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6 Pros and Cons of Globalization in Business to Consider

• 01 Apr 2021

Throughout history, commerce and business have been limited by certain geographic constraints. In its earliest days, trade happened between neighboring tribes and city-states. As humans domesticated the horse and other animals, the distances they could travel to trade increased. These distances increased further with the development of seafaring capabilities.

Although humans have been using ships for centuries to transport goods, cargo, people, and ideas around the world, it wasn’t until the development of the airplane that the blueprint of a “globalized economy” was laid. This was for a simple reason: You can travel greater distances faster than ever before.

The development of the internet accelerated this process even more, making it easier to communicate and collaborate with others. Today, your international co-worker, business partner, customer, or friend is only a few taps or clicks away.

Globalization has had numerous effects—both positive and negative—on business and society at large. Here’s an overview of the pros and cons of globalization in business.

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What Is Globalization?

Globalization is the increased flow of goods, services, capital, people, and ideas across international boundaries according to the online course Global Business , taught by Harvard Business School Professor Forest Reinhardt.

“We live in an age of globalization,” Reinhardt says in Global Business . “That is, national economies are even more tightly connected with one another than ever before.”

How Globalization Affects Daily Life

Globalization has had a significant impact on various aspects of daily life.

For example, it’s changed the way consumers shop for products and services. Today, 70 percent of Americans shop online. In 2022, there were 268 million digital buyers in the US and by 2025, this number is predicted to reach 285 million.

In addition, the globalized economy has opened up new job markets by making it more feasible to hire overseas workers. This has created a wide range of career opportunities for both job seekers and employers.

The emergence of remote work post-pandemic was also made possible by globalization. According to a survey from WFH Research , only seven percent of paid workdays in the US were remote in 2019. However, this number climbed to 29 percent by January 2024.

Check out the video below to learn more about globalization, and subscribe to our YouTube channel for more explainer content!

Advantages of Globalization

1. economic growth.

It’s widely believed that one of the benefits of globalization is greater economic growth for all parties. There are several reasons why this might be the case, including:

• Access to labor: Globalization gives all nations access to a wider labor pool. Developing nations with a shortage of knowledge workers might, for example, “import” labor to kickstart industry. Wealthier nations, on the other hand, might outsource low-skill work to developing nations with a lower cost of living to reduce the cost of goods sold and pass those savings on to the customer.
• Access to jobs: This point is directly related to labor. Through globalization, developing nations often gain access to jobs in the form of work that’s been outsourced by wealthier nations. While there are potential pitfalls to this (see “Disproportionate Growth” below), this work can significantly contribute to the local economy.
• Access to resources: One of the primary reasons nations trade is to gain access to resources they otherwise wouldn’t have. Without this flow of resources across borders, many modern luxuries would be impossible to manufacture or produce. Smartphones, for example, are dependent on rare earth metals found in limited areas around the world.
• The ability for nations to “specialize”: Global and regional cooperation allow nations to heavily lean into their economic strengths, knowing they can trade products for other resources. An example is a tropical nation that specializes in exporting a certain fruit. It’s been shown that when nations specialize in the production of goods or services in which they have an advantage, trade benefits both parties.

2. Increased Global Cooperation

For a globalized economy to exist, nations must be willing to put their differences aside and work together. Therefore, increased globalization has been linked to a reduction—though not an elimination—of conflict.

“Of course, as long as there have been nations, they've been connected with each other through the exchange of lethal force—through war and conquest—and this threat has never gone away,” Reinhardt says in Global Business . “The conventional wisdom has been that the increased intensity of these other flows—goods, services, capital, people, and so on—have reduced the probability that the world's nations will fall back into the catastrophe of war.”

3. Increased Cross-Border Investment

According to the course Global Business , globalization has led to an increase in cross-border investment. At the macroeconomic level, this international investment has been shown to enhance welfare on both sides of the equation.

The country that’s the source of the capital benefits because it can often earn a higher return abroad than domestically. The country that receives the inflow of capital benefits because that capital contributes to investment and, therefore, to productivity. Foreign investment also often comes with, or in the form of, technology, know-how, or access to distribution channels that can help the recipient nation.

Disadvantages of Globalization

1. increased competition.

When viewed as a whole, global free trade is beneficial to the entire system. Individual companies, organizations, and workers can be disadvantaged, however, by global competition. This is similar to how these parties might be disadvantaged by domestic competition: The pool has simply widened.

With this in mind, some firms, industries, and citizens may elect governments to pursue protectionist policies designed to buffer domestic firms or workers from foreign competition. Protectionism often takes the form of tariffs, quotas, or non-tariff barriers, such as quality or sanitation requirements that make it more difficult for a competing nation or business to justify doing business in the country. These efforts can often be detrimental to the overall economic performance of both parties.

“Although we live in an age of globalization, we also seem to be living in an age of anti-globalization,” Reinhardt says in Global Business . “Dissatisfaction with the results of freer trade, concern about foreign investment, and polarized views about immigration all seem to be playing important roles in rich-country politics in the United States and Europe. The threats in Western democracy to the post-war globalist consensus have never been stronger.”

2. Disproportionate Growth

Another issue of globalization is that it can introduce disproportionate growth both between and within nations. These effects must be carefully managed economically and morally.

Within countries, globalization often has the effect of increasing immigration. Macroeconomically, immigration increases gross domestic product (GDP), which can be an economic boon to the recipient nation. Immigration may, however, reduce GDP per capita in the short run if immigrants’ income is lower than the average income of those already living in the country.

Additionally, as with competition, immigration can benefit the country as a whole while imposing costs on people who may want their government to restrict immigration to protect them from those costs. These sentiments are often tied to and motivated—at least in part—by racism and xenophobia.

“Meanwhile, outside the rich world, hundreds of millions of people remain mired in poverty,” Reinhardt says in Global Business. “We don't seem to be able to agree about whether this is because of too much globalization or not enough.”

3. Environmental Concerns

Increased globalization has been linked to various environmental challenges, many of which are serious, including:

• Deforestation and loss of biodiversity caused by economic specialization and infrastructure development
• Greenhouse gas emissions and other forms of pollution caused by increased transportation of goods
• The introduction of potentially invasive species into new environments

While such issues are governed by existing or proposed laws and regulations, businesses have made climate change concerns and sustainability a priority by, for example, embracing the tenets of the triple bottom line and the idea of corporate social responsibility .

Managing the Risks of Globalization

The world is never going to abandon globalization. While it’s true that individual countries and regions put policies and practices in place that limit globalization, such as tariffs, it’s here to stay. The good news is that businesses and professionals willing to prepare for globalization’s challenges by developing strong social impact skills have the potential to benefit immensely.

Whether you’re a business owner, member of executive leadership, or an employee, understanding the impacts of globalization and how to identify its opportunities and risks can help you become more effective in your role and drive value for your organization.

Taking a course like Global Business is one path toward developing international business skills and gaining an understanding of the macroeconomic, political , and social conditions that continue to impact globalization.

Are you interested in breaking into a global market? Sharpen your knowledge of the international business world with Global Business , one of our online business in society courses . If you aren't sure which course is the right fit, download our free course flowchart .

This post was updated on February 26, 2024. It was originally published on April 15, 2021.

About the Author

An economist explains the pros and cons of globalization

Piling up: Global trade has increased, but has it been a positive or negative force? Image:  REUTERS/Tyrone Siu

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Every industrial revolution has driven a wave of globalization. The first wave was driven by innovations such as the steam engine and the industrial weaving machine; the second by the assembly line, the car and the plane; and the third by the digital revolution.

As we enter the fourth wave of globalization, driven by the digital revolution, there is renewed debate over whether it is a beneficial force: powering economic growth, and allowing the spread of ideas to improve people’s lives; or whether it erodes communities, and widens the gap between the elites and the rest of the world.

Globalization results in increased trade and lower prices. It heightens competition within domestic product, capital, and labour markets, as well as among countries adopting different trade and investment strategies.

But how do these impacts net out? What are the positive and negative effects of globalization? The below is an edited transcript of a conversation with Gita Gopinath, Chief Economist of the International Monetary Fund (IMF).

Overall, what are the advantages of globalization?

The advantages of globalization are actually much like the advantages of technological improvement. They have very similar effects: they raise output in countries, raise productivity, create more jobs, raise wages, and lower prices of products in the world economy.

What might be the advantages of globalization that someone would feel in their day-to-day life?

I think something that's not sufficiently appreciated about, for instance, international trade is that it reduces the prices of goods that they consume. So if you look at day-to-day things that you purchase, in terms of washing machines, or cars, or even clothing, because of international trade we've had a decline in prices of these goods, so they have become far more affordable for a lot of people in the world.

How have the benefits played out in advanced economies versus poorer ones over the last three decades?

Both advanced economies and developing economies have benefited overall in terms of having higher productivity, more job creation, and higher wages. As we've always known, and this is true again with technology, there are always some winners and losers. So there are communities and there are workers who lose out when there is more trade integration. That is what we're seeing right now in terms of discontent with international trade.

Who have been the biggest losers?

The biggest losers from international trade are always those whose skills have a cheaper competitor in a different market. So, in the case of the US, it's been those who work in the manufacturing sector because jobs in the manufacturing sector have been outsourced to countries where labour is far cheaper.

On the other hand, in developing countries, more capital-intensive goods get imported more cheaply from the outside. So if you're a manufacturer of a capital-intensive good in a developing country you tend to lose because of that competition.

This is how it is with international trade: production goes to wherever it is most efficient to produce. So, when people in any country are exposed to this kind of competition, some win and some lose.

Is it possible as an economist to come up with a verdict? Has this wave of globalized trade been a net positive or a net negative?

If you say, I'm going to look at it from a measure of overall effect on a country's income, on its purchasing power, on the prices that its people pay, overall I think the evidence that we have all points to it being a net positive.

Now, if you frame the question as, has international trade been good for the manufacturing worker in the US? Then the answer to that would be “not fully”; it's been very costly in terms of jobs and wages for them.

How optimistic are you that this next wave of globalization offers a better future?

I would make a couple of points. First, the previous waves of globalization have been quite successful in lifting a large number of people out of poverty and so we should appreciate that.

The second thing is that any form of globalization will generate winners and losers. So even if you have the perfect, most optimal international trade agreements, there will always be those who lose out because of competition, in the exact same way that people lose out whenever there's a new technology being developed.

And so if we want to make sure that the next wave of globalization is even more successful, it has to be complemented with good, sound domestic policies that help those who are getting left out.

How optimistic are you that the trade war between the US and China will be swiftly resolved?

It's absolutely essential that it be resolved, and it gets resolved in a way that's long lasting. The world economy has lived with the uncertainty about trade tensions for a while now and if there is any solution and there is a sense that the solution is only transitory and something can again get triggered in the future, I think that's very costly.

I'd say I'm mildly optimistic because I think leaders in the world are recognizing that these trade tensions are having a negative effect on their economies and so it would make sense to sit down and resolve it.

