 3.4 MB, 147 pages)
• Small and medium places of assembly (PDF, 2.7 MB, 148 pages) (for premises holding 300 people or less)
• Large places of assembly (PDF, 2.13 MB, 155 pages) (for premises holding more than 300 people)
• Theatres, cinemas and similar premises (PDF, 2.13 MB, 162 pages)
• Open air events and venues (PDF, 1.81 MB, 120 pages)
• Healthcare premises (PDF, 3.26 MB, 162 pages)
• Animal premises and stables (PDF, 2.18 MB, 150 pages)
• Transport premises and facilities (PDF, 2.86 MB, 162 pages)

You can also find guidance on:

• How to make sure your premises are safe from fire
• Risk assessments if you work in construction
• Purpose-built blocks of flats
• Other types of housing: Guidance on fire safety provisions for certain types of existing housing (PDF, 1.58 MB, 82 pages)

Fire safety and evacuation plans

Your plan must show how you have:

• clearly marked escape routes that are as short and direct as possible
• enough exits and routes for all people to escape
• emergency doors that open easily
• emergency lighting where needed
• training for all employees to know and use the escape routes
• a safe meeting point for staff

People with mobility needs

You should also make special arrangements for people with mobility needs , for example make sure there are people to help wheelchair users get downstairs if there’s a fire.

Fire risk assessments

If you have a business, you have a legal duty to make sure that it is safe for yourself and your staff, your customers, visitors, and anyone else who may use or attend your premises. This legal duty applies to both the employed and self-employed.

Part of this legal duty is to carry out a fire risk assessment and review it regularly. The law which governs this is the  Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 , sometimes simply known as the fire safety order (FSO). 

Please be aware that Responsible persons should also be aware of the requirements of the Fire Safety Act 2021 and the Fire Safety England Regulations 2022.

You will find guidance on  why and how to carry out a fire risk assessment on the .GOV.UK website  which will help you familiarise yourself with what is needed.  Within this guidance you will also find reference and a link to the updated Fire Risk Assessment Chart, now referred to as the F ire Safety Risk Assessment - 5-step checklist

Premises it applies to 

The FSO applies to all non-domestic premises. This means any premises that are not private residential dwellings including:  

• workplaces 
• commercial premises 
• premises that the public can access 
• common areas in residential buildings with multiple occupants eg the common public areas of a block of flats, but not the flats themselves  
• premises with paying guests, for example, bed and breakfast accommodation, holiday lets and guesthouses  
• houses with multiple occupants (HMOs)  

People who are responsible 

The legal responsibility for making sure a business complies with the Fire Safety Order rests with the ‘responsible person’ for the business, who is defined by the Fire Safety Order as either 

• an employer if the workplace is ‘under his control’  
• or, if not the employer then whoever has control of the business premises and the work carried out there – this could include the occupier, landlord or the owner. 

The type of assessment you will need

The type of assessment you will need for your business premises will depend on the type of premises it is. To help you find the right information, please select your type of business premises from the list below. This will take you to our dedicated page for your business type where you will find: 

• a link to the relevant government assessment guide which sets out what you need to do and the steps you need to follow
• answers to some common questions regarding fire safety risk assessments
• handy tips from our inspectors about your type of premises
• a link to our business protection portal

Recent guidance has also been issued for small premises

If your premises are:

• a small block of flats
• small paying-guest accommodation
• small non-domestic premises

you will find the relevant guidance below

Select your type of premises from the list below

Animal premises and stables have a legal duty to carry out a fire risk assessment.

What buildings does this apply to?

This applies to buildings that are:

• all equine (connected with or to horses) establishments including stables and livery yards (also where the main or part use of the building or buildings is as stables or livery yards, or where equine premises form part of other occupied premises)
• animal establishments

What if my premises are attached to others?

If your premises are attached to others, it may also apply. In such a case you will need to ensure you co-operate with those who manage areas that are not yours, so that your fire risk assessment for the complete premises is integrated.

How can I find out what to do?

Go to the  Fire safety risk assessment for animal premises and stables  which you will find on the .GOV.UK website. This provides a comprehensive guide and will tell you how to carry out an assessment and what you need to do, as well as some useful checklists.

This guidance is currently only available in PDF format.

Who can carry out an assessment?

An assessment must be carried out by a ‘responsible person’ – someone who owns or has control of the business, has the necessary knowledge and ability and is competent to carry out the assessment. Alternatively, you can employ a qualified assessor.

If you decide to undertake the assessment yourself, follow the guidance set out in the government guide referred to above under 'How can I find out what to do?'.

If you choose to use an assessor, please see the section 'Choosing a competent fire risk assessor' at the end of this page, where you will find useful information and tips.

Will you inspect my premises?

Yes. Although our inspectors can visit at any time, we usually give you advance notice or make an appointment.

I need some help

If you need help at any stage, contact our free business safety helpline on  01622 212 442  or by email at  [email protected]

Want to learn more?

Go to our  business protection portal  where you can generate a report specific to your type of business premises and location. This digital service will provide you with a wealth of additional information on how to safeguard your premises against a variety of different hazards.

Educational premises have a legal duty to carry out a fire risk assessment.

• schools, colleges and academies
• universities (but excluding university halls of residence and other residential premises – please see sleeping accommodation)
• adult education centres
• Sunday schools, after school clubs and creches, 
• outdoor education centres
• music schools

If your premises are used for educational purposes, but are contained within other premises used for non-educational purposes, you should also liaise with those who manage the other areas to ensure your fire risk assessment for the complete premises is integrated.

Go to the  Fire safety risk assessment for educational premises  which you will find on the .GOV.UK website. This provides a comprehensive guide and will tell you how to carry out an assessment and what you need to do, as well as some useful checklists.

If you decide to undertake the assessment yourself, follow the guidance set out in the government guide referred to above under 'How can I find out what to do?'.

Common problems our inspectors find when visiting this type of premises

One of the most common issues we find in educational premises is doors being wedged open or removed, or doors or walls being damaged and not repaired. It is important there is a robust maintenance scheme in place to repair such damage. It is also vital to ensure that if a door needs to be open there should be a suitable hold-open device linked to the fire alarm, rather than a door wedge. Always consult your fire risk assessor if you consider removing doors, to ensure you will not compromise any part of your fire strategy.

Summary: Do not wedge doors open and ensure any damage to walls or doors is repaired promptly.

Which section of The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 applies? Article 8 – Duty to take general fire precautions

Escape routes

Within educational premises we regularly find escape routes have been used for storage, and that exits are partially blocked. Even if storage space is limited, it is important to ensure that escape routes are kept accessible at all times and are clear of any obstructions. Where possible, it should also be ensured that the walls are not covered in combustible materials, such as displays, that could enable fire to spread. 

Summary: Make sure escape routes are not used for storage or that exits are blocked.

Which section of The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 applies? Article 14 – Emergency routes and exits.

Maintenance

Within educational premises we often find that issues can arise around maintenance. This may range from having a fire door or hole in the wall repaired, to ensuring that the fire alarm has not been damaged. Fire alarm call points that may have been activated or broken should be repaired as quickly as possible. It is therefore important to have a robust maintenance plan in place at all times to ensure repairs are undertaken promptly. 

Summary: Your maintenance plan should ensure damage to fire doors, walls or fire alarm is repaired promptly.

Which section of The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 applies? Article 17 – Maintenance.

Factories and warehouses have a legal duty to carry out a fire risk assessment.

This applies to a building, or part of a building whose main use is as a factory or warehouse.

Go to the  Fire safety risk assessment for factories and warehouses  which you will find on the .GOV.UK website. This provides a comprehensive guide and will tell you how to carry out an assessment and what you need to do, as well as some useful checklists.

Lack of compartmentation

We often find factory and warehouse buildings lack compartmentation (walls, floors, ceilings, doors and any other structure that is used to divide up a building). This is usually due to the age and size of the building and its poor maintenance. Compartmentation can help contain fire and smoke by having fire doors and fire resistant wall, floors and celling. It is important to make sure that any breaches of the building’s structure, such as holes or gaps often created by the installation or removal of equipment, wiring or pipework, are repaired to prevent fire spreading. 

Summary: Make sure there is good compartmentation within the building to help reduce the spread of fire and smoke.

Emergency lighting and signage

Emergency lighting and signage is used to aid people in the safe evacuation of a premises. In the event of a power failure, any areas that require emergency lighting will be illuminated to allow people to evacuate safely. Signage is needed to guide a person out of the premises as quickly and safely as possible. Given the size of most factory and warehouses, it is important that the lighting and signage is easily identifiable and people within the premises are able to evacuate quickly and safely. 

