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Malta’s history and heritage

Since Neolithic times, for over 8,000 years, Malta has been populated and remains of the earliest inhabitants can still be found on the island. The large structures of Neolithic temples are still standing in the south of the island of Malta (Tarxien Temples, Hagar Qim, Mnajdra), and in Gozo (Ggantija).

Scientists reckon that some of these temples were erected around one thousand years before the construction of the famous pyramids of Giza in Egypt, and are believed to be the oldest free-standing monuments in the world. After the Neolithic culture faded away, around 2,000 B.C., the island was conquered by the Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Romans and Arabs respectively.

During the Middle Ages, Malta was involved in the Byzantine-Arab Wars and was invaded by the Arabs, who introduced new irrigation, some fruits and cotton to the island. The Arabs also brought over the Siculo-Arabic language from Sicily, to which Malta was closely affiliated at the time. The language would eventually evolve into current-day Maltese. The Arabs allowed the native Christians to practice their religion but were discriminated against by being charged with an extra tax.

The Normans seized Malta around 1091, and were welcomed by the native Christians, who will have been pleased to see Roman-Catholicism reintroduced as the state religion. The Maltese islands became part of the Kingdom of Sicily, which also covered a large part of present-day Italy.

The Order of Knights of St John (also known as the Knights of Malta) ruled the islands from 1530 until 1798, during which period they built present-day  capital city Valletta . ( Learn more about Valletta’s history here. )

The Knights improved living conditions across the Island building hospitals, stimulated trade and commerce and erected strong fortifications. During their rule, the Knights successfully held out for many months throughout the horrific fighting and massive assaults by Ottoman invaders, now coined The Great Siege of 1565.

In 1798 Napoleon’s army conquered the island, easily removing the Knights of St John from power, who had not been prepared for the force with which the French charged. In the six days that followed the conquest, a civil code was laid down for Malta. Slavery was abolished and all Turkish slaves were freed. Napoleon himself created a primary and secondary education system and a more scientific based university replaced the old one.

The British Throne took over Malta after Napoleon’s demise and ruled the islands for the next 160 years. Malta was bombed persistently by German forces during World War II in an attempt to take over the Malta, which was known as a location of high strategic importance for both trade and conflict. Malta was bombed more heavily in 1942 than the whole blitz of London. The British and Maltese unified in their battle for survival and the Germans failed to conquer neither Malta, nor the Maltese.

The determination and strong spirit shown by the population of Malta led King George VI to award Malta the George Cross. His official message, which was engraved in a marble plaque on the façade of the Presidential Palace in Valletta, reads: “To honour her brave people I award the George Cross to the Island Fortress of Malta, to bear witness to a heroism and a devotion that will long be famous in history.” This award is still part of the national flag of Malta and is seen as a symbol of a proud nation. The Maltese gained their independence from the British in 1964 and the country would continue as a sovereign state and republic. Since May 2003, Malta is a member of the European Union and a popular tourist destination for many Europeans.

Timeline of Malta’s history

B.c. – pre-history and classical malta (5000-218 b.c.), a.d. – classical and medieval malta (60-1530), the knights of st. john (1530-1798), the french occupation (1798-1800), the british period (1800-1964), independent malta (1964-to date).

• Berg, Warren G.  Historical Dictionary of Malta . Maryland, US: The Scarecrow Press, Inc. 1995. Miscellaneous other publications
• Timeline originally compiled by Martin Debattista and published on AboutMalta.com
• https://vatican.com/The-Lateran-Treaty/

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Edward est le fondateur et l'éditeur de Malta Uncovered, et l'auteur de deux guides sur Malte et La Valette.

En tant que touriste devenu expatrié avec des racines maltaises, il connaît parfaitement les îles et aide chaque année des milliers de visiteurs à profiter d'un voyage mémorable.

I recently spent time in Malta, living in an apartment in Floriana, whilst I got to know a little more about this petit, attractive and vibrant country. I love the warm honey coloured limestone, used in the sixteenth century buildings. Such Charm! Your History Timeline is most interesting and appreciated, by one who wanted to learn a little more of Malta’s History. I am not Maltese, however I now have an affection for this fascinating place.

Happy to hear Rob! Floriana is a fascinating place, both to stay as well to explore and I’m planning on providing a guide for it soon!

You did a wonderful job writing this article. Very interesting and educational. Thank you

My parents with their six girls arrived in Australia in August 1951 but I have always been proud of my wonderful heritage. I love my adopted country. The spirit of the Lighthorsemen but I still call myself a Maltese and am not ashamed to be one.

I am so proud to be part of Malta’s heritage. This article is a wonderful depiction of Malta’s history. Born in Canada to 2 Maltese parents I hope to keep your wonderful traditions alive! Thanks so much for the insight.

