essay on national flag in bengali

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ভারতের জাতীয় পতাকা | ইতিহাস, বর্ণনা, ব্যবহারের নিয়ম, ভারতের জাতীয় পতাকা সম্পর্কে বিস্তারিত আলোচনা | national flag of india details in bengali.

ভারতের জাতীয় পতাকা

ভারতের জাতীয় পতাকা (১৯০৬)

ভারতের জাতীয় পতাকা (১৯০৭)

ভারতের জাতীয় পতাকা (১৯১৭)

ভারতের জাতীয় পতাকা (১৯২১)

ভারতের জাতীয় পতাকা (১৯৩১)

ভারতের জাতীয় পতাকা (১৯৪৭)

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Paragraph: Our National Flag বাংলা অর্থসহ (PDF)

Our National Flag

A national flag means a flag which a country achieves / gains by independence. It is the symbol of a nation. To gain independence a country has to struggle a lot. However, Bangladesh is an independent country. We have a national flag like other free countries. It reminds us the freedom fighters of our country who has dedicated their lives for our country. Our national flag is made by cotton or silk. Its shape is rectangular and it is 10: 6 in proportion. It may be different sizes according to its use. The flag is hoisted everyday in government buildings and educational institutions. It is hoisted everywhere in our country on 16 December, 26 March and 21 February. Our national flag has two colors- green and red. The green color is the symbol of youth and the red color is the symbol of the sacrifices of freedom fighters. We salute the national flag and respect our freedom fighters with much respect. In fact, we are really proud of it.

একটি জাতীয় পতাকা হচ্ছে এমন একটি পতাকা যা একটি দেশ স্বাধীনতার দ্বারা অর্জন করে। এটি একটি জাতির প্রতীক। স্বাধীনতা অর্জনের জন্য একটি দেশকে অনেক লড়াই করতে হয়। যাই হোক, বাংলাদেশ একটি স্বাধীন দেশ। অন্যান্য স্বাধীন দেশগুলির মতো আমাদেরও জাতীয় পতাকা রয়েছে। এটি আমাদের দেশের মুক্তিযোদ্ধাদের স্মরণ করিয়ে দেয় যারা আমাদের দেশের জন্য তাদের জীবন উৎসর্গ করেছে। আমাদের জাতীয় পতাকা তুলা বা রেশম দ্বারা তৈরি। এর আকার আয়তক্ষেত্রাকার এবং এটি অনুপাতে 10:6। এটির ব্যবহার অনুসারে এটি বিভিন্ন আকারের হতে পারে। সরকারী ভবন এবং শিক্ষা প্রতিষ্ঠানে প্রতিদিন পতাকা উত্তোলন করা হয়। এটি ১৬ ডিসেম্বর, ২৬ মার্চ এবং ২১ ফেব্রুয়ারি আমাদের দেশে সর্বত্র উত্তোলন করা হয়। আমাদের জাতীয় পতাকাটিতে দুটি বর্ণ রয়েছে – সবুজ এবং লাল। সবুজ রঙ তরুণদের প্রতীক এবং লাল রঙ মুক্তিযোদ্ধাদের ত্যাগের প্রতীক। আমরা জাতীয় পতাকাটিকে সালাম জানাই এবং আমাদের মুক্তিযোদ্ধাদের অনেক শ্রদ্ধার সাথে শ্রদ্ধা জানাই। আসলে, আমরা এটির জন্য সত্যই গর্বিত।

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Paragraph on Our National Flag

In this post, I have shared a paragraph on our National Flag of Bangladesh. This paragraph is mostly common for class 5 to class 8 and JSC students. Advertisement I have written several paragraphs of…

In this post, I have shared a paragraph on our National Flag of Bangladesh. This paragraph is mostly common for class 5 to class 8 and JSC students.

I have written several paragraphs of different sizes. You can follow what suits you. If you are a student of SSC and HSC, you can also use it.

You must write a paragraph in a single paragraph though I showed them in multiple paragraphs for your better understanding.

Our National Flag Paragraph for Class 5 in 100 Words

Every country has a national flag of its own. As an independent country, Bangladesh also has a national flag. A national flag is the symbol of the freedom of a nation. Our national flag is rectangular. The background of the flag is bottle green and it has a red circle in the middle. The green colour stands for our green fields, everlasting freshness, vigour and vitality of our nation. The red circle stands for the red sun of freedom. The blood-red colour of the sun is a memorial of bloody war and the sacrifice of 30 lac martyrs lives. The flag’s length and breadth are in the ratio of 10:6. We are proud of our country and determined to hold the prestige of our national flag.

Paragraph on Our National Flag 150 Words

Our national flag.

A national flag is a symbol of the independence and sovereignty of a free country. Every free nation of the globe has its own flag. Similarly, Bangladesh has a national flag as She is an independent country.

Bangladesh got this flag on December sixteen, 1971, after a nine-month-long valiant struggle of our heroic freedom fighters with the occupying Pakistani army.

The national flag of Bangladesh is rectangular in shape having a proportion of 10:6 or 5:3. There are 2 colours in our flag – green and red. The green colour of our flag stands for everlasting youth, vigour, and freshness of the nation. It also symbolizes the greenery of Bangladesh. The red colour symbolizes the rising sun of independence. It stands for the supreme sacrifices of our heroic freedom fighters who set down their lives for the reason for their country of origin.

The flag is hoisted every day on top of government offices and educational institutions. Whenever we see our national flag flying, our mind is filled with joy and hearts swell in pride. We feel proud of our national flag .

Our National Flag Paragraph 250 Words

The national flag is a piece of fabric with a special and unique coloured design. It is used as the symbol of a particular country.

Every nation of the world has a national flag of its own. It is the symbol of the independence of a nation. As an independent country, Bangladesh has also a national flag.

We achieved this in 1971 at the cost of 30 lac of martyrs. The ratio of its length and breadth is 10:6. Our national flag is a green rectangle with a round red circle in the middle. The radius of the red circle is one-fifth of the length of the flag. The green colour represents our green fields and the youthful vigour of our country. The red circle symbolizes the blood of our 30 lac martyrs who sacrificed their lives for the country. The red circle also stands for the red sun of freedom and new hope for a new nation.

After 9 months long bloody war, Bangladesh became independent on 16th December of 1971. The national flag is hoisted on the premises of every govt office, institute and organization in Bangladesh. It is kept half-mast on national mourning days

Our national flag reminds us of the supreme sacrifice of our heroic sons. It inspires us to die for the country. We should be determined to uphold the honour of our national flag and do duties to the nation.

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But sir this paragraph is too small for 10 marks for my English exam….

Yes, this is. I'll update this page with a new paragraph with 200 words. Thanks for visiting.

It is too small for 10 marks and more points should be nooted

Would you tell me for which class you need this paragraph? 250 words paragraph for secondary is good enough to get 10 marks. Actually getting marks depends on quality not on number of words. Ok I'll share 1 more paragraph in 300 words.

flag of Bangladesh

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CRW Flags - Flag of Bangladesh

From its founding in 1949, the Awami League was the expression of Bengali nationalism in the territory then known as East Pakistan. Following elections in December 1970, which the league won, the military ruler of Pakistan canceled the National Assembly. Opposition to this by the Awami League led to the creation of a national flag for the Bengali homeland, Bangladesh . The flag of Bangladesh, like that of Pakistan , is dark green. This is a symbol of the Islamic faith of most of the population. Bengalis officially have a secular state, however, and therefore have defined the green as a symbol of the rich vegetation of their country and of the hope placed in their youth.

The first flag, designed by a student named Serajul Alam, bore a red disk in the centre with a gold silhouette map of East Pakistan. When Mujibur Rahman (Sheikh Mujib), the leader of the Awami League, spoke out in favour of Bengali autonomy in March 1971, the new flag was displayed behind him. Pakistan soon undertook repressive measures and arrested Mujib, who responded by calling upon Bengalis to proclaim independence. With the support of Indian troops in December, the Bengalis were successful in their struggle, and a new government was proclaimed in January. On January 13, 1972, the national flag was modified. The silhouette map of the land was eliminated, and the red disk was shifted slightly off-centre toward the hoist. The symbolism of the red was defined as the blood shed by Bengalis in their fight for independence. The disk was said to be a symbol of “the rising sun of a new country.”

