research paper ieee example

Structure Your Paper

Learn how to structure your paper for publication. IEEE has put together some tips and best practices for what should be included in your conference paper.

Your paper title should be specific, concise, and descriptive. Avoid using unnecessary words such as “new” or “novel”. Include keywords that will help a reader find your paper.

Provide a concise summary of the research conducted. Include the conclusions reached and the potential implications of those conclusions. Your abstract should also:

• consist of a single paragraph up to 250 words, with correct grammar and unambiguous terminology;
• be self-contained with no abbreviations, footnotes, references, or mathematical equations;
• highlight what is unique in your work;
• include 3-5 keywords or phrases that describe the research, with any abbreviations clearly defined,  to help readers find your paper.

First Footnote

Funding footnote.

If the research reported in your paper was supported by a funding source, include the funder’s name and grant information in a footnote on the first page of the paper.

Human and animal research statements

For papers reporting on research involving human subjects or animals, complete and include one of the following human/animal research statements in a footnote on the first page of the paper:

• Papers That Are Reporting on Human/Animal Research and Have Review Board Approval:   This work involved human subjects or animals in its research. Approval of all ethical and experimental procedures and protocols was granted by (Name of Review Board or Committee) (if provided under Application No. xx, and performed in line with the (Name of Specific Declaration (if applicable/provided)).
• Papers That Are Reporting on Human/Animal Research and Are Exempt From Review Board Approval: This work involved human subjects or animals in its research. The author(s) confirm(s) that all human/animal subject research procedures and protocols are exempt from review board approval.

Refer to the IEEE’s policy on Research on Human and Animal Subjects .

Introduction

Help the reader understand why your research is important and what it is contributing to the field.

• Start by giving the reader a brief overview of the current state of research in your subject area.
• Progress to more detailed information on the specific topic of your research.
• End with a description of the exact question or hypothesis that your paper will address.

Also state your motivation for doing your research and what it will contribute to the field.

Formulate your research question. It should include:

• a detailed description of the question;
• the methods you used to address the question;
• the definitions of any relevant terminology;
• any equations that contributed to your work.

The methods section should be described in enough detail for someone to replicate your work.

Results and Discussion

Show the results that you achieved in your work and offer an interpretation of those results. Acknowledge any limitations of your work and avoid exaggerating the importance of the results.

Summarize your key findings. Include important conclusions that can be drawn and further implications for the field. Discuss benefits or shortcomings of your work and suggest future areas for research.

Acknowledgments

You can recognize individuals who provided assistance with your work, but who do not meet the definition of authorship . The acknowledgments section is optional.

Provide citation information for all the previous publications referred to in your paper. Cite only those references that directly support your work.

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Manuscript Templates for Conference Proceedings

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The purpose of a conference template is to provide a consistent format for papers appearing in the conference proceedings. IEEE strongly encourages use of the conference manuscript templates provided below. 

IEEE conference templates contain guidance text for composing and formatting conference papers. Please ensure that all guidance text is removed from your conference paper prior to submission to the conference. 

Failure to remove template text from your paper may result in your paper not being published.

Accessing the templates

Microsoft Word

• US letter (DOC, 30 KB) Updated Jan 2019
• A4  (DOC, 30 KB) Updated Jan 2019

LaTeX Template Instructions (PDF, 63 KB) [ Be sure to use the template's  conference  mode.]

• Template (ZIP, 700 KB) Updated October 2019
• LaTeX Bibliography Files  (ZIP, 309 KB)
• When working in Overleaf, the template is available at https://www.overleaf.com/gallery/tagged/ieee-official

1. For conference organizers:  The use of the conference manuscript templates provided by  IEEE eXpress Conference Publishing  will greatly reduce the chance for errors in the metadata visible in IEEE Xplore ® , and IEEE's downstream Indexing partners. Errors may result in delays in posting or in making any approved corrections, or in some cases, may simply persist. Using the templates is one of the ways to reduce errors.

If you wish, you may link to this webpage in its entirety. It is not recommended that you link to individual files, however, because they may be updated or replaced without notice.

