life of prophet muhammad essay

Essay on The Life of Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) | My Hero

Essay on the life of hazrat muhammad (صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم), my hero in history.

In this post, you will find an Essay on the Life of Holy Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH), My Hero in History. You can write the same essay under the title, Essay on the Holy Prophet (PBUH) or Essay on the Life of Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH). This is a simple and easy essay for the students of Class 10 and Class 12. Students of 2nd Year of F.A, FSC, ICS and Icom can get benefit from this essay. Life of Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) is a role model for every Muslim. In this essay, we will discuss the whole life of Hazrat Muhammad (صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم) in short words. You can practice this essay as a course of your studies. If you are looking for more essays, you can visit English Essays Category .

Essay on The Holy Prophet, Hazrat Muhammad (صلی اللہ علیہ وسلم)

Our Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) was born in Makkah in the famous tribe of Quraish. His father, Abdullah died before his birth. So his mother, Amna Bibi looked after him. But she also died when he was only six years old. New, his grandfather, Abdul Muttalib took charge of him, but he did not live long. Finally, his uncle, Abu Talib looked after him and never left him alone in any hardship.

Our Holy Prophet (Peace Be Upon Him) married Khadija, a wealthy lady of Makkah when he was twenty-five years old. Hazrat Khadija handed over all her wealth to our Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) to spend for good and noble purposes. He helped the poor and needy. When our Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) reached the age of forty he was commanded by Allah, the Almighty to preach Islam. Our Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) started preaching that there is no God but Allah who is the creator of the universe and to whom all human beings would return.

The people of Makkah accepted Islam very slowly. In the beginning, only a few people accepted the new religion. The Makkans indeed became the sworn enemy of the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) and his follower. They created all sort of troubles for the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) but he stood firm. At last, they planned to kill the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) and he was compelled to leave for Medina where he was accorded a warm welcome by his followers. But the infidels did not allow him to live even there in peace. They fought several battles in order to wipe out the followers of Islam. However, Allah granted strength to our Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) to defeat them and come out successful in his mission.

After ten years stay in Medinah, the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) came back to Makkah with ten thousand of his followers and conquered Makkah. On the day of his conquest, he could severely punish those who caused so much trouble and planned to kill him, but he excused everybody. After that, the new religion prospered by leaps and bounds.

Our Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H) returned to his Creator at the age of sixty-three. He left for his followers the Holy Quran and the Sunnah. 

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Muhammad was a prophet and founder of Islam.

Quick Facts

The life of muhammad, the prophet muhammad, the death of muhammad, who was muhammad.

Muhammad was the prophet and founder of Islam. Most of his early life was spent as a merchant. At age 40, he began to have revelations from Allah that became the basis for the Koran and the foundation of Islam. By 630 he had unified most of Arabia under a single religion. As of 2015, there are over 1.8 billion Muslims in the world who profess, “There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet.”

FULL NAME: Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib ibn Hashim BORN: c. 570 BIRTHPLACE: Makkah, Saudi Arabia DEATH: June 8, 623

Muhammad was born around 570, AD in Mecca (now in Saudi Arabia). His father died before he was born and he was raised first by his grandfather and then his uncle. He belonged to a poor but respectable family of the Quraysh tribe. The family was active in Meccan politics and trade.

Many of the tribes living in the Arabian Peninsula at the time were nomadic, trading goods as they crisscrossed the desert. Most tribes were polytheistic, worshipping their own set of gods. The town of Mecca was an important trading and religious center, home to many temples and worship sites where the devoted prayed to the idols of these gods. The most famous site was the Kaaba (meaning cube in Arabic). It is believed to have been built by Abraham (Ibrahim to Muslims) and his son Ismail. Gradually the people of Mecca turned to polytheism and idolatry. Of all the gods worshipped, it is believed that Allah was considered the greatest and the only one without an idol.

In his early teens, Muhammad worked in a camel caravan, following in the footsteps of many people his age, born of meager wealth. Working for his uncle, he gained experience in commercial trade traveling to Syria and eventually from the Mediterranean Sea to the Indian Ocean. In time, Muhammad earned a reputation as honest and sincere, acquiring the nickname “al-Amin” meaning faithful or trustworthy.

In his early 20s, Muhammad began working for a wealthy merchant woman named Khadijah, 15 years his senior. She soon became attracted to this young, accomplished man and proposed marriage. He accepted and over the years the happy union brought several children. Not all lived to adulthood, but one, Fatima, would marry Muhammad’s cousin, Ali ibn Abi Talib, whom Shi’ite Muslims regard as Muhammad’s successor.

Muhammad was also very religious, occasionally taking journeys of devotion to sacred sites near Mecca. On one of his pilgrimages in 610, he was meditating in a cave on Mount Jabal aI-Nour. The Angel Gabriel appeared and relayed the word of God: “Recite in the name of your Lord who creates, creates man from a clot! Recite for your lord is most generous….” These words became the opening verses of sūrah (chapter) 96 of the Qur'an. Most Islamic historians believe Muhammad was initially disturbed by the revelations and that he didn’t reveal them publicly for several years. However, Shi’a tradition states he welcomed the message from the Angel Gabriel and was deeply inspired to share his experience with other potential believers.

Islamic tradition holds that the first persons to believe were his wife, Khadija and his close friend Abu Bakr (regarded as the successor to Muhammad by Sunni Muslims). Soon, Muhammad began to gather a small following, initially encountering no opposition. Most people in Mecca either ignored him or mocked him as just another prophet. However, when his message condemned idol worship and polytheism, many of Mecca’s tribal leaders began to see Muhammad and his message as a threat. Besides going against long standing beliefs, the condemnation of idol worship had economic consequences for merchants who catered to the thousands of pilgrims who came to Mecca every year. This was especially true for members of Muhammad’s own tribe, the Quraysh, who were the guardians of the Kaaba. Sensing a threat, Mecca’s merchants and leaders offered Muhammad incentives to abandon his preaching, but he refused.

Increasingly, the resistance to Muhammed and his followers grew and they were eventually forced to emigrate from Mecca to Medina, a city 260 miles to the north in 622. This event marks the beginning of the Muslim calendar. There Muhammad was instrumental in bringing an end to a civil war raging amongst several of the city’s tribes. Muhammad settled in Medina, building his Muslim community and gradually gathering acceptance and more followers.

Between 624 and 628, the Muslims were involved in a series of battles for their survival. In the final major confrontation, The Battle of the Trench and Siege of Medina, Muhammad and his followers prevailed and a treaty was signed. The treaty was broken by the Meccan allies a year later. By now, Muhammad had plenty of forces and the balance of power had shifted away from the Meccan leaders to him. In 630, the Muslim army marched into Mecca, taking the city with minimum casualties. Muhammad gave amnesty to many of the Meccan leaders who had opposed him and pardoned many others. Most of the Meccan population converted to Islam. Muhammad and his followers then proceeded to destroy all of the statues of pagan gods in and around the Kaaba.

