Corruption In Pakistan Essay

Corruption In Pakistan Essay | 500 Words & 800 Words

by Pakiology | Aug 19, 2024 | Essay , English | 2 comments

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1) 500 Words Essay On Corruption In Pakistan

2) 800 words essay on corruption in pakistan, understanding corruption in pakistan, the causes of corruption in pakistan, the consequences of corruption in pakistan, the way forward: tackling corruption in pakistan.

Corruption is a pervasive problem in Pakistan that has negatively impacted the country’s economy and political stability. It is the abuse of public office for private gain, and it is a major obstacle to Pakistan’s development.

There are many causes of corruption in Pakistan, including a lack of transparency in government institutions, weak law enforcement, and a lack of accountability. In addition, corruption is often seen as a way for people to get ahead in a society that is plagued by inequality and a lack of opportunities.

One of the most prominent forms of corruption in Pakistan is corruption in the public sector. Government officials often demand bribes from citizens in order to provide them with services that they are entitled to, such as issuing licenses or permits. This not only undermines the rule of law but also discourages investment and stifles economic growth.

Another major problem in Pakistan is corruption in the private sector. Companies often bribe government officials in order to secure contracts or other favors, which can lead to inefficient and wasteful use of public resources. This not only harms the economy but also undermines public trust in the government and private institutions.

There are several factors that contribute to the high levels of corruption in Pakistan. One of the main reasons is the lack of accountability and transparency in the country’s political and economic systems. This allows corrupt individuals to operate with impunity, as they are able to conceal their activities and avoid being held accountable for their actions.

Another contributing factor is the widespread poverty in Pakistan. Many people are willing to engage in corrupt activities in order to make ends meet, as they see it as a means of surviving in a difficult economic environment.

Furthermore, corruption is often perpetuated by a lack of strong institutions and effective laws to prevent and punish it. In many cases, the government and law enforcement agencies are themselves involved in corrupt activities, which makes it difficult to address the problem.

The consequences of corruption in Pakistan are severe. It undermines the rule of law and weakens public trust in the government, leading to social and political instability. It also hinders economic development and stifles entrepreneurship, as it creates an uneven playing field for businesses and discourages investment.

In order to combat corruption in Pakistan, it is essential for the government to implement strong legal frameworks and institutional mechanisms to promote accountability and transparency. This could include measures such as stricter laws against corruption, better oversight of public officials and institutions, and improved access to information for the general public.

Additionally, there needs to be a cultural shift in the country towards greater integrity and honesty. This can be achieved through education and awareness-raising campaigns, as well as by encouraging a sense of social responsibility among the people of Pakistan.

In conclusion, corruption is a major challenge in Pakistan that needs to be addressed in order to promote economic development and political stability. By implementing effective legal frameworks and promoting a culture of integrity, it is possible to combat corruption and build a more just and prosperous society.

Pakistan, a country known for its rich cultural heritage, is facing numerous challenges in its journey toward becoming a developed nation. One of the most persistent and widespread issues that the country has been grappling with is corruption. Corruption in Pakistan has reached a level where it is not only hampering the economic growth of the country but also undermining the social and political fabric.

Corruption can be defined as the abuse of power or position for personal gain. It takes many forms, from bribery and embezzlement to nepotism and fraud. In Pakistan, corruption has permeated all levels of society, from the lowest echelons to the highest. It has become so widespread that it is now considered a norm in the country.

There are several factors that have contributed to the high levels of corruption in Pakistan. Some of the major causes include:

Lack of effective government institutions:

The government institutions in Pakistan are not strong enough to prevent corruption. There is a lack of accountability and transparency in the workings of these institutions, making it easier for corrupt officials to carry out their activities without fear of consequences.

Political instability:

Political instability has been a constant in Pakistan’s history, which has contributed to widespread corruption in the country. When political leaders are more focused on retaining power and advancing their own interests, they are less likely to prioritize the fight against corruption.

Poverty and income inequality:

Poverty and income inequality are also contributing factors to corruption in Pakistan. When people are struggling to make ends meet, they may be more likely to engage in corrupt activities to earn extra income.

Weak rule of law:

The weak rule of law in Pakistan has also contributed to the high levels of corruption in the country. When laws are not enforced and the justice system is unable to hold corrupt officials accountable, it is easier for corruption to thrive.

The consequences of corruption in Pakistan are far-reaching and damaging. Some of the major consequences include:

Hampering economic growth:

Corruption has a significant impact on the economy of the country. It undermines investment and creates an environment that is hostile to business. This leads to lower economic growth, less job creation, and decreased prosperity for the people of Pakistan.

Undermining social and political fabric:

Corruption not only undermines the economy but also the social and political fabric of the country. When people lose faith in the government and its institutions, it creates a void that can be filled by extremist and extremist ideologies.

Impeding development:

Corruption also impedes development by diverting resources away from areas that need them most. When public funds are misused or stolen, it means that schools, hospitals, and other public services are not receiving the support they need to provide quality services to the people.

Discouraging foreign investment:

Corruption can also discourage foreign investment, as investors are less likely to invest in a country where they perceive a high risk of corruption. This means that the country misses out on the benefits of foreign investment, such as job creation and economic growth.

Tackling corruption in Pakistan will require a multi-faceted approach that involves the government, civil society, and the private sector. Some of the measures that could be taken include:

Strengthening government institutions:

The government must take steps to strengthen its institutions and make them more accountable and transparent. This can be done by implementing effective anti-corruption measures, such as setting up independent watchdog agencies and increasing transparency in the workings of government institutions.

Improving the rule of law:

The government must also work to improve the rule of law in the country, by enforcing laws and regulations that prevent corruption, and by ensuring that corrupt officials are held accountable.

Encouraging civil society engagement:

Civil society can play an important role in tackling corruption in Pakistan, by raising awareness about the issue, advocating for reforms, and monitoring government activities.

Promoting ethics and integrity:

The private sector can also play a role by promoting ethics and integrity in their own operations, and by supporting anti-corruption initiatives.

Increasing transparency and accountability:

The government must also take steps to increase transparency and accountability in its operations, by making its activities more open and accessible to the public.

Providing education and training:

The government can provide education and training to its citizens, particularly the youth, on the dangers and consequences of corruption, and on the importance of integrity and ethical behavior.

In conclusion, corruption in Pakistan is a major barrier to development, and it is essential that the government, civil society, and private sector work together to tackle this issue. While there is no easy solution to corruption, the steps outlined above, if implemented effectively, can help to reduce corruption and create a more prosperous and just society in Pakistan.

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Corruption in Pakistan Essay in English With Outline

Corruption in Pakistan plays a role in termites in the country. It slowly and gradually consumes all the strengths and power of the country, leaving it with hollowness. In Pakistan corruption is more like a national game. It is present at every level of profession, whether it’s the noblest profession i.e. teaching and Medical any other profession in the world. In the government education sector, teachers are corrupt. They get a salary for teaching in schools or colleges but they do not play their role as a good teacher in college which enforces students to get tuition from the same teachers privately.

Essay Outline On Corruption In Pakistan

  • Corruption Definition
  • Different Elements of Corruption
  • Causes of Corruption
  • Accountability in our Country
  • No Rules and Laws
  • Salaries are Low
  • Our Judiciary System
  • Basic Facility of Life in Pakistan
  • Need to Find Some New Anti-Corruption Strategy
  • Effects of Corruption on Country
  • Role of NAB
  • Steps to Take for Corruption

If we talk about the medical profession, corruption is there. A survey was conducted which reported that 42% of individuals responded that gaining access to hospital services was by a method other than the standard procedure of admission.  Country Politics is becoming the domestic game for the people. They are playing politics and corrupting every field of life.

Let’s put light on the other sector of government.  According to research, corruption is very much evident in the lower levels of the police in Pakistan. We can imagine if our protection provider people are corrupt this country can be safe. In fact, many citizens consider the police to be the most corrupt sector of the Pakistani government.

Corruption in Pakistan Essay in English With Outline

The threat of corruption in Pakistan is neither the government nor party-centric but it is the system and framework driven. As per figures performed by Transparency International, Pakistan has lost an unbelievably heightened amount just because of corruption, bad government, and tax evasion which was more than Rs. 8.5 trillion (US $94 billion), because of corruption, bad government, and tax dodging. According to an advisory of Transparency International, Pakistan does not require a single rupee as foreign aid if it starts correcting its internet governance and systems. This proves that Pakistan is a pretty rich country but only because of corruption and dishonesty does it lack in development and growth.

We as citizens, if united, can get rid of all the corruption in our country and can contribute to making this country beautiful and worth living.

Corruption Free Pakistan Dream Or Reality

As we all know the fight on top of corruption has been taking the shape of global dimensions. It is all stepping across in order to realize the grave socio-economic threats being posed by the side of corruption.  In all the spheres of the human regions, Pakistan has been much affected by Corruption.  It has been on the whole coming out to be known as one of the Pakistan nation’s most formidable challenges and threats for the future generation too.

If we talk about the recent case of corruption. So the opposition leader was arrested by the hand of NAB and millions of rupees were recovered from them. So NAB is the only department who trying to control corruption and recover money from corrupt people. According to a recent report of Transparency, our country has almost control over corruption but in some departments, many people are still doing the corruption. We can say our country is going out from corruption and as soon we will enroll in those countries that are corruption-free.

The campaign in opposition to corruption is one such kind of criterion that we have been witnessing with the direct and important staking. Corruption has been on the whole retard with the pace of development and hence impedes development-based activities.

The government of Pakistan is not paying much attention on top of the removal of corruption and hence no brighter future is being figured out.  It is leading to the way of a serious reduction in the timeline of the development programs and hence resulting in the increase in the maintenance of public assets.  Over the aspect of the stability of societies, corruption has come about to emerge as one of the major potential threats. This has definitely caused breaches in the social order of the world. It is simply damaging and appears to be the biggest threat to the long-established values which has evolved over the long centuries of the civilized struggle. Now here we end today’s topic which is “Essay on Corruption Free Pakistan Dream Or Reality “.