কনটেন্টটি শেয়ার করতে ক্লিক করুন

National Portal Bangladesh

পোর্টাল সাবস্ক্রাইব করুন

The national flag of Bangladesh \r\n\r\n The National Flag is in bottle green and rectangular in size in the proportion of length to width 5:3 bearing a red circle on the body of the green, the red circle has a radius of one-fifth of the length of the flag. The background green symbolizes the greenery and the youthfulness. The red disc represents the rising sun of independence after the dark night of a blood-drenched struggle. \r\n\r\n National Emblem of Bangladesh \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n The National Emblem comprises a floating shapla-Water lily over the represented water from the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers. The shapla is surrounded by a paddy-stalk on either side. Three inter-linked jute leaves, with two stars on each side of which, are on the top of the shapla. \r\n\r\n \r\n\t \r\n \r\n\r\n Government Seal of Bangladesh \r\n\r\n \r\n\t \r\n \r\n\r\n National Anthem \r\n\r\n My Bengal of gold, I love you\r\n\t Forever your skies, your air set my heart in tune\r\n\t as if it were a flute.\r\n\t In spring, Oh mother mine, the fragrance from your mango groves makes me wild with joy\r\n\t Ah, what a thrill!\r\n\t What a quilt have you spread at the feet of banyan trees and along the banks of rivers!\r\n\t Oh mother mine, word from your lips are like\r\n\t Nectar to my ears!\r\n\t Ah, what a thrill!\r\n\t If sadness, Oh mother mine, casts a gloom on your face\r\n\t My eyes are filled with tears! \r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n \r\n\t \r\n \r\n\r\n Geography and Population \r\n\r\n Bangladesh lies between 20\u203334\u2032 and 26\u203338\u2032 North Latitude and 88\u203301\u2032 and 92\u203341\u2032 East Longitude with a total landmass of 1,47,570 square kilometers (56,977 sq. miles). Bangladesh is surrounded by India on the West, North, and Northeast, Myanmar on the Southeast, and the Bay of Bengal on the South. Bangladesh has a strategic location and acts as a bridge between South Asia and Southeast Asia. It has a population of 147 million people. In other words, it is roughly the size of New York State with half the entire population of the United States crammed into this area. \r\n\r\n Topography \r\n\r\n Most of Bangladesh is at low elevations and is divided into five physical regions: (I) the Ganges Delta to the Southwest, (II) the Paradelta to the Northwest, (III) the East Central plains and the Sylhet Hills in the Northeast, and (IV) the Chittagong region in the Southeast. Bangladesh is the largest deltaic region in the world. The Ganges Delta is geologically the most recent compared with other deltas. Mangrove forests thrive in the lower delta, which is flooded by fresh tidal waters. The soil base is new alluvium. The Sundarbans to the Southwest is the largest mangrove forest in the world. The Paradelta, like the delta proper, is a plain but its elevations are higher at 100 to 300 feet above sea level. Its soils are varied \u2013 silt and sandy clays and old alluvium. It lies between the Ganges and the (Brahmaputra) Jamuna Rivers. \r\n\r\n The East Central plains, with the Meghna River almost at its center, consists of plains and active floodplains in which the main rivers, including the Brahmaputra, have altered their channels in the past. At the center of this plain lies Madhupur Forest, a former site for tiger hunting. To the Northeast is the Meghna depression, part of which is only 10 feet above sea level; during the rainy season, it turns into a huge lake, covering most of its 7,250 square kilometers (2,800 square miles) basin. Bangladesh is a riverine country and is crisscrossed by innumerable rivers, rivulets, and their tributaries. \r\n\r\n Climate \r\n\r\n Bangladesh has a tropical monsoon climate with heavy summer rain and high summer temperatures. Winters are dry and cool. South and Southwest winds dominate from mid-April to mid-October and bring enormous amounts of moisture from the Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal. 95% of the total rainfall, which averages about 80 inches (2,040 millimeters) occurs during that period. The temperatures range from an average of about 68 F (18C) in January to about 86 F (30C) in April. \r\n\r\n Seasons \r\n\r\n Bengali tradition divides the year into six seasons; Grishmo(summer), Barsha(rainy), Sarat(early autumn), Hemanta(late autumn), Sheet(winter) and Boshonto (spring). For practical purposes, however, four seasons are clearly distinguishable; Summer, Rainy, late Autumn (when harvesting takes place), and Winter. Rains begin in April accompanied by Norwester or \u2018Kalbaishakhi\u2019. It is then that farmers start tilling their land for an early crop. With the onset of monsoon in the first week of June heavy downpour starts, and the average temperature falls too low 80F. These heavy rains last for about two to three months causing floods and inundation of fields and riverbanks. The Winter is moderate while the Spring is mellow and pleasant. \r\n\r\n Bio-diversity \r\n\r\n Bangladesh enjoys a great bio-diversity in its flora and fauna. The flower \u201cShapla\u201d (nympoea-nouchali) is the national emblem, Magpie Robin (Doel) is the national bird, while the Royal Bengal Tiger is the national animal of Bangladesh which abounds in the Sunderbans, recognized as a world heritage. \r\n\r\n People \r\n\r\n Building upon firm ethnological roots and an entrepreneurial spirit as well as innovative skills, the people of Bangladesh are creating a special niche for themselves on the global plank. Given the fascinating land with a variegated history and a rich cultural tapestry, the people are endowed with a native intellect, capacity for hard work, and resilience. Bangladeshis are simple, friendly, and hospitable in nature. With a 147 million population, Bangladesh ranks as the world\u2019s 8th most populous country. It is also one of the most densely populated countries in the world. The birth rate in 2006 came down to 1.5% while the percentage of literacy rate is now over 60, the highest in South Asia after Sri Lanka. Life expectancy at birth is now over 62.4 according to the 2005 Census. The staple food of the people is rice, which is generally eaten with fish curry, and lentil. Most women in Bangladesh wear a \u201cSari\u201d, and men \u201cLungi\u201d. Bengalees descended from several racial and sub-racial groups entering South Asia over the past five thousand years. By and large, they are now a single homogenous race with one common language \u2013 Bangla. \r\n\r\n The overwhelming majority of Bangladeshis are ethnic Bengalis, comprising 98% of the population. The remainder is mostly Biharis and indigenous tribal groups. There is also a small but growing population of Rohingya refugees from Burma around Cox\u2019s Bazaar, which Bangladesh seeks to repatriate to Burma. The indigenous tribal peoples are concentrated in the Chittagong Hill Tracts in the southeast. There are 13 tribal groups located in this region, the largest being the Chakma. The Hill Tracts region has been a source of unrest and separatism since and before the inception of Bangladesh. Outside the Hill Tracts, the largest tribal groups are the Santhals and Garos (Achiks), while smaller groups include the Kaibartta, Meitei, Mundas, Oraons, and Zomi. \r\n\r\n Nearly all Bangladeshis speak Bangla as their mother tongue and it is the official language. It is an Indo-Aryan language of Sanskrit origin with its own script. English is used as a second language among the middle and upper classes. English is also widely used in higher education and the legal system. Historically, laws were written in English and translated into Bengali until 1987 when the procedure was reversed. The Bihari population speaks Urdu, which was also the language associated with the government prior to separation from Pakistan. \r\n\r\n Language \r\n\r\n Bangla, the official language, is spoken by more than 99 percent of the population but English is also generally understood and spoken particularly in urban areas. Bangla is one of the most extensively spoken languages in the world. Bengali script is derived directly from Gupta Brahmi script having a close affinity with Thai and Cambodian scripts. The origin of this script is generally traced to the 10th century AD. Bengali is a rich language capable of expressing the finest nuances of thought and feeling, a language that continuously mirrors the ever-changing play of life. \r\n\r\n Bengalees passionately love their language. While under the neocolonial subjugation, the Bengalees on February 21, 1952, shed their blood for protecting and preserving their mother tongue from the encroachment of alien language. The day has been declared by UNESCO in 1999 as the International Mother Language Day to be observed all over the world in commemoration of the Bengali language movement. Bangla is rich in poetry, short story, novel, essay, and drama. Two major Bangla poets are Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore (1863-1941), and Bangladesh\u2019s national poet Kazi Nazrul Islam (1899-1976). The latter\u2019s birth centenary was celebrated in 2000 with great acclaim. \r\n\r\n Religion \r\n\r\n Islam is the predominant religion with over 88% adherents. Hindus comprise about 10% of the population. The rest are Buddhists, Christians, and animists. People are generally pious and keen on observing their respective religious rites and festivities with fervor. Bangladesh is a model of religious harmony and tolerance. Different religious communities and groups live in peace and the minorities are well represented in all tiers of society as well as in the government machinery. \r\n\r\n Culture \r\n\r\n Reflecting the long history of the region, Bangladesh has a culture that encompasses elements both old and new. The Bengali language boasts a rich literary heritage, which Bangladesh shares with the Indian state of West Bengal. The earliest literary text in Bengali is the 8th-century Charyapada. Medieval Bengali literature was often either religious (for example, Chandidas), or adapted from other languages (for example, Alaol). Bengali literature reached its full expression in the 19th century, with its greatest icons being poets Rabindranath Tagore, Michael Madhusudan Dutt, and Kazi Nazrul Islam. Bangladesh also has a long tradition in folk literature, for example, Maimansingha Gitika, Thakurmar Jhuli, and stories related to Gopal Bhar, Birbal, and Molla Nasiruddin. \r\n\r\n The musical tradition of Bangladesh is lyrics-based (Baniprodhan), with minimal instrumental accompaniment. The Baul tradition is a distinctive element of Bengali folk music. Numerous other musical traditions exist including Gombhira, Bhatiali, and Bhawaiya, varying from one region to the next. Folk music is often accompanied by the ektara, an instrument with only one string. Other instruments include the dotara, dhol, flute, and tabla. Bangladesh also has an active heritage in North Indian classical music. Similarly, Bangladeshi dance forms draw from folk traditions, especially those of the tribal groups, as well as the broader Indian dance tradition. \r\n\r\n Bangladesh produces about 80 films a year. Mainstream Hindi films are also quite popular. Around 200 daily newspapers are published in Bangladesh, along with more than 500 periodicals. However, regular readership is low at just under 15% of the population. Bangladeshis listen to a variety of local and national radio programs like Bangladesh Betar. Four private FM radio stations named (Radio Foorti, ABC Radio, Radio Today, Radio Amar) are popular among urban youths. International Bengali language broadcasts include BBC Bangla and Voice of America. The dominant television channel is the state-owned Bangladesh Television, but in the last few years, privately owned channels have developed considerably. \r\n\r\n The culinary tradition of Bangladesh has close relations to nearby North-East Indian and Middle Eastern cuisine as well as having its own unique traits. Rice and fish are traditional favorites. Bangladeshis make distinctive sweetmeats from milk products, some common ones being R\u00f4shogolla, Rasmalai|R\u00f4shomalai,ch\u00f4mch\u00f4m and kalojam. \r\n\r\n The sari (sha\u0157i) is by far the most widely worn dress by Bangladeshi women. A guild of weavers in Dhaka is renowned for producing saris from exquisite Jamdani muslin. The salwar kameez (shaloar kamiz) is also quite popular, and in urban areas, some women wear western attire. Among men, western attire is more widely adopted. Men also wear the kurta-pajama combination, often on religious occasions, and the lungi, a kind of long skirt for men. \r\n\r\n Eid ul-Fitr and Eid ul-Adha, being the most important holidays in the Islamic calendar, are the subject of major festivals. The day before Eid ul-Fitr is called Ch\u00e3d Rat(the night of the moon) and is often celebrated with firecrackers. Eid ul-Adha is celebrated in memory of the great sacrifice of Prophet Abraham. Major Hindu festivals are Durga Puja, Kali Puja and Saraswati Puja. Buddha Purnima, which marks the birth of Gautama Buddha, and Christmas, called B\u00f4\u0157odin (Great day), are both national holidays. The most important secular festival is Pohela Baishakh or Bengali New Year, the beginning of the Bengali calendar. Other festivities include Nobanno, Poush pardon (festival of Poush), and observance of national days like Shohid Dibosh and Victory Day. \r\n\r\n Time \r\n\r\n The standard time of Bangladesh is 6 hours ahead of GMT. Friday and Saturday are weekly government holidays while private offices and enterprises observe Friday as the weekly day-off and remain open on Saturday. Office hours are from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. \r\n\r\n History \r\n\r\n Bangladesh is usually called a comparatively new nation in an ancient land. It emerged as an independent country through a sanguinary and protracted War of Liberation at the cost of immense sacrifices. The history of the country is as old as it is eventful. Bangladesh was famed in ancient times as a land of bounty and affluence. Etymologically the word Bangladesh is derived from the cognate Banga, which was first mentioned in the Hindu scripture Oitery Araanyk composed between 5000 BC and 500 AD. Bangladesh is the largest wetland in the world formed by the interaction of innumerable rivers and streams; its configuration was determined and is continuously changed by these water bodies. Geological evidence indicates that much of Bangladesh was formed 1 to 6.5 million years ago during the tertiary era. Human habitation in the region is believed to be very old with its roots in the Paleolithic civilization dating back to about one hundred thousand (1,00,000) years. In the ancient age, an Austro-Asian race first inhabited the region. Then came the Dravidians from Western India and later the Aryans from Central Asia. Then followed the influx of the Mongolians, Persians, Turks, and Afghans. The mighty Gangaridai and Prasioi empires were located in Bengal. According to Greek sources of 4th century BC, the people of this deltaic region made extensive military preparations to halt the march of Alexander the