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• GlideQuery Cheat Sheet

G lideQuery is a modern, flexible API introduced to simplify and streamline database operations in ServiceNow. It provides a more intuitive and readable approach to querying data, replacing the traditional GlideRecord scripts with a more elegant and performant solution. Whether you are a novice developer just getting started with ServiceNow or an experienced professional looking to optimize your workflows, understanding and mastering GlideQuery is essential.

In this comprehensive guide, we will take you through the fundamentals of GlideQuery, from basic concepts and syntax to advanced techniques and best practices. By the end of this article, you will have a solid grasp of how to leverage GlideQuery to enhance your data handling capabilities in ServiceNow, making your development process more efficient and your applications more responsive.

Let’s dive in and explore the power of GlideQuery, unlocking new potentials in your ServiceNow development journey.

Principles of GlideQuery

Peter Bell , a software engineer at ServiceNow, initially developed these API to use as an external tool for his team. Gradually, the API became an integral part of the platform, specifically integrated into the Paris release.

This API is versatile, compatible with both global and scoped applications. In the latter case, developers need to prefix their API calls with “global” to ensure proper functionality:

The API is entirely written in JavaScript and operates using GlideRecord in a second layer. Instead of replacing GlideRecord, its purpose is to enhance the development experience by minimizing errors and simplifying usage for developers.

I. Fail Fast

Detect errors as quickly as possible, before they become bugs.

Through a new type of error, NiceError, which facilitates the diagnosis of query errors, it is possible to know exactly what is wrong in your code and quickly fix it. Examples:

Field name validation

The API checks if the field names used in the query are valid and returns an error if any of them are not. In some cases, this is extremely important as it can prevent major issues. In the example below, using GlideRecord it would delete ALL records from the user table because the field name is written incorrectly. Note that the line that would delete the records has been commented out for safety and we have added a while loop just to display the number of records that would be deleted.

Using GlideQuery the API returns an error and nothing is executed:

Choice field validation

The API checks whether the option chosen for the field exists in the list of available options when it is of type choice. In the example below, using GlideRecord, the script would return nothing:

Using GlideQuery, the API returns an error and nothing is executed:

Value type validation

The API checks whether the type of value chosen for the field is correct.

II. Be JavaScript (native JavaScript)

JavaScript objects bringing more familiarity to the way queries are made and reduce the learning curve. With GlideRecord we often have problems with the type of value returned:

As we can see Abel is different from Abel! The reason for this confusion is that GlideRecord returns a Java object.

Using GlideQuery we don’t have this problem:

III. Be Expressive

Do more with less code! Simplify writing your code!

• Performance

Using GlideQuery can increase processing time by around 4%, mainly due to the conversion of the Java object to JavaScript. However, keep in mind that we will often do this conversion manually after a GlideRecord.

Stream x Optional

The API works together with 2 other APIs: Stream and Optional . If the query returns a single record, the API returns an Optional object. If it returns several records, the API returns an object of type Stream, which is similar to an array. These objects can be manipulated according to the methods of each API.

Practical Examples

Before we start with the examples, it is necessary to make 2 points clear

• The primary key of the table (in our case normally the sys_id) is always returned even if the request is not made in Select.
• Unlike GlideRecord, GlideQuery does not return all record fields. We need to inform the name of the fields we want to get: .selectOne([‘field_1’, ‘field_2’, ‘field_n’])

I. selectOne

It is very common that we only need 1 record and in these cases we use selectOne(). This method returns an object of type Optional and we need a terminal method to process it:

If success:

Optional method used to handle queries that do not return any value.

c) ifPresent

If user exists:

d) isPresent

Returns a single record using sys_id

Returns a single record (even if there is more than 1 record) using the keys used as parameters.

The insert method needs an object as a parameter where each property must be the name of the field we want to fill. The insert returns an Optional with the data of the inserted object and the sys_id. We can also request extra fields for fields that are automatically populated:

The API has a method for when we want to update just one record. To use this method, the field used in the “where” must be the primary key and this way it updates just 1 record.

VI. updateMultiple

Vii. insertorupdate.

