reported speech ielts

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ADVANCED GRAMMAR FOR IELTS (Reported Speech)

Understanding reported speech is important since you will be using this in your IELTS Speaking Part 2. When you tell a story or a monologue to your examiner, you recall what happened in the past and it’s highly likely that you also recall what someone said to you in the past and share it with your examiner.

The way to achieve a story that is natural and spontaneous when recalling what someone said to you is to use the reported speech.

ADVANCED GRAMMAR FOR

IELTS SPEAKING

(Reported Speech)

When we tell someone what the other person said, we can either use direct speech or indirect speech. So, direct speech and indirect speech are the two types of reported speech. Take a look at the examples:

Direct Speech

The boy said, ‘I can’t find my mom.’

Direct speech is commonly used in novels, news reports, or scripts. Quotation marks are used in this type of speech. In other words, direct speech is the repeat of the exact words uttered. On the other hand, we change the original words uttered by the speaker in indirect speech.

Indirect Speech

The boy said that he couldn’t find his mom.

Can you see the difference between the two sentences? When we tell a story in IELTS Speaking Part 2, it’s best if we use indirect speech. Why? Well, observe the given examples below. Which do you think sounds better?

Compare the two examples below:

First example I’d like to talk with you about my recent experience of helping a boy who was lost in the supermarket. Well, I saw him crying in the corner of the supermarket. I asked him, “Are you okay? Are you lost? Where is your mom?” And the boy replied, “I cannot find my mom.”

Second example I’d like to talk with you about my recent experience of helping a boy who was lost in the supermarket. Well, I saw him crying in the corner of the supermarket. I asked him, if he was okay, if he was lost, and where his mom was. And he replied that he couldn’t find his mom.

So, which one sounds better? Of course the second one.

The first one sounds odd or off, and it isn’t smooth. Whereas the second one sounds pretty natural and spontaneous. Using indirect speech can surely help you make your story sound more natural. A nd this can also help us achieve a higher mark in the criterion, Grammatical Range and Accuracy.

Now, let me give you an example so you can understand better:

This is an actual conversation between you and the boy. Let us use the cue card, DESCRIBE A TIME YOU HELPED A CHILD

While you are grocery shopping on a Monday, you see a boy crying in the supermarket so you approach him.

YOU: Are you okay? Are you lost? Where is your mom?

BOY: I can’t find your mom.

YOU: Don’t worry, we will find your mom. Can you please tell me your name and your mom’s?

BOY: I’m John. My mom is May Peters.

So, this is your actual conversation with the boy. The exact words uttered by you and the boy.

Now, let’s imagine that you take the IELTS speaking test on Friday, 4 days after you helped that boy and you get the cue card about DESCRIBING A TIME YOU HELPED A CHILD. So, you will talk about your experience of helping that boy last Monday to your examiner and this is the time that you apply indirect speech to your story.

So, you can say:

I’d like to talk with you about my recent experience of helping a boy who was lost in the supermarket. Well, I saw him crying in the corner of the supermarket. I asked him, if he was okay, if he was lost, and where his mom was. And he replied that he couldn’t find his mom.

This is an example of an indirect speech. You might be wondering, what happened to the questions? You have to remember this, once we tell the question to someone else, it isn’t a question anymore. We change the grammar to a normal positive sentence in indirect speech.

For example: Where is your mom? becomes I asked him where his mom was.

And if the question can be answered with a yes or no, we use ‘if’.

Are you okay? becomes I asked him if he was okay.

Are you lost? becomes I asked him if he was lost.

So, how do we know what verb tense and time expression should we use when using indirect speech? This is easy.

First, let’s start with THE PRESENT TENSE .

Present Tense → Past Tense

Let’s have three people, Mary, Frank, and David. And let’s imagine that it is Monday.

Mary talks with Frank

Mary to Frank: I am so tired today.

And then later that day, Frank tells David what Mary said to him.

Frank to David: Mary said she was so tired today.

Notice, the present tense changes to the past tense.

Now, imagine that it’s Tuesday now, and Frank tells David what Mary said to him. So it becomes…

Frank to David: Mary said that she was so tired yesterday.

The time expression, today, becomes yesterday.

Let’s have THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE.

Present Continuous Tense → Past Continuous Tense

Mary is talking with Frank

Mary to Frank: I am feeling tired today.

And then, later that day Frank tells David what Mary said to him

Frank to David: Mary said she was feeling tired today.

Notice, the present continuous tense changes to the past continuous tense.

Now, imagine it’s now Tuesday and Frank tells David what Mary said to him.

So it becomes…

Frank to David: Mary said that she was feeling tired yesterday.

Let’s have THE PAST SIMPLE TENSE.

Past Simple → Past Perfect

Imagine that it is Monday.

Mary to Frank: I borrowed money from my parents yesterday (Sunday).

And then later that day, Frank tells David about what Mary said to him.

Frank to David: Mary said she had borrowed money from her parents yesterday.

Notice, the past simple changes to the past perfect tense.

Now, imagine, it’s now Tuesday and Frank tells David what Mary said to him.

Frank to David: Mary said (that) she had borrowed money from her parents the day before yesterday.

The time expression, yesterday, becomes the day before yesterday (Sunday).

Let’s have THE PAST SIMPLE CONTINUOUS.

Past Simple Continuous Tense → Past Perfect Continuous Tense

Mary to Frank: I was exercising in the gym this morning

And later that day, Frank tells David what Mary said to him.

Frank to David: Mary said (that) she had been exercising in the gym this morning.

Notice, the past simple continuous changes to the past perfect continuous tense.

Now, imagine, it’s now Tuesday, Frank tells David what Mary said to him.

Frank to David: Mary said (that) she had been exercising in the gym yesterday morning. The time expression, this morning, becomes yesterday morning.

Next, we have THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE.

Present Perfect Tense → Past Perfect Tense

Mary to Frank: I have eaten fruits and vegetables.

And then Frank tells David what Mary said to him.

Frank to David: Mary said (that) she had eaten fruits and vegetables.

Notice, the present perfect changes to the past perfect tense.

Now, let’s apply the indirect speech we have studied above in our monologue for the cue card, DESCRIBE A TIME YOU HELPED A CHILD. I want you to observe how I use indirect speech in the story below:

SAMPLE MONOLOGUE

I want to share with you my experience of how I helped a child in the supermarket.

Well, that happened a month ago when I went to the supermarket to buy my daily needs. While I was picking fruits, I could hear a cry from a boy coming from the corner of the fruit stand where I was picking apples and oranges.

Deep down inside I knew that the boy really needed help and his way of crying really reminded me of the time when I was also a little boy who was lost in the supermarket. So that memory of mine urged me to check on the boy. So, I immediately walked towards him and asked him if he was okay, if he was lost, and where his mom was. And he replied that he couldn’t find his mom.

I knew then that he was lost. So, I gave him assurance that I would find his mom so he could stop crying. Then, I asked him what his name was and what his mother’s name was, as well.

Fortunately, he knew the complete name of his mother so it was so easy for me to ask for help from customer service. So, I immediately went to the customer service booth and asked one of the staff to page the name of the boy’s mother.

After a couple of minutes, a woman came rushing to the customer service booth, where we were seated. She immediately hugged the boy and I was very happy looking at them. After that, I introduced myself to her and narrated how I found her child.

She was very grateful to me and offered me dinner but unfortunately at that time, I was busy so I just politely refused her wonderful offer.

Learn how to develop a story in

Part 2 for the recent IELTS Cue

Card about

A DISAGREEMENT YOU HAD

WITH SOMEONE .

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PART 3 Here!