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Globalization: What Globalization Is and Its Impact Essay

Primary source data, secondary source data, comparative analysis.

Bibliography

Globalization is a complex phenomenon that has a big influence on various fields of human life, including economics, society, and culture. Even though trade between countries has existed since time immemorial, in the 21st-century, globalization has become an integral part of the world’s development. While businesses try to expand on a global scale, and countries’ economies are intertwined in the international network, several outcomes occur out of this process. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and evaluate the impact of globalization on the world economy, whether it is good or bad. To achieve this goal, a comprehensive review of the relevant literature will be conducted. The information will be extracted from both primary and secondary sources. The primary sources will include an interview and a chart, while the secondary sources will consist of scholarly articles and books published from the year 2015 forward. The main argument of this research is that even though globalization offers endless business opportunities, it has a number of effects that negatively influence the resources and the economy.

First of all, in order to understand this phenomenon, it is important to define the term “globalization.” Several researchers have conducted a thorough study of this subject. For example, Martell describes globalization as “the intensification of worldwide social relations which link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles away” 1 . It is a complex and multidimensional mechanism that allows a local business subdivision to integrate into the global economic system. The biggest companies of the 21st century are no longer limited to one country; they have become more multinational: businesses from several countries exchange resources, money, data, and employees. Nowadays, international relations are becoming more intense not only in politics but in the economy as well. Moreover, globalization has a significant influence on the distribution of not only skilled and unskilled labor but of capital and labor as well, both locally and globally. The tendencies of this process were analyzed by experts, for example, in the research by Chandy and Seidel, where they presented globalization trends in the form of a chart (Figure 1).

The chart above demonstrates how the GDP of the U.S. was changing while the global population was also growing. The diagram includes the analysis of foreign capital stock, merchandise exports, and migrant stock. According to it, it becomes evident that even though the world GDP was high during the 1910s, the global economy is more integrated in the 21st century. However, the researchers also point out that the economy of the U.S. is a relatively closed economy, which is surprising. Nevertheless, the study states that “it accounts for only 11 percent of global trade volumes, which is far below its 24 percent share of global GDP” 2 . In addition, despite the attempts to find evidence of the recession of globalization, Chandy and Seidel did not manage to present any. It means that the trend keeps developing as money, goods, and people continue to move around the world.

It is evident that one cannot talk about globalization without mentioning international companies. Global corporations are defined by the fact that they execute business in at least two countries 3 . They conduct various types of economic activities, for example, foreign investment, managing plants in different countries to avoid transaction costs. An example of an international firm that obtains cost advantages through foreign investments in international plants is Apple Inc.

To understand how companies conduct business internationally, several types of multinational corporations must be indicated: economists usually divide them into four categories. The first type of firm is determined by the fact that it has a strong presence in its home country. Another category is characterized by acquiring cost advantage through the means of buying cheaper resources in other countries, despite being controlled by one central office. The third type is a company that is based on the Research and Development of the parent corporation. The fourth and final category is a transnational business, which includes all features that are peculiar to the corporations that were mentioned above 3 . Since global companies generally combine different approaches to business, sometimes it can be hard to distinguish between these four categories. Nestle S.A. may serve as an example of a big transnational corporation that conducts its financial operations in many countries outside of the headquarters.

Since globalization is a complicated phenomenon, many analysts and businessmen have different views on its impact. For instance, the former Director-General of the World Trade Organization, Pascal Lamy, expressed his point of view in the interview, “Can Europe Civilize Globalization?”. Despite the fact that the concerns about European civilization may recede due to this process, he states that he does not see globalization as a threat. Instead, he sees it as a reality that has to be dealt with in a professional way. Lamy explains his opinion by pointing out the fact that some European countries have managed to gain more benefits than others by means of global trade 4 . As examples, he presents Sweden and Germany, which, during the last decades of the 20th century, conducted structural reforms that allowed them to get profit from international trade.

Moreover, Lamy notes that globalization presents new challenges for businesses. They include promoting “more actively global norms in the environmental and job protection, health protection, than the reduction of trade barriers that have been now largely operated worldwide”4. In other words, the ex-director of WTO believes that this process can have a positive impact on Europe’s economy as it provides opportunities for countries to develop and grow their benefits.

As for other researchers, Burlacu, Gutu, and Matei overview both sides of globalization, pointing out positive and negative impacts. For example, the advantages include reducing the economic isolation of poor countries as they are given the opportunity to sell their goods on the global market and participate in the trade 5 . Moreover, as the economy expands, the information does it as well. It means that access to education becomes more easy and available, which increases the number of professionals who are capable of expanding and developing the business even further. In addition, according to the study, globalization “enhances the speed of commercial, financial, and technological operations”5. It can be seen even nowadays as new products and devices continue to appear on the market every year. Furthermore, globalization ensures the efficiency of the entire economic activity on a global scale.

Other researchers have also pointed out several positive aspects of this process. For example, Parente et al. talk about the sharing economy, which is a new phenomenon. Their study indicated that due to internet globalization, some companies managed to perform business online, which helped them to expand around the world and raise funds 6 . Therefore, globalization allowed firms to achieve worldwide success at an unprecedented pace. Furthermore, Martell et al. elaborated on reasons for how exactly the internalization changed economic activities. The reasons included “the speeding up of global interactions and processes as a result of the development of transport and communications”1. In other words, the spread of resources, ideas, capital, and products accelerated, which allowed businesses to develop quicker.

However, aside from positive results that can come from globalization, researchers also indicate some negative aspects to it. For instance, Burlacu et al. Note that harmful effects include an international security deficit and an increased amount of illegal migrations5. Globalization opened borders for a large number of people to move to other countries illegally. Moreover, it allowed corrupt businessmen to employ these migrants and make them work for a lesser wage, which is a violation of human rights. Moreover, economists believe that nowadays, the export of human resources has risen, which means that some countries have lost intellectual potential5. The other downsides include the deterioration of the environment, which is caused by the rapid growth of the economy.

While rethinking the effects of globalization, Broner and Ventura elaborated on the negative consequences that it can bring to domestic markets. The researchers gathered data from other scholars and concluded that “financial globalization, in addition to providing a new, cheaper source of funding for emerging markets, can have indirect effects by affecting the workings of domestic financial markets” 7 . For example, according to them, with the rise of globalization, the incidence of domestic financial crises also grows. In addition, Mamedov et al. discusses the impact on traditional economies, which, according to the study, will reach a new level of their development 8 . It is difficult to say whether such changes are positive or not since some people may be reluctant to abandon the old economic structures.

As it can be observed, primary sources and secondary sources seem to express various opinions about globalization. First and foremost, most of them seem to agree that this phenomenon is relatively new and only recently began to spread. However, then the standpoints start to differ among experts. While the interview with Lamy demonstrates that the former leader of the World Trade Organization seems optimistic about it, such secondary sources as scholarly articles and books differentiate in positions.

Some researchers identify the internalization of the economy as a beneficial process that can create new opportunities for countries to develop and expand their businesses. However, other studies make a link between globalization and several other problems, such as environmental deterioration, security issues, and the increasing number of domestic crises. The last factor is especially interesting since it contradicts the general assumption that increased international trade opportunities can improve the country’s welfare.

Moreover, the recent events that were caused by the outbreak of coronavirus exposed vulnerabilities in the current globalized economy. Since traveling is restricted, the transportation of resources has become difficult. While big international corporations managed to stay afloat, some local firms were forced to shut down, and the suspension of one company factory can lead to a closing of another. Experts argue that such an intertwined international economic relationship is what caused changes in a global supply chain, and overall, stock declines 9 . The current situation provided proof that globalization may not be that good for the world economy.

While the system offers opportunities for businesses to grow, it also has some loopholes and weak points that seriously damage the economy of not only one country but of the whole world. Moreover, the situation with the pandemic supports the argument made by Broner and Ventura. The outbreak caused domestic market crises in Asian countries, and then in Europe and America, which significantly affected the global economy. Even the help of Widespread Disease Emergency Financing Facility 10 would not be enough to restore all financial damage. As the recession of the international market became apparent, businesses in other countries have also suffered.

In addition, the environmental aspect of globalization is also important since it affects the increasing deficiency of natural resources. While companies are trying to expand their business everywhere, new factories and new plants are built around the world. While new products and new technology continue to appear on the market and the demand grows, more damage is inflicted upon the environment by the constant production.

Moreover, the higher need for transportation means that more fossil fuels are used, causing harm to the climate. There is no doubt that such issues can be resolved with the creation of new technology. However, the process of development is complicated and expensive, which can lead to additional expenditures. It can cause more federal budget deficits and increased government debt; therefore, the economy is also negatively affected by environmental issues of globalization.

For this reason, it can be said that despite all the positive aspects of globalization, it definitely has several downsides. Internationalization brought not only different cultures but the economies of various countries together, allowing businesses to grow and reach financial benefits. Furthermore, it opened opportunities for people to find jobs and expand their profit. Nevertheless, the current system is vulnerable during difficult situations, and if there is a crisis in one country, it tends to spread to others like dominoes, because the economies are deeply connected. Moreover, globalization also causes harm to other fields of human life, which are can also negatively influence not only the financial state of a particular country but the economy of the world as well.

It is evident that more research needs to be conducted as the process of globalization is complex and ongoing. There are several topics that can be further explored while studying the impact of globalization on the world’s economy. For example, one can investigate the methods that can be implemented to minimize the negative consequences of globalization that were described earlier in this paper. In order to obtain the information, one can look through the suggestions of other researchers, analyze them, and select the ones that seem the most effective.

Moreover, as the current situation with the outbreak has a major impact on the international economy, it would be interesting to study the experts’ opinions on how it will affect globalization. A huge amount of relevant information can be gathered from recent interviews, news, and scholarly articles. In conclusion, it would appear that the topic of globalization and its influence is broad and can provide a good starting point for further discussion and analysis.

Chandy, Laurence, and Brina Seidel. “Donald Trump and the future of globalization.” The Brookings Institution , 2016. Web.

Broner, Fernando, and Jaume Ventura. “Rethinking the Effects of Financial Globalization.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 131, no. 3 (2016): 1497-1542.

Burlacu, Sorin, Corneliu Gutu, and Florin Octavian Matei. “Globalization – Pros and Cons.” Calitatea 19, no. S1 (2018): 122-125.

Lamy, Pascal. “Interview. Can Europe Civilize Globalization?”, The Federalist Debate 28, no. 1 (2015): 60-63.

Mamedov, Oktay, Irina Movchan, Oksana Ishchenko-Padukova, and Monika Grabowska. “Traditional Economy: Innovations, Efficiency and Globalization.” Economics & Sociology 9, no. 2 (2016): 61.

Martell, Luke. The Sociology of Globalization . John Wiley & Sons, 2016.

Parente, Ronaldo C., José-Mauricio G. Geleilate, and Ke Rong. “The Sharing Economy Globalization Phenomenon: A Research Agenda.” Journal of International Management 24, no. 1 (2018): 52-64.

