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A Research Agenda for Global Rural Development (Elgar Research Agendas)

• ISBN-10 1788974182
• ISBN-13 978-1788974189
• Publisher Edward Elgar Publishing
• Publication date October 8, 2020
• Language English
• Dimensions 6.25 x 0.75 x 9.25 inches
• Print length 256 pages
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• Publisher ‏ : ‎ Edward Elgar Publishing (October 8, 2020)
• Language ‏ : ‎ English
• Hardcover ‏ : ‎ 256 pages
• ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 1788974182
• ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-1788974189
• Item Weight ‏ : ‎ 1.19 pounds
• Dimensions ‏ : ‎ 6.25 x 0.75 x 9.25 inches
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A Research Agenda for Global Rural Development

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A research agenda for global rural development

Setting out a new, path-breaking research agenda for global rural development, this timely book offers an innovative and embedded rural social science capable of both understanding and enacting progress towards diverse and sustainable pathways. It relocates rural development at the heart of global trends associated with widespread but uneven urbanization, climate change and severe resource depletion, rising population growth, density and inequality, and global political, economic and health crises.

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A Research Agenda for Global Rural Development (Elgar Research Agendas)

By: terry marsden and sergio schneider and claire lamine.

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Agenda for Action : Key Policy Recommendations for Mongolia’s Sustainable Development Vision

The World Bank Group teams prepared the Policy Notes, a collection of synopses that cover a wide range of policy issues, highlighting key challenges and providing actionable policy recommendations to the new government of Mongolia formed in July 2024. The report presents eight policy notes to support the government in diversifying and strengthening key national assets beyond the mining sector to achieve the country’s sustainable and green development objectives, emphasized in Mongolia’s Vision 2050 and the New Recovery Policy objectives. 

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• Ensuring Sustainable, Equitable, and Stable Macroeconomic Management
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• Promoting Agricultural and Forestry Sustainability while Ensuring Food and Water Security and Boosting Economic Opportunities

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In this conclusion to the volume, which has explored in- depth eight interconnected and substantial research areas and applied eight transversal themes (see Introduction to the volume and figure 1), the authors reflect on attempting to answer the question : ‘what is the research agenda for rural development’? As a result they propose a further eight, hopefully, provocative concluding and emerging issues that are distilled from their experience in pursuing this framework for the research agenda on global rural development. These are: (1) Privatisation, financialisation, globalisation: processes of continued appropriation and risks of uneven development; (2) Power for transformations: empowerment by association; (3) A 21st century rural renaissance; (4) Rural areas as sites of ‘re-coupling’; (5) Urban and rural linkages: towards new emancipatory urban-rural relations; (6) The need for a re-politicised rural social science; (7) Deep place-based research to foster the ‘great transformation’; (8) Assessing and accompanying the converging hopes for rural futures.

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Advancing global antibiotic research, development and access

Affiliations.

• 1 Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership (GARDP), Geneva, Switzerland. [email protected].
• 2 Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
• 3 International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations (IFPMA), Geneva, Switzerland.
• 4 CARB-X, Boston University School of Law, Boston, MA, USA.
• 5 Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection, St George's, University of London, London, UK.
• 6 The Wellcome Trust, London, UK.
• 7 AMR Action Fund, Boston, MA, USA.
• 8 Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership (GARDP), Geneva, Switzerland.
• PMID: 39227444
• DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-03218-w

The pipeline of new antibiotics is insufficient to keep pace with the growing global burden of drug-resistant infections. Substantial economic challenges discourage private investment in antibiotic research and development (R&D), with a decline in the number of companies and researchers working in the field. Compounding these issues, many countries (from low income to high income) face a growing crisis of antibiotic shortages and inequitable access to existing and emerging treatments. This has led to an increasing role for public and philanthropic funding in supporting antibiotic R&D via the creation of nonprofit public-private partnerships, including Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Biopharmaceutical Accelerator (CARB-X) and the Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership (GARDP), industry support for the AMR Action Fund, and pilot schemes to evaluate and reimburse antibiotics in innovative ways. Now is the time to raise the urgency, ambition and commitments of the world's leaders to fully support the antibiotic R&D ecosystem, incentivizing all sectors to conduct public health-driven antibiotic R&D and make effective antibiotics accessible to all who need them.

© 2024. Springer Nature America, Inc.