Summary: Ensure emergency lighting is positioned appropriately and signage is displayed correctly and is clearly visible.

Which section of The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 applies? Article 14 – Emergency routes and exits

Regular testing and maintenance of fire safety provisions

If a premises is required to have emergency lighting, fire detection and firefighting equipment it must perform regular testing and maintenance of the equipment to ensure it is in good working order. This is important as these fire safety provisions aid the occupants of the premises to evacuate quickly and safely in the event of a fire. These tests are required to be completed on a regular basis and in line with the relevant guidance. 

Summary: Fire safety provisions installed must be tested regularly to ensure that they are in good working order.

Which section of The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 applies? Article 17 – Maintenance

What premises does this apply to?

This applies to those premises whose main or part use of the building is to provide healthcare.

Their primary use must be the provision of healthcare, whether private or non-private. They can include:

• doctors’ surgeries
• other similar healthcare premises

The fire risk assessment may also apply: if individual healthcare premises form part of, or are within, a multi-use complex please note it will be necessary to liaise and consult with those responsible for the other premises to ensure an integrated risk assessment for the whole of the complex.

What premises does this not apply to?

• care and nursing homes (unless the main purpose is the provision of healthcare)
• rehabilitation premises for addiction treatment provided on a residential basis
• day-care centres (no residential facility)
• sheltered accommodation
• nursing care supplied to private homes
• staff accommodation and administration blocks

Go to the Fire safety risk assessment for healthcare premises which you will find on the .GOV.UK website. This provides a comprehensive guide and will tell you how to carry out an assessment and what you need to do, as well as some useful checklists.

Damage to walls, floors or partitions (compartmentation)

Healthcare premises are often designed compartmentally to stop fire spreading from one area to another. However, we find that when these premises are adapted – for example to accommodate equipment or services, wires and pipes are removed, or new holes are made in the compartment walls – fire and smoke can spread to other areas, affecting escape routes and people.

Summary: When having any works done to your healthcare premises remember to ensure any changes or adaptations do not increase the risk of spread of fire.

Which section of The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 applies? Article 8 – Duty to take general fire precautions

Fire evacuation procedures

Because of the nature of healthcare premises, your fire evacuation procedures may vary depending on which part of the premises they relate to. We find that staff are not always aware of, or follow the different procedures, for different parts of the building when carrying out their roles such as fire wardens. Also, clear instructions may not be available for visitors. 

Summary: Make sure your evacuation procedures reflect the diverse nature of your premises, that staff are aware of this, and clear fire action notices are displayed throughout the premises.

Which section of The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 applies? Article 15 - Procedures for serious and imminent danger and for danger areas.

Training and understanding for different sites or premises

Healthcare staff often work across different sites and premises, but we frequently find that they do not receive, or have, the right fire safety training and understanding for each of the sites and premises they may go to, or work in. 

Summary: It is important to ensure that all staff have regular fire safety training, or specific training for onsite procedures, for ALL sites and premises they may work at or in.

Which section of The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 applies? Article 21 - Training

If more than 300 people can or may attend or assemble at your place of business, then you have a legal duty to carry out a fire risk assessment. If your premises accommodate fewer than 300, please see our page on small and medium places of assembly.

• sports stadia
• exhibition and conference centres
• leisure centres and swimming pools
• large nightclubs and large pubs
• churches, cathedrals, other places of religious worship or study and associated premises
• museums and libraries
• common areas of shopping malls
• large temporary structures
• marquees/tents and air-supported structures
• large community centres, village halls and similar premises

The above list includes a wide range of premises, whose functions are very varied. Some premises, for example, may require a licence or be hired out which may be reflected in the requirements of the fire risk assessment that needs to be undertaken.

What buildings does this not apply to?

• sleeping accommodation (including halls of residence, hostels or hotels)
• theatres and cinemas
• concert halls and similar premises, and/or outdoor facilities

What if my premises adjoin others?

If your premises adjoin or are part of a complex such as a shopping centre, you will need to work with the managers of those premises to ensure that there is an integrated fire risk assessment for the whole complex.

Go to the Fire safety risk assessment for large places of assembly which you will find on the .GOV.UK website. This provides a comprehensive guide and will tell you how to carry out an assessment and what you need to do, as well as some useful checklists.

Is there anything else I will need to know about or do?

If your business involves the need for a licence there will or may be further things you will need to consider when conducting a fire risk assessment of your premises. You will find further information on our licensing pages.

Common problems our inspectors find when visiting large public houses, restaurant and cafes and clubs

Fire risk assessment.

All types of licensed premises must ensure they have undertaken and documented their fire risk assessment, which needs to be available on site and regularly reviewed. 

Summary: Remember to ensure a fire risk assessment has been carried out and is regularly reviewed.

Which section of The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 applies? Article 9 – Risk assessment

Clearly marked and signed escape routes

Emergency lighting and signage is used to aid people in the safe evacuation of a premises. In the event of a power failure, any areas that require emergency lighting will be illuminated to allow people to evacuate safely. Signage is needed to guide a person out of the premises as quickly and safely as possible. Given that most people use the main entrance and exit, they may be unaware of other exits and routes. It is therefore important that the lighting and signage is easily identifiable and people within the premises are able to evacuate quickly and safely.

Which section of The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 applies? Article 14 – Emergency routes and exits

Evacuation policy in place and drills carried out

Research has shown that people who are intoxicated often ignore fire alarms, assuming they are false. Because of this, is it important to ensure evacuation drills are carried out regularly and to highlight the importance of evacuation. 

Summary: Ensure simultaneous evacuation (where everyone evacuates when the fire alarm goes off) is completed quickly and safely, managed by a responsible person or designated person, and confirm everyone is out of the building.

Which section of The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 applies? Article 15 – Procedures for serious and imminent danger and for danger areas

Common problems our inspectors find when visiting large village halls, community centres and marquees

Electrical safety.

Electrical fires are the biggest cause of commercial fires in Kent and Medway. It is important that relevant electrical safety checks are carried out by a competent person including the mains electrical testing that is carried out every five years. Ensure all electrical, mechanical and gas equipment is installed, used, maintained and protected in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. This may include the equipment brought in by people using or hiring your premises. 

Summary: Ensure that equipment is installed, used, maintained and relevant electrical safety checks are carried out by a competent person.

Which section of The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 applies? Article 10 – Principles of prevention to be applied

Maintenance and testing of equipment

We commonly find that community halls and centres do not carry out appropriate testing and maintenance on fire precautions provided. It is important to ensure that all the equipment, devices and facilities provided in the premises for the safety of people are regularly tested and maintained by a competent person. This includes fire alarms, fire extinguishers, emergency lighting, signage, fire exits and fire doors, which should all be maintained and in working order, with the appropriate checks and tests carried out. 

Summary: Ensure all equipment, devices and facilities in the premises for the safety of people are regularly tested and maintained by a competent person.

Which section of The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 applies? Article 17 – Maintenance

Common problems our inspectors find when visiting libraries, churches and other places of worship or study

We commonly find that libraries and places of worship do not carry out appropriate testing and maintenance on fire precautions provided. It is important to ensure that all the equipment, devices and facilities provided in the premises for the safety of people are regularly tested and maintained by a competent person. This includes fire alarms, fire extinguishers, emergency lighting, signage, fire exits and fire doors, which should all be maintained and in working order, with the appropriate checks and tests carried out. 

Fire safety training required

People who hold a responsibility for fire safety within the premises should have sufficient training for their role. This should include assisting those identified by the risk assessment as being at greater risk due to a disability and where appropriate, practical training such as the use of firefighting equipment and media. 

Summary: Ensure those responsible for fire safety, including fire marshals if required, have sufficient and regular training to ensure they understand their responsibilities.

Which section of The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 applies? Article 21 – Training

It applies to:

• theme parks and fairgrounds
• music concerts and festivals
• sporting events and race meetings
• street, religious and balloon festivals
• car boot sales
• county fairs
• and other similar events
• sports stadiums, large temporary, and air-supported structures – see Large places of assembly
• permanent buildings or structures – see our main assessment page to select your type of premises

Go to the Fire safety risk assessment for open air events and venues which you will find on the .GOV.UK website . This provides a comprehensive guide and will tell you how to carry out an assessment and what you need to do, as well as some useful checklists.

Residential care premises have a legal duty to carry out a fire risk assessment.

Go to the Fire safety risk assessment for residential care premises page which you will find on the .GOV.UK website. This provides a comprehensive guide and will tell you how to carry out an assessment and what you need to do, as well as some useful checklists.

What types of premises are regarded as ‘Residential care premises? 