Meaning of Words and Phrases Sources: Collins, Macmillan, Cambridge , Oxford

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IELTS SPEAKING PART 1: WEATHER [ANSWERS]
IELTS SPEAKING PART 1: SHOPPING [ANSWERS]
IELTS WRITING: It is not necessary for people to travel to other places
IELTS CUE CARD: SOMEONE MADE A LOT OF NOISE
IELTS SPEAKING PART 1: CROWDED PLACES [ANSWERS]
IELTS SPEAKING PART 1: CELEBRITY [ANSWERS]
IELTS SPEAKING PART 1: MONEY [ANSWERS]
IELTS SPEAKING PART 1: VIDEO GAMES [ANSWERS]
IELTS SPEAKING PART 1: ADVERTISEMENTS [ANSWERS]
IELTS SPEAKING PART 1: MEMORY [ANSWERS]
IELTS SPEAKING PART 1: SINGING [ANSWERS]
IELTS SPEAKING PART 1: COLLECTING THINGS [ANSWERS]
IELTS SPEAKING PART 1: BOREDOM [ANSWERS]
IELTS SPEAKING PART 1: MUSIC [ANSWERS]
IELTS SPEAKING PART 1: SOCIAL MEDIA [ANSWERS]
IELTS SPEAKING PART 1: SUNGLASSES
IELTS SPEAKING PART 1: COLORS [ANSWERS]
IELTS SPEAKING PART 1: CAKES [ANSWERS]
IELTS WRITING: MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES & GLOBALIZATION
IELTS WRITING: LANGUAGE EDUCATION

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A Comprehensive Guide to Understanding and Using Reported Speech in English

Reported speech, also known as indirect speech, is a way to convey what someone said without using their exact words. It is used in conversation, journalism, fiction, and more. In English, we use reported speech to talk about what someone said or thought in the past. In this comprehensive guide, we will cover the basics of reported speech, including tense changes, using reporting verbs, converting direct speech to reported speech, and handling time expressions. We will also discuss common mistakes students make while using reported speech in English.

What is Reported Speech?

Reported speech is a way of reporting what someone has said. It is also known as indirect speech because the speaker does not use the exact words of the original speaker.

Types of Reported Speech

Reported speech can be divided into four types:

a. Reported statements: These are sentences that report what someone said. For example: Direct speech: “I am going to the store.” Reported speech: She said she was going to the store.

b. Reported questions: These are sentences that report what someone asked. For example: Direct speech: “Are you going to the store?” Reported speech: She asked if I was going to the store.

c. Reported requests: These are sentences that report what someone asked for. For example: Direct speech: “Can you pass me the salt?” Reported speech: She asked if I could pass her the salt.

d. Reported orders: These are sentences that report what someone ordered. For example: Direct speech: “Bring me some water.” Reported speech: She ordered me to bring her some water.

Tense Changes in Reported Speech

In reported speech, we often change the tense of the verb from the original sentence. The following chart shows how tense changes work in reported speech:

Here are some examples:

Direct speech: “I am going to the store.” Reported speech: She said she was going to the store. (Present simple becomes past simple)

Direct speech: “I am studying English.” Reported speech: He said he was studying English. (Present continuous becomes past continuous)

Direct speech: “I have finished my homework.” Reported speech: She said she had finished her homework. (Present perfect becomes past perfect)

Direct speech: “He went to the store.” Reported speech: She said he had gone to the store. (Past simple becomes past perfect)

Direct speech: “I was watching TV.” Reported speech: She said she had been watching TV. (Past continuous becomes past perfect continuous)

Direct speech: “They had already left.” Reported speech: He said they had already left. (Past perfect remains past perfect)

Direct speech: “I will come tomorrow.” Reported speech: She said she would come the next day. (Future becomes conditional)

Reporting Verbs

In reported speech, we use reporting verbs such as said, told, asked, and ordered to introduce the reported speech. The choice of reporting verb depends on the type of speech being reported and the relationship between the original speaker and the reporter.

Direct speech: “I love chocolate.” Reported speech: She said she loved chocolate.

Direct speech: “What time is it?” Reported speech: He asked what time it was.

Direct speech: “Please close the door.” Reported speech: She told me to close the door.

Direct speech: “Don’t touch that!” Reported speech: He ordered me not to touch that.

Converting Direct Speech to Reported Speech

To convert direct speech to reported speech, follow these steps:

a. Identify the reporting verb: Identify the verb that introduces the reported speech. This could be said, told, asked, ordered, and so on. b. Identify the subject and verb: Identify the subject and verb of the reported speech. c. Change the tense: Change the tense of the verb in the reported speech according to the rules we discussed earlier. d. Change pronouns and adverbs: Change any pronouns or adverbs in the reported speech to reflect the new subject or time frame. e. Use appropriate punctuation: Use a comma before the reported speech and a full stop at the end of the reported speech.

Direct speech: “I love you,” he said. Reported speech: He said he loved me.

Direct speech: “What are you doing?” she asked. Reported speech: She asked what I was doing.

Direct speech: “Don’t forget to bring the book,” he reminded her. Reported speech: He reminded her not to forget to bring the book.

Direct speech: “I will call you later,” she promised. Reported speech: She promised she would call me later.

Time Expressions

When using reported speech, it is important to pay attention to time expressions, such as yesterday, last week, or tomorrow. These expressions indicate when the original speech was made and may need to be adjusted in the reported speech.

When the reported speech refers to something that is still true, we do not change the time expressions. For example: Direct speech: “I live in New York.” Reported speech: She said she lives in New York.

When the reported speech refers to something that is no longer true, we need to adjust the time expressions. For example: Direct speech: “I saw him yesterday.” Reported speech: She said she had seen him the day before.

When the reported speech refers to something that will happen in the future, we also need to adjust the time expressions. For example: Direct speech: “I will call you tomorrow.” Reported speech: She said she would call me the next day.

Common Mistakes

Here are some examples to illustrate common mistakes in using reported speech:

a. Forgetting to change the tense of the verb in the reported speech: Direct speech: “I am going to the party,” she said. Incorrect reported speech: She said she is going to the party. Correct reported speech: She said she was going to the party.

In this example, the student forgot to change the tense of the verb “am” to “was” in the reported speech. This mistake can lead to confusion about the timing of the events being reported.

b. Using the wrong reporting verb: Direct speech: “Can you help me?” he asked. Incorrect reported speech: He said he can help me. Correct reported speech: He asked if he could help me.

In this example, the student used the reporting verb “said” instead of “asked.” This mistake can change the meaning of the reported speech and make it unclear whether the speaker was making a statement or asking a question.

c. Forgetting to change pronouns or adverbs in the reported speech: Direct speech: “I will see you later,” she said to him. Incorrect reported speech: She said she would see me later. Correct reported speech: She said she would see him later.

In this example, the student forgot to change the pronoun “me” to “him” to reflect the new subject of the reported speech. This mistake can lead to confusion about who said what and to whom.

d. Misusing time expressions: Direct speech: “I saw him yesterday,” she said. Incorrect reported speech: She said she saw him today. Correct reported speech: She said she had seen him the day before.

In this example, the student misused the time expression “today” instead of “the day before,” which accurately reflects the past tense of “yesterday.” This mistake can create confusion about the timing of the events being reported.

Practice Questions:

1. Direct speech: “I am happy,” she said. Reported speech:

2. Direct speech: “Can you help me with my homework?” he asked. Reported speech:

3. Direct speech: “I have never been to Paris before,” she said. Reported speech:

4. Direct speech: “Don’t forget to buy bread,” he reminded her. Reported speech:

5. Direct speech: “I am going to the beach tomorrow,” she said. Reported speech:

6. Direct speech: “What are you doing?” he asked. Reported speech:

7. Direct speech: “I will study harder next time,” she promised. Reported speech:

8. Direct speech: “I am sorry I cannot come,” he said. Reported speech:

9. Direct speech: “I am cooking dinner,” she said. Reported speech:

10. Direct speech: “I will visit my parents next week,” he said. Reported speech:

11. Direct speech: “I love you,” she said. Reported speech:

12. Direct speech: “Don’t touch that!” he shouted. Reported speech:

13. Direct speech: “Have you finished the report?” she asked. Reported speech:

14. Direct speech: “I had a great time,” he said. Reported speech:

15. Direct speech: “I will be there at 8 o’clock,” she said. Reported speech:

16. Direct speech: “I can’t go to the party,” he said. Reported speech:

17. Direct speech: “I was watching TV,” she said. Reported speech:

18. Direct speech: “Will you help me with this?” he asked. Reported speech:

19. Direct speech: “I don’t like pizza,” she said. Reported speech:

20. Direct speech: “I have been working all day,” he said. Reported speech:

21. Direct speech: “Please come to my party,” she said. Reported speech:

22. Direct speech: “I am reading a book,” he said. Reported speech:

23. Direct speech: “I have never seen that before,” she said. Reported speech:

24. Direct speech: “I will call you later,” he said. Reported speech:

25. Direct speech: “I had a dream last night,” she said. Reported speech:

Practice Answers:

She said she was happy.
He asked if I could help him with his homework.
She said she had never been to Paris before.
He reminded her not to forget to buy bread.
She said she was going to the beach the next day.
He asked what I was doing.
She promised she would study harder next time.
He said he was sorry he could not come.
She said she was cooking dinner.
He said he would visit his parents the following week.
She said she loved him.
He ordered me not to touch that.
She asked if I had finished the report.
He said he had had a great time.
She said she would be there at 8 o’clock.
He said he couldn’t go to the party.
She said she had been watching TV.
He asked if I would help him with that.
She said she didn’t like pizza.
He said he had been working all day.
She asked me to come to her party.
He said he was reading a book.
She said she had never seen that before.
He said he would call me later.
She said she had had a dream the previous night.