This method receives an object with the key(s) to perform the search. If one of the keys is a primary key (sys_id), it searches for the record and updates the other fields entered in the object. If no primary key is passed or the sys_id is not found, the method will create a new record. In this method we cannot select fields other than those passed in the object.

VIII. deleteMultiple / del

There is no method to delete just one record. To do this we need to use deleteMultiple together with where() using a primary key. The method does not return any value.

IX. whereNotNull

Note: We will talk about dot walking later.

We often need queries that return several records and in these cases we use select(). This method returns an object of type Stream and we need a terminal method to process it:

Returns an array containing the items from a Stream. The method needs a parameter that is the maximum size of the array, the limit being 100.

Used to transform each record in a Stream.

Note: The filter in a Stream always occurs after the query has been executed. Therefore, whenever possible, we should make all possible filters before the select to avoid loss of performance.

Both the GlideQuery and Stream APIs have the limit() method. In GlideQuery it is executed before the execution of the query, which is more performant. For this reason, whenever possible, we should use the limit before executing the select.

Returns the first item found in the Stream according to the given condition. Important notes:

• Returns an Optional, which may be empty if no item is found.
• The first item in the Stream is returned if no condition is entered.

Executes a function on each item in the Stream. If it returns true for all items in the Stream, the method returns true, otherwise it returns false.

If numToCompare  is 10, returns:

If numToCompare  is 1000, returns:

Executes a function on each item in the Stream. If it returns true for at least one item in the Stream, the method returns true, otherwise it returns false.

FlatMap is very similar to map but with 2 differences:

•  The function passed to flatMap must return a Stream.
• The flatMap manipulates (unwraps/flattens) the returned Stream so that the “parent” method can return the result.

Be careful because in this case we are performing “nested queries” which can cause performance problems. Check the links below:

Similar to GlideRecord’s addEcodedQuery but does not accept all operators. Currently only the following operators are supported:

XIII. orderBy / orderByDesc

Xiv. withacls.

It works in the same way as GlideRecordSecure, forcing the use of ACLs in queries.

XV. disableAutoSysFields

Xvi. forceupdate.

Forces an update to the registry. Useful, for example, when we want some BR to be executed.

XVII. disableWorkflow

Xviii. dot walking, xix. field flags.

Some fields support metadata. The most common case is the “display value”. We use the “$” symbol after the field name and specify the desired metadata. Metadata supported so far:

• $DISPLAY = getDisplayValue
• $CURRENCY_CODE = getCurrencyCode
• $CURRENCY_DISPLAY = getCurrencyDisplayValue
• $CURRENCY_STRING = getCurrencyString

XX. aggregate

Used when we want to make aggregations. GlideQuery also has methods for this and they are often easier to use than GlideAggregate.

Using ‘normal’ GlideAggregate

Using GlideQuery

Note that in addition to using fewer lines of code, GlideQuey returns a number while GlideAggregate returns a string.

g) aggregate

Thiago Pereira

Date Posted:

September 10, 2024

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Approval Groups vs Assignment Groups

Best Practice help required here.

We have a number of tech assignment groups. Within those groups is a subset of people that can approve changes and requests.

Firstly, does anyone else have this? I'm a process owner/designer and our ServiceNow developer is saying this is a stupid way of doing things.

Secondly, does anyone have an idea of how to do this so that we can't assign incidents to the Approval group and assign Approvals to the Incident/Problem groups?

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Assigned to and Assignment group

The Assigned to [assigned_to] field is a reference  field type that points to the Users [sys_user] table. This field is generally used to designate a user to work on, or be responsible for the task. By default, this field has a reference qualifier (role=itil) set on its dictionary record that prevents any non-itil user from being assigned to a task. You can override this reference qualifier on tables that extend task though, as the Project Task and Service Order tables do, if you have the relevant plugins installed.

The Assignment group [assignment_group] field serves pretty much the same purpose. The reason for having both, is that a workflow might automatically assign a certain type of task ticket to a group, ...

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How do I find Assignment Group id and User id in ServiceNow?

A unique 32-character GUID identifies each record in ServiceNow (Globally Unique ID) called a sys_id.

sys_id of a record is important when writing a script, workflow, or other development tasks.