After the conflict with Mecca was finally settled, Muhammad took his first true Islamic pilgrimage to that city and in March, 632, he delivered his last sermon at Mount Arafat. Upon his return to Medina to his wife’s home, he fell ill for several days. He died on June 8, 632, at the age of 62, and was buried at al-Masjid an-Nabawi (the Mosque of the Prophet) one of the first mosques built by Muhammad in Medina.

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World History Edu

• Prophet Muhammad

Life Story of Prophet Muhammad: the Last Messenger of God in Islam

by World History Edu · October 9, 2019

“There is no god except Allah and Prophet Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.” | The Muslim profession of faith, inscribed on the Topkapi Palace (Turkey).

The Prophet Muhammad is widely regarded as the bedrock of the Islamic religion. Muslims across the world hold him in high regard and view him as a righteous messenger to whom God (Allah) revealed the Quran (Koran). Growing up in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, Muhammad’s date of existence is usually quoted as roughly 570-632 CE. Below, we present the full life story of the Prophet Mohammad (Peace be on to Him):

The Prophet Muhammad’s Birth

The Islamic founder’s birth occurred in the year  570 CE, Mecca. He was born to Abdallah ibn Abd al-Muttalib and Aminah bint Wahb. Unfortunately, Muhammad never saw his father with his own eyes – his father died before he came into the world. His family background and tree can be traced to the Quraysh tribe.

After the Prophet’s birth, his mother immediately knew that she had given birth to a great son. Aminah shared memories of the day she put the baby Muhammad down on the floor. According to her, the child directed his head towards the sky and gazed at the horizons, prophesizing one God (Allah). A voice then spoke out to her – ” you have given birth to a great one, he shall be called Muhammad”.

Muhammad’s paternal grandfather was called to pay a visit to the newborn. When he arrived, Abdul-Mutalib took the baby to the Kaaba and said some prayers to Allah. The Kaaba is a cube-shaped stone building in Mecca. Upon Muttalib’s return from the Kaaba,  the great baby boy was named Muhammad.

Less than 7 years after his birth, Muhammad was fully orphaned when Aminah passed away. His grandfather Muttalib took care of him as a guardian. Fully aware of the child’s great religious future, Muttalib specially treated Muhammad with all the goodness he could afford. It has been said that Muttalib even cared for Muhammad better than his own wards. This was because he had high faith in him.

At about age 8, another disaster struck little Muhammad. His grandfather Muttalib was called to eternal rest. For the rest of his upbringing, Muhammad was then cared for by Abu Talib, Muhammad’s uncle. His uncle was very protective of Allah’s messenger – he stood by him during his trying times until death separated them.

Early Life in Mecca

Muhammad’s family lines had strong trade ties and political influence in Mecca. During Muhammad’s birth era, most of the Arabians were nomadic people who traded goods across the desert. Their religious beliefs were largely that of polytheism. They believed and worshiped all sorts of gods (idols).

Deep within the city of Mecca, idol worshiping was no exception. Dozens of temples and shrines served as worshiping grounds for devout worshipers who either had no idea or didn’t believe in one God.

Of all the worshiping sites, the Kaaba was the most famous ground.  Islam followers believe that the Prophet Abraham (Ibrahim) was the one who built the Kaaba. In Arabic, Kaaba means “a cube”. Though numerous gods were worshiped in Mecca, Allah stood tall among the rest. He was the only true God that was not affiliated with idols.

During his teenage days, Muhammad partook in the nomadic lifestyle of his people. They used camels and crisscrossed deserts to trade for their livelihood. To some extent, Muhammad came from a less privileged family background. He joined his uncle on commercial voyages to Syria, and across the Mediterranean and then the Indian Ocean. Muhammad’s trustworthiness earned him the name “al-Amin”.

Prophet Muhammad Marries Khadijah

When he reached his twenties, Muhammad worked with a rich businesses woman by name Khadijah. Muhammad was 15 years younger than her. Their merchant dealings soon progressed into a strong bond of affection.

Khadijah, a wealthy widow, was all in to having Muhammad as a spouse, so she proposed marriage to him. Muhammad welcomed the idea and their union was blessed with plenty of fruits. However, not all their children made it into adulthood. Some died prematurely.

Controversially, in his energetic youthful days, Khadija was Muhammad’s only wife. His monogamous marriage was very unusual at that time, given the widespread polygamy that characterized his immediate environment. However, he later remarried other women when his first wife Khadijah died.

One daughter of his (Fatima) lived on and married Ali ibn Talib, a cousin to Muhammad. An Islamic branch called the Shi’ite Muslims have long maintained that Ali was the true successor of Prophet Muhammad.

Life and Meditation in the Cave

Muhammad grew up and loved to explore religious realms. He was far advanced in seeking to know Allah and truly understanding Allah’s mercies. In one such journeys, Muhammad discovered a cave called Hira in the mountain Jabal al-Nour. He found the cave convenient for religious meditations. He frequently visited the isolated hideout and got himself lost in contemplation of the Almighty and Magnificent Allah.

It has been alleged that Angel Gabriel visited Muhammad at the cage. The cave in someway manifested Muhammad’s level of spiritual commitment. Seated at the north of the mountain’s top, the question of how Muhammad discovered that isolated world is one that can’t be answered by an ordinary mind. To discover such a wonderful cave, many Islamic scholars and religious authors believe that it definitely took divine guidance and mercy.

Prophet Muhammad’s Spiritual Encounter with the Divine

Once he entered the cave, Muhammad lived in a separate world of his own. Apart from the sky view and the mountain surroundings, nothing else was visible to the naked eye. Shielded from external acoustic interference, everything was between Muhammad and the Merciful Allah. This gave the Prophet Muhammad’s mind the right atmosphere to think about things beyond the materialistic world.

At 40 years old, Muhammad was still in the mysterious cage when he had a spiritual encounter with Allah. It was here that he was presented with verse 1 of the Qur’an. After this revelation, Muhammad didn’t remain the same. It was a turning point in Islamic history.

In the space of 2-3 years after the Quranic revelation, Muhammad preached monotheism to his people. At first, he preached privately to people he trusted.  He later mustered courage and took Allah’s messages to the streets. And bingo, the Islamic religion was birthed. More and more people slowly joined Muhammad in praising Allah. They embraced Allah as the ever Merciful and the ever Gracious.

Sanctions and Persecutions

Since his new religion was founded in the hearts of an idol-worshiping society, it didn’t exist without some sort of hindrance or persecutions. The expansion of Islam brought forth life-threatening hostilities towards the Prophet and his followers. Not everyone saw him as a God-sent messenger.

From the onset, Muhammad was an enemy to many sections of idol worshipers in Mecca. They abused him verbally, physically and in many other ways. But his uncle Abu Talib had his back and defended Muhammad. So he carried on with his evangelism ( Jihad ).

By choosing Allah against the will and traditions of the inhabitants of Mecca, things took a dangerous turn in the form of sanctions, persecutions, and wars, after the revelation. Some of the Islamic converts who were held as slaves were tortured or murdered.