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Grammar for IELTS: Reported Speech

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Reported Speech là gì? Cấu trúc và bài tập câu tường thuật

Cùng IDP tìm hiểu chi tiết hơn về công thức Reported Speech, quy tắc chuyển đổi câu và kiểm tra lại kiến thức đã học thông qua các bài tập mẫu có đáp án.

Chủ đề bài viết

Trong quá trình ôn luyện cho kỳ thi IELTS, ắt hẳn bạn đã đôi lần bắt gặp bài tập mẫu về dạng câu tường thuật trong Tiếng Anh. Đây là một chủ điểm ngữ pháp khá phổ biến, tuy không quá khó nhưng đòi hỏi bạn phải nắm rõ công thức và quy tắc chia động từ ở các thì khác nhau. Trong bài viết dưới đây, hãy cùng IDP tìm hiểu chi tiết hơn về công thức Câu tường thuật ( Reported Speech ) , quy tắc chuyển đổi câu. Bạn có thể kiểm tra lại kiến thức đã học thông qua một số bài tập về câu tường thuật bên dưới.

>>>Xem thêm: Lệ phí thi IELTS & hướng dẫn thanh toán

1. Câu tường thuật là gì?

Câu tường thuật (Reported Speech), còn được gọi là câu gián tiếp (Indirect speech) thường được dùng để tường thuật lại lời nói của một ai đó mà không làm thay đổi nghĩa của toàn bộ câu. Khi viết lại câu gián tiếp, lời nói đó không đặt trong dấu ngoặc kép.

2. Quy tắc chuyển đổi câu trực tiếp sang câu tường thuật

Trong Tiếng Anh, khi bạn muốn viết lại câu tường thuật thành câu gián tiếp, bạn cần thực hiện những bước như sau:

2.1. Đổi những đại từ và tính từ sở hữu trong Reported Speech

Khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu tường thuật, chúng ta cũng cần thay đổi các đại từ và tính từ sở hữu theo những quy tắc như sau:

I could swim when I was four → She said she could swim when she was four.

I must study at the weekend → She said she had to study at the weekend

Our team won the championship → They said that their team had won the championship

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2.2. Thay đổi Thì (Tense) cho động từ trong Reported Speech

Đôi khi, sự việc được trình bày trong câu gián tiếp (Reported Speech) thường không xảy ra ở thời điểm nói. Vì thế, khi muốn tường thuật hoặc diễn đạt lại thông tin đó, động từ chính trong câu cần được lùi 1 thì về quá khứ so với thì được dùng trong câu.

2.3. Thay đổi trạng từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn trong Reported Speech

Đối với cấu trúc câu tường thuật , sự việc sẽ hiếm khi xảy ra vào thời điểm người nói tường thuật lại. Vì thế, bạn cần phải có sự thay đổi vì trạng từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn cụ thể.

3. Các dạng câu tường thuật (Reported speech) phổ biến

Bên cạnh công thức câu tường thuật thông thường được chia theo các thì như trên, bạn sẽ bắt gặp những câu tường thuật (Reported speech) có cấu trúc chuyển đổi khác, điển hình như:

3.1. Reported Speech dạng câu trần thuật, câu kể

S + say(s) / said + (that) + S + V

Lưu ý: says /say/said to cần được chuyển thành tells/tell/told

He said to me, “I ate a pizza last night”. → He told me he had eaten a pizza the previous night.

3.2. Reported Speech dạng câu hỏi Yes/No Question

S + asked / wanted to know / wondered + if / whether + S + V

John asked, “Do you remember?” → John asked me if I remembered.

3.3. Reported Speech dạng câu hỏi Wh-question

S + asked (+O) / wanted to know / wondered + Wh-words + S + V

“What is Andy doing?” Jim asked → Jim wanted to know what Andy was doing.

4. Bài tập Tiếng Anh Reported Speech có đáp án

Bài tập 1: Viết lại câu Reported Speech theo đề bài cho sẵn

1. “If the weather is fine, I will go to the beach with my friends,” she said.

.......................................................................................................................................

2. “What would you do if you had one day off ?” I asked her.

3. “I would have come to see you if I had known your address, Harry,” Tom said.

4. “I’m sure he will help you if you ask him.” she told me.

5. “If today were Monday, we would go to school,” my friend said to me.

6. She said to me, “If I were you, I wouldn’t tell her my address.”

7. “There would not be enough seats if a lot of guests came,” they said.

8. “You will be surprised if you meet her,” Ann said to Clara.

Bài tập 2: Chuyển các câu sau về các cấu trúc câu tường thuật trong Tiếng Anh

1. "If I have time, I will visit you tomorrow," she said.

2. "Would you like to join us for dinner?" they asked.

3. "Be careful! The road is slippery," the sign said.

4. "Please, lend me some money," he said.

5. "You did a great job on the presentation," the manager praised.

6. "Let me help you with your luggage," he offered.

7. "I broke the vase," she admitted.

8. "Let's go to the movies tonight," he suggested.

9. "You broke the window," she accused.

10. "Don't forget to call me later," he reminded me.

1. She said that if the weather was fine, she would go to the beach with her friends.

2. I asked her what she would do if she had one day off.

3. Tom said that he would have come to see me if he had known Harry's address.

4. She told me that she was sure he would help me if I asked him.

5. My friend said to me that if today were Monday, they would go to school.

6. She said to me that if she were me, she wouldn't tell her address to her.

7. They said that there would not be enough seats if a lot of guests came.

8. Ann said to Clara that she would be surprised if she met her.

1. She said that if she had time, she would visit me the next day.

2. They invited me to join them for dinner.

3. The sign warned that the road was slippery.

4. He begged me to lend him some money.

5. The manager praised me for doing a great job on the presentation.

6. He offered to help me with my luggage.

7. She admitted breaking the vase.

8. He suggested going to the movies that night.

9. She accused me of breaking the window.

10. He reminded me to call him later.

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Trên đây là kiến thức về ngữ pháp câu tường thuật (Reported Speech) và một số bài tập về câu tường thuật giúp bạn làm quen với chủ điểm ngữ pháp này. Nếu bạn muốn hệ thống hóa kiến thức ngữ pháp của bản thân, đừng quên dành thời gian luyện tập qua các bài tập mẫu có sẵn ở IDP được cá nhân hóa theo năng lực của mỗi thí sinh.

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Câu bị động (Passive Voice)

Các dạng Câu cầu khiến (Causative Form)

Modal Verb (Động từ khiếm khuyết)

Câu Thesis Statement

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Published on December 11, 2023

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Grammar: Reported speech

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Reported speech, also known as indirect speech, is a way of reporting what someone else has said without quoting their exact words. When transforming direct speech (the actual words spoken) into reported speech, there are certain changes in pronouns, tenses, and other elements to make the statement grammatically correct. Here are some key points to keep in mind when converting direct speech to reported speech:

Table of Contents

1. Tense changes

When we report what someone has said we sometimes change the tense of the main verb: we move tenses ‘back’ one tense.