Great, had he chosen to continue his Eastward advancement. \r\n\r\n Later records, inscriptions, coins, and ornaments testify to the tradition of rich heritage and civilization indicating the glorious past of Bangladesh. Because of its strategic location, Bangladesh since time immemorial served as a flourishing entry-port and intermediary in trade and commerce between South Asia and the Far East. The influence of Bengal spread far and wide and the region played a seminal role in disseminating its rich heritage and tradition, art and architecture, culture, and learning in the wider continent of Asia and beyond. History recorded that Mauryas (4th to 2nd centuries BC), the Guptas (4th to 5th century AD), the empire of Sasanka (7th century AD), the Pala dynasty (750-1162 AD), and the Senas (1162 to 1223 AD) successively held their sway here. Then followed a long chain of Muslim rule (till 1757) when this region reached the zenith of economic affluence. In fact, had there been no British conquest in 1757 Bengal would have been the first country in Asia to achieve the industrial revolution because of its excellence in the finest fabrics. The British rule, which started from Bengal, was subsequently extended to the whole of the sub-continent. When the British left the subcontinent was partitioned into two countries-India and Pakistan. Bangladesh formed the Eastern Wing of Pakistan. Though numerically in the majority, the Bengalees were treated unjustly, and very soon the movement for the autonomy of Bangladesh started because of cultural, linguistic, and ethnic differences and economic disparity, deprivation, and exploitation perpetrated by the Pakistani rulers. The disillusionment of the people of Bangladesh with the state of Pakistan began early on. \r\n\r\n The decision of the central authorities in Pakistan to opt for Urdu as the only state language of the country militated against the emotions of the Bengali-speaking people, who constituted the majority in Pakistan. The then East Pakistan rose in protest, first in 1948 and then, in a more concerted form, in 1952. The death of a number of young men resulting from Police firing on demonstrators in Dhaka on 21 February 1952 proved to be the catalyst for what eventually became the nationalist struggle of the Bengali-speaking people of Pakistan. The frustration and resentment continued and culminated in a mass upsurge in 1969. There came a sudden change over in the government \u2013 Martial Law was re-imposed. Consequently, the general elections held throughout Pakistan in 1970 gave the people of Bangladesh a remarkable opportunity to claim their rightful place in national politics. But that hope was soon to prove illusory when the military establishment refused to transfer power. Instead on the night of 25 March 1971, they embarked on a systematic policy of repression and genocide. This prompted the declaration of independence of Bangladesh on 26 March 1971. \r\n\r\n The liberation of Bangladesh on 16 December 1971 after nine months of a sustained war ushered in a new period of hope for the people of the country The Constitution of Bangladesh was framed and came into effect on 16 December 1972. Bangladesh became a member of the UN on 17 September 1974. In January 1975, the system of government was changed to a one-party Presidential from on 15 August 1975, then-President late Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was killed by some elements in the armed forces along with most of his family members. In the chaotic condition that followed, several national leaders and cabinet members were also killed. It was against this backdrop that late President Ziaur Rahman was called upon to take over the affairs of the state on 7 November 1975. \r\n\r\n Late President Ziaur Rahman\u2019s life was cut short in May 1981 when he was assassinated in Chittagong by a section of military officers. A coup in March 1982 forced the elected government of BNP to step down. But soon the misuse of power and corruption of the military regime caused widespread disillusionment. A relentless struggle for restoring the democratic system was launched by the national political parties and alliances, which mobilized the masses and forced the autocratic regime to step down in December 1990. \r\n\r\n The BNP under the leadership of Begum Khaleda Zia was voted to the office through the general elections organized by a neutral caretaker government in February 1991. Within months of taking over the administration, Begum Zia undertook to take the country back to a parliamentary form of government. Fresh elections were organized in February 1996 for making the necessary amendment to the Constitution to facilitate the holding of elections under a neutral caretaker administration. Following the elections of June 1996, the Awami League formed a new government, and BNP took its place in parliament as the opposition. In the general election of October 2001, Begum Khaleda Zia led a four-party alliance to victory with a clear two-thirds majority in parliament. Later in the 9th Parliament Election on December 29, 2008, under the Leadership of present Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina her party Bangladesh Awami League led grand alliance won a landslide victory with 262 seats out of 299 in the National Parliament and followed by that took an oath to form a new government on January 06, 2009. \r\n\r\n The Constitution \r\n\r\n In less than a year after Bangladesh\u2019s victory in its War of Independence, the then Prime Minister, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman presented the nation with a Constitution which was secular in character and egalitarian in nature guaranteeing full fundamental rights to all citizens irrespective of religion, caste, creed, class, and sex. In 1991, all the political parties in the opposition opted for a parliamentary system of governance in place of the existing presidential system. \r\n\r\n In 1996 the provision of holding general elections in the country under a non-party neutral caretaker government was incorporated in the Constitution. This was designed to safeguard the franchise of the people. The Constitution of Bangladesh provides for three organs \u2013 the Executive, the Legislature, and the Judiciary \u2013 for ensuring accountability, transparency, and checks and balances of the government. All three organs function harmoniously. \r\n\r\n The Executive Branch of the Government \r\n\r\n Bangladesh switched to the parliamentary system of government in 1991. The President, elected by parliament, is the constitutional head of the Government and acts on the advice of the Prime Minister. At the initiative of the then Prime Minister, former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court Justice Shahabuddin Ahmed, held in high esteem as a neural non-party personality, was chosen as the President of the Republic. Justice Shahabuddin Ahmed was also the Acting President after the fall of the autocratic regime in December 1990 and had supervised the general elections in 1991. \r\n\r\n The Prime Minister, under the provision of the Constitution, is the Head of the Government. The Prime Minister presides over the cabinet, which is collectively responsible to Parliament. The business of the national government is carried out by various ministries and divisions, which together constitute the nerve center of the country\u2019s administration. Under these bodies lie several government agencies including departments, directorates, corporations, and other statutory bodies for executing government policies and decisions. \r\n\r\n The Legislature \r\n\r\n According to Article 65(1) of the Constitution, all legislative powers of the Republic have vested in Parliament called the Jatiya Sangsad comprising three hundred members directly elected from territorial constituencies. In addition, there are thirty reserved seats for women who are elected by an electoral college of the elected members. The Jatiya Sangsad has a tenure of five years and has to sit every two months. An elaborate committee system has been developed and bills introduced in parliament are referred to the committees for scrutiny. Contrary to the earlier practice, the concerned Minister is no longer the head of the committee, rather a Member of the Parliament heads a committee. \r\n\r\n The Prime Minister\u2019s question hour has been introduced which is televised live and the entire proceedings of the Parliament are directly relayed to provide the people an opportunity to form their own opinion without depending on any intermediary. The Prime Minister also appears before radio and television to answer questions from audiences and viewers on a wide range of subjects and on issues agitating the minds of the people. An institute of Parliamentary Practice has been set up to provide assistance to Members of Parliament in the discharge of their duties and responsibilities. \r\n\r\n The Judiciary \r\n\r\n The Government has been working for the separation of the judiciary from the executive with a view to ensuring the full independence of the judiciary. Under the present Government headed by Prime Minister Khaleda Zia, the country\u2019s judiciary enjoys full independence. The Supreme Court stands at the apex of the country\u2019s judiciary and acts as the guardian of the Constitution. It has two divisions \u2013 the Appellate Division and the High Court Division. The legal decisions of the Supreme Court are binding on all other courts. The judges of both the divisions of the Supreme Court are appointed by the president. There are subordinate courts of district and session judges which deal with civil and criminal suits. The government believes in the full freedom of the judiciary. Hence the judiciary discharges its duty and constitutional obligations freely and without any let or hindrance. \r\n\r\n A three-year project called \u201cJudicial and Legal Capacity Building\u201d with the objective of improvement of socio-economic condition, reforms of the legal system, modernization, and development of physical infrastructure of courts has been undertaken. The Government has constituted Legal Aid Committees, headed by District Judges in 61 districts, to provide legal assistance to the poor and destitute litigants. These district-level committees have been working under the National Legal Aid Committee. The Government is committed to protecting human rights. A Judicial Administration Training Institute has been formed to enhance the professional skill and standards of judicial personnel. A permanent Law Commission headed by a retired Chief Justice of Supreme Court has been constituted to update laws by suggesting necessary reforms. The Commission has already undertaken measures to recommend some new laws and re-frame some old ones. Considering the increasing number of pending cases in courts the Government has decided to set up village courts for settling litigation through negotiation called Alternative Dispute Resolution(ADR). The decision of setting up of village courts in line with local tradition is a very timely step. The Public Safety Act (PSA) has been framed for taking prompt punitive action against serious offenders of public peace and security as well as for maintaining general law and order. Special Courts have been set up for the trial of persons engaged in terrorist activities. There are also some special courts like Family Law Courts, Special Tribunals, and commercial and financial courts to deal with specific cases. \r\n\r\n Local Government \r\n\r\n The Parliament has passed the Village Council Bill and District Council Bill. Through a necessary amendment to the Union Council Act, for every three wards, one seat has been kept reserved for women. Besides the reserved seats, women are also eligible for contesting in the general seats. This has opened up new avenues and opportunities for women\u2019s empowerment and flourishing women\u2019s leadership at the grassroots level. Along with initiating appropriate reforms, the local Governing bodies have also been strengthened through various other measures. \r\n\r\n Foreign Policy \r\n\r\n The foreign policy of Bangladesh is based on the principle of \u201cFriendship with All and Malice to None\u201d. \r\n\r\n Bangladesh attaches great importance to her bilateral relations with her immediate neighbors like India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, and Sri Lanka. In order to consolidate relations, Bangladesh took the initiative to organize the South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation (SAARC) as early as 1985. Later on, Afghanistan also joined SAARC. Today SAARC plays an important part in the foreign policy of Bangladesh. \r\n\r\n Bangladesh also attaches importance to its relationship with countries that are members of the Organisation of Islamic Conference (OIC). She has developed deep relations with the USA, Canada, UK, and other countries of the EU and the Commonwealth of Nations. \r\n\r\n Since Bangladesh had been born out of a bloody war of liberation, her foreign policy is geared to oppose all forms of genocide and armed conflict. In all international fora, Bangladesh is a voice of moderation. In practical terms, she is one of the largest contributors to UN peacekeeping forces in the world. She has participated in many peace-keeping operations under the UN flag in many conflict zones around the globe. \r\n\r\n The foreign policy of Bangladesh largely reflects the democratic nature of her government, the free market economy she pursues, and the equitable nature of her society. All these help Bangladesh to be an engaging partner of developing countries, seeking peace and prosperity in the South Asia region and in the world. \r\n\r\n \r\n\t \r\n ","slug":"About-Bangladesh","publish_date":null,"archive_date":null,"publish":1,"is_right_side_bar":0,"site_id":2558,"created_at":"2021-11-08 12:37:05","updated_at":"2022-02-26 13:21:36","deleted_at":null,"created_by":11770,"updated_by":null,"deleted_by":null,"attachments":[],"image":null},"config":{"columns":[{"name":"title","displayName":"label.column.title","type":"text"},{"name":"body","displayName":"label.column.body","type":"html_text"},{"name":"attachments","displayName":"label.column.attachment","type":"file"},{"name":"image","displayName":"label.column.image","type":"image"}]},"content_type":{"id":16,"name":"\u09aa\u09be\u09a4\u09be","code":"Page","is_common":0,"icon":"icon-pencil-square-o","table_name":"Np\\Contents\\Models\\Page","status":1,"config":"{\r\n \"details\": {\r\n \"columns\": [\r\n {\r\n \"name\": \"title\",\r\n \"displayName\": \"label.column.title\",\r\n \"type\": \"text\"\r\n },\r\n {\r\n \"name\": \"body\",\r\n \"displayName\": \"label.column.body\",\r\n \"type\": \"html_text\"\r\n },\r\n {\r\n \"name\": \"attachments\",\r\n \"displayName\": \"label.column.attachment\",\r\n \"type\": \"file\"\r\n },\r\n {\r\n \"name\": \"image\",\r\n \"displayName\": \"label.column.image\",\r\n \"type\": \"image\"\r\n }\r\n ]\r\n }\r\n}","created_at":"2019-09-01 10:23:10","updated_at":"2021-08-05 08:55:07","deleted_at":null,"created_by":null,"updated_by":null,"deleted_by":null,"settings":[[]]},"title":""} --> About Bangladesh The national flag of Bangladesh