• Sułkowski, Łukasz. “Covid-19 Pandemic; Recession, Virtual Revolution Leading to De-globalization?”, Journal of Intercultural Management 12, no. 1 (2020): 1-11.
• Luke Martell. The Sociology of Globalization (John Wiley & Sons, 2016), 10.
• Laurence Chandy and Brina Seidel. “Donald Trump and the future of globalization.” The Brookings Institution , 2016.
• Lecture on Multinational Corporation (MNC)
• Pascal Lamy. “Interview. Can Europe Civilize Globalization?”, The Federalist Debate 28, no. 1 (2015): 60.
• Burlacu, Sorin, Corneliu Gutu, and Florin Octavian Matei. “Globalization – Pros and Cons.” Calitatea 19, no. S1 (2018): 124.
• Parente, Ronaldo C., José-Mauricio G. Geleilate, and Ke Rong. “The Sharing Economy Globalization Phenomenon: A Research Agenda.” Journal of International Management 24, no. 1 (2018): 53.
• Broner, Fernando, and Jaume Ventura. “Rethinking the Effects of Financial Globalization.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 131, no. 3 (2016): 1533.
• Mamedov, Oktay, Irina Movchan, Oksana Ishchenko-Padukova, and Monika Grabowska. “Traditional Economy: Innovations, Efficiency, and Globalization.” Economics & Sociology 9, no. 2 (2016): 61.
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IvyPanda. (2022, February 16). Globalization: What Globalization Is and Its Impact. https://ivypanda.com/essays/globalization-what-globalization-is-and-its-impact/

"Globalization: What Globalization Is and Its Impact." IvyPanda , 16 Feb. 2022, ivypanda.com/essays/globalization-what-globalization-is-and-its-impact/.

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Pros and cons of economic, social and political globalization: is globalization overall positive for our societies?

Historically, globalization has been considered both a great opportunity and a threat. Globalization is a multifaceted phenomenon which entails several economic, cultural, and political pros and cons. Discover here the implications and arguments for and against globalization.

Brief history of globalization

Globalization is a process of growing exchange, interaction and integration between people, governments and private organizations across the globe. International trade, capital flows, migration , technological transfer and cultural exchanges are some of the typical manifestations of this process. The encounters and relationships between ancient civilizations and the colonization processes initiated during the Age of Discoveries were archaic and early-modern forms of globalization. During the 19th century technological progress and the Industrial Revolution catalyzed globalization. The political and economic international agreements after the Second World War accelerated this process even further. However, this term really became paramount in the academic literature and media after the fall of the Iron Curtain and the Soviet Union which enabled a much more fluid communications, exchanges of goods and services and migration .

For years globalization was equated with progress and economic growth and generally supported. However, in the last few years an increasing number of voices have started to criticize this phenomenon and point at several flaws and dangers associated with it. The anti-globalization movement has grown. Not only left-wing  anti-capitalists oppose globalization, but conservative nationalists have recently emerged as a strong force against it. To what extent is globalization to blame for problems such as national unemployment , inequality, terrorism and cultural homogenization?

Globalization pros and cons

Globalization  is such a complex phenomenon that here we are going to dissect its pros and cons across three different dimensions or angles: economic, cultural and political

Economic globalization 

Economic globalization echoes the views of neoliberal and neoclassicist thinkers in which states lose prominence and the world becomes a single global market of individual consumers. These consumers are characterized by their material and economic self-interest – rather than cultural, civic or other forms of identity. The expansion and dominance of global companies and brands is another key feature. These corporations contribute to deepen global interconnectedness not only by uniformly shaping consumption patterns across societies, but by binding economies together through complex supply chains, trade networks , flows of capital and manpower. 

Pros of economic globalization: 

• Cheaper prices for products and services (more optimized supply chains)
• Better availability of products and services
• Easier access to capital and commodities
• Increased competition
• Producers and retailers can diversify their markets and contribute to economic growth

Cons of economic globalization:

• Some countries struggle to compete
• Extractive behavior of some foreign companies and investors  in resource-rich countries preventing economic diversification
• Strong bargaining power of multinational companies vis-à-vis local governments
• “Contagion effect” is more likely in times of crises
• Problems of “ social dumping ”

Cultural globalization

It refers to the process of transmission of values, ideas, cultural and artistic expressions. In the era of the Internet and fast communications people can interact more easily with each other. Multiculturalism and cosmopolitanism are to some extent manifestations of cultural globalization. Communities are less insulated than ever in history, even those who cannot travel can have today a good understanding of other cultures and meet virtually people from other parts of the world. People change their views and lifestyle influenced by global cultural and consumption trends.

Pros of cultural  globalization:

• Access to new cultural products (art, entertainment, education) 
• Better understanding of foreign values and attitudes. Less stereotyping and fewer misconceptions about other people and cultures
• Instant access to information from anywhere in the world
• Capacity to communicate and defend one’s values and ideals globally
• Customisation or adaptation of global cultural trends to local environment (“mestisage”)

Cons of cultural globalization:

• Spread of commodity-based consumer culture    
• Dangers of cultural homogenization
• Westernization, cultural imperialism or cultural colonialism
• Some small cultures may lose their distinct features
• Dangerous or violent ideals can also spread faster (note the international character of the terror group IS)

Political globalization 

The political dimension is a newer feature of the globalization debate, as over the last 30 years there has been a rise in the influence and power of international and regional institutions such as the European Union (EU), Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the United Nations (UN), the World Trade Organization (WTO), MERCOSUR in South America, and the Association for Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). These international and supranational actors increasingly shape domestic politics.

Pros of political globalization:

• Access to international aid and financial support
• It contributes to world peace . It reduces risk of invasions, more checks on big powers and limitationn on nationalism
• International organizations are often committed to spread values like freedom and to fight abuses within countries
• Smaller countries can work together and gain more influence internationally
• Governments can learn from each other

Cons of political globalization:

• State sovereignty is reduced
• The functioning of international and supranational organizations is often not “democratic” in terms of representation and accountability
• Big countries can shape decisions in supranational organizations
• Sometimes countries can veto decisions and slow down decision making processes
• Coordination is difficult and expensive

To summarize, no matter from which angle we look at globalization, whether economic, cultural or political, both the opportunities and drawbacks are numerous.

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World History Project - Origins to the Present

Course: world history project - origins to the present   >   unit 7, read: introduction to globalization.

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First read: preview and skimming for gist

Second read: key ideas and understanding content.

• What late twentieth-century trends, according to the author, led people to create the term “globalization”?
• What are some historical trends that accelerated globalization before the late twentieth century?
• What are some impacts of globalization in terms of migration and economics?
• What are some positive impacts of globalization, according to the author?
• What are some negative impacts of globalization, according to the author?

Third read: evaluating and corroborating

• What does globalization look like from your perspective? How does it affect your family and community? Do you think it has been a good thing for you? Why or why not?
• Globalization looks very differently studied through each of the three course frames. Pick one of the three course frames and describe the effects of globalization on your home town or neighborhood using only that frame narrative. How would your results have been different if you had chosen a different frame?

Introduction to Globalization

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Home — Essay Samples — Sociology — Globalization

Essays on Globalization

Hook examples for globalization essays, "the global village" metaphor hook.

"In the age of globalization, our world has transformed into a 'global village.' Explore the implications of this metaphor and how it has reshaped our understanding of interconnectedness and cultural exchange."

The Impact of Digital Connectivity Hook

"In an era where a single tweet can reach millions, digital connectivity has revolutionized globalization. Delve into the profound impact of the internet, social media, and technology on global interactions."

The Paradox of Local vs. Global Hook

"Globalization blurs the lines between local and global identities. Analyze the paradox of preserving cultural heritage while embracing the globalized world and how this tension shapes our societies."

The Global Marketplace Hook

"Globalization has ushered in an era of unprecedented trade and economic interconnectedness. Explore the dynamics of the global marketplace, from multinational corporations to supply chains spanning continents."

Cultural Fusion and Identity Hook

"Globalization has led to a melting pot of cultures, but what happens to cultural identities in the process? Investigate how globalization impacts the preservation and evolution of cultural identities."

The Challenges of Globalization Hook

"While globalization offers numerous benefits, it also presents challenges. Examine issues such as income inequality, cultural homogenization, and environmental concerns that arise in a globalized world."

The Future of Globalization Hook

"As we stand on the brink of a globalized future, what can we expect? Join me in exploring the potential trajectories of globalization, from its impact on politics to the role of emerging technologies."

The Best Globalization Essay Topics

• The Impact of Globalization on Local Cultures: Integration or Erasure?
• The Impact of Globalization on Cultural Identity in Anthropological Studies
• Globalization and Economic Inequality: Bridging the Gap Between Rich and Poor
• The Role of Technology in Advancing Globalization and Its Social Implications
• Environmental Consequences of Globalization: Challenges and Sustainable Solutions
• Analyzing the Advantages and Disadvantages of Globalization
• The Influence of Globalization on Education and Cross-Cultural Exchanges
• Global Political Dynamics: How Globalization Affects Sovereignty and Governance
• Globalization and Health: The Spread of Diseases and Global Health Initiatives
• Consumer Culture and Globalization: The Homogenization of Global Markets

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Good and Bad Impact of Globalization

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Globalization's Theories and Effects in The Modern World

The effects of globalization on health and medicine, a study on globalization and its various sides, overview of five articles about globalization, globalization: two sides of the arguments both for and against, globalization and its positive and negative sides for india, the advantages and disadvantages of the globalization process based on real-life examples, criticism and controversial benefits of globalization, globalization: importance of english nowadays, the impact of globalization, nationalism and protectionism on india, an overview of the overall impact of globalization, research of effects of globalization on the media in the world, globalisation as an economical, political and cultural process, pro globalist and anti globalist view from developed country perspective, how global issues impact individual states, electronic commerce in the globalization era, the effect of globalization and americanization on mass media, components of globalization: concept sociocultural and social globalizations, how the impact of globalization on illicit drug trafficking has affected international security, discussion of whether globalization is good or bad for the indian economy.

1. Halliday, T. C., & Osinsky, P. (2006). Globalization of law. Annu. Rev. Sociol., 32, 447-470. (https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.soc.32.061604.123136) 2. Fischer, S. (2003). Globalization and its challenges. American Economic Review, 93(2), 1-30. (https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/000282803321946750) 3. Lang, M. (2006). Globalization and its history. The Journal of Modern History, 78(4), 899-931. (https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/511251?journalCode=jmh) 4. Spring, J. (2008). Research on globalization and education. Review of educational research, 78(2), 330-363. (https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.3102/0034654308317846?journalCode=rera) 5. Scott, A., & Storper, M. (2003). Regions, globalization, development. Regional studies, 37(6-7), 579-593. (https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0034340032000108697a) 6. Jameson, F. (1998). Notes on globalization as a philosophical issue. In The cultures of globalization (pp. 54-78). Duke University Press. (https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9780822378426-005/html?lang=de) 7. Frankel, J. A. (2003). The environment and globalization. (https://www.nber.org/papers/w10090) 8. Teeple, G. (2000). What is globalization?. Globalization and its discontents, 9-23. (https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057/9780333981610_2)

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Pros and Cons of Globalization

Trade has been the driving force of the global economy and interaction of communities since ancient times. With the technological advancement and evolution of society, international commerce is heightened. Currently, one can order goods from abroad and receive them anywhere around the world. The interconnectivity of the countries results from increased globalization, which raises controversy. Some view it as a setback, while others praise the phenomenon for reduced prices of commodities (World Economic Forum, 2019). Nonetheless, globalization has both benefits and downsides, with the advantages outweighing the disadvantages.

