the personal essay form

How to Write a Personal Essay: Your Easy Guide

The power of a well-written personal essay should never be underestimated. Inspiring readers with your experiences, lessons learned from past mistakes, or simply describing the joy you felt from doing a fun activity can literally change people's lives. Take a moment to reflect upon this. How much influence you can have on your audience with just a pen and paper in your hand and thoughts flowing through your head is insane.

To take the reins of your floating thoughts and put them into perspective, you need to know how to write a personal essay. Otherwise defined as a nonfiction narrative story, the personal essay format differs slightly from other kinds of writing with its implicit structure. Once we touch upon those, we will also explore some personal essay topics with our online essay writing service . After reading this article, we promise you'll be so confident writing your personal statement that you might want to craft many personal essays in one go!

Proper Format

When trying to understand what is a personal essay, you must start with the formatting specifics. And no, we didn't mean to scare you off if this sounded too complicated! The format for personal essay can be similar to most academic tasks with just a few distinct aspects. Let's examine the details from our paper writer :

• Font : Unless required to write in a Harvard essay format , you can use any readable fonts - Times New Roman, Arial, or Calibri in size 12.
• Margins : Just like in most writings, set your margins to one inch on all sides.
• Spacing : This is a classic! Use double-spacing throughout the essay, including between paragraphs.
• Indentation : Indent the first line of each paragraph by 0.5 inches or use the tab key. This might be a little too specific, but it's a true-and-tried method!
• Page numbers : Include page numbers in the top right corner of each page. You don't have to do this necessarily, but it can add more spark to your paper!
• Title : Include a title that reflects the theme or subject of your essay. Center the title on the page. Did we really have to elaborate on this?
• Header : Include a header with your last name and the page number in the top right corner of each page. After all, it's your personal story; why would you want to miss your name here?
• Length : The length of a personal essay can vary but typically ranges from 500 to 2,000 words. Well, unless you're discussing healing from a generational trauma... Then you'd probably need a few more extra pages.
• Tone : The tone of a personal essay should be conversational, reflective, and sincere. At least, this is what we recommend not to sound dull.
• Personal pronouns : Use first-person pronouns such as 'I,' 'me,' and 'my.' Remember, the spotlight is directed at you as you're the true hero of the story.

Personal Essay Topics

If you have got a lot of exciting stories to tell, your personal essay can shine brightly by interactively engaging the reader. Put in a little extra effort and dig deeper to find a unique or interesting experience or an unusual moment in your life.

Looking at a life lesson from another angle can turn into deep and purposeful subject matter. If you decide to pick a topic from a huge list of personal essay topics that you found in the internet, be precise and careful because not all of them can meet the requirements of your professor.

Personal Narrative Essay Topics

In this type of writing, try to explore a unique experience that creates a sense of conflict in your life. Explore how and why you were confused, annoyed, or hurt by the experience. Imagine your piece of paper as a place where you can freely express your emotions, discuss significant moments, & reflect on their impact on your life. This tip can help you create many really good essay topics, but if you need motivation, you can find some examples below.

• 'One small step that helped me skyrocket in my career!'
• 'Why controlling urges teaches you to master self-control.'
• 'People only learn from their own mistakes.'
• 'Life is not a one-dimensional path: it is curvier than a snake!'
• 'What I learned about conquering my fears.'
• 'The moment when I should have made a better choice.'
• 'The moment I overcame my public speaking fear.'
• 'How I conquered adversity with strength.'
• 'The impact of mentorship: valuable lessons learned from my mentor.'
• 'My journey to finding a place to belong.'

Personal Essay Topics on Specific Emotions

You may also talk about a specific event in your life that left a long-lasting impression on you. Usually, this type of essay reflects an incident that took place in your life and shifted it in some way. Dive deeper into your mind and find an event that is unique and personal to you. The weirder the occurrence, the more likely the essay will be engaging to read.

• 'How I ran away from fear: the power of exercising.'
• 'How I overcame the trauma through painting.'
• 'My quest to reclaim my cultural identity
• 'How I tackled cultural shock while studying abroad.'
• 'The year I went from being an amateur to a professional artist.'
• 'The best solo hike of my life
• 'The moment I beat my eating disorder and learned to love my true self.'
• 'How practicing gratitude helped me find beauty in the ordinary.'
• 'The power of letting go of toxic relationships
• 'How I lived up to my family's legacy.'

If you have not noticed, each of these titles can bring a fascinating vibe to the table. The names grab your attention, but you can only honestly know what they are about when reading them. That is the secret to a provocative title!

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Crafting an Outline for Personal Essay

Like most academic tasks, the personal essay can be easily structured into 5 paragraphs . This is one of the most important steps of personal narrative essay writing at any level. Your outline for personal essay will serve as a navigator, so you don't want to get off track. Understanding how to start a personal essay, what to write in body paragraphs, and how to conclude it appropriately will be important.

How to Start a Personal Essay?

Start your writing with an introductory paragraph. As it gives your reader a clear understanding of what the story will be about. Employ a hook sentence to catch their attention and motivate them to read the rest of the paper with a whimsical thesis statement. It can be a narrative thesis, for example. But it must be written in one concise sentence that will bring the reader to the starting point of your essay.

Don't leave your readers in the dark in the introduction by explaining the important things such as:

• Who are the major characters?
• When and where is it taking place?
• What kind of story is it?

Creating the Personal Essay Body 

After creating an introduction, you must formulate three body paragraphs supporting your thesis statement. Each new point should contain its own body paragraph. Don't forget to make transitions from one paragraph to another to make sure that everything flows smoothly.

Usually, the body section is presented in the form of your experiences and your reflections on these events. You should also note the passage of time in your body sections, so make sure that the reader is aware of when and how each specific chapter took place.

How to Write a Conclusion Paragraph for Personal Essay?

Ultimately, it will be essential to wrap everything up and give your audience a sense of completeness by writing a proper conclusion. Restate your thesis, summarize the main points you have stated in body paragraphs, and leave your reader with a specific emotion, depending on the subject of your paper.

Readers should also discover a life lesson by going through the story. It is a moment where you show what you have learned from your experiences or how previous events have changed your life.

Tips for Personal Essay Writing Process

If you think you already possess sufficient knowledge of personal essays, we've yet to supply you with more information. Now let's explore the various stages of personal essay writing. Follow the list of valuable tips and advice without skipping a beat from our service where you can buy personal statement too.

Start with an Engaging Opening Sentence

Open your personal essay with an introductory section that will be engaging and interesting for your reader. In the opening section, introduce the principal characters of the story as well as the central theme or themes. It should also present the fundamental question of the essay.

Write from Your Unique Point of View

You are free to write from your point of view or in your own unique style. In contrast to other types of essays, writing from your perspective or in your personal manner is welcomed. For instance, if you are writing about a trip adventure, you might express your individual writing style by describing the sights and sounds that captured your attention. As a result, your writing will be more interesting and genuine and will better convey your experiences and feelings.

Take the Characters into Account

Be sure to describe your characters from all angles. Even though it is your real-life experience, you should still consider storytelling elements like the plot and characters. Using these ingredients in your writing will keep your reader engaged and help your essay flow smoothly.

Shed Light on a Deep Truth

Discuss your background experience with honesty and curiosity. Don't be afraid to uncover a hidden truth or a truth you didn't know was there at the time. Expose a thing that is uncomfortable or difficult for you to discuss. No matter who will read your essay. Whether it will be a teacher or somebody else, they will definitely appreciate your honesty and strive to share your experience.

Write a Rough Draft & Submit

After you have completed all the previous steps, it's time to write a rough draft. Writing a rough draft lets you get new ideas for a personal essay. Moreover, it's a great place to polish your essay and correct small grammar, spelling, and other types of mistakes. Get a second pair of eyes: No one can rate your writing as well as a neutral party. Once you have checked everything, you can start writing the final paper.

Before submitting your personal essay, double-check everything once again and make sure to present the central theme. After it, go through it and proofread your entire piece. Reading an essay full of grammatical mistakes is somewhat frustrating, which can be easily avoided. You can ask your classmate for help, so in that way, you will save each other. Don't forget to meet the deadline - and you're officially finished!

Personal Essay Examples

In our time it’s much more easier to find things on the Internet, and examples are not an exception. Remember one simple thing: not everything that you can find on the Internet is done correctly. If you need some inspiration to get started, you can find several examples of personal essays below, or you can use our free essay samples to sharpen your skills on any type of writing.

As we scratched the surface of the personal essay writing process and delved deep into the specific stages of creating a flawless paper, we hope you gained some valuable insights. These tips are all you'll ever need to inspire readers or even WOW the admissions officers!

If you want our experienced writers to help you with any writing assignment, whether a persuasive essay , creative nonfiction, or any type of college essay, hit us up with your ' do my homework for me ' request and consider it done with the highest caliber!

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Related Articles

7 Helpful Tips on How to Write A Memorable Personal Essay

Everyone has a story to tell and a message to share. The challenge lies in getting that story and message out of your head and into print in a way that resonates with your audience.

Starting somewhere in the late 2000s, a certain type of personal essay experienced a popularity boom. These essays were ultra-personal and confessional in nature, often in a TMI sort of way. Their headlines were clickable, not to mention shareable, for their shock value alone.

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Although the confessional shock essay’s star seems to be fading, the personal essay itself is still standing strong. Essay collections by late greats like James Baldwin ( The Fire Next Time ) and David Foster Wallace ( Consider the Lobster ) still top Amazon’s Best Sellers in essays. Jenny Lawson (aka The Bloggess) launched a career with her darkly funny and self-effacing essays about her health and mental illness challenges ( Let’s Pretend This Never Happened ). Celebrities like Mindy Kaling ( Why Not Me? ) and Tina Fey ( Bossypants ) blended personal essays into memoir-esque collections that became best sellers. We head for the nearest bookseller when essay titans like David Sedaris or Anne Lamott have a new release.

We’re looking for real stories and musings from people who are able to share their foibles, lessons, and truths in a way we can relate to. Here are seven tips to help you craft a personal essay that will connect with readers.

1 Understand what a personal essay is

Ask three different experts what a personal essay is and you’ll likely get three different answers. Are they structured? Must they address a certain type of subject? Here’s a definition we like:

A personal essay is a short work of autobiographical nonfiction characterized by a sense of intimacy and a conversational manner. Also called a personal statement. A type of creative nonfiction, the personal essay is ‘all over the map,’ according to Annie Dillard. ‘There’s nothing you can’t do with it. No subject matter is forbidden, no structure is prescribed. You get to make up your own form every time.’

Personal essays relate the author’s intimate thoughts and experiences to universal truths. They aren’t simply a retelling of events, though—that falls more in the realm of memoir or autobiography. They conclude with the author having learned, changed, or grown in some way and often present some truth or insight that challenges the reader to draw their own conclusions.

2 Find a compelling topic

The best essay topics are often deeply relatable. Although the story itself is unique to the author’s experience, there’s some universal truth that speaks to us from just below the surface. Topics like facing a fear, falling in love, overcoming an obstacle, discovering something new, or making a difficult choice tackle feelings and events that happen in everyone’s life.

3 Start with a strong hook

As with any type of writing, it’s essential to draw the reader in from the very first paragraph , or even the first sentence. Here are a few examples.

Aside from Peter, who supposedly guards the gates of heaven and is a pivotal figure in any number of jokes, the only saint who’s ever remotely interested me is Francis of Assisi, who was friends with the animals.

When I was young, my family didn’t go on outings to the circus or trips to Disneyland. We couldn’t afford them. Instead, we stayed in our small rural West Texas town, and my parents took us to cemeteries.

I underwent, during the summer that I became fourteen, a prolonged religious crisis.

Alone, we are doomed. By the same token, we’ve learned that people are impossible, even the ones we love most— especially the ones we love most.

Your hook and opening paragraph should establish the topic of your essay (or at least allude to it) and set the scene and tone.

4 Create an outline

All it takes to understand the importance of an outline is listening to someone who struggled to tell a personal story. Often, the story will seem to have no real point. The switchbacks where the teller says “But wait, I have to tell you about this part, first!” are maddening and disruptive. An outline will help you organize your thoughts before committing them to text.

Consider your opening hook and the statement it makes, then map out the sequence of events or main points that support it. Just like a good fictional story, your essay should have rising action. Raise the stakes with each paragraph until you reach a climax or turning point. Plan to add a conclusion that will evoke an emotional response in your reader.

5 Narrow your focus

Don’t try to write to a general topic. Your essay may well be about sexism, but you need to illustrate it through the lens of a defining incident that’s deeply personal to you. What did your experiences teach you about sexism? What does it mean to you as an individual?

6 Show, don’t tell

Close your eyes. Think of the scene you’re about to write down. What were you experiencing with your five senses? How did you feel?

Your challenge is to evoke those senses and feelings without flatly stating them. Don’t say “I felt cold.” Say “I exhaled and my breath turned to vapor that hung in the air. I shivered and pulled the blanket tight around my shoulders in a vain attempt to trap my body heat.” Your description should help the reader experience the cold with you. Stephen King describes it as making the reader “prickle with recognition.”

7 Craft a thought-provoking conclusion

Your essay should end with your own reflection and analysis. What did you learn? How have the events and thoughts you described changed your life or your understanding of life? It’s not enough to say “And that’s what happened.” You have to describe how whatever happened shaped you.

Just as a good lead hooks readers and draws them along for the ride, a good conclusion releases them from your essay’s thrall with a frisson of pleasure, agreement, passion or some other sense of completion. Circling back to your lead in your conclusion is one way to give readers that full-circle sense. Try to restate your thesis in a way that reflects the journey the essay has taken.

There is so much outside the false cloister of private experience; and when you write, you do the work of connecting that terrible privacy to everything beyond it.

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How to Write a Personal Essay: Instructions, Outline

Have you ever wanted to share a meaningful life experience or emotion through writing, but didn’t know where to start? Personal essays are the perfect avenue for expressing your unique perspective and connecting with readers. In this guide, we’ll walk you through the process of how to write a personal essay, from choosing the right topic to polishing your final draft. Get ready to embark on a journey that will not only improve your writing skills, but also provide valuable self-reflection.

Table of Contents

Key Takeaways

• Learn how to write a personal essay in 2023 by understanding the elements, choosing the right topic and reflecting on your experiences.
• Use descriptive language, evoke emotion & showcase unique qualities while avoiding cliches & overused topics.
• Enhance your essay with editing tips such as seeking feedback from others and fine tuning grammar/punctuation for clarity.

What is a Personal Essay Essay?

A personal essay is a piece of creative nonfiction where the writer shares a meaningful lesson they have learned from their life experiences. Unlike a research or descriptive essay, a personal essay focuses on the writer’s individual story and experiences, making it an ideal way to showcase who you are beyond numbers and percentages in college applications. In fact, many personal essays are submitted during the application process, highlighting the importance of this form of writing. To get a better understanding of how to craft your own story, you can refer to personal essay examples available online or learn how to write a personal essay through various resources.

