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Our online cover letter instruments allow you to generate a detailed, passionate and informative appeal within minutes. No more agonizing over creative sentences, doubting your writing style or worrying about emotional perceptions. Powerful web tools and recruiter expertise are here to help!

Use our tech tools to write truly next-level cover letters and resumes . In a digital world, it’s important to stay competitive. Old-school methods have their place and charm, but if you want to land that dream job – it makes sense to get an edge over the other candidates.

Want to test out more beautiful designs? Quickly adjust the formatting? Easily generate multiple cover letters for several employers? This is now possible with our builder in record time and no technical knowledge required.

Our cover letter template designs and samples have been carefully crafted to maximize their visual and textual impact. You want recruiters to fall in love with your professional story before they even meet you. That’s what we aim to help you with.

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Why our cover letter builder helps you getting the ideal job.

Finally, you don’t have to build anything from scratch. That’s always the most difficult part. And now it’s the part you can just skip. Our free cover letter templates are ready to use and fill in with minimal effort. The attention-grabbing beautiful designs and organized structure have been tested and vetted. All our cover letter templates have been approved by recruitment experts.

Recruiters and hiring managers still emphasize poor grammar and typos as a dominant reason for rejecting applications. Don’t be a part of that statistic. We’ve taken care of combining all the tools you need in one place - including a spell-checker. No need to use multiple software or online tools - the perfect cover letter build unites them all!

Go beyond just files and documents. Actually control and analyze your application process in one powerful dashboard. Our job tracker helps you monitor every stage of the job hunt. It provides a bird’s eye view of your successful tactics, as well as possible improvements. Add jobs to your shortlist to pursue later. Keep tabs on your offers. Stay on top of scheduled interviews, follow up on completed ones and more.

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How to build a cover letter.

It used to be the case that you needed creative writing skills to build an amazing cover letter. And time. Lots of time. Now, all you need is the perfect online builder - and you’re good to go!

Go to our varied collection of beautifully designed cover letter templates and pick one that suits you! We have created templates and samples that align with jobs, industries and professional image goals. All you need to do is consider which one strikes your fancy and is appropriate for your potential employer.

Add your contact information, as well as any needed (and appropriate) personal data the employer requires. Our well-designed templates make sure your info won’t get overlooked and your documents don’t get lost due to boring visuals. After all, your cover letter is your ambassador.

Save tons of time, condensing the long journey of a convincing professional appeal to several minutes and keystrokes. You can use our free guiding samples that show mock-up cover letters, written by hiring professionals based on years of experience. With all the technical and guiding support - this won’t take long!

Tailor the design, structure and formatting of your cover letter in a couple of clicks. The template and other aspects of your document can be adjusted as you see fit. And what’s more, you can experiment as long as you want - our online and offline sync features mean you won’t lose any of your changes even if you lose your internet connection.

Whether your employer uses an Applicant Tracking System or prefers email, whether they use Mac or PC - we’ve got you covered. Make use of PDF files to perfectly preserve your beautiful cover letter formatting.

Land that dream job now!

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Make a memorable first impression with a skillfully made cover letter. Don’t sweat over the formatting deets like fonts, margins, or spacing — focus on selling yourself instead!

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Download your cover letter in PDF format to easily upload to online job posts, share via email, or hand it in personally.

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Get ideas from our database of cover letter examples. browse by industry, profession, or experience level., need a resume to boot.

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Still Got Questions? We Have Answers!

What is the free app to create a cover letter.

Freesumes offers a popular free cover letter generator with premium-like features and without any account registration requirements. Use an intuitive online interface to write, design, and download a cover letter in PDF format.

Are there any 100% free cover letter templates?

Yes, Freesumes cover letter builder comes with a choice of 6 free professionally-designed cover letter templates. We also offer several more styles as direct downloads . Each template is optimized for optimal visibility and empowers you to make a strong first impression with a potential employer.

Do companies still like cover letters?

Absolutely. Every company expects to receive at least a short cover letter alongside other requested job application documents. In fact, a cover letter is your best marketing tool. Use it to give a preview of your skills and articulate your motivation for pursuing the advertised role. 