Globalization allows goods and services to be available to most people at low prices. The proponents of the concepts support it due to the affordability of commodities. Even people from impoverished nations have a chance to buy items. Additionally, international trade creates millions of jobs, which lift people out of poverty. Globalization allows businesses to invest in the capital-scare nation leading to the creation of employment for the locals (World Economic Forum, 2019). Typically, the developing countries that are rich with labor gain from the concept.

On the contrary, the freedom of conducting business across borders comes with myriad setbacks. For instance, in the developed nations such as America, the citizens experience competition for jobs, especially in the manufacturing industries. Citizens from developing countries offer cheap labor, and any business tends to choose less expensive services to maximize profits. Similarly, the developing nations experience stiff competition from developed countries that produce more affordable goods (World Economic Forum, 2019). Hence, most people tend to buy foreign items leading to losses for the domestic producers.

Overall, the advantages of globalization outweigh the disadvantages. Even though there is still a significant economic disparity among countries, the concept has enhanced the rapid developments of the impoverished nations by creating jobs and availing goods and services at affordable prices. For the few setbacks, it is upon the individual countries to enact domestic policies shielding their industries and workers from foreign competition.

World Economic Forum. (2019). An economist explains the pros and cons of globalization [Facebook video]. Web.

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IELTS Essay, topic: The advantages and disadvantages of globalization

• IELTS Essays - Band 8

Even though globalization affects the world’s economies in a very positive way, its negative side should not be forgotten. Discuss.

Globalization is such a commonly used term in the century. It simply means that the world has become integrated economically, socially, politically and culturally through the advances of technology, transportation and communication. It is undeniable that globalization has resulted in both positive and negative effects which must be addressed accordingly.

Secondly, several companies from the more developed countries have already ventured to establish foreign operations or branches to take advantage of the low cost of labor in the poorer countries. This kind of business activity will provide more influx of cash or investment funds into the less developed countries.

However, one cannot deny the negative effects which derived from globalization. One crucial social aspect is the risk and danger of epidemic diseases which can easily be spread as the transportation becomes easier and faster in today’s advanced society. This is evidenced in the recent birds flu disease which has infected most Asian countries over a short period of time.

As large corporations invest or take over many offshore businesses, a modern form of colonization will also evolve which may pose certain power pressure on the local governments of the less developed countries. Unemployment rates in the more developed regions such as Europe may also escalate as corporations choose to outsource to the cheaper work force from Asian countries.

In conclusion. to reiterate that globalization is inevitable and we must urge individuals, companies and governments to use a more balanced approach by taking the appropriate steps to deal with matters relating to the financial or economical gains verses the social, political or ecological concerns of the world.

This essay is too long, 318 words instead of 250-265. Otherwise (except for some minor grammatical errors) it is a very nice work. It covers the task, has the right structure, the paragraphs are coherent and are logically connected by elegantly used linking words, the structure of sentences is fine and so is your vocabulary. Seems worthy of Band 7.5 or 8.

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Pros and Cons of Globalization CSS ESSAY 2021

Table of Contents

Thesis Statement

Globalization has brought numerous advantages and disadvantages to the world, impacting various aspects of society, economy, and culture. In this This essay we will explore the pros and cons of globalization, highlighting its benefits in terms of economic growth, technological advancements, and cultural exchange, while also discussing its challenges related to inequality, cultural homogenization, and environmental concerns.

Introduction

Globalization has become a defining feature of the modern world, shaping various aspects of society, economy, and culture. As nations have become more interconnected and interdependent, it is important to examine the pros and cons of this phenomenon. While globalization has brought numerous benefits such as economic growth, technological advancements, and cultural exchange, it has also presented challenges including inequality, cultural homogenization, and environmental concerns. This essay will explore these pros and cons, shedding light on the complexities of globalization.

Exposition: Understanding Globalization

Globalization can be defined as the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of nations in various aspects, including trade, communication, and technology. It has its roots in historical developments such as the expansion of trade routes and colonialism. However, it has gained momentum in recent decades due to advancements in transportation, communication, and the liberalization of trade policies. Globalization has enabled the flow of goods, services, capital, and information across borders, leading to increased global integration.

Pros of Globalization

Economic growth and development.

One of the key advantages of globalization is the potential for economic growth and development. Increased trade and investment opportunities have opened up new markets and expanded access to consumers worldwide. Businesses can now reach customers in different countries, leading to job creation, enhanced productivity, and overall economic prosperity. Globalization has also facilitated the transfer of technology and knowledge, fueling innovation and economic progress.

Technological Advancements

Globalization has accelerated the dissemination of information and knowledge through advancements in technology. The rapid exchange of ideas and expertise has led to breakthroughs in various fields, driving technological advancements. Innovations in areas such as communication, transportation, and medicine have transformed industries and improved the quality of life. Global collaboration and knowledge sharing have become easier, fostering scientific and technological progress.

Cultural Exchange and Diversity

The interconnectedness brought about by globalization has facilitated cultural exchange and diversity. People have greater exposure to diverse cultures, ideas, and perspectives from around the world. This exposure enriches societies by promoting cross-cultural understanding, tolerance, and appreciation. The exchange of artistic, literary, and culinary traditions has broadened cultural horizons, fostering a global tapestry of diversity and creativity.

Cons of Globalization

Economic inequality.

Despite the potential for economic growth, globalization has also led to increased economic inequality. The benefits of globalization are not evenly distributed, and wealth and resources tend to concentrate in the hands of a few. Developing countries often face challenges in competing with more developed nations, leading to disparities in wealth and living standards. Additionally, the exploitation of cheap labor in some parts of the world has raised concerns about fair trade practices and workers’ rights.

Cultural Homogenization

The dominance of Western cultural values and consumerism is a significant challenge posed by globalization. As global markets expand, there is a tendency for cultural homogenization, where local traditions and identities are marginalized or eroded. The influence of Western media, fashion, and entertainment can overshadow indigenous cultures, leading to the loss of cultural diversity. Preserving and promoting local traditions and languages becomes crucial in maintaining cultural richness and identity.

Environmental Concerns

Globalization has also raised environmental concerns. The increased movement of goods and people has resulted in higher carbon emissions and an ecological footprint. The overexploitation of natural resources to meet global demand poses threats to biodiversity and ecosystems. Environmental challenges, such as climate change and deforestation, require international cooperation and sustainable practices to mitigate their impact.

Addressing the Challenges

To manage the challenges of globalization, various strategies can be employed.

Economic Reforms and Redistribution

Implementing fair trade practices, ensuring workers’ rights, and promoting inclusive economic policies are essential in reducing economic inequality. Progressive taxation can help redistribute wealth and address disparities in income distribution.

Preserving Cultural Diversity

Supporting local arts, traditions, and languages is crucial in preserving cultural diversity. Governments and communities can take measures to protect and promote their cultural heritage, fostering intercultural dialogue and understanding.

Sustainable Development and Environmental Stewardship

Investing in renewable energy, adopting sustainable production and consumption practices, and strengthening international agreements on climate change and environmental protection are necessary steps in addressing environmental concerns. Global cooperation is vital in tackling shared environmental challenges.

Case Studies and Examples

Numerous case studies demonstrate both the positive impacts and negative consequences of globalization. For instance, countries like China and India have experienced remarkable economic growth and poverty reduction as a result of globalization. On the other hand, social unrest and environmental degradation have been observed in some regions due to unsustainable development practices.

Globalization is a multifaceted phenomenon with both benefits and challenges. While it has contributed to economic growth, technological advancements, and cultural exchange, it has also raised concerns regarding inequality, cultural homogenization, and environmental sustainability. Addressing these challenges requires a balanced approach that maximizes the benefits of globalization while mitigating its negative impacts. By promoting inclusive economic policies, preserving cultural diversity, and embracing sustainable practices, societies can navigate the complexities of globalization and create a more equitable and sustainable world.

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The pros and cons of globalization.

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A story in the Washington Post said “20 years ago globalization was pitched as a strategy that would raise all boats in poor and rich countries alike. In the U.S. and Europe consumers would have their pick of inexpensive items made by people thousands of miles away whose pay was much lower than theirs. And in time trade barriers would drop to support even more multinationals expansion and economic gains while geo political cooperation would flourish.”

There is no question that globalization has been a good thing for many developing countries who now have access to our markets and can export cheap goods. Globalization has also been good for Multi-national corporations and Wall Street. But globalization has not been good for working people (blue or white collar) and has led to the continuing deindustrialization of America.

Globalization is a complicated issue. It is necessary to evaluate the pros and cons before drawing any conclusions.

Supporters of globalization argue that it has the potential to make this world a better place to live in and solve some of the deep-seated problems like unemployment and poverty.

1. Free trade is supposed to reduce barriers such as tariffs, value added taxes, subsidies, and other barriers between nations. This is not true. There are still many barriers to free trade. The Washington Post story says “the problem is that the big G20 countries added more than 1,200 restrictive export and import measures since 2008

2. The proponents say globalization represents free trade which promotes global economic growth; creates jobs, makes companies more competitive, and lowers prices for consumers.

3. Competition between countries is supposed to drive prices down. In many cases this is not working because countries manipulate their currency to get a price advantage.

4. It also provides poor countries, through infusions of foreign capital and technology, with the chance to develop economically and by spreading prosperity, creates the conditions in which democracy and respect for human rights may flourish. This is an ethereal goal which hasn’t been achieved in most countries

5. According to supporters globalization and democracy should go hand in hand. It should be pure business with no colonialist designs.

6. There is now a worldwide market for companies and consumers who have access to products of different countries. True

7. Gradually there is a world power that is being created instead of compartmentalized power sectors. Politics is merging and decisions that are being taken are actually beneficial for people all over the world. This is simply a romanticized view of what is actually happening. True

8. There is more influx of information between two countries, which do not have anything in common between them. True

9. There is cultural intermingling and each country is learning more about other cultures. True

10. Since we share financial interests, corporations and governments are trying to sort out ecological problems for each other. – True, they are talking more than trying.

11. Socially we have become more open and tolerant towards each other and people who live in the other part of the world are not considered aliens. True in many cases.