The personal essay format has its unique structure, typically consisting of an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. To make your essay stand out, it’s essential to use a conversational tone that builds a connection with the reader. By incorporating storytelling elements and vivid descriptions, you create an engaging narrative that captures the reader’s attention and keeps them hooked throughout the entire essay.

Choosing the Right Topic for Your Personal Essay

Selecting an appropriate and engaging topic is vital for a captivating personal essay. To choose the right topic, consider reflecting on your own personal experiences, keeping your audience in mind, and avoiding overused topics.

In the following sections, we’ll delve deeper into these aspects to help you craft a personal essay that resonates with readers and showcases your unique perspective.

Reflecting on Your Experiences

To find a meaningful and engaging topic for your personal essay, start by reflecting on your personal experiences and emotions. Review, analyze, and evaluate events, ideas, and emotions from a different angle to gain insight. It’s crucial to focus on specific moments or experiences that have had a significant impact on your life and have taught you a valuable lesson.

While reflecting, think about why you did what you did and whether there’s a more effective way of doing it in the future. This introspection can help you identify a deeper truth or valuable lesson worth sharing in your essay. Your personal experiences can serve as the foundation for a captivating narrative that resonates with readers.

Considering Your Audience

When choosing a topic for your personal essay, it’s crucial to consider your audience. Think about their:

• level of knowledge on the topic

By tailoring your essay to best connect with your readers, you can create a more engaging and relatable narrative.

For college essays, consider that admissions officers want to know what you will bring to their community and how you can make their school more valuable. Emphasize attributes like:

• Perseverance
• Original perspectives
• The capacity to inspire others

Throughout your essay, showcase your unique qualities and experiences to make it stand out and leave a lasting impression on your readers.

Avoiding Overused Topics

To create a fresh and original personal essay, avoid cliché or overused personal essay topics. While it may be tempting to write about a sports victory or a life-changing event, these topics can make your essay seem unoriginal and uninteresting. Instead, focus on a unique aspect of your life, such as:

• an estranged family member
• a moral turning point during adolescence
• a challenging experience that shaped your perspective
• a personal passion or hobby that has had a significant impact on your life

By choosing a unique and personal topic, you can create an essay that stands out and captivates your readers.

When writing a personal essay for college applications, here are some tips to consider.

• Steer clear of writing about Covid-19, as many applicants may choose this topic, making your essay less distinctive.
• Instead, emphasize how specific events or experiences have impacted you personally and academically.
• Showcase your resilience and growth through these experiences.

Structuring Your Personal Essay

A well-structured personal essay outline is crucial for guiding the reader through your narrative. It includes an engaging introduction, strong body paragraphs, and a compelling conclusion. Mastering the art of essay writing ensures that your good personal essay effectively communicates your story, much like a well-crafted personal statement.

In the next sections, we’ll provide tips on crafting each part of your personal essay, ensuring a smooth narrative flow that keeps your reader engaged.

Crafting an Engaging Introduction

The introductory paragraph of your personal essay should grab the reader’s attention and set the tone of your narrative. Start with a hook sentence, such as a quote, a vivid description, or a personal anecdote, that encourages the reader to continue reading.

Include a clear thesis statement, which provides a brief overview of your essay’s main points and establishes the direction of your narrative. Remember to keep your introduction concise and focused on your central theme.

Your opening sentence should not only capture the reader’s attention, but also provide a glimpse into your unique story. This will set the stage for the rest of your personal essay and leave a lasting impression on your readers.

Developing Strong Body Paragraphs

The body paragraphs of your personal essay should support your thesis statement by providing details about your experiences and how they reflect on them over time. Each new point should have its own body paragraph, maintaining a clear and logical structure throughout your essay. Use transitions and chronological order to maintain a smooth narrative flow and guide your reader through your story.

To make your body paragraphs engaging, use descriptive language to create vivid images and provide sensory details that help the reader understand your story and its characters. Also, consider incorporating personal anecdotes to illustrate a point or provide a unique perspective. This will make your personal essay more captivating and memorable for your readers.

Writing a Compelling Conclusion

Your conclusion is the final opportunity to leave a lasting impression on your reader. In this section, you should:

• Restate your thesis
• Summarize the main points of your personal essay
• Leave the reader with a specific emotion or life lesson
• Connect your narrative to a broader context

When crafting your conclusion, ensure that it reinforces the main idea of your essay and ties it back to the thesis statement. This will provide a sense of closure and finality, making your personal essay a memorable and impactful read.

Enhancing Your Personal Essay

Now that you have a solid structure for your personal essay, it’s time to bring it to life by showcasing your unique voice, using descriptive language, and learning from past mistakes.

In the following sections, we’ll discuss these aspects in detail, helping you create a captivating and memorable personal essay that resonates with readers.

Showcasing Your Unique Voice

Embracing your personal writing style and voice is essential for conveying your unique perspective and genuine experiences in your personal essay. The elements of voice include:

• Choosing the right words
• Sentence structure
• Punctuation

By selecting language that best expresses your personality and the mood you want to create, you can effectively showcase your individuality.

When telling your personal story, focus on the details that make it special to you and consider how you experienced the event and the emotions you felt. This will help you create an authentic narrative that resonates with readers and sets your personal essay apart from others.

Using Descriptive Language

Descriptive language plays a crucial role in engaging the reader and bringing your personal essay to life. It involves using words to paint a picture in the reader’s head, making them feel like they are truly experiencing the story. To achieve this, incorporate vivid descriptions, dialogue, and sensory details throughout your essay.

Metaphors, similes, personification, and imagery are great examples of descriptive language that can enhance your personal essay. By evoking emotions and creating vivid images, you can make your essay more interesting and engaging for the reader, leaving a lasting impact.

Learning from Past Mistakes

Reflecting on past writing mistakes and learning from them can significantly improve your personal essay and overall writing skills. Here are some steps to follow.

• Be honest with yourself about what went wrong.
• Consider the context, effect, and potential fixes for each mistake.
• Use these insights to refine your writing.
• Avoid repeating errors in future projects.

By following these steps, you can learn from your mistakes and become a better writer.

To ensure you’re applying lessons learned, take the time to reflect on any mistakes and think about how you can use those lessons in your current personal essay. This continuous self-improvement can greatly enhance your writing, making your personal essay more engaging and impactful.

Editing and Polishing Your Personal Essay

Once you’ve written your personal essay, the final step is to edit and polish it to perfection. This involves seeking feedback from others, fine-tuning your essay, and ensuring it is free of grammar, punctuation, and clarity issues.

In the next sections, we’ll provide tips on how to effectively edit and polish your personal essay, creating a refined final product that captivates your readers.

Seeking Feedback from Others

Asking for feedback from friends, family, or teachers can provide valuable insights and suggestions for improving your personal essay. Be specific about the kind of feedback you’re looking for, such as clarity, structure, or overall impact. This will help your reviewers provide constructive criticism that you can use to refine your essay.

Ideally, have 2-4 people you trust read your personal essay, as different perspectives can offer diverse insights. Take their feedback into account and make revisions as necessary. Remember that ultimately, you have the final say on your essay, so use the feedback to improve it while staying true to your unique voice and perspective.

Fine-Tuning Your Essay

After receiving feedback, it’s time to revise and fine-tune your personal essay. Here are some steps to follow.

• Focus on grammar, punctuation, and clarity to ensure your essay is polished and ready for submission.
• Check for redundancies and make sure the writing is concise and clear.
• Ensure the essay flows logically.

By following these steps, you can improve the quality of your personal essay and increase your chances of success.

Reading your essay aloud can help you spot mistakes that you might have missed when reading in your head. Additionally, use this opportunity to tweak your personal essay to better showcase your personality, experiences, and unique qualities. Keep refining your essay until you feel confident that it effectively conveys your message and leaves a lasting impression on your readers.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are 5 elements of a personal essay.

A personal essay consists of an introduction, body, conclusion, a compelling hook, engaging story, interesting characters, immersive setting and meaningful point.

It also uses components of argument, thesis and conclusion to make a larger argument.

How should I structure a personal essay?

To structure a personal essay, use the typical five paragraph structure for English papers, with an introductory paragraph containing a thesis or hook, body paragraphs that provide supporting evidence for the thesis, and a conclusion that ties everything together.

Additionally, ensure your essay has a conversational tone, tell readers something they don’t already know, and be sure to edit and proofread your work.

What is a personal essay format?

A personal essay format typically consists of an introduction, body, and conclusion. The introduction introduces the topic and establishes the writer’s attitude, while the body of the essay tells a story of a personal experience using descriptive language.

The conclusion ties everything together.

How do I write my own essay?

To write your own essay, create an outline that includes an introductory paragraph with a thesis statement, supporting body paragraphs, and a conclusion that ties everything together.

Use conversational tone, be thoughtful and consider your audience, use evidence to support your argument, and remember to proofread for accuracy.

What is the main purpose of a personal essay?

The main purpose of a personal essay is to share a meaningful lesson the writer has learned from their life experiences, connecting with readers and allowing them to express their unique perspective.

This type of essay can be written in a variety of ways, but it should always be engaging and thought-provoking. It should also be written in a way that is easy to read and understand. Splitting the text into paragraphs is a key to understanding the text.

Writing a personal essay can be a rewarding and enlightening experience. By understanding the purpose of a personal essay, choosing the right topic, structuring your essay, enhancing it with your unique voice and descriptive language, and editing and polishing the final product, you can create a captivating narrative that resonates with readers.

Remember, the journey of self-reflection and growth that comes with writing a personal essay is just as important as the final product. So embrace the process and let your personal essay be a testament to your unique perspective and experiences.

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How to Write a Personal Essay

Last Updated: February 2, 2023 Fact Checked

This article was co-authored by Jake Adams . Jake Adams is an academic tutor and the owner of Simplifi EDU, a Santa Monica, California based online tutoring business offering learning resources and online tutors for academic subjects K-College, SAT & ACT prep, and college admissions applications. With over 14 years of professional tutoring experience, Jake is dedicated to providing his clients the very best online tutoring experience and access to a network of excellent undergraduate and graduate-level tutors from top colleges all over the nation. Jake holds a BS in International Business and Marketing from Pepperdine University. There are 10 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. This article has been fact-checked, ensuring the accuracy of any cited facts and confirming the authority of its sources. This article has been viewed 309,868 times.

A good personal essay can move and inspire readers. It can also leave the reader unsettled, uncertain, and full of more questions than answers. To write an effective personal essay, you will need to first understand the structure of a personal essay. You will then need to brainstorm ideas for the personal essay so you are ready when it is time to sit down and craft your essay.

Starting Your Personal Essay

• For example, maybe you want to write about an experience where you learned about failure. You may think the time you failed a pop quiz in class. Though the quiz may have seemed insignificant to you at the time, you realized later that failing the pop quiz forced you to reassess your goals and motivated you to get a passing grade. Seen from a certain angle, your small failure became a gateway to perseverance and determination.

• This could be a seemingly small moment that ended up having a profound influence on you later, such the first time you experienced disgust as a child or the look on your mother’s face when you told her you were gay. Try to really dig into why you were hurt or compelled to overcome a challenge in this moment in your essay.
• Remember that moments charged with strong emotion will often be more engaging to readers. Having a strong reaction to a specific moment will allow you to write passionately about it and keep your reader interested in your essay.

• For example, you may focus on the day you found out your father cheated on your mother, or the week you mourned the death of a loved one. Think about a heavy experience in your life that shaped who you are today.
• You may also decide to write about a seemingly light topic or event, such as your first ride on a roller coaster, or the first time you went on a cruise with your partner. No matter what event you choose, make sure it is an event that triggered a strong emotional response, ranging from anger to confusion to unabashed joy.

• For example, you may think about why you and your mother stopped speaking years ago or why you are no longer close to a childhood friend. You may also look at past romantic relationships that failed and consider why they did not succeed or a relationship with a mentor that went sour.
• This could also be about someone that you're close with. For example, you could write about a moment that tested your relationship with a close friend.

• Ask yourself questions about the current event. For example, how does the current event intersect with your own experiences? How can you explore a current social issue or event using your personal thoughts, experiences, and emotions?
• For example, you may have an interest in writing about Syrian refugee camps in Europe. You may then focus your personal essay on your own status as a refugee in America and how your experiences a refugee have shaped the person you are now. This will allow you to explore a current event from a personal perspective, rather than simply talk about the current event from a distant, journalistic perspective.

• The introductory section should include “the hook”, opening lines where you catch the reader’s attention. It should also have some sort of narrative thesis, which is often the beginning of an important event in the piece or a theme that connects your experience to a universal idea.
• The body sections should include supporting evidence for your narrative thesis and/or the key themes in your piece. Often, this is in the form of your experiences and your reflections on your experiences. You should also note the passage of time in your body sections so the reader is aware of when and how certain events occurred.
• The concluding section should include a conclusion to the events and experiences discussed in the essay. You should also have a moral of the story moment, where you reflect on what you learned from your experiences or how your experiences changed your life.
• In the past, it was advised to have five paragraphs total, one paragraph for the introductory section, three paragraphs for the body section, and one paragraph for the concluding section. But you can have more or less than five paragraphs for your personal essay as long as you have all three sections.

Writing the Personal Essay

• Don't begin with a line that explains exactly what is going to be discussed in, such as, “In this essay, I will be discussing my fraught relationship with my mother." Instead, draw your reader into your piece and still provide all the information needed in your opening line.
• Start instead with a specific scene that contains the key characters of the essay and allows you discuss the central question or theme. Doing this will allow you to introduce the reader to the characters and the central conflict right away.
• For example, if you are writing about your fraught relationship with your mother, you may focus on a specific memory where you both disagreed or clashed. This could be the time you and your mother fought over a seemingly insignificant item, or the time you argued about a family secret.
• Try to use an active voice instead of a passive voice as much as possible when you're writing your essay.

• This writing voice may be conversational, much like how you might speak to a good friend or a family member. Or, the writing voice may be more reflective and internal, where you question your own assumptions and thoughts about the subject of the essay.
• Many personal essays are written in the first person, using “I”. You may decide to write in the present tense to make the story feel immediate, or past tense, which will allow you to reflect more on specific events or moments.
• Include vivid sensory descriptions in your essay to help the reader connect with your unique perspective. Describing touch, smell, taste, sight, and sound can help the reader invest in your story and feel like they're there with you.

• You can also include lines of dialogue spoken by your characters, based on your memory of the event. However, you should limit dialogue to only a few lines a page, as too much dialogue can start to veer away from personal essay and more toward fiction.

• You may use a plot outline to organize your essay. The plot points should act as supporting evidence for the central question or issue of the essay.