They must be premises that are:

• permanently staffed and provide residential care for residents some or all of whom may need assistance to escape in a fire, and
• they must also provide residential care as their main use. This means providing personal and/or nursing care but not healthcare treatment.

Examples of the type of premises and those who care is provided for includes:

• care and nursing homes, common areas in sheltered housing providing care, and similar premises (provided they have permanent staff and provide care but not healthcare). The care provided will be for people including the elderly, infirm, children and young persons, people with special needs and those with addictions.

The fire risk assessment may also apply to:

• individual residential care premises which form part of a separate multi-use complex. However in this case please note it will be necessary to liaise and consult with those responsible for the other premises to ensure an integrated risk assessment for the whole of the complex.

Does it apply to non-residential premises that provide care?

Yes, the relevant sections of the fire risk assessment guide can also be used as a basis for carrying out assessments in non-residential care premises such as day care centres.

What premises does it not apply to?

It does not apply to:

• sheltered accommodation, with no care supplied
• hospitals and other healthcare premises
• private homes to which nursing care is supplied

Compartmentation

A common problem we encounter when auditing residential care premises is the presence of ‘compartmentation’ breaches. (Compartmentation means the walls, floors, ceilings, doors and any other structure that is used to divide up a building.)

Something as simple as holes caused by pipes, equipment or services which have been fitted or removed, will allow the passage of smoke and fire which can compromise evacuation of the premises. It is important to make sure any holes in walls, ceiling or floors are fully repaired or sealed using fire resistant materials.

Summary: Remember to fill any holes (however small) in walls, floors or ceilings with fire resistant materials.

We frequently come across items such as electronic hoists or mobility scooters being stored in escape routes. We recommend that where possible, you have a designated storage and charging area for these items. This is because were these to catch fire while being stored or charged, it would quickly make the escape route unusable due to fire and smoke. This could result in residents being unable to evacuate the premises. 

Summary: Do not store combustible items, especially mobility scooters or electronic hoists, in escape routes.

Staff training and evacuation procedures

It is essential that you make sure all staff are trained in the evacuation procedure for your premises through carrying out drills and training sessions. You should also have sufficient evacuation aids to enable a safe evacuation of your residents if needed. It is also important to ensure your building is suitable for the type of evacuation you intend to use by having a suitable and sufficient fire risk assessment carried out by a competent person. 

Summary: Make sure your staff are trained in evacuation procedures, you have sufficient evacuation aids and your building is suitable for the type of evacuation planned.

Further guidance

We recommend that you also familiarise yourself with:

• the additional guidance to accompany the government guide produced by the National Association for Safety and Health in Care Services (NASHiCS) and the National Fire Chiefs Council (formerly the Chief Fire Officers Association)
• the government guidance to means of escape for disabled people which should be read in association with other risk assessment guides

Do I need a grab bag and an external strong box?

A grab bag contains essential items for recovery and continuation in the event of an emergency evacuation. An external strong box is stored externally and can contain emergency documents and critical information. Further information about  grab bags and  external strong boxes is available.

Shops (retail premises) and offices have a legal duty to carry out a fire risk assessment.

This applies to buildings that:

• have an office or shop as their main use, as well as those where only part is being used
• purpose-built and converted office blocks
• individual offices and shops that are part of a larger complex (such as a shopping centre)
• It does not apply to offices in a private home or domestic accommodation.

Go to the  Fire safety risk assessment for offices and shops  which you will find on the .GOV.UK website. This provides a comprehensive guide and will tell you how to carry out an assessment and what you need to do, as well as some useful checklists.

Common problems our inspectors find when visiting shops (retail premises) are:

Insufficient or inadequate emergency lights.

Shops are required to have sufficient emergency lighting. This is to ensure that escape routes are illuminated, safety equipment can be seen and that occupants can safely exit the building in the event of a power failure. These lights should be tested on a monthly basis and maintained by a competent person.

Summary: You must have sufficient emergency lighting which is regularly tested and maintained.

No fire risk assessment

It is a legal requirement that a suitable and sufficient fire risk assessment is carried out for shop premises by a competent person. The assessment should note any deficiencies, fire safety hazards and risks, which must be addressed and remedied so that the premises are safe for all occupants.

Summary: Make sure that a suitable and sufficient fire risk assessment has been carried out by a competent person.

Poor electrical safety

Electrical fires are the biggest cause of commercial fires in Kent and Medway. It is important that relevant electrical safety checks are carried out by a competent person including the mains electrical testing that is carried out every five years. Ensure all electrical, mechanical and gas equipment is installed, used, maintained and protected in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.

Ensure that equipment is installed, used, maintained and relevant electrical safety checks are carried out by a competent person.

The three most common problems our inspectors find when visiting offices are:

No current fire risk assessment or failure to review a fire risk assessment.

You must have an appointed, suitably competent and responsible person whose duty it is to ensure that you have a current fire risk assessment, which is regularly reviewed. Any problems or deficiencies identified by the assessment should be rectified as soon as is reasonably practicable.

Summary: You must have a current fire risk assessment which is regularly reviewed.

Inadequate fire detection and warning systems

Fire detection and warning systems such as smoke and heat detectors alert those on the premises of the need to escape to a place of safety. These systems must be sufficient and adequate for both the size and usage of your premises.

Summary: Fire detection and firefighting provisions must be adequate.

Which section of The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 applies? Article 13 – Firefighting and detection

Detection and warning systems must be maintained

Fire detection and warning systems should always be in full working order. This requires weekly functionality checks in house and annual maintenance by suitably qualified engineers.

Summary: Fire detection and warning systems must be regularly checked and maintained.

Common problems our inspectors find when visiting shops (retail premises) or offices with accommodation above

Inadequate fire precautions.

Domestic flats or living accommodation that are situated above shops or business premises and have no separate entrance or access, often fail to have the requisite fire precautions. This is often because there is no separation (compartmentalisation) between the shop/business premises and domestic accommodation, allowing fire and smoke to spread easily from one to the other, trapping people inside. 

Summary: It is important to ensure all walls, ceilings and doors have the necessary fire safety separation (compartmentation) to stop the spread of fire and smoke.

Legally, all business premises across England should conduct a fire risk assessment to ensure fire safety hazards and risks are addressed and the premises are safe for all users. If business premises include domestic areas – for example a flat above a shop – which have no separate access, the fire risk assessment may need to cover the whole premises including the domestic parts. 

Summary: The fire risk assessment may need to cover the whole premises including domestic areas if there is no separate access.

Which section of The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 applies? Article 9 – Risk assessment

Detection and alarm system needs to be for the whole premises

Where domestic dwellings are linked to commercial premises, where there is no separate access, it is vital there should be the correct level of detection and alarm system throughout the whole premises, including the domestic dwelling. This is essential to alert occupants of the domestic dwelling and give them time to escape if a fire in the commercial premises occurs, especially at night. 

Summary: Ensure your fire detection and alarm systems covers the whole premises, including the domestic dwelling, so that occupants have time to escape.

Which section of The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 applies? Article 13 – Firefighting and detection

Additional information

Please also visit our page on  living above your business  for further information.

Sleeping accommodation includes all premises where the main use is to provide sleeping accommodation and among the many categories it includes are:

• hotels, guest houses, B&Bs and any other guest accommodation where there is sleeping accommodation
• self catering accommodation including chalets, boats, caravan holiday parks
• hostels including bail hostels and accommodation for homeless persons
• residential spas, conference, seminar and training centres
• student halls of residence, training institutions including military barracks, seminaries and religious colleges
• relevant areas of boarding schools
• the common areas of flats, maisonettes, houses of multiple occupation, and sheltered housing (other than those providing care – see residential care premises)
• university halls of residence 
• workplace sleeping areas where it is part of the employment (excluding tied accommodation)
• (Please note for student accommodation premises:  during the current COVID-19 pandemic you may also wish to consider protection advice from the National Fire Chiefs Council issued on 2 November 2020 in relation to student accommodation)
• places of custody
• single private dwellings
• Residential care premises are subject to a different and separate fire risk assessment.

Go to the Fire safety risk assessment for sleeping accommodation which you will find on the .GOV.UK website . This provides a comprehensive guide and will tell you how to carry out an assessment and what you need to do, as well as some useful checklists.

Common problems our inspectors find when visiting halls of residence

Closing doors.

We find it is common practice in halls of residence to wedge or prop doors open. However, if doors opening onto escape routes are left open, smoke and heat can travel and spread, potentially trapping people. Where possible, devices should be fitted to fire doors that hold them open, but disengage if a fire alarm is activated. 

Summary: Ensure doors that open onto escape routes are not wedged or propped open.