Say No To Corruption

Corruption is one such word that you might have to listen to every single day from the world of politics. Not just the politics but sometimes this action does take place in our surroundings as well. But still, we would never get to learn the idea of why we stay silent on it, and finally, we do end up facing its repercussions. We would be aware or might not be aware of the fact that this is damaging the roots of our society slowly but on the hardest scale. Old generations do the corruption but the coming generations have to suffer from its destruction. Now the main question that does hit so many minds is where the corruption starts! It does take place from the upper level and then slowly and silently it does hit lower-level people as well.

How Corruption Takes Place in Pakistan?

Pakistan is no doubt in the stage of its development and the maximum percentage of the population in Pakistan is on the line of poverty. People want equal rights but none of us bother to listen to their problems and finally, they took hold of the wrong path of corruption. They do put them in the actions or activities of bribery as they do get any chance. A maximum percentage of the Pakistan population is involved in most of the wrongdoings. The largest sum of corruption takes place in Government sectors in the middle of the high officers and clerks.

Raising Slogan of “Say No To Corruption” in Pakistan:

In the past few months, the raising slogan “Say No To Corruption” has started off which is somehow raising a little sum awareness among the new generation. But on the same side, some people are making fun of it which is a quite thought-provoking moment. Corruption will never end up with its roots in raising slogans or sending messages on mobile phones. It is one such root that should be cut down through mutual discussion and plans.

How To Reduce Corruption Level in Pakistan?

In terms of reducing the level of corruption in Pakistan, it is important that the people of Pakistan should collectively think about resolving the issues so that both poor strikes and rich people would get equal rights in their custody. If you do watch any person involved in corruption then you should stand up and reveal their basic needs. Manpower is one of the basic factors that can slow down the level of corruption to much extent. It would stop the chances of ruining the coming generations.

Effects of Corruption in Pakistan

Definitely when people doing corruption then your economy is badly affected. Right now in Pakistan, corruption exists in every government department as well as all departments are affected badly even if they cannot fulfill their expenditure. They burden the provincial and federal government and then the government increases the tax ratio on the public. Then inflation will increase.

Types of Corruption in Pakistan

  • Supply Versus Demand Corruption
  • Grand Versus Petty Corruption
  • Conventional Versus Unconventional Corruption
  • Public Versus Private Corruption

LET’S UNITE AGAINST ANTI-CORRUPTION

This is all about the Corruption in Pakistan Essay in English With an Outline from our side thanks for reading.

Moin akhtar

I am committed to helping Pakistani students craft successful career paths by merging their individual passions with market trends. As a career counselor, we'll explore both well-established fields and modern industries to find the best fit for you. With personalized counseling and strategic planning, we aim to transform your educational journey into a thriving professional future.

Its really outstanding article in simple wording but brilliant if we save pakistan it is our brilliant effort and we must have to fight against……..

i was suffering from very crusial circumastances for the knowledge of this topic that from where i collect information about corruption but i saw this essay it is very beneficial for me. Thanku for uploading this.

true lines of a muslims heart.nice sir thanks…..,

no bad ;satisfactory

Its realy outstanding essay… 🙂

its realy outstanding essay….

thanks for this good effort for student it is for pakistan not anyone

there has been given excelent efforts to unveil the facts…

its realy outstanding article..brilliant effort every thing has been explained in simple wording….if we want to save Pakistan we must have to fight against curruption…

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Essay On Corruption In Pakistan (200, 500 Words)

Essay on corruption in pakistan (200 words).

Corruption is a severe issue in Pakistan and has become deeply entrenched in its social, economic, and political systems. It is one of the primary reasons for the slow progress and development of the country. Corruption in Pakistan is a multifaceted problem affecting every level of society, from government officials to ordinary citizens.

Corruption in Pakistan takes many forms, such as bribery, nepotism , embezzlement, misuse of public funds, and influence peddling. It is rampant in all spheres of life, including politics, judiciary, law enforcement agencies, and business. It is a major obstacle to foreign investment and economic growth, leading to poverty, unemployment, and underdevelopment.

The root cause of corruption in Pakistan is the absence of a strong and effective system of governance, weak law enforcement, and the lack of accountability of the ruling elite. The political culture in Pakistan is highly corrupt, with politicians using their power and influence to benefit themselves and their families at the expense of the public.

To combat corruption, Pakistan needs to adopt a comprehensive strategy that addresses the root causes of the problem. This includes strengthening the legal and institutional framework for fighting corruption, improving transparency and accountability, and promoting a culture of integrity and ethics in public life. Additionally, it is essential to raise public awareness about the harmful effects of corruption and the need for collective action to combat it.

In conclusion, corruption in Pakistan is a complex problem that requires sustained effort and commitment to address. Creating a corruption-free society that can pave the way for sustainable development, prosperity, and progress is essential.

Essay On Corruption In Pakistan (500 words)

Corruption has been a longstanding problem in Pakistan, and it remains one of the country’s most pressing issues. The country’s political, economic, and social systems are all affected by corruption, which has significant negative consequences for citizens and their ability to lead fulfilling lives. Despite the government’s efforts to address this issue, corruption continues to be a significant challenge that Pakistan must overcome.

Corruption in Pakistan is deeply ingrained in the country’s political system. Many politicians, government officials, and public servants are involved in corrupt activities. They use their power and influence to enrich themselves and their families at the expense of the public. The most common forms of corruption in Pakistan include bribery, nepotism, embezzlement, and fraud. These activities are prevalent in almost every sector of the economy, from education and healthcare to construction and infrastructure.

One of the most significant consequences of corruption in Pakistan is its impact on the country’s economy. Corruption leads to inefficiencies in the allocation of resources, which hinders economic growth and development. It discourages foreign investment, as investors are hesitant to invest in a country where corruption is widespread. Moreover, corruption also results in diverting public funds, which should be used for development projects, to the pockets of corrupt officials.

Corruption also has a significant impact on Pakistan’s social fabric. It undermines the rule of law and erodes public trust in government institutions. Citizens become disillusioned with the political process and lose faith in their leaders. Corruption also creates a sense of injustice, as the wealthy and powerful use their influence to escape accountability while the poor and vulnerable suffer the consequences.

Moreover, corruption also affects the provision of public services. It leads to the misallocation of resources and the provision of substandard services to the public. For example, corrupt officials may divert funds meant for healthcare or education to their accounts, leaving hospitals and schools underfunded and understaffed. This, in turn, negatively impacts the health and education of Pakistan’s citizens, particularly the poor.

In recent years, Pakistan’s government has taken steps to address corruption. For example, it has established anti-corruption agencies and passed laws to punish corrupt officials. However, these efforts have not eradicated corruption in Pakistani society. More must be done to address the root causes of corruption and create a culture of accountability and transparency.

One way to address corruption in Pakistan is to strengthen the country’s institutions. This involves improving the capacity of anti-corruption agencies, strengthening the rule of law, and increasing the transparency of government processes. Additionally, there needs to be greater political will to address corruption. The government must commit to tackling corruption at all levels of society, including within its ranks.

Another way to address corruption is to promote a culture of ethics and integrity. This involves educating citizens on the harms of corruption and promoting ethical behavior in all aspects of life. It also creates an environment where citizens feel empowered to report corruption and hold their leaders accountable.

In conclusion, corruption remains a significant challenge for Pakistan. It undermines economic growth, erodes public trust in government institutions, and negatively impacts the provision of public services. While the government has taken steps to address this issue, more must be done to eradicate corruption in Pakistani society. This requires a sustained effort to strengthen institutions, promote a culture of ethics and integrity, and demonstrate a commitment to tackle corruption at all levels of society. Only then can Pakistan hope to overcome this longstanding problem and build a more just and prosperous society for all its citizens.

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corruption free pakistan essay

Sana Mursleen is a student studying English Literature at Lahore Garrison University (LGU). With her love for writing and humor, she writes essays for Top Study World. Sana is an avid reader and has a passion for history, politics, and social issues.

Next Pakistan

Corruption in Pakistan Essay with Quotes

corruption free pakistan essay

  • January 17, 2024

Kainat Shakeel

Corruption is a term that echoes in the halls of power and resonates through the diurnal lives of citizens. In the environment of Pakistan, the issue of corruption has deep historical roots, impacting the nation’s progress and societal fabric. This essay delves into the intricate web of corruption in Pakistan, exploring its historical environment, root causes, societal goods, and the ongoing battle against it. 

Corruption, a cancer that eats down at the foundations of any society, is a pressing concern in Pakistan. As we navigate through the complex geography of corruption in this South Asian nation, it becomes imperative to understand its historical environment and the factors contributing to its continuity. 

The historical environment of Corruption in Pakistan

To comprehend the current state of corruption, one must trace its origins. Pakistan’s history is marked by cases of corruption that have hindered socio-profitable development. From political dishonors to regulatory irregularities, each chapter in the nation’s history contributes to the perplexing issue of corruption. 

Root Causes of Corruption

Delving deeper, the root causes of corruption in Pakistan are multifaceted. Political insecurity, regulatory inefficiencies, and a lack of responsibility mechanisms produce a conducive environment for corruption to thrive. 

” Corruption in Pakistan is not just a legal problem; it’s a moral extremity that demands the collaborative heart of the nation to rise against it.”

Effects of corruption on society.

The ramifications of corruption extend far beyond the corridors of power. Economically, the nation suffers, and the corrosion of public trust in institutions becomes a grueling chain to overcome. 

” Corruption is the adversary of development and good governance. It must be relieved of. Both the government and the people at large must come together to achieve this public ideal.”- Pratibha Patil

Anti-corruption efforts in pakistan.

In response to the pervasive issue of corruption, Pakistan has established legal fabrics and institutions. still, the road to combating corruption is fraught with challenges, and successes are frequently accompanied by lapses. 

  ” Corruption is a cancer that eats down at a citizen’s faith in the republic, diminishes the instinct for invention and creativity, formerly-tight public budgets, and weakens the institutions of governance.”- Joe Biden

Public perception of corruption.

Public opinion plays a pivotal part in shaping the narrative around corruption. checks and statistics reflect the sentiments of the people and influence governance. 

” Corruption is a serious crime that can undermine social and profitable development in all societies. No country, region, or community is vulnerable.”- Ban Ki-moon

Role of media in combating corruption.

Media, as a watchdog, plays a vital part in uncovering loose practices. Investigative journalism and public mindfulness are essential tools in the fight against corruption. 