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• Murray, C. J. L. et al. Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance in 2019: a systematic analysis. Lancet 399, 629–655 (2022).
• AMR Leaders. Towards specific commitments and action in the response to antimicrobial resistance. Global Leaders Group on Antimicrobial Resistance https://www.amrleaders.org/resources/m/item/glg-report (4 April 2024).
• World Health Organization. WHO publishes list of bacteria for which new antibiotics are urgently needed. World Health Organization https://www.who.int/news/item/27-02-2017-who-publishes-list-of-bacteria-... (27 February 2017).
• World Health Organization. WHO bacterial priority pathogens list, 2024: bacterial pathogens of public health importance to guide research, development and strategies to prevent and control antimicrobial resistance. World Health Organization https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240093461 (17 May 2024).
• Silver, L. L. A Gestalt approach to Gram-negative entry. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 24, 6379–6389 (2016). - DOI - PubMed

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Social innovation and entrepreneurship in health programme launched at the University of the Philippines Manila

The University of the Philippines Manila’s National Institutes of Health (UP Manila NIH) has launched a programme on social innovation and entrepreneurship in health, marking a milestone in embedding social innovation in health in the nation’s premier health sciences university .

In 2017, the Social Innovation in Health Initiative’s Philippines hub was established under the leadership of the late Dr Noel Juban , with the aim of becoming a leading institutional partner for strengthening the country’s health system through social innovation. 

Seven years later, the hub has been relaunched as a programme now hosted at the Institute of Clinical Epidemiology of the UP Manila NIH with Dr Meredith del Pilar-Labarda as the lead. The programme serves as the home for the research hub and the SIHI Secretariat. 

Gelia Castillo Award: a catalyst for institutionalization

A significant milestone for SIHI Philippines in institutionalizing social innovations in health was the introduction of the concept to the Department of Science and Technology-Philippine Council for Health Research and Development (DOST-PCHRD). Further engagements with the council led to the co-creation of the Gelia Castillo Award for Research on Social Innovations in Health (GCARSIH). 

This award recognizes Filipino social innovators for their community-driven solutions to health challenges and provides support through research training and grant eligibility. As a recent publication highlighted, “this institutionalization emerged from multisectoral collaboration, resource availability, and an aligned agenda beneficial to all stakeholders.” It promoted the understanding of how social innovations could generate impact and be integrated into the broader health system in the Philippines.

Since 2020, winning social innovations have been identified across two completed cycles.The third cycle of GCARSIH was officially launched on 15 August 2024 during the 17th Philippine National Health Research System Week, an annual conference organized by DOST-PCHRD. An information session was also held during the pre-conference to provide an overview of the award.

The call for submissions is open until 30 September 2024. More information on the submission, screening, and selection processes can be found on the DOST-PCHRD website.

The SIHI Philippines team headed by Dr Meredith del Pilar-Labarda (2nd from left) at the launch of the 2024 Gelia Castillo Award for Research on Social Innovations in Health during the 17th Philippine National Health Research System Week. Photo credit: SIHI Secretariat/SIHI Philippines, 2024.

Engaging key national health system actors  

SIHI Philippines further strengthened its partnerships, building on successful collaborations with DOST-PCHRD and other health system actors in the Philippines. It was always Dr Juban’s vision to integrate the hub into the UP Manila NIH and transition it into an institute. At the 2023 SIHI Global Partners’ Meeting , SIHI Philippines invited executive directors Dr Jaime Montoya of DOST-PCHRD and Dr Eva Cutiongco-de la Paz of UP Manila NIH to align efforts and mainstream social innovation in the Philippine health system. The meeting inspired an action plan to establish the Institute for Social Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Health.

From left to right: Dr Mary Ann Lansang, SIHI Philippines Technical Adviser; Dr Eva Cutiongco-de la Paz, UP Manila NIH Executive Director; Dr Jaime Montoya, DOST-PCHRD Executive Director; Dr Jana Mier-Alpaño, SIHI Philippines Hub Manager; and Dr Alberto Ong, SIHI Philippines Innovator and Gelia Castillo Awardee. Photo credit: SIHI Secretariat, 2023

Evolving from hub to programme to institute

What began as a vision to nurture innovative health solutions created by Filipinos has now evolved into a dynamic research programme at UP Manila NIH. 

In his investiture speech on May 2024, UP Manila Chancellor Dr Michael L. Tee  affirmed the programme's role in ensuring that “research is translated to evidence-based policies and co-created actions that transform local health systems and enable communities, so that effective and equitable health solutions reach those who need them most.”  

SIHI Philippines will continue to advance social innovations and entrepreneurial health initiatives through community-engaged research, capacity building, knowledge sharing, and ecosystem development as part of the global SIHI network. 

The SIHI network is supported by TDR, the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, co-sponsored by UNICEF, UNDP, the World Bank and WHO, with support from the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency.