• It’s important to remember that though an experience may appear to have all the drama necessary to make a good personal essay, it may be a drama that is too familiar to the reader already. Be wary of experiences that are familiar and filled with pathos that a reader may have experienced before.
• If you are writing about the sudden death of a loved one, for example, it may feel important and deep to you. But the reader will likely know what to expect of an essay about a dead loved one, and may not relate to your essay because they did not know the loved one like you did.
• Instead, you may try to uncover a truth that is deeper than “I am sad my loved one died.” Think about what the loved one meant to you and how the loved one affected your life, in positive and negative ways. This could lead to the uncovering of a deeper truth and a stronger personal essay.

Polishing Your Essay

• For example, you may use metaphor to describe the experience of telling your mother you are gay. You may describe your mother’s face as “impenetrable, a sudden wall”. Or you may use a simile, such as “my mother’s reaction was silent and stunned, as if she had been struck by lightning.”

• As you read it out loud, you should highlight any sentences that are confusing or unclear as well as sentences that do not appear as strong as the rest of the draft. You should also make sure your characters are well developed and your essay follows some kind of structure or sense of plot. Consider if you are hitting a deeper truth in your draft and what you can do to get there if it is not yet on the page.Revising your essay will only make it that much stronger.

• When you are revising, you should consider if your content is really worth writing about, if you are writing about a topic or subject you are passionate about, and if your reader will understand your writing. You want to avoid confusing your reader, as this can turn her off from reading to the end of your essay.
• You should also make sure the focus and themes of the essay are clear. Your experiences should center around a central question, issue, or theme. This will ensure your personal essay is well written and concise.
• Avoid relying on spellcheck to catch all of the spelling and grammar errors in your essay.

Expert Q&A

• To get a better sense of the genre, you should read highly crafted examples of personal essay. There are several known personal essays that are often taught in academia, including "Notes of a Native Son” by James Baldwin, “The Death of a Moth” by Virginia Woolf, “Shipping Out” by David Foster Wallace, “The White Album” by Joan Didion, and “We Do Abortions Here” by Sallie Tisdale. Thanks Helpful 1 Not Helpful 0
• Ask yourself several questions as you read the examples, such as: How does the writer introduce the subject of their essay? How does the writer explore the subject for a personal perspective? What are the key themes in the essay? How does the writer connect their personal experiences to a universal theme or idea? How does the writer use humor or wit in the essay? What is the concluding moral of the essay? Does the end of the essay leave you satisfied, unsettled, curious, or all of the above? Thanks Helpful 1 Not Helpful 0

Sample Essay and Template

You Might Also Like

• ↑ https://owl.excelsior.edu/writing-process/thesis-sentence/thesis-sentence-angles/
• ↑ Jake Adams. Academic Tutor & Test Prep Specialist. Expert Interview. 20 May 2020.
• ↑ https://courses.lumenlearning.com/englishcomp1/chapter/writing-a-narrative-or-personal-essay/
• ↑ https://www.grammarly.com/blog/personal-essay/
• ↑ https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/how-to-write-a-personal-essay
• ↑ https://stlcc.edu/student-support/academic-success-and-tutoring/writing-center/writing-resources/point-of-view-in-academic-writing.aspx
• ↑ https://www.grammarly.com/blog/story-plot/
• ↑ https://www.grammarly.com/blog/literary-devices/
• ↑ http://admissions.vanderbilt.edu/vandybloggers/2013/09/how-to-write-your-personal-essay/
• ↑ http://writingcenter.unc.edu/handouts/revising-drafts/

About This Article

To write a personal essay, start by deciding on an experience that affected your life in some way, such as how failing a pop quiz in class made you change your goals. Next, draft an outline containing the points you want to make, and including an introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. When writing, start your essay with an engaging scene that introduces the characters and main theme, then develop the characters in the body section so they're well-rounded. Conclude by summing up what you learned from the experience. For tips on how to include a plot in your essay and how to proofread your work, read on! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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What Is a Personal Essay (Personal Statement)?

Glossary of Grammatical and Rhetorical Terms

• An Introduction to Punctuation
• Ph.D., Rhetoric and English, University of Georgia
• M.A., Modern English and American Literature, University of Leicester
• B.A., English, State University of New York

A personal essay is a short work of autobiographical nonfiction characterized by a sense of intimacy and a conversational manner. Also called a personal statement . 

A type of creative nonfiction , the personal essay is "all over the map," according to Annie Dillard. "There's nothing you can't do with it. No subject matter is forbidden, no structure is prescribed. You get to make up your own form every time." ("To Fashion a Text," 1998) .

Examples of Personal Essays

• An Apology for Idlers , by Robert Louis Stevenson
• On Laziness , by Christopher Morley
• Coney Island at Night, by James Huneker
• New Year's Eve , by Charles Lamb
• How It Feels to Be Colored Me , by Zora Neale Hurston
• My Wood, by E.M. Forster
• Two Ways of Seeing a River , by Mark Twain
• What I Think and Feel at 25, by F. Scott Fitzgerald

Observations

• The personal essay is one of the most common types of writing assignment--and not only in freshman composition courses. Many employers, as well as graduate and professional schools, will ask you to submit a personal essay (sometimes called a personal statement ) before even considering you for an interview. Being able to compose a coherent version of yourself in words is clearly an important skill.
• What qualities does a personal essay reveal about you? Here are just a few:
• Communication Skills How effective are your communication skills? Do you write clearly, concisely, and correctly? Note that many employers put communication skills at the top of the list of essential qualifications.
• Critical Thinking Skills How fresh and imaginative are you in your thinking? Is your writing cluttered with cliches , or is it obvious that you have original ideas to contribute?
• Maturity What specific lessons have you learned from experience, and are you ready to apply those lessons to the job or the academic program you're considering? Keep in mind that it's not enough to be able to recount a personal experience; you should be prepared to interpret it as well.
• Self and Subject in Personal Essays "[W]here the familiar essay is characterized by its everyday subject matter, the personal essay is defined more by the personality of its writer, which takes precedence over the subject. On the other hand, the personal essayist does not place himself firmly in center stage, as does the autobiographical essayist; the autobiographical element of the personal essay is far less calculated..."
• The Essayist's Persona "Personal essayists from Montaigne on have been fascinated with the changeableness and plasticity of the materials of human personality. Starting with self-description, they have realized they can never render all at once the entire complexity of a personality. So they have elected to follow an additive strategy, offering incomplete shards, one mask or persona after another: the eager, skeptical, amiable, tender, curmudgeonly, antic, somber. If 'we must remove the mask,' it is only to substitute another mask..."
• The "Antigenre": An Alternative to Academic Prose "[T]he more personal essay offers an escape from the confines of academic prose . By using this antigenre form that in contemporary essays embodies multiple kinds of writing, many essayists in search of democracy find a freedom for expressing in their writings spontaneity, self-reflexivity, accessibility, and a rhetoric of sincerity."
• Teaching the Personal Essay "Given the opportunity to speak their own authority as writers, given a turn in the conversation, students can claim their stories as primary source material and transform their experiences into evidence ..."
• Essay Forms "Despite the anthologists' custom of presenting essays as 'models of organization ,' it is the loose structure or apparent shapelessness of the essay that is often stressed in standard definitions. . . . Samuel Johnson famously defined the essay as 'an irregular, indigested piece, not a regular and orderly performance.' And certainly, a number of essayists (Hazlitt and Emerson, for instance, after the fashion of Montaigne) are readily identifiable by the wayward or fragmentary nature of their explorations. Yet each of these writers observes certain distinctive organizing (or disorganizing) principles of his own, thus charting the ramble and shaping the form. As Jeanette Harris observes in Expressive Discourse , 'Even in the case of a personal essay , which may appear informal and loosely structured, the writer has crafted with care this very appearance of informality' (122).

Theresa Werner, "Personal Essay."  Encyclopedia of the Essay , ed. by Tracy Chevalier. Fitzroy Dearborn, 1997

E.B. White , Foreword to  Essays of E.B. White . Harper and Row, 1977

Cristina Kirklighter,  Traversing the Democratic Borders of the Essay . SUNY Press, 2002

Nancy Sommers, "Between the Drafts."  College Composition and Communication , February 1992

Richard F. Nordquist, "Voices of the Modern Essay." Dissertation University of Georgia, 1991

• What Are the Different Types and Characteristics of Essays?
• The Essay: History and Definition
• Compose a Narrative Essay or Personal Statement
• 6 Steps to Writing the Perfect Personal Essay
• Free Modifiers: Definition, Usage, and Examples
• What is a Familiar Essay in Composition?
• personal statement (essay)
• The Difference Between an Article and an Essay
• Biographies: The Stories of Humanity
• Genres in Literature
• Understanding Organization in Composition and Speech
• Tips for the Pre-2013 Personal Essay Options on the Common Application
• What Does "Persona" Mean?
• Definition and Examples of Formal Essays
• Point of View in Grammar and Composition
• What E.B. White Has to Say About Writing

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How to Write a Personal Essay for Your College Application

What does it take to land in the “accept” (instead of “reject”) pile?

How can you write an essay that helps advance you in the eyes of the admissions officers and makes a real impression? Here are some tips to get you started.

• Start early.  Do not leave it until the last minute. Give yourself time when you don’t have other homework or extracurriculars hanging over your head to work on the essay.
• Keep the focus narrow.  Your essay does not have to cover a massive, earth-shattering event. Some people in their teens haven’t experienced a major life event. Some people have. Either way, it’s okay.
• Be yourself.  Whether writing about a painful experience or a more simple experience, use the narrative to be vulnerable and honest about who you are. Use words you would normally use. Trust your voice and the fact that your story is interesting enough in that no one else has lived it.
• Be creative.  “Show, don’t tell,” and that applies here — to an extent. The best essays typically do both. You can help your reader see and feel what you are describing by using some figurative language throughout your piece.
• Make a point. As you finish your final body paragraphs ask yourself “So what?” This will help you hone in on how to end your essay in a way that elevates it into a story about an insight or discovery you made about yourself, rather than just being about an experience you had.

Where your work meets your life. See more from Ascend here .

We’ve all heard about the dreaded “college essay,” the bane of every high school senior’s existence. This daunting element of the college application is something that can create angst for even the most accomplished students.

• AA Amy Allen is a writer, educator, and lifelong learner. Her freelance writing business,  All of the Write Words , focuses on providing high school students with one-on-one feedback to guide them through the college application process and with crafting a thoughtful personal essay. A dedicated poet, Amy’s work has also been published in several journals including  Pine Row Press ,  Months to Years,  and  Atlanta Review .

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The Ultimate Guide to Personal Essay Writing

Personal essay is not about college admission only:

Twain, Hemingway, Fitzgerald, and other  famous essayists  wrote them often to share their experiences, thoughts, and reflections. Some employers ask candidates to write personal essays before inviting them to a job interview. And even when you share a story in your blog, you write a somewhat personal essay, telling your followers about your experience.

But more often than not, a search intent of most students googling the information about these essays is about how to write a personal statement for college. Right?

So, here we are!

In this ultimate guide, you’ll find everything about personal essay writing: what topics to choose for it, how to outline and format it, how to write it step by step, and what examples to consider for writing a stellar essay about yourself.

Table of Contents:

• What is a personal essay?
• How to start a personal essay
• Personal essay outline
• Personal essays conclusions
• Personal essay topics
• Personal statement for college: format
• Personal essay examples

What is a Personal Essay? 

A  personal essay is a type of creative nonfiction serving to describe the author’s life experience and lessons (conclusions) he or she has made after it.

Reasons for personal essay writing can be different.

Fiction and nonfiction writers craft them to share stories, enlighten or inspire the audience, or warn others to avoid their mistakes. As to students, they write this essay when entering college or university: Officers ask applicants to write a personal statement (college admission essay) to get the idea of their worldview, critical thinking, and communication skills.

As a rule, such essays describe some event in your life that was significant to you and influenced your personality development. You write it from a first-person perspective and in a conversational tone to create a connection with your reader.

But for all that, personal essays have a definite structure. As well as other essay types, they need an  introduction , a few paragraphs body, and a powerful  conclusion  to impress readers. Also, your personal narrative essay should have a clear objective: It explains to admissions officers why you would be an excellent fit for their college or university .

The importance of writing a personal essay

A student needs to be able to create a personal essay because it is an opportunity to talk about yourself and show your skills and abilities. It is also an excellent method to show you can learn from mistakes and analyze actions or events. Such works are valued among teachers and allow them to make the correct opinion about you, especially if it is an admission essay. Therefore, the skill of writing a good personal essay is essential and requires a high level of concentration. Try to learn more information from our material, and you will be able to write such papers without any problems.

How to Write a Personal Essay

For those wondering how to write a personal statement for college, there’s #1 rule to remember:

Despite its conversational tone, it should have a definite structure. The standard length here is five paragraphs, though your essay can be longer or shorter if still containing all primary sections. These sections are:

• Introduction.  This is the first paragraph of your article, with a  hook  and a  thesis statement  you will describe and prove in the essay body.
• Body.  It’s your story itself, with its points and evidence supporting your thesis statement. Here you explain how this or that event shaped your perspective and share your reflections on the lessons learned.
• Conclusion.  It’s the last paragraph, restating your thesis and telling the moral of your story. Here you say why your essay matters and sum up the things you want others to take away from your personal narrative essay.

Need more details on how to write an essay about yourself?  Check our most detailed guide on how to write a personal essay .

How to Start a Personal Essay

In the first paragraph of your personal  narrative essay , you need to capture the reader’s attention. Use a writing hook but avoid cliches like opening your article with a famous yet overused quote.

The introductory paragraph of your essay also needs to provide a personal statement you will explain and prove in the body paragraphs. Do your best to give some background on the topic, and make sure to finish the paragraph with a transition (a bridge) to the essay body.

Hint:  Don’t reveal all the information in the essay introduction! It’s like with spoilers: Who will spend time reading your long story if you tell everything in the intro?

Further reading:   How to Start a College Essay

Personal Essay Outline

When it comes to essay outlines, a student considers a type of writing he needs to cover (whether it’s  persuasive ,  expository ,  critical , or other) and then comes up with structuring all the elements his essay should contain.

When it comes to personal essays, an  outline  is essential too. Yes, this writing is about telling a story from a first-person perspective; but, let’s face it, how often did you listen to someone who wanted to tell a story but this story seemed to have no point?

It’s all about a story structure. College essays include all the elements of storytelling (a plot, setting, characters, a conflict, and moral), and an outline will help you organize the story so you wouldn’t miss any core element when writing.

In other words,  it’s a plan or a map of your personal essay.

You start with a hook and a statement, then introduce a character (yourself) and the sequence of events that happened to you, support your statement, describe a conflict, and come to a conclusion.