The National Flag is in bottle green and rectangular in size in the proportion of length to width 5:3 bearing a red circle on the body of the green, the red circle has a radius of one-fifth of the length of the flag. The background green symbolizes the greenery and the youthfulness. The red disc represents the rising sun of independence after the dark night of a blood-drenched struggle.

National Emblem of Bangladesh

The National Emblem comprises a floating shapla-Water lily over the represented water from the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers. The shapla is surrounded by a paddy-stalk on either side. Three inter-linked jute leaves, with two stars on each side of which, are on the top of the shapla.

Government Seal of Bangladesh

National anthem.

My Bengal of gold, I love you Forever your skies, your air set my heart in tune as if it were a flute. In spring, Oh mother mine, the fragrance from your mango groves makes me wild with joy Ah, what a thrill! What a quilt have you spread at the feet of banyan trees and along the banks of rivers! Oh mother mine, word from your lips are like Nectar to my ears! Ah, what a thrill! If sadness, Oh mother mine, casts a gloom on your face My eyes are filled with tears!

Geography and Population

Bangladesh lies between 20″34′ and 26″38′ North Latitude and 88″01′ and 92″41′ East Longitude with a total landmass of 1,47,570 square kilometers (56,977 sq. miles). Bangladesh is surrounded by India on the West, North, and Northeast, Myanmar on the Southeast, and the Bay of Bengal on the South. Bangladesh has a strategic location and acts as a bridge between South Asia and Southeast Asia. It has a population of 147 million people. In other words, it is roughly the size of New York State with half the entire population of the United States crammed into this area.

Topography

Most of Bangladesh is at low elevations and is divided into five physical regions: (I) the Ganges Delta to the Southwest, (II) the Paradelta to the Northwest, (III) the East Central plains and the Sylhet Hills in the Northeast, and (IV) the Chittagong region in the Southeast. Bangladesh is the largest deltaic region in the world. The Ganges Delta is geologically the most recent compared with other deltas. Mangrove forests thrive in the lower delta, which is flooded by fresh tidal waters. The soil base is new alluvium. The Sundarbans to the Southwest is the largest mangrove forest in the world. The Paradelta, like the delta proper, is a plain but its elevations are higher at 100 to 300 feet above sea level. Its soils are varied – silt and sandy clays and old alluvium. It lies between the Ganges and the (Brahmaputra) Jamuna Rivers.

The East Central plains, with the Meghna River almost at its center, consists of plains and active floodplains in which the main rivers, including the Brahmaputra, have altered their channels in the past. At the center of this plain lies Madhupur Forest, a former site for tiger hunting. To the Northeast is the Meghna depression, part of which is only 10 feet above sea level; during the rainy season, it turns into a huge lake, covering most of its 7,250 square kilometers (2,800 square miles) basin. Bangladesh is a riverine country and is crisscrossed by innumerable rivers, rivulets, and their tributaries.

Bangladesh has a tropical monsoon climate with heavy summer rain and high summer temperatures. Winters are dry and cool. South and Southwest winds dominate from mid-April to mid-October and bring enormous amounts of moisture from the Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal. 95% of the total rainfall, which averages about 80 inches (2,040 millimeters) occurs during that period. The temperatures range from an average of about 68 F (18C) in January to about 86 F (30C) in April.

Seasons

Bengali tradition divides the year into six seasons; Grishmo(summer), Barsha(rainy), Sarat(early autumn), Hemanta(late autumn), Sheet(winter) and Boshonto (spring). For practical purposes, however, four seasons are clearly distinguishable; Summer, Rainy, late Autumn (when harvesting takes place), and Winter. Rains begin in April accompanied by Norwester or ‘Kalbaishakhi’. It is then that farmers start tilling their land for an early crop. With the onset of monsoon in the first week of June heavy downpour starts, and the average temperature falls too low 80F. These heavy rains last for about two to three months causing floods and inundation of fields and riverbanks. The Winter is moderate while the Spring is mellow and pleasant.

Bio-diversity

Bangladesh enjoys a great bio-diversity in its flora and fauna. The flower “Shapla” (nympoea-nouchali) is the national emblem, Magpie Robin (Doel) is the national bird, while the Royal Bengal Tiger is the national animal of Bangladesh which abounds in the Sunderbans, recognized as a world heritage.

Building upon firm ethnological roots and an entrepreneurial spirit as well as innovative skills, the people of Bangladesh are creating a special niche for themselves on the global plank. Given the fascinating land with a variegated history and a rich cultural tapestry, the people are endowed with a native intellect, capacity for hard work, and resilience. Bangladeshis are simple, friendly, and hospitable in nature. With a 147 million population, Bangladesh ranks as the world’s 8th most populous country. It is also one of the most densely populated countries in the world. The birth rate in 2006 came down to 1.5% while the percentage of literacy rate is now over 60, the highest in South Asia after Sri Lanka. Life expectancy at birth is now over 62.4 according to the 2005 Census. The staple food of the people is rice, which is generally eaten with fish curry, and lentil. Most women in Bangladesh wear a “Sari”, and men “Lungi”. Bengalees descended from several racial and sub-racial groups entering South Asia over the past five thousand years. By and large, they are now a single homogenous race with one common language – Bangla.

The overwhelming majority of Bangladeshis are ethnic Bengalis, comprising 98% of the population. The remainder is mostly Biharis and indigenous tribal groups. There is also a small but growing population of Rohingya refugees from Burma around Cox’s Bazaar, which Bangladesh seeks to repatriate to Burma. The indigenous tribal peoples are concentrated in the Chittagong Hill Tracts in the southeast. There are 13 tribal groups located in this region, the largest being the Chakma. The Hill Tracts region has been a source of unrest and separatism since and before the inception of Bangladesh. Outside the Hill Tracts, the largest tribal groups are the Santhals and Garos (Achiks), while smaller groups include the Kaibartta, Meitei, Mundas, Oraons, and Zomi.

Nearly all Bangladeshis speak Bangla as their mother tongue and it is the official language. It is an Indo-Aryan language of Sanskrit origin with its own script. English is used as a second language among the middle and upper classes. English is also widely used in higher education and the legal system. Historically, laws were written in English and translated into Bengali until 1987 when the procedure was reversed. The Bihari population speaks Urdu, which was also the language associated with the government prior to separation from Pakistan.

Bangla, the official language, is spoken by more than 99 percent of the population but English is also generally understood and spoken particularly in urban areas. Bangla is one of the most extensively spoken languages in the world. Bengali script is derived directly from Gupta Brahmi script having a close affinity with Thai and Cambodian scripts. The origin of this script is generally traced to the 10th century AD. Bengali is a rich language capable of expressing the finest nuances of thought and feeling, a language that continuously mirrors the ever-changing play of life.

Bengalees passionately love their language. While under the neocolonial subjugation, the Bengalees on February 21, 1952, shed their blood for protecting and preserving their mother tongue from the encroachment of alien language. The day has been declared by UNESCO in 1999 as the International Mother Language Day to be observed all over the world in commemoration of the Bengali language movement. Bangla is rich in poetry, short story, novel, essay, and drama. Two major Bangla poets are Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore (1863-1941), and Bangladesh’s national poet Kazi Nazrul Islam (1899-1976). The latter’s birth centenary was celebrated in 2000 with great acclaim.