Fire alarms

Research has shown that people who use halls of residence often ignore fire alarms, assuming they are false. Because of this, is it important to ensure evacuation drills are carried out regularly and to highlight the importance of evacuation. Ensure simultaneous evacuation (where everyone evacuates when the fire alarm goes off) is completed quickly and safely, managed by a responsible person, and a role call taken to confirm everyone is out of the building. 

Summary: Evacuation should be managed by a responsible person, a role call taken and regular drills undertaken.

Sufficient training for fire safety roles

People who hold a responsibility for fire safety within halls of residence should have sufficient training for their role. Duty fire marshals responsible for assisting in an evacuation should receive relevant, regular training to ensure they understand their responsibilities. This should include assisting those identified by the risk assessment as being at greater risk due to a disability and where appropriate, practical training such as the use of firefighting equipment and media. 

Summary: Ensure those responsible for fire safety, including duty fire marshals, have sufficient and regular training to ensure they understand their responsibilities.

Common problems our inspectors find when visiting hostels

Hostels often have a lack of compartmentation which, in many circumstances, is due to the age of the premises and poor maintenance of the building. Good compartmentation, which can include wall, floor, ceilings and doors, will ensure a fire is contained for a period of time to allow occupants to escape and the fire service to attend. It is also important that any breaches to any of the building’s structures are repaired, such as holes or gaps caused by wires or pipes being installed or removed. 

Summary: Ensure that hostel premises have good compartmentation and any damage, holes or gaps are repaired.

We often find escape routes are obstructed. Given the nature of a hostel and the fast turnover of guests, it is very important that escape routes should be kept clear at all times and easily identifiable by signage. Guests should be made aware of the escape route relevant to their room. Regular routine inspections should be carried out to ensure routes are clear and any findings should be reminded.

Summary: Ensure all escape routes are clear at all times and easily identifiable by signage.

Testing and maintenance

We commonly find that hostels do not carry out appropriate testing and maintenance on fire precautions provided. It is important to ensure that all the equipment, devices and facilities provided in the premises for the safety of people are regularly tested and maintained by a competent person. This includes fire alarms, fire extinguishers, emergency lighting, signage, fire exits and fire doors, which should all be maintained and in working order, with the appropriate checks and tests carried out. 

Common problems our inspectors find when visiting hotels

Fire detection and warning systems.

Fire detection and warning systems such as smoke and heat detectors linked to sounders provide critical early warning in hotels, particularly when guests are sleeping. This early warning alerts those in the building of the need to escape to a place of safety, before escape routes are no longer accessible due to effects of fire or smoke. You must ensure the detection and warning system is adequate for your premises. The system should be tested on a weekly basis and maintained by a suitably qualified competent person. 

Summary: Ensure that your fire detection and warning systems are adequate for your premises, tested weekly and maintained.

Which section of The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 applies? Article 13 – Firefighting and fire detection

It is important to routinely check that all doors, walls, ceilings and floors that form part of the compartmentation between rooms are fully intact, with no breaches such as gaps or holes. This is to prevent smoke or fire passing from one room or floor to another, affecting escape routes and occupants. These gaps or holes made in the compartment walls may occur when equipment or services are installed creating new holes, or when wires and pipes are removed. 

Summary: Regularly check that all doors, walls, ceiling and floors are intact with no gaps or holes that smoke or fire could pass through.

You must have a current suitable and sufficient fire risk assessment completed by a competent person. You must also ensure that any significant findings are recorded and deficiencies found during the assessment are remedied as soon as is reasonably practicable. 

Summary: You must have a current suitable and sufficient fire risk assessment completed by a competent person.

If up to 300 people can or may attend or assemble at your place of business, then you have a legal duty to carry out a fire risk assessment. If your premises can accommodate more than 300, please see Large places of assembly.

• smaller public houses
• restaurants and cafés
• village halls
• community centres
• churches and other places of worship or study

The list includes a wide range of premises, whose functions are very varied. Some premises for example may require a licence or be hired out which may be reflected in the requirements of the fire risk assessment that needs to be undertaken.

• Premises that can hold more than 300 people attending or assembling

Go to the Fire safety risk assessment for small and medium places of assembly which you will find on the .GOV.UK website. This provides a comprehensive guide and will tell you how to carry out an assessment and what you need to do, as well as some useful checklists.

Common problems our inspectors find when visiting smaller public houses, restaurants, cafes and clubs

Common problems our inspectors find when visiting village halls, community centres and marquees.

Theatres, cinemas and similar premises have a legal duty to carry out a fire risk assessment.

These are any premises, or part of a premises, whose main use is as a theatre, cinema, or concert hall, or a combination of any of these.

This applies to purpose-built and converted premises.

What if my premises are temporary, part of, or attached to other premises?

If you are using temporary structures such as marquees or tents please go to our page for either Small and medium places of assembly (holding up to 300 people) or Large places of assembly (holding over 300 people).  If your premises form part of other premises or facilities such as educational or shopping premises, or places of assembly including outdoor facilities, you should also refer to the guidance and information on our pages for these. If your premises are attached to others, for example a shopping centre, it will be necessary to consult and work with those who manage those centres/areas, so that your fire risk assessment forms part of the integrated risk assessment for the complex.

Go to the Fire safety risk assessment for theatres, cinemas and similar premises which you will find on the .GOV.UK website. This provides a comprehensive guide and will tell you how to carry out an assessment and what you need to do, as well as some useful checklists.

Common problems our inspectors find when visiting theatres, cinemas and similar premises

Escape routes used as storage.

Within entertainment premises we regularly find escape routes have been used for storage, and that exits are partially blocked. Even if storage space is limited, it is important to ensure that escape routes are kept accessible at all times and are clear of any obstructions. Where possible, it should also be ensured that the walls are not covered in combustible materials, such as displays, that could enable fire to spread. 

No evacuation drills carried out

Due to the nature of the premises and the disruption a drill can cause to a show or a screening, drills are often not carried out. It important to ensure evacuation drills are carried out regularly and to highlight the importance of evacuation. 

Summary: Ensure simultaneous evacuation (where everyone evacuates when the fire alarm goes off) is completed quickly and safely, managed by a responsible person or designated person and confirm everyone is out of the building.

Transport premises and facilities have a legal duty to carry out a fire risk assessment.

What premises and facilities does this apply to?

Transport premises and facilities encompass a wide variety of premises, which may vary from relatively simple to large, complex facilities. They include the following, as well as similar premises that are not listed:

• airport terminals for both passenger and freight
• ferry and shipping ports for both passenger and freight
• rail terminals, stations and platforms – surface (train, light rail and tram) and sub-surface.
• bus and coach terminals and stations
• interchanges for transport
• tunnels for both road and rail

What premises and facilities does this not apply to?

• offices and shops within transport premises facilities
• modes of transport – vehicles such as trains, aircraft, buses

If your premises are attached to others, for example an airport attached to a shopping mall or hotel, it will be necessary to consult and work with those who manage those areas, so that your fire risk assessment forms part of the integrated risk assessment for the complete premises.

Go to the Fire safety risk assessment for transport premises and facilities which you will find on the .GOV.UK website. This provides a comprehensive guide and will tell you how to carry out an assessment and what you need to do, as well as some useful checklists.

We often find transport premises lack compartmentation (walls, floors, ceilings, doors and any other structure that is used to divide up a building). This is usually due to the age and size of the building and its poor maintenance. Compartmentation can help contain fire and smoke by having fire doors and fire resistant walls, floors and ceilings. It is important to make sure that any breaches of the building’s structure, such as holes or gaps often created by the installation or removal of equipment, wiring or pipework, are repaired to prevent fire spreading.

Emergency lighting and signage not clear

Emergency lighting and signage is used to aid people in the safe evacuation of a premises. In the event of a power failure, any areas that require emergency lighting will be illuminated to allow people to evacuate safely. Signage is needed to guide a person out of the premises as quickly and safely as possible. Given the size of most transport premises, it is important that the lighting and signage is easily identifiable and people within the premises are able to evacuate quickly and safely.

We commonly find that transport premises do not carry out appropriate testing and maintenance on fire precautions provided. It is important to ensure that all the equipment, devices and facilities provided in the premises for the safety of people are regularly tested and maintained by a competent person. This includes fire alarms, fire extinguishers, emergency lighting, signage, fire exits and fire doors, which should all be maintained and in working order, with the appropriate checks and tests carried out.

If your premises require a licence, you have a legal duty to carry out a fire risk assessment.

Kent Fire and Rescue Service is advised of licence applications in order that we can ensure adequate fire safety measures are provided and maintained, according to the risk of the premises and the activity taking place.