A college essay is like a fiction story, with its rising action, turning point, and conflict resolution. Your task here is to evoke an emotional response from readers but, for all that, follow the essay structure.

Personal Essays Conclusions

The last paragraph of an essay is a resolution of the whole story. Here you summarize what you’ve learned from the experience you described in the essay and what you’d like readers to understand.

A personal essay conclusion needs to have the following elements:

• A thesis restatement
• Main points (what you, an author, learned from the experience you described; why your story matters)
• A call to action for readers (what  they  can learn from your story)

Finish with the moral of the story, but do your best to end on a positive note. It will help readers feel inspired and make your essay more memorable.

Personal Essay Topics

As far as this essay is personal, it’s you, its author, who determines the topic. 

Personal essay topics can be about everything related to you, but, at the same time, they need to be specific about who you are. Feel free to write about the first time you failed the test, an award you won, a professor who changed your mind about books or essay writing , etc.

Please feel free to write about your friend or relative who influenced your worldview or made you feel different about something. You can tell about a  creative genius who changed your mindset or plans for the future. Long story short, any moment or persona in your life that changed you in some way can become a core topic of a college essay.

Also, please note that the experience you choose to describe in an essay doesn’t have to be positive only. Don’t be afraid to share a tragedy or some negative moment that influenced you anyway.

The best essay topics are always those profoundly relatable. Write about facing a fear, discovering something, falling in love, making a difficult choice, overcoming obstacles… The moments happening in everyone’s life and communicating some universal truth are what you need for a college essay to succeed.

Find out the details: Check our list of personal essay topics and learn how to choose them for your story.

Personal Statement for College: Format

A personal essay format looks like a structure of most standard five-paragraph essays. You start with an introduction, then craft a three-paragraph body telling your story, and finally wrap up the piece with a conclusion. Doesn’t seem difficult, right?

But given that this type of essays reminds a narrative, it also needs to be formatted with all elements of storytelling in mind. They are what make your personal statement powerful and memorable, as well as allow you to stand out from the crowd of other applicants in college.

Here at Bid4Papers, professional writers help students craft a format that makes their stories stand out. Yet, if you don’t want to ask anyone for help, feel free to check our detailed guide on personal essay formatting:

Further reading: College Essay Format

Follow these tips when writing a personal essay

The experts have presented the best personal essay guidelines to help you cope with the task and get a high grade. Here is your future algorithm of actions:

• Prepare yourself. Remember that definition of personal essay requires you to create a research paper about your personal experiences. Set yourself a goal to stick to for the duration of the assignment.
• Organize your work. In this step, you must create a clear plan for your work. The more small sections you can break down your assignment into, the easier it will be for you to start writing it later. Keep a chronological sequence because this is essential for any personalized essay.
• Choose the best topic. Try to use one of the popular topics or create your own. The main thing is that it coincides with your experience and knowledge. After all, the research paper will be about you; therefore, you must tell how the topic influenced or changed your worldview. Examples might include “How my friend influenced my life” or “What lessons have helped me decide on my future.” All personal essay formats will look better if you choose the right subject matter for your paper.
• Consider the tone of the narrative. You need to think about the feelings you want to evoke in your audience. In a personal essay, it is crucial to present your personality correctly. It can be about your past experiences or, on the contrary, written with a retrospective on those events. Don’t forget about the correct verbs, and be mindful of tenses.
• Include a moral in your paper. By all means, the student should write a moral or lesson learned from the story. Give food for thought to your readers based on your experiences and conclusions. For example, you may have overcome a challenge, learned something, become a leader, or realized your mistakes. These are all excellent morals that you can describe.

Next, you must write according to the structure we’ve given above in our material. These simple recommendations will make your personalized essays more exciting and correct. The main thing is to stick to the rules and write them in understandable language so that no one gets confused while reading.

Personal Essay Examples

It’s better to see once than hear twice, do you agree? We know that most students look for real college personal statement examples online, and many peers of theirs are ready to share samples for educational purposes.

With the help of these essay samples, high school graduates understand the assignment better and learn about how to write a college essay so that it would impress admissions officers. Essay examples also help to get an idea of the structure, storytelling components, and plot twists to consider when you craft your own writing piece.

But Bid4Papers go to even greater extremes here:

We’ve not only gathered the best personal essay examples for you but also asked some admissions officers to share their advice on college essay writing. So, check the link below, and don’t hesitate to ask questions in the comment section if you have any.

Must-check: Best College Essays That Worked: Advice from Admissions Officers

And now, over to you:

Did we miss anything in this ultimate guide on personal essay writing? Is there anything else you’d like us to cover on the topic? Our writers are open to all the questions and suggestions you might have. <3

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Three Big Tips for Writing A Personal Essay

EVERY YEAR OR SO, I read another high-minded piece on how the personal essay is dead. And every year or so, I get to have the same, good-hearted laugh. The personal essay, that manageable, distinctive delivery system for something that is in one’s head or heart and gets put down on the page, will never die. Long live the personal essay. But what are they and is writing a personal essay a difficult thing to do? Let’s take this on together, shall we?

What is a Personal Essay?

A personal essay is a short piece of writing from you that illuminates us on one of your areas of expertise. It is what you know after something you’ve been through, and if that phrase sounds familiar, it’s because I use that phrase a lot when defining memoir.

All non-fiction is an argument. So, too, the personal essay. These are mighty little creatures and they come in several forms, varying in length as well as in power of argument, in which you may be arguing something as simple as the fact that gardening enriches one’s soul, as spiritual as that simple human kindness can bind old wounds, or as complex as something in favor of an entirely new world order.

Within the category of the personal essay is short form, long form and the Op-ed.

How to Construct A Personal Essay

Let me start off with what I call The Three Rules of Three, specifically three sets of rules of three rules each for how to write the personal essay. Print these out, tack them to your wall and follow them and your essays will flourish. My hope is that reading them will convey to you the need for structure in your writing. Structure is required to write well. Structure, as we say here in The Memoir Project House of Writing, is Queen.

The Three Rules of Three

The Three Essential Pieces of a Personal Essay

• Your cosmic graph
• Your kicker

Three Rules for Writing a Personal Essay

• Write What You Know
• Show, don’t Tell
• Don’t make your personal essay kicker a couplet

Three Things You Edit For

• Proof of that argument

The First Rule of Three

As these lists indicate, these are building blocks no personal essay should lack. Let’s define them.

The Three Essential Pieces of a Personal Essay.

The lede:  Though this is also spelled “lead” by some – it rhymes with reed — this is your opener. It takes its name from when newspaper headlines and type were set in lead – rhymes with bed — and should start the piece off by sweeping us into your tale. Quick tip: We will not be swept in with a list of names, dates and places, as in “My uncle, Charlie Smith, was thirty-four years old in 2018 and living on West 125th Street in Manhattan.” Nope. Little interest there.

There are two types of ledes when writing a personal essay. The first is the direct lede, where in no more than 30 words, you make the point of your essay. This is mostly seen in the Op-ed, a type of essay in which you try to persuade us toward some specific action.

The other type of lede is the anecdote lede which tells us a story by relating an example, delaying the point of the piece until the cosmic or nut graph.

Cosmic graph:  No matter what kind of lede you write, your reader must know what is at stake by paragraph four, called the cosmic graph or the nut graph. With direct ledes, your intent will be clear from the first sentence. With anecdote ledes, this intent must be established, frequently stated right here, in paragraph four.

For example, in an Op-Ed extolling the virtues of Father’s Day, using your dad as the example in the lede, paragraph four might simply read, “This is a love story.”

The kicker: This wraps up your argument – not by restating what you’ve written, but by tying up any lose ends or simply finishing your point. No flourish necessary here.

Want more on your lede? Got it right here. Despite spelling it the radio (instead of the newspaper) way, this NPR piece on how to write a good lede is excellent,  as is this piece in the Utne Reader on how to write the personal essay. Perhaps I love the latter because it covers your infant son’s inevitable future worries about how much trouble his penis will be. Honestly? Who has more fun than someone who works that into a writing 101 piece on how to write a certain form? Hats off to Utne. Nicely done.

The Second Rule of Three

Three Rules for Writing a Personal Essay.

Write What You Know. This is probably the most overused phrase in writing. What does it mean? In terms of memoir, this great phrase should serve as a fine reminder for what you are doing at the desk when you write memoir. You are writing about what you’ve learned after something you’ve been through. For that is how to define memoir.

If I have a Golden Rule for Writing Memoir, it’s this: Memoir is not about what you did. Memoir is about what you did with it. Live by it.

Show, don’t tell. As to show, don’t tell, it means exactly what it says. Do not tell me it was the saddest day of your life. Show me you being unable to zip up your own dress while dressing for your spouse’s funeral, illustrating that how, for 32 years, you’ve had that dress zipped for you and now, today, you melt down trying to zip the damn dress. Now that’s sad. Show me sad.

And that couplet?  Do not make that last line of your essay like those two last lines of a Shakespeare sonnet, where he sums up for us what he just told us. It works wonderfully for him. Not so much for you. Get out gracefully and let us come to our own conclusions.

The Third Rule of Three

Three Things You Edit For.

Editing for space. Read up on the website, magazine or radio program in which you want your work published or heard on the air. What are their space limitations? Write to those.

All pieces of non-fiction are an argument . Even memoir. Even a short personal essay argues something, even if it is as simple as that gardening will enrich your soul. You are going to edit for making that argument loud and clear without ever actually stating it. How? By showing it, remember?

How do you argue something? By giving us a scene that illustrates your argument and letting us make our own conclusions. They are scenes from your life, so you’ve already got these on you. Just go mining for them. What best illustrates what you learned about grief? What moment in that grief taught you what it is you are writing about now? What instant got you thinking about changing your own relationship to that grief? Show it to us and we’ll learn the lesson you learned. But do not beat us over the head with it. A nice, light touch is at the hallmark of a great essay writer. Want to convince me that fly-fishing for trout will delight me? Take me onto the stream via the page. Show me what it does for you.

That proof of your argument?  Leave in only scenes that show us your argument, heightening and adding to that argument along the way through the piece.

What is an Op-Ed?

As I mentioned above, an Op-Ed is a form of personal essay in which you present a strong, persuasive set of facts to get us to vote your way, abandon all hope your way (just kidding), or otherwise act. It should be written from your own perspective and in the area of your expertise. It takes its name from its position in the newspaper — literally opposite the editorial page.

The websites of most newspapers offer guidelines on length of the pieces they publish, but most expect work to range from 600 to 800 words. It should include facts marshalled to support your views. At better newspapers, an editor will work with you to help you shape your piece, but every editor expects clean copy and adherence to the newspaper’s length and style guidelines. Your work must be timely, quickly following a news event or coinciding with a prevalent idea.

Op-Eds are great ways to attract publishing attention. When writing non-fiction, particularly memoir, consider what you might like to say to the world on your topic. Can you argue something about your parents long-term care or your child’s battle with addiction? Can you say something short and definitive about the status of the American racehorse, whose rehabilitation and retirement you’ve devoted your life to improving? Have you got a stream you fish on that you’ve noticed is reverting to its former polluted state? A well-written, well-placed Op-Ed might lead to that book contract.

Two of my four books originated with pieces I published that attracted attention. Test your material, people. It’s a great way to find an audience, as well as a publisher.

Interested in Writing an Op-Ed? I teach a class on that. In fact, I co-teach an online class on how to write an Op-Ed that with someone who has written hundreds of opinion pieces, who is the editor and Vice President of a metro newspaper and who has both a weekly newspaper column, as well as nationally-syndicated weekly public radio show. Join us.

Where You Can You Read Some Personal Essays

The best place to read the long-form personal essay is in publications that publish them in that long form. Not everyone does. For instance, The New Yorker features a column called Personal History. These are the best of the best long-form personal essays, though the form does come in far longer lengths than these. But start with those. And you may send me a thank-you note after you read a few because yes, these are great. It is here that you will find authors such as Nora Ephron, David Sedaris, Ariel Levy and Jonathan Franzen. These pieces run several thousand words and are as good as the long-form essay can be.

Where to Submit Personal Essays

There was a golden time when National Public Radio published lots of personal essays on their marvelous show, All Things Considered . I wrote some for them and you can read some of my NPR All Things Considered essays here . You will also see a good number of personal essays in my irreverent little book, The Memoir Project . However, do not despair that NPR has given up the form. Your local public radio may love the personal essay and would run yours — if only you’d write and submit them. Here is a link from one of my students’ essays heard on WAMC , Northeast Public Radio. They — and I say this with all the disappointment in them I can muster — have stopped running these essays. Perhaps your station has not made such an unwise decision. Locate your own local station and find the place online for instructions on how to submit.

As you may well know, the single most-read and most-submitted-to essay these days in the Modern Love column from the Sunday New York Times.  Running at about 1,700 words, it is longer than many essays, meaning it is neither a short essay nor anywhere near the length of what is considered long-form memoir. Some of the latter may run as long as seven or eight-thousand words. Here is a short piece by the column’s editor explaining what the Modern Love column does.  What are the most memorable of these columns? Easy. Amy Krouse Rosenthal’s, “ You May Want to Marry My Husband ,” and the one that produced marriages worldwide when strangers started asking each other  the 36 questions  in Mandy Len Catron’s essay “ To Fall in Love With Anyone, Do This .”

But never discount your local newspaper for being without places to learn. As my father used to say about the newspaper we all read growing up, “It’s an affordable education, every day.” He was a sportswriter and he loved the paper for all of its great qualities, but particularly when a fine piece of writing came under his nose. For instance, he would have adored this, a marvelous essay from the Times Union, of Albany, New York, by Casey Seiler  that might be the best thing I’ve ever read on a common parental shift.

And there you go. Now write. The world is waiting.

Want more? Come see me in class. I obviously love to talk about the personal essay and will be glad to teach you more. Start with Memoirama, my live, 90-minute online memoir class that will get you going. Hope to see you there.

Photo by Kyle Glenn on Unsplash

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Reader interactions.

Patricia says

September 13, 2018 at 9:22 pm

Okay, this is kismet. I commented on a recent post about having difficulty mining a personal crisis for a memoir or screenplay because broaching the topic seemed to call similar crisis to me in some horrible Groundhog Day-like repeat (only I haven’t experienced the mad jazz piano skills of Bill Murray’s character). So, I thought about starting smaller and on a more positive note: a personal essay about reinventing yourself after 50 as seen through just a few key experiences, without dredging up the entire last decade.

And voila, here is a sign that was probably the right decision. Thank you! I took copious notes. Even though I write for a living, I almost never get to write in the first person. If I like the first draft, maybe I’ll try to pitch it somewhere

marion says

September 19, 2018 at 1:20 pm

Dear Patricia, I am delighted that it was helpful. Writing small can lead to very big things. Go get em. Best, Marion

September 18, 2018 at 5:57 pm

A most enriching post. Thank you, Marion.