12. Most people see speedy travel, mass communications and quick dissemination of information through the Internet as benefits of globalization. True

13. Labor can move from country to country to market their skills. True, but this can cause problems with the existing labor and downward pressure on wages.

14. Sharing technology with developing nations will help them progress. True for small countries but stealing our technologies and IP have become a big problem with our larger competitors like China.

15. Transnational companies investing in installing plants in other countries provide employment for the people in those countries often getting them out of poverty. True

16. Globalization has given countries the ability to agree to free trade agreements like NAFTA, South Korea Korus, and The TPP. True but these agreements have cost the U.S. many jobs and always increase our trade deficit

• The general complaint about globalization is that it has made the rich richer while making the non-rich poorer. “It is wonderful for managers, owners and investors, but hell on workers and nature.”

• Globalization is supposed to be about free trade where all barriers are eliminated but there are still many barriers. For instance161 countries have value added taxes (VATs) on imports which are as high as 21.6% in Europe. The U.S. does not have VAT.

• The biggest problem for developed countries is that jobs are lost and transferred to lower cost countries.” According to conservative estimates by Robert Scott of the Economic Policy Institute, granting China most favored nation status drained away 3.2 million jobs, including 2.4 million manufacturing jobs. He pegs the net losses due to our trade deficit with Japan ($78.3 billion in 2013) at 896,000 jobs, as well as an additional 682,900 jobs from the Mexico –U.S. trade-deficit run-up from 1994 through 2010.”

• Workers in developed countries like the US face pay-cut demands from employers who threaten to export jobs. This has created a culture of fear for many middle class workers who have little leverage in this global game

• Large multi-national corporations have the ability to exploit tax havens in other countries to avoid paying taxes.

• Multinational corporations are accused of social injustice, unfair working conditions (including slave labor wages, living and working conditions), as well as lack of concern for environment, mismanagement of natural resources, and ecological damage.

• Multinational corporations, which were previously restricted to commercial activities, are increasingly influencing political decisions. Many think there is a threat of corporations ruling the world because they are gaining power, due to globalization.

• Building products overseas in countries like China puts our technologies at risk of being copied or stolen, which is in fact happening rapidly

• The anti-globalists also claim that globalization is not working for the majority of the world. “During the most recent period of rapid growth in global trade and investment, 1960 to 1998, inequality worsened both internationally and within countries. The UN Development Program reports that the richest 20 percent of the world's population consume 86 percent of the world's resources while the poorest 80 percent consume just 14 percent. “

• Some experts think that globalization is also leading to the incursion of communicable diseases. Deadly diseases like HIV/AIDS are being spread by travelers to the remotest corners of the globe.

• Globalization has led to exploitation of labor. Prisoners and child workers are used to work in inhumane conditions. Safety standards are ignored to produce cheap goods. There is also an increase in human trafficking.

• Social welfare schemes or “safety nets” are under great pressure in developed countries because of deficits, job losses, and other economic ramifications of globalization.

Globalization is an economic tsunami that is sweeping the planet. We can’t stop it but there are many things we can do to slow it down and make it more equitable.

What is missing?

Leadership – We need politicians who are willing to confront the cheaters. One of our biggest problems is that 7 of our trading partners manipulate their currencies to gain unfair price advantage which increases their exports and decreases their imports. This is illegal under WTO rules so there is a sound legal basis to put some kind of tax on their exports until they quit cheating.

Balanced Trade – Most of our trading partners can balance their trade budgets and even run a surplus. We have not made any effort to balance our trade budget and have run a deficit for more than 30 years resulting in an $11 trillion deficit. The trade deficit is the single biggest job killer in our economy, particularly manufacturing jobs. We need the government to develop a plan to begin to balance our trade deficit even though this is not a political priority in either party.

Trade Agreements – Both the NAFTA and the South Korean Korus trade agreements might have been good for Wall Street and the multi-national corporations but they eliminated jobs in America and expanded our trade deficit. The upcoming Trans Pacific Trade Agreement will do the same thing and Congress should not fast track this bad agreement for a dozen reasons.

Enforcing the rules – China ignores trade rules and WTO laws with reckless abandon. Besides currency manipulation they subsidize their state owned companies to target our markets, and provide funding to their state owned companies that dump their products in America. They also steal our technologies, sell counterfeit versions of our products, and impose tariffs and other barriers anytime they want - as we do nothing to stop them. China does not deserve to be on our most favored nation list and we need to tax their exports to us until they stop these illegal activities.

What is good for third world countries, like Kenya, or countries with tremendous growth, like China, has not been good for American workers. Globalization is deindustrializing America as we continue to outsource both manufacturing blue collar and white collar jobs. Supporters of globalization have made the case that it is good because it has brought low priced imported goods, but they have not matched the decline of wages in the middle class and will not offset the loss of many family wage jobs

Globalization is like being overwhelmed by a snow avalanche. You can’t stop it – you can only swim in the snow and hope to stay on top. I would like to make the argument that the US should try a lot harder to swim in the snow and stay on top. We can’t stop globalization but there are many policies and strategies we can use to make it more equitable. We can enforce the trade laws, force the competition to play by the same rules, and stop giving our competitors the tools (technology and R& D) to ultimately win the global war.

Mike Collins is the author of Saving American Manufacturing. His website is www.mpcmgt.com.

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Effects of globalisation

Globalisation essay- sample, essay samples to readout, evaluating the pros and cons of globalisation essay.

Coined in the latter part of the 1980s, Globalisation as a term was introduced by Theodore Levitt. The term has since then revolutionised the global business environment. With this term, people around the world have been able to do business with each other. Moreover, the global business scenario's implication has brought in various opportunities for the world's people. It has increased the exchange of goods and services in the global environment. This has more importantly boosted the ease in communication between the different worlds, cultures, and societies. Not to forget, Corporate Social Responsibility is yet another advantage of globalisation, which has helped companies realise their duty towards the environment. 

Globalisation, in simple terms, can be defined as the process which has enabled the easy and fast movement of goods and services across the globe. It also includes the exchange of talent, technology, capital, and cultural practices across the borders.

Globalisation is one of the major developments that the world has witnessed in recent decades. It has not only uplifted the living standards of the people but has also brought in numerous opportunities for them. Also, there is a list of major factors affecting international business , mostly due to globalisation. However, here is a list of effects globalisation has made on the world and its economies:

Increased job opportunities: The exchange of human resources overseas has given wings to the job options. People now travel from less developed to developing or developed countries in pursuit of better jobs. Moreover, the remunerations paid to the talents are also at par and enjoyed by the employees.

Improved financial conditions: Globalisation has impacted greatly on the finances of individuals and families across the globe. With better jobs and business growth in hand, people have got the opportunity to flourish their financial conditions. People from developing countries have gained momentum in terms of better lifestyles and spending capabilities.

Multiplying business growths:  The blooming cycle of good jobs, high pay scale, upscale lifestyles, higher spendings has given a boost to the business industry as well. The business class in the countries has also experienced a greater chance of establishment and growth. In fact, many new business ventures have been incorporated in recent years. This is much because of the enhanced opportunities created due to the concept of globalisation. When people see better opportunities in the world around them, they feel safe investing their money. These finances then help them flourish in the future, which further leads to a much bigger and influential cycle of advancement and interdependency.

Higher quality of life: With all these changes happening simultaneously, the world's people now witness a comparatively better quality of life. This covers the varied aspects of human development and safety. In fact, education, hospitality, medicine, civil services all these sectors have seen a considerable upward shift in their service quality.

Increased competition levels: With globalisation, the world has become a single stage, where the best talents are indulging in healthy competition with each other. This leads to not only improved quality of work but greater enthusiasm in people to perform even better. These positive changes lead to the evolution of a more efficient and competent world.

International standards of work: With the incorporation of the MNC culture into practise, better working norms have been introduced in countries across the globe. No more workers are being treated as labourers and the office jobs are now much refined and respected in society. Also, people now see it as a mode of earning name and fame in their career. Being associated with top brands or multinational companies is now believed to be a matter of honor. All of this has boosted the confidence level of the people and has even made people love their professional life.

Pros and Cons of Globalisation in a developing country

1. enhancement of trade opportunities.

This is one of the biggest pros of globalization. It has brought immense enhancement in global trade opportunities. Now, people are not only limited to selling and purchasing goods from the local market. They have huge access to foreign brands, products, and services available to them right within their countries. Not only this, business organizations can export their goods to foreign markets and enjoy access to bigger markets. Further, globalization has also provided people with access to goods at lower prices. For example, Chinese electronics are generally cheaper and China exports them to different countries where people get to buy them at lower prices. This way, developing countries have got the opportunity to export their products to international markets.

2. Globalization has increased employment opportunities

In developing countries: To help their people rise from poverty, developing countries need to create employment opportunities for them. Globalization is playing an important role in helping developing countries with this purpose. This is because, with globalization, MNCs have entered the markets in developing countries. They employ labour for construction and hire their employees from the respective developing countries. This way, they create multifarious employment opportunities in developing countries.

3. Globalization provides access to foreign cultures

Different regions of the globe have different cultures associated with them. Their culture inspires their way of living, eating practices, their art forms, and everything else. So, people living in different regions follow different cultural practices. For example, ‘Namaste’ is an important cultural practice followed in India for greeting purposes. Whereas, in countries like the United States, people greet each other with a firm handshake. But, as globalization is spreading its wings, people of different regions are getting to know about different regions' cultures. This awareness introduces them to new practices related to things such as food, clothing, and artwork. As a result, they get to try new things while living in their native place only.

4. Globalization gives rise to global technological advancements

Globalization is giving rise to global technological advancements. If some new technology gets developed in a particular region or country of the world, it no longer stays limited there only. Due to the expansion of trade, it travels to other regions of the world soon, and different countries adopt it. For example, Mobile banking is slowly spreading its wings in different countries of the world. As a result, developing countries are getting equal access to technology advancements as the developed ones.

5. Globalization has promoted the global hiring of talented individuals

Globalization has provided new horizons concerning the recruitment of talented individuals. Companies are now hiring not only individuals from the same countries but also internationally. They don’t mind whether the individual is from a developing country or a developed one; all they need is talent. Thus, globalization has promoted the global hiring of talented individuals.

1. Globalization is posing a threat to cultural diversity

As discussed above, with globalization, people of different cultures are getting access to foreign cultures. They are learning about the cultural practices followed by different cultures and also adapting to the ones which they like. For example, Indians have started wearing more of western clothes over time. But, such adaptation of practices between cultures is posing a threat to local native cultures. The prevalence of new practices may make people forget their old cultural practices with the passage of time. As a result, cultural homogeneity may take place which may rob countries of their respective vintage cultures.