” Corruption in Pakistan is a shadow that looms over the nation’s progress; only by disbanding this darkness can the true eventuality of the country be realized.”

International perspectives on corruption in pakistan.

Encyclopedically, Pakistan’s struggle with corruption is scanned. cooperative efforts and international support are explored as implicit catalysts for change. 

” In the struggle against corruption in Pakistan, the armament of choice isn’t just legislation but a philanthropy will to uphold honesty and integrity.”

Reforms and recommendations.

In addressing corruption, proposed reforms and recommendations are vital. Policy changes, structural adaptations, and increased public participation are integral to the process. 

  ” The fight against corruption is in no way – ending. It’s a struggle we must each commit to, not just for ourselves but for unborn generations.”- Malala Yousafzai 

Public engagement in anti-corruption enterprise.

Grassroots movements and civil society’s active engagement contribute significantly to anti-corruption enterprise. 

” The fight against corruption in Pakistan requires not just legal reforms but an artistic shift that values translucency, responsibility, and ethical governance.”

Government responsiveness and responsibility.

The government’s commitment to combating corruption and meeting public prospects is a critical aspect of the ongoing battle. 

” The fight against corruption in Pakistan is a battle for the soul of the nation, where the people’s commitment to honesty can triumph over the sharp influence of deceitfulness.”

In conclusion, the issue of corruption in Pakistan is a multifaceted challenge that requires comprehensive and sustained sweat. As the nation grapples with its complications, a united front comprising government, civil society, and transnational support is essential for a corruption-free future.

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Kainat Shakeel is a versatile SEO-Content Writer and Digital Marketer with a keen understanding of tech news, digital market trends, fashion, technology, laws, and regulations. As a storyteller in the digital realm, she weaves narratives that bridge the gap between technology and human experiences. With a passion for staying at the forefront of industry trends, her blog is a curated space where the worlds of fashion, tech, and legal landscapes converge.

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Publications - Study Papers

Corruption - an inherent element of democracy in pakistan.

corruption free pakistan essay

The 2016 Panama Papers that were leaked, brought to light the corrupt activities of the then Pakistani Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif. Allegations related to his family's ownership of properties in Central London, which all had an unclear money trail background, were bought into question. The Supreme Court voted unanimously for his disqualification from serving as the Prime Minister on the 28 th of July 2017, and despite initially denying any wrongdoing, shortly after the verdict, Mr. Sharif formally resigned from office anyhow.

No Pakistani Prime Minister has ever completed the five-year long Government term, essentially this comes down to the fact that all Heads of Government have been dismissed due to charges of corruption. This paper aims to demonstrate how corruption has proved to be an irreplaceable ingredient in the history of Pakistani democratic rule of law. Corruption in general has plagued the country and has infiltrated the socio-economic and political landscape. From Heads of State, to judiciary and to local police officers, corruption has found to be present in many areas of Pakistan’s society. However, the paradox pertains that none of the Military Generals have ever faced a verdict for corrupt practices. This enforces the question of whether Army governance is the answer to terminating corruption in Pakistan, or whether it is fundamentally down to the fragile criminal justice institutions who do not have the courage to pursue responsibility from the Military, but do so only for the civil Administration. For the purposes of this paper, first the theoretical foundation of the corruption phenomenon will be discussed, followed by an analysis and a historical overview of the cases of Pakistani officials, allegedly involved in such conduct.

Introduction

The orthodox definition of corruption is the abuse of entrusted power by an individual in position of authority who has responsibilities to the public. Such fraudulent behaviour often implies pursuit of personal gains. Corruption has a very broad spectrum and encapsulates, for instance, misuse of State assets by Governmental bodies, payment of kickbacks in illicit transactions, bribes, embezzlements, misappropriation of funds and public resources, extortion and nepotism. Yet, it could manifest itself through less obvious activities that are deemed legal or borderline legitimate, such as lobbying or State capture, where a party’s political self-interest controls the country’s decision-making course of action in order to achieve its own goals through concealed means. The various meanings of corruption indicate that it is a fluid and volatile concept. Corruption is perceived through numerous conflicting and overlapping terms, yet the prevailing ones are of illegality and breach of duty. Corruption is a reflection of the cultural, political and economic framework of a given State and as such, corruption could be an answer to inadequate or disadvantageous regulations generated by officials. When institutions responsible for oversight of rules are acting inefficiently, or incompetent individuals are placed in a position of power, people could take advantage of these asymmetries of monitoring and get around the enacted law.

Corruption could arise at different levels. Petty corruption is found at the execution end of public services, where the citizens encounter State representatives, whereas grand scale corruption, comprises the highest strata of governance and requires deeper infiltration into the political, judicial and economical establishments. If a State fails in curbing its malfeasance due to organizational shortcomings, political, economic or social instability, corruption might become endemic, pervade the system and lead to a sustainable corrupt hierarchy. Indicators of systematic corruption are conflicting interests, discretionary policies, low degree of transparency, monopolization of power, scarce wages and freedom from liability. Nevertheless, these indexes are not enough to detect corruption, since it is a clandestine affair difficult to observe and estimate.

Corruption in Pakistan

Pakistan has struggled with the problem of corruption since it came into being in 1947, directly after the partition of British India. As a result, Pakistan inherited not only the British legal framework, but also the institutions prominent with their powerful bureaucratic elite trained to serve British rule. In addition, the anti-corruption laws of Pakistan were set up to protect the political entity rather than the society at large. Considering this, it does not come as a surprise that the anti-corruption laws were virtually separated from the public’s interests. The subsequent changes in regimes between Military and civilian institutions due to multiple successful coups d’états further impaired and diminished the efficacy of the anti-corruption bodies. Such statement could be validated by observing the lack of any major improvements concerning tackling corruption in any civilian government. This article aims to highlight that the same applies for the military, even though it has opportunely remained absent from the public domain. Quintessentially, Pakistan has always been governed by a permanent bureaucracy.

Under Pakistani laws, corruption is designated as a crime and corrupt officials are held accountable and are subject to severe punishment, yet this takes place chiefly on paper since often society tends to normalise and excuse certain fraudulent activities. The National Accountability Bureau (NAB), established by the Military government in 1999, is the main anti-corruption agency, which tackles cases of corruption, yet it is highly constrained by scarce funding and shortages of personnel. The anti-corruption laws consider any abuse of public power as a crime deserving of up to 14 years of imprisonment, however, no one has ever been subject to this verdict. In societies with high degrees of social polarisation, such as Pakistan, social conditions tend to induce an environment where the use of public power for personal gains is likely to obtain social recognition and appreciation. This could be perceived as the ‘moral view of corruption’ , where an act of corruption derives its legitimacy from a context in which a holder of public office receives and returns favour to his kinship, associates and followers.

Case Studies incriminating Democratic Prime Ministers

Nawaz sharif.

Nawaz Sharif’s history of fraudulent conduct dates back long before the Panama-Gate scandal. As President of the Pakistan Muslim League-N (PML-N) and owner of Ittefaq Group, a major steel mill conglomerate, he has been one of the wealthiest Pakistani business magnates and industrialists, and also one of the most prominent Pakistani political figures for the last three decades. As a protégé of the longest serving Head of State, the Military leader General Zia ul-Haq, who was in power from 1977 to 1988, Sharif was first appointed as the Minister of Finance for the province of Punjab. Patronaged by an unstable coalition of conservatives, he was elected as the Chief Minister of Punjab in 1985, re-elected in 1988 and eventually succeeded in becoming the Nation's Prime Minister in 1990. Nevertheless, later on it was alleged that the election was manipulated by the powerful Pakistani intelligence agency, Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI), channelling millions of Rupees into his election campaign. 

Sharif's first Administration was terminated when the then President, Ghulam Ishaq Khan dismissed him on corruption charges. Although the Supreme Court overturned the dismissal, both men were ultimately pressured to resign in 1993 by the then Army Chief Abdul Waheed Kakar, which eventually precipitated the 1993 General Elections, when Benazir Bhutto came into power. After becoming Prime Minister again, in 1997, Nawaz Sharif appeared to exercise control over the political landscape and the country's major institutions, yet his second term also suffered discords with the Judiciary and the Military. Sharif was forced to relieve General Jehangir Karamat from command, despite the latter’s support in the authorisation of Pakistan’s nuclear tests programme in 1998. Many senior State officials fiercely expressed their criticism and showed opposition to the Prime Minister for acting in such manner. The former Treasury Minister Sartaj Aziz’s in a retrospect claimed that:

“It came to the conclusion that in relieving General Jehangir Karamat, Prime Minister Sharif had committed a "blunder". He also failed to recognize that despite his heavy mandate, it was not advisable for him to dismiss two army chiefs in less than a year. In doing so he had overplayed his hands and effectively derailed the democratic process for nine long years...”

The question remains, what sort of democratic process was present in Pakistan if the Army, indeed, was pulling the strings. General Karamat was replaced with General Pervez Musharraf in 1998, whose initiation of the Kargil War against India led to a deterioration of his relation with Sharif. When Nawaz Sharif attempted to relieve Musharraf from his command on 12 th  of October 1999, the Military staged a successful coup d'état and overthrew the Prime Minister and his Government. Mr. Sharif was sentenced to life imprisonment on charges of corruption, kidnapping, attempted murder, and hijacking and terrorism over the diversion of Musharraf's plane when it was low on fuel, alongside with prohibition for life for any involvement in political activities. Mr. Sharif's overthrow by Musharraf illustrated the perilous reality for any Pakistani politician who has tried to limit the Army’s influence in Pakistan with its history of coups.

Fortunately for him, a deal arranged by the late Lebanese Prime Minister Rafiq Hariri, rescued him from being put behind bars and instead he was exiled to Saudi Arabia.  At that time many Pakistanis felt relief, portraying him as corrupt, inexperienced and driven by thirst for power and dominance. His return at the political stage in 2007, following negotiations with the Army, was met by surprise and his victory in 2013 was even a greater shock. However, one of the reasons behind his return, was Benazir Bhutto’s homecoming after a self-imposed exile in London and Dubai. Saudi Arabia argued that if Pakistan could accept a democratic-socialist female leader, alleged to be involved in large scale corruption, to return to the country, then the conservative Sharif who was also under verdict should be allowed to come back as well.