You are most welcome, Jules. Please come back soon. Best, Marion

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• Our Mission

The Lasting Value of the Personal Essay

This writing form has a value that goes beyond the college application as it nurtures self-reflection and inspires creativity.

I still remember my own personal essay that I wrote decades ago during my college admissions process. My essay focused on movies and how movies were a conduit of curiosity. It was also about the death of my father and how movies, in part, had provided a common ground for us—a connection. Although my essay, of course, was not the sole determining factor in my admission, it’s a predominant memory from that time of my life. To this day, I feel it had a persuasive effect on my admittance.

In fact, now looking back, I can’t recall my grade point average or my class rank or the final grade that my English teacher gave me on my literary analysis of Heart of Darkness. Even my exact SAT score, back then a real measure of academic aptitude, remains fuzzy to me all these years later, “shaded in wistful half-lights,” as described by Norman Maclean. I can, however, remember nearly every sentence, if not quite every word, of the personal essay I submitted to my first-choice college, which has undoubtedly, for me, over the years remained one of the most important pieces of writing I have ever produced.

The personal essay is an enduring literary genre and an art form that provides often-challenging material in English classes. In my Advanced Placement Language and Composition course, we frequently read works from an array of authors from various eras, including Michel de Montaigne, Virginia Woolf, E. B. White, Joan Didion, André Aciman, Brian Doyle, Dr. Oliver Sacks. These writers function as exemplars for my students to both analyze and model not only for their rhetorical value but also for their stylistic technique and philosophical ruminations.

Power of Personalization

One of the most predominant rhetorical strategies we recognize in these texts is personalization. And so Woolf’s “The Death of the Moth” has impacted my students throughout the years with its frank depiction of psychological tension, addressing philosophical themes on an existential level that never fail to capture their attention—so much so, that a group of students painted a mural on the wall outside my classroom, a visual interpretation of Woolf’s essay that they titled Memento Mori .

The candor and intimacy of Dr. Oliver Sacks’s depiction of his final days before his death from cancer have engendered numerous touching and insightful comments from my students during our Socratic seminars analyzing his almost unendurably moving personal essay, “My Periodic Table.” 

Students respond viscerally, it seems, to the personal. Sadly, many students have been touched by some of the same tragic subject matter that we analyze through these texts. During our seminars and journal assignments, my students have revealed their own personal connections to some of the personal essays we read in class, connecting, I think, to the shared experiences that we have all had throughout human history. 

Our students often find themselves facing a vortex of standardized tests, AP exams, and benchmarks throughout the school year, which often emphasize the formulaic. The active process of personal choice on topic and subject seems lost. So often my students ask me questions when writing an essay, seeking a particular answer, as if literary analysis were calculus. Missing is the creativity, the exploration of writing free from academic constraints like rubrics and scoring guides. Writer-editor Steve Moyer asserts in  Edsitement , “Nuanced thought... requires a greater gestation period than the nearly instant gratification made possible on Twitter.” I have witnessed this impatience from my own students.

There can be a restlessness in the writing process, a hesitancy for revision or drafting. Personal essays require self-reflection and a free-flowing freedom from rigid form that my students embrace in a way that they don’t with an argument or research-based essay. On more than one occasion during parent-teacher conferences, I have had parents tell me that their child used to love creative writing, but somewhere along the way, the rigor of school seemed to have killed it.

Personal essays, then, restore that creativity, since they encourage a freedom from form. Students can experiment with style and figurative language and syntax in ways that the traditional academic five-paragraph essay often thwarts.

Personal essays also allow teachers to really get to know our students, too. The inherent intimacy of a personal essay, the connection between the writer and the reader—in this case, a student and a teacher—provides insight into the concerns, the dreams, the emotions of our students in addition to allowing us to assess how they exercise their compositional skills, including imagery, syntax, diction, and figurative language. Here, then, a teacher has the best of both worlds. We’re able to both connect to our students on an emotional level and evaluate their learning on an academic level. Personal essays also serve as an emotional outlet. 

There seems to be a common assumption that personal essays for high school students serve only the college application process, so the process begins during their senior year. Personal writing, however, should occur throughout a student’s academic experience. The narrative essays that most elementary school students encounter evolve into the more ruminative, philosophical, and reflective personal writing they will encounter during their senior year from many of Common App essay prompts.

Many teachers implement journal writing in their classrooms that provides a firm foundation for the type of personal writing that the college admissions essay requires. In my own class of juniors, the last assignment we complete for the year is a personal essay. My intent is to help prepare them for the college essay they will write, hopefully, during the summer so that they will have a solid draft before the application process begins. 

Teaching our students this strategy in their own writing benefits them in their futures, not only for the imminent college application process but also for job interviews. For example, I was mentoring a student, a senior who had no desire to go to college, about the job interview process he would soon face after graduation. We rehearsed and practiced the types of questions he might encounter from a future employer. I encouraged him to remember the personal details of his experience, personalizing everything in a way that would allow him to ideally stand out as a job candidate.

Through personal essay writing, my overarching, grand ambition is to instill in my students ultimately a love of reflection, looking back on their experience, reminiscing on significant memories that linger, carefully considering the seemingly little moments that, only upon reflection, have an enormous impact on us.

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The personal essay.

Unlike the rest of your application, which primarily consists of filling in boxes, the personal essay gives you the freedom to essentially write about whatever you want. No rules! Show who you are! Which sounds pretty cool, until you’re sitting there looking at a blank Word document.

While the personal essay is a great opportunity to infuse your voice into the application, I think some people (cough, me, cough) can get overwhelmed by it to the point where they don’t know how to begin. What do I write about? What makes me stand out? How can I explain all of this in only a few hundred words?

Well, as someone who eventually managed to get some words down on that blank document and turn out a decent college essay, here are a few words of advice.

1. Start by writing something.

I know, that sounds really obvious. But sometimes the hardest part of writing is just getting started – if you spend too much time criticizing your ideas before you write anything down, you won’t get anywhere. Write a few sentences, jot down some random ideas, note a couple anecdotes that might be interesting… just get something on paper that you can look back to. Maybe one of those ideas will catch, and BOOM you have an essay – or maybe you’ll look back to this list after a few weeks and think of something else that you would rather write about. That’s fine! The beginning of the creative process involves coming up with ideas, judging them comes later. Trust me, I took a class on this (really: it was a psych class called “Creativity: Madmen, Geniuses, and Harvard Students.”)

2. Think about something that has some significance to you.

Many students feel like they have to write about some huge, life-changing, important event in their lives. If you have something like this that you want to write about, that’s great! However, you can also write an awesome essay about something other than The Most Important Thing Ever. It can be the littlest things, if you explain their significance well, that actually stand out. In my case, somewhere in my essay I mentioned that I got up at 5:37am (rather than 5:30 or 5:45) because I liked prime numbers – and the first thing my admissions officer said when I walked into the room for my interview was, “So, prime numbers, huh?” That being said, remember that this is a college essay, so keep this audience and goal in mind as you write. When they finish reading, what do you want the admissions officers to know about you? Does this essay demonstrate something about who you are and what you care about? If not, you might want to go back to the drawing board.

3. Don’t be afraid to start over.

After finishing my first draft, I was glad to have something, but I wasn’t completely happy with it either. A week or two later, as I was reading over my essay again, I had an idea for a totally different topic - so I opened another document and completely started over. The second attempt was so much better, and I felt happy with how it turned out. It can be hard to scrap an initial attempt after spending so much time on it, but think of that time as just part of the process of getting to what you really want to write about.

4. Get an outside perspective.

One of the most useful things I did while working on my college essay was asking a couple people to read it over. At the time, I had two drafts that I was choosing between, and I wasn’t sure which one captured “me” better. When I asked my parents and teacher what they thought, they unanimously picked one option over the other. In the end, it’s important to have an essay that you are happy with – but sometimes having a fresh set of eyes can help you see what that is.

This is an important step! Both you, and perhaps someone who knows you well, should read over your essay and make sure it is in tip-top shape before you turn it in. There should be no grammatical or spelling mistakes – that gives the impression that you did not take your time on it. I know you’ve spent a long time on it by this point, but those last edits are super important!

The personal essay is a snippet of who you are and where you’re coming from – a snapshot for the admissions officers to look at as they read your application. It will never be able to capture everything about you, but you want to make sure that you’re giving them your best angle. So sit down, smile, and get to writing!

Halie Class of Alumni

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How to Write a Personal Essay: Best Tips and Easy Guide

How to Write a Personal Essay: Overview

If you're a student or someone who writes professionally, chances are you've encountered the task of composing a personal essay. Personal essays stand apart from other types of academic writing because they provide an opportunity for writers to unveil their unique personalities, recount their personal experiences, and express their deepest emotions. Crafting such college essays can pose challenges, yet it can also yield profound rewards by fostering self-discovery and forging connections with readers. In this article, we will guide you on how to write a personal essay step by step.

Defining What is a Personal Essay

Also referred to as a personal statement, a personal essay allows the writer to express their thoughts and experiences on a particular topic. It is a form of creative nonfiction writing that reveals the writer's personality, beliefs, values, and emotions. They are often used in college applications to give the admissions officers a glimpse into the applicant's life experiences and personality. They can also be used as a tool for self-reflection and personal growth.

One of the unique aspects of a personal essay is that it is written in the first person. This allows the writer to connect with the reader on a personal level and create a sense of intimacy. The writer can use their own voice and style to convey their message, making the essay more engaging and relatable.

Personal essays can take many different forms, such as a memoir, personal narrative essay, or personal reflection. They can be humorous, serious, or a combination of both. No matter if you want to learn how to write a personal narrative essay for high school or upper education, the key is to be authentic and honest in your writing, as this will make the essay more compelling.

When writing personal essays, it is important to have a clear focus and purpose. What message do you want to convey to your reader? What do you want them to take away from your essay? By answering these questions, you can create a great college essay with a lasting impact on readers.

Importance and Benefits of Personal Essay Writing

Personal essay writing is a powerful tool that can provide several benefits to the writer. The process of writing about your personal story and emotions can lead to growth and self-awareness. Here are some of the key benefits of personal essay writing:

Understanding Your Experiences and Emotions

Personal essay writing allows you to reflect on your experiences and emotions in a meaningful way. By putting your thoughts and feelings down on paper, you can gain a deeper understanding of yourself and your life experiences. This can help you to process difficult emotions, work through challenging situations, and gain a new perspective on your life.

Improving Your Writing Skills

Personal essay writing is also an excellent way to improve your writing skills. As you write more personal essays, you will develop your own unique style and voice. You will learn how to structure your writing, use language effectively, and connect with your audience. These skills will not only help you in your personal writing, but they will also be valuable in your professional life.

Finding Emotional Release

Personal essay writing can also be therapeutic. By writing about your experiences and emotions, you can release pent-up feelings and find a sense of closure. This can be especially helpful if you have experienced trauma or difficult life events. Writing can provide a safe and private space to process your emotions and work through challenging situations.

Connecting with Your Audience

Finally, personal essay writing can help you connect with your audience. By sharing your personal experiences and emotions, you can build a relationship with your readers based on shared experiences and emotions. This can be a powerful way to connect with others, build empathy, and create a sense of community.

How to Write a Personal Essay: 9 Things to Consider

Personal essays are a great way to share your experiences, thoughts, and beliefs with others. They allow you to connect with your readers on a personal level and convey a message that is unique to you. Here are 9 main things from our personal essay writer to consider while writing.

Choose a Topic

The first step in writing a personal essay is to choose the best one out of several personal essay topics that you are most passionate about. It should be a topic that reflects your experiences and resonates with your readers. Consider significant life events, childhood memories, personal beliefs, or observations that you have made. Choose a topic that you can write about in detail, and that will keep your readers engaged.

Make an Outline for Personal Essay

When curious about how to start a personal essay, create an outline for personal essay first. This will help you organize your thoughts and ideas in a logical sequence. Your outline should include an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion.

• In the introduction, you should hook the reader with an engaging opening sentence, provide background information, and a thesis statement.
• In the body paragraphs, you should provide details about your personal experiences and reflect on them.
• Lastly, in conclusion, you should summarize your key points and leave a lasting impression on the reader.

Develop a Compelling Introduction

The introductory paragraph is the most crucial part of your personal essay. It is where you hook the reader's attention and provide context for your essay. A compelling introduction should be concise, engaging, and relevant to your topic.

• Start with a startling fact, a rhetorical question, or a personal anecdote to grab the reader's attention.
• Then, provide background information to inform the reader about your topic.
• Finally, end your introduction with a thesis statement that encapsulates the central theme of your entire essay.

Share Personal Experiences

The body paragraphs of your essay should be dedicated to sharing your personal experiences and reflecting on them. Use vivid details and sensory descriptions to paint a picture for your reader. Be honest and authentic in your writing, and do not be afraid to reveal your emotions. Use literary devices such as metaphors, similes, and personification to make your writing more engaging. The body paragraphs should be well organized, with each paragraph focusing on a particular aspect of your personal experience.

Structure the Body Paragraphs

The body paragraphs of your personal essay should be structured with a clear topic sentence, supporting details, and a concluding sentence. Each paragraph should be connected to the central thesis statement and flow smoothly into the next paragraph. Use transitions to connect one paragraph to the other, and make your essay easy to read.

Reflect and Analyze

Personal essays require reflection and analysis. After sharing your personal experiences, analyze them and reflect on what you have learned. Think about how your experiences have impacted your life and your outlook on the world. Analyze the lessons you have learned and how they relate to your thesis statement. This reflection and analysis will give your essay depth and help your readers connect with you on a personal level.

Maintain Authenticity and Honesty

When wondering about how to write a good personal essay, remember that it requires honesty and authenticity. Do not try to hide your flaws or weaknesses, but rather, embrace them. Be honest about your experiences and emotions, even if they are uncomfortable. Your honesty will resonate with your readers and make your essay more relatable. Also, avoid using a fake voice or imitating other writers, as it will come across as insincere. Your personal essay should be a reflection of who you are and what you believe.

Write a Memorable Conclusion

When it comes to writing a memorable conclusion for a personal essay, there are several tips that can elevate your piece and leave a lasting impact on readers.

• Revisit the central theme or message of your essay
• Summarize the key points and experiences you have shared
• Incorporate a personal reflection or anecdote to create an emotional connection
• End with a thought-provoking question or a call to action
• Provide a sense of closure by showcasing personal growth or resolution
• Customize the conclusion to align with the overall tone and style of your essay

Edit and Revise

Editing and revising your final personal essay is a vital step in the writing process that ensures your piece is polished, cohesive, and impactful.