You will find information about  applying for a licence on the GOV.UK website . You will also find further general information on our Licensing pages.

How can I find out more about a fire safety risk assessment for my premises?

Each type of premises will have its own fire safety requirements. To learn about the ones that apply to your premises, please go to our  fire risk assessments  page. Here, you will find useful information together with links to the government assessment guides for different types of premises. You will also find information about who can carry out an assessment.

Yes. Although our inspectors can visit at any time, we usually give you advance notice or make an appointment.

Common problems our inspectors find when visiting licenced premises

Licensed premises often have accommodation on the first floor. It is essential that the separation – known as compartmentation – of the commercial areas from the residential ones is done using materials that provide 60 minutes resistance to fire. This can include floors, ceilings, stairs and doors. In order to prevent the spread of fire and smoke to other areas, it is also essential to ensure that there are no holes or gaps caused by wires or pipes passing through walls or other partitions.

If licensed premises have first floor accommodation, ensure they are separated (compartmented) using materials with 60 minutes fire resistance.

Which section of The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 applies?

Article 8 – Duty to take general fire precautions

Remember to ensure a fire risk assessment has been carried out and is regularly reviewed.

Article 9 – Risk assessment

Fire detection and alarm systems

We sometimes find domestic smoke detectors have been used in commercial premises. It is important to be aware that commercial premises are required to have fire detection and fire alarm systems of the correct standard and which are suitable for commercial premises. If you have any doubt or questions, consult Kent Fire and Rescue Service, or a fire alarm engineer. 

Do not use domestic smoke detectors. Always fit fire detection and fire alarm systems that are intended and suitable for commercial premises.

Article 13 – Firefighting and fire detection

Small premises

New guidance has been published for those with responsibility for fire safety in the common parts of small blocks of flats (limited to three (3) storeys).  The Guidance is ‘limited to three storey blocks, comprising not more than a ground, first and second floor and containing no more than six flats typically arranged such that there are two flats per floor’.

Those with responsibility for fire safety in such small blocks of flats include

• ‘social housing providers
• private sector landlords
• freeholders
• resident management companies
• right to manage companies
• managing agents’

Please see the Guidance for a detailed explanation of what areas are included in ‘common parts’.

Buildings this Guidance applies to

This guidance applies to ‘small general needs blocks of flats that:

• were constructed as purpose-built blocks of flats; or
• were converted into a block of flats in accordance with the 1991, or later, versions of the Building Regulations
• were in either case, designed on the basis of a ‘stay put’ strategy i.e. if a fire occurs in one flat, the occupants of other flats ‘are normally safe to remain within their own flats.’

This guidance is not appropriate for buildings where:

• your block falls outside the scope described above; or
• the design of fire precautions in your block differs materially from those recommended in’ the Government Guidance,

Responsible Persons should refer to the guidance for Fire safety in purpose-built blocks of flats .

If the block of flats was converted prior to 1991, responsible persons should refer to guidance published by LACoRS

Please see the guidance

Go to the Guide to making your small block of flats safe from fire  which you will find on the .GOV.UK website. This provides a comprehensive guide and will tell you how to carry out an assessment and what you need to do, as well as some useful checklists.

New Guidance  has been published for those with responsibility for fire safety in small paying guest accommodation. Please note the guidance points out the ‘the law applies to all short-term lets that are not let as a principal residence – even if you rent out a room in your home only once.’

What premises does the Guidance apply to?

The guidance is for use in small premises that have:

• simple layouts
• limited fire risks
• ‘a small number of bedrooms designated as guest sleeping accommodation for short-term lets, such as small bed and breakfast, guest houses and self-catering accommodation’

It is limited to:

• ‘single premises of ground floor, or ground and first floor, providing sleeping accommodation for a maximum of 10 persons, with no more than four bedrooms on the first floor, such as houses, cottages, and chalets
• individual flats (whether within a purpose-built block of flats or a house that has been converted into flats), other than unsually large flats (e.g. as often found in mansion blocks in London)’

Please note the guidance also states that: ‘The fire safety principles and recommendations in this Guide can also be applied to smaller types of outdoor accommodation which fall under the same duties such as holiday caravans, camping and glamping pods, bothies, lodges, shepherds’ huts, tents, tree houses and yurts.’ For further information about such accommodation please see the Guidance . 

Buildings and premises the guidance is not appropriate for:

• ‘premises that fall outside the scope described above; or
• the design of fire safety measures in your premises differs materially from those discussed and recommended in this Guide. (e.g. a 2 storey property with an open plan ground floor or a flat with a bedroom accessed only through another room)’

What if my premises are attached to or part of others?

Please see the guidance for further information.

Go to the Guidance  Making your small paying guest accommodation safe from fire which you will find on the .GOV.UK website. This provides a comprehensive guide and will tell you how to carry out an assessment and what you need to do, as well as some useful checklists.

New guidance has been published for those with responsibility for fire safety in small non domestic premises – those with ‘simple layouts, low fire risk, with limited fire hazards and a small number of employees, customers, and visitors’.

This guidance applies to premises where:

• ‘you have sole control of the premises
• the area on any floor does not exceed 280m2
• the maximum distance that anyone will need to walk from any point in the building to an exit to open air is not more than 25m
• on each floor, there is relatively clear vision across the floor area
• there are no hazardous processes, particularly those involving cutting, welding and similar processes, and no storage or use of dangerous substances, such as highly flammable liquids, other than in quantities of no more than 50 litres
• cooking processes are remote from exits, such that there would be no potential for them to prevent escape in the event of fire
• no one sleeps on the premises’

This guidance is not appropriate for the following types of building:

• premises that fall outside the scope of the guidance, as described above
• premises that ‘…are part of a larger complex, for example, a shopping centre
• the design of fire precautions in your premises differs materially from those recommended at Section 5’ of the Guidance

Please see the Guidance for information relating to premises that are situated in larger multi occupied buildings or larger complexes and what you are required to do and be aware of.

Go to the Guide to making your small non-domestic premises safe from fire  which you will find on the .GOV.UK website. This provides a comprehensive guide and will tell you how to carry out an assessment and what you need to do, as well as some useful checklists.

Choosing a competent fire risk assessor

When deciding who is to conduct the fire risk assessment, you may find it helpful to consider the following.

The law on fire safety relates to all premises that are not a single domestic property and includes: 

• commercial premises and workplaces 
• voluntary organisations 
• workplaces of the self employed 
• anywhere that the public have access to 
• the common (shared) parts of residential buildings, such as flats or houses where lots of different people live
• employers: if you are an employer you have a legal duty to carry out a fire risk assessment
• if you live in or control/help to control premises that are not domestic. (This also applies to empty premises if you own them): it is likely you will also have a legal duty to carry out a fire risk assessment
• owners: if your business does not have an employer, or an occupier, you may be the responsible person and have the legal duty to carry out a fire risk assessment. 

The legal duty is to carry out a fire risk assessment to ensure the premises comply with the relevant law. For England and Wales, the law relating to this duty is The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 (known as the Fire Safety Order). 

A fire risk assessment: 

• identifies possible fire hazards and people who may be at risk 
• evaluates the risks and what can be done to remove or reduce them 
• records what was found and done. 

It is not a one-off assessment. It must be up to date and reviewed regularly, taking into account any changes to your premises. 

It is possible to do the fire risk assessment yourself, particularly if your premises are small or low risk. You will find information about this on the fire risk assessments section, together with a link to the relevant government guidelines. 

However, if on reading the government guidelines, you have any doubts or reservations about the time, resources, level of understanding, knowledge or any other aspect of carrying out the assessment yourself, you can employ a specialist to do it for you. 

Because the legal duty always remains with you, it is important that you check that the person you are employing to do the assessment is competent and can do the job correctly. 

Approach appointing an assessor in the same way that you would approach appointing any supplier for your business. 

• check that the person or company is registered with, or certified by, a professional body or organisation 
• contact the professional body or organisation that they are registered with or certified by, and discuss your needs with them, in order to establish that the assessor you choose is appropriate, sufficiently qualified and competent to carry out an assessment for your type of business 
• check that an assessor has carried out fire risk assessments for businesses and premises like yours before 
• ask for names of previous clients with business/premises similar to yours from whom you can request references 
• ask all and any other questions to satisfy yourself that they are experienced in, and understand your type of business or premises, including if they keep up to date with current practice (for example by attending continuing professional development courses) 
• obtain alternative quotes – make sure they all cover the same scope so you can draw a proper comparison 
• agree work in writing, provide access, keep records and check the assessor has the appropriate insurance 

Further guidance for specific types of premises

As well as the government guidance for fire safety assessments for your type of premises, you may also need to consider other requirements depending on your type of business. These may include:

• specialised housing, including sheltered housing – see the useful guide prepared by the  National Fire Chiefs Council
• purpose built blocks of flats – see   information available on .GOV.UK
• for multiple occupation and shared houses, and bedsits – you will find useful additional information available from the  Local Authorities Coordinators of Regulatory Services  (LACORS)
• the  Housing Act
• the Dangerous Substances and Explosive Atmospheres Regulations 2002 – a useful summary of these regulations is provided by the  Health and Safety Executive

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Fire Safety - Risk Assessment

Educational premises.