Here are ten different methods to find the sys_id of a record in ServiceNow:

Right-click or hamburger You can right-click the header bar of most forms and find the sys_id.

To get a sys_id from the header bar:

Navigate to the record where you are looking for a sys_id. 

To get a sys_id from XML

• Navigate to the record where you are looking for a sys_id

Right click the header bar and select Show XML. Alternately you can also click the Hamburger > Show XML

Since the sys_id of a record is always part of the URL for a link to that record, it is possible to retrieve the sys_id by viewing the URL.

To get the sys_id from XML

Right-click the header bar and select Copy URL. Alternately you can also click the Hamburger > Copy URL

For example, an Incident with the following URL:

https://<instance name>.service-now.com/nav_to.do?uri=incident.do sys_id=23dc968f0a0a3c1900534f399927740e

The sys_id is : 23dc968f0a0a3c1900534f399927740e

• Add an onload client script to show a sys_id function onLoad() { var incSysid = g_form.getUniqueValue(); alert(incSysid); }

The sys_id value of a record can be found in a business rule (or any other server-side JavaScript)

The sys_id value of a record can be found in a background script. Note: Test in a development instance first!

Login as an admin

Go to System Definition > Scripts - Background

Paste a script similar to this and click Run Script

By adjusting the url of a record, you can add this URL Parameter to export the sys_id and all fields to CSV

Navigate to the list of records where you want to find the sys_id

Build your filter

Right-click the Filter, and select Copy URL

Paste the URL into a new browser window

Add &CSV&sysparm_default_export_fields=all to the end of the URL

A CSV file with all fields AND the sys_id is exported.

Here is a creative way to use the Easy Import Template to export the sys_id data you are looking for.

Right click the header bar and select Import. Alternately you can also click the Hamburger > Import

Do you want to insert or update data? Update

Do you want to create an Excel template to enter data ? True

Include all fields in the template? True or False, your choice

Click Create Excel Template

Click Download

Open the Excel Spreadsheet

Select Page 1

If you are using the  ServiceNow ODBC Driver  and a reporting tool, you can pull the sys_id field information easily.

If you are using the  ServiceNow Rest API , you can also pull sys_ids

Check this link (external): https://www.servicenowelite.com/blog/2020/9/29/ten-methods-to-find-sysid?rq=sys_ID

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The main background of the flag of Omsk Oblast is red. It symbolizes bravery, courage, fearlessness. It is the colour of life, charity, and love.

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Issue populating assignment_group in servicenow via REST API

I am trying to create Servicenow incident ticket using REST API. Here is the link and body: https://<mydomain>.service-now.com/api/now/table/incident and body:

Incident ticket is getting created with all fields populated as requested except assignment_group and description fields. I know these are reference fields. I tried all combination but information is not getting populated for these two fields. Any one has any suggestions? I tried for assignment_group the sys_id value also like "assignment_group":"4ikilo9f1bb43740ddfa315bcd4kmj89" and "assignment_group":{"sys_id":"4ikilo9f1bb43740ddfa315bcd4kmj89"} etc.

• Is it possible you have a business rule unsetting assignment group on insert or update? –  Jace Commented Jan 2, 2020 at 15:43
• Thank you Jace for your comment. No, there is no business rule that is unsetting. I can go and create a ticket and it would create with assigned group but not through API. –  Mark W Commented Jan 3, 2020 at 20:37
• Do you perhaps have write ACLs on those fields which might be preventing your REST API user from writing to them? –  blendenzo Commented Jan 3, 2020 at 22:00
• "assignment_group":"4ikilo9f1bb43740ddfa315bcd4kmj89" should work. Try doing this on a PDI. –  Jace Commented Jan 6, 2020 at 15:12
• Jace, i tried as you suggested. Same result. Ticket got created but with no assigned group info. @blendenzo: Can service now has ACL at field level? Like I have mentioned, I was able to create ticket using API but not these two fields. Not sure if Servicenow can restrict update access at field level? If so, why do they do that way? I will double check with my security group on that. –  Mark W Commented Jan 6, 2020 at 21:28

pass the id of the assignment group within the API call than directly giving the name of the group, this worked for me :)

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