The Prophet Muhammad flees to Abyssinia

The idol-worshipers rose up against the Prophet Muhammad’s followers. By 614 CE, the severity of the persecution forced Muhammad to direct his fellow Muslims to flee to Abyssinia for protection. Abyssinia was a Christian Kingdom in Ethiopia. They had a just king who was hospitable to the Muslims. The Quraysh people reportedly tried to bribe the Abyssinian king to sacking the Muslims, but their wicked efforts failed.

A year after the successful migration of some Muslims to Abyssinia, the Quraysh people put up sanctions and targeted Prophet Mohammed’s family, his activities, and his followers. As a result of the sanctions, Muslims moved and settled at the site of a Meccan mountain. The sanctions flopped in 618-619 CE, after 3 years.

More Troubles, plus the Loss of His Wife and Uncle

Soon afterward, Muhammad lost his dear wife Khadijah. More troubles set in when his uncle also passed away. The Prophet suffered more persecutions from the enemies who were hell-bent on eroding Islam. The intensified persecutions necessitated a pilgrimage in 622 CE. The Prophet met with elderly leaders from Yathrib City and they pledged their protective support to Muhammad.

When the plan leaked out to the Quraysh people, the Yathribs had to quickly move back to their home. Sensing the impending threat, the Prophet instructed his people to secretly emigrate to Yathrib. In response, the Qurayshites plotted to have him killed as soon as possible. The Quraysh tribes collectively planned to carry out the murder in the night time when the Prophet would be asleep.

The Prophet Muhammad’s Pilgrimage from Mecca to Medina

Fortunately, Allah saved Muhammad from death at the last minute.  On the night of the planned murder, Allah instructed him to leave Mecca immediately and make his way to Yathrib. The Prophet did as Allah had instructed. When he safely departed from Mecca to Yathrib, Yathrib was renamed as “al-Madina” or Medina.  This famous emigration of the Prophet is called the Hijra .

The date of this important event is given as 622 CE. It happened about 12 years after the revelation of the first Quranic verses. The Prophet’s escape to Medina has significant implications in the Islamic world. It helped the Islamic religion to establish a strong foundation. The prophet lived in Medina for up to 10 years, before he left the world.

Significant Battles and Treaties

In the following years (624-628 CE), many battles were fought by the Muslims for their lives. The most significant battles were the Battle of Badr and the Battle of the Trench. These were followed by the Siege of Medina, which resulted in a peace treaty between the Meccans and Muhammad’s followers.

When the Meccans broke the treaty, another war broke out.  In 630 CE, Muhammad’s Muslim army was able to counter and defeat the Meccans pagans without fighting to the extreme.

By this time,  Muslim numbers had grown significantly. Prophet Muhammad pardoned his oppressors. As a sign of good fate, or perhaps with Allah’s intervention, the Prophet’s former foes willingly converted to Islam. The Muslim community then collected and destroyed all pagan items (idols) close to the sacred Kaaba.

Death of Prophet Muhammad and His Burial Place

“Prophet Muhammad, the Messenger of God” inscribed at the entrance of the Prophet’s Mosque (Al-Masjid an Nawabi) in Medina, Saudi Arabia.

After resolving the conflicts with the pagans, Prophet Muhammad ( peace be unto him ) took his pilgrimage back to Mecca. In March of 632 CE, on Mount Arafat, the Prophet gave out his last sermon. He later went back to Medina. There, a deadly illness attacked him and he sadly never recovered.

On 8th June 632, the Prophet Muhammad (in his early 60s) took his last breath. There are conspiracy theories that the Prophet was poisoned. To date, there is no evidence to support such claims. Prophet Muhammad was buried at a mosque in Medina, the al-Masjid an Nawabi (present day Medina, Saudi Arabia).

He is regarded as the “Last Prophet”. Muhammad teachings are summarized as the Hadiths. With regard to the Sunnah, they talk about the prophet’s exemplary lifestyle. Muslims believe that Muhammad was the only Prophet who saw both heaven and hell before dying.

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Biography of the Prophet Muhammad's Later Life

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The Prophet Muhammad is a central figure in the life and faith of Muslims. The story of his life is filled with inspiration, trials, triumphs, and guidance for people of all ages and times.

Early Life (Before Call to Prophethood)

Muhammad was born in Makkah (modern-day Saudi Arabia) in the year 570 C.E. At the time, Makkah was a stop-over point along the trade route from Yemen to Syria. Although the people had been exposed to monotheism and traced their roots to the Prophet Abraham , they had lapsed into polytheism. Orphaned at a young age, Muhammad was known as a calm and truthful boy.

Read more about the Prophet Muhammad's Early Life

Call to Prophethood: 610 C.E.

By the age of 40, Muhammad was in the habit of retreating to a local cave when he desired solitude. He would spend his days contemplating the state of his people and the deeper truths of life. During one of these retreats, the angel Gabriel appeared to Muhammad and told him that God had chosen him as a Messenger. The Prophet Muhammad received his first words of revelation: “Read! In the name of your Lord who created, created man from a clot. Read! And your Lord is Most Bountiful. He, Who taught by the pen, taught man what he knew not." (Qur’an 96:1-5).

Muhammad was naturally shaken by this experience and went home to be with his beloved wife, Khadija . She reassured him that God would not lead him astray, as he was a sincere and generous person. Over time, Muhammad accepted his calling and began to pray in earnest. After a three-year wait, the Prophet Muhammad began to receive further revelations through the Angel Gabriel.

Muslims in Makkah: 613-619 C.E.

The Prophet Muhammad waited patiently for three years after the first revelation. During this time, he engaged in more intense prayer and spiritual pursuits. The revelations were then resumed, and the subsequent verses reassured Muhammad that God had not forsaken him. On the contrary, the Prophet Muhammad was commanded to warn people about their evil practices, help the poor and orphans, and to worship only One God ( Allah ).

In accordance with guidance from the Quran, the Prophet Muhammad initially kept the revelations private, confiding only in a small circle of family members and close friends.

Over time, the Prophet Muhammad began to preach to his own tribe members, and then throughout the city of Makkah. His teachings were not well received by most. Many in Makkah had become rich, as the city was a central trade hub and a spiritual center for polytheism. They did not appreciate Muhammad's message of embracing social equality, rejecting idols, and sharing wealth with the poor and needy.

Thus, many of the Prophet Muhammad's early followers were among the lower classes, slaves, and women. These early Muslim followers were subject to horrible mistreatment by the Makkan upper classes. Several were tortured, others were killed, and some took temporary refuge in Abyssinia. The Makkan tribes then organized a social boycott of the Muslims, not allowing people to trade with, care for, or socialize with the Muslims. In the harsh desert climate, this was essentially a death sentence.

Year of Sadness: 619 C.E.

During these years of persecution, there was one year that was particularly difficult. It became known as "the Year of Sadness." In that year, the Prophet Muhammad’s beloved wife Khadija and his uncle/caretaker Abu Talib both died. Without Abu Talib’s protection, the Muslim community experienced increasing harassment in Makkah.