Islam is the predominant religion with over 88% adherents. Hindus comprise about 10% of the population. The rest are Buddhists, Christians, and animists. People are generally pious and keen on observing their respective religious rites and festivities with fervor. Bangladesh is a model of religious harmony and tolerance. Different religious communities and groups live in peace and the minorities are well represented in all tiers of society as well as in the government machinery.

Reflecting the long history of the region, Bangladesh has a culture that encompasses elements both old and new. The Bengali language boasts a rich literary heritage, which Bangladesh shares with the Indian state of West Bengal. The earliest literary text in Bengali is the 8th-century Charyapada. Medieval Bengali literature was often either religious (for example, Chandidas), or adapted from other languages (for example, Alaol). Bengali literature reached its full expression in the 19th century, with its greatest icons being poets Rabindranath Tagore, Michael Madhusudan Dutt, and Kazi Nazrul Islam. Bangladesh also has a long tradition in folk literature, for example, Maimansingha Gitika, Thakurmar Jhuli, and stories related to Gopal Bhar, Birbal, and Molla Nasiruddin.

The musical tradition of Bangladesh is lyrics-based (Baniprodhan), with minimal instrumental accompaniment. The Baul tradition is a distinctive element of Bengali folk music. Numerous other musical traditions exist including Gombhira, Bhatiali, and Bhawaiya, varying from one region to the next. Folk music is often accompanied by the ektara, an instrument with only one string. Other instruments include the dotara, dhol, flute, and tabla. Bangladesh also has an active heritage in North Indian classical music. Similarly, Bangladeshi dance forms draw from folk traditions, especially those of the tribal groups, as well as the broader Indian dance tradition.

Bangladesh produces about 80 films a year. Mainstream Hindi films are also quite popular. Around 200 daily newspapers are published in Bangladesh, along with more than 500 periodicals. However, regular readership is low at just under 15% of the population. Bangladeshis listen to a variety of local and national radio programs like Bangladesh Betar. Four private FM radio stations named (Radio Foorti, ABC Radio, Radio Today, Radio Amar) are popular among urban youths. International Bengali language broadcasts include BBC Bangla and Voice of America. The dominant television channel is the state-owned Bangladesh Television, but in the last few years, privately owned channels have developed considerably.

The culinary tradition of Bangladesh has close relations to nearby North-East Indian and Middle Eastern cuisine as well as having its own unique traits. Rice and fish are traditional favorites. Bangladeshis make distinctive sweetmeats from milk products, some common ones being Rôshogolla, Rasmalai|Rôshomalai,chômchôm and kalojam.

The sari (shaŗi) is by far the most widely worn dress by Bangladeshi women. A guild of weavers in Dhaka is renowned for producing saris from exquisite Jamdani muslin. The salwar kameez (shaloar kamiz) is also quite popular, and in urban areas, some women wear western attire. Among men, western attire is more widely adopted. Men also wear the kurta-pajama combination, often on religious occasions, and the lungi, a kind of long skirt for men.

Eid ul-Fitr and Eid ul-Adha, being the most important holidays in the Islamic calendar, are the subject of major festivals. The day before Eid ul-Fitr is called Chãd Rat(the night of the moon) and is often celebrated with firecrackers. Eid ul-Adha is celebrated in memory of the great sacrifice of Prophet Abraham. Major Hindu festivals are Durga Puja, Kali Puja and Saraswati Puja. Buddha Purnima, which marks the birth of Gautama Buddha, and Christmas, called Bôŗodin (Great day), are both national holidays. The most important secular festival is Pohela Baishakh or Bengali New Year, the beginning of the Bengali calendar. Other festivities include Nobanno, Poush pardon (festival of Poush), and observance of national days like Shohid Dibosh and Victory Day.

The standard time of Bangladesh is 6 hours ahead of GMT. Friday and Saturday are weekly government holidays while private offices and enterprises observe Friday as the weekly day-off and remain open on Saturday. Office hours are from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.

Bangladesh is usually called a comparatively new nation in an ancient land. It emerged as an independent country through a sanguinary and protracted War of Liberation at the cost of immense sacrifices. The history of the country is as old as it is eventful. Bangladesh was famed in ancient times as a land of bounty and affluence. Etymologically the word Bangladesh is derived from the cognate Banga, which was first mentioned in the Hindu scripture Oitery Araanyk composed between 5000 BC and 500 AD. Bangladesh is the largest wetland in the world formed by the interaction of innumerable rivers and streams; its configuration was determined and is continuously changed by these water bodies. Geological evidence indicates that much of Bangladesh was formed 1 to 6.5 million years ago during the tertiary era. Human habitation in the region is believed to be very old with its roots in the Paleolithic civilization dating back to about one hundred thousand (1,00,000) years. In the ancient age, an Austro-Asian race first inhabited the region. Then came the Dravidians from Western India and later the Aryans from Central Asia. Then followed the influx of the Mongolians, Persians, Turks, and Afghans. The mighty Gangaridai and Prasioi empires were located in Bengal. According to Greek sources of 4th century BC, the people of this deltaic region made extensive military preparations to halt the march of Alexander the Great, had he chosen to continue his Eastward advancement.

Later records, inscriptions, coins, and ornaments testify to the tradition of rich heritage and civilization indicating the glorious past of Bangladesh. Because of its strategic location, Bangladesh since time immemorial served as a flourishing entry-port and intermediary in trade and commerce between South Asia and the Far East. The influence of Bengal spread far and wide and the region played a seminal role in disseminating its rich heritage and tradition, art and architecture, culture, and learning in the wider continent of Asia and beyond. History recorded that Mauryas (4th to 2nd centuries BC), the Guptas (4th to 5th century AD), the empire of Sasanka (7th century AD), the Pala dynasty (750-1162 AD), and the Senas (1162 to 1223 AD) successively held their sway here. Then followed a long chain of Muslim rule (till 1757) when this region reached the zenith of economic affluence. In fact, had there been no British conquest in 1757 Bengal would have been the first country in Asia to achieve the industrial revolution because of its excellence in the finest fabrics. The British rule, which started from Bengal, was subsequently extended to the whole of the sub-continent. When the British left the subcontinent was partitioned into two countries-India and Pakistan. Bangladesh formed the Eastern Wing of Pakistan. Though numerically in the majority, the Bengalees were treated unjustly, and very soon the movement for the autonomy of Bangladesh started because of cultural, linguistic, and ethnic differences and economic disparity, deprivation, and exploitation perpetrated by the Pakistani rulers. The disillusionment of the people of Bangladesh with the state of Pakistan began early on.

The decision of the central authorities in Pakistan to opt for Urdu as the only state language of the country militated against the emotions of the Bengali-speaking people, who constituted the majority in Pakistan. The then East Pakistan rose in protest, first in 1948 and then, in a more concerted form, in 1952. The death of a number of young men resulting from Police firing on demonstrators in Dhaka on 21 February 1952 proved to be the catalyst for what eventually became the nationalist struggle of the Bengali-speaking people of Pakistan. The frustration and resentment continued and culminated in a mass upsurge in 1969. There came a sudden change over in the government – Martial Law was re-imposed. Consequently, the general elections held throughout Pakistan in 1970 gave the people of Bangladesh a remarkable opportunity to claim their rightful place in national politics. But that hope was soon to prove illusory when the military establishment refused to transfer power. Instead on the night of 25 March 1971, they embarked on a systematic policy of repression and genocide. This prompted the declaration of independence of Bangladesh on 26 March 1971.

The liberation of Bangladesh on 16 December 1971 after nine months of a sustained war ushered in a new period of hope for the people of the country The Constitution of Bangladesh was framed and came into effect on 16 December 1972. Bangladesh became a member of the UN on 17 September 1974. In January 1975, the system of government was changed to a one-party Presidential from on 15 August 1975, then-President late Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was killed by some elements in the armed forces along with most of his family members. In the chaotic condition that followed, several national leaders and cabinet members were also killed. It was against this backdrop that late President Ziaur Rahman was called upon to take over the affairs of the state on 7 November 1975.

Late President Ziaur Rahman’s life was cut short in May 1981 when he was assassinated in Chittagong by a section of military officers. A coup in March 1982 forced the elected government of BNP to step down. But soon the misuse of power and corruption of the military regime caused widespread disillusionment. A relentless struggle for restoring the democratic system was launched by the national political parties and alliances, which mobilized the masses and forced the autocratic regime to step down in December 1990.

The BNP under the leadership of Begum Khaleda Zia was voted to the office through the general elections organized by a neutral caretaker government in February 1991. Within months of taking over the administration, Begum Zia undertook to take the country back to a parliamentary form of government. Fresh elections were organized in February 1996 for making the necessary amendment to the Constitution to facilitate the holding of elections under a neutral caretaker administration. Following the elections of June 1996, the Awami League formed a new government, and BNP took its place in parliament as the opposition. In the general election of October 2001, Begum Khaleda Zia led a four-party alliance to victory with a clear two-thirds majority in parliament. Later in the 9th Parliament Election on December 29, 2008, under the Leadership of present Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina her party Bangladesh Awami League led grand alliance won a landslide victory with 262 seats out of 299 in the National Parliament and followed by that took an oath to form a new government on January 06, 2009.

The Constitution

In less than a year after Bangladesh’s victory in its War of Independence, the then Prime Minister, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman presented the nation with a Constitution which was secular in character and egalitarian in nature guaranteeing full fundamental rights to all citizens irrespective of religion, caste, creed, class, and sex. In 1991, all the political parties in the opposition opted for a parliamentary system of governance in place of the existing presidential system.

In 1996 the provision of holding general elections in the country under a non-party neutral caretaker government was incorporated in the Constitution. This was designed to safeguard the franchise of the people. The Constitution of Bangladesh provides for three organs – the Executive, the Legislature, and the Judiciary – for ensuring accountability, transparency, and checks and balances of the government. All three organs function harmoniously.

The Executive Branch of the Government

Bangladesh switched to the parliamentary system of government in 1991. The President, elected by parliament, is the constitutional head of the Government and acts on the advice of the Prime Minister. At the initiative of the then Prime Minister, former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court Justice Shahabuddin Ahmed, held in high esteem as a neural non-party personality, was chosen as the President of the Republic. Justice Shahabuddin Ahmed was also the Acting President after the fall of the autocratic regime in December 1990 and had supervised the general elections in 1991.