“The Social Innovation in Health Initiative is a concrete example of TDR’s efforts to democratize health research by making it a useful tool for social innovators who develop community-driven solutions to health challenges,” said TDR Director John Reeder. “It is fantastic to see that the initiative is being institutionalized in the Philippines’s health system.”

For more information, please contact Dr Mihai Mihut .

International Day of Rural Women 2024

Rural women cultivating good food for all.

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On October 15, 2024, the global community will come together to celebrate the International Day of Rural Women. In recognition of rural women and girls’ vital role in global food systems, this year’s theme, “Rural Women Cultivating Good Food for All,” highlights their contributions from crop production to food distribution despite facing systemic challenges like unequal power and higher food insecurity.

About International Day of Rural Women

Acknowledging the essential work of rural women, this day calls for action to rebuild global food systems from the ground up, focusing on empowering rural women to produce and distribute diverse and healthy food.

This initiative aligns with global efforts to support rural women’s livelihoods and leadership, with the goals of achieving zero hunger (SDG 2) and gender equality (SDG 5).

International Day of Rural Women @ CGIAR

On this significant day, CGIAR invites you to explore initiatives to enhance the resilience, skills, and leadership of rural women in agriculture.

Harnessing rural women’s potential is key to creating resilient and sustainable food systems that foster innovation and support the development of agricultural communities. This ensures a healthier future for both people and the planet.

Header photo: Evelyn Okoth at her farm in Agoro East, Kenya. CGIAR.

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Rajat Khosla: New Horizons in Women’s Health: Insights from PMNCH’s Executive Director

1. What inspired you to take on the role of Executive Director at PMNCH, and what are your primary goals for the organization in the coming years?

Women’s, Children’s, and Adolescents’ Health (WCAH) stands at a critical crossroads. According to [the World Health Organization], a woman  dies  every two minutes in childbirth. [The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals or] SDG targets related to child survival and under-five mortality will not be met. Deep inequalities both within and between countries; wide-ranging disparities based on gender, race, and other forms of disadvantage; the ongoing [COVID-19] pandemic; old and new conflicts; and climate change demand a transformational shift in WCAH.

All of that [inequality] is taking place in a context of mounting distrust in public institutions. Democratic values are under attack, evidenced by increasing restrictions on civil society organizations. Anti-rights, anti-gender, and anti-SRHR [or Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights] rhetoric is flourishing at global, regional, and national levels—in clinics, too, with devastating consequences for those advocating for sexual and reproductive rights and those providing for adolescent wellbeing for maternal and child health. [These individuals] are to be found in hostile political contexts attacked, abused, and even incarcerated for their work.

Women’s bodies and SRHR are facing unprecedented backlash. There is an urgent need to come together and safeguard the gains made over the last two decades. For this to happen, we need to start by understanding the intersection of external and internal challenges that continue to undermine our commitments to WCAH.

I applied for the post of Executive Director, PMNCH because I am committed to helping reshape WCAH futures. Over the last 20 years, I have worked at the intersections of research, advocacy, and practice with multilateral organizations, civil society, and [international non-governmental organizations] (INGOs) to address inequalities and injustice in global health. The partnership has a significant role to play in galvanizing political priority for women’s, children’s, and adolescents’ health. [It also impacts] global consensus on how to address those issues effectively. [Effects are, furthermore, seen] in convincing governments, international organizations, and other global actors to play their parts.

2. Can you share significant achievements through PMNCH’s initiatives?

[The year] 2025 will mark 20 years of PMNCH’s work in advancing maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH) policy, service delivery, and financing, [along with] fostering collaborations, mobilizing resources, shaping policies, and keeping MNCH on the agenda of the highest political dialogues. As we move towards the final years of the  2030 Agenda , PMNCH holds a valuable space within the MNCH ecosystem and is entrusted with a crucial role. With a focus on evidence-based advocacy across the continuum of MNCH and the [human] life course, PMNCH is uniquely capable of bolstering the MNCH agenda through wide-ranging cross-constituency collaboration, including focus on priority issues [in] MNCH, such as preterm birth and stillbirth.

In 2023, PMNCH led the work on the updated edition of the  Born Too Soon: Decade of Action on Preterm Birth   report , involving more than 70 partners from over 140 countries across all PMNCH constituencies. A decade [after] the launch of the first  Born Too Soon  report, this report highlighted the worrying stagnation in progress on preterm birth over the last 10 years: preterm birth is the leading cause of under-five deaths, [killing] approximately one million newborns per year, and since 2000, neonatal conditions continue to be the biggest loss of human capital (DALYs) worldwide. The report calls for systemic change to ensure that every woman and baby receives high-quality, respectful care to thrive, regardless of geographic location.