How can I create my own cover letter?

You can effortlessly create your own cover letter with Freesumes cover letter maker. The app guides you through each cover letter section, suggesting which information to put first. Once you’re happy with the result, you can instantly download a cover letter version, packed in a selected template in PDF format.

Should you sell yourself in a cover letter?

A hundred times YES. An effective cover letter will convince a potential employer that you’re the best fit for the job by selling your skills, qualifications, and personality. Using words, you should paint a picture of the future impact you could have in the company and articulate how your past experience could help the company hit its goals.

Which template is best for a cover letter?

The choice of a cover letter template depends on your industry. If you’re applying to a more traditional company, opt for a minimalistic cover letter template in black and white or gray scale. If you’re after a job in a more hyp, startup-like company, consider a more creative template, perhaps one featuring a photo or a professional tagline on top.

What does a modern cover letter look like?

A modern cover letter is a one-page, web-friendly document, most times in PDF format. Use an appropriate professional greeting (hello, hi) and the person’s or company name, instead of the old-fashioned “dear Sir/Madam” or the trite “To whom it may concern”. Modern cover letters are also more permissive in terms of design. You can use color (as long as it doesn’t affect readability) and include a headshot and professional tagline in the header area for  personal branding purposes.

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How to Write a Job Application Letter (With Examples)

What Is a Job Application Letter?

Tips for writing a job application letter, how to get started.

• Writing Guidelines
• What to Include in Each Section

Simple Formatting Using a Template

Tips for writing an effective letter, sample job application letter, sending an email application, review more letter examples.

Do you need to write a letter to apply for a job? Most of the time, the answer is yes. Even when employers don’t require a job application letter , writing one will help you highlight your skills and achievements and get the hiring manager’s attention. The only time not to send one is when the job listing says not to do so. It can help, and it definitely won't hurt to include an application letter with your resume.

A job application letter, also known as a cover letter , should be sent or uploaded with your resume when applying for jobs. While your resume offers a history of your work experience and an outline of your skills and accomplishments, the job application letter you send to an employer explains why you are qualified for the position and should be selected for an interview.

Writing this letter can seem like a challenging task. However, if you take it one step at a time, you'll soon be an expert at writing application letters to send with your resume.

Melissa Ling / The Balance

Before you begin writing your job application letter, do some groundwork. Consider what information you want to include, and keep in mind that space is limited.

Remember, this letter is making a case for your candidacy for the position. But you should do more than just regurgitate your resume. Instead, highlight your most relevant skills, experiences, and abilities.

Analyze the Job Posting

To include the most convincing, relevant details in your letter, you'll need to know what the employer wants.

The biggest clues are within the job advertisement, so spend some time decoding the job listing . Next, match your qualifications with the employer's wants and needs.

Include Your Most Relevant Qualifications

Make a list of your relevant experience and skills. For instance, if the job ad calls for a strong leader, think of examples of when you've successfully led a team. Once you've jotted down some notes and have a sense of what you want to highlight in your letter, you're ready to start writing.

Writing Guidelines for Job Application Letters

Writing a job application letter is very different from a quick email to a friend or a thank-you note to a relative. Hiring managers and potential interviewers have certain expectations when it comes to the letter's presentation and appearance, from length (no more than a page) and font size to style and letter spacing . Keep these general guidelines in mind, but always stick to any explicit instructions in the job listing or application portal.

Length: A letter of application should be no more than one page long. Three to four paragraphs are typical.

Format and Page Margins: A letter of application should be single-spaced with a space between each paragraph. Use 1-inch margins and align your text to the left, which is the standard alignment for most documents.

Font: Use a traditional font such as Times New Roman, Arial, or Calibri. The font size should be between 10 and 12 points.

What to Include in Each Section of the Letter

There are also set rules for the sections included in the letter, from salutation to sign-off, and how the letter is organized. Here's a quick overview of the main sections included in a job application letter:

Heading: A job application letter should begin with both your and the employer's contact information (name, address, phone number, email), followed by the date. If this is an email rather than an actual letter, include your contact information at the end of the letter, after your signature.