The Prime Minister, under the provision of the Constitution, is the Head of the Government. The Prime Minister presides over the cabinet, which is collectively responsible to Parliament. The business of the national government is carried out by various ministries and divisions, which together constitute the nerve center of the country’s administration. Under these bodies lie several government agencies including departments, directorates, corporations, and other statutory bodies for executing government policies and decisions.

The Legislature

According to Article 65(1) of the Constitution, all legislative powers of the Republic have vested in Parliament called the Jatiya Sangsad comprising three hundred members directly elected from territorial constituencies. In addition, there are thirty reserved seats for women who are elected by an electoral college of the elected members. The Jatiya Sangsad has a tenure of five years and has to sit every two months. An elaborate committee system has been developed and bills introduced in parliament are referred to the committees for scrutiny. Contrary to the earlier practice, the concerned Minister is no longer the head of the committee, rather a Member of the Parliament heads a committee.

The Prime Minister’s question hour has been introduced which is televised live and the entire proceedings of the Parliament are directly relayed to provide the people an opportunity to form their own opinion without depending on any intermediary. The Prime Minister also appears before radio and television to answer questions from audiences and viewers on a wide range of subjects and on issues agitating the minds of the people. An institute of Parliamentary Practice has been set up to provide assistance to Members of Parliament in the discharge of their duties and responsibilities.

The Judiciary

The Government has been working for the separation of the judiciary from the executive with a view to ensuring the full independence of the judiciary. Under the present Government headed by Prime Minister Khaleda Zia, the country’s judiciary enjoys full independence. The Supreme Court stands at the apex of the country’s judiciary and acts as the guardian of the Constitution. It has two divisions – the Appellate Division and the High Court Division. The legal decisions of the Supreme Court are binding on all other courts. The judges of both the divisions of the Supreme Court are appointed by the president. There are subordinate courts of district and session judges which deal with civil and criminal suits. The government believes in the full freedom of the judiciary. Hence the judiciary discharges its duty and constitutional obligations freely and without any let or hindrance.

A three-year project called “Judicial and Legal Capacity Building” with the objective of improvement of socio-economic condition, reforms of the legal system, modernization, and development of physical infrastructure of courts has been undertaken. The Government has constituted Legal Aid Committees, headed by District Judges in 61 districts, to provide legal assistance to the poor and destitute litigants. These district-level committees have been working under the National Legal Aid Committee. The Government is committed to protecting human rights. A Judicial Administration Training Institute has been formed to enhance the professional skill and standards of judicial personnel. A permanent Law Commission headed by a retired Chief Justice of Supreme Court has been constituted to update laws by suggesting necessary reforms. The Commission has already undertaken measures to recommend some new laws and re-frame some old ones. Considering the increasing number of pending cases in courts the Government has decided to set up village courts for settling litigation through negotiation called Alternative Dispute Resolution(ADR). The decision of setting up of village courts in line with local tradition is a very timely step. The Public Safety Act (PSA) has been framed for taking prompt punitive action against serious offenders of public peace and security as well as for maintaining general law and order. Special Courts have been set up for the trial of persons engaged in terrorist activities. There are also some special courts like Family Law Courts, Special Tribunals, and commercial and financial courts to deal with specific cases.

Local Government

The Parliament has passed the Village Council Bill and District Council Bill. Through a necessary amendment to the Union Council Act, for every three wards, one seat has been kept reserved for women. Besides the reserved seats, women are also eligible for contesting in the general seats. This has opened up new avenues and opportunities for women’s empowerment and flourishing women’s leadership at the grassroots level. Along with initiating appropriate reforms, the local Governing bodies have also been strengthened through various other measures.

Foreign Policy

The foreign policy of Bangladesh is based on the principle of “Friendship with All and Malice to None”.

Bangladesh attaches great importance to her bilateral relations with her immediate neighbors like India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, and Sri Lanka. In order to consolidate relations, Bangladesh took the initiative to organize the South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation (SAARC) as early as 1985. Later on, Afghanistan also joined SAARC. Today SAARC plays an important part in the foreign policy of Bangladesh.

Bangladesh also attaches importance to its relationship with countries that are members of the Organisation of Islamic Conference (OIC). She has developed deep relations with the USA, Canada, UK, and other countries of the EU and the Commonwealth of Nations.

Since Bangladesh had been born out of a bloody war of liberation, her foreign policy is geared to oppose all forms of genocide and armed conflict. In all international fora, Bangladesh is a voice of moderation. In practical terms, she is one of the largest contributors to UN peacekeeping forces in the world. She has participated in many peace-keeping operations under the UN flag in many conflict zones around the globe.

The foreign policy of Bangladesh largely reflects the democratic nature of her government, the free market economy she pursues, and the equitable nature of her society. All these help Bangladesh to be an engaging partner of developing countries, seeking peace and prosperity in the South Asia region and in the world.

Bengali Essays | বাংলা রচনা | Bangla Rachona | Bangla Essays

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জাতীয় পতাকা - বাংলা রচনা | bengali essay on national flag | bangla paragraph writing for class iii - vi.

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Essay on National Flag of India for Students and Children

500 words essay on national flag of india.

A flag is the most important symbol of a country. Similarly, the national flag of India is a symbol of paramount significance for India. The national flag of India is a symbol of honour, patriotism, and freedom for the country. It represents the unity of the people of India in spite of the differences in language, culture, religion, class, etc. Most noteworthy, the Indian flag is a horizontal rectangular tricolour. Furthermore, the flag of India consists of saffron, white, and green.

History of the National Flag of India

The proposal of the flag to the Indian National Congress was made by Mahatma Gandh i in 1921. Furthermore, the flag was designed by Pingali Venkayya. In the centre of the flag was a traditional spinning wheel. Then a modification of the design took place to include a white stripe in the centre. This modification took place for other religious communities and also to create a background for the spinning wheel.

To avoid the sectarian associations with the colour scheme, the experts chose three colours. Most noteworthy, these three colours were saffron, white, and green. The colour saffron represents courage and sacrifice. Furthermore, the colour white denotes peace and truth. Moreover, the colour green symbolizes faith and chivalry.

A specially constituted Constituent Assembly, a few days before the independence, made an important decision. Furthermore, this decision was that the Indian flag must be acceptable to all communities and parties. Nevertheless, there was no change in the colours of the flag of India. However, there was replacement of the charkha by the Asoka chakra. Moreover, this Asoka chakra represents the eternal wheel of law.

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Display of the National Flag of India

The rules say that when two flags are fully spread out horizontally on a wall behind a podium, their hoists must be towards each other. Furthermore, the saffron stripes should be uppermost. When the flag display is on a short flagpole, then the mounting should be at an angle to the wall. Moreover, the angle is such that the flag is draped tastefully from it. When flags display occurs on crossed staffs, then hoist should be towards each other.

One must never use the national flag of India to cover tables, lecterns, podiums or buildings. When the display of the flag takes place indoors, then it must always be on the right. This is because; right is the position of authority. Furthermore, the flag must always be on the speaker’s right hand, when the display of flag occurs next to a speaker. Most noteworthy, whenever the display of flag takes place, it should be completely spread out.

In conclusion, the national flag of India is the pride of our nation. Furthermore, the flag of India represents the sovereignty of the country. Most noteworthy, it is a moment of sheer proudness and happiness for every Indian to watch the national flag flying. The national flag of India certainly deserves the utmost respect of every citizen of India.

FAQ on Essay on National Flag of India

Q1 What are the three colours of the national flag of India?

A1 The three colours of the national flag of India are saffron, white, and green.

Q2 What does the colour saffron represents in the national flag of India?

A2 The colour saffron in the national flag of India represents courage and sacrifice.

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Indian Flag Essay

The Indian National Flag is a symbol of India’s freedom and its integrity. It symbolizes that the nation is governed by its own people, without any foreign interference. Prideful display of the flag demarcates Indian territories and act as a warning to the invaders. National Flag of India is a rectangular Tricolor with three horizontal stripes of saffron, white and green, from top to bottom respectively.

In the middle of the white stripe there is an impression of Ashoka Wheel of Ashoka Chakra printed in blue. The Flag is based on Swaraj Flag designed by Pingali Venkayya. Saffron represents courage and sacrifice, white is a symbol of peace and green represents fertility and prosperity. Tricolor display is governed by the Flag code of India and any act of dishonor to the National Flag is a punishable offence.

Long and Short Essay on National Flag of India in English

The National flag of India is a symbol of honour and freedom for the country. It is of great significance to us. We should respect and know everything about our national flag.

Here we have provided some simple long and short essay on Indian National Flag. These Indian National Flag Essay are written in simple language so that they could be easily memorized and presented whenever needed.

After going through the essays you would know the history of our National flag as well as its significance in keeping the nation united.

You can select any of the below given essays and present it in speech, debates of essay writing competitions in your school or college.

National Flag of India Essay 1 (100 Words)

India is our country and our National Flag is very important for all of us. Our national flag is the symbol of unity for the people of different religions living here. We should honour and respect our country and its national flag. It is very necessary for every independent country to have a national flag. Our national flag is tricolour so also called as Tiranga. The topmost colour of our national flag is saffron, middle one is white and lowermost color is green colour. The middle strip of white colour contains a navy blue Ashok Chakra having 24 equally divided spokes.

National Flag of India Essay 2 (150 Words)

National flag is our unique identity of being a citizen of an independent nation. Every independent nation has its unique flag. Our national flag is a symbol of unity and freedom. The national flag is hoisted on every national occasion by the government official however Indian citizens are also allowed to fly the national flag on some occasions.

It is hoisted in the government offices, schools and other educational institutions on the occasions of Republic Day , Independence Day and other national events. Indian national flag was first time adopted on July 22 nd in 1947. Our national flag is a beautifully designed tricolour flag, also known as Tiranga. It is made up of hand-made Khadi clothes. It is completely restricted to make the Indian flag using clothes other than the Khadi. The topmost colour of national flag is saffron, middle white and lower deep green. Saffron colour symbolizes sacrifice and selflessness, white colour truth and purity and green youth and energy.

National Flag of India Essay 3 (200 Words)

The national flag of India was adopted on 22 nd of July in 1947 some days after the independence of India on 15 th of August, 1947 from the British rule. The Indian national flag contains three colours and thus also called as the Tiranga. The uppermost saffron colour indicates sacrifice and selflessness, middle white colour indicates truth, peace and purity and lowermost green colour indicates youth and energy. The middle white colour contains a navy blue colour Ashoka Chakra which has 24 equal spokes. Our national flag is a symbol of freedom, pride, unity and honour. Ashok Chakra indicates real victory of honesty and justice.