However, we often choose not to change the tense. This may be because:

what we are talking about remains true: ‘This has nothing to do with the figures.’ ➡️ He said that the job losses have nothing to do with the figures. (at the time of reporting this fact is still true)
the original tense was past simple or past continuous: ‘We decided to change the way we operate our business two years ago.’ ➡️ West claimed that they decided to make changes two years ago.

2. Reporting verbs

When we report what someone has said, we are unlikely to use exactly the same words as in the original speech. We can choose from many different reporting verbs to hep us convey the general idea using fewer words than in the original speech. Here are some common reporting verbs:

Some of the same verbs can be used in different ways (e.g. admit, claim, offer, persuade):

West claimed that they decided to make the changes two years ago. West claimed to have decided to make the changes two years ago.

3. Time references etc.

We sometimes needs to change words or phrases in reported speech if they are reported at a different time from the original words:

t oday => that day tomorrow => the following day/the next day yesterday => the day before next week => the following week now => then/straight away this => that here => there

He said he would see me tomorrow . (reported on the same day) He said he would see me the next day . (reported at a later date)

Sometimes the context requires pronouns to change: ‘ I like you’ => He said he liked her. ‘I like you’ => I said I liked her.

4. Reporting questions

We use statement word order when reporting questions: I asked Mr West how he was going to deal with the problem (not I asked Mr West how was he going to deal with the problem )

To report questions with question words (who, what, where, why, when, how) we keep the question word: ‘What has led to this situation?’ => The interviewer asked what had led to this situation.

We can use if or whether to report yes/no questions: ‘ Are these cuts a result of Angleside’s poor performance over the past five years?’ => I asked if/whether these cuts were the result of Angleside’s poor performance over the past five years.

ℹ️We do not use a question mark for reported questions.

Grammar extra: Other ways of reporting

We can use other expressions to report speech e.g. according to (common in spoken and written English) , apparently, supposedly, seemingly (more common in spoken English) : According to the radio programmer, they are cutting 150 jobs.

It’s important to note that not all reported speech requires these changes; it depends on the context and the information being conveyed. Additionally, these rules can vary in more complex sentences, and some adjustments may be necessary based on the specific situation.

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4 rules for Reported speech in English

The 4 rules for Reported speech in English. Reported speech, also called indirect speech , is what happens when we are telling someone about what another person said.

Here is an example of direct and reported speech:

Direct speech : I don’t like this party . Reported or indirect speech: He said (that) he didn’t like the party.

When changing direct speech into reported speech, there are four rules you need to consider:

Reported speech rule #1: changing pronouns

If the speaker uses a pronoun that does not work if reported by you, it needs to be changed. For example:

Direct speech

“I don’t like homework,” he said.

“My mum told me to study,” she said.

Reported or indirect speech

He said (that) he didn’t like homework.

She said (that) her mum told her to study.

Reported speech rule #2: changing locations

A change of place between when the conversation was held and when it was reported may mean that the ‘place’ words need changing.

Direct speech > Reported or indirect speech

For example:

“I don’t like it here, “ he said. – reported from somewhere else – He said (that) he didn’t like it there .

“ This party is boring,” he said. – reported from somewhere else – He said (that) the party was boring.

“My mum told me to come home,” she said. > She said (that) her mum told her to go home.

“You should spend the weekend here, ” he said. > He said (that) I should spend the weekend there .

Reported speech rule #3: changing timing

NOTE: imagine that the speech below is being reported one month later than the direct speech.

Direct speech >> Reported or indirect speech

“I met her this morning,” she said. >> She said (that) she had met her that morning.

“I can see you now,” the teacher said. >> The teacher said (that) he could see me then.

“I changed jobs a month ago,” John said. >> John said (that) he had changed jobs the month before.

“I’ll see you next week,” the doctor said. >> The doctor said (that) she would see me the following week.

“We’ll tell you tomorrow,” they said. >> They said (that) they would tell me the following / the next day.

Reported speech rule #4: changing the tense

Often you will need to change the tense from the direct speech. The list below shows the common changes between tenses.

Direct speech – Reported speech

Present simple changes to past simple: “It is lovely!” she said. – She said (that) it was lovely.

Present continuous changes to past continuous : “I am studying,” she said. – She said (that) she was studying.

Present perfect changes to past perfect: “I have finished,” she said. – She said (that) she had finished.

Present perfect continuous changes to past perfect continuous: “I’ve been cooking,” she said. – She said (that) she had been cooking.

Past simple changes to the past perfect : “I saw Jim at work,” she said. – She said (that) she had seen Jim at work.

Past perfect doesn’t change: “I had already missed the bus,” she said. – She said (that) she had already missed the bus.

Past perfect continuous doesn’t change: “I had been waiting for 10 minutes,” she said. – She said (that) she had been waiting for 10 minutes.

Will changes to would: “I will see you later,” she said. – She said (that) she would see me later.

Can changes to could: “I can help,” she said. – She said (that) she could help.

Must changes to had to: “I must go,” she said. – She said (that) she had to go.

Shall changes to should: “What shall we do today?” she said. – She asked what we should do that day.

May changes to might: “I may have a day off today,” she said. – She said (that) she might have a day off that day.

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Reported Speech

Perfect english grammar.

Reported Statements

Here's how it works:

We use a 'reporting verb' like 'say' or 'tell'. ( Click here for more about using 'say' and 'tell' .) If this verb is in the present tense, it's easy. We just put 'she says' and then the sentence:

Direct speech: I like ice cream.
Reported speech: She says (that) she likes ice cream.

We don't need to change the tense, though probably we do need to change the 'person' from 'I' to 'she', for example. We also may need to change words like 'my' and 'your'. (As I'm sure you know, often, we can choose if we want to use 'that' or not in English. I've put it in brackets () to show that it's optional. It's exactly the same if you use 'that' or if you don't use 'that'.)

But , if the reporting verb is in the past tense, then usually we change the tenses in the reported speech:

Reported speech: She said (that) she liked ice cream.

* doesn't change.

Direct speech: The sky is blue.
Reported speech: She said (that) the sky is/was blue.

Click here for a mixed tense exercise about practise reported statements. Click here for a list of all the reported speech exercises.

Reported Questions

So now you have no problem with making reported speech from positive and negative sentences. But how about questions?

Direct speech: Where do you live?
Reported speech: She asked me where I lived.
Direct speech: Where is Julie?
Reported speech: She asked me where Julie was.
Direct speech: Do you like chocolate?
Reported speech: She asked me if I liked chocolate.

Click here to practise reported 'wh' questions. Click here to practise reported 'yes / no' questions. Reported Requests

There's more! What if someone asks you to do something (in a polite way)? For example:

Direct speech: Close the window, please
Or: Could you close the window please?
Or: Would you mind closing the window please?
Reported speech: She asked me to close the window.
Direct speech: Please don't be late.
Reported speech: She asked us not to be late.

Reported Orders

Direct speech: Sit down!
Reported speech: She told me to sit down.
Click here for an exercise to practise reported requests and orders.
Click here for an exercise about using 'say' and 'tell'.
Click here for a list of all the reported speech exercises.

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Reported Speech

If we want to say what somebody has said, we basically have two options:

We can use the person's exact words - in quotation marks "..." if we are writing ( direct speech ).
We can change the person's words into our own words ( reported speech ).

In this lesson we learn about reported speech , the structure that we use when we report what another person has said, and reported speech rules.

Now we will look at:

Reported Statements
Time and Place
Reported Questions
Reported Requests
Reported Orders And then you can check your understanding of reported speech with...
Reported Speech Quiz

Reported speech is called "indirect speech" by some people. Other people regard reported speech simply as one form of indirect speech. Other forms are, for example:

questions-within-questions: Can you tell me if they are expensive?
mental processes: He believes that politics is a dirty game.

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IELTS Speaking Part 1: Reported Topic of Snacks

Below are the IELTS speaking part 1 questions with some model answer for the topic of snacks currently being used in the speaking test.