• Start by reviewing the overall format of personal essay, checking for a logical flow of ideas and a well-developed introduction and conclusion.
• Consider the clarity and effectiveness of your language, eliminating any unnecessary or repetitive phrases.
• Pay close attention to grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors, as they can distract readers from your message.
• As you read through your essay, assess the strength of your arguments, examples, and supporting evidence, making revisions where needed to strengthen your overall argument.
• Take time to refine your choice of words and sentence structure, aiming for clarity and precision.
• Finally, seek feedback from trusted individuals, such as teachers or peers, who can provide valuable insights and suggestions for improvement.

4 Extra Tips on How to Write a Good Personal Essay

While we've already provided you with a step-by-step guide on writing a personal essay for college, we believe that a few extra tips can take your writing from good to exceptional. So, explore some extra tips and tricks on how to write a personal narrative essay that will help you unleash the full potential of your storytelling abilities.

• Embrace vulnerability : Personal statements have the power to resonate deeply with readers when they offer genuine vulnerability. Don't be afraid to share your fears, struggles, or insecurities. By revealing your authentic self, you create a connection with readers and invite them to empathize with your experiences.
• Utilize vivid sensory details : To bring your personal essay to life, incorporate vivid sensory details. Engage your readers' senses by describing the sights, sounds, smells, tastes, and textures of the moments you're recounting. This not only adds depth and richness to your writing but also helps readers immerse themselves in your narrative.
• Experiment with structure : Personal essays don't necessarily have to follow a traditional linear structure. Feel free to experiment with different structures, such as flashbacks, circular narratives, or non-chronological storytelling. Playing with structure can add intrigue and make your essay stand out, allowing you to present your experiences in a unique and captivating way.
• Reflect on broader implications : While many personal essays are centered around your experiences, it's valuable to reflect on the broader implications and universal lessons they offer. Consider the insights and lessons you've gained from your personal journey and explore how they connect to larger themes or issues. By making these connections, you can create a personal essay that resonates on a deeper level and offers thought-provoking insights to your readers.

Personal Essay Examples

Personal essay examples have a special power to grab readers' attention and take them into the personal world of the writer. In order to best learn how to write a personal essay for college, we will look at a practical example that highlights the genuine honesty, deep thinking, and inner strength that make this type of writing so remarkable.

Unveiling My Silent Strength

In a world filled with noise, finding my voice was a journey of self-discovery and courage. Growing up, I was always the quiet one, preferring to blend into the background rather than stand out. It wasn't that I lacked opinions or thoughts; rather, I lacked the confidence to express them. But as I embarked on the path of self-reflection, I realized that my silence was hindering my personal growth.

It was during my freshman year of college that I decided to challenge myself. I joined a public speaking club, where I was exposed to a supportive community of individuals eager to improve their communication skills. Week after week, I stood before the group, trembling at first but gradually finding my footing. I learned the power of eye contact, gestures and the importance of vocal projection. The more I practiced, the more my confidence grew.

Beyond the club, I sought opportunities to raise my voice in other areas of my life. I engaged in class discussions, voicing my perspectives and challenging ideas. I started writing articles for the college newspaper, sharing my thoughts on various topics. With each step, I discovered that my voice carried weight and that my words mattered.

Finding my voice extended beyond the realm of public speaking. It became a metaphor for asserting my identity and speaking up for what I believed in. I realized that my silence had held me back from connecting with others and making a difference in the world. Through finding my voice, I found empowerment and the courage to advocate for causes that mattered to me.

Now, as I reflect on my journey, I am proud of the person I have become. While I still appreciate moments of solitude, I no longer fear raising my voice. I embrace the power of my words and the impact they can have. Finding my voice has not only transformed my self-perception but has also allowed me to forge deeper connections, inspire change, and navigate the world with a newfound sense of purpose.

In this guide, we have explored what is a personal essay along with the art of writing compelling personal narrative essay examples, uncovering valuable tips to guide you along the way. From selecting a meaningful topic to crafting an engaging piece, you have learned the importance of weaving personal experiences and emotions into our narratives.

In the meantime, you can always use our expert writing help whether you need assistance with brainstorming ideas for a personal essay, structuring your work, refining your writing style, or creating an entire paper from scratch!

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Picturing the Personal Essay: A Visual Guide

A design professor from Denmark once drew for me a picture of the creative process, which had been the subject of his doctoral dissertation. “Here,” he said. “This is what it looks like”:

Nothing is wasted though, said the design professor, because every bend in the process is helping you to arrive at your necessary structure. By trying a different angle or creating a composite of past approaches, you get closer and closer to what you intend. You begin to delineate the organic form that will match your content.

The remarkable thing about personal essays, which openly mimic this exploratory process, is that they can be so quirky in their “shape.” No diagram matches the exact form that evolves, and that is because the best essayists resist predictable approaches. They refuse to limit themselves to generic forms, which, like mannequins, can be tricked out in personal clothing. Nevertheless, recognizing a few basic underlying structures may help an essay writer invent a more personal, more unique form. Here, then, are several main options.

Narrative with a lift

Take, for example, Jo Ann Beard’s essay “The Fourth State of Matter.” The narrator, abandoned by her husband, is caring for a dying dog and going to work at a university office to which an angry graduate student has brought a gun. The sequence of scenes matches roughly the unfolding of real events, but there is suspense to pull us along, represented by questions we want answered. In fact, within Beard’s narrative, two sets of questions, correlating to parallel subplots, create a kind of double tension. When the setting is Beard’s house, we wonder, “Will she find a way to let go of the dying dog, not to mention her failing marriage?” And when she’s at work, we find ourselves asking, “What about the guy with the gun? How will he impact her one ‘safe place’?”

One interesting side note: trauma, which is a common source for personal essays, can easily cause an author to get stuck on the sort of plateau Kittredge described. Jo Ann Beard, while clearly wrestling with the immobilizing impact of her own trauma, found a way to keep the reader moving both forward and upward, until the rising tension reached its inevitable climax: the graduate student firing his gun. I have seen less-experienced writers who, by contrast, seem almost to jog in place emotionally, clutching at a kind of post-traumatic scar tissue.

The whorl of reflection

Let’s set aside narrative, though, since it is not the only mode for a personal essay. In fact, most essays are more topical or reflective, which means they don’t move through time in a linear fashion as short stories do.

One of the benefits of such a circling approach is that it seems more organic, just like the mind’s creative process. It also allows for a wider variety of perspectives—illuminating the subject from multiple angles. A classic example would be “Under the Influence,” Scott Russell Sanders’s essay about his alcoholic father. Instead of luring us up the chronological slope of plot, Sanders spirals around his father’s drinking, leading us to a wide range of realizations about alcoholism: how it gets portrayed in films, how it compares to demon-possession in the Bible, how it results in violence in other families, how it raises the author’s need for control, and even how it influences the next generation through his workaholic over-compensation. We don’t read an essay like this out of plot-driven suspense so much as for the pleasure of being surprised, again and again, by new perspective and new insight.

The formal limits of focus

My own theory is that most personal essayists, because of a natural ability to extrapolate, do not struggle to find subjects to write about. Writer’s block is not their problem since their minds overflow with remembered experiences and related ideas. While a fiction writer may need to invent from scratch, adding and adding, the essayist usually needs to do the opposite, deleting and deleting. As a result, nonfiction creativity is best demonstrated by what has been left out. The essay is a figure locked in a too-large-lump of personal experience, and the good essayist chisels away all unnecessary material.

Virginia Woolf’s “Street Haunting” is an odd but useful model. She limits that essay to a single evening walk in London, ostensibly taken to buy a pencil. I suspect Woolf gave herself permission to combine incidents from several walks in London, but no matter. The essay feels “brought together” by the imposed limits of time and place.

As it happens, “Street Haunting” is also an interesting prototype for a kind of essay quite popular today: the segmented essay. Although the work is unified by the frame of a single evening stroll, it can also be seen as a combination of many individual framed moments. If we remove the purpose of the journey—to find a pencil—the essay falls neatly into a set of discrete scenes with related reveries: a daydreaming lady witnessed through a window, a dwarfish woman trying on shoes, an imagined gathering of royalty on the other side of a palace wall, and eventually the arguing of a married couple in the shop where Woolf finally gets her pencil.

Dipping into the well

Our attention to thematic unity brings up one more important dynamic in most personal essays. Not only do we have a horizontal movement through time, but there is also a vertical descent into meaning. As a result, essayists will often pause the forward motion to dip into a thematic well.

In fact, Berry uses several of these loops of reflective commentary, and though they seem to be digressions, temporarily pulling the reader away from the forward flow of the plot, they develop an essential second layer to the essay.

Braided and layered structures

Want an example? Look at Judith Kitchen’s three-page essay “Culloden,” which manages to leap back and forth quite rapidly, from a rain-pelted moor in 18th-century Scotland to 19th-century farms in America to the blasted ruins of Hiroshima on August 6, 1945, the author’s birthday. The sentences themselves suggest the impressionistic effect that Kitchen is after, being compressed to fragments, rid of the excess verbiage we expect in formal discourse: “Late afternoon. The sky hunkers down, presses, like a lover, against the land. Small sounds. A far sheep, faint barking. . . .” And as the images accumulate, layer upon layer, we begin to feel the author’s fundamental mood, a painful awareness of her own inescapable mortality. We begin to encounter the piece on a visceral level that is more intuitive than rational. Like a poem, in prose.

Coming Full Circle

First of all, endings are related to beginnings. That’s why many essays seem to circle back to where they began. Annie Dillard, in her widely anthologized piece “Living Like Weasels,” opens with a dried-out weasel skull that is attached, like a pendant, to the throat of a living eagle—macabre proof that the weasel was carried aloft to die and be torn apart. Then, at the end of the essay, Dillard alludes to the skull again, stating, “I think it would be well, and proper, and obedient, and pure, to grasp your one necessity and not let it go, to dangle from it limp wherever it takes you.”

See how deftly Dillard accomplishes this effect simply by positing one last imagined or theoretical possibility—a way of life she hopes to master, that we ourselves might master: “Seize it and let it seize you up aloft even, till your eyes burn out and drop; let your musky flesh fall off in shreds, and let your very bones unhinge and scatter, loosened over fields, over fields and woods, lightly, thoughtless, from any height at all, from as high as eagles.” Yes, the essay has come full circle, echoing the opening image of the weasel’s skull, but it also points away, beyond itself, to something yet to be realized. The ending both closes and opens at the same time.

All diagrams rendered by Claire Bascom. An earlier version of this essay appeared in Volume I, issue 1 of The Essay Review .

This essay is fabulously This essay is fabulously useful! I’ll be showing it to my creative writing students semester after semester, I’m sure. I appreciate the piece’s clarity and use of perfect examples.

I love the succinct diagrams and cited writing examples. Very instructive and useful as A.P. comments above. I also loved that I had read the Woolf journey to buy a pencil–one of my favorite essays because it is such a familiar experience–that of observing people.

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9 Essential Features of the Personal Essay Format

Kate Sliunkova

AdmitYogi, Stanford MBA & MA in Education

1. Writing Quality

‍Because personal essays hold a mirror up to the author and are also compositions, they allow for and demand some elements of originality and creativity.

The key is to craft an essay that is uniquely yours, impactful, succinct, and authentic. You’ll want to make every word count, strive to “show not tell,” and excel at improving word choice during the revision process to give full expression to your experiences and insights.

You, and someone not you (with good written communication skills), should review for final editing and to ensure the essay is carefully proofread.

2. Personal Point of View and Voice

‍Unlike expository essays or news writing, personal essays are subjective, and use first-person speech and perspective. Everything in the essay projects your unique personality, emotions, imunication style, making your college essay both “personal” and distinctive.

3. Authenticity and Vulnerability

Personal essays often explore sensitive or vulnerable topics, allowing readers to connect with YOU, the speaker. At the same time you’ll want to leave out overly personal or private details that don’t really fit the purpose or goal of the essay! Your essay is personal but it’s also shared publicly. You present an authentic self, without coming across boastful or artificial, and without being overly familiar…

PRO TIP: Respect your boundaries when it comes to what you feel okay sharing or not sharing. > Get input from an outside reader who knows you well for more input on what you’re sharing about > yourself and your life experiences before you press “submit.”

4. An Individual Value System

‍A great GPA and great letters of recommendation carry weight, but your personal essay is a way to present consequential character traits admissions officers are unlikely to find elsewhere in your application packet. A strong essay will communicate your values AND anchor them in lived experiences and reflections — making these personal beliefs more vivid, memorable, and also persuasive. Finally, look for opportunities to share how your values inform your passion for learning, your vocational interests, and your potential to contribute positively to campus life.

‍Personal essays aren’t just lists of experiences or lists of personality traits…Personal essays are a great format for highlighting your own level of self awareness. In an essay this often involves showing pivotal experiences or influences in your life and how you actively learn from them. Don’t feel valuable experiences need to be exceptional or fit any mold, we all learn from big and small experiences in our lives, and both successes and challenges can offer equally valuable insights!

6. Storytelling

‍Some personal essays are structured as narratives or “stories.” In fact, sometimes personal essay and personal narrative are terms used to describe the same essay format. We’ll talk more about narrative elements under “structure” below.

7. Emotional Connection‍

Successful personal essays evoke emotions in the reader. They use concrete details, imagery, or emphatic language to help the reader connect on a more personal and intimate level with the writer’s individual circumstances, experiences, joys, hardships, or challenges…

8. Universality

‍Although subjective, the personal essay is a format that lets the writer share personal insights and reflections that touch on more universal themes about life. These larger themes make the piece more memorable for the reader and allow the reader to compare their own insights and experiences with those of the writer.

Personal essays, and admissions essays in particular, are usually concise and to the point. Although you’ll likely want to add color and realism with some descriptive details, dialogue, or other vivid elements, you’ll typically want to maintain a strong focus on your formative experiences and most meaningful reflections.

Since the College Admissions essay is part of the Personal Essay family, the principles we’ve just listed go a long way in helping you understand how to format a winning college essay!

PRO TIP: When you’re ready for some additional feedback on your essay try checking with an academic advisor at your school. It is also very helpful to seek feedback from someone who knows you well - a parent, sibling, or friend would do great, even better if they have recently gone through the admissions process themselves.

Get ahead of the pack by using more sophisticated AI tools designed specifically for evaluating college application essays, such as Admit Yogi AI Essay Reviewer . Our essay reviewer is designed specifically for college admissions essays with input from experienced admissions consultants and former admissions officers, offers prompts in an intuitive format, and is keyed to read for high-impact essay components such as writing quality, personal voice, authenticity, values, and insights…

Now that you’ve got some quick insights into the essential features of a powerful personal essay, let’s go on to talk about the kinds of content, themes, and structures that work best in a college essay format.

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How to Write a Personal Statement

A personal statement can be a key part of your college application, and you can really make yours shine by following a few tips.

When you're applying to college—either to an undergraduate or graduate program—you may be asked to submit a personal statement. It's an essay that gives you the chance to share more about who you are and why you'd like to attend the university you're applying to.  