Our national flag teaches us the lesson of unity, peace and humanity. It helps us to believe in the truth and unity. It is hoisted every year by the Indian prime Minister of India on 15 th of August and by the President of India on 26 th of January. However, it is hoisted by both of them at Red Fort followed by address to people of India. Our national flag is made up of khadi clothe, a hand-made clothe initiated by the Mahatma Gandhi. It is strictly prohibited in our country to fly a national flag made up of clothe other than Khadi.

National Flag of India Essay 4 (250 Words)

India got independence after long years of struggle of more than thousands brave Indian freedom fighters. India got freedom on 15 th of August in 1947 from the British rule. Some days before the independence of India, the national flag of India was adopted on 22 nd of July in 1947 (in the meeting of constituent assembly) as a symbol of unity and great triumph. Our national is tricolour so called Tiranga Zanda. Our national flag is courage and inspiration for us. It makes us remember about the sacrifices of our great Indian freedom fighters. It makes us remember that how tough that moment was for them. Getting freedom was not so easy. We should always respect our flag and never let it go down for our motherland.

Our national flag is horizontally designed using tricolour strips of saffron, white and green. The middle white portion has navy blue Ashok Chakra with 24 spokes. All the three colours, Ashok Chakra and 24 spokes have their own meaning and significance. The uppermost Saffron colour symbolizes the devotion and renunciation. The middle white color indicates the peace and harmony. And the lowermost green colour indicates youth and energy. However, the Ashoka Chakra (means Wheel of Ashoka) symbolizes the peace and courageousness.

Our national flag is made up of khadi clothe which is a special hand-spun cloth initiated by the Mahatma Gandhi. All the manufacturing processes and designing specifications are handled by the Bureau of Indian Standards. It is strictly forbidden in our country to use the flag made up of other clothes instead of Khadi.

National Flag of India Essay 5 (300 Words)

Our national flag is also called as the Tiranga Jhanda as it has three colours. It contains tricolour horizontal stripes of uppermost saffron, middle white and lowermost green. The middle one white strip contains a navy blue Ashoka Chakra (also called Dharma Chakra) in its centre. The present time Indian national flag was first officially adopted in the Constituent Assembly meeting on 22 nd of July in 1947. The ratio of length and width of the Indian flag is 3:2.

Prevention of Improper Use Act, 1950 and Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971 both, governs the use and display of national flag. Flag Code of India was established in 2002 to govern all the laws, practices conventions, and instructions to respect and honour the Indian flag. The Indian national flag was first proposed by the Mahatma Gandhi in 1921 to the Indian National Congress. Our national flag was first designed by the Pingali Venkayya. It is considered that the saffron and green strip was decided to honour both religions like Hindu and Muslim. Later a white strip was added in the middle with a spinning wheel in the centre to symbolize the respect to other religions.

Before the independence of India, various Indian flags were designed to precede the Indian Independence Movement to get freedom from the British rulers. Finally the present design of the national was officially adopted. Earlier the display of national flag was prohibited by the common public and it was only displayed by the government officials during any national event however later it was allowed to the common public to display the national flag to their own premises. It is a symbol of unity and honour to our motherland, so we all should always respect our national flag and never let its honour go down.

National Flag of India Essay 6 (400 Words)

The National Flag of India is also known as the Tiranga Jhanda. It was first officially adopted during the meeting of Constituent Assembly on July 22 nd in 1947. It was adopted 24 days before the independence of India from British rule. It was designed by the Pingali Venkayya. It was so designed in horizontal shape having three colours of saffron, white and green in equivalent proportions. The upper saffron colour, white middle, lower dark green colours. Our national flag contains 2:3 ratio of width and length. In the centre a navy blue wheel having 24 spokes is designed in the middle white strip. Ashoka Chakra was taken from the pillar of the Ashok, Sarnath (Lion Capital of Ashoka).

Our national flag is of great significance to all of us. All the colours, strips, wheel and clothe used in the flag have their special significance. Flag code of India decides the use and display of national flag. Till 52 years after the independence of India, national flag was not allowed to display by the people however later the rule was altered (according to the flag code 26 th January 2002) to use flag at homes, offices and factories on any special occasion. National Flag is hoisted on the national occasions like Republic day, Independence day, etc. It is also displayed in the schools and educational institutions (colleges, universities, sports camps, scout camps, etc) to inspire the students for honouring and respecting the Indian Flag.

Students take an oath and sing national anthem while unfurling the national flag in the schools and colleges. Public and private organization members may also hoist the flag on any occasions, ceremonial event, etc. It is restricted to display the national flag for any communal or personal gains. Nobody is allowed to display the flag made of other clothes otherwise it is a punishment of imprisonment and fine. National Flag can be flown from morning till evening (sunrise to sunset) in any weather. It is prohibited to intentionally dishonour the national flag or touch it to the ground, floor or trail in water. It should not be used to cover the top, bottom, sides or back of any vehicle, like car, boat, trains, or aircraft. On flag other than the Indian should be displayed at higher level.

Essay on Importance of National Flag of India – Essay 7 (600 Words)

Introduction

National Flag of India, fondly known as Tiranga, is the nation’s pride. It is an important and integral part of the Republic of India. It represents the sovereignty of the country and is respected by its citizens. It is flown on all the government buildings in India. It is a ritual to hoist the national flag of India on national festivals such as Independence Day, Republic Day and Gandhi Jayanti.

Importance of the Indian National Flag

The National Flag of India reflects its culture, civilization and history. The flag flowing in the air is a symbol of freedom. It reminds the Indian citizens of the sacrifices made by the freedom fighters to free our country from the tyranny of the British. It also inspires them to be humble and value the freedom and independence they have attained after much struggle.

The Indian national flag is referred to as Tiranga as it consists of three colours -Saffron, White and Green. The saffron colour on the top symbolizes indifference which means our leaders must remain indifferent towards materialistic things. Serving the nation should be on the top of their priority list and they must do their work selflessly. The white colour in the middle represents truth and purity which means we must always follow the path of truth and right conduct. The green colour at the bottom symbolizes soil and nature and reminds us to stay grounded to our roots.

The Ashoka Chakra printed in the middle of the flag on the white portion is a symbol of the law of Dharma. It means that Dharma or virtue must be the main guiding principles of those who serve the nation. It is also a symbol of motion and inspires to keep moving in life irrespective of the challenges and hardships.

History of the Indian National Flag

It was Mahatma Gandhi who came up with the idea of a flag for the Indian National Congress in the year 1921 when the struggle for Indian independence was still going on. The flag had a spinning wheel printed in the middle as it symbolized Bapu’s goal of making the citizens of India self-reliant by spinning and fabricating clothes. The design of the flag evolved and improvised with time. On India’s independence, the flag was modified further and the spinning wheel was replaced by the Ashoka Chakra that is the eternal wheel of law.

Code of Indian National Flag

The citizens of India are expected to respect and keep the honour of the national flag of the country. A set of rules have been put in place against the mistreatment of the national flag. Some of these are as follows:

Flying the Tiranga made of any material other than Khadi or hand-spun cloth is punishable by law.
The flag can be carried during processions but must be borne only on the right shoulder of the bearer. Secondly, it must always be carried in front of the procession.
The flag must always be held high and not lowered before anything.
No other flag can be placed above the Tri-colour neither can it be placed to its right.
Whenever the flag is in a moving column, the people present must stand in attention position and pay respect by saluting as it passes them.
The flag must be flown at half mast to signify mourning. It is flown half mast across the nation in case of death of President, Vice-president and Prime Minister during their duty period.

Our National Flag is our pride. We must uphold its dignity even if it is at the cost of our lives. It must always flow high as it is a symbol of the freedom that was earned after years of struggle and sacrifices.

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Paragraph on National Flag of India in English

Table of Contents

Paragraph on National Flag of India: The National flag of India, also called the Tiranga, comprises of three colours –saffron, white and green. There is an Ashoka Chakra at the centre with 24 spokes. Our National Flag is of great importance to us. It is a symbol of sovereign India.

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Long and Short Paragraphs on National Flag of India in English

You will find below paragraph on National Flag of India in both short and long formats. We hope these National Flag of India paragraphs will help students in completing their school assignments. These will also help children to write and read out paragraphs with simple words and small sentences. Students can select any of the paragraph on National Flag of India according to their particular requirement.

Short Paragraph on National Flag of India 100 words

The National Flag of India is tri-colour flag with saffron , white and green colour . It has the saffron colour on the top, white in the centre and green at the bottom with equal width and length. Ashoka Chakra is imprinted in the centre with twenty-four spokes equally spaced. It is in navy blue colour. The flag is made of Khadi. The design of the flag was adopted in its current form on 22 July 1947 in a meeting held by the constituent assembly. It became the National flag of Independent India on 15 th August 1947.

The Indian National Flag is also referred to as Tiranga . Indians hold high regard for their flag. The honour of the flag must be protected at any cost.

Paragraph on Importance of National Flag 150 words

National flag of India is rectangular and horizontal in shape with the three colour bands of saffron, white and dark green spaced equally, with Ashoka Chakra in navy blue colour in the centre. The saffron colour is the symbol of Hinduism which indicates courage and sacrifice, white colour indicates peace and truth and green colour indicates fertility and growth. The navy blue chakra in the centre is the colour for ocean and sky. It is due to the sacrifice and courage that we have achieved freedom and with truth and purity we can achieve growth and progress.

The National Flag of Independent India was first adopted on 22 July 1947 by constituent assembly. The flag is the pride of the country and represents its sovereignty. It reminds us of the sacrifices made by our freedom fighters for the freedom of the country. It is the symbol of honour and unity. It is our duty to sustain its pride and glory by all means.

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Paragraph on National Flag of India Colours and their Meaning 200 words

National flag of India is a tricolour flag of saffron, white and green colour in a horizontal rectangular shape, with a 24 spoke Ashok Chakra in navy blue colour at its centre. In India, “tricolour” refers to our national flag also popular as “Tiranga” in Hindi. The flag is designed by Pingali Venkayya and is made of khadi, hand spun fabric, made popular in India by Mahatma Gandhi.

The colours of our national flag have a deep philosophical meaning. In our National Flag the saffron colour on the top stands for sacrifice and renunciation and indicates courage and strength, the white colour in the middle indicates peace and truth with Dharma Chakra in the centre, and the green colour indicates growth, fertility and auspiciousness of the land of the country.