IELTS Speaking Part 1: Snacks Questions

Do you like snacks?
How often do you eat snacks?
How do you choose what snacks to eat?
Did you ever eat snacks when you were a child?
If you had a child, would you allow your child to eat snacks?
What kinds of snacks are popular in your country?
Do you think snacks are healthy?
Do you think all snacks are junk food?
Do you think eating snacks is good for your health?
Have the types of snacks people eat changed over the last few decades in your country?

IELTS Speaking Part 1: Snacks Model Answers

There are two optional answers for each question. If you want to post your own answers, put them in the comments box below.

Q) Do you like snacks?

A) No, not really. I generally prefer to eat at meal times rather than graze between meals.

A) Yes, I do. Around mid morning I usually have some fruit and then about 3pm I have some biscuits or something like that.

Q) What kinds of snacks are popular in your country?

A) Well, I guess that most people eat junk food like crisps, chocolate and biscuits for their snacks.

A) I suppose official workers mainly eat junk food like biscuits but other people sometimes eat fruit or something healthier.

Q) Do you think eating snacks is good for your health?

A) I think that if you’re hungry, it’s perfectly fine to have some fruit but if people eat junk food between meals, then it’s really unhealthy.

A) I think all kind of snacking between main meals is bad for your health. If people avoided snacking, they would be much healthier and less over weight.

IELTS Speaking Part 1 Tips

You can’t ask the examiner to change the topic.
Even if you don’t like snacks, the examiner will continue to ask you questions about the topic.
Try to give examples of snacks.
Snacks are any type of food that is eaten between meals – they might be healthy or unhealthy depending on what the person chooses to eat.
Snack is both a noun and a verb.
Part 1 answers can’t be very long but you should at least try to give one long complex sentence in your answer.

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Speaking Part 1 Topics and Questions

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Hi Liz.Your website is the best for learners

Hi liz I have problem with my accent of english, and my mother language of urdu is affecting my accent.i am here in egypt giving my ilets exam on 20th Janurary. My question is It is better to inform examiner about this problem just i start my speaking test or it will effect my score.?

All students have an accent when they speaking English. Pronunciation is one of the marking criteria. If your accent is so strong that it is hard to understand, you will get a lower score in that marking criterion. It is fine to have an accent, but it should not affect communication.

Thank you liz I’m improving a lot from your blog 😊😊

hi liz, may be its a silly question to ask, what are the snacks we can mention, bcoz most of them are hindi named .

It’s a good question. You need to prepare as much as you can. See this page: https://ieltsliz.com/ielts-speaking-part-1-reported-topic-of-snacks/ . All my speaking tips and topics are on the main page: https://ieltsliz.com/ielts-speaking-free-lessons-essential-tips/

can i download all of your speaking related question from your site?

You can download only what is available on pdf – I haven’t converted all pages yet.

Hi liz Want to have some idea about the topic describe a vocation useful to society I don’t hve any idea abt this Plz guide me soon i hve exam next week Thank u

For example, a doctor or an environmental conservationist.

thank u liz

today i participated in specking test; Dhaka, Bangladesh

question came-

part-1: what is your name where do you live what is the activities of your local community do you like music what sort of music do you like do you think music changed form past to now

Part-2: Local news where it happened who involved there how you get the news explain how you enjoyed it

Part-3: in you local area do people read news how do they get news basically how news implies its role on ones daily life in your country people like local news or international news.

that is the end of the specking

Thanks for sharing 🙂

Madam Liz, I have a question regarding writing task 2. Is it necessary to write essay in first person voice or one can write it in third person voice also?

I’m sorry for such odd question, but is that alright to have speaking test at 4:50p.m. The reason why I’m concerned is that examiner might be exhaustes, isn’t it?

Not all examiners work all day. Don’t worry about when your test is. All the best Liz

Hi guys! I’ve just joint here but I don’t speak English very well but I think I will. Is it ok?

Will you become my English partner? In this way we can easily improve our language. If you want answer me plz

I want to be your Enails partner. Of course , if you want 🙂

Hello Liz,i am little bit confused.. what will i do to overcome my stress becuz my speaking exam will on 1st week of december .i want to say u your lessions are very helpfull …thanks for guiding me through vedio ..can u tell me what should i do??

https://ieltsliz.com/liz-notice-2015-2016/

hi liz…i just finished my ielts dated november 7, those question about snacks are exactly my part 1 questions….but on my part 3…she suddenly mentioned about countryside…actually that word is unfamiliar to me.,..she asked me if do you think it is better to live in a countryside? i answered no and she asked me why with some confusions on her face…i mmediately answered no due to some bad influences….after the exam i search for the meaning of countryside….and its about rural…do u think Im going to lose mark on that? and I also asked her to repeat that question as “could you please repeat the question? ” but she repeated it with the same words…so i just tried to answer it to the best that I can even if I knew that my answer was wrong. and I asked 3 times to repeat a certain question on the whole speaking test particularly in part 1 and 3. but its always “could you please repeat the question?” is there anything wrong about all those?

You will be marked on your English language during the test. If you gave weak answers because you didn’t understand, it will affect your score. However, your score is calculated over the whole test and an average performance score is given. Judging from your message above, your English is around band 5 or 5.5. Let’s wait for your results and see how you do. All the best Liz

liz….i just got my speaking result…its….7….it really doesnt matter if your answer is wrong or right….

That’s right. It is only about your English language not your ideas or answers. Well done!! Liz

tnx a lot liz…although just need some practice on the 3 areas…..

thanks for kidnly information

I have two quick questions:

1) Are we free to use words like wanna/gonna/ain’t/gotcha etc in speaking module? 2) Can we start the second part of Speaking test with something like this – “I’m glad that I got an interesting topic to speak about. It is interesting to me at least, as I have to talk about a surprise gift that I received recently.”

Thanks for your advice in advance.

Question 1: Yes, it will help you get a higher score. These are examples of contractions in pronunciation which show a higher level of English. Question 2: Don’t memorise sentences. The examiners are highly experienced and will discount a learned phrase. Also it is likely you won’t get an interesting topic. Just paraphrase the topic and start giving details directly. All the best Liz

Hi Liz I am an Indian and in India we eat snacks which have Hindi names, so for questions like these, is it allowed to name the snacks in Hindi.. Otherwise also I had this question in my mind, whether we are allowed to name things in native language, like “Saree” is a kind of clothing , so do they deduct marks for it?

Using language which is not English will not help your score. This is an English language test so try not to use other languages. Instead, describe it, for example “which is a sweet made from sugar, carrot and spices”. All the best Liz

Hi Liz, Thank you for sharing this. I had been reading some of your articles before my last IELTS test (10 Oct.). However, I am very surprised and also regret that I didn’t read all of your articles before I take the test. It came out that I had the same topics of this. I would say that next time before I take another test, I will try my best to study all.

As to my result of speaking, I haven’t got it yet. I would say my answer is okay but not as good as yours. 🙂 Finger cross!

Let’s hope you get good results 🙂 Liz

Hi Liz! Thank you so much for your help. I took my test last Sept 26. Just viewed my results online and got passing scores. I just want to share the speaking test I had. Task 1 – tell me something about the apartment or home you are living in, how do you meet new friends. Task 2 – describe a person who you were surprised when you meet him/ her, who is this person, why you were surprised. Task 3 -questions on travel, friends, why other nations don’t allow their citizen to travel to other countries.

Greetings Liz,

I am preparing for IELTS general examination but I have stammering & shuttering from childhood. Will this impact my score ? Can you suggest me ?

You should contact your local IELTS test center and inform them of this. Pronunciation is 25% of your marks and fluency is another 25%. Stuttering and stammering will affect both your fluency and intonation so it will affect your score. But hopefully if you contact your local IELTS test center and inform them of this medical condition, it might be taken into consideration. Otherwise, just tell the examiner before your test starts. All the best Liz

Thanks for your suggestion Liz, will do the same. I have been going through your website for IELTS tips and other stuff. Thanks you for your contribution !!