'Fire Safety - Risk Assessment: Educational Premises' is for all employers, head teachers, governors, vice-chancellors, occupiers and owners of premises in England and Wales where the main use of the building or part of the building is for educational purposes including:

Schools including Sunday schools and after school clubs

Universities

Crèches

Adult education centres

Outdoor education centres

Music schools

'Fire Safety - Risk Assessment: Educational Premises' will not apply to residential premises such as university halls of residence, boarding school sleeping accommodation.

This guide is divided into two parts:

Part 1: Explains what fire risk assessment is and how you might go about it. Fire risk assessment should be the foundation for all the fire precautions in your premises.

Part 2: Provides further guidance on fire precautions. The information is provided for you and others to dip into during your fire risk assessment or when you are reviewing your precautions.

Appendices provide supplementary information.

Fire safety law changed in October 2006

New fire safety rules affecting all non-domestic premises in England and Wales came into force on 1 October 2006 , in accordance with the 'Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005' (S.I. 2005/1541, ISBN 0110729455), available below. The new law:

Emphasises preventing fires and reducing risk

Makes it your responsibility to ensure the safety of everyone who uses your premises and in the immediate vicinity

Does away with the need for fire certificates

These guidance notes will help you to comply with the new law. There are 12 'Fire Safety - Risk Assessment' Guides in the series and one Supplementary Guide – 'Means of Escape for Disabled People' – all of which are available below.

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Educational Fire Risk Assessments

Fire risk assessments are a crucial part of protecting people and property. This is even more vital in educational settings where school buildings can be packed with staff and young students, meaning fire safety measures must be robust and evacuation procedures need to be simple to follow and easy to access. 

An educational fire risk assessment is an organised inspection of a nursery, school, college, or university premises that aims to ascertain if there are any fire hazards that could cause harm. It also is used to assess the measures currently in place, estimate the level of risk, and reduce this to a minimum.

Fire risk assessments for schools

To comply with the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005, all schools and educational settings must complete a fire risk assessment. The risk assessment ensures the school building fully complies with government safety guidelines. The priorities of a school fire risk assessment are to:

• Identify the fire hazards
• Reduce the risk of those hazards causing harm to as low as reasonably practicable
• Decide what physical fire precautions and management arrangements are necessary to ensure the safety of people in your premises if a fire does occur. 

What does a school fire risk assessment involve?

Whether you are responsible for a college, university or primary school, your fire risk assessor will check for a wide range of safety features. This will include a variation of the following: 

• The building’s construction, layout, and use
• Evacuation routes that are easy to access and unobstructed
• Emergency lighting that has been properly installed and is in good working order
• Compartmentation measures are in place for limiting fire spread
• Fire safety signs are in the proper locations and used correctly
• Fire extinguishers are in appropriate locations
• Correct testing procedures and maintenance are in place for fire safety systems.

Our comprehensive fire risk assessments for schools incorporate all of the above, plus many more detailed safety checks. Your assessor will also look to confirm whether an adequate number of teachers and support staff have received the correct fire safety training and may request to speak to the person responsible for managing the building about the current safety procedures.

School fire risk assessments by NW Fire Solutions

A fire risk assessment by North West Fire Solutions will provide peace of mind for those responsible for fire safety at an educational premises. Our highly trained assessors have experience in identifying risks specific to users of educational buildings, and will ensure any potential fire risks are identified and covered in the assessment to help keep the risk of fire to an absolute minimum.

Get in touch

To find out how a fire risk assessment can improve your school’s fire safety procedures, contact our friendly team today for expert advice and a free quote. At NW Fire Solutions, our expert team has a wealth of experience in providing fire risk assessments for all types of buildings, from educational and residential properties, to commercial and industrial premises.

+44 203 051 1294

[email protected]

Mon - Fri  9:30am - 5:30pm

A Comprehensive Guide on How to Conduct a Fire Risk Assessment

Table of contents, key takeaways.

At FireRisk.io , we understand the criticality of fire safety in both residential and commercial settings. Every year, devastating losses occur due to fires, highlighting the necessity of fire risk assessments. This guide aims to simplify the process for you, ensuring that your premises are compliant with legal requirements and safeguarded against potential fire hazards.

Understanding the Basics of Fire Risk Assessment

A fire risk assessment is a systematic process aimed at identifying potential fire hazards, evaluating risks, and implementing measures to mitigate them. It’s a legal requirement for almost all non-domestic premises in the UK, including businesses and public buildings. The goal is to ensure the safety of everyone within the premises and to minimize the risk of fire-related incidents.

Step 1: Identify Fire Hazards

Identifying potential fire hazards is the first critical step in the assessment process. It involves examining your premises to find any situation or item that could potentially cause a fire, even with general white goods . Common hazards include electrical equipment, flammable materials, and heating systems. This step is crucial in laying the groundwork for the rest of the assessment.

Step 2: Identify People at Risk

Once hazards are identified, the next step is to determine who is at risk. This includes employees, visitors, and any other individuals who might be present in your premises. Special attention should be given to vulnerable groups like the elderly or those with disabilities.

Step 3: Evaluate and Mitigate Risks

After identifying the hazards and people at risk, it’s time to evaluate these risks and decide how to mitigate them. This may involve implementing safety measures, such as installing fire alarms and emergency lighting, or improving existing ones like fire door surveying and fire extinguisher testing.

Step 4: Documentation and Emergency Plan

Documenting your findings is a legal requirement if your business has five or more people. This includes preparing an emergency plan and providing training. It’s essential to have a clear and accessible document detailing all identified risks, the measures implemented to address them, and an effective emergency response plan.

Step 5: Regular Review and Update

Fire risk assessments are not a one-time task. They should be reviewed and updated regularly to ensure ongoing safety. Changes in building layout, business activities, or any other relevant factors might necessitate an update in your assessment.

Common fire hazard types:

Legal and Insurance Considerations

A thorough fire risk assessment is not only a legal obligation but can also positively impact insurance premiums. It ensures compliance with safety standards, potentially avoiding fines or legal action in cases of non-compliance. Remember, as the responsible person, you must carry out and regularly review a fire risk assessment of the premises.

Let’s delve deeper into the legal requirements and how to ensure your fire risk assessment meets all necessary standards.

Navigating Legal Requirements for Fire Risk Assessments

Navigating the legal landscape of fire risk assessments can be daunting, but it’s a crucial part of maintaining a safe workplace. In the UK, there are specific guidelines and regulations that must be followed to ensure compliance and safety.

Understanding the Regulatory Framework

The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order of October 2023 , is a key piece of legislation governing fire safety in the UK. It requires that a ‘responsible person’ – typically the employer or premises owner – carries out a fire risk assessment and implements appropriate fire safety measures. This legal framework sets out a clear roadmap for what is expected in a fire risk assessment.

The Role of the ‘Responsible Person’

As the ‘responsible person’, you are legally required to ensure the safety of everyone who uses your premises. This involves conducting a thorough fire risk assessment, keeping a written record if your business has 5 or more people, and regularly reviewing and updating the assessment.

Key Areas to Focus On

When conducting a fire risk assessment, it’s important to consider various aspects of your premises:

• Emergency routes and exits : Ensuring clear and safe evacuation paths.
• Fire detection and warning systems : Regular fire alarm testing is vital.
• Fire fighting equipment : This includes regular fire extinguisher testing .
• Safe storage of dangerous substances : Reducing the risk of fires caused by flammable materials.
• Vulnerable individuals : Special consideration for people with disabilities or other vulnerabilities.

Best Practices for Conducting Fire Risk Assessments

Conducting a fire risk assessment requires a systematic approach to ensure thoroughness and compliance. Here are some best practices to guide you:

1. Comprehensive Hazard Identification

Start by identifying all potential fire hazards within your premises. This can range from electrical equipment to storage of combustible materials.

2. Assessing People at Risk

Evaluate who would be at risk in the event of a fire. This includes employees, visitors, and any other individuals present in the building.

3. Implementing Effective Measures

Based on the assessment, implement effective measures to manage and mitigate identified risks. This may involve installing new safety equipment or updating existing procedures.