The Ashok Chakra is the Dharma Chakra with 24 strokes spaced equally. The initial twelve spokes of the Chakra symbolize the 12 stages of suffering and the next 12 spokes symbolize no cause no effect. The total 24 spokes in the chakra also represent dharma and the symbolism of the three colours of flag is based on the secular principles of our country. The saffron stands for Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism, white colour stands for Christianity and green represents Islam.

The Indian National Flag depicts the union of all religious philosophies and the uprightness and tolerance is depicted by Ashok Chakra in the centre. The National Flag represents the concept of secularism.

Paragraph on History of National Flag 250 words

The National Flag of India represents our long struggle for freedom. It depicts the status of our country as Independent Republic.

How the Indian National Flag Evolved?

The first flag of India came into existence between 1904 and 1906. It was made by Sister Nivedita. It comprised red colour that signified freedom struggle and yellow colour that signified victory. The phrase “Bonde Matoram” was written on it in Bengali. It also contained ‘Vajra’ the symbol of strength and ‘Indra’ that depicted purity. In 1906 a new flag was designed. A tricolour flag with three equal strips i.e. blue on the top, yellow in the middle and red at the bottom.

A new flag by Madam Bhikhaji Cama was unfurled by Madam Cama at Stuttgart, Germany on 22 August 1907. The flag comprised of three colours, green on the top, golden saffron in middle and then red.

In 1921 a new flag was designed. It was tricolour, with white on the top that symbolized community of minority, green in the middle symbolized Muslims and red at the bottom represented Hindus. In 1931, a new flag was designed by Pingali Venkayya with three colors. Saffron colour at the top, white in the middle and the bottom was green with charkha in the middle.

In 1947, when India got Independence, the flag of 1931 was adopted as the National Flag of India but the ‘charkha’ was replaced by ‘chakra’ in the centre. The present design of the flag was adopted at the meeting of constitutional assembly on 22 nd July 1947.

Paragraph on National Flag and Freedom Fighters 300 words

Indian freedom fighters fought for the independence of our country. They loved their country and the countrymen and had a high regard for the Indian National Flag. The British had introduced a National Flag for British India after the revolt of 1857.

Indian National Flag and Freedom Fighters

Our freedom fighters did not like it as it was quite like the flag introduced by the British. They introduced a new flag referred to as the Vande Mataram flag in 1905. This flag represented our nation and was a part of the Swadeshi Movement. This was a tri colour flag however it was quite different from our present day national flag.

It had three bands – Green, Yellow and Red. The green on the top had eight white lotuses on it that represented eight provinces of the country. The yellow band in the middle had Vande Mataram written on it and the red band at the bottom had a sun and a crescent on it.

Gandhiji later suggested a flag representing both Hindus and Muslims and the charkha that he gave high importance to. The charkha on the flag was a symbol of being self reliant and boycotting the British goods. The flag was held high during various freedom movements. The freedom fighters of our country rallied around with this flag during various freedom movements and protests.

Later, around a month before the independence of our country few prominent freedom fighters made a committee and finalised the national flag of our country – our Tiranga. This committee included freedom fighters such as Sarojini Naidu, K.M. Minshi and B.R. Ambedkar and was headed by Rajendra Prasad.

The Indian freedom fighters along with the other citizens of India pledged to respect the Indian National flag and protect its dignity at all costs. The Indian National Flag reminds us of our freedom fighters and the sacrifices they made to free the country from the clutches of the British rule.

Paragraph on National Flag and Freedom Struggle 350 words

Our national flag is of utmost importance for us. We must respect and honour our national flag and keep it flying high. It is a symbol of our country’s sovereignty. Our national flag played an important role during the freedom struggle. It was a symbol of unity and strength for the citizens of our country.

National Flag in Colonised India

Different Indian states used different flags to represent their state before the British rule. It was the British who came up with the idea of a single flag for the country to represent the nation. However, the flag introduced by them was completely different from our respected Tiranga. It was much on the lines of the Canadian and Australian flags.

National Flag during Freedom Struggle

A new flag representing the Indian Independence Movement was introduced after the partition of Bengal in 1905. This was a symbol of unity among all the castes in the country. Many new flags were proposed and adopted during the next few years.

In April 1921, Mahatma Gandhi suggested a flag with a spinning wheel or charkha at the centre. Pingali Venkayya was given the task to design this flag. It had three colours – red, white and green and a charkha imprinted on it. The red colour symbolised Hindus and green signified Muslims. The flag was a symbol of unity among Hindus and Muslims in India. This became the flag of the Indian National Congress.

In June 1947, a committee was formed to select a flag for independent India and it was decided to make certain modifications in the Indian National Congress flag and adopt it as the National Flag of India. The tri-colour flag chosen for Independent India had three bands Saffron on top, white in the middle and green at the bottom. The charkha was replaced by the Ashoka Chakra. This is how the Indian National Flag came into existence.

The Indian National Flag was hoisted by Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru on 15 th August 1947 as India got independence. It flies high on all the government buildings in the country since then. Our National flag is hoisted at various places on our national festivals and it reminds us of the sacrifices of the people during the freedom struggle.

Paragraph on National Flag and Flag Hoisting in India 400 words

The Flag of The Republic of India is horizontal tri-colour flag of saffron, white and green colour. The saffron colour on the top signifies patriotism and sacrifice, the white colour in the middle stands for purity of thoughts and truth in words and actions and the green colour signifies life and prosperity. The Asoka Chakra in the centre with 24 spokes stands for progress. The Chakra also symbolizes Dharma.

Code for Hoisting the Indian National Flag

Given below are the rules mentioned in the flag code of India that should be followed while hoisting the flag:

The National flag of India should be hoisted upright with the saffron strip on the top in horizontal display. It should never be hoisted upside down.
When the flag is displayed indoors in public gatherings, it should be on the right side and on the observers left side as this is the position of authority, and it should be on the right hand side of the speaker. When displayed elsewhere it should be to the right side of the audience.
When the national flag is carried in a parade with other flags, it should be on the right or in the front at the centre. National flag should never be dipped to a thing or a person. During the ceremony of flag hoisting or when the flag is passing in a parade, people present should stand in attention and face the flag. The flag salutation must be followed by the singing of national anthem.
The flag should not be used as clothing or drapery.
The National flag pole should be positioned at the highest point of the building.
As a sign of mourning, flag should be flown at half-mast. It must be first raised to the top and then slowly brought down. The time period of such mourning and decision to do so lies with president of India.
On the occasion of funerals of central paramilitary, military or state forces flag is to be draped over the coffin with saffron band towards the head. The flag should not be burnt or lowered into the grave.
When the National flag is flown with other national flags on Indian Territory, the National flag should be at the starting point. The rightmost flag should be the National flag and is to be followed by other national flags in alphabetical order.

The Indian National Flag should be hoisted with utmost respect and the rules mentioned in the Flag code of India must be followed.

Frequently Asked Questions on National Flag of India

Which country flag is triangle in shape.

The flag of Nepal is uniquely shaped with two triangular sections. It's the only national flag that isn't a rectangle.

How many Indian flags are there?

There is only one official national flag of India, but its design has evolved over the years before finalizing its current form.

Who designed Ashoka Chakra?

The Ashoka Chakra on the Indian flag is taken from the Ashoka Pillar at Sarnath, established by Emperor Ashoka.

Why Ashoka Chakra has 24 lines?

The Ashoka Chakra has 24 spokes, each representing a specific virtue or principle like love, courage, and faith.

What is the first Indian flag?

The first Indian flag, introduced in 1906, had stripes of green, yellow, and red. It featured a sun and a crescent moon.

Who created our national flag?

The current design of the Indian national flag was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on July 22, 1947, and was designed by Pingali Venkayya.

What is the meaning of Indian flag?

The Indian flag has three colors: saffron for sacrifice & courage, white for peace & truth, and green for faith & prosperity. The Ashoka Chakra stands for righteousness.

What is the national flag of India?

The national flag of India is a horizontal tricolor of saffron, white, and green bands with the Ashoka Chakra (a 24-spoke wheel) in navy blue in the center.

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To gain independence a country has to struggle a lot. However, Bangladesh is an independent country. We have a national flag like other free countries. It reminds us the freedom fighters of our country who has dedicated their lives for our country. Our national flag is made by cotton or silk. Its shape is rectangular and it is 10: 6 in proportion.
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Paragraph on Our National Flag
The national flag of Bangladesh is rectangular in shape having a proportion of 10:6 or 5:3. There are 2 colours in our flag - green and red. The green colour of our flag stands for everlasting youth, vigour, and freshness of the nation. It also symbolizes the greenery of Bangladesh.
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Paragraph Writing. Our National Flag. The flag which denotes the freedom and sovereignty of a nation is known as a national flag. The national flag of Bangladesh is bottle green in color and rectangular in size with the length to width ratio of 10:6. It bears a red circle on the background of green.
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Flag of Bangladesh
National flag consisting of a dark bluish green field (background) incorporating a large, off-centre orange-red disk. The flag's width-to-length ratio is 3 to 5.From its founding in 1949, the Awami League was the expression of Bengali nationalism in the territory then known as East Pakistan.
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The phrase "Bonde Matoram" was written on it in Bengali. It also contained 'Vajra' the symbol of strength and 'Indra' that depicted purity. In 1906 a new flag was designed. A tricolour flag with three equal strips i.e. blue on the top, yellow in the middle and red at the bottom. ... Essay on Indian Flag/National Flag.
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The National Flag of Bangladesh was adopted officially on 17 January 1972. It consists of a red circle on top of a dark green banner. The red circle is offset slightly toward the hoist so that it appears centred when the flag is flying. While there are many interpretations, the green on the flag represents the lushness of landscape and the red ...
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The national flag of India is a symbol of honour, patriotism, and freedom for the country. It represents the unity of the people of India in spite of the differences in language, culture, religion, class, etc. Most noteworthy, the Indian flag is a horizontal rectangular tricolour. Furthermore, the flag of India consists of saffron, white, and ...
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essay on national flag in bengali
The national flag of India is a symbol of honour, patriotism, and freedom for the country. It represents the unity of the people of India in spite of the differences in language, culture, religion, class, etc. Most noteworthy, the Indian flag is a horizontal rectangular tricolour. Furthermore, the flag of India consists of saffron, white, and ...
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