2. Grateful acknowledgement is made to the IEEE Computational Intelligence Society, which provided the current LaTeX template.

3. Other templates that more closely align with the IEEE Transactions article format are available.

Authoring Tools and Templates

Creating your conference paper for IEEE should be seamless. Save time and effort with authoring tools and templates that will help you write, prepare, and share your research better.

Use   IEEE conference templates   in Word or LaTeX to easily format your paper for publication. Write collaboratively with your co-authors in   Overleaf , an authoring tool for LaTeX and rich text documents. Overleaf is preloaded with IEEE templates for your convenience. Overleaf and LaTeX resources are available online for both beginners and advanced users. Choose from a variety of quick guides, tutorials, webinars, and detailed documentation based upon your individual needs and level of expertise.

Get your paper ready for publication with IEEE Author Tools. Find the right conference   for your paper. Validate your   references  and   LaTeX   files. Claim your unique   ORCID identifier   to get full credit for your work.

Share your data and code with other researchers through the data repository   IEEE DataPort ™ and the executable code platform   Code Ocean .

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Because they facilitate reading and retaining information from articles, many peer-reviewed journals are adopting structured abstract s as their preferred format for abstracts—including the IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication. 

This article:

• Explains what structured abstracts are and how they benefit readers
• Provides a sample structured abstract
• Concludes with a template that authors of Transactions articles should follow when preparing their structured abstracts

About Structured Abstracts

Structured abstracts summarize the key findings reported in an article, as well as the means of reaching them.  Authors write structured abstracts so that readers do not have to read an article in its entirety to learn conclusions or how those conclusions were reached. Certain types of readers find structured abstracts particularly beneficial:

• Those who will not read an article in its entirety but need to know the key facts, such as executives, primary investigators on large scale projects, and people trying to keep abreast of the field.
• Those who have previously read the article in its entirety and need to recall key findings without having to re-read the article, such as researchers conducting a systematic review of the literature.
• Those who are trying to determine whether or not to read a particular article.

Structured abstracts are similar in format and style to Executive Summaries provided with in-depth engineering and recommendation reports.

Structured abstracts contrast with topic abstracts, which tend to be brief (100 to 150 words, about 100 words shorter than a typical structured abstract) and merely identify the themes addressed by an article, but do not report how the article addresses the themes much less the conclusions reached.

Samples and Guidelines

• For a research article or integrative literature review
• For a case study
• For a tutorial
• For a teaching case

Sample Structured Abstract—Research Article  and Integrative Literature Review

The following structured abstract summarizes Chen, I. & Chang, C. (2009). Cognitive load theory: an empirical study of anxiety and task performance in language learning. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology , 7 (2), 729-746.

Template for Writing a Structured Abstract—Research Article and Integrative Literature Review

Sample Structured Abstract—Case Study

The following structured abstract summarizes Raju, R. (2012). Intercultural communication training in IT outsourcing in India: A Case Study. IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication 55 (3).

Template for Writing a Structured Abstract—Case Study

Sample Structured Abstract—Tutorial

The following structured abstract summarizes

Tuleja, E.A.;   Beamer, L.;   Shum, C.;   & Chan, E.K.Y. (2011.) Designing and Developing Questionnaires for Translation—Tutorial. IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication, 54 (4), 392-405.

Template for Writing a Structured Abstract—Tutorial

Sample Structured Abstract—Teaching Case

The following structured abstract summarizes Bednar, L. (2012). Using a Research in Technical and Scientific Communication Class to teach essential workplace skills. IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication Early Access .

Template for Writing a Structured Abstract—Teaching Case

Research on Computer Remote Network Transmission Signal Monitoring and Security Protection System

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Delving into Human Behavior: the Art of Naturalistic Observation

This essay about the method of naturalistic observation in psychology, highlighting its unique ability to capture authentic human behavior in real-life settings. It discusses the importance of observing behavior in natural environments, where individuals interact spontaneously, offering insights into social dynamics and generating new research avenues. Despite challenges like observer bias and resource constraints, naturalistic observation remains a valuable tool for understanding the intricacies of human behavior and social interaction.