The Panama Papers trial has banned Nawaz Sharif once again from public office, yet it still remains to be seen whether the ‘three strikes and out’ doctrine exists on Pakistani soil.

Benazir Bhutto & Asif Ali Zardari

Benazir Bhutto, daughter of the Former Pakistani Prime Minister and President Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, and also an Oxford and Harvard graduate, has always presented herself as the guardian of the deprived and underprivileged and a promoter of freedom of democracy. In a Harvard commencement speech in 1989, she argued how the greedy politicians have pillaged the resources of developing countries, used and betrayed their common people and stripped them off from the means necessary to address their socio-economic problems.

During her two terms in office as Prime Minister, the first ever woman who became a Head of a Muslim State, she acquired wealth, assets and property worth hundreds of millions of dollars. Her first Government was dismissed on the 6 th of August 1990 by President Ghulam Ishaq Khan after she was accused of corruption. After the dismissal, the Pakistani Government released orders to the Inter-Services Intelligence to investigate the accusations and when Nawaz Sharif became the new Prime Minister the prosecution proceedings against Benazir Bhutto were additionally reinforced. Pakistani Embassies through Western Europe, such as in France, Switzerland, Poland, Spain and Britain were directed to investigate the matter further.

The corruption past of Benazir Bhutto became apparent during the ruling of the Pakistani Army Chief, General Pervez Musharraf, when an informant leaked documents which were obtained from Jens Schlegelmich, her Swiss lawyer and a close family friend. The original price the seller stated was $ 10 million, yet eventually the deal was concluded at $1 million in cash. The leaked papers comprised of bank statements from various accounts in Dubai and Geneva; letters from senior officials promising payoffs, with details of the made payments; memorandums detailing meetings at which these “commissions” and “remunerations” were agreed on, and certificates incorporating the offshore companies used as fronts in the deals, many registered in the British Virgin Islands. The documents also uncovered the essential role played by Western institutions in sealing the deals. Apart from the companies that made payoffs, and the network of banks that handled the money - which included Barclay’s Bank and Union Bank of Switzerland as well as Citibank - the arrangements made by the Bhutto family for their wealth relied on Western property companies, Western lawyers and a network of Western friends.

Benazir Bhutto hails from a family of large landowners, who have dominated the political landscape and business scene in Pakistan since its creation in 1947. Benazir’s father, Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto was also an Oxford graduate who became Pakistan’s Prime Minister in the 1970s, but was dislodged and imprisoned in 1977 when the then Army Chief, General Mohammed Zia ul-Haq, staged a coup d’etat. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto was hanged two years later, after he refused Zia’s offer of clemency for a murder conviction that many Pakistanis viewed as politically stained. Benazir Bhutto spent the next 10 years under house arrest, in prison and in self-imposed exile, campaigning against Zia’s military regime.

In 1987, Benazir married Asif Ali Zardari. The marriage was arranged and many among the public were shocked by the differences in socio-economic status between the husband and the wife. To a certain degree, the marriage aimed to protect Benazir’s political career by countering conservative Muslims’ comments on her unmarried status.

In 1988, Benazir became Pakistan’s first female Prime Minister, after General Zia u-Haq was killed in a plane crash. In less than 2 years, Benazir was dismissed by Pakistan’s President on grounds of corruption and misrule. The Government of Nawaz Sharif that succeeded her was unable to secure any convictions against Benazir or her husband before Nawaz Sharif himself, in turn, was ousted from office, also for corruption and misrule. When Benazir Bhutto was in power again in 1993, the twin posts, as Prime Minister and Finance Minister, gave her almost a free rein. She appointed her husband as the Investment Minister in 1996, reporting only to herself, which virtually made him Bhutto’s right hand.

Among the transactions which her husband Asif Ali Zardari exploited, according to the leaked documents, were Defence contracts; power plant projects; the privatization of State-owned industries; the awarding of broadcast licenses; the granting of an export monopoly for the country’s huge rice harvest; the purchase of planes for Pakistan International Airlines; the assignment of textile export quotas; the granting of oil and gas permits; authorizations to build sugar mills, and the sale of Government lands. The couple struggled to avoid the creation of any trail documents that would reveal their role in numerous deals and Benazir Bhutto and Zardari established a secretive method of communication by writing orders on yellow Post-It notes and attaching them to official files. After the deals were finalised, the notes were removed, destroying all trace of involvement.

In 1995, a prominent French military contractor, Dassault Aviation, determined an agreement with Asif Ali Zardari and one of his associates for $200 million for a $4 billion - 32 Mirage 2000-5 Fighter Planes, which were supposed to replace two squadrons of American made F-16's. The American purchase was terminated when the Bush Administration determined in 1990 that Pakistan was covertly developing nuclear weapons. Eventually the deal collapsed when Benazir Bhutto was ousted from office. In another large scale financial scheme, a Middle Eastern gold bullion dealer, Abdul Razzak Yaqub, was alleged in depositing at least $10 million into a Citibank account in the United Arab Emirates in Dubai operated by Mr. Zardari, after the Bhutto Government gave him a monopoly on gold imports that maintained the jewellery industry of Pakistan. Pakistan's Arabian Sea coast has long been a haven for gold smugglers. Until Bhutto's second term, the trade, worth hundreds of millions of dollars a year, was under no supervision and control, with large amounts of bullions, carried on planes and boats which travelled between the Persian Gulf and the generally unprotected Pakistani coast.

The couple also made an impressive profit from increasing Pakistan’s customs revenues. Taking into account that very few Pakistanis actually pay income tax, customs revenues generate the State’s largest profits. The system has been corrupted for many years, with businesses often paying bribes to escape obligations. In the 1980s, the International Monetary Fund pushed Islamabad to rise its Government revenues and to reduce the runaway budget deficit. During Benazir Bhutto’s first term, Pakistan commissioned pre-shipment audits for all major imports to two Swiss companies, Societe Generale de Surveillance and a subsidiary, Cotecna Inspection SA. However, the real objective behind this attempt in improving the financial stability of Pakistan was bringing about profit for Bhutto and Zardari, as both the Swiss companies were generating a handsome amount of money by issuing certificates under-invoicing as well as sharing the profit with those in control, through illegal means under the hidden support of the people in power. This is not unique solely for Pakistan as these Swiss companies have allegedly been involved in corruption in numerous countries, such as in Bangladesh. According to the conducted investigations, the two Swiss companies made more than $131 million from inspecting imports into Pakistan from January 1995 to March 1997, from which the Bhutto family’s cut was $11.8 million.

The investigators’ inquiry of Benazir’s two terms in office unravelled a chain of luxurious overseas properties under the name of her husband and other family members. Among these are various extravagant apartments in London, such as the Rockwood, a 355-acre estate, and a $2.5 million country mansion in Normandy, which is known as the House of the White Queen. Islamabad also requested the U.S. Justice Department to investigate other overseas bank accounts and properties, including a country club and a polo ranch in Palm Beach, Florida said to be worth about $4 million, which were purchased by Zardari’s affiliates in the 1990s.

After Benazir Bhutto was expelled from office under charges of corruption in 1996, she was sentenced to five years in prison alongside with her husband. Ironically, she persistently argued that they were deprived from a fair trial in Pakistan, since Pakistan’s judiciary has a history of corruption, where witnesses, judges and prosecutors are easily bought and sold. Mr Zardari’s criminal background was not limited only to the corruption charges, and he was also held for 14 months in the Karachi Central Prison, under charges of murdering Ms. Bhutto's brother.

All the aforementioned accumulation of wealth by the Bhuttos is virtually non-existent if their declared assets and income tax declarations are being reviewed. Benazir Bhutto and Zardari declared properties worth $1.2 million in 1996 and never made the authorities aware of any foreign accounts or properties, as required by Law. Mr. Zardari declared no net assets at all in 1990, the year Ms. Bhutto's first term ended, and only $402,000 in 1996. The highest income Ms. Bhutto declared was $42,200 in 1996, with $5,110 in tax. In two of her years as Prime Minister, 1993 and 1994, she paid no income tax at all. Mr. Zardari's highest declared income was $13,100, also in 1996.

Ultimately, on 6 th  of August 2003, Swiss Judges found Benazir Bhutto and Asif Ali Zardari guilty of money laundering. They were given six-month suspended jail terms, fined $50,000 each and were ordered to pay $11 million to the Pakistani government.

Yousaf Raza Gillani

Syed Yousaf Raza Gillani served as the Prime Minister of Pakistan from 25 th  of March 2008 until his retroactive disqualification and dismissal from office by the Supreme Court of Pakistan on 26 th of April 2012. He, alike his predecessors, has been accused of various corruption scandals.

He was arrested on 11 th  of February 2001 by the Military Police functioning under the umbrella of the military-controlled National Accountability Bureau (NAB), over charges that he abused his position of authority while he was the Speaker of the National Assembly from 1993 until 1997. He was particularly alleged with hiring up to 600 people from among his constituents and placing them on Government payroll. He was also alleged in misplacing millions of Rupees through the misuse of official transport, official telephones, setting up of camp offices at Lahore and Multan and purchase of luxurious vehicles at higher prices than the market prices. The NAB claimed that the Pakistani Treasury suffered a loss of more than 30 million Rupees nationally, due to Gillani’s actions. He was convicted to five years rigorous imprisonment by an accountability Court and a fine of 1 million Rupees. The court also barred Gillani from holding public office or obtaining any financial profits from any fiscal institutions for a period of 10 years.

Nevertheless, the legal proceedings against him were widely condemned by various individuals across the country and seen by many as politically motivated, since his party, the Pakistani’s People Party (PPP), was opposing General Pervez Musharraf, who had undertaken a coercion of party members to change political fronts. People with anti-Musharraf sentiments viewed this move as a tactic to intimidate PPP members to join his party. Thus, his conviction by the Courts, which were backing up General Musharraf, and subsequent imprisonment were estimated as an act of loyalty towards the PPP, and benefited him in gathering ideological adherents and sympathizers.

"Since I am unable to oblige them, they decided to convict me so that I could be disqualified and an example set for other political leaders who may learn to behave as good boys”, said Gillani at the time.

Corruption in other Governmental Bodies

Judicial system.