Left with few choices, the Muslims began looking for a place other than Makkah to settle. The Prophet Muhammad first visited the nearby city of Taif to preach the Oneness of God and seek asylum from the Makkan oppressors. This attempt was unsuccessful; the Prophet Muhammad was eventually mocked and run out of town.

In the midst of this adversity, the Prophet Muhammad had an experience which is now known as Isra’ and Mi’raj (the Night Visit and Ascension). During the month of Rajab, the Prophet Muhammad made a nighttime trip to the city of Jerusalem ( isra’ ), visited the Al-Aqsa Mosque, and from there was raised up into heaven ( mi’raj ). This experience gave comfort and hope to the struggling Muslim community.

Migration to Madinah: 622 C.E.

When the situation in Makkah had become unbearable for the Muslims, an offer was made by the people of Yathrib, a small city to the north of Makkah. The people of Yathrib had more interfaith experience, having lived near Christian and Jewish tribes in their area. They were open to receiving the Muslims and pledged their assistance. In small groups, under the cover of night, Muslims began to travel north to the new city. The Makkans responded by confiscating the property of those who left and devising plans to assassinate Muhammad.

The Prophet Muhammad and his friend Abu Bakr then left Makkah to join the others in Madinah. He asked his cousin and close companion, Ali, to stay behind and take care of their final business in Makkah.

When the Prophet Muhammad arrived in Yathrib, the city was renamed Madinah An-Nabi (the City of the Prophet). It is now also known as Madinah Al-Munawarrah (the Enlightened City). This migration from Makkah to Madinah was complete in 622 C.E., which marks "year zero" (the beginning) of the Islamic calendar .

The significance of the migration in the history of Islam should not be underestimated. For the first time, Muslims could live without persecution. They could organize society and live according to the teachings of Islam. They could pray and practice their faith in full freedom and comfort. The Muslims began to set up a society based on justice, equality, and faith. The Prophet Muhammad expanded his role as Prophet to also include political and social leadership.

Battles and Treaties: 624-627 C.E.

The Makkan tribes were not content to let the Muslims settle in Madinah and be done with it. They sought to destroy the Muslims once and for all, which led to a series of military battles.

• Battle of Badr: Two years after the migration, the Makkan armies gathered outside of Madinah. The Muslims were outnumbered 3:1 but were successful in defending against the invading army. This boosted their morale; they felt that Allah had ensured their success despite the odds.
• Battle of Uhud: A year after their defeat at Badr, the Makkans came back even stronger. The Battle of Uhud was less decisive and taught the Muslims an important lesson about overconfidence and greed.
• Battle of the Trench: The Makkans then tried a new tactic, forging alliances with area tribes to join in and attack Madinah from many directions. Again, facing tremendous odds, the Muslims successfully defended against this attack by digging a large ditch to ward off the approaching cavalry.

Through these battles, the Makkans began to see that the Muslims were a powerful force that would not easily be destroyed. Their efforts turned to diplomacy. Many among the Muslims tried to dissuade the Prophet Muhammad from engaging in talks with the Makkans; they felt that the Makkans had proven themselves untrustworthy. Nevertheless, the Prophet Muhammad attempted to reconcile.

Conquest of Makkah: 628 C.E.

In the sixth year after the migration to Madinah, the Muslims had proven that military force would not be enough to destroy them. The Prophet Muhammad and the tribes of Makkah began a period of diplomacy in order to normalize their relations.

After being away from their home city for six years, the Prophet Muhammad and a party of Muslims made an attempt to visit Makkah. They were stopped outside the city in an area known as the Plain of Hudaibiya. After a series of meetings, the two sides negotiated the Treaty of Hudaibiyah. On the surface, the agreement seemed to favor the Makkans, and many Muslims did not understand the Prophet's willingness to compromise. Under the terms of the treaty:

• There would be a 10-year peace during which Muslims could travel to Makkah, and Makkans could travel on the caravan route to Syria, through Muslim lands.
• The Muslims would wait another year before returning to Makkah.
• Any other tribe would be free to align themselves with either side of the agreement.
• Any deserter or refugee from Makkah to Madinah would be returned to Makkah. (However, the reverse would not be true.)

The Muslims reluctantly followed the Prophet Muhammad's lead and agreed to the terms. With peace assured, relations normalized for a while. The Muslims were able to turn their attentions from defense to sharing the message of Islam in other lands.

However, it did not take long for the Makkans to violate the terms of the agreement, by attacking allies of the Muslims. The Muslim army then marched upon Makkah, surprising them and entering the city without bloodshed. The Prophet Muhammad gathered the people of the city together, declaring a general amnesty and universal pardon. Many of the people of Makkah were moved by this open-heartedness and embraced Islam. The Prophet Muhammad then returned to Madinah.

Death of the Prophet: 632 C.E.

A decade after the migration to Madinah, the Prophet Muhammad performed a pilgrimage to Makkah. There he encountered hundreds of thousands of Muslims from all parts of Arabia and beyond. On the Plain of Arafat , the Prophet Muhammad delivered what is now known as his Farewell Sermon.

A few weeks later, back at home in Madinah, the Prophet Muhammad became ill and passed away. His death sparked a debate among the Muslim community about its future leadership. This was resolved with the appointment of Abu Bakr as caliph.

The Prophet Muhammad's legacy includes a religion of pure monotheism, a system of law based on fairness and justice, and a balanced way of life, based ​on social equality, generosity, and brotherhood. The Prophet Muhammad transformed a corrupt, tribal land into a well-disciplined state, and led the people by noble example.

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The Prophet Muhammad: History of The Life

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Published: Nov 19, 2018

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The Life of Prophet Muhammad (In Makkah)

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The Prophet’s Birth Muhammad, son of Abdullah, son of Abdul Muttalib, of the tribe of Quraysh, was born in Makkah fifty-three years before the Hijrah. His father died before he was born, and he was protected first by his grandfather, Abdul Mutta lib, and after his grandfather’s death, by his uncle Abu Talib.

As a young boy he traveled with his uncle in the merchants’ caravan to Syria, an d some years afterwards made the same journey in the service of a wealthy widow named Khadijah. So faithfully did he transact the widow’s business, and so excellent was the report of his behavior, which she received from her old servant who had accompanied him, that she soon afterwards married her young agent; and the marriage proved a very happy one, though she was fifteen years older than he was. Throughout the twenty-six years of their life together he remained devoted to her; and after her death, when he took other wives he always mentioned her with the greatest love and reverence. This marriage gave him rank among the notables of Makkah, while his conduct earned for him the surname Al-Amin, the “trustworthy.”

The Makkans claimed descent from Abraham through Isma`il and tradition stated that their temple, the Ka`bah, had been built by Abraham for the worship of the One God. It was still called the House of Allah, but the chief objects of worship here were a number of idols, which were called “daughters” of Allah and intercessors. The few who felt disgust at this idolatry, which had prevailed for centuries, longed for the religion of Abraham and tried to find out what had been its teaching. Such seekers of the truth were known as Hunafa (sing. Hanif), a word originally meaning “those who turn away” (from the existing idol-worship), but coming in the end to have the sense of “upright” or “by nature upright,” because such persons held the way of truth to be right conduct. These Hunafa did not form a community. They were the non-conformists of their day, each seeking truth by the light of his inner consciousness. Muhammad son of Abdullah became one of these.