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• Taxi Booking
• Excursion and tours
• Maltese History Timeline
• Maltese Historical Civilizations
• Middle Ages
• The Great Siege, Knights of Malta and Napoleon
• British Malta and World War II
• Malta’s Independence and Republic
• The culture of Malta through history
• Religion in Malta
• Maltese politics
• Maltese Folklore
• Weather and Climate
• Top 10 cities in Malta
• Getting to Comino
• Getting to Gozo
• Did you know?
• General Information

Top City according Members

The best "did you know" according members, the culture of malta explained , a mixture of societies of cultures over long centuries.

The culture of Malta is the result of the many different societies that came in contact with the Maltese Islands throughout history, including cultures of neighbouring countries, cultures of nations that ruled Malta for long centuries, and other influences from tourism and media. 

The culture of modern Malta is a rich one, composed of traditions, beliefs and practices that resulted out of a long process of adaptation and assimilation of different societies over time. Subjected to these historic processes, the Maltese culture also incorporated the linguistic and ethnic admixture that defines who the Maltese people are. 

The Maltese culture of today can be effectively defined as being Latin European with influences from the British period of history quite evident. Arab influences are very apparent in the Maltese language and perhaps a bit in the Mediterranean diet, but they’re not seen anywhere else. Latin European influences remain predominant mainly because of the island’s rulers in the past eight centuries as well as the fact that Malta shares religious beliefs and many traditions with its Sicilian and Southern European neighbors.

Semitic influence

Malta was inhabited by the Phoenicians from around 700 BC who exploited the shelter of Malta’s harbours. By 480BC, as Carthage was growing its empire in the Western Mediterranean, Malta became a Punic colony. Exposure to semitic influences continued to an during the 268-year rule of the Knights of St. John, in part because of trade, but mainly because of the large numbers of slaves present in Malta during the 17th and 18th centuries.

Dramatic incidents related to piracy and slavery remain with us till today, reflected in Maltese folklore, superstitions, beliefs, sayings and in the Maltese literature, with works such as Inez Farrug written by Anton Manwel Caruana in 1889 (1889) and the traditional ballad of l-Gharusa tal-Mosta, which narrates the kidnap of a Maltese bride by Turkish pirates. 

Influences of Catholicism on Maltese culture

It is said that in Malta, Gozo, and Comino there are around 365 churches; or one church for every day of the year. Every town has its parish church as the focal point and a main source of civic pride. This pride is beautifully manifested during festas; celebrating the day of the patron saint of each parish with marching bands, processions, fireworks and other festivities.

According to tradition, and as recorded in the Acts of the Apostles, the Church in Malta was founded by St. Paul in 60AD, following his shipwreck on these Islands. The earliest Christian place of worship in Malta is known to be St. Paul's Grotto – the place where St. Paul was imprisoned during his stay on Malta. Evidence of Christian practices and beliefs during Roman persecution can be found in the many catacombs that lie underground around Malta. There are also a number of cave churches, including the grotto at Mellieħa, where St. Luke is said to have painted a picture of the Madonna. 

Under the rulings of the Norman, Spanish and the Knights, Malta became the devout Catholic nation it is today. It is worth noting that the Inquisition had a very long history in Malta – established by the Pope in 1530, with the last Inquisitor departed in 1798, after the Knights surrendered to the forces of Napoleon Bonaparte.

Influences of migration

Malta’s position as a maritime nation paved the way for extensive interaction between Maltese seamen and their colleagues around the Mediterranean. Moreover, by the mid-19th century, the Maltese had already a history of migrating to other places, including Egypt, Greece, Sicily and other islands in the Mediterranean. Intermarriages where quite common, while migrants would return to Malta from time to time, importing new customs and traditions that been absorbed into mainstream Maltese culture as time went by.

Migration was heavy once again after World War II, where around a third of the Maltese population left to start a new life in faraway lands, namely Australia, Canada, UK and US. In the 1990s many Maltese and second generation migrants returned to Malta. Recent years have seen an increase in the number of foreign expatriates moving to Malta, creating an increasingly cosmopolitan environment in the towns and around Malta.

A few basics of the Maltese culture:

• The Maltese culture is a combination that comes alive by different societies that interacted with the Maltese people over time. Read about how the Maltese culture was influenced by each ruler in the history of Malta.
• The Maltese are a very devout Catholic nation, and religion still has an important place in the modern Maltese society. Read about Religion in Malta
• Maltese people spend a lot of time and energy discussing politics. Especially as the general elections draw closer. 
• The Maltese language is the only semitic language written in Latin Alphabet.

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Malta is a tourist destination with its warm climate, numerous recreational areas, and architectural and historical monuments, including three UNESCO World Heritage Sites: Ħal Saflieni Hypogeum, Valletta,and seven megalithic temples which are some of the oldest free-standing structures in the world.

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• important islands
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Presentation Transcript

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