•   Header Examples

Salutation: This is your polite greeting. The most common salutation is "Dear Mr./Ms." followed by the person's last name. Find out more about appropriate cover letter salutations , including what to do if you don't know the person's name or are unsure of a contact's gender.

Body of the letter: Think of this section as having three distinct parts.

In the first paragraph , you'll want to mention the job you are applying for and where you saw the job listing.

The next paragraph(s) are the most important part of your letter. Remember how you gathered information about what the employer was seeking, and how you could meet their needs? This is where you'll share those relevant details on your experience and accomplishments.

The third and last part of the body of the letter will be your thank you to the employer; you can also offer follow-up information.

Complimentary Close: Sign off your email or letter with a polite close, such as "Best," or "Sincerely," followed by your name.

• Closing Examples

Signature: When you're sending or uploading a printed letter, end with your handwritten signature, followed by your typed name. If this is an email, simply include your typed name, followed by your contact information.

• Signature Examples

Overwhelmed by all these formatting and organization requirements? One way to make the process of writing a job application easier is to use a template to create your own personalized letters. Having a template can help save you time if you are sending a lot of application letters.

Be sure that each letter you send is personalized to the company and position; do not send the same letter to different companies.

• Always write one. Unless a job posting explicitly says not to send a letter of application or cover letter, you should always send one. Even if the company does not request a letter of application, it never hurts to include one. If they do ask you to send a letter, make sure to follow the directions exactly (for example, they might ask you to send the letter as an email attachment or type it directly into their online application system).
• Use business letter format. Use a formal business letter format when writing your letter. Include your contact information at the top, the date, and the employer’s contact information. Be sure to provide a salutation at the beginning and your signature at the end.
• Sell yourself. Throughout the letter, focus on how you would benefit the company. Provide specific examples of times when you demonstrated skills or abilities that would be useful for the job, especially those listed in the job posting or description. If possible, include examples of times when you added value to a company.

Numerical values offer concrete evidence of your skills and accomplishments.

• Use keywords. Reread the job listing, taking note of any keywords (such as skills or abilities that are emphasized in the listing). Try to include some of those words in your cover letter. This will help the employer see that you are a strong fit for the job.
• Keep it brief. Keep your letter under a page long, with no more than about four paragraphs. An employer is more likely to read a concise letter.
• Proofread and edit. Employers are likely to overlook an application with a lot of errors. Read through your cover letter, and if possible, ask a friend or career counselor to review the letter. Proofread for any grammar or spelling errors.

This is a job application letter sample.  Download the letter template (compatible with Google Docs or Word Online) or read the example below.

Sample Job Application Letter (Text Version)

Elizabeth Johnson 12 Jones Street Portland, Maine 04101 555-555-5555 elizabethjohnson@emailaddress.com

August 11, 2024

Mark Smith Human Resources Manager Veggies to Go 238 Main Street Portland, Maine 04101

Dear Mr. Smith,

I was so excited when my former coworker, Jay Lopez, told me about your opening for an administrative assistant in your Portland offices. A long-time Veggies to Go customer and an experienced admin, I would love to help the company achieve its mission of making healthy produce as available as takeout.

I’ve worked for small companies for my entire career, and I relish the opportunity to wear many hats and work with the team to succeed. In my latest role as an administrative assistant at Beauty Corp, I saved my employer thousands of dollars in temp workers by implementing a self-scheduling system for the customer service reps that cut down on canceled shifts. I also learned web design and timesheet coding, and I perfected my Excel skills. 

I’ve attached my resume for your consideration and hope to speak with you soon about your needs for the role.

Best Regards,

Elizabeth Johnson (signature hard copy letter)

Elizabeth Johnson

When you are sending your letter via email include the reason you are writing in the subject line of your message:

Subject Line Example

Subject: Elizabeth Johnson – Administrative Assistant Position

List your contact information in your signature, rather than in the body of the letter:

Email Signature Example

Elizabeth Johnson 555-555-5555 email@emailaddress.com

Review more examples of professionally written cover letters for a variety of circumstances, occupations, and job types.