2. Globalization has increased the environmental threats

The environment is already in danger. Pollution, Global Warming, unpredictable climate change , Ozone Layer Depletion are examples of environmental problems that the world is currently going through. In response to this, several countries of the world have formed strict environmental laws. Thus, to operate in such countries, business organizations have to abide by the respective environmental laws. This usually makes business organizations bear some extra costs and also requires them to follow sustainable practices which require more time and effort. As a result, they prefer to set themselves up in places where there are no strict environmental laws. So, they continue to operate in a way, which poses a continuous threat to the environment. This way, globalization has increased the environmental threats

3. Globalization has brought a rise in corruption

This is one of the biggest cons of globalization. It has brought a rise in cases of corruption. According to Henley Business School's research, 85% of the managers have admitted that they had to resort to some bribery when doing business with developing countries in general. Further, after engaging in corruption for once, it gets easier for business organizations to engage in such practices in the future. Thus, we can say that globalization is making corruption spread among different countries.

4. Globalization has increased the threat of disease transfer

With globalization, people started traveling from one region of the globe to another. This has increased the threat of disease transfer from one region to another. For example, the pandemic initial outbreak of the pandemic, COVID-19 took place in the seafood market in Wuhan, China. Then, it slowly started spreading in the whole country and with the passage of time, the infection spread in almost every country of the world. This happened because of people traveling to or from China to other countries. Along with this, Chinese food and other goods also played a key role in spreading the infection to different parts of the world, as COVID-19 thrived even on goods and objects. This way, globalization has brought a significant rise in the threat of disease transfer across the globe.

5. Globalization is more beneficial for already developed countries

According to studies, globalization is more beneficial for already developed countries. This is because MNCs from developed countries enter developing countries' markets and give tough competition to the local producers. Due to their attraction towards international products, people prefer making purchases from MNCs. As a result, they make huge profits, whereas local producers suffer a loss in their income. This way, Globalization is more beneficial for already developed countries rather than the developed ones.

Pros and Cons of Globalisation in a developed country

Globalization has a positive side for developed countries, which improves the economic growth and development of these economies. The process of globalization helps in solving various deep-seated problems of the economy. Following are the main benefits of globalization in the context of developed economies.

Comparative advantage: The core benefit of globalization is a comparative advantage as globalization helps countries to produce goods and services at lower opportunity costs than the other countries. The developed country may benefit from producing or procuring various goods at low costs by exporting the same from other countries, which directly provides a comparative advantage to the developed country. For instance, the United States has achieved the comparative advantage of producing semiconductors.

Easy access to goods and services: Globalization also provides easy access to various goods and services at low cost to many individuals by ensuring imports and exports of goods with greater ease, which also helps reduce the volatility of output and consumption of goods. Consumers also get a wider choice in various goods and services at low prices. Thus, globalization is an important factor that improves easy access to various goods and services at reduced prices. For instance, information from the United Nations Development Program highlights that G20 nations use around 86 % of their resources.

Through free trade and investment opportunities, the expansion:  provides market expansion opportunities to domestic firms through free trade and reduced trade barriers, ensuring economic growth and development. Further, Globalization causes increased competition between the firms. It provides domestic firms an opportunity to export various products and services in the wider market, further improving economic welfare and development. Also, the developing countries often face difficulty competing with the developed countries and get harmed by the tariff protection, ensuring that globalization and free trade benefit developed countries.

The spread of information technology and better economic growth: Globalization also helps spread information and technology between countries through a better influx of information and technology. Also, (Zhang & London, 2011) has provided that developed countries directly get benefited through globalization through better education, technology, finance, and management.

The free movement of labor: Increased labour migration is one of the main benefits of globalization as globalization helps to reduce labour shortage in economies and provides sufficient human capital to fill important positions. This also helps developed countries to improve their productivity and economic growth. For instance, the UK is a highly developed economy that needs to hire nurses from the far east in order to fill the shortage of nurses in the country and to improve the quality of healthcare services.

Some praise the concept of globalization, and some protest this phenomenon on various grounds such as job loss and social injustice. Thus, the process of globalization has its own disadvantages, which are discussed in the points as follows:

Loss of jobs:  is one of the main disadvantages of globalization as free trade of resources, money, and individuals provides an opportunity to organizations in developed to hire employees at low prices from developing countries which directly causes loss of employment by the individuals in the developed countries. Although globalization helps increase return on capital in developed countries such as the US, it also causes decreased return to labor. The low-skill jobs in the US may also disappear due to globalization and employees' availability at low prices from developing countries. In addition to this, the technological advancement associated with globalization also results in decreased employment in the country. Moreover, US employees may also face problems with pay cuts from employers by threatening the export of jobs.

Social inequities: The occurrence of social inequities is another major challenge of globalisation. Large companies, wealthy people, politicians, and lobbyists may manipulate scenarios and set their own rules, regulations, and laws. Further, they may hoard the global resources for themselves, which may give rise to social inequities at the global scale or in the developed country itself.

Poor industrial growth: Globalisation may also cause poor industrial growth. It may also lead to the closure of the companies in the developed countries due to the availability of goods at low prices from other countries. For instance, the small US cement companies may struggle to compete in the US market and may get shut down due to the import of cement at low prices from developing countries. This also may cause higher unemployment and loss of productivity in the economy.

Increase in wage rates:  It is another main disadvantage of globalization that may also impact companies' profitability in developed countries (Collins, 2015). Moreover, companies in developed countries such as the US may enjoy a comparative advantage for effective software development practices. However, this may cause a rise in the wages of software engineers in the country, which may directly impact the revenue of software development and software companies in the US.

Tax avoidance: Globalization also increases the chance of tax competition and avoidance in developed countries as large companies in the developed economy may set up their offices in regions with low corporate taxes to funnel through profits through lower tax payments. For instance, multinational companies such as Apple and Google (US-based companies) may establish their offices or subsidiaries in developing countries such as Luxembourg, where there is a shallow corporate tax rate to save their taxes. This way, the companies may pay meager taxes in the US.

The students of different colleges of the globe get several assignments or case studies on globalization's effects. Many students find it tough to gather the concepts and write them in an assignment form. Therefore, to help such students, an initiative called Assignment help has been taken by Assignment help4me  to provide free access to globalisation essays. Besides, the subsequent sample essay shall help the students to frame their own for their next college assignment. Also, it gives an idea of how the assignments should be presented and how they can score high grades in their daily routine assignments.

Globalisation- The boon or bane?

Growth, development, and improvement may seem synonymous with each other. But in actuality, these terms are highly interdependent. It can be taken about the progress of either a human being or even the entire nation or in interrelation to both. If a human being gets the opportunity of growth, he develops new mediums for improvement, and thus, the entire society experiences positive change and expansion. One such surge in the lives of human beings and the world's businesses began when society experienced the implication of globalisation. It not only empowered the developing nations to grow infinitely but also refined the sources of employment. On the other hand, globalisation has also led to some deeper challenges for the developed nations. This article discusses both the scenarios and tries to evaluate which one has a stronger impact.

Thesis statement: International trade and the expansion of local businesses globally have brought in great positive changes in the business environment. However, it has also proven to be disadvantageous for many communities or nations. This article evaluates the two sides and checks if Globalisation has proven to be a boon or bane for the world. It also checks on the following points:

How has globalisation been advantageous for the world?

For which types of nations, Globalisation has created challenging situations?

Firstly, the export and import trade on a global level has benefited many markets. Essentially, the developing nations have been able to conquer the business in the overseas markets because of their competitive advantage. With the concept of globalisation in practice, many small and big regional companies started expanding and exploring options in the international market. With the businesses surging high, a great peak has been witnessed in the GDP and the economic growth of developing nations like India, China, Bangladesh. These have been regarded to export high-quality products at favorable prices. Also, the popularity of the goods keeps increasing as it spans its wings across multifarious nations. With the increase in demand, the respective countries win over the battle of unemployment.

Probing further, high employment opportunities are the definite advantageous results of globalisation. It has brought in money back home, which has further created multiple job openings. With the ideology of multinational companies, the brands started to set up their factories and offices in developing nations. This ultimately weaved in greater openings for the new talent. Adding on, poverty and unemployment have seen a downward graph due to the expansion of businesses.

Furthermore, one very crucial aspect that has gained importance over the years is the value of talents. With the increased opportunities and wide-open doors of companies and nations across the globe, people are not confined to the laborious and taxing jobs as they were earlier being pushed into during the times of the industrial revolution. In true words, the treatment, respect, and the monetary evaluation for the employment class are three major aspects that have seen a noticeable shift in recent years. Also, because of this, a positive improvement has happened in the employee-employer relationship. This certain change has motivated the workforce of the world and has created employment sectors a better place to grow. Moving ahead, along with the advantages, globalisation also has some disadvantages, which primarily have affected the developed nations.

As discussed above, with the resources and products getting exchanged, the developed countries' companies have access to cheap labor and high-quality products. This works for both the employment sector as well as the manufacturing units. Many companies have even set up their business units to gain direct access to labor and land facilities in developing nations. This, at one point, has proven to be of great benefit for the developing countries, but on the other hand, has taken away the jobs from the developed nations. However, these companies' monetary benefits ultimately add up to the GDP and FDI, and capital flow of the respective countries.

Further, the small companies or the new ventures are always at a risk of failure because of the rigorous competition prevailing in the international market. This puts the products, services, and even the wages of the high skilled workers at risk. These companies further set examples for the failure of budding companies and even discourage new businesses from emerging. The discussion on this point clearly highlights the risk that high competition brings along. Moreover, with the concept of global village into practice, the difficulties have increased even more. The internet generation is putting greater challenges as the order and shipment of goods is now easily accessible. These give buyers a variety of options, resulting in an overdose of competition.

Certainly, loss of jobs in the developed nations, high competition, and free trade are certain factors pointing towards the negative side of the globalisation narrative. Still, the positive effects of globalisation cannot be ignored. It can be said that globalisation is rather a boon than a bane, given the fact that its merits outweigh the demerits. The amount of positivity and growth this process has been providing to the world is unmeasurable. Also, it has made rich nations even richer, which is pushing its government to create even better job opportunities for its citizens. It is because of the higher GDP of the developed nations that their governments can provide federal grants to their national university students. The advancement and the growth in terms of technology and achievement are at par excellence, and developing countries are far beyond their growth chart.

However, to achieve a balance between the both, certain steps need to be taken. These can include motivation for professional courses in foreign countries and pushing children to attain higher educational degrees. Because of the lower aptitude levels and lesser interest in education, they fail to compete with developing countries. The government needs to plan some strategies to fetch the students' interest towards education and generate different kinds of jobs, which would fill the increasing gap of unemployment, largely due to the loss of low-skilled jobs.

Globalisation in totality has both benefits and drawbacks for the developed as well as the developing countries. It has been a concept that has turned fortunes for many, whereas on the other hand, it has also incurred losses to countless people around the globe. There is a need to balance the downsides of globalisation and international trade. Else, the practice of globalisation has certainly proven to be a win-win situation for most countries and much of the global population.

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What Is Globalization?

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Globalization in Business With History and Pros and Cons

Globalization refers to the growing interconnection of nations' economies. It represents the flow of financial products, goods, technology, information, and jobs across national borders and cultures. In economic terms, it describes an interdependence of countries around the globe fostered through free trade .