I just finished my Speaking exam today here in the Philippines. I left the testing center quite confident that I nailed the 7. However, when I was two blocks away from IDP, they called me and asked to retake the exam! The examiner wasn’t able to record my Speaking so I had to redo it! This is basically one of the most incredulous things that ever happened to me. I got back to the center and they gave me another set of questions, which I unfortunately didn’t answer as fluently as the first one. Of course I didn’t have the same level of adrenaline and mental preparedness! I do think I did better on my first! How do you think will the examiner grade me?

This is s surprising situation. I also have never heard of this happening. It was just unfortunate that the recording device didn’t work. Do you remember the examiner switching it on? I honestly can’t say how the examiner will mark you. Theoretically they should mark you based only on your answers in your new test and not pay attention to the test before. This is because the examiner is checked on their ability to give you a grade based on the recording. However, maybe the examiner might take your abilities into consideration. I can’t predict. It’s such a shame that happened. I will keep my fingers crossed that you get a good score!! All the best Liz

Hi Liz, thanks much for your prompt reply!

I did remember her turning the recorder on but maybe the button got stuck or something. I actually got the courage to ask her before the repeat exam if she is grading me for the second one but gave me a vague answer. She mentioned it will more or less be the same anyway, but didn’t give any assurances.

By the way I took UKVI so there was also a videotape recording. The staff told me it was videotaped successfully though. I’m just not sure if audio is also captured in the recording.

If say I will get a result lower than what I feel I deserve, what do you think would be the best step to take?

The only step open to you would be remarking but that would be on your second test not the first (unless the video recording contained audio). Remarks are done in London by a senior examiner assessing the recording. But try not to worry yet. Wait for your results to come through and then think about your next step. Good luck! Liz

Really appreciate your reply. I’m hoping for the best!

By the way, I was asked about snacks on the first part (of my second exam) and this vocabulary post of yours really helped me!

Kudos to you!

Hey Pauline! How much did you finally score on your speaking?

Hi, teacher. I took my speaking exam few days ago. My questions contained about snack. I lost myself and said that i like to eat candies, is it also consider as a snack? and at the end of exam due to my nervous feeling i even didn’t say goodbye( instead of goodbye i said hi), will it affect my score? Please, answer me. I need it.

The examiner will only give you a mark for the answers you produced in the test so don’t worry about what you said afterwards. Yes, candies are definitely a type of snack because we eat them between meals. Any food eaten between a meal is considered a snack. Good luck with your results! All the best Liz

Thank you so much! But firstly i said i like to eat fast food, then she asked the same question again, then i answered that i like to eat candies. I know what is snack but examiner was so serious, that’s why i forgot all i know. Will i lose score because of this?

No, it is only one question. You will be scored on the language you produced over the whole test. All the best Liz

Thank you very much! Have a nice day!

Dear teacher,

This is really remarkable sample answer to get high score.

If I may, I would like to ask one question. You mentioned that snack is a noun and snacking is a verb. However, snack is also a verb, isn’t it?

Thank you very much.

Yes, that’s right. It is both verb and noun. I’ll make that clearer by editing. Liz

Thank you teacher!

yes i do like snacks, though i’m doing my best recently to avoid them because of my weight.

Thank you for sharing . It’s really useful for me to improve my speaking task. Thanks alot, Liz! Regards,

You’re welcome 🙂

I really like to thank you Miss Liz. Frankly, l highly appreciate your efforts to help me imorove my English in general and IELTS specifically…again thank you very much

You’re very welcome 🙂

It is really a professional way to respond, however, I have noticed that the answers may contain the following questions, combined, giving spare time and making the examiner skipping the next questions.

I appreciate this. But it’s difficult when there are only a few words to use in paraphrasing the questions. Thanks Liz

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Câu tường thuật (reported speech) | các dạng cấu trúc và cách sử dụng.

Câu tường thuật (Reported speech) là một trong những cấu trúc ngữ pháp phổ biến và hữu dụng trong cả văn viết và văn nói. Bạn có thể gặp Câu tường thuật trong các bài thi TOEIC, IELTS và trong tiếng Anh giao tiếp. Bài viết dưới đây, Học IELTS sẽ giúp bạn hiểu rõ hơn về cấu trúc và cách sử dụng của từng loại Câu tường thuật trên.

Mục lục bài viết

Câu tường thuật (Reported speech) trong tiếng Anh là gì?

Tên tiếng anh của Câu tường thuật là Reported Speech . Ngữ pháp này được dùng khi người nói muốn thuật lại một cách gián tiếp câu nói, ngôn ngữ của người nào đó. Câu này diễn đạt lại nội dung, ý nghĩa lời nói của một ai đó nhưng không cần sử dụng chính xác đúng những từ mà người đó đã sử dụng.

Hay hiểu theo cách đơn giản đó là đi từ hình thức câu trực tiếp (trích dẫn trong dấu ngoặc kép) đưa về câu gián tiếp thông qua sự biểu đạt với hình thức tường thuật.

Định nghĩa câu tường thuật - Reported Speech

Câu tường thuật có hai kiểu:

– Câu tường thuật trực tiếp (direct speech): thuật lại đầy đủ và chính xác điều ai đó diễn đạt (trích dẫn). Khi viết, lời của người nói sẽ đặt trong dấu ngoặc kép.

He said “She is my girlfriend” → Khi thuật lại, câu trong ngoặc kép chính là lời nói trực tiếp của anh ấy. Đây là dạng câu trực tiếp.

– Câu tường thuật gián tiếp (indirect speech): thuật lại lời nói của một người theo cách gián tiếp, truyền nhau mà không có dùng dấu ngoặc kép, có thể không trích dẫn y nguyên.

She said: “ I want to eat ice cream”. → She said she wanted to eat ice cream. → Tường thuật gián tiếp sẽ chuyển ngôi. Họ gọi tắt là câu gián tiếp.

Trong bài viết hôm nay, chúng ta sẽ đi sâu vào tìm hiểu về câu tường thuật gián tiếp. Cấu trúc câu tường thuật thường được sử dụng khi người nói, người viết muốn kể lại hoặc thuật lại lời nói của một ai đó. Thông thường có 3 loại câu tường thuật chính:

Câu tường thuật ở dạng câu kể
Câu tường thuật ở dạng câu hỏi
Câu tường thuật ở dạng câu mệnh lệnh

Xem thêm: Liên từ (Conjunctions) trong tiếng Anh và cách sử dụng chi tiết nhất

Phân loại Câu tường thuật (Reported speech) trong tiếng Anh

1. câu tường thuật dạng câu kể.

Câu tường thuật của câu phát biểu: là loại tường thuật dễ thực hiện nhất với 4 bước cơ bản.

S + say(s) / said hoặc tell / told + (that) + S + V

√ Bước 1: Lựa chọn một động từ chính trong câu gián tiếp (có thể là say/tell và ở thể quá khứ là said/told)

Lưu ý: Trong quá trình tường thuật từ câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp thì thường động từ giới thiệu sẽ ở thể quá khứ, kèm theo đó là có hay không từ “that” đều được.

He says “She have just received a gift from her best friend in Denmark.” (Anh ấy nói: “Cô ấy vừa nhận được một món quà từ người bạn thân nhất ở Đan Mạch”)

→ He said (that) she had received a gift from her best friend in Denmark. (Anh ta nói rằng cô ấy vừa nhận được một món quà từ người bạn thân nhất ở Đan Mạch.)

√ Bước 2: Lùi thì phù hợp trong Câu tường thuật (thông thường động từ chính sẽ bị lùi 1 thì so với ở câu trực tiếp)

Các Modal verbs được đổi như sau:

Can → Could
May → Might
Must → Must / Had to
Còn các Modal verbs như sau thì không được lùi thì: might, could, would, should, ought to.

Đối với trường hợp câu trực tiếp thể hiện một sự thật, một chân lý tự nhiên hay khi động từ chính trong Câu tường thuật ở dạng hiện tại (say/ tell) thì có thể bỏ qua bước lùi thì này.

My mother said: “You are a kind and polite girl.” → My mother said (that) I was a kind and polite girl.
He said to me: “I very love my girlfriend.” → He told me (that) he very loved my girlfriend.