The First Revelation

It was his practice to retire often to a cave in the desert for meditation. His place of retreat was Hira’, a cave in a mountain called the Mountain of Light not far from Makkah, and his chosen month was Ramadan, the month of heat. It was there one night toward the end of his quiet month that the first revelation came to him when he was forty years old.

He heard a voice say: “Read!” He said: “I cannot read.” The voice again said: “Read!” He said: “I cannot read.” A third time the voice, more terrible, commanded: “Read!” He said: “What can I read?” The voice said:

      “Read: In the name of thy Lord Who createth.       “Createth man from a clot.       “Read: And it is thy Lord the Most Bountiful       “Who teacheth by the pen,       “Teacheth man that which he knew not.”

The Vision of Cave Hira’

He went out of the cave on to the hillside and heard the same awe-inspiring voice say: “O Muhammad! Thou art Allah’s messenger, and I am Jibril (Gabriel).” Then he raised his eyes and saw the angel, in the likeness of a man, standing in the sky above the horizon. And again the dreadful voice said: “O Muhammad! Thou art Allah’s messenger, and I am Jibril (Gabriel).” Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) stood quite still, turning away his face from the brightness of the vision, but wherever he turned his face, there stood the angel confronting him. He remained thus a long while till at length the angel vanished, when he returned in great distress of mind to his wife Khadijah. She did her best to reassure him, saying that his conduct had been such that Allah would not let a harmful spirit come to him and that it was her hope that he was to become the Prophet of his people. On their return to Makkah she took him to her cousin Waraqa ibn Nawfal, a very old man, “who knew the Scriptures of the Jews and Christians,” who declared his belief that the heavenly messenger who came to Moses of old had come to Muhammad, and that he was chosen as the Prophet of his people.

His Distress To understand the reason of the Prophet’s diffidence and his extreme distress of mind after the vision of Hira’, it must be remembered that the Hunafa, of whom he had been one, sought true religion in the natural world and regarded with distrust the intercourse with spirits of which men “avid of the Unseen” sorcerers and soothsayers and even poets, boasted in those days. Moreover, he was a man of humble and devout intelligence, a lover of quiet and solitude and the very thought of being chosen out of all mankind to face mankind, alone, with such a message, appalled him at the first.

Recognition of the Divine nature of the call he had received involved a change in his whole mental outlook sufficiently disturbing to a sensitive and honest mind, and also the forsaking of his quiet, honored way of life. The early biographers tell how his wife Khadijah “tested the spirit” which came to him and proved it to be good, and how, with the continuance of the revelations and the conviction that they brought, he at length accepted the tremendous task imposed on him, becoming filled with enthusiasm of obedience which justifies his proudest title of “the Slave of Allah.”

First Converts

For the first three years, or rather less, of his mission, the Prophet preached to his family and his intimate friends, while the people of Makkah as a whole regarded him as one who had become a little mad. The first of all his converts was his wife Khadijah, the second his first cousin Ali, whom he had adopted, the third his servant Zayd, a former slave. His old friend Abu Bakr also was among those early converts.

Beginning of Persecution

At the end of the third year the Prophet received the command to “arise and warn,” whereupon he began to preach in public, pointing out the wretched folly of idolatry in face of the tremendous laws of day and night, of life and death, of growth and decay, which manifest the power of Allah and attest His sovereignty. It was then, when he began to speak against their gods, that Quraysh became actively hostile, persecuting his poorer disciples, mocking and insulting him. The one consideration which prevented them from killing him was fear of the blood-vengeance of the clan to which his family belonged. Strong in his inspiration, the Prophet went on warning, pleading, threatening, while Quraysh did all they could to ridicule his teaching, and deject his followers.

The Flight to Abyssinia

The converts of the first four years were mostly humble folk unable to defend themselves against oppression. So cruel was the persecution they endured that the Prophet advised all who could possibly contrive to do so to immigrate to a Christian country, Abyssinia . And still in spite of persecution and emigration the little company of Muslims grew in number. Quraysh were seriously alarmed. The idol worship at the Ka`bah, the holy place to which all Arabia made pilgrimage, ranked for them, as guardians of the Ka`bah, as first among their vested interests. At the season of the pilgrimage they posted men on all the roads to warn the tribes against the “madman” who was preaching in their midst. They tried to bring the Prophet to a compromise offering to accept his religion if he would so modify it as to make room for their gods as intercessors with Allah, offering to make him their king if he would give up attacking idolatry; and, when their efforts at negotiation failed, they went to his uncle Abu Talib offering to give him the best of their young men in place of Muhammad, to give him all that he desired, if only he would let them kill Muhammad and have done with him. Abu Talib refused.

Conversion of Omar

The exasperation of the idolaters was increased by the conversion of Omar, one of their stalwarts. They grew more and more embittered, till things came to such a pass that they decided to ostracize the Prophet’s whole clan, idolaters who protected him as well as Muslims who believed in him. Their chief men caused a document to be drawn up to the effect that none of them or those belonging to them would hold any intercourse with that clan or sell to them or buy from them. This they all signed, and it was deposited in the Ka`bah. Then for three years, the Prophet was shut up with all his kinsfolk in their stronghold which was situated in one of the gorges which run down to Makkah. Only at the time of pilgrimage could he go out and preach, or did any of his kinsfolk dare to go into the city.

Destruction of the Document

At length some kinder hearts among Quraysh grew weary of the boycott of old friends and neighbors. They managed to have the document which had been placed in the Ka`bah brought out for reconsideration; when it was found that all the writing had been destroyed by white ants, except the words Bismik Allahumma (“In thy name, O Allah”). When the elders saw that marvel the ban was removed, and the Prophet was again free to go about the city. But meanwhile the opposition to his preaching had grown rigid. He had little success among the Makkans, and an attempt which he made to preach in the city of Ta’if was a failure. His mission was a failure, judged by worldly standards, when, at the season of the yearly pilgrimage he came upon a little group of men who heard him gladly.

The Men from Yathrib

They came from Yathrib, a city more than two hundred miles away, which has since become world-famous as al-Madinah, “the City” par excellence. At Yathrib there were Jewish tribes with learned rabbis, who had often spoken to the pagans of a Prophet soon to come among the Arabs, with whom, when he came, the Jews would destroy the pagans as the tribes of ‘Aad and Thamud had been destroyed of old for their idolatry. When the men from Yathrib saw Muhammad they recognized him as the Prophet whom the Jewish rabbis had described to them. On their return to Yathrib they told what they had seen and heard, with the result that the next season of pilgrimage a deputation came from Yathrib purposely to meet the Prophet.