CareerOneStop. " How Do I Write a Cover Letter? "

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Cover Letter Templates

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Make a cover letter that stands out using Visme’s professionally designed templates. All of our cover letter templates are built with proven color schemes and layouts designed to impress employers. Customize colors, fonts and design to match your personality and experience.

Build your cover letter

Visme’s cover letter maker comes with a drag-and-drop builder that’s perfect for both designers and non-designers. Add your headshot, update colors and fonts, and tap into thousands of free icons, shapes and lines to personalize your cover letter design.

Customize every aspect of your cover letter to match your personality

All Visme cover letter templates are easy to customize for a personalized look. Pick a font that’s easy to read and matches your design, and style it any way you like. Choose a preset color theme that goes well with your personality or add your own colors. Replace the icons with ones you love, and even add your own signature at the bottom for a professional look.

More Great Features of the Cover Letter Builder

• Dozens of stunning cover letter templates you can customize
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• Replace the preset sections with your own text, details and headshot
• Download as an image or PDF file, or generate a shareable link

Share Your Cover Letter

Visme makes it easy to create and share professional cover letters with potential employers. Once you finalize your design, you can download your cover letter as an image file or PDF. You can also share your cover letter online with a public or private Visme link.

LEARN ABOUT COVER LETTERS

What is a Cover Letter ?

A cover letter is a document you send along with your resume that provides additional information about your qualifications, experience and interest in the job that you’re applying for.

A well-designed cover letter can help you stand out from other applicants and help hiring managers better understand why you’re fit for the job, so get started creating yours now.

Use the cover letter builder to get noticed by recruiters.

The cover letter maker has dozens of beautiful and professional templates to choose from. Choose one that best fits your industry and design style, and customize it with your information to make a great first impression in front of hiring managers. It’s super easy to get started.

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Use the free online cover letter builder to land that dream job. Not only does the cover letter builder come with free templates, it’s also packed with design assets and tools to help you communicate your skills, experience and personality in the best possible way.

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Create animated and interactive cover letters that you edit and share online using Visme’s interactivity tools and custom animation.

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Choose from over a million stock photos, icons, illustrations, characters, lines, shapes and more to create your own custom cover letter design.

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Charts & Graphs

Use tables to insert your work experience, and add additional data widgets to visualize numbers, statistics and your skill level in certain areas.

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How to Make Cover Letters in 5 Steps

Create a cover letter that impresses your future employer quickly and easily with Visme. Browse dozens of professional cover letter templates and choose one that suits your industry.

Customize your cover letter and download it by following the five steps below or watching our quick video tutorial. Get started today.

• Click the “Create Your Cover Letter” button below to browse our available templates.
• Upload your headshot. Add your name, signature and contact details.
• Personalize the content and replace the icons with those relevant to your industry.
• Choose a professional font that’s easy to read and matches with your theme.
• Download as an image or PDF, or share your cover letter online using a link.

How to Use the Cover Letter Builder

Write the text for your cover letter in a document on your computer.

Click on “Create Your Cover Letter” to start using the free cover letter creator.

Upload your headshot and drag to place it in the provided section of the template you chose. You can choose to not use a photo as well.

Add your name and contact information to the template, and choose the fonts you will use for the rest of the cover letter.

Replace the placeholder letter with the text of your own cover letter.

Choose a preset color theme from the left-hand panel or change the colors of the elements one by one.

Upload your signature, resize it and drag to place it at the bottom of your cover letter.

Download your cover letter as an image or PDF to share with employers. You can also generate a private link to share your cover letter online.

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How much does it cost to create a cover letter in visme, what if i don’t want to use a cover letter template, are the icons and photos in visme free to use, are the cover letter templates completely customizable, can i use my brand kit with the cover letter maker, can i add links inside my cover letter, your cover letters deserve to be beautiful and so does the rest of your content.

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• Mar 26, 2024
• 11 min read

How to Write a Job Application Letter (Tips and Examples)

Your guide to getting your foot in the door.