4. Keeping Detailed Records

Maintain detailed records of your fire risk assessment, including all identified hazards, the measures taken to address them, and any findings from regular reviews.

5. Seeking Professional Assistance

If you lack the expertise or time to conduct a fire risk assessment, it’s advisable to seek professional help. Companies like FireRisk.io offer expert services in this area, ensuring that your assessment is thorough and compliant.

The Importance of Regular Reviews and Updates

Fire risk assessments are not static; they need to be dynamic and evolve as your business or premises change. Regular reviews are essential to ensure that your fire safety measures remain effective and compliant.

Why Regular Reviews Are Crucial

• Changes in Premises : Modifications to your building’s layout or usage can introduce new hazards.
• Updates in Fire Safety Standards : Fire safety regulations and best practices can change, necessitating updates to your procedures.
• New Equipment or Technology : Introducing new equipment might alter the fire risk profile of your premises.

Conducting Effective Reviews

Effective reviews involve reassessing all aspects of your fire risk assessment to identify any changes that might impact fire safety. This includes re-evaluating hazards, updating emergency plans, and ensuring that all safety equipment, like fire alarms and extinguishers, are in working order. Fire alarm testing, fire extinguisher testing, and emergency light testing are critical components of this process.

How FireRisk.io Can Help

At FireRisk.io , we specialize in providing comprehensive fire risk assessments and related services. Our expertise ensures that your premises are not only compliant with the law but also offer a safe environment for everyone.

Services We Offer

• Fire Risk Assessment : Our team conducts thorough assessments to identify potential fire hazards and suggests effective measures to mitigate them.
• Fire Door Surveying : We evaluate the condition and effectiveness of fire doors, ensuring they meet safety standards.
• Fire Alarm Testing : Regular assessments to ensure the functionality and reliability of your fire alarm systems.
• Emergency Light Testing : We assess emergency lighting systems to guarantee they function correctly during emergencies.

Embracing Technological Advancements

Advancements in technology are playing a significant role in enhancing fire safety measures. From smart fire detection systems to advanced fire suppression technologies, integrating these innovations can significantly improve safety standards and response times.

The Role of Continuous Education

Continuous education and training in fire safety are vital. Regular staff training ensures that everyone is aware of the procedures to follow in case of a fire, which can save lives. FireRisk.io offers comprehensive training and educational resources to help you stay informed and prepared.

Anticipating Regulatory Changes

Fire safety regulations are subject to change, often becoming more stringent. Staying informed about these changes is essential for maintaining compliance and ensuring the safety of your premises.

Tailored Solutions for Your Needs

Every premise is unique, and so are the fire safety challenges it faces. We offer tailored solutions that address the specific needs of your premises, ensuring comprehensive protection and compliance.

Conducting a fire risk assessment is a fundamental aspect of maintaining a safe and compliant workplace. Regular reviews and updates are critical to adapting to any changes in your premises or fire safety regulations. With FireRisk.io, you have a partner who can guide you through every step of this vital process, offering peace of mind and protection for your assets and people.

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Fire safety risk assessment: forms and guidance

Guidance on completing a fire safety risk assessment for people responsible for non-domestic premises and houses of multiple occupation (HMO).

A fire risk assessment is a practical exercise aimed at evaluating:

• the risk from fire in your premises
• how fire might be prevented
• how to ensure the safety of people in or around your premises if a fire does start

The outcome of an assessment must be acted on with appropriate fire safety measures put in place.

Assessments should be reviewed regularly.

Email: [email protected] Tel: 0131 244 3026

Fire and Rescue Division Scottish Government St Andrew's House (1R) Regent Road Edinburgh EH1 3DG

Update care home form, HMO form and the fire safety risk assessment record.

Updated Guide to carrying out and recording a fire safety risk assessment

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Fire safety risk assessment: offices and shops

Guidance about completing a fire safety risk assessment for people responsible for offices and shops.

Applies to England

Fire safety risk assessment: offices and shops (accessible).

Ref: ISBN 9781851128150

PDF , 1.31 MB , 146 pages

This file may not be suitable for users of assistive technology.

This guide gives advice about completing a fire safety risk assessment for all employers, managers, occupiers and owners of premises where the main use of the building (or part of the building) is an office or shop including:

• purpose-built or converted office blocks
• individual office or shop units which are part of other complexes (eg a shopping centre)

The guide does not apply for the overall management of multi-use shopping areas. Use the risk assessment guide for large places of assembly instead.

The law does not apply to offices in private domestic accommodation.

This guide has been published by the Secretary of State under Article 50 of the Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 (FSO) to assist responsible persons in meeting their duties under the FSO.

Updates to this page

Clarified the Article 50 status of the guide.

First published.

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A Comprehensive Guide to Fire Risk Assessment and Prevention

Fire safety is a critical aspect of maintaining a secure and protected environment in buildings and businesses. Conducting a thorough fire risk assessment is a key step in identifying potential hazards, evaluating risks, and implementing effective measures to prevent and mitigate the impact of fires. This article will delve into the essential processes and steps involved in fire risk assessment, drawing upon recognized standards and guidelines such as NFPA 551, NFPA 553, and NFPA 557.

Conducting a Fire Risk Assessment:

Identifying potential fire hazards:.

The first step in a fire risk assessment is identifying potential fire hazards within a building. This includes recognizing sources of ignition, combustible materials, electrical equipment, heating systems, cooking appliances, and smoking materials. NFPA standards provide guidelines for identifying and managing these hazards, emphasizing the importance of a visual inspection to detect signs of wear, damage, or instability in these potential sources of ignition.

Evaluating Likelihood and Impact:

Assessing the likelihood of a fire occurring involves considering the identified hazards and their probability of ignition. Additionally, understanding the potential impact of a fire on the area is crucial. This evaluation requires a systematic approach, considering factors such as building layout, fire detection and warning systems, and emergency routes and exits. Adhering to NFPA standards ensures a comprehensive assessment, providing a robust foundation for risk evaluation.

Key Steps in Conducting a Fire Risk Assessment:

Reiterating the importance of identifying potential fire hazards, this step involves a detailed examination of the building’s infrastructure. This includes assessing electrical systems, heating equipment, cooking facilities, and areas prone to the accumulation of combustible materials.

Evaluating People at Risk:

Considering the people within the building is crucial in a fire risk assessment. This involves identifying vulnerable populations, such as the elderly or individuals with mobility challenges, and developing strategies to ensure their safety during a fire emergency.

Determining Measures to Reduce Risk:

Once potential hazards and at-risk populations are identified, the next step is to determine measures to reduce the risk of fire. This may include implementing fire-resistant materials, improving emergency exits, and installing advanced fire detection and suppression systems. Building layout plays a significant role in this step, and compliance with NFPA standards ensures effective risk reduction.

Major Types of Risks During a Fire:

Understanding the major types of risks during a fire is crucial for preparedness. These risks include heat, smoke, oxygen deficiency, and toxic gases. Each poses unique dangers, and being aware of these risks helps in planning for different scenarios that may arise during a fire. NFPA standards offer detailed insights into managing these risks effectively.

Heat during a fire can cause burns, structural damage, and escalate the spread of fire. Implementing fire-resistant materials and effective ventilation systems are essential precautions.

Smoke inhalation is a common cause of injuries during fires. Ensuring proper evacuation routes and the use of smoke detectors can significantly reduce the risks associated with smoke.

Oxygen Deficiency:

Fires consume oxygen, leading to oxygen-deficient environments. Adequate ventilation and emergency oxygen supply measures are critical to addressing this risk.

Toxic Gases:

Combustion of certain materials releases toxic gases. Identifying and managing these materials, along with proper ventilation, helps mitigate the risks associated with toxic gases.

Identifying Potential Sources of Ignition:

Identifying potential sources of ignition involves recognizing electrical equipment, heating systems, cooking appliances, and smoking materials. A visual inspection is crucial for identifying signs of wear, damage, or instability. Regular checks and maintenance are emphasized to ensure the safety of these ignition sources.

Quantifying Safety Risks Associated with Combustible Materials:

Quantifying safety risks associated with combustible materials involves considering factors such as the type and quantity of materials, their location within the building, and potential ignition sources. Conducting a thorough risk assessment, as outlined in NFPA standards, is essential to identify hazards and implement control measures effectively.

DeterminingWhether an Emergency Plan is Necessary:

Conducting a risk assessment for business premises involves considering factors such as the type and size of the business, the number of employees, the nature of operations, and potential hazards. Based on this assessment, determining whether an emergency plan is necessary ensures preparedness for fire emergencies.