First Pact of al-‘Aqabah

These swore allegiance to him in the first pact of al-‘Aqabah. They then returned to Yathrib with a Muslim teacher in their, company and soon “there was not a house in Yathrib wherein there was not mention of the messenger of Allah.”

Second pact of al-‘Aqabah

In the following year, at the time of pilgrimage, seventy-three Muslims from Yathrib came to Makkah to vow allegiance to the Prophet and invite him to their city. At al-‘Aqabah, by night, they swore to defend him as they would defend their own wives and children. It was then that the Hijrah, the flight to Yathrib, was decided.

Plot to Murder the Prophet

Soon the Muslims who were in a position to do so, began to sell their property and to leave Makkah unobtrusively. Quraysh had wind of what was going on. They hated Muhammad in their midst, but dreaded what he might become if he escaped from them. It would be better, they considered, to destroy him now. The death of Abu Talib had removed his chief protector; but still they had to reckon with the vengeance of his clan upon the clan of the murderer. They cast lot and chose a slayer out of every clan. All these were to attack the Prophet simultaneously and strike together, as one man. Thus his murder would be blamed on all Quraysh. It was at this time (Ibn Khaldun asserts, and it is the only satisfactory explanation of what happened afterwards) that the Prophet received the first revelation ordering him to make war upon his persecutors “until persecution is no more and religion is for Allah only.”

The Hijrah ( June 20th, 622 C.E.)

The last of the able Muslims to remain in Makkah were Abu Bakr, Ali and the Prophet himself. Abu Bakr, a man of wealth, had bought two riding camels and retained a guide in readiness for the flight. The Prophet only waited for God’s command. It came at last. It was the night appointed for his murder. The slayers were before his house. He gave his cloak to Ali, bidding him lie down on the bed so that anyone looking in might think Muhammad lay there. The slayers were to strike him as he came out of the house, whether in the night or early morning. He knew they would not injure Ali. Then he left the house and, it is said, blindness fell upon the would-be murderers so that he put dust on their heads as he passed by-without their knowing it.

He went to Abu Bakr’s house and called to him, and they two went together to a cavern in the desert hill and hid there till the hue and cry was past, Abu Bakr’s son and daughter and his herdsman bringing them food and tidings after nightfall. Once a search party came quite near them in their hiding-place, and Abu Bakr was afraid; but the Prophet said: “Fear not! Allah is with us.” Then, when the coast was clear, Abu Bakr had the riding-camels and the guide brought to the cave one night, and they set out on the long ride to Yathrib.

After traveling for many days of unfrequented paths, the fugitives reached a suburb of Yathrib, whither, for weeks past, the people of the city had been going every morning, watching for the Prophet till the heat drove them to shelter. The travelers arrived in the heat of the day, after the watchers had retired. It was a Jew who called out to the Muslims in derisive tones that he whom they expected had at last arrived.

Such was the Hijrah, the Flight from Makkah to Yathrib, which counts as the beginning of the Muslim era. The thirteen years of humiliation, of persecution, of seeming failure, of prophecy still unfulfilled, were over.

By : Mohammed Marmaduke Pickthall

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The Character of Prophet Muhammad (Complete Guide)

Wa `alaykum As-Salamu wa Rahmatullahi wa Barakatuh.

In the Name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful.

All praise and thanks are due to Allah, and peace and blessings be upon His Messenger.

In this fatwa:

Prophet Muhammad was kind, compassionate, caring, generous and humble, but he was also strong, brave, eloquent, wise and insightful. Also, he was a great planner, organizer and thinker, yet he was also a man of faith, trust and devotion to Allah.

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As regards your question, we’d cite the following Fatwa issued by  Dr. Muzammil H. Siddiqi , president of the Fiqh Council of North America:

Referring to Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) Allah, Most High, says, “ And you (stand) on an exalted standard of character. ) (Al-Qalam 68: 4) ( Ye have indeed in the Messenger of Allah a beautiful pattern (of conduct) for any one whose hope is in Allah and the Final Day, and who engages much in the praise of Allah. ” (Al-Ahzab 33:21)

Prophet Muhammad: A Unique Character

The uniqueness of the Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) is that he was not only a great person in his own time, but he is great for all times, for all people of any race, color, nationality or geographical location. His example was good for the 7th century Arabs and it is good also for the humanity living now at the beginning of this 21st century.

He is an excellent example for the rich and poor, for young and old, for rulers and ruled, for the most intelligent as well as the most common people. Allah sent him as His Prophet for all humanity.

Allah says in the Qur’an, “ Say: ‘O people! I am sent unto you all, as the Messenger of Allah, to Whom belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth: there is no god but He: it is He that gives both life and death. So believe in Allah and His Messenger, the unlettered Prophet, who believed in Allah and His Words: follow him that (so) you may be guided. ” (Al-A`raf 7:158)

Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) practiced what he preached. He very carefully and meticulously followed the Qur’an, Allah’s Word that was revealed to him. He followed and lived the Qur’an at every moment in every detail of his life. His life was the reflection of Allah’s Words. He became the Qur’an in person, the embodiment of the Qur’an, or one may even say in a metaphorical sense “the Word in flesh”. It is reported in a Hadith: Sa`d ibn Hisham said that he asked `A`ishah, Prophet’s wife (may Allah be pleased with her) “Tell me about the character of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him).” She said,  “His character was the Qur’an.”  (Ahmad)

Some of Prophet Muhammad’s Attributes

The morality of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) was not restricted to just a few moral attributes, but included diverse traits and aspects of life. He was kind, compassionate, caring, generous and humble, but he was also strong, brave, eloquent, wise and insightful. Also, he was a great planner, organizer and thinker, yet he was also a man of faith, trust and devotion to Allah.

Prophet Muhammad was involved and active with his family and community but he did not neglect his prayers, fasting and devotion to Allah. Actually, he prayed so much that no one prayed like him. He was exemplary as a teacher, preacher, Imam, leader, statesman, judge, commander of the armies as well as a husband, a father, a grandfather, a businessman, a neighbor and a friend.

Before he received the honor of  nubuwwah  (Prophethood), he was known among the people of Makkah as  As-Sadiq Al-Amin , the most honest and trustworthy person. He kept this character throughout his life. He never broke a pledge or promise. Even his enemies could not accuse him of being dishonest.

Likewise, he was a most humble person. He used to mingle with the poor and sit with them. The Prophet stopped people standing up for him. He used to sit wherever there was a place available in an assembly and never sought a prominent or elevated place. The newcomers sometimes would not know who was the Prophet among the people. When he entered the city of Makkah as a conqueror leading a big army, he entered in a most humble manner. In a unique demonstration of humility his forehead was touching the saddle of his camel!

Prophet Muhammad: A Mercy to Mankind

He was the most merciful person. Allah called him as “ a mercy to the worlds ” (Al-Anbiya’ 21:107) He was merciful to his family, followers, friends, even enemies. He was merciful to young and old, to humans and to animals. Those who persecuted him in Makkah and killed his relatives and his followers, when they were defeated in the battles and brought as captives, were forgiven by him. He did not ever take revenge or retaliated. He was the most forgiving person.