A well-functioning Judicial System is essential for addressing corruption effectively, but judicial institutions are themselves cancerously corruptible. Pakistan's Judiciary is characterised by insufficient resources and staff, and corruption and political interference by powerful actors further present obstacles to impartiality and fairness. Although the Supreme Court portrays itself as efficient, insufficient financial means and lack of personnel, coupled with a high-level of insecurity and high crime rates overburden local Courts and lead to negligent trials perceived as biased.

According to Transparency International Pakistan (TIP) the highest amounts of bribery in the country were spent on people affiliated with the Judiciary. The TIP Chairman, Sohail Muzaffar, along with TIP Advisory Committee Chairman, Syed Adil Gilani in a 2011 survey highlighted the delay in punitive action by State organs against corrupt elements in corruption cases like Pakistan Steel, National Insurance Company Limited (NICL), Punjab Bank, Rental Power Plants, Karachi Electric Supply Corporation (KESC), Pakistan International Airlines (PIA), Railway and Water and Power Development Authority (WAPDA).

The effectiveness of the Pakistani police varies greatly in the country, and various reports tell of corruption, arbitrary behaviour and human rights abuses from police forces. Police in the country was observed as the most corrupt sector in a 2013 survey by Transparency International. The general population often struggle to report instances of corruption which they encounter with the police because of fear for reprisals. In 2005, Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz ordered an investigation into claims by a 23 year old woman who alleged that, in retaliation for attempting to reveal police corruption, the police falsely detained her for fifteen days and raped her.

Public Utilities

Irregular payments, bribes and gifts are commonly exchanged when obtaining public services and licences. The majority of consumers admit to illegally reducing their utility bills, especially water and electricity, while others reported being harassed with inflated bills intended to solicit bribes. In addition to that, one in three companies expects to receive gifts when constructing water connections, generating permits or operating licences.

Corruption among the Pakistani Military

After this overview of the entire spectrum of corruption, which has intoxicated the public and political life in Pakistan, one would undoubtedly place under suspicion the fact that no Pakistani Army General has ever been incriminated in any such acts. If all departments of the Pakistani governmental and public life are implicated in gross corrupt activities, how is it possible that only the Army remains an exception to the rule? Does this mean that military environment is miraculously immune and sterilised from fraudulent and illegal actions, or simply that such ‘incidents’ within the most powerful institution in Pakistan have been conveniently swiped under the carpet?

Although the Pakistani Military is ostensibly responsible for the security and defence affairs of the State, it has proved its strong influence and control on large shares of the economy, despite Pakistan having an elected civilian Government. The Pakistani Army holds a lion's share of the State budget and is not accountable to the Government for its expenditure.

The Military has been widely perceived as the most qualified, efficient and a highly disciplined organization, yet some of its officers have been connected to corruption cases recently. However, scandals involving the Army are oftentimes whitewashed and retired officers are brought back into service in order to deal with their cases through closed-door court-martials. Even if, in rare cases, someone is found guilty, he has never been imprisoned but only forced to step down or stripped of some privileges.

Demands expressed towards military accountability and transparency have never been a popular election slogan because this could bear a high cost for politicians, including the possible divergence of democracy or production of false corruption cases against vocal politicians. It is claimed that in the private circle, both senior and junior Army officers silently admit or at least do not disprove the existence of corruption, yet often they assert that the military has its own internal mechanism, which deals with fraudulent conduct and breach of discipline.

On the 21 st of April, 2016 the then Army Chief, General Raheel Sharif sacked 6 Army officers, including two high-ranking Generals, over allegations of corruption, thus portraying an image of a virtuous man who is committed to eradicate corruption, even at the price of punishing his own people. This was seen by many as an unheard-of act in a country, where the Army still has the final say in Defence, Security, Foreign Affairs matters and virtually all aspects of governance. The dismissed Army officers, who were not tried for corruption, but for ‘financial irregularities’ and ‘misappropriation’ were only sent into early retirement and were deprived from certain privileges. The event came into being when politicians and public officials were also facing huge criticism over their own corruption scandals.

When applying a closer look, one could raise the adequate question of why these corrupt Army personnel were not arrested and awarded with the corresponding legal punishment designated in the Penal Code. The way in which this incident has unfolded feeds the impression that the Pakistan military personnel receives a preferential treatment to the degree of being above the law of the country. By choosing a few scapegoats from the entire herd of black corrupt sheep, General Raheel Sharif attempted to convert himself into a national icon, while undermining the power and image of the then Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, who was at that time under judicial scrutiny due to the revelations of the Panama papers.

The sacked Army personnel were serving on deputation in the Frontier Corps in Baluchistan, a subsidiary force responsible for maintaining law and order in the conflicts- and insurgency ravaged region. This incident further substantiated the general viewpoint that Baluchistan is governed by a corrupt and fraudulent administration. Apart from the annual aid accommodated by the Federal Government, billions of dollars have been invested there via the criticized and ambitious China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). Having such astronomical amounts of money deposited in a country with a problematic history of misappropriation of funds, suggest where big chunks of money might end up. The Pakistani Army is culpable of depriving the indigenous people and the region from billions, essential for their development while this form of exploitation is equally present in the North West Frontier Province (NWFP) and the disputed territory of Gilgit-Baltistan (Part of Jammu & Kashmir State).

Ironically, in 2017, Raheel Sharif, was himself at the epicentre of a controversy after documents, leaked to the media, revealed that he had been given land worth 1.35 billion Rupees ($14 million) by the Army without the authorisation of the Government.  

“The corruption in the Pakistani military is as rampant as in any other state institution. The Army is involved in the smuggling of oil and narcotics through the borders of the western Baluchistan province. The military also makes money through its checkpoints in the restive province. All drivers have to bribe the officers to pass through these posts. These are just a few examples" - Arif Jamal, a US-based Islamism- and security analyst.

What are the solutions to the clandestine corruption in the Military?

Merely the dismissal or the stripping of privileges cannot be seen as the answer, as it does not tackle the root cause of the issue. A matter of even greater concern is the fact that it seems as if only the governmental and public officials are portrayed as corrupt and ineffective, whereas Army personnel in those rare cases where it has been implicated in fraudulent behaviour, is justified as occasionally misguided but still having Pakistan’s best interests at heart. Corruption, money laundering and the illegal purchase of (overseas) assets by Governmental officials, members of the ruling elite in Pakistan and Army personnel  is not a new phenomenon. The pervasiveness of corruption, lack of institutional isomorphism and social cohesion in the country is visible throughout all echelons of public life.

A lion's working hours are only when he is hungry; once he is satisfied, the predator and prey live peacefully together. In Pakistan, however, it seems as if both politicians and Army officers are never able to satisfy their hunger for power and wealth, which leaves the country swinging for decades in a cradle of political anarchy and unlawful rule, where the common people are left vulnerable and helpless, with no prospects for peaceful development. Corruption at the highest levels remains a major challenge for the country and prevents any meaningful step towards social reforms. A change in policy, complemented with strengthening of democratic institutions including the judiciary have become prerequisites for the development of the country.

There is a pressing need of unveiling the truth, irrespective of the culprits, in order for justice to prevail or at least to increase the ‘feel’ among the general masses, that corruption cannot go unpunished.

The people deserve a corruption-free Pakistan, based on mechanisms of accountability led by honest leaders; Civilian and Military.    

corruption free pakistan essay

October 2017. © European Foundation for South Asian Studies (EFSAS), Amsterdam

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Essay on Corruption in Pakistan in English with quotations

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Unraveling Corruption in Pakistan: Challenges and Solutions

Unraveling Corruption in Pakistan: Challenges and Solutions

  • February 3, 2024

Corruption has long been a pervasive issue in Pakistan, permeating various sectors of society and hindering progress and development. From government institutions to private enterprises, its detrimental effects have undermined trust, impeded economic growth, and perpetuated inequality. Understanding the root causes, acknowledging the current state, and exploring potential solutions are crucial steps towards combatting this deep-seated problem.   Understanding the Causes: Corruption in Pakistan is fueled by a multitude of factors, including political instability, weak institutions, inadequate transparency and accountability mechanisms, and socio-economic disparities. The intertwining of power and privilege often leads to the abuse of authority for personal gain. Moreover, cultural norms and historical legacies have contributed to a tolerance for corruption, making it entrenched within the fabric of society.   The Current Landscape: Despite efforts to curb corruption, Pakistan continues to face significant challenges in this regard. Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index consistently ranks Pakistan among the most corrupt countries globally. Rampant bribery, nepotism, embezzlement, and favoritism are prevalent across various sectors, eroding public trust and confidence in governance structures.   Impact on Society: The consequences of corruption are far-reaching, exacerbating poverty, hindering investment, distorting market mechanisms, and impeding access to essential services such as healthcare and education. Corruption disproportionately affects marginalized communities, perpetuating socio-economic disparities and undermining efforts towards inclusive growth and development.   Solutions and Reform Initiatives: Addressing corruption in Pakistan requires a multifaceted approach, encompassing legal reforms, institutional strengthening, enhanced transparency, and civic engagement. Some key strategies include:   1. Legal Reforms: Enforcing existing anti-corruption laws and implementing stricter penalties for offenders are essential steps towards deterring corrupt practices. Additionally, comprehensive legislation should be enacted to close loopholes and strengthen accountability mechanisms.   2. Institutional Strengthening: Building robust and independent institutions, including anti-corruption agencies, judicial bodies, and oversight mechanisms, is crucial for ensuring accountability and promoting good governance. Capacity-building initiatives and professional development programs can enhance the effectiveness of these institutions.   3. Transparency and Accountability: Emphasizing transparency in public procurement processes, financial transactions, and decision-making is vital for preventing corruption. Implementing open data initiatives and whistleblower protection mechanisms can empower citizens to hold authorities accountable and expose corrupt practices.   4. Public Awareness and Civic Engagement: Educating the public about the detrimental effects of corruption and fostering a culture of integrity and ethical conduct are essential for creating a more accountable society. Civil society organizations, media outlets, and grassroots movements play a crucial role in mobilizing citizens and advocating for anti-corruption reforms.   5. International Cooperation: Collaborating with international partners, organizations, and stakeholders can provide valuable resources, expertise, and support for anti-corruption initiatives. Participating in global anti-corruption conventions and initiatives demonstrates Pakistan's commitment to combating corruption on a global scale.   Conclusion: Corruption remains a significant challenge in Pakistan, undermining democratic institutions, stifling economic growth, and perpetuating social injustice. Addressing this complex issue requires sustained efforts, political will, and collective action from government authorities, civil society, and the private sector. By implementing comprehensive reforms, strengthening institutions, and promoting transparency and accountability, Pakistan can overcome the scourge of corruption and pave the way for a more prosperous and equitable future.