Key Steps in Developing a Safety Plan:

Developing a safety plan involves identifying potential hazards, establishing safety protocols, and implementing emergency procedures. Involving all stakeholders in the planning process and regularly reviewing and updating the plan are critical steps to ensure its effectiveness.

Key Elements of Training Employees on Fire Safety Procedures:

Training employees on fire safety procedures includes conducting fire drills, teaching the proper use of fire extinguishers, familiarizing them with evacuation plans, and establishing communication protocols. Clear and concise instruction, coupled with regular refresher courses, ensures employees are well-prepared for fire emergencies

Common Safety Signs in Buildings:

Common safety signs in buildings include those for fire exits, no smoking, caution, and emergency contact information. Emphasizing the importance of these signs helps promote a safe and secure environment within buildings.

Safety Precautions When Working with Combustible Materials:

When working with combustible materials, safety precautions include storing materials in designated areas, using spark-resistant tools, and maintaining proper ventilation. These measures are essential to prevent fires and ensure the safety of individuals working with or around combustible materials.

Exceptions to General Safety Rules for Fires in Buildings:

There are specific exceptions to general safety rules based on factors such as building codes, fire suppression systems, and the presence of hazardous materials. Unique safety protocols may be necessary for buildings with special uses or configurations, such as hospitals or high-rise buildings.

Legal Requirements for Fire Risk Assessment:

Conducting a fire risk assessment must adhere to legal requirements outlined in local fire safety regulations and codes. Following specific laws, guidelines, and standards ensures compliance and a thorough assessment of fire risks.

Loss of Life in Building Fires:

A loss of life can occur during building fires due to common causes such as smoke inhalation, burns, and structural collapses. Implementing preventative measures and safety protocols, including efficient evacuation plans and fire prevention strategies, is crucial to minimizing the risk of casualties during a fire.

Conclusion:

Ensuring fire safety requires a comprehensive approach, starting with a detailed fire risk assessment. By identifying potential hazards, evaluating risks, and implementing effective measures, individuals and businesses can significantly reduce the likelihood and impact of fires. Adhering to recognized standards and guidelines, such as those provided by NFPA, ensures a thorough and compliant assessment. Additionally, developing and regularly updating safety plans, training employees, and considering legal requirements contribute to a holistic fire safety strategy, ultimately minimizing the risk of loss of life and property in the event of a fire.

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Fire Safety Risk Assessment Guide for Educational Premises

Updated: Jun 13

Fire safety on educational premises is extremely important. It’s the responsibility of the headteachers, governors, vice-chancellors, occupiers and owners of educational premises to look after the safety and well-being of all students that use the site. Students of all ages need to be able to learn and grow in an environment that they feel they are safe in. A safe school, university or college also needs to ensure the safety and security of all employees and visitors including teachers, cleaners, parents. A big part of this safety is taking the appropriate precautions to respond to a fire.

Fire safety risk assessments involve a review of a building to assess its fire risk and offer recommendations to make it safer. It is an organised and methodical look at your premises, the activities carried on there and the likelihood that a fire could start and cause harm to those in and around the premises. The aim of a risk assessment is to identify potential hazards, to reduce the risk of these hazards causing harm and to decide what fire precautions and management arrangements are necessary to ensure the safety of everyone who uses the building.

What happens in a fire safety risk assessment?

During your risk assessment, the first step is to identify potential fire hazards. For a fire to start it needs three things; a source of ignition, fuel and oxygen. Because a fire needs all three of these things to start, it’s important to take precautions to prevent these from coming together. This step includes how to identify potential ignition sources, the materials that might fuel a fire and the oxygen supplies that will help it burn.

The next step identifies people at risk if a fire does break out. This determines what areas students and staff will be on-site and what areas they will be occupying. This also includes other members that may be at risk such as members of the public, visiting contractors etc. There will be particular individuals that are at higher risk and will need more attention. 

These include:

Students in unsupervised areas

Pupils or students with language difficulties

Employees who work alone or in isolated areas

People unfamiliar with the premises

People with disabilities

People who have some reason for not being able to leave the premises quickly such as young children or babies, people with special needs or the elderly

Other people in the immediate vicinity of the premises

The third step is evaluating, removing, reducing and protecting from risk. The management of the premises and the way people use it will have an effect on your evaluation of risk. Evaluating the chance of a fire igniting depends on how many ignition sources and combustible materials are on site. 

Typically, fires start in one of three ways:

Accidentally - smoking materials not being properly extinguished or lighting equipment being knocked over.

By act or omission - electrical equipment not being properly maintained or waste accumulating near a heat source.

Deliberately - such as an arson attack 

It’s important to look critically at the premises and figure out what accidents could happen or acts of omission that could lead to a fire starting. Schools are at the top of the list of buildings that are most at risk of arson.

It is unlikely that there is no risk of fire. So at this point, the risk assessment will need to evaluate the risk to the people that are on your premises. It should also be determined how likely an incident is to happen, but it’s important to consider that many unlikely events can put the most amount of people at risk.

The next step includes removing or reducing the hazards. If the hazard cannot be completely removed then it requires reducing it as much as possible. This is an essential part of the fire safety risk assessment and any attempt to reduce or remove a risk should not be substituted with other hazards or risks. This will involve removing sources of ignition, source of fuel and sources of oxygen where possible to ensure the safety of students, staff and members of the public.

Fire detection and warning systems

Once your fire safety risk assessment has been carried out, the next step is to ensure that current fire detection and warning systems are working or if extra systems need to be added. Smaller educational facilities such as single storey village primary schools will need less extravagant systems as a fire will most likely be very obvious. However, larger educational premises such as university campuses or colleges will require more detection systems and fire alarms because a single fire alarm is unlikely to be heard from all areas of the site. 

There are considerations that need to be taken for schools when considering a fire alarm system because often a bell is used to signify the end and start of lessons. This means there needs to be a fire alarm that is distinguishable from the normal bell and that all known users of the building are aware of the differences. These systems can either be triggered by manually operated call points such as break glass boxes or through an automatic detection system. An automatic detection system is more appropriate if there are many unsupervised areas that could lead to escape routes being blocked if the fire is able to spread without anyone realising it.

A Fire Safety company will be able to perform risk assessments  as well as inform you if the current fire alarm and detection system you currently have in place is adequate and advise you on any changes they believe should be made.

Firefighting equipment and facilities

Another vital aspect of fire safety within educational premises is to ensure you have the correct equipment to extinguish a fire should one start. If a small fire was to start, fire extinguishers offer a quick method of eliminating the fire before it causes a problem. For example, this could be a fire in a waste paper bin. However, the most important part of fire safety is to ensure the safety of staff and pupils by evacuating as quickly as possible. The first course of action is to raise the alarm and get everybody to safety at the designated fire assembly points.

People that haven’t had any training should not be expected to use a fire extinguisher but all staff should be familiar with the location and operation of fire safety equipment. You may want to assign fire marshals as a part of fire safety who will be provided with comprehensive training. The fire equipment should include the main types of fire extinguishers or have one or two appropriate for the premises ready for use.

Fire safety checklist

Are the extinguishers suitable for the purpose?

Are there enough extinguishers on-site?

Are the right types of extinguishers located close to the fire hazards

and can users get to them without exposing themselves to risk?

Are the extinguishers easy to see and gain access to?

Have you taken steps to reduce the misuse of extinguishers?

Is the equipment checked and maintained regularly?

Are daily checks carried out to ensure access for emergency vehicles?

Is there someone competent to test the equipment and alarms?

Do you have the necessary procedures in place to maintain any facilities

that have been provided for the safety of people in the building (or for the

use of firefighters, such as access for fire engines and firefighting lifts)?

Escape routes

Once a fire has started, been detected and a warning given, everyone in your premises should be able to escape to a place of total safety unaided and without the help of the fire and rescue service. The type and occupancy of the educational facility will determine the escape plan. For example, premises with small children, disabled people or the elderly, will need to ensure a plan is in place to assist any vulnerable people off-site and teachers, lecturers and staff will need to be assigned this responsibility.  Escape routes need to be established, with clear signs and with multiple options to ensure everyone is able to safely make it to an assembly point.

EK Fire Protection - Risk assessments and fire alarms

Are you the owner or manager of an educational facility? If so, you have the responsibility to ensure the safety of all students, staff and members of the public that visit the site. Schools, universities and other educational premises can have large amounts of people regularly using the facilities. Therefore, it can often be a big task to ensure an effective risk assessment is carried out and the right fire equipment and escape routes are established.

EK Fire Protection  offer risk assessments and fire alarm systems for workplace environments to ensure the safety of everyone that uses them. To learn more about our services and what we can provide for you, visit our website .

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