Constancy was a very important aspect of his moral behavior. Once he established some good way or practice he used to follow it and adhere to it always. He used to say,  “The dearest deed to Allah is the one that is performed regularly, even if it was a little.”  (Al-Bukhari)

Prophet Muhammad’s Names

The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) has many names reflecting his attributes and qualities. Some of the most beautiful names of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) mentioned in both the Qur’an and Hadith are the following:

Muhammad (the praised one), Ahmad (most praiseworthy), Hamid (the giver of praise and thanks),  Ar-Rasul  (the Messenger),  An-Nabi  (the Prophet),  Shahid (the witness),  Rashid  (the righteous),  Bashir  (the giver of good news),  Nadhir (the warner),  Da`i  (the caller to Allah),  Hadi  (the guide),  Mahi  (the remover of evil),  Fatih  (the conqueror),  Ra’uf  (the compassionate),  Rahim  (the merciful), Mujtaba  (the chosen one),  Mustafa  (the selected one),  Murtada  (the well-pleasing in the sight of Allah),  As-Sadiq  (the truthful),  Al-Amin  (the trustworthy),  Musaddiq  (the confirmer of truth),  Habibullah  (Allah’s beloved one),  Safiullah  (the one selected by Allah),  Najiullah  (the one protected by Allah),  Shakur  (the most grateful one),  Karim  (the noble one),  Hakim  (the wise one),  Sayyid  (the leader),  Siraj Munir  (the shining lamp),  Jawwad  (the generous one),  `Adil  (the Just), and  Khatam Ar-Rusul  (the final Messenger). May peace and blessings of Allah be upon him!

Allah Almighty knows best.

Excerpted , with slight modifications from,  pakistanlink.com/religion

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Short Essay on the Life of Prophet Muhammad

Mohammad Prophet was born on 29 August 570 A.D. at Mecca, the place which marks the rise of Islam religion. Prophet is the founder of Islam. Prophet became orphan at a very early age.

At his time there was no law and order in Arab. In respect of religion the people here followed the ancient Arab religion. The Saudi society was infused with ill customs and traditions and was extremely backward.

It was divided into tribes and its people mostly led the life of shepherds. Exclusive tribal codes, animistic practices, female infanticide, worship of some 360 competing idols were the characteristics of society.

This Prophet set out to change. At the age of 25 Mohammad Prophet was married to a widow named Khadija. He tried to unite the different tribes and class and establish an independent nation.

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He spent several years in solitude on the peak of Mount Hira, a few miles from Mecca. Here the Prophet suffered the agony of rejecting an old religion, and experienced the ecstasy of discovering a new one Islam.

When he was 40, on a retreat on Mount Hira he visioned the first call that came in the form of an angel Jabriel ordering him to read-iqra and spread worldwide the message of Allah.

Thereafter, Mohammad Prophet defined himself the messenger of Allah and kept his message before the people in order to develop consciousness and awareness in them. Prophet was the last, the seal of the Prophets, the final messenger of God.

However, he did not claim divinity. Thus, with the revelation of the Quran, Islam came to the world and Mohammad became the Prophet. Among the first to accept Islam was his wife Khadijah.

In the beginning years, Islam religion was opposed resolutely and the Quarysh rulers were understandably outraged by the preachings of the Prophet.

As a result he left Mecca and came to Medina in 622 A.D. where he laid the foundations of a nascent state and religion. Later, Mecca failed to resist the tidal wave of Islam and capitulated.

The Prophet finally returned to Mecca in 632 A.D. Apart from Khadijah, the Prophet had eleven more wives. He died on 8th June 632 A.D. In a short span he had played the role of father, husband, chief, warrior, friend and Prophet.

His respect for learning, tolerance of others, and generosity of spirit, concern for the weak, gentle piety and desire for a better, cleaner world constitute the main elements of the Muslim ideal.

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Life of the Prophet Muhammad - Essay Example

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“The Life of Muhammad” by Ibn Ishaq Literature Analysis Essay

Ibn Ishaq wrote a book that elucidated the life of Muhammad. The work can be counted as a hagiography, as it is a biography of the saint. The saint, in this situation, is Prophet Muhammad, the founder of Islam. The work encompasses large numbers of episodes related to the life of Muhammad. The work validates the status of Muhammad as the spiritual leader of Muslims.

They look upon Muhammad as their master. The devotees derive lessons from the life of the prophet. The work commends the spiritual power of the prophet. At the same time, there are episodes that can be deemed as worldly. Despite this, it is not possible to take the work as a historical text.

The work refers to the account of the birth of Muhammad. His foster mother recounts the story of her experience with the Prophet. His foster mother aspired to offer milk to Muhammad, but she did not have milk in her breast. In the meantime, there was a miracle. Muhammad’s foster mother could give milk to the baby.

Camels of the family of Muhammad also produced large quantities of milk. This episode reveals the exceptional powers of the Prophet. Interestingly, camels of other tribes could not produce milk. Milk was adequate to not only the Prophet, but also other members of the family. The foster parents of Muhammad comprehended the godly qualities of the child (Gentleman and Stuart 71).

The book avers that Muhammad obtained the divine message, and he preached the same to his disciples. He also endeavors to educate various Arab tribes concerning the need to pursue his path. The Prophet encountered resistance from polytheists who did not believe in monotheism preached by the Prophet. The outcome was the clash between Muhammad and the antagonistic group that challenged his religious beliefs.

Muhammad had complete faith in God, and he motivated his followers to fight for the righteous cause. In the end, Muhammad achieved his mission. Muhammad heeded the hostility from a few relatives. For example, his uncle did not accept his religious views. Muhammad interacted with his uncle, and convinced him to follow his path (Gentleman and Stuart 119).

Mohammad is called the “apostle”. He is the disciple of the God, and he obtains the message from the God (Gentleman and Stuart 650). The inference is that disciples of Muhammad need to obtain guidance from him while taking vital decisions. They can learn lessons from the life of Muhammad.

A disciple named Abdullah recounts an occurrence related to the life of Muhammad. Abdullah is invited to Mecca by the apostle. He is asked to execute a victim in the temple at Mecca (Gentleman and Stuart 650). This episode reveals that Abdullah admired the Prophet, and he would not disregard the orders of the master.

Prophet Muhammad demonstrates the importance of pilgrimage, hajj, to his disciples. Devotees are persuaded to pay attention to the voice of God. He offers pragmatic advice to his disciples. They are encouraged to abstain from usury, even though they are permitted to retain their capital. The Prophet also counsels men concerning their rights over property and family members (Gentleman and Stuart 650). This discourse is noteworthy, as it intends to improve the condition of Muslims in the sacred and secular spheres. Disciples are expected to study the advice given to them by their spiritual master.

The Prophet has educated his disciples relating to their rights and obligations. For example, believers should discern the significance of issues such as pilgrimage, throwing stones at the offender, organization of ceremonies at the temple, and the need to fight for the holy land. The religious leader has located the place, which is termed as the slaughterhouse. The Prophet has completed the pilgrimage. Devotees need to follow the model of the spiritual master. In this way, they can accomplish their spiritual goal (Gentleman and Stuart 652).