Led by the government of Somalia and co-sponsored by 51 member states, the  77th World Health Assembly Resolution  [(WHA77) in 2024] accelerate[d] progress towards reducing maternal, newborn, and child mortality to achieve Sustainable Development Goal  targets  3.1 and 3.2. Supported by intensive and coordinated action by PMNCH, [this resolution] paves the way for increased action in the final stretch to the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.

To support this, PMNCH convened more than 30 organizations from [civil society organizations] (CSOs), [Health-Care Professional Associations] (HCPAs), donors, private sector [groups], and [Adolescents and Youth] (AY) constituencies to develop key WCAH [requests] to member states for the negotiations around the resolution  and  promote strong adoption and implementation.

In 2020, PMNCH—in partnership with [the] UN H6+ Technical Working Group alongside youth-led and youth-serving organizations—developed the  Definition and Conceptual Framework for Adolescent Well-Being , which proposes a new definition of adolescent well-being underpinned by five interconnected domains. Building on this framework, PMNCH and partners developed a series of 15 technical  papers  on Programming to Promote Adolescent Well-Being and the  Adolescent Wellbeing BMJ Collection .

Through the  Adolescent and Youth Constituency , PMNCH serves as the global platform for meaningful adolescent and youth engagement, mobilizing youth advocates to increase political commitment and financing for multisectoral, rights-based action  for ,  by , and  with  adolescents. To advance the agenda of adolescent wellbeing, PMNCH launched the  1.8 Billion Young People for Change Campaign , a multi-year campaign to build momentum—with young people—for new policies, funds, and better services for adolescents.

The  Global Forum for Adolescents , October 11-12, 2023, was a key milestone of the campaign and the [world's] largest online forum for action created  by  and  for  young people. The forum brought together over 117 partners globally and featured over 234 speakers (of which more than 50 percent were youth). The forum also spurred the organization of over 124 national events in different countries in support of the campaign and the agenda more broadly, which was a big win for the campaign.

[The 2024 report] “ Adolescents in a changing world: the case for urgent investment ” is the result of over two years of work by PMNCH, WHO, [the UN Population Fund] (UNFPA), [the UN Children’s Fund] (UNICEF), [and the] Victoria Institute of Strategic Economic Studies (VISES) of Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia and partners. This major report argues that substantially increased investment in programs to promote adolescent well-being [is] both urgent and fully justified, including: the human rights of this age group; the major epidemiological and demographic transitions sweeping the world; and the fact that there is a substantial repertoire of highly effective interventions and an increasing body of experience in how to deliver them successfully. Such investments also make excellent economic sense, with a large number of interventions across multiple domains of adolescent well-being yielding  returns  of at least US$10 for every dollar invested.

Furthermore, the costs of inaction are enormous. Over the period 2024 [to 2050], the average  cost  of inaction (benefits foregone) has been estimated at a staggering US$110 trillion (US$4.1 trillion per year). This  equates  to 7.7 percent of the GDP of the countries included in the models, which cover about 80 percent of the world’s population. The report argues that investment must be across sectors to cover all aspects of adolescent well-being, and it must meet the context-specific needs of adolescents and have opportunities for adolescents to contribute to [the] design and development of programs for them. This work is a milestone for PMNCH as well as for the development community because our arguments for immediate action are backed by concrete evidence. The investment case is also being pilot-tested in three countries (Colombia, India, and South Africa) to ensure that countries are armed/equipped with these tools as they work towards advancing adolescent well-being nationally.

3. How do you see PMNCH contributing to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals, particularly in the areas of sexual and reproductive health and rights?

Utilizing its strength in translating data and evidence, PMNCH can leverage its connections and expertise to develop tailored, context-specific messaging to refute dis- and misinformation on SRHR and to define and disseminate language on sensitive SRHR issues that appeals to stakeholders who are neutral or focused on other priorities. While remaining committed to the core principles of SRHR and to evidence-based interventions, PMNCH can play a critical role [in building] consensus via different constituencies on complex [topics and] appealing to those who are uncommitted or not deeply engaged in the topic.

PMNCH can [also] increase the political salience of SRHR issues through the engagement and support of high-level champions to influence domestic SRHR policy. [This strategy could include a] push for substantial and sustainable targets for domestic financing for SRHR, such as clear government commitments to the procurement of SRHR commodities—contraceptives, medication abortion, [maternal and newborn health] (MNH) products, etc.—and the provision of SRHR services.