Joanna Zambas

Content Manager and Career Expert

Reviewed by Chris Leitch

Do you have your heart set on a specific company but have never seen them post a single vacancy? And are you on the verge of giving up completely, and convinced you’re going to be jobless and broke for the rest of your life?

Well, don’t crumple your  perfectly written résumé  in a ball of paper just yet — there’s still hope for you!

All you need to do is write an awesome job application letter.

Application letters are a great way to get your foot in the door of a company that hasn’t advertised a position or when you’re applying for an academic program or an  internship .

So, what are you waiting for?

Read on to find out how to write a great job application letter (and land that  dream job  of yours in the process)!

What is a job application letter/email?

Whereas cover letters are used when applying for a specific vacancy, and include details which are complementary to what’s on the applicant’s résumé, application letters are submitted when there is no job opening, and they tend to be more detailed.

Unlike cover letters, which usually span about one page, application letters can be twice as long.

How should you structure your letter?

The structure and formatting of your application letter is just as important as the words you use to sell your skills and enthusiasm for the job. The pointers below will help you deliver your message in a professional and effective way.

Sender’s address

Begin your letter with your address listed in the left-hand corner of the page. In the US, it’s acceptable to list your address in the right-hand corner. (Skip this step if you’re going to send your application via email.)

If you’re applying via email, create an email address for professional use if you haven’t already. This should include your first and last names or initials — no nicknames or years of birth! Two appropriate examples are [email protected] and [email protected] .

As with any official letter, include the date of your letter below your address.

Subject line

The  subject of your email  should make the manager want to read more and not automatically press the “Delete” button. It could be something like: “Social Media Expert with over 5 Years of Experience”.

Inside address

The company’s address should appear a few lines below your address and the date. Skip this if you’re sending an email.

As with any formal letter, you need to open with the correct formal salutation (such as “Dear Mr [surname]” or “Dear Ms [surname]”).

It’s also best to find out who the head of the department is, and address your letter directly to them to show that you’ve taken the time to really do your research. If you begin with “Dear Hiring Manager”, for example, you’re potentially destroying your chances of getting the job you’re applying for.

Opening paragraph

The opening paragraph should provide details on why you’re getting in touch.

Think about what you want to achieve with this letter before forming your answer. For example, you could say that it’s been a dream of yours to work for the company and that you feel that, given the chance, you’d love to bring new skills and ideas to the table. You can also highlight any qualifications you have here.

Middle paragraph(s)

This is where you will explain why you’re suitable for the position by listing skills you’ve developed through previous work experience . Remember that this shouldn’t be a word-for-word copy of your résumé; rather, you should use this as an opportunity to expand on notable achievements.

And make sure you tailor the content of your letter to the particular job title and company you’re applying to — you don’t want to ramble on about irrelevant details.

Final paragraph

Finally, focus on what you bring to the table and how the company can benefit from your skills and experience. If you have statistics and figures to back up your claims, even better!

For example, if you’re an experienced project manager, you could say how you want to showcase your leadership skills and help the company reach its desired turnover, and then back this up with statistics on how you did just that in previous positions.

You should close your letter with a call-to-action. For example, you could say something like: “I look forward to hearing back from you to discuss any possibilities”. And don’t forget to thank the reader for their time!

Your name and signature

If you’re sending this by snail mail, opt for a handwritten signature. If, on the other hand, you’re sending an email, simply write your name, followed by your contact information.

Most application letter templates (and formal letter templates in general) use the Times New Roman typeface at 12 points. Other recommended fonts include Arial, Georgia and Calibri.

Tips for writing your letter

When it’s time to write an application letter, bear the following points in mind to ensure that your document captures the hiring manager’s attention and successfully creates the impression that you’d make a good fit for their company.

1. Include bullet points

Bullet points can be used as an effective formatting tool when writing your application letter. They can demonstrate points clearly and concisely, as well as help with the overall layout, allowing for bite-sized, readable chunks of information.

2. Make sure the language you use is easy to read

You might be a literary wizard , but those long words won’t impress the hiring manager if they make your letter difficult to read.