The information you provide in your personal statement can help build on your other application materials, like your transcripts and letters of recommendation, and build a more cohesive picture to help the admissions committee understand your goals.

In this article, we'll go over more about personal statements, including why they're important, what to include in one, and tips for strengthening yours.

What is a personal statement?

A personal statement—sometimes known as a college essay —is a brief written essay you submit with other materials when applying to college or university. Personal statements tend to be most common for undergraduate applications, and they're a great opportunity for an admissions committee to hear your voice directly.

Many colleges and universities in the US, especially those using Common App , provide prompts for you to use. For example, "Reflect on a time when you questioned or challenged a belief or idea" or "Describe a topic, idea, or concept you find so engaging that it makes you lose all track of time" [ 1 ]. If the school you're interested in attending doesn't require prompts, you will likely want to craft a response that touches on your story, your values, and your goals if possible.

In grad school, personal statements are sometimes known as letters of intent , and go into more detail about your academic and professional background, while expressing interest in attending the particular program you're applying to.

Why is a personal statement important?

Personal statements are important for a number of reasons. Whereas other materials you submit in an application can address your academic abilities (like your transcripts) or how you perform as a student (like your letters of recommendation), a personal statement is a chance to do exactly that: get more personal.

Personal statements typically:

Permit you to share things that don't fit on your resume, such as personal stories, motivations, and values

Offer schools a chance to see why you're interested in a particular field of study and what you hope to accomplish after you graduate 

Provide an opportunity for you to talk about past employment, volunteer experiences, or skills you have that complement your studies 

Allow colleges to evaluate your writing skills 

Bring life to a college application package otherwise filled with facts and figures 

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How to write a personal statement.

As we mentioned earlier, you may have to respond to a prompt when drafting your personal statement—or a college or university may invite you to respond however you'd like. In either case, use the steps below to begin building your response.

Create a solid hook .

To capture the attention of an admissions committee member, start your personal statement with a hook that relates to the topic of your essay. A hook tends to be a colorful sentence or two at the very beginning that compels the reader to continue reading.

To create a captivating hook, try one of these methods:

Pose a rhetorical question. 

Provide an interesting statistic. 

Insert a quote from a well-known person.

Challenge the reader with a common misconception. 

Use an anecdote, which is a short story that can be true or imaginary. 

Credibility is crucial when writing a personal statement as part of your college application process. If you choose a statistic, quote, or misconception for your hook, make sure it comes from a reliable source.

Follow a narrative.

The best personal statements typically read like a story: they have a common theme, as well as a beginning, middle, and end. This type of format also helps keep your thoughts organized and improves the flow of your essay.

Common themes to consider for your personal statement include:

Special role models from your past

Life-altering events you've experienced

Unusual challenges you've faced

Accomplishments you're especially proud of

Service to others and why you enjoy it

What you've learned from traveling to a particular place

Unique ways you stand out from other candidates

Be specific.

Admissions committees read thousands of personal statements every year, which is why being specific on yours is important. Back up your statements with examples or anecdotes.

For instance, avoid vague assertions like, "I'm interested in your school counseling program because I care about children." Instead, point out experiences you've had with children that emphasize how much you care. For instance, you might mention your summer job as a day camp counselor or your volunteer experience mentoring younger children.

Don't forget to include detail and vibrancy to keep your statement interesting. The use of detail shows how your unique voice and experiences can add value to the college or university you're applying to.

Stay on topic.

It's natural to want to impress the members of the admissions committee who will read your personal statement. The best way to do this is to lead your readers through a cohesive, informative, and descriptive essay.

If you feel you might be going astray, ensure each paragraph in your essay's body supports your introduction. Here are a few more strategies that can help keep you on track:

Know what you want to say and do research if needed. 

Create an outline listing the key points you want to share.

Read your outline aloud to confirm it makes logical sense before proceeding. 

Read your essay aloud while you're writing to confirm you're staying on topic.

Ask a trusted friend or family member to read your essay and make suggestions.

Be true to your own voice.

Because of the importance of your personal statement, you could be tempted to be very formal with structure and language. However, using a more relaxed tone is better than you would for a classroom writing assignment. 

Remember: admissions committees really want to hear from you . Writing in your own voice will help accomplish this. To ensure your tone isn't too relaxed, write your statement as if you were speaking to an older relative or trusted teacher. This way, you'll come across as respectful, confident, and honest.

Tips for drafting an effective personal statement.

Now that you've learned a little about personal statements and how to craft them, here are a few more tips you can follow to strengthen your essay:

1. Customize your statement.

You don't have to completely rewrite your personal statement every time you apply to a new college, but you want to make sure you tailor it as much as possible. For instance, if you talk about wanting to take a certain class or study a certain subject, make sure you adjust any specifics for each application.

2. Avoid cliches.

Admissions committees are ultimately looking for students who will fit the school, and who the school can help guide toward their larger goals. In that case, cliches can get in the way of a reviewer understanding what it is you want from a college education. Watch out for cliches like "making a difference," "broadening my horizons," or "the best thing that ever happened to me."

3. Stay focused.

Try to avoid getting off-track or including tangents in your personal statement. Stay focused by writing a first draft and then re-reading what you've written. Does every paragraph flow from one point to the next? Are the ideas you're presenting cohesive?

4. Stick to topics that aren't controversial.

It's best not to discuss political beliefs or inappropriate topics in your essay. These can be controversial; ideally, you want to share something goals- or values-driven with an admissions committee.

Polish your writing skills on Coursera.

A stellar personal statement starts with stellar writing skills. Enhance your writing ability with a writing course from a top university, like Good with Words: Writing and Editing from the University of Michigan or Writing a Personal Essay from Wesleyan University. Get started for free to level up your writing.

Article sources

1. Common App. " 2022-2023 Common App Essay Prompts , https://www.commonapp.org/blog/2022-2023-common-app-essay-prompts." Accessed January 9, 2024.

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IR-2024-106, April 11, 2024

WASHINGTON — With the April 15 tax filing deadline fast approaching, the Internal Revenue Service reminds taxpayers who need more time to file their return that receiving an extension is quick and easy through IRS Free File on IRS.gov. An extension gives taxpayers an automatic six more months – until Oct. 15 this year – to file their tax return.

The IRS also reminds taxpayers that payments are still due by the original deadline, even if they request an extension of time to file a tax return. Taxpayers should file even if they can't pay the full amount.

Use IRS Free File to get an extension online

One of the fastest and easiest ways to get an extension is through IRS Free File on IRS.gov. All individual tax filers, regardless of income, can electronically request Form 4868, Application for Automatic Extension of Time To File U.S. Individual Income Tax Return PDF , by using the IRS Free File partner software on IRS.gov.

To get an extension, taxpayers must estimate their tax liability on this form and file it by April 15, 2024.

By filing either a return on time or requesting an extension by the April 15 filing deadline, people avoid the late-filing penalty, which can be 10 times as costly as the penalty for not paying.

More time to file, not more time to pay

While an extension allows for extra time to gather, prepare and file paperwork, it's important to remember that an extension of time to file taxes is not an extension of time to pay. Taxpayers who owe should pay their entire obligation, or as much as they can, by the April 15 deadline to avoid penalties and interest.

Taxpayers who pay as much as they can by the due date reduce the overall amount subject to penalty and interest charges. The interest rate for an individual's unpaid taxes is currently 7%, compounded daily. The late-filing penalty is generally 5% per month and the late-payment penalty is normally 0.5% per month, both of which max out at 25%.

Make a payment and get an extension, automatically

Other fast, free and easy ways to get an extension include using IRS Direct Pay , the Electronic Federal Tax Payment System or by paying with a credit or debit card or digital wallet . There is no need to file a separate Form 4868 extension request when making an electronic payment and indicating it is for an extension. The IRS will automatically count it as an extension.

The IRS will work with taxpayers who cannot pay the full amount of tax they owe. Other options to pay, such as getting a loan or paying by credit card, may help resolve a tax debt. Most people can set up a payment plan on IRS.gov to pay off their balance over time.

Some taxpayers get automatic extensions

Special rules offer some taxpayers more time without having to request an extension:

• U.S. citizens and resident aliens who live and work outside of the United States and Puerto Rico get an automatic two-month extension, until June 15, to file their tax returns. However, tax payments are still due April 15 or interest will accrue on the unpaid tax.
• Members of the military on duty outside the United States and Puerto Rico also receive an automatic two-month extension to file. Those serving in combat zones have up to 180 days after they leave the combat zone to file returns and pay any taxes due. Details are available in Publication 3, Armed Forces' Tax Guide .
• When the U.S. president makes a disaster area declaration, the IRS can postpone certain tax deadlines for taxpayers in affected areas. Taxpayers in qualified disaster areas do not need to submit an extension electronically or on paper. Information on the most recent tax relief for disaster situations can be found on the Extension of time to file your tax return page.
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Guest Essay

When I Became a Birder, Almost Everything Else Fell Into Place

Mr. Yong is a science writer whose most recent book, “An Immense World,” investigates animal perception.

Last September, I drove to a protected wetland near my home in Oakland, Calif., walked to the end of a pier and started looking at birds. Throughout the summer, I was breaking in my first pair of binoculars, a Sibley field guide and the Merlin song-identification app, but always while hiking or walking the dog. On that pier, for the first time, I had gone somewhere solely to watch birds.

In some birding circles, people say that anyone who looks at birds is a birder — a kind, inclusive sentiment that overlooks the forces that create and shape subcultures. Anyone can dance, but not everyone would identify as a dancer, because the term suggests, if not skill, then at least effort and intent. Similarly, I’ve cared about birds and other animals for my entire life, and I’ve written about them throughout my two decades as a science writer, but I mark the moment when I specifically chose to devote time and energy to them as the moment I became a birder.

Since then, my birder derangement syndrome has progressed at an alarming pace. Seven months ago, I was still seeing very common birds for the first time. Since then, I’ve seen 452 species, including 337 in the United States, and 307 this year alone. I can reliably identify a few dozen species by ear. I can tell apart greater and lesser yellowlegs, house and purple finches, Cooper’s and sharp-shinned hawks. (Don’t talk to me about gulls; I’m working on the gulls.) I keep abreast of eBird’s rare bird alerts and have spent many days — some glorious, others frustrating — looking for said rare birds. I know what it means to dip, to twitch, to pish . I’ve gone owling.

I didn’t start from scratch. A career spent writing about nature gave me enough avian biology and taxonomy to roughly know the habitats and silhouettes of the major groups. Journalism taught me how to familiarize myself with unfamiliar territory very quickly. I crowdsourced tips on the social media platform Bluesky . I went out with experienced birders to learn how they move through a landscape and what cues they attend to.

I studied up on birds that are famously difficult to identify so that when I first saw them in the field, I had an inkling of what they were without having to check a field guide. I used the many tools now available to novices: EBird shows where other birders go and reveals how different species navigate space and time; Merlin is best known as an identification app but is secretly an incredible encyclopedia; Birding Quiz lets you practice identifying species based on fleeting glances at bad angles.

This all sounds rather extra, and birding is often defined by its excesses. At its worst, it becomes an empty process of collection that turns living things into abstract numbers on meaningless lists. But even that style of birding is harder without knowledge. To find the birds, you have to know them. And in the process of knowing them, much else falls into place.

Birding has tripled the time I spend outdoors. It has pushed me to explore Oakland in ways I never would have: Amazing hot spots lurk within industrial areas, sewage treatment plants and random residential parks. It has proved more meditative than meditation. While birding, I seem impervious to heat, cold, hunger and thirst. My senses focus resolutely on the present, and the usual hubbub in my head becomes quiet. When I spot a species for the first time — a lifer — I course with adrenaline while being utterly serene.

I also feel a much deeper connection to the natural world, which I have long written about but always remained slightly distant from. I knew that the loggerhead shrike — a small but ferocious songbird — impales the bodies of its prey on spikes. I’ve now seen one doing that with my own eyes. I know where to find the shrikes and what they sound like. Countless fragments of unrooted trivia that rattled around my brain are now grounded in place, time and experience.

When I step out my door in the morning, I take an aural census of the neighborhood, tuning in to the chatter of creatures that were always there and that I might have previously overlooked. The passing of the seasons feels more granular, marked by the arrival and disappearance of particular species instead of much slower changes in day length, temperature and greenery. I find myself noticing small shifts in the weather and small differences in habitat. I think about the tides.

So much more of the natural world feels close and accessible now. When I started birding, I remember thinking that I’d never see most of the species in my field guide. Sure, backyard birds like robins and western bluebirds would be easy, but not black skimmers or peregrine falcons or loggerhead shrikes. I had internalized the idea of nature as distant and remote — the province of nature documentaries and far-flung vacations. But in the past six months, I’ve seen soaring golden eagles, heard duetting great horned owls, watched dancing sandhill cranes and marveled at diving Pacific loons, all within an hour of my house. “I’ll never see that” has turned into “Where can I find that?”

Of course, having the time to bird is an immense privilege. As a freelancer, I have total control over my hours and my ability to get out in the field. “Are you a retiree?” a fellow birder recently asked me. “You’re birding like a retiree.” I laughed, but the comment spoke to the idea that things like birding are what you do when you’re not working, not being productive.

I reject that. These recent years have taught me that I’m less when I’m not actively looking after myself, that I have value to my world and my community beyond ceaseless production and that pursuits like birding that foster joy, wonder and connection to place are not sidebars to a fulfilled life but their essence.

It’s easy to think of birding as an escape from reality. Instead, I see it as immersion in the true reality. I don’t need to know who the main characters are on social media and what everyone is saying about them, when I can instead spend an hour trying to find a rare sparrow. It’s very clear to me which of those two activities is the more ridiculous. It’s not the one with the sparrow.

More of those sparrows are imminent. I’m about to witness my first spring migration as warblers and other delights pass through the Bay Area. Birds I’ve seen only in drab grays are about to don their spectacular breeding plumages. Familiar species are about to burst out in new tunes that I’ll have to learn. I have my first lazuli bunting to see, my first blue grosbeak to find, my first least terns to photograph. I can’t wait.

Ed Yong is a science writer whose most recent book, “An Immense World,” investigates animal perception.

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How to file an extension for your 2023 income tax return

So you know, absolutely know, there's no way you're going to make the April 15 income tax filing deadline . What do you do now? How do you file for an extension?

Fortunately, filing for a six-month extension is a fairly easy process. The IRS even has a free hack for doing so.

In some cases, you could be looking at an automatic extension and not even realize it. The Internal Revenue Service website spells out these cases out in great, specific detail. For example, individuals and businesses that were hit by the severe storms and tornadoes in parts of Michigan last August now have until June 17 to file their income tax returns. Taxpayers do not need to contact the IRS to ask for this relief. This extended June 17 deadline applies to both income tax returns and payments that normally would be due on April 15.