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Essay on Corruption in Pakistan Its Causes

Corruption is a poison which squanders the government resources deters investment and is detrimental to economic growth and political development. It flourishes if people in authority are dishonest and corrupt the state institutes are weak, and there is a political instability financial control lack of transparency in governance and disregard of the rule of law. Essay on Corruption in Pakistan Its Causes. Corruption has spoiled Pakistan completely and is resulting in increase in poverty, unemployment, hunger and is tarnished the image of the country by bringing immense miseries to its people.

Corruption has been deep routed in all levels either private or government from top to bottom and anti-corruption institutions have unfavorably failed to address this or even reduce the ongoing dishonesty and frauds. Corruption in Pakistan is widespread particularly in the government and lower levels of police forces. Transparency International 2017 Corruption perception index ranks the country 117 th place out of 180 countries. Essay on Corruption in Pakistan Its Causes. Pakistan saw a significant improvement in its statistics in 2013 when its ranking improved by 12 indices compared to its previous rankings.

Corruption is not something new. There have been periods in the subcontinent when corruption was rampant such as under British East India Company. When there was almost anarchy in the northeast of the subcontinent. Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah in his inaugural address to the constituent assembly on 11 th August 1947 had warned that bribery and corruption is a poison and “we must put that down with an iron hand”

The corruption practices have increased to an intolerable proportion and have assumed the gravity of a cancer. Dr IIhan Niazi write in his book, “The culture of power and governance of Pakistan 1947-2008 has dealt with the corruption. As early 1950 the Lahore High Court found the Chief Minister of Punjab guilty of corruption abuse of power and obstruction of justice because he had illegally acquired evacuee land for himself. After the demise of the first Prime Minister of Pakistan Liaquat Ali Khan (1947-51) a period of weak governments followed. As many as six prime ministers were changed during the next seven years.

Essay on Corruption in Pakistan Its Causes and Solution

Essay on Corruption in Pakistan Its Causes and Solution

Causes of Corruption:

Political Instability:

Corruption prevails in those regions where there is no peace no write of the state and there is no stable government. Pakistan unfortunately has been a place of political intrigues politics of opportunism and obstructionism.

Discretionary Power of Public Officials:

According to Roseau, “Power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely” wide and discretionary powers to the public officials provide incentive for corrupt behavior. These make them less accountable. Judges, Bureaucrats and politicians have access to control the valuable benefits of private citizens. They can impose costs over them and their business.

Policy Environment:

Corruption also stems from policy environment either on the top or at the bottom of the hierarchy. The payoffs are frequent to the lower level officials charged with collecting tariffs, provide police protection, issuing permits and the like.

Low Salaries:

Civil and military officials are also likely to involve in corruption due to their low salaries. As their costs and expenses are exceeding form their remunerations.

Poverty is also one of the main causes of corruption. The economic conditions of our country have always been shabby. Inflation as ever is on the rise. There is a lack of social safety network. All these compel a man to indulge in such unlawful activities.

IMPACTS OF CORRUPTION

According to Kimberly Ann Elliot:- “Bribery often undermines political legitimacy, squanders government revenues, and distorts international trade and investment flows. Where it is pervasive, corruption can deter investment, thereby lowering growth,” and is “detrimental to economic and political development.” Some of the main impacts of corruption are as follows:-

Moral Degradation:-

Corruption tends to moral degradation. The culture of corruption has plagued the society to the extent that it has become a way of life. Values and norms have changed and new values orientation is undergone. It puts us on the threshold of the cross roads of values. The generation, in all walks of life, emanates from assumption of power and corruption of values. Corruption leads to corruption. Corruption of liberty leads to liberty of corruption. It initiates every type of fraud, jealousy, deception, negligence and exploitation of vulnerable and weakest segments of society. It breeds inequality and injustice in the society. It denies the basic human rights of freedom, equality and fair play.

Slow Economic Growth:-

Corruption leads to slow economic growth, coupled deceleration with the development in the state. It impacts the private sector as there is no transparency. In consequences, investment is discouraged, whether it is internal or foreign. It impacts the public sector, as there is scarcity of resources. Thus, it creates despair, insecurity and detracts people’s constructive objective.

Mistrust and Suspicion:-

When there is corruption, there is mistrust and suspicion. People lose faith in the integrity of Public Administration as it becomes inefficient due to the violation of merit. Furthermore, they lose their faith in the state and its representatives. Thus, these facts cause damage to the social fabrics of the society. In consequence, democracy is put at stake and the nation become vulnerable to be exploited by the anti-Pakistani elements. Resultantly, the writ of the state will be shaken.

Corruption Leads To Exploitation:-

Corruption leads to exploitation because the living standard of people becomes very low. As corruption retards economy and poverty alleviation and public service delivery. Thus, it leads to all sorts of crimes and violence. Rich and poor gap get widen. Poor is exploited by burgesses (big businessman) class for their own aims.

Brain Drainage:-

Brain drainage is the direct effect of corruption. It will become harder to locate men and women’s ability and integrity in the public life. Capable people prefer to go abroad and serve other nations with their ability instead of suffering in Pakistan.

Current Government Era:-

It has been reported that during the last four years (2008-11) there were corruption and liabilities to the tune of Rupees 8500 billion. The estimated corruption was Rupees 390 billion in 2008, Rs 450 billion in 2009, Rs 825 billion in 2010 and Rs 1100 billion in 2011.it is due to prevalent corruption that the country’s economy has deteriorated to an extent that the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has rated Pakistan as “highly vulnerable”, and besides mounting external debts, “for the first time in the country’s history, the domestic debts and liabilities across Rupees 7 trillion mark.”

Increment in Social Problems:

The general public suffers because it is difficult for the people, who do not enjoy political patronage or contact with higher authorities, to get their genuine work done. Those who can bribe or have political support and contacts with higher authorities are the main beneficiaries of the prevailing system of governance. As for the judiciary and legal professions, except for superior courts, “there is widespread lack of public confidence in the justice system. Access to justice and legal the rule of law are undermined by corruption.” It can, therefore, be assumed that the bureaucracy as well as the judiciary is not above board and needs to improve their standards.

Honest Leadership:

Miss Fatima Jinnah had once said that corruption is like a snow which melts from the top. “Corruption cannot exist without the connivance of political leadership, even if passive,” says Elliot. Thus the foremost need is the top executive authority should be men of integrity who should not be corrupt and should not permit others to indulge in corruption.

Meritocracy:-

As for the government officials and functionaries, meritocracy must be implemented. The professional standards for the cadre law enforcement agencies should be improved, their induction made scrutiny on merit, they are reasonably well paid, there are improvements in the conduct of their training, they have service security and are free from political interference. The judiciary both at higher and lower levels should be strong, independent, honest and corruption-free. Greater transparency and effective accountability should be ensured, so there is easy accessibility of poor people to police stations, judicial courts and other public service departments.

Rule of Law:-

There should be a rule of law so that “thieves” are caught. The people should have fear of law and severe punishment to be given to those found guilty of corruption.

Proportional Representation:-

There is a tendency that candidates for legislative assemblies spend a large amount in their election campaign and in bribing the voters with a hope that they would be able to earn more. If elected, they resort to corrupt practices to amass wealth to compensate for the amount spent as well as for expenses to be spent in the next elections. If the alternative system of proportional representation, as practiced in Brazil, Indonesia, Russia, Sri Lanka etc., Is introduced it will be a check on individual corruption. And only those persons, who have an impeccable record of honesty, should be eligible for election to legislatures.

Financial Control:-

For financial oversight, the Public Accounts Committee and the Ministry of Finance with its Auditor General’s Office should work with efficiency and honesty. They need to continue reforming and overhauling themselves for improvement. Their working should be computerized so as to adopt best international procedures and practices, for audit and scrutiny. In addition, with a view to improving government revenues, they should ensure that the Central Board of Revenue (CBR) makes every eligible taxpayer to pay taxes to the government honestly.

Local Government:-

The local government system introduced in 2002 should be re-introduced and reformed wherever necessary. The system implies handling over local governance to the people through decentralization of administrative authority, de-concentration of management functions, and distribution of resources and public-private partnership in implementing and execution of works. This decentralization will eliminate corruption at provincial and higher levels, because local works would be carried out locally.

Civil Society:-

The civil society and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) should be associated with government agencies and committees, in advisory and oversight roles. The civil society may act as “watchdogs” in fighting against corruption. The public private partnership should be ensured, especially at district, tehsil and village level. Only those citizens should be co-opted who can take part in the direct monitoring of the Police, the Judiciary, the district government officials and others. Complaint cells be established which should be controlled by a committee composed of senior district officers and responsible citizens. In addition, there should be freedom of information in offices especially those having control over public works.

Education and Media:-

As a long term measure, intensive efforts need to be made to raise the Pakistan’s literacy rate, which is only 56 percent at present. There should be increased emphasis on character building and inculcating qualities such as honesty, justice, love of humanity, modesty, dignity, fair play etc, in our educational institutions. Besides, it should be the theme, which electronic and print media should focus on.

National Accountability Bureau:-

In the past many attempts were made to uproot corruption but all in vain. Critics opine that in the past, people were targeted and not facets of corruption. NAB was established to substantiate the commandment of Allah but it became a kingro court. The anti- corruption Act is still on the Statue Book (constitution), the Public Representative Office Disqualification Act is still in vogue. General Ayub, Zia, Musharraf introduced their own anti- corruption programs but they all aimed at throwing out the politicians and not the corruption.

The National Accountability Bureau (NAB) at the federal, provincial and local levels should effectively resort to monitoring through public awareness and in cooperation and collaboration with civil society. NAB should be independent of the executive. The setting up Public Safety Commission (PSC) in each district will be helpful. It would ensure greater private-public partnership and participation. It will be of assistance in the investigation of grievances. The anti-corruption process will be effective if the functionaries of NAB are paid well and have security of tenure. The Nab should have adequate staff and the requisite capability and capacity to perform its functions effectively “for improving governance, management, transparency and accountability and quality of public procurement of goods, services and works in the public sector.”