√ Bước 3: Đổi các đại từ chính, đại từ sở hữu, tính từ sở hữu hoặc tân ngữ trong câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp phù hợp

Lưu ý: trong trường hợp biến đổi câu nói của chính mình sang Câu tường thuật thì bước 3 này sẽ bị bỏ qua.

√ Bước 4: Đổi các trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn và thời gian thích hợp nhất khi biến đổi sang Câu tường thuật.

2. Câu tường thuật dạng câu hỏi

2.1. dạng câu hỏi trả lời yes or no (yes/no question).

Câu tường thuật dạng này thường được bắt đầu bằng động từ Tobe hoặc trợ động từ (Do/does/did) trong tiếng Anh. Vẫn biến đổi bình thường như ở loại câu tường thuật của câu phát biểu. Tuy nhiên cần lưu ý một vài điểm quan trọng.

Khi sử dụng động từ chính trong câu tường thuật là: ask, inquire, wonder, want to know,… + liên từ phù hợp

Có thể làm dễ dàng bằng cách để “If” hoặc “Whether” ngay sau các động từ chính nhằm thể hiện sự hỏi han, nghi vấn là có hay không.

Cấu trúc chính:

S + asked (+object) + if/whether + subject + V

The boss said: “Do you want to give a presentation?” → The boss asked me if/ whether I wanted to give a presentation.

2.2. Dạng câu hỏi có từ hỏi (Wh-Question)

Đây cũng là dạng câu hỏi như không phải trả lời Yes/No mà đó các từ hỏi cụ thể như What, Who, When, Why,… Tuy vậy nhưng cách thực hiện chuyển đôi vẫn y như cũ, ngoài ra cần lưu ý một số điểm quan trọng:

Phải ghi lại từ hỏi cụ thể khi chuyển sang câu tường thuật (không dùng if/whether thay thế)
Thay đổi các trật tự trong câu hỏi thành câu trần thuật hợp lý.

S + asked (+Object) + What/ When/… + Subject _ Verb

Rose said: “When do you visit my hometown again?” → Rose wanted to know when I visited her hometown again.

3. Câu tường thuật dạng câu mệnh lệnh

Khi chúng ta muốn tường thuật gián tiếp một mệnh lệnh hoặc yêu cầu, chúng ta có thể sử dụng một động từ “ tell ” với một mệnh đề -to:

He told me to go away.

Động từ + gián tiếp túc từ + mệnh đề -to .

3.1. Loại câu tường thuật dạng mệnh lệnh ở thể khẳng định

S + told + Object + to-infinitive

“Please cook a meal for me, Mary.” Mary’s boyfriend said. → Mary’s boyfriend told her to cook a meal for him.

3.2. Loại câu tường thuật dạng mệnh lệnh ở thể phủ định

S + told + Object + not to-infinitive.

“Don’t open the window in my room.” Jack said. → Jack told me not to open the window in his room.

Ngoài từ told dùng khi tường thuật dạng mệnh lệnh, ban cũng có thể thay đổ sang các từ tương tự như: ask, order, tell, advise, beg, warn, command, remind, instruct,…

Một số câu tường thuật ở dạng đặc biệt

1. câu tường thuật dạng câu điều kiện có lời nói gián tiếp.

Với câu điều kiện loại 1 diễn tả sự thật hiển nhiên, chân lý thì áp dụng phương pháp chung lùi thì bình thường.

She said: “If I can study in this school, I will be become a good student.” → She said (that) if she could study in that school, she would be become a good student.

Với câu điều kiện loại 2 và 3 diễn tả một điều không có thật, mong muốn, giả sử thì khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp chỉ cần giữ nguyên không đổi là được.

“If I were you, I wouldn’t do that.” My friend said. → My friend said if he was me, he wouldn’t do that.

2. Câu tường thuật dạng yêu cầu với “for”

Túc từ yêu cầu “For” trong câu tường thuật dùng với mẫu câu “asked for” + túc từ

3. Câu tường thuật dạng đề nghị

Đề xuất thường được tường thuật gián tiếp nhất là sử dụng những động từ như: suggest , insist , recommend , demand , request , và propose theo sau mệnh đề -that.

– ‘That’ và ‘Should’ là tùy chọn trong các mệnh đề này.

– Lưu ý: suggest, recommend, và propose cũng có thể được theo sau bởi một “gerund” để loại bỏ đối tượng gián tiếp (người nhận đề xuất) và vì vậy làm cho đề xuất lịch sự hơn.

She said, “Why don’t you get a mechanic to look at the car?” → She suggested that I should get a mechanic to look at the car. → She suggested I should get a mechanic to look at the car. → She suggested that I get a mechanic to look at the car. → She suggested I get a mechanic to look at the car.
“Why don’t you go to the doctor?” he said. → He suggested I go to the doctor. → He suggested that I go to the doctor. → He suggested I should go to the doctor. → He suggested that I should go to the doctor.
“It would be a good idea to see the dentist”, said my mother. → My mother suggested I see the dentist.
The dentist said, “I think you should use a different toothbrush”. → The dentist recommended using a different toothbrush.
You said, “I don’t think you have time to see the dentist this week.” → You suggested postponing my visit to the dentist.
I said, “I don’t think you should see the dentist this week.” → I suggested postponing your visit to the dentist.
My manager said, “I think we should examine the budget carefully at this meeting.” → My manager proposed that we examine the budget carefully at the meeting.
“Why don’t you sleep overnight at my house?” she said. → She suggested that I sleep overnight at her house.

4. SHALL/ WOULD diễn tả đề nghị, lời mời

Tom asked: “Shall I bring you some food?” → Tom offered to bring me some food.
Tom asked: “Shall we meet at the cinema?” → Tom suggested meeting at the cinema.

5. WILL/ WOULD/ CAN/ COULD diễn tả sự yêu cầu

Tom asked: ‘Will you help me, please?’ → Tom asked me to help him.
Jane asked Tom: ‘Can you open the door for me, Tom?’ → Jane asked Tom to open the door for her.

Các dạng câu hỏi và bài tập câu tường thuật - Reported Speech

Bài tập về câu tường thuật trong tiếng Anh

Viết lại đúng các câu sau bằng cách sử dụng cấu trúc câu tường thuật

1. “Please download the information from this file,” the director said to us. → The director told us ………………………………………………………

2. “Where is the cake which I just made?” Her mother asked her.” → Her mother asked her where ……………………………………

3. “Which way are you planning to go to the beach?” Mary asked us → Mary asked us which …………………………………………….

4. “Please bring that outfit over here if it has any damage.” the clerk said to Lisa. → The clerk told Lisa………………………………………………………

5. “Don’t come to my house without prior notice.” May’s colleague said to her. → May’s colleague told her ……………………………………………………

6. “Can you do this project best?” My manager told me” → My manager told me ………………………………..

7. Jimin’s girlfriend said, “My boyfriend is a very polite and courteous person so I love him very much.” → Jimin’s girlfriend said that ……………………………………..

8. “Is there any restroom nearby?” the customer asked me. → The customer asked me ………………………………..

9. Jenny said to him: “Please lend me your car to carry this cargo to the train station because my dad needs it right now.” → Jenny asked him …………………………..

10. “Don’t stay up late, Jisoo,” Jisoo’s mother said to her. → Jisoo’s mother told her ……………………………..

11. “Tim, did you see the water bottle which I just bought?” Tim’s roommate asked. → Tim’s roommate asked him ………………………………………………

12. “Don’t do anything worse, Jane.” Jane’s brother said to her. → Jane’s brother told her …………………………………….

13. She said: “I’ll take you to school tomorrow, Jack.” → She told Jack…………………………………….

14. “If you accept to take this survey, we will give you a discount coupon.” The seller said to us. → The seller told us …………………………………………………………..

15. “What do you plan to buy for your girlfriend’s birthday?” Tom asked me → Tom asked me ……………………………………………………………

16. “I will get back to you as soon as possible,” the clerk said to him. → The clerk told him …………………………………………….

17. “Can I borrow your phone, Mina?” Mina’s colleague asked her → Mina’s colleague asked her ……………………………………

18. “I want lots of people to come to my birthday party.” My brother said to me → My brother told me ………………………………………………………….