Key Takeaways

• Globalization is the spread of products, technology, information, and jobs across nations.
• Corporations in developed nations can gain a competitive edge through globalization.
• Developing countries also benefit from globalization as they tend to be more cost-effective locations and therefore attract jobs.
• The benefits of globalization have been questioned as the positive effects are not necessarily distributed equally.
• One clear result of globalization is that an economic downturn in one country can have a domino effect on its trade partners.

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Understanding Globalization

Corporations gain a competitive advantage on multiple fronts from globalization. They can reduce operating costs by manufacturing abroad, buy raw materials more cheaply because of the reduction or removal of tariffs , and most of all, gain access to millions of new consumers.

What It Means

Globalization is a social, cultural, political, and legal phenomenon. 

• Socially, it leads to greater interaction among various populations.
• Culturally, globalization represents the exchange of ideas, values, and artistic expression among cultures.
• Globalization also represents a trend toward the development of a single world culture. 
• Politically, globalization has shifted attention to intergovernmental organizations like the United Nations (UN) and the World Trade Organization (WTO) .
• Legally, globalization has altered how international law is created and enforced.

On the one hand, globalization has created new jobs and economic growth through the cross-border flow of goods, capital, and labor. On the other hand, this growth and job creation are not distributed evenly across industries or countries.

Specific industries in certain countries, such as textile manufacturing in the United States or corn farming in Mexico, have suffered severe disruption or outright collapse as a result of increased international competition.

Globalization's motives are idealistic, as well as opportunistic, but the development of a global free market has benefited large corporations based in the Western world. Its impact remains mixed for workers, cultures, and small businesses around the globe, in both developed and emerging nations .

Globalization has grown at an unprecedented pace, with public policy changes and communications technology innovations cited as the two main driving factors.

The History of Globalization

Globalization is not a new concept. Traders traveled vast distances in ancient times to buy commodities that were rare and expensive for sale in their homelands. The Industrial Revolution brought advances in transportation and communication in the 19th century that eased trade across borders.

The think tank Peterson Institute for International Economics (PIIE) states globalization stalled after World War I. Nations moved toward protectionism as they launched import taxes to guard their industries in the aftermath of the conflict. This trend continued through the Great Depression and World War II until the U.S. took on an instrumental role in reviving international trade .

One of the critical steps in the path to globalization came with the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) , signed in 1993. One of NAFTA's many effects was to give American auto manufacturers the incentive to relocate a portion of their manufacturing to Mexico where they could save on the costs of labor. NAFTA was replaced in 2020 by the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMC) .

Governments worldwide have integrated a free market economic system through  fiscal policies  and trade agreements in the 20th century. The core of most trade agreements is the removal or reduction of tariffs.

This evolution of economic systems has increased industrialization and financial opportunities in many nations. Governments now focus on removing barriers to trade and promoting international commerce.

Pros and Cons of Globalization

• Proponents of globalization believe it allows developing countries to catch up to industrialized nations through increased manufacturing, diversification, economic expansion, and improvements in standards of living .
• Outsourcing by companies brings jobs and technology to developing countries, which helps them to grow their economies. Trade initiatives increase cross-border trading by removing supply-side and trade-related constraints.
• Globalization has advanced  social justice  on an international scale as well, and advocates report that it has focused attention on human rights worldwide that might have otherwise been ignored on a large scale.
• One clear result of globalization is that an economic downturn in one country can have a domino effect on its trade partners. For example, the 2008 financial crisis had a severe impact on Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece, and Spain. All of these countries were members of the European Union , which had to bail out debt-laden nations, which were thereafter known by the acronym PIIGS .
• Globalization detractors argue that it has created a concentration of wealth and power in the hands of a small corporate elite that can gobble up smaller competitors around the globe.
• Globalization has become a polarizing issue in the U.S. with the disappearance of entire industries to new locations abroad. It's seen as a major factor in the economic squeeze on the middle class .
• For better or worse, globalization can reduce the cultural and social aspects unique to people and geographic areas around the world and increase product homogeneity. Starbucks, Nike, and Gap dominate commercial space in many nations. The sheer size and reach of the U.S. have made the cultural exchange among nations largely a one-sided affair.

A larger market for goods and services

Cheaper consumer prices

Outsourcing can benefit domestic firms and foreign labor

Increased standard of living

Concentrates wealth in richer countries

Some poorer countries can be left behind

Labor and the physical and intellectual resources of poorer countries can be exploited

Regions and cultures lose their uniqueness and products available around the world can become homogeneous

Why Is Globalization Important?

Globalization is important as it increases the size of the global market, and allows more and different goods to be produced and sold for cheaper prices. It is also important because it is one of the most powerful forces affecting the modern world, so much so that it can be difficult to make sense of the world without understanding globalization.

For example, many of the largest and most successful corporations in the world are in effect truly multinational organizations, with offices and supply chains stretched right across the world. These companies would not be able to exist if not for the complex network of trade routes, international legal agreements, and telecommunications infrastructure that were made possible through globalization. Important political developments, such as the ongoing trade conflict between the U.S. and China, are also directly related to globalization.

Is Globalization Good or Bad?

It depends. Proponents of globalization will point to the dramatic decline in poverty throughout the world for more than two decades after around year 2000, which many economists attribute in part to increased trade and investment between nations. Similarly, they will argue that globalization has allowed products and services such as cellphones, airplanes, and information technology to be spread far more widely throughout the world.

On the other hand, critics of globalization will point to the negative impact it has had on specific nations’ industries, which might face increased competition from international firms. Globalization can also have negative environmental impacts due to economic development, industrialization, and international travel.

How Does Globalization Impact Society?

Globalization has had a large impact on societies around the world, leading to massive migrations from rural to industrial or urban areas and to the rapid growth of cities and trade hubs. While this has meant an overall increase in incomes and a higher standard of living in general, it has also led to problems such as crime, domestic violence, homelessness, and poverty. Concepts of national identity, national or regional culture, and consumption patterns also change as goods from around the world become increasingly available and at low prices. The competitiveness of global capitalism may also lead to more individualistic ideals that contradict the cultural orientations of certain, more collectivist societies.

What Is an Example of Globalization?

A simple example of globalization would be a car manufactured in the U.S. that sources parts from China, Japan, South Korea, Sri Lanka, and South Africa. The car is then exported to Europe, where it is sold to a driver who fills the car's gas tank with gasoline refined from Saudi oil.

Globalization refers to the ongoing trend of increased interconnectivity of nations across the globe, as enabled by advancements in transportation and information technology, among others.

Globalization is facilitated economically by free trade agreements, which permit barrier-free imports and exports across borders. While globalization brings many advantages—including lower prices and higher standards of living to some—it also has drawbacks, including wealth concentration and cultural homogeneity.

Peterson Institute for International Economics. " What Is Globalization? "

Congressional Research Service. " The North American Free Trade Agreement ," Page 1.

Congressional Research Service. " The North American Free Trade Agreement ." Pages 16-17.

Office of the United States Trade Representative. " United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement ."

FasterCapital. “ Financial Bailout: PIIGS and Financial Bailouts: Lessons From the Crisis .”

Macrotrends. “ World Poverty Rate 1981-2024 .”

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Cultural Globalization (Examples, Pros, Cons) – AP Human Geo

Cultural globalization is the spread of the culture, customs, or ideas of a place or a people to the rest of the world.

The cultural globalization hypothesis argues that a global culture leads to the homogenization of the human experience. In other words, the con of cultural globalization is that there may develop one world culture (an Americanized world) rather than cultural diversity.

Cultural globalization theorists believe that globalization has picked up pace only over the last century. This is a result of unprecedented technological changes such as the internet and cheap international travel.

Peter L. Berger and Samuel P. Huntington have been among the most important theorists of cultural globalization. 

Pros of Cultural Globalization

1. standardization of time and space.

Cultural globalization has allowed for uniformity of standards in measuring time and space.

For instance, historically, different cultures had different calendars based on different determinants (solar, lunar, etc.). Once, the very sense of time differed across cultures, but now we all follow the same time norms and calendars.

Similarly, different units used to be used for measuring distance, mass, volume, etc.

Today, the Gregorian calendar and its months are followed in most of the world, while the metric system is used for measuring the space the world over. 

This has allowed not just for ease of communication, but for greater scientific progress. It led to freeing up human resources from the cumbersome task of always having to convert from one system to another.

The British geographer David Harvey called this phenomenon, which is characteristic of postmodernity, a “compression of time-space” (Harvey, 1989).

2. It is a Catalyst for Positive Social Change

Cultural globalization allows for the spread of positive political and social values such as democracy .

This happens both through the use of mass communication as well as the physical movement of people across boundaries and the exchanges between diasporas and their homelands. 

For instance, the spread of ideas such as freedom, democracy, secularism, feminism etc. has led to political movements in many parts of the world demanding greater rights for their people.

Twenty-first-century revolutionary movements such as the Arab spring, the orange revolution, etc. were fuelled by ideas born out of a culture of globalization that allowed liberal values to be widely disseminated and accepted in societies with traditionally autocratic political structures. However, these ideas spread sporadically through cultures, and there is clear evidence of cultural lag .

However, in recent years, the rise of nationalism and China’s defiance of democracy makes us wonder if this ‘pro’ is really happening at all.

3. Economic Growth

Cultural globalization creates greater opportunities for wealth creation as it allows businesses and people to move and operate across different geographies with greater ease.

For instance, the widespread use of the English language and American corporate culture in much of the world allows businesses to expand to virtually any geography without having to worry about linguistic and cultural barriers. 

Similarly, familiarity with the English language allows people from poor third-world countries such as India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nigeria, Egypt, etc. to migrate to rich, first-world Anglo-Saxon nations such as the USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand etc. and afford a better standard of living. 

4. Broadening the Human Perspective

Cultural globalization allows humans living in one part of the world to learn how other people experience life.

For instance, American culture has spread to much of the world, allowing people in China or Japan to experience the American way of life.

Similarly, the spread of Chinese cuisine or Latino music to America allows Americans to experience the way of life of other cultures.

All of this allows for a broadening of perspective of the people who come into contact with other cultures.

Cons of Cultural Globalization

1. erosion of local cultures.

Cultural globalization, while bringing people together, can also pose a threat to local cultures, languages, and traditions and replacing them with a transnational culture .

For instance, the widespread use of the English language is good for creating economic opportunities for people in the Third World. But, it also threatens their indigenous languages. The teaching of English in school is fast replacing local languages as the medium of instruction, thereby hampering the development of local languages. (Mikanowski, 2018)

Another example of the erosion of local cultures is the disappearance of ancient cultures and customs due to technological changes brought by globalization .

For instance, camels were once an integral part of the cultures of people in the arid and semi-arid parts of South and West Asia, India, Pakistan, Iran and Saudi Arabia. Camels were used not just for transport but also for milk, making clothes, and even musical instruments using camel hair.