3. Use positive language

Positivity is the way forward when it comes to selling your skills to a potential employer. Therefore, you should use positive words when explaining your previous work experience.

These words include “assisted”, “conducted”, “executed”, “proposed” and “recommended”, which (when used right) can demonstrate your contribution and dedication to your role and organization.

4. Be creative

Depending on the industry that you’re interested in, you can be a bit creative with your approach . This means that you don’t have to follow the conventional structure of a cover letter, and can instead adopt a more story-like approach.

Should you add any attachments?

Since application letters are not submitted in response to particular job ads, but rather serve as an inquiry into any unadvertised openings which may be available, they tend to be standalone documents. That is to say they are not typically accompanied by other files.

Whereas cover letters are concise, tailored to the job posting and accompanied by résumés, your letter of application will be a more extensive account of your skills and experiences.

That being said, if you’re applying for a creative position such as that of a video editor or blog writer, it makes sense to include a few samples of your work that best represent your talent and ability.

Job application letter samples

The following application letter samples can give you an idea as to what to include in your letter, as well as how to structure it effectively.

1. Job application email sample

Dear Mr Cannon,

I have long been following your company’s growth and progress, being extremely passionate about clean, renewable energy. I remember coming across XYZ Renewables back in the early 2000s, when it was still in its early startup stages, and I admire how your leadership has grown the company since.

Having gained extensive experience as a solar consultant over the last decade, I have kept an eye out for any job opportunities with XYZ Renewables. This is why I am writing to you today: to express a keen interest in working with you in the future, should any solar consultation vacancies become available at your company.

In my current role at ABC Energies, I train new hires in advising and liaising with clients, as well as in designing and installing solar systems that cater to the needs and budget of our clients. I carry out the same duties myself, and have been commended for my customer service skills and technical know-how in solar systems installations. Over the last year, I have overseen and facilitated transactions totaling upwards of $1 million.

I appreciate you taking the time to read through my application. I hope that my skills and work experience can contribute to a fruitful collaboration down the line.

Yours sincerely,

Mark Rowling

2. Internship application email sample

Dear Ms Kipling,

Ever since I was a sophomore in high school, I’ve dreamed about pursuing an undergraduate degree in interior design and going on to work for an award-winning architectural firm. During my studies at AB College, where I graduated from just over a month ago, I became exposed to the works of various such firms, including your own.

XY Designs stood out to me for the simplicity of its designs (I am also a fan of Scandinavian interiors!) as well as its clever use of natural lighting and earthy colors and textures. In particular, I was impressed with the renovation of the Workwell coworking space you undertook and completed in 2022.

I believe that working alongside the designers on your team and under your mentorship would be an invaluable experience, which is why I am reaching out to enquire about any potential internship opportunities you may have this coming summer. During my studies, I have become proficient in using SketchUp and 3Ds Max, and completed my final project on Scandinavian interiors and architecture specifically. I am attaching a link to my final project portfolio below.

Thank you for your time, and I hope to hear back from you soon.

Respectfully,

3. Academic application letter sample

Gregory Allen Department of English AB University Syracuse, NY

Tuesday, March 26, 2024

Dear Mr Allen,

During my undergraduate studies in animation, I discovered — quite unexpectedly — a passion for writing, and specifically writing for film and television. Although up until that point I had believed myself to be a VFX artist in the making, the discovery caused me to reconsider. Today, I am writing to express my interest in the Creative Writing MA program at AB University.

During my final year at Arts College, I produced a screenplay for a short film, and found that setting up the scene and creating a whole new world in words was far more fascinating to me than trying to recreate it by moving around and rendering pixels on a screen. I received the highest mark out of everyone on my course for that piece of writing; and that was followed by my screenwriting professor’s recommendation: the way he spoke about AB University’s history and faculty removed any sort of doubt from my mind. It all became clear: this was to be my new path.

I have attached some writing samples, as per the application guidelines: my final-year screenplay as well as two pieces of prose I wrote in my free time. I hope that you may consider my application for a spot on the Creative Writing course.