Anti Corruption Ombudsmen:-

Perhaps, Pakistan also needs to have an office of an anti-corruption ombudsman as proposed by Anna Hazare in India to deal with complaints against the conduct of other government officials and agencies dealing with the public. There may be anti-corruption ombudsmen at federal, provincial and local levels for prompt and speedy disposal of corruption cases involving abuse of power, illegal gratification, and misappropriation of property, kickbacks and commissions. However, accountability must not be selective and it should be across the board. The anti-corruption ombudsman should not only be independent but have vast powers. He should work without discrimination and the privileged people should not be treated differently. It would be the implementation of anti-corruption measures which would rather, as the taste of the pudding lies in its eating.

Transparency:-

Transparency, honesty and fair play are the pre-requisite for any state to progress. In order to make Pakistan a corruption free state, it is inevitable to introduce a transparency and merit culture in all its departments. No room should be provided for favouritism, gifts culture and bribery.

Increasing the Salaries of Public Servants:-

Corruption is a socio-economic problem. In the past, it has been treated only as a legal and administrative issue. Good rumination to the public servants and merit- oriented bureaucracy should be the norm in the country. There should be social justice and equity among all citizens of the country. The pay structure of the public officials must be realistic. Their salaries should be adequate to meet their needs.

Mass awareness:-

To minimize corruption in Pakistan, there is a need of comprehensive campaign on the media to bring awareness to the people. The propagation against corruption could play a vital role in uprooting corruption in Pakistan. Civil society can also play a vital role in minimizing corruption in our society.

Empowering Parliamentary Oversight Committee:-

Democratic government is still the best policy even if its leaders are less austere and less capable than non-political guards or experts. A democratic system has its own correcting mechanism. Parliament oversight and fear of losing the confidence of people makes it more efficient. A parliament oversight committee should be empowered to revive all the actions of the government, big cartels and bureaucrats. Only then the corruption could be minimized in the country.

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Overview of corruption in pakistan.

Overview of corruption in Pakistan

In collaboration with

Transparency International

Cite this publication

Chêne, M. (2008) Overview of corruption in Pakistan. Bergen: U4 Anti-Corruption Resource Centre, Chr. Michelsen Institute (U4 Helpdesk Answer Helpdesk)

All views in this text are the author(s)’, and may differ from the U4 partner agencies’ policies.

This work is licenced under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International licence ( CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 )

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Corruption in Pakistan, its causes, impacts, and practicable measures

Corruption in Pakistan, its causes, impacts, and practicable measures

  • Syed Muhammad Hamza
  • January 28, 2022
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corruption free pakistan essay

INTRODUCTION

Corruption has emerged as an existential threat to Pakistan’s social, economic, and political progress without transparency, accountability, and efficient bureaucracy. However, some pragmatic steps, such as bureaucratic reforms, access to information, and promotion of a democratic environment, may help mitigate social evil.    

CURRENT SITUATION 

WHAT ARE THE LEADING FACTORS BEHIND CORRUPTION IN PAKISTAN?

  • Lack of transparency
  • The overlapping jurisdiction of institutions
  • Recruitment and appointment based on favouritism and political background 

HOW HAS CORRUPTION IMPACTED THE STATE?

  • Seeping of funds into the pockets of authoritarians
  • Vanishing meritocracy 
  • Overpowering the institutions 

HOW TO CONTROL CORRUPTION IN PAKISTAN?

  • To reform the regulatory system 
  • To give access to information to the citizens
  • To set exemplary decisions by the judiciary 
  • To block the political involvement 
  • To enhance the accountability system

CRITICAL ANALYSIS 

corruption free pakistan essay

Answer to the Question

Introduction

Nothing seems to hamper the socio-economic development and the political progress of a country more than corruption. It hinders an efficient democratic environment from prevailing in the state. Pakistan, unfortunately, has been a victim of corruption for decades. Injuring the state’s economic health, corruption has also gained social acceptance in Pakistani society in some ways. Moreover, social frustration and the loss of legitimacy of the institutions are the prominent impacts of corruption in the polity. However, several reasons have drowned the state into the sea of corruption. Some of them are inefficient bureaucracy, the absence of transparency, and the lack of accountability. Therefore, its high time for Pakistan to take practical measures to obliterate corruption from society. For instance, promoting the democratised society, resisting the political involvement in institutions, and giving access to information to people may help fight social evil successfully. The following answer highlights the causes, impacts, and suggestions regarding corruption.

Current Situation

At present, the issue of corruption has become a matter of grave sickness for Pakistan, pushing the country to the bleak. It manifests in multiple forms across the country, including widespread financial and political corruption, nepotism, and abuse of power that, consequently, cast dire consequences on the socio-economic and political life of people. As per the Transparency International Corruption Perception Index report, Pakistan stands 124th based on corruption-free governance. Despite having multiple corruption laws, agencies and independent accountability bureaus, Pakistan lag behind India in reducing corruption. Although the government has recently taken concrete measures to counter the menace, the remedy seems afar. It would take some time for the positive impact of the reforms to seep in.

What are the leading factors behind corruption in Pakistan?

Amongst several reasons for corruption, the absence of transparency stands the most prominent one. It is hard for people to understand the complex and hidden governance procedures in the institutions. In fact, the absence of transparency becomes more lethal with the lack of accountability. As a result, the discretionary power enjoyed by personnel or institutions, in some cases, causes the monopoly over society. Furthermore, Pakistan is one of the most overregulated countries in the world. Furthermore, the overlapping of jurisdictions of the institutions hurts the governance of the state. It creates an opportunity for corruption to spread like a fire in a system. In addition to it, the culture of nepotism and favouritism has heralded good governance in Pakistan. Moreover, the recruitment and appointment of employees based on political background have killed the essence of democracy in the institutions. Thus, corruption has been a cause of several social, political, and economic issues.  

How has corruption impacted the state?

Nothing hurts the country socially, politically, and economically the way corruption does. In economic realms, corruption has created an opportunity to misuse discretionary powers held by the authoritarians of the state’s institutions. The authoritarians have used the state’s funds and resources to achieve their vested interests. Moreover, corruption has hurt the culture of meritocracy in the state’s institutions. As a result, inefficient people are running the matters of state. In addition to the economic impacts, corruption has also impacted the state’s political realms. The executive and judiciary institutions’ autonomy and independence are under the immense influence of politics. The decisions made by the judiciary is not the same; it usually favours government policies even if they are against the interest of the public. Furthermore, corruption has also caused social frustration in society. It has declined the Pakistani society morally. Unfortunately, today corruption has gained social acceptance and acknowledgement in society. Thus, it is true to say corruption is the mother of all social evils. 

corruption free pakistan essay

How can Pakistan control corruption?

First, it is high time for Pakistan to reform its regulatory system. Since the laws are overregulated, the departmental procedures are complex to understand for the citizens. Simplifying the vague laws and making them transparent and accessible to the citizens would be an efficient way to cope with corruption. Moreover, information must be made accessible to the citizens. This way, the opportunity of corruption for the institutions and authoritative people would become less. In addition to it, the judiciary must play its professional role and should build its deterrence in society through exemplary decisions. It must also empower its internal accountability system of judges so that its judges don’t misuse discretionary power. Similarly, check and balance over each state’s institutions must be ensured. As it is remarkably said,  “Absolute power corrupts absolutely” . To the abovementioned pragmatic measures, a decrease of political interference in executive and judiciary matters must also be added to mitigate corruption from society. Indeed, the efficiency and workability of good governance are impossible without the autonomous and independent status of the institutions. Therefore, the institutions’ recruitment and other administrative procedures should be pure of political influence. Thus, these are a few practical measures to control corruption in Pakistan.

Critical Analysis 

Corruption is the mother of all social evils. Corruption has given birth to unemployment, poverty, economic crisis, good governance crisis, water crisis, and energy crisis. Disturbing the economy and peace of Pakistani society, corruption has exerted repulsion on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). As a result, Pakistan has received aid from the IMF, WB, and other forums. In the name of financial and economic help, Pakistan has been chained in several sanctions by the international superpowers, making its sovereignty insecure. Thus, corruption has ultimately weakened the state’s national security.    

Despite hundreds of determinations made by each successive government, corruption stands uncured. It has killed meritocracy, snatched the legitimacy of the elected governments, and made the public lose their trust in the institutions. The absence of accountability, rising trend of nepotism, and the concentration of power on a certain group or class of society are a few prominent reasons behind it. However, promoting transparency and accountability, restructuring the democratic system in the state, and educating citizens the moral values may help the society to pluck itself out of the malice of corruption. 

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Essay on Corruption in Pakistan

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Youth are the backbone of any nation, and they are decisive in its development or destruction. A considerable portion of the population in both Afghanistan and Pakistan consists of youth. This paper discusses the impacts of unemployment, poverty, drug abuse, corruption, conflicts, and extremism on the experiences of young people in these countries. Vulnerabilities can become risk factors that, in turn, can increase the likelihood of youth being involved with the police. Although vulnerability and insecurity are common to both young women and men, girls and young women face additional challenges that increase their vulnerability to insecurities, such as gender-based violence. This article details how livelihood and personal insecurities are closely intertwined and further considers how these insecurities involve the police in one way or another. It argues that local community-oriented police initiatives and civil society organisation contributions can increase cooperation between youth and law enforcement agencies in addressing these challenges in a collaborative and trustful manner.

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corruption free pakistan essay

Corruption Essay in Urdu کرپشن (بدعنوانی)

What is corruption how to control corruption in pakistan.

  • What are different types of corruption?
  • How systemic corruption is different from sporadic corruption?
  • How strong democracy can control corruption in Pakistan?

Corruption is one of the major and severest issues faced by Pakistan today. Every single individual in Pakistan is under heavy foreign debt. At the same time, the country is at the brink of going bankrupt. If corruption is stopped, the foreign debt can easily be paid.

Suggesting ways how to control corruption in Pakistan requires in-depth understanding of its causes and the ways how it is practiced. On this platform, you will learn about what is corruption in Urdu as well.