The tax relief applies to any area designated by the Federal Emergency Management Agency, including Eaton, Ingham, Ionia, Kent, Livingston, Macomb, Monroe, Oakland and Wayne counties. Individuals and households that reside or have a business in these localities qualify for tax relief and the deadline extension.

You do not have to wait, though, if you have your paperwork in order and know you are getting a tax refund.

See the IRS disaster relief page on IRS.gov for more information and notices on other states with extended deadlines.

And if you're in the military stationed abroad or are in a combat zone during the tax filing season, the IRS notes, you may qualify for certain automatic extensions related to the filing and paying of your federal income taxes. The IRS has a dedicated web page called "Tax Information for Members of the Military."

How do you ask for an extension?

Otherwise, no matter how wealthy you are, you can request a six-month extension with free software offered through a "Free File" partner. Simply go to IRS.gov. Then, click on the "File an Extension" link. You do not need to mail in a Form 4868 if you file a request electronically.

More: How some Michigan families are getting a bigger Michigan income tax refund

More: Earned income tax credit: What kind of income counts, who is eligible for 2023 returns

More: Tax refunds from Michigan, IRS: How to check status of state, federal returns in 2024

You can also request an extension by mail — though the IRS prefers doing things electronically — by filling out Form 4868 and mailing it into the IRS. Generally, the IRS cannot extend the due date of your return for more than six months — or what happens to be Oct. 15 this year. "However," the IRS notes, "there may be an exception if you’re living out of the country."

Filing an extension gives you extra time to e-file the return. You'd also avoid one penalty, the "failure to file" penalty, which is 5% of the unpaid taxes for each month or part of a month that a tax return is late, according to the IRS. The penalty won't exceed 25% of your unpaid taxes.

Why you should try to pay what you owe by April 15

Even if you get an extension, you'd typically need to estimate how much money you owe and pay it or most of it by April 15.

Filing online for an extension or mailing in Form 4868 will give you more time to file. But tax experts note that the filer still must pay a sizable amount of the tax owed by the original filing deadline to avoid interest and late-payment penalties.

The IRS will not charge you an underpayment penalty if: You pay at least 90% of the tax you owe for the current year, or 100% of the tax shown on the return for the previous tax year, whichever is smaller. The IRS also states that most taxpayers will avoid an underpayment penalty if they owe less than $1,000 in tax after subtracting their withholding and refundable credits, as well.

Nothing is simple, of course, when it comes to tax rules.

So, it's important to note that higher-income taxpayers face a different threshold to avoid a penalty for underpayment, according to Mark Steber, chief tax officer at Jackson Hewitt Tax Service.

You must pay the lesser of 110% of last year's tax or 90% of this year's tax if your adjusted gross income for last year exceeded $150,000.

The IRS notes: "Taxpayers who pay as much as they can by the due date reduce the overall amount subject to penalty and interest charges."

The interest rate for an individual's unpaid taxes is currently 7%, compounded daily, according to the IRS. The late-filing penalty is generally 5% per month and the late-payment penalty is normally 0.5% per month, both of which max out at 25%.

How many people file extensions?

The IRS estimates that 18.95 million extension requests were made in 2023 and projects that about 19.4 million taxpayers will request extensions this year.

Luis Garcia, a spokesperson for the IRS in Detroit, it's important to understand that taxpayers can also get an extension automatically when making a payment to the federal government by indicating the payment is related to an extension.

In that case, Garcia said, you don't need to file a separate extension form and you’ll receive a confirmation number for your records.

"File, file, file. File even if you can’t pay, we will work with you on a payment plan or you can just do it yourself on IRS.gov," Garcia said.

Why file an extension?

Make sure you understand that it doesn't make sense to put off filing a return — or seeking an extension for six months — just because you know you have a balance due. You're just delaying the inevitable and building some interest along the way if you drag your feet and don't file a return until six months from now and do nothing to pay what you owe soon.

"In my over three decades of working in the tax industry I’ve not found too many 'everyday' reasons to file an extension, but there are exceptions," Steber said.

"Like you’re missing a wage-related document or you’re dealing with something in your personal life that takes away the ability to meet Monday’s deadline — like a death in the family or a natural disaster."

Steber said a six-month extension does give a taxpayer until October to deal with completing a tax return. But he doesn't recommend taking the full six months to finish the return and file it.

"Rather, file your tax return as soon as you’re able," Steber said.

Can you get an extension on state income tax returns?

For state income tax returns, Michigan taxpayers would need to file Form 4, which is an application for extension, or submit a copy of the U.S. Form 4868 to the state, according to Ron Leix, a Michigan Treasury spokesperson.

Michigan will accept a federal extension and then grant a state extension. But the state doesn't use an automated system to handle it and encourages you to take action to request a state extension. All 2023 state income tax forms can be accessed via the web. See www.michigan.gov/taxes and "Search for all forms.

Contact personal finance columnist Susan Tompor:  [email protected] . Follow her on X (Twitter)  @ tompor .

Francis Collins: Why I’m going public with my prostate cancer diagnosis

I served medical research. now it’s serving me. and i don’t want to waste time..

Over my 40 years as a physician-scientist, I’ve had the privilege of advising many patients facing serious medical diagnoses. I’ve seen them go through the excruciating experience of waiting for the results of a critical blood test, biopsy or scan that could dramatically affect their future hopes and dreams.

But this time, I was the one lying in the PET scanner as it searched for possible evidence of spread of my aggressive prostate cancer . I spent those 30 minutes in quiet prayer. If that cancer had already spread to my lymph nodes, bones, lungs or brain, it could still be treated — but it would no longer be curable.

Why am I going public about this cancer that many men are uncomfortable talking about? Because I want to lift the veil and share lifesaving information, and I want all men to benefit from the medical research to which I’ve devoted my career and that is now guiding my care.

Five years before that fateful PET scan, my doctor had noted a slow rise in my PSA, the blood test for prostate-specific antigen. To contribute to knowledge and receive expert care, I enrolled in a clinical trial at the National Institutes of Health, the agency I led from 2009 through late 2021.

At first, there wasn’t much to worry about — targeted biopsies identified a slow-growing grade of prostate cancer that doesn’t require treatment and can be tracked via regular checkups, referred to as “active surveillance.” This initial diagnosis was not particularly surprising. Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men in the United States, and about 40 percent of men over age 65 — I’m 73 — have low-grade prostate cancer . Many of them never know it, and very few of them develop advanced disease.

Why am I going public about this cancer that many men are uncomfortable talking about? Because I want to lift the veil and share lifesaving information.

But in my case, things took a turn about a month ago when my PSA rose sharply to 22 — normal at my age is less than 5. An MRI scan showed that the tumor had significantly enlarged and might have even breached the capsule that surrounds the prostate, posing a significant risk that the cancer cells might have spread to other parts of the body.

New biopsies taken from the mass showed transformation into a much more aggressive cancer. When I heard the diagnosis was now a 9 on a cancer-grading scale that goes only to 10, I knew that everything had changed.

Thus, that PET scan, which was ordered to determine if the cancer had spread beyond the prostate, carried high significance. Would a cure still be possible, or would it be time to get my affairs in order? A few hours later, when my doctors showed me the scan results, I felt a rush of profound relief and gratitude. There was no detectable evidence of cancer outside of the primary tumor.

Later this month, I will undergo a radical prostatectomy — a procedure that will remove my entire prostate gland. This will be part of the same NIH research protocol — I want as much information as possible to be learned from my case, to help others in the future.

While there are no guarantees, my doctors believe I have a high likelihood of being cured by the surgery.

My situation is far better than my father’s when he was diagnosed with prostate cancer four decades ago. He was about the same age that I am now, but it wasn’t possible back then to assess how advanced the cancer might be. He was treated with a hormonal therapy that might not have been necessary and had a significant negative impact on his quality of life.

Because of research supported by NIH, along with highly effective collaborations with the private sector, prostate cancer can now be treated with individualized precision and improved outcomes.

As in my case, high-resolution MRI scans can now be used to delineate the precise location of a tumor. When combined with real-time ultrasound, this allows pinpoint targeting of the prostate biopsies. My surgeon will be assisted by a sophisticated robot named for Leonardo da Vinci that employs a less invasive surgical approach than previous techniques, requiring just a few small incisions.

Advances in clinical treatments have been informed by large-scale, rigorously designed trials that have assessed the risks and benefits and were possible because of the willingness of cancer patients to enroll in such trials.

I feel compelled to tell this story openly. I hope it helps someone. I don’t want to waste time.

If my cancer recurs, the DNA analysis that has been carried out on my tumor will guide the precise choice of therapies. As a researcher who had the privilege of leading the Human Genome Project , it is truly gratifying to see how these advances in genomics have transformed the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.

I want all men to have the same opportunity that I did. Prostate cancer is still the No. 2 killer of men. I want the goals of the Cancer Moonshot to be met — to end cancer as we know it. Early detection really matters, and when combined with active surveillance can identify the risky cancers like mine, and leave the rest alone. The five-year relative survival rate for prostate cancer is 97 percent, according to the American Cancer Society , but it’s only 34 percent if the cancer has spread to distant areas of the body.

But lack of information and confusion about the best approach to prostate cancer screening have impeded progress. Currently, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends that all men age 55 to 69 discuss PSA screening with their primary-care physician, but it recommends against starting PSA screening after age 70.

Other groups, like the American Urological Association , suggest that screening should start earlier, especially for men with a family history — like me — and for African American men, who have a higher risk of prostate cancer. But these recommendations are not consistently being followed.

Our health-care system is afflicted with health inequities. For example, the image-guided biopsies are not available everywhere and to everyone. Finally, many men are fearful of the surgical approach to prostate cancer because of the risk of incontinence and impotence, but advances in surgical techniques have made those outcomes considerably less troublesome than in the past. Similarly, the alternative therapeutic approaches of radiation and hormonal therapy have seen significant advances.

A little over a year ago, while I was praying for a dying friend, I had the experience of receiving a clear and unmistakable message. This has almost never happened to me. It was just this: “Don’t waste your time, you may not have much left.” Gulp.

Having now received a diagnosis of aggressive prostate cancer and feeling grateful for all the ways I have benefited from research advances, I feel compelled to tell this story openly. I hope it helps someone. I don’t want to waste time.

Francis S. Collins served as director of the National Institutes of Health from 2009 to 2021 and as director of the National Human Genome Research Institute at NIH from 1993 to 2008. He is a physician-geneticist and leads a White House initiative to eliminate hepatitis C in the United States, while also continuing to pursue his research interests as a distinguished NIH investigator.

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Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives

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Department of Justice

For Immediate Release

Justice Department Publishes New Rule To Update Definition of "Engaged in the Business" as a Firearms Dealer

Rule seeks to implement provisions of the bipartisan safer communities act and provide clarity on who must obtain a license and run background checks.

WASHINGTON – The Justice Department today announced it has submitted to the Federal Register the “Engaged in the Business” Final Rule, which makes clear the circumstances in which a person is “engaged in the business” of dealing in firearms and thus required to obtain a federal firearms license, in order to increase compliance with the federal background check requirement for firearm sales by federal firearms licensees. 

“Under this regulation, it will not matter if guns are sold on the internet, at a gun show, or at a brick-and-mortar store: if you sell guns predominantly to earn a profit, you must be licensed, and you must conduct background checks,” said Attorney General Merrick B. Garland. “This regulation is a historic step in the Justice Department’s fight against gun violence. It will save lives.”

“The Bipartisan Safer Communities Act enhanced background checks and closed loopholes, including by redefining when a person is ‘engaged in the business’ of dealing in firearms. Today’s rule clarifying application of that definition will save lives by requiring all those in the business of selling guns to get a federal license and run background checks — thus keeping guns out of the hands of violent criminals,” said Deputy Attorney General Lisa Monaco. “I applaud the hard work of ATF in drafting this rule and reviewing the hundreds of thousands of public comments, which overwhelmingly favored the rule announced today. Because of that work, our communities will be safer.”

“This is about protecting the lives of innocent, law-abiding Americans as well as the rule of law. There is a large and growing black market of guns that are being sold by people who are in the business of dealing and are doing it without a license; and therefore, they are not running background checks the way the law requires. And it is fueling violence,” said Director Steven Dettelbach of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF). “Today’s Final Rule is about ensuring compliance with an important area of the existing law where we all know, the data show, and we can clearly see that a whole group of folks are openly flouting that law. That leads to not just unfair but, in this case, dangerous consequences.”

The Bipartisan Safer Communities Act (BSCA), enacted June 25, 2022, expanded the definition of engaging in the business of firearms dealing to cover all persons who devote time, attention, and labor to dealing in firearms as a regular course of trade or business to predominately earn a profit through the repetitive purchase and sale of firearms. On March 14, 2023, President Biden issued Executive Order 14092, which, among other things, directs the Attorney General to develop and implement a plan to clarify the definition of who is engaged in the business of dealing in firearms and thus required to obtain a federal firearms license. The Final Rule conforms the ATF regulations to the new BSCA definition and further clarifies the conduct that presumptively requires a license under that revised definition, among other things.

Federally licensed firearms dealers are critical to federal, state, local, Tribal, and territorial law enforcement in our shared goal of promoting public safety. Licensees submit background checks on potential purchasers to the FBI’s National Instant Criminal Background Check System, which helps to keep firearms out of the hands of prohibited persons. Further, licensees keep records of sales transactions to help ensure that when a gun is used in a crime and recovered by law enforcement it can be traced back to the first retail purchaser; they help identify and prevent straw purchasers from buying firearms on behalf of prohibited persons and criminals; and they facilitate safe storage of firearms by providing child-safety locks with every transferred handgun and offer customers other secure gun storage options. Unlicensed dealing, however, undermines these public-safety features — which is why Congress has long prohibited engaging in the business of dealing in firearms without the required license.

To increase compliance with the statutes Congress has enacted, the Final Rule identifies conduct that is presumed to require a federal firearms license. And, in addition to implementing the revised statutory definition discussed above, the Final Rule clarifies the circumstances in which a license is — or is not — required by, among other things, adding a definition of “personal firearms collection” to ensure that genuine hobbyists and collectors may enhance or liquidate their collections without fear of violating the law. The Final Rule also provides clarity as to what licensees must do with their inventory when they go out of business.

The Final Rule goes into effect 30 days after the date of publication in the Federal Register. 

On Sept. 8, 2023, the Justice Department published a notice of proposed rulemaking , and during the 90-day open comment period, ATF received nearly 388,000 comments.

The final rule, as submitted to the Federal Register, can be viewed here . 

Please note: This is the text of the Engaged in the Business Final Rule as signed by the Attorney General, but the official version of the Final Rule will be as it is published in the Federal Register.

Learn more about the rulemaking process here .