I look forward to hearing back from you. Thank you for your time!

Best wishes,

Things to remember

From writing the first draft of your application letter to editing it and adding the final touches, remember to do the following:

1. Do your research

Research is one of the most important steps when it comes to  job searching ; you need to make sure that you know all there is about the organization you’re targeting and you should have a clear understanding of what their company culture is like.

2. Don’t forget to proofread

This goes without saying, but never send your application letter off without proofreading it. With so many readily available editing tools online, there’s no excuse for a careless typo or wordy sentences. Grammarly and Hemmingway are two of the most popular programs to help you perfect your writing.

3. Use their style of writing

You can usually guess a company’s style of writing from their website and publications. So, it’s important to try and keep your letter in line with this so they can see that you’re a real match for the position and that they’d be silly to not invite you for an interview.

Final thoughts

Whether you go to write a cover letter or an application letter, or even to put together a portfolio for a prospective employer to see, the same thing applies: everything you include must be related to the position you’re hoping to land.

So, before you’ve started writing, take time to consider which of your skills, qualities and achievements best portray you as a strong candidate , and how you can best convey your interest in (and suitability for) the company as a whole.

Have you ever written an application letter before? Do you have any other tips to share with fellow jobseekers? Leave us a comment in the comments section below!

Originally published on August 21, 2018. Updated by Electra Michaelidou.

Finding a Job

Job Applications

how to write application letter for any vacant position

• Career Advice

• Posted On: 2024-08-31
• Posted By: Shacara

Understanding the Purpose of an Application Letter

Structure of an application letter.

• Begin with your full name, address, phone number, and email address. This information should be prominently displayed at the top of the letter.
• Include the date you are writing the letter. This is important for record-keeping and ensures the employer knows when you applied.
• Include the name of the hiring manager (if known), their title, the company’s name, and the company’s address. If you don’t have a specific name, addressing the letter to “Hiring Manager” is acceptable.
• Use a formal greeting, such as "Dear [Hiring Manager’s Name]," or "Dear Sir/Madam." Avoid casual greetings.
• Start your letter with a brief introduction. Mention that you are applying for any vacant position at the company and explain why you are interested in working there. This section should capture the employer’s attention and set the tone for the rest of the letter.
• Highlight Relevant Skills: Even though you’re applying for a general position, focus on the skills and experiences that make you a strong candidate. Mention any transferable skills that could be valuable in multiple roles.
• Demonstrate Flexibility: Emphasize your adaptability and willingness to take on various tasks or roles within the company. Share examples from past experiences where you successfully adapted to new responsibilities.
• Show Enthusiasm: Express your passion for the industry and the company. Employers are often drawn to candidates who show genuine interest in their business and its success.
• Conclude your letter by reiterating your interest in the company and your readiness to contribute in any capacity. Thank the employer for considering your application and express your eagerness for an interview. End with a professional closing phrase such as "Sincerely" or "Best regards," followed by your full name.
• If you’re submitting a hard copy, leave space for your handwritten signature above your typed name. For electronic submissions, a typed signature is sufficient.

Tips for Writing an Effective Application Letter

Sample application letter for any vacant position, sample 2: for an entry-level position, sample 3: for a part-time or temporary position, sample 4: for a general labor position, sample 5: for a creative position, get ahead of the competition.

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Professional Job Rejection Letter Sample and Template

A job rejection letter can be a disheartening experience for any unsuccessful applicant, but it is a crucial part of the hiring process. An employment rejection letter is a simple, often brief document that carries the weight of a final response from the company. Rejection letters are a way of delivering the necessary news, and when done with the right technique and empathy, they can leave a positive impression on the candidates and maintain the company’s reputation. It is very important to set the right tone at the start of the rejection letter in order to ensure that you don’t end up disheartening the candidate. Whether you are a hiring manager or a startup looking to hire candidates, this blog will help you create a well-crafted job rejection letter for candidates who do not make it past the selection process. Plus we will share free-to-use templates for your easy use.

Why Send a Rejection Letter? 