However, the advent of modern transport has made the camel virtually obsolete in modern life even in arid regions.

Unlike horses, camels have little value in sport, ceremony, or showmanship. This has led to not just a steep decline in camel numbers, but also a disappearance of cultures and peoples associated with camels (Sunder, 2021).

2. Widening of Inequalities

Cultural globalization allows for greater opportunities for wealth creation. But, it has been argued that it also makes some people wealthier and leaves others behind.

For instance, while cultural globalization allows businesses to offer more opportunities to English speakers in the third world, such opportunities are limited only to those who can afford to invest in acquiring expensive English language skills.

Similarly, in much of the third world, legal immigration to a first-world country is an option available only to the relatively well-off because of the high costs involved in getting visas and the entry barriers (such as education or skill level) imposed by the destination countries. 

3. Clash of Civilizations

Clash of Civilizations is a concept popularized by the American historian and political scientist Samuel P. Huntington (1927-2008).

Huntington argued that where cultural globalization on the one hand is bringing the world and its people together, this proximity can also generate friction as different cultures struggle to maintain their individual identities.

This can result in a conflict of values, and, occasionally, violence (Huntington, 1996).

4. Ecological Impact

Cultural globalization can also have an adverse impact on the environment.

Cultural practices particular to one region may spread to others, irrespective of whether or not they may be suited to the ecology of the region. 

For instance, in many parts of the world, food was traditionally consumed in organic, locally sourced containers such as those made from tree leaves, wood, or bamboo.

But the spread of fast foods and packaging has also meant the spread of plastics.

Another example are the feral camels of Australia that were first brought to the Australian continent by British colonialists from Asia.

While camels are becoming extinct in South and West Asia, threatening millennia-old cultural traditions, their population has exploded in Australia, causing severe environmental degradation (Traill, 2017).

Table Summary: Pros and Cons of Cultural Globalization

Examples of cultural globalization, 1. mcdonaldization.

McDonaldization is a term coined by the American sociologist George Ritzer to describe increasing cultural conformity.

Like a Mcdonald’s outlet that offers the same hamburger in identical-looking restaurants served by identically dressed employees all over the world, several products of cultural globalization are characterized by uniformity, efficiency, and predictability or what Max Weber called rationalization of the modern world . (Ritzer, 1993)

Related Concept: McDonaldization Examples

2. Spread of Evangelical Protestantism

Peter L. Berger described evangelical Protestantism as another example of cultural globalization.

Berger compared it to Islamic resurgence, which was restricted to the Muslim world or among the Muslim diaspora.

By contrast, evangelical Protestantism brought the protestant ethic to regions where it had never before existed, such as sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America.

Rooted in an American ethic, evangelical Protestantism brings to the societies it spreads to a culture heavily tinged by American, protestant ethos. For instance, American gospel songs are sung by Mayan evangelicals in Mexico and Guatemala (Berger, 1997).

3. Spread of Foods and Dishes

Our grandparents likely remember a time when they didn’t eat a variety of different dishes from around the world.

But today, recipes and spices from around the world are commonplace in multicultural societies. We can eat Chinese, Indian, Japanese, and American foods from a range of restaurants in most world cities.

However, remember that food is just one part of culture. The deeper elements of cultures are the values and beliefs that cultural groups hold.

4. Spread of Fashion

In many nations, younger people are enjoying pop culture and fast fashion that comes from overseas.

This means you may go somewhere like Morocco and see a lot less of the traditional clothing as younger people are out and about wearing westernized fashions.

Similarly, French fashion has historically spread around the world quickly as people were influenced by big Parisian fashion designers.

5. Spread of Political Ideologies

Cultural globalization leads to the spread of ideologies and beliefs. Examples of ideologies include capitalism and democracy.

The best example of this is this is the 2011 Arab Spring, which was an example of the spread of democratic movements around the world. Some succeeded, while others were suppressed by dictatorships.

Similarly, in the early 2020s, there was a rise in authoritarianism in the United States and Eastern Europe. It’s likely that these cultural movements influenced one another thanks to technological globalization .

6. Davos Culture

Davos culture is a term used to describe the global business and political elites that attend the World Economic Forum summits at Davos in Switzerland.

The term “Davos Man” was coined by the American political scientist Samuel P. Huntington (Zanin, 2009).

The Davos Culture view of the world is one centered on the benefits of a globalized world, characterized by a preference for open markets and lower trade barriers, a positive view of competition, a healthy role for global finance, and so on. 

Davos Culture is a classic manifestation of cultural globalization, in that the attendees at such global conferences, irrespective of their national, religious, linguistic, or ethnic origins, share a similar outlook on political, economic, and social affairs, born out of their embeddedness in a globalized culture. 

Table Summary: Examples of Cultural Globalization

Globalization has several interlinked aspects  – including economic, political, and cultural.

While cultural exchanges have been occurring for millennia, cultural globalization refers specifically to the unprecedented acceleration of the transmission of cultural norms sparked off by technological changes such as the internet and cheap air travel. Cultural globalization can be a force for the good, as when it creates opportunities for economic growth and brings about positive change in societies. However, it can also have a darker side when it erodes cultures and creates deep income inequalities. 

Related Globalization and Culture Articles

• 8 Types of Globalization
• Political Globalization
• Economic Globalziation
• The 5 Scapes of Globalization
• 18 Elements of Culture
• 19 Examples of Culture
• Neolocalism
• Types of Cultural Diffusion
• Examples of Ethnocentrism
• Contagious Diffusion Examples
• Examples of Countercultures
• Examples of Relocation Diffusion
• Examples of Hierarchical Diffusion

Berger, P. L. (1997). Four faces of global culture. The National Interest , 49 , 23–29. 

Harvey, D. (1989) The condition of postmodernity: An enquiry into the origins of cultural change . Blackwell.

Huntington, S.P. (1996) The clash of civilizations and the remaking of the world order Simon & Schuster.

Mikanowski, J. (2018) Behemoth, bully, thief: how the English language is taking over the planet The Guardian https://www.theguardian.com/news/2018/jul/27/english-language-global-dominance  

Ritzer, G. (1993) The McDonaldization of society . London: Sage.

Sunder, K. (2021) Camels are disappearing in India, threatening a centuries-old nomadic culture National Geographic https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/camels-disappearing-in-india-threatens-a-centuries-old-nomadic-culture  

Traill, B. (2017) Voracious and plentiful, feral camels remain a major threat to Australian Outback Pew https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/articles/2017/02/21/voracious-and-plentiful-feral-camels-remain-a-major-threat-to-australian-outback  

Zanin, T. (2009). Samuel P. Huntington and the Ambiguities of American Power. International Journal , 64(4), 1109–1116.

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Globalization Essay: Pros And Cons

About 10 or 20 years ago not so many people heard about globalization, and only few knew what it means. Today globalization issue is discussed by almost everyone. A lot of journalists, writers, and just ordinary people have already written numerous globalization essays, in which they highlight different aspects of this phenomenon. Contingently all the essays on globalization can be divided into 2 groups: the first group supports globalization and tells about its advantages, the second one is against it and emphasizes its weak points. In this essay on globalization we try to remain neutral and to show you both pros and cons.

The concept of “globalization” is very multifaceted. In simple words globalization is a process of the world transformation into a unified system. In the end of the last century globalization became actual topic for thinking; discussions about it did not stop but strengthened instead. Globalization implies the integration of the economic, cultural, political and religious spheres, however, the most sensational is globalization of the economy.

Combining of space in one zone and unlimited movement in it of information resources, funds, labor, goods and services, the free expression of ideas, the development, strengthening and interaction of social institutions – all these form the world economic globalization.

Sources of globalization

1. Scientific and technical progress, in particular the development of the Internet, by means of which the distance between countries is erased. Today we have the possibility to get news from any place of the world, as soon as they occur, watch images and video from satellites in real time. It has also become available distance learning in educational institutions of any country.

2. World trade, which has become much freer as a result of liberal measures. Thanks to the taken measures tariffs on trade in goods and services from abroad reduced.

3. Transnationalization, which in essence is an exchange between the countries of the goods, which in one country are in abundance, and in another there is a lack of those goods. Multinational companies today captured financial and information market. The economies of all countries are becoming a global.

4. The transition to a market relations, which is more or less occurred in Europe and the former Soviet Union, and thus supported the economic views of the United States.

5. Union of the cultural traditions. The media are becoming homogeneous and globalized. English has become the international language, as in former times Russian was main for the countries of the USSR.

1. Globalization has created an international competition. Competition, in its turn, is a stimulator of the production, as much it is harder as much the level of production is higher. After all, every manufacturer tries to occupy a favorable place in international trade field, so he tries to do everything so that his goods look more attractive than the competitors’.

2. Globalization has provoked economy of industrial scale, which contributed to avoiding shocks in the economy and to lower prices.

3. International trade is beneficial to all the subjects of market relations; creation of trade unions only accelerates the process of globalization.

4. The introduction of modern technology improves productivity.

5. Countries in the development stage can catch up with the advanced state, globalization gives them a head start to improve their economic situation and take strong foothold on the world stage.

1. Benefits of globalization can not be equally distributed across the world. Some industrial sectors from international trade make huge profits, the inflow of skilled labor force from abroad, the financing, while others are losing competitiveness, become unnecessary. Forgotten industries need time and money to reconstruct, to adjust to the new conditions of life. Often they do not manage to do it, so the owners lose their money, people lose their work. These changes greatly hurt the national economy of each country, make changes in the economic structure, and the unemployment rate increases.

2. The de-industrialization of the economy. The manufacturing sector loses its ground, while its place takes the thriving service industry. People have to train for a new profession to find their place in this global changing system.

3. Competition creates a large gap between qualified and no qualified personnel. Salary of the first ones increases significantly, while the second receive a penny or even lose their source of income. This again raises the unemployment, which undermines globalization. But at the same time it is also a good incentive for people to train, develop and acquire a qualification.

4. Globalization has a significant impact on the ecosystem of the world. Conflicts over the use of natural resources can not be avoided. The world is already on the verge of tremendous discord caused by deforestation, pollution of the oceans and seas, and the irrational use of the goods of the Earth.

All this can cause irreparable harm to humanity and the planet as a whole.

Globalization is a fact of modern life; it is an irreversible process, inescapable fate of world development. Globalization can not be good or bad.

So let’s sum up everything we have already mentioned. Globalization is a world phenomenon; it is a process that affects every country of the world, their economies and the lives. On the one hand it unites the whole world, on the other hand globalization makes the line between developed and backward countries more apparent. The competition, which affects really all areas of production, is the main globalization engine on the world market. Only those companies that are able to compete can survive. The biggest globalization disadvantage is that backward countries will suffer the most, as they will not be able to take their place on the global market.

Now having read this essay about globalization you are able to form your own valid view on this issue. We have other essays for you on various topics. Visit our website and you will find everything you need. Also our qualified team can help you any time. On Bigessaywriter.com you are always welcome!

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