[We also will continue to] advocate for intersectoral and public-private partnerships to explore innovative SRHR financing mechanisms and bridge funding gaps, while ensuring that governments, rather than financial institutions and actors, determine which kinds of health care are available to those in need.

4. How can PMNCH, governments, and non-governmental agencies strengthen policy and legal frameworks to alleviate the exacerbated effects of conflict on marginalized female-identifying individuals and ensure equitable health access for women and children?

Historic progress on WCAH is under threat of reversal due to the combination of conflict and climate change, with the most vulnerable feeling the biggest burden, including those in humanitarian and fragile settings (HFS). Approximately 50 percent of maternal, newborn, and under-five mortality [cases] presently  occur  in humanitarian settings, and children who survive often are unable to thrive, or even experience neglect and maltreatment [according to WHO]. A partner-centric approach provides the possibility to accelerate progress in this area and support stakeholders in addressing the health and well-being of vulnerable populations, including women and children.

Intensified efforts to improve access to MNCH services [are] needed in HFS where the risks of poor health are higher and where vulnerable populations face compounding challenges linked to the day-to-day realities of war, high levels of poverty, food insecurity, and displacement. PMNCH’s cross-constituency work offers the opportunity to advance the equity agenda and  [invest] in pro-equity policies and interventions, thus targeting the [most] at-risk populations.

Given the significant fragmentation of WCAH in humanitarian contexts, PMNCH’s convening power also plays a critical role in the coordination of policy, service delivery, and financing for essential [sexual, reproductive, maternal, newborn, child, and adolescent health] (SRMNCAH) services. [PMNCH also bolsters] advocacy and accountability in humanitarian settings by supporting the inclusion of WCAH in emergency response plans.

5. How do you plan to engage and mobilize diverse stakeholders—including governments, civil society, and the private sector—to advance the health rights of women and children?

PMNCH is fueled by power and partnership. Partnership has been the foundation and strength of PMNCH from its inception. We are the largest multi-stakeholder partnership in the world focusing on the health and well-being of women, children, and adolescents. We harness the expertise and knowledge of partners through our 10 constituencies to advance the issues that require urgent attention. The recent WHA77 Resolution on MNCH—[to] accelerate [the] progress towards reducing maternal, newborn, and child mortality to achieve SDG targets 3.1 and 3.2—was a response to the slowing progress seen globally in tackling maternal and child mortality and called for accelerated progress on SDG targets for maternal, newborn, and child health.

In addition, through collaboration with initiatives such as Every Newborn Action Plan ( ENAP ),  Ending Preventable Maternal Mortality ( EPMM ),  Child Survival Action , and International Stillbirth Alliance ( ISA ), PMNCH [can] leverage synergies and facilitate dialogue and collaboration among diverse stakeholders to foster innovative solutions and good practices that address critical gaps in MNCH services and quality of care. Moving forward, PMNCH has identified key moments for focusing on WCAH advocacy to support policymaking and financing for issues related to WCAH. Through each moment, we engage a wide range of partners to ensure consolidated and evidence-based approaches to WCAH.

We aim to amplify the voices of women, adolescents, and youth by advocating for policies that prioritize their SRHR needs. This involves engaging with governments to influence policymaking processes and ensuring that SRHR is integrated into national health strategies. By presenting evidence-based recommendations and fostering political will, we strive to create an enabling environment where SRHR is recognized as fundamental to overall health and well-being.

Collaboration is at the heart of our approach. We actively bring together governments, civil society organizations, the private sector, academia, and international agencies to create a cohesive and unified front for SRHR. Holding stakeholders accountable is [also] crucial for progress. We support the establishment of robust monitoring and evaluation frameworks to track the implementation of SRHR commitments. By promoting transparency and accountability, we ensure that governments and other stakeholders remain committed to their promises and that progress is measured and reported.

6. How do you see PMNCH evolving to tackle ongoing and emerging global health crises, and what actions are needed for lasting equitable improvements in women’s health and health policies?

As global health challenges continue to evolve, PMNCH is positioned to adapt and respond effectively to ensure lasting equitable improvements in women’s health and health policies. While PMNCH will continue to [collaborate with] its vast network of partners, there is also scope to start/increase engagement with other partners, such as those in the private sector. This can facilitate comprehensive responses to health crises by pooling resources and expertise. [PMNCH will also develop] robust mechanisms to track progress on health commitments and hold stakeholders accountable for their promises. PMNCH will expand its engagement with political champions and allies to ensure that critical issues are not just spotlighted but also addressed to ensure tangible, lasting impact.

This news item is originally published on Harvard International Review .

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