How it works

In the vast landscape of psychological research, one methodology stands out for its ability to capture the essence of human behavior in its most authentic form: naturalistic observation. Far from the sterile confines of a laboratory, naturalistic observation ventures into the heart of everyday life, unveiling the intricacies of human interaction and behavior within their natural habitat. It is a journey into the realm of genuine experience, where the complexities of social dynamics and individual quirks are laid bare for scrutiny and understanding.

At its core, naturalistic observation offers a unique perspective on human behavior by immersing researchers in the environments where it naturally unfolds. Whether it’s a bustling city street, a tranquil park, or a lively classroom, these natural settings serve as the stage for the drama of everyday life. Here, researchers become silent observers, blending into the background as they witness the ebb and flow of human interaction with an unobtrusive gaze. It is through this lens that the true essence of behavior is revealed, unencumbered by the constraints of artificial experimental setups.

One of the most compelling aspects of naturalistic observation is its ability to capture the nuances of social interaction in real-time. In these natural settings, individuals behave in ways that are spontaneous and unscripted, offering researchers a glimpse into the intricacies of human relationships and social dynamics. Whether it’s the subtle cues of nonverbal communication or the complex interplay of group dynamics, naturalistic observation allows researchers to peel back the layers of social behavior and uncover its underlying mechanisms.

Moreover, naturalistic observation holds immense potential for uncovering unexpected insights and generating new avenues of research. As researchers immerse themselves in the rich tapestry of everyday life, they may stumble upon intriguing patterns or phenomena that spark their curiosity. Perhaps it’s the way pedestrians navigate a crowded street or the dynamics of conversation in a bustling café. These seemingly mundane observations can serve as the seeds for further exploration, leading researchers down unexpected paths of inquiry and discovery.

However, naturalistic observation is not without its challenges and limitations. One of the most significant hurdles is the potential for observer bias, wherein the presence of the researcher may subtly influence the behavior of those being observed. To mitigate this risk, researchers employ a variety of strategies, such as blending into the environment or employing covert observation techniques. Additionally, naturalistic observation can be resource-intensive, requiring researchers to invest significant time and effort in data collection and analysis.

Despite these challenges, the benefits of naturalistic observation are undeniable. By providing a window into the complexities of human behavior in its natural habitat, this approach offers unparalleled insights into the intricacies of social interaction and individual behavior. It is a journey into the heart of what it means to be human, where the mundane becomes extraordinary and the ordinary becomes extraordinary. In the hands of skilled researchers, naturalistic observation is not just a tool for understanding behavior; it is a gateway to a deeper understanding of the human experience itself.

Cite this page

Delving into Human Behavior: The Art of Naturalistic Observation. (2024, May 12). Retrieved from https://papersowl.com/examples/delving-into-human-behavior-the-art-of-naturalistic-observation/

"Delving into Human Behavior: The Art of Naturalistic Observation." PapersOwl.com , 12 May 2024, https://papersowl.com/examples/delving-into-human-behavior-the-art-of-naturalistic-observation/

PapersOwl.com. (2024). Delving into Human Behavior: The Art of Naturalistic Observation . [Online]. Available at: https://papersowl.com/examples/delving-into-human-behavior-the-art-of-naturalistic-observation/ [Accessed: 15 May. 2024]

"Delving into Human Behavior: The Art of Naturalistic Observation." PapersOwl.com, May 12, 2024. Accessed May 15, 2024. https://papersowl.com/examples/delving-into-human-behavior-the-art-of-naturalistic-observation/

"Delving into Human Behavior: The Art of Naturalistic Observation," PapersOwl.com , 12-May-2024. [Online]. Available: https://papersowl.com/examples/delving-into-human-behavior-the-art-of-naturalistic-observation/. [Accessed: 15-May-2024]

PapersOwl.com. (2024). Delving into Human Behavior: The Art of Naturalistic Observation . [Online]. Available at: https://papersowl.com/examples/delving-into-human-behavior-the-art-of-naturalistic-observation/ [Accessed: 15-May-2024]

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