Called “بدعنوانی” in Urdu, corruption is a broad term. Generally, it can be defined as the misuse of entrusted power for illegitimate personal or private gains. It can also be regarded as a form of fraudulent and dishonest conduct by the persons entrusted with a position of authority, typically involving bribery and embezzlement of money or funds.

Corruption can be of several different types, such as political corruption, sporadic corruption, systemic corruption, grand corruption, petty corruption, legal corruption and moral corruption.

Here follows a brief overview of different types of corruption.

Political Corruption: This type of corruption refers to the misuse of authority by the politicians and government officials for the unlawful and undeserved political and personal gains. Such an illegal act is often directly related to their official duties and is done under the color of law.

The political corruption may involve transactions between private and public sector actors to illegally convert collective goods into private-regarding payoffs.

Systemic Corruption: Also called endemic corruption, it can be contrasted with agents or individual officials who conduct corrupt practices within the system. The systemic corruption occurs primarily due to the loopholes in a process or an organization. It is embedded in a wider system which helps sustain it.

Sporadic Corruption: The sporadic or individual corruption is the opposite of the endemic corruption as it occurs irregularly and does not threaten the mechanisms of control. This type of dishonest conduct by people in authority seriously undermines the morale and saps the economy of resources.

Grand Corruption: As the name suggests, grand corruption is a high-level corruption that takes place at the level of policy formation by the officials, politicians or legislators. In other words, it is at the highest level of the public sphere where rules and policies are formulated in the first place.

Petty Corruption: This small-scale corruption is also called bureaucratic corruption. It involves the everyday corrupt practices on the part of the officials or individuals in authority at the implementation end of the rules and policies where the public officials meet the public. It may involve bribery in connection with the enforcement of the existing rules and regulations which makes it different from the grand or political corruption.

Causes of Corruption

After you know the causes of corruption, you will be able to formulate the ways how to control corruption in Pakistan. There can be several different causes of dishonest and fraudulent practices by people in authority.

Some of the factors which may give rise to corruption include:

Lack of Accountability: When people in authority know that they will not be brought to book for their corrupt practice, they feel free to make misuse of entrusted power for unlawful personal benefits.

Low Salaries: Low salaries is one of the basic causes of corruption. When people working for an organization are unable to make two ends meet, they may resort to collect money through illegal and corrupt practices.

Mistrust in Government: When the government is not spending the taxpayer’s money on the rightful causes like education, health and welfare of the people in general, people try to evade taxes. The evasion of taxes can also be considered a type of corruption.

Unemployment: When the educated individuals do not get the jobs they deserve and have expertise for, they try to bribe the individuals in authority to secure their place in an organization. Bribery, as you know, is one of the corrupt practices.

Low Press Freedom: When the press and media are deprived of their right to freedom of expression, people in authority feel free to conduct corrupt practices. It is because they know that their corrupt practices shall not be made public and they will have least chances of facing accountability.

Other causes of corruption include:

  • Greed of money and luxury.
  • Lust for power.
  • Political monopolization.
  • Less political transparency.
  • Weak democracy.
  • Inefficient structures of administration, etc.

How to Control Corruption in Pakistan:

Corruption is engulfing the economy of Pakistan. The country is under the burden of huge circular and foreign debts. If the corrupt practices are not controlled, the country may go bankrupt. So, the people in authority need to formulate effective strategies to stop corruption.

Some of the ways how to control corruption in Pakistan are listed below:

Strong Democracy: If the democratic system of Pakistan is made strong, people will reject the corrupt politicians. They will not entrust power in their hand. So, to be voted to power the next time, the politicians will try to keep their hands clean and avoid corrupt practices.

Running Awareness Campaign: Running an awareness campaign about corruption will make the corrupt individuals feel guilty. Meanwhile, they will also become fearful of facing the consequences.

Transparency of Affairs and Deals: If all the financial affairs and deals at different levels of the business of state are made transparent, people in authority will feel reluctant to get indulged in corrupt practices.

Addressing the Causes of Corruption: Corruption can easily be controlled by addressing and paying attention to the causes of corruption.

To control corruption, the state can do the following things:

  • Raise the standard of life of employees.
  • Work for the welfare of the people.
  • Provide better opportunities for health, education, accommodation, etc.

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    Creating a corruption-free society that can pave the way for sustainable development, prosperity, and progress is essential. ... Essay On Corruption In Pakistan (500 words) Corruption has been a longstanding problem in Pakistan, and it remains one of the country's most pressing issues. The country's political, economic, and social systems ...

  5. Corruption and Its Deep Impact on Good Governance in Pakistan

    comity of nations on the scale of corruption free governance. This ranking is not at all enviable or acceptable. TABLE 1 Transparency International; Corruption Perception Index Pakistan Score and Ranking y ear Pakistan Pak Most No. of Countries ear Rank/Score Corrupt Rank 2009 139/2.4 42 180 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 ...

  6. (DOC) Essay on Corruption in Pakistan

    Syeda Hoor-Ul-Ain. The paper focuses on the contemporary governance and corruption issues of Pakistan and suggests a way forward for good governance to blossom in a corruption-free state. Pakistan stands at 126 th and 117 th position among 175 and 168 countries on the CPI ranking-in the years 2014 and 2015 respectively.

  7. Corruption in Pakistan Essay with Quotes

    The government's commitment to combating corruption and meeting public prospects is a critical aspect of the ongoing battle. " The fight against corruption in Pakistan is a battle for the soul of the nation, where the people's commitment to honesty can triumph over the sharp influence of deceitfulness.". In conclusion, the issue of ...

  8. Corruption

    This paper aims to demonstrate how corruption has proved to be an irreplaceable ingredient in the history of Pakistani democratic rule of law. Corruption in general has plagued the country and has infiltrated the socio-economic and political landscape. From Heads of State, to judiciary and to local police officers, corruption has found to be ...

  9. PDF Overview of corruption in Pakistan

    Query: (1) A description of the present status of corruption in Pakistan with past and future trends. This would include details of any previous scandals; the present political interests and institutional structure; and present systems weakness; including assessment of whether the risk to funds is greater at the federal, provincial or local.

  10. Corruption in Pakistan

    Corruption in Pakistan involves fraudulent practices carried out by officials and institutions. This can include a number of corruption practices, from petty bribery to high-profile scandals. [1]Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif was ousted and faced corruption charges after the Panama Papers leak.. Corruption distorts economic decision-making, deters investment, undermines competitiveness and ...

  11. 5 steps to curtail corruption in Pakistan

    Short-term fixes and anti-corruption tools might prove effective in battling graft in isolated ways. But if Pakistan - and other countries - are to truly create fair and open societies for everyone, it is going to take a much larger, generational process to build accountability. The time to start is now.

  12. Essay On Corruption In Pakistan

    Essay On Corruption In Pakistan. 878 Words4 Pages. Corruption is the misuse of power by any authorized person. Authorized person may be a politician, a bureaucrat, a civil servant, member of the armed forces. Corruption is a very important global issue far more crucial than poverty or unemployment. It can also be said that corruption and ...

  13. Corruption in Pakistan: Understanding the Causes and Solutions

    February 8, 2024. Corruption has been a persistent and pressing issue in Pakistan for several years. Despite the concerted efforts to tackle this issue, corruption remains an extensive problem that pervades all aspects of society. It impedes economic growth, undermines public trust in institutions, and perpetuates inequality and injustice.

  14. Essay Outline and Intro

    Essay Outline and Intro_ Corruption in Pakistan - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free. Corruption in Pakistan is declining slightly according to some measures, though it remains a serious problem. The government lacks political will to fight corruption, forcing the Supreme Court to take action in some high-profile corruption cases.

  15. Essay on Corruption in Pakistan in English with quotations

    The essay on corruption is also part of smart syllabus of 2nd year English 2021. The list of all essays for 2021 exams of class 12 includes this essay. So, I wrote this essay just to facilitate the students of 2nd year, class 12. The essay on Corruption has been written in the context of Pakistan.

  16. Unraveling Corruption in Pakistan: Challenges and Solutions

    Understanding the Causes: Corruption in Pakistan is fueled by a multitude of factors, including political instability, weak institutions, inadequate transparency and accountability mechanisms, and socio-economic disparities. The intertwining of power and privilege often leads to the abuse of authority for personal gain. Moreover, cultural norms ...

  17. Essay on Corruption in Pakistan Its Causes

    The estimated corruption was Rupees 390 billion in 2008, Rs 450 billion in 2009, Rs 825 billion in 2010 and Rs 1100 billion in 2011.it is due to prevalent corruption that the country's economy has deteriorated to an extent that the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has rated Pakistan as "highly vulnerable", and besides mounting external ...

  18. Overview of corruption in Pakistan

    Corruption remains a substantial obstacle for Pakistan where it is still perceived to be widespread and systemic. Petty corruption in the form of bribery is prevalent in law enforcement, procurement and the provision of public services. The judiciary is not seen as independent and considered to be shielding corrupt political practices from ...

  19. (PDF) Essay: Pakistan is not a failed state, but a state of failing

    Essay: Pakistan is not a failed state, but a state of failing governance. Outlines. 1- Introduction. 2- An overview of the relationship between governance and the creation of a thriving state. 3- Pakistan's governance exhibits insensitivity to the principles of effective governance, hindering its progress as a successful state.

  20. Corruption in Pakistan, its causes, impacts, and practicable

    Critical Analysis. Corruption is the mother of all social evils. Corruption has given birth to unemployment, poverty, economic crisis, good governance crisis, water crisis, and energy crisis. Disturbing the economy and peace of Pakistani society, corruption has exerted repulsion on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI).

  21. (DOC) Essay on Corruption in Pakistan

    Essay on Corruption in Pakistan Since independence corruption is one of the biggest obstacles faced by Pakistan. Despite various institutions handling corruption it's not easy to control corruption. One form of corruption is bribery that prevails in our society strongly.

  22. What is Corruption in Urdu? How to Control Corruption in Pakistan

    Called "بدعنوانی" in Urdu, corruption is a broad term. Generally, it can be defined as the misuse of entrusted power for illegitimate personal or private gains. It can also be regarded as a form of fraudulent and dishonest conduct by the persons entrusted with a position of authority, typically involving bribery and embezzlement of ...