19. “Don’t drink that glass of water because it’s brandy.” Lisa’s boyfriend said to her. → Lisa’s boyfriend told her ………………………………………………….

20. “How long are you planning to study in Australia?” my roommate asked → My roommate asked me …………………………………………………

21. “Are you planning to go to school by train?” Britian’s mother asked him → Britian’s mother wanted to know………………………………………………

22. “Don’t turn on the indoor heater when nobody is there.” March’s mother said → March’s mother told him …………………………………………………….

23. “Will you come to the concert to see my show?” my neighbor asked me → My neighbor invited me …………………………………………………

24. “Don’t drive when you’re on the phone.” Mary’s father said to her. → Mary’s father told her …………………………………………….

25. “Did the doctor come to see you yesterday?” My mother asked → My mother asked me…………………………………………..

26. “Don’t step on the grass.” the neighbor said to me → The neighbor told me ……………………………

27. “What do you want to cook for breakfast, mommy?” Kate asked → Kate asked her mother …………………………….

28. “Can I use your computer, Peter?” Peter ‘s sister asked him → Peter’s sister asked him …………………………………..

29. “Why didn’t I have my name on the record?” The customer asked → The customer wondered…………………………………………..

30. “You has better do well everything that your boss requested, Anna.” John said. → John advised Anna ………………………………………………………..

Đáp án bài tập Câu tường thuật

1. The director told us to download the information from that file.

2. Her mother asked her where the cake was which she just had made.

3. Mary asked us which way we were planning to go to the beach.

4. The clerk told Lisa to bring that outfit over there if it had any damage.

5. May’s colleague told her not to come to her house without prior notice.

6. My manager told me if I could do that project best.

7. Jimin’s girlfriend said that he was a very polite and courteous person so she loved him very much.

8. The customer asked me if there any restroom nearby was.

9. Jenny asked him to lend her his car to carry that cargo to the train station because her dad needed it right then.

10. Jisoo’s mother told her not to stay up late.

11. Tim’s roommate asked him if he had seen the water bottle which she had just bought.

12. Jane’s brother told her not to do anything worse.

13. She told Jack that she would take him to schook the next day.

14. The seller told us they would give us a discount coupon if we accepted to take that survey.

15. Tom asked me what I planned to buy for my girlfriend’s birthday.

16. The clerk told him that she would get back to him as soon as possible.

17. Mina’s colleague asked her if she could borrow her phone.

18. My brother told me that he wanted lots of people to come to his birthsay party.

19. Lisa’s boyfriend told her not to drink that glass of water because it was brandy.

20. My roommate asked me how long I was planning to study in Australia.

21. Britian’s mother wanted to know if he was planning to go to school by train.

22. March’s mother told him not to turn on the indoor heater when nobody was there.

23. My neighbor invited me to come to the concert to see her show.

24. Mary’s father told her not to drive when she was on the phone.

25. My mother asked me if the doctor had come to see me the day before.

26. The neighbor told me not to step on the grass.

27. Kate asked her mother what she wanted to cook for breakfast.

28. Peter’s sister asked him if she could use his computer.

29. The customer wondered why he hadn’t had his name on the record.

30. John advised Anna to do well everything that her boss had requested.

Bài viết trên là bài viết tổng hợp về Câu tường thuật (Reported Speech) trong tiếng Anh mà Học IELTS đã tổng hợp. Giúp bạn vừa tìm hiểu những kiến thức vô cùng chi tiết về câu tường thuật rồi. Hy vọng sau bài này các bạn có thể sử dụng thành thạo các cấu trúc câu tường thuật trong giao tiếp hàng ngày hay là các bài kiểm tra trên trường lớp.

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Reported Speech – English Grammar

When we are finding out how to learn English grammar online, the way to present spoken words as reported or direct speech is an important skill to acquire. Reported speech is sometimes called indirect speech, to contrast with direct speech.

Table of Contents

Direct Speech

Although this piece is mainly focussed on reported speech, in order to understand this fully a good knowledge of how to write direct speech is really important.

Direct speech refers to the actual words that are spoken by a person, or character, in a story . We have rules to show this.

Punctuation of Direct Speech

There are many rules and conventions of punctuating direct speech (sometimes called dialogue):

Speech Marks : The actual words spoken appear between speech marks (it does not matter whether these are single or double, as long as the writer is consistent). All other punctuation appears within the speech marks.

‘How do you feel today?’ I asked.

End of dialogue : Often, when writing direct speech, the speaker will be identified with something like he said , or cried Joan . If this comes after a piece of direct speech, then that direct speech will usually end with a comma, although it can use a question mark, ellipses or exclamation mark, but not a full stop.
Sentences: Direct speech is considered a sentence within its own right, and is punctuated accordingly.
Paragraphing: Every time there is a change of speaker there should be a new paragraph. Normally, unless just a few words are being spoken, direct speech should begin a new paragraph.

Reported Speech

However, often a writer simply wants to carry the gist, or meaning, of the actual words a person uses . This is when indirect speech comes into play. Not only is this punctuated differently (none of the rules specific to direct speech apply – reported speech is punctuated as normal prose), but sometimes the tense of verb forms can change.

In reported speech tenses, pronouns and adverbial phrases often (but not always) change. The tables and examples below illustrate this. Firstly, we look at tense.

Pronouns in Reported Speech

Next we will consider how pronouns can be changed when shifting from direct to reported speech. There are rules to remember. They are complex, but can soon be learned.

First Person Pronoun – we, I, me, mine, us, our

If we are talking about a third person pronoun (for example: she, it, he, their etc) then the pronoun changes.

‘I love football,’ he told me. He told me that he loves football.

If we are talking about another first person then the pronoun, then the pronoun does not change.

I said, ‘I love football.’ I said that I love football.

Second Person Pronoun – you, yours

The pronoun changes to fit with the object of the sentence.

She said to me, ‘You are my hero!’ She said to me that I was her hero. ‘You are my hero,’ she said to him. She said to him that he was her hero.

Third Person Pronoun – she, he, it, they, his, him, them, his

The pronoun is not changed when direct speech is switched to reported speech.

‘It will fall over,’ he said. He said that it would fall over.

Adverbial changes in Reported Speech

These rules can seem confusing, but a good way to practice them is to take direct speech from a book, or from a quote in a newspaper, and try putting it into reported speech. The rules in this article can then be used to check that you have the right idea.

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ADVANCED GRAMMAR FOR IELTS (Reported Speech)

Julius Malaza

A Comprehensive Guide to Understanding and Using Reported Speech in English

What is Reported Speech?

Types of Reported Speech

Tense Changes in Reported Speech

Reporting Verbs

Converting Direct Speech to Reported Speech

Time Expressions

Common Mistakes

Practice Questions:

Practice Answers:

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Reported Speech là gì? Cấu trúc và bài tập câu tường thuật

Chủ đề bài viết

1. Câu tường thuật là gì?

2. Quy tắc chuyển đổi câu trực tiếp sang câu tường thuật

2.1. Đổi những đại từ và tính từ sở hữu trong Reported Speech

2.2. Thay đổi Thì (Tense) cho động từ trong Reported Speech

2.3. Thay đổi trạng từ chỉ thời gian, nơi chốn trong Reported Speech

3. Các dạng câu tường thuật (Reported speech) phổ biến

3.1. Reported Speech dạng câu trần thuật, câu kể

3.2. Reported Speech dạng câu hỏi Yes/No Question

3.3. Reported Speech dạng câu hỏi Wh-question

4. Bài tập Tiếng Anh Reported Speech có đáp án

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Bài Học Tiếng Anh Giao Tiếp

Câu tường thuật (Reported speech) trong tiếng Anh là gì?

Phân loại Câu tường thuật (Reported speech) trong tiếng Anh

2. Câu tường thuật dạng câu hỏi

2.2. Dạng câu hỏi có từ hỏi (Wh-Question)

3. Câu tường thuật dạng câu mệnh lệnh

3.1. Loại câu tường thuật dạng mệnh lệnh ở thể khẳng định

3.2. Loại câu tường thuật dạng mệnh lệnh ở thể phủ định