The work refers to Jesus, the son of Mary. Jesus is also termed as a Prophet. Muhammad avers that God has sent him to liberate people from the material world. He counsels them not to repeat the blunders that they committed earlier. For example, Jesus had asked them to follow his path. His disciples failed to follow Jesus, and this led to his death. Muhammad demonstrates that he has a direct connection with God.

Jesus had sent his disciples to different parts of the world. Similarly, Muhammad decides to send his disciples to Palestine. The Prophet directed his disciple Usman to rule Syria. His disciples have followed his counsel (Gentleman and Stuart 653). The work, in this way, demonstrates the perception regarding not only Muslim Prophet, but also the Christian religious leaders.

The work also refers to ill health and demise of the Prophet. He has declined to take medicine. He chastises his family members when they coerce him to take medicine. The Prophet, even during his infirmity, offers a prayer to the God along with his disciples. He has sanctified his disciples (Gentleman and Stuart 683).

The work can be deemed as a hagiography. It has recounted the life story of Prophet Muhammad. His spiritual powers have been explicated. Muhammad is the central character of the work. His disciples have appreciated his guidance.

Works Cited

Gentleman, Marvin, and Stuart, Schaar. The Middle East and Islamic World Reader. New York: Grove Press, 2012. Print.

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IvyPanda . 2020. ""The Life of Muhammad" by Ibn Ishaq Literature Analysis." March 29, 2020. https://ivypanda.com/essays/the-life-of-muhammad-by-ibn-ishaq-literature-analysis/.

1. IvyPanda . ""The Life of Muhammad" by Ibn Ishaq Literature Analysis." March 29, 2020. https://ivypanda.com/essays/the-life-of-muhammad-by-ibn-ishaq-literature-analysis/.

Bibliography

IvyPanda . ""The Life of Muhammad" by Ibn Ishaq Literature Analysis." March 29, 2020. https://ivypanda.com/essays/the-life-of-muhammad-by-ibn-ishaq-literature-analysis/.

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Salman Rushdie Is Again the Toast of Literary Manhattan

Nearly two years after he was stabbed, he was in fine form as he greeted his fellow writers at a party celebrating his candid memoir, “Knife.”

By Alex Vadukul

Three security guards stood along a leafy street in the West Village of Manhattan on Thursday evening, watching as a procession of writers, editors and publishing industry veterans entered the Waverly Inn restaurant for a book party.

The security team was present because this wasn’t just any book party.

It was a gathering for the release of “Knife: Meditations After an Attempted Murder,” a new memoir by Salman Rushdie, in which he examines how his life was altered by a violent stabbing nearly two years ago, when he was attacked onstage at the Chautauqua Institution in western New York.

The episode temporarily placed Mr. Rushdie on a ventilator and left him blind in his right eye. (The suspect, Hadi Matar , has pleaded not guilty to charges of attempted murder and assault.)

When Mr. Rushdie, 76, arrived in the Waverly Inn’s garden, friends and fellow writers hugged him. He wore a pink shirt, a blazer and a pair of eyeglasses with a black-tinted right lens. His wife, the poet Rachel Eliza Griffiths , stood at his side.

The room filled with literary power players, including the agent Andrew Wylie , the writer Marlon James and the editor Graydon Carter, whose digital publication, Air Mail , hosted the event.

The actor and singer Tony Danza was also there for Mr. Rushdie.

“The writing process is catharsis,” Mr. Danza said. “If Salman is using this book to process the horrible thing that happened to him, that takes guts.”

The memoir is under a strict embargo, so there were no copies of the book at the party. And because Anderson Cooper has conducted an interview with Mr. Rushdie set to air on “60 Minutes” on Sunday, he wasn’t fielding many questions from journalists. But he did take a moment to describe why he had decided to write a memoir in the wake of the attack, rather than another novel.

“Well, I tried to write other things afterward, but they were all nonsense,” Mr. Rushdie said. “So I decided that I finally had to pay attention to the elephant in the room.”

The attempt on his life came more than three decades after the leader of Iran, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini , issued a fatwa calling for Mr. Rushdie’s death after the publication of his novel “The Satanic Verses,” which fictionalized parts of the life of the Prophet Muhammad and included depictions that many Muslims considered blasphemous. Major book chains refused to stock the book for a time, and Mr. Rushdie lived in hiding for nearly a decade .

At the party, Gay Talese recalled how, after the fatwa was issued in 1989, writers including himself, Norman Mailer and Susan Sontag participated in a PEN America public reading of selections from “The Satanic Verses” to support him.

“Me and Mailer and Sontag, we wondered if we were going to be shot,” Mr. Talese said. “The question was whether there would be someone in the audience who would avenge further for the Ayatollah.”

“Thirty years of being a marked man of letters, can you imagine living like that?” Mr. Talese added. “I’d only hope to have the same kind of grace that Salman has living with such a circumstance. For a man afflicted with such tragedy and disturbance in his life, he’s still such a cheerful guy.”

Indeed, as the book party got going, Mr. Rushdie seemed in touch with his inner social butterfly. While he made the rounds, guests commented on how his recent trauma hadn’t diminished his reputation as a social literary lion.

Nursing a margarita with a salted rim, the author Gary Shteyngart said that Mr. Rushdie looked undaunted. “Anytime you go to a good party now, there he is, still out there, and God bless him for that,” he said. “It’s a big screw you to anyone out there who would imagine doing something to him.”

Molly Jong-Fast , the writer and political commentator, reminisced about encountering Mr. Rushdie while out and about in London years ago.

“I remember being at parties as a teen in London in the 1990s, and I’d always see him, and I’d think, ‘Wait, doesn’t half the world want to kill this guy right now?’” Ms. Jong-Fast said. “I always thought he was a badass.”

The room grew rowdier as the evening progressed, resembling the gin-soaked Manhattan book parties of old, minus the cigarette smoke. Amid the crowd were also young stars of the city’s literary scene, like Kiara Barrow, a cofounding editor of The Drift , and Karah Preiss , who started the Instagram book club Belletrist with Emma Roberts.

When the party finally died down, guests headed out into a nighttime drizzle. Mr. Rushdie stayed behind to have dinner with friends. His security team kept watch while they ate in an adjacent red leather booth.

The writer Sloane Crosley , a longtime friend of Mr. Rushdie, said that she was glad to see him in such good form. But she remembered when his health seemed more precarious months after the attack, during an intimate gathering celebrating the release of his novel “Victory City.”

“I saw him when he made this appearance not that long after it all happened, but even then he still had his wit and grace,” Ms. Crosley said. “I went up to hug him, but I was nervous, and I didn’t want to squeeze him too hard. I remember he told me, ‘What’s the point of it all if you can’t squeeze too hard?’”

Alex Vadukul is a features writer for the Styles section of The Times, specializing in stories about New York City. More about Alex Vadukul

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