For candidates who invested time and effort into the application process but, a formal rejection letter reflects the company’s professionalism and respect to them. Whether successful or not,  responding to all candidates enhances the organization’s reputation as this reflects that the company values every individual. Though being rejected for now, a thoughtful rejection letter can leave the doors open for candidates to apply for future positions, ensuring a continued pool of talent. A rejection letter also offers closure to applicants, they do not have to unnecessarily wait for the organization’s response to their selection and they can move on to apply and focus on other companies. This offers an opportunity for constructive feedback to know what went wrong and how they can improve next time.

Components of a Professional Rejection Letter

A professional rejection letter must be concise, clear, and considerate. You would not want to agitate the candidate while you share the bad news with him. Here are some key components that are a must in a professional rejection letter.

• Salutation: Address the candidate by name to give a personalized touch to the letter.
• Formal Greeting and Subject Line: Greet them warmly and clearly mention the subject line, there is no need to beat around the bush in this case.
• Expression of gratitude for the application: Begin with a note of gratitude for their interest in the position and the time that was spent on the application process. Thank them for their patience and support throughout the process.
• Clear Statement of Rejection: Clearly state that they have not been selected for the position.
• Brief Reason For The Rejection and Constructive Feedback: Provide a brief reason as to why the application was rejected and share constructive feedback on their application or interview performance. Though the feedback is not necessary, it can be very useful and give candidates a sense of reason.
• Encouragement for Future Applications: Encourage the candidate to apply for future openings and to stay in touch.
• Best Wishes and Sign-off : Close the letter with a positive note, wishing them success, and sign off professionally with your name and position within the organization.

Sample Job Rejection Letter

Here are the two rejection letter templates that you can have a look at and use.

Example 1: Standard Rejection Letter

Subject: Application for [Job Title] Position

Dear [Candidate’s Name],

Thank you for your interest in the [Job Title] position at [Company Name]. We appreciate the time and effort you invested in the application process and enjoyed getting to know you through your resume and interview.

After careful consideration, we regret to inform you that we have decided to move forward with another candidate who more closely meets our current needs. This decision was not easy, given your impressive skills and qualifications.

We encourage you to apply for future openings at [Company Name]. Please feel free to stay in touch with us and keep an eye on our career page for new opportunities.

Thank you again for your interest in our company. We wish you the best of luck in your job search and future endeavors.

[Your Name]  

[Your Job Title]  

[Company Name]

 Example 2: Personalized Rejection Letter with Feedback

Subject: Application for [Job Title] Position 

Dear [Candidate’s Name], 

We appreciate your application for the [Job Title] position at [Company Name]. It was a pleasure to learn more about your background and achievements. 

While we were impressed with your experience and skills, we have decided to pursue another candidate whose background more closely aligns with our current requirements. Specifically, we are looking for someone with more experience in [specific area or skill]. 

We were genuinely impressed with your [specific positive attribute or accomplishment] and believe you have a great deal to offer. We encourage you to apply for future positions that match your expertise and interests. Feel free to reach out and stay in touch. 

Thank you for considering [Company Name] as a potential employer. We wish you every success in your career endeavors. 

Best regards, 

[Your Name]   

[Your Job Title]   

[Company Name] 

Above are the two decline letter templates for your use case but they can not fit every scenario. Be sure to customize the templates for different situations. For example, if the reason for rejection was lack of experience, you can mention that or if the assignment that was given to them was not up to the mark then you can write that.

Here are some tips that can help you personalize the rejection letter-

• Keep it personal, always address with the candidate’s name.
• If you were the one who conducted the interview, you could mention any part of the conversation that stuck with you.
• Offer constructive feedback that can help the candidate
• Proofread the complete draft before sending
• Wish them well and motivate them to stay in touch
• Sign off with your name and number so that they can connect if they want any information

Common Mistakes to Avoid

While a job rejection letter looks easy and straightforward, a slight miss out can do a lot of damage. Ensure you avoid certain pitfalls that can undermine the effectiveness of the letter and even the company’s reputation:

•  Being vague or overly harsh: Avoid using a one-size-fits-all template that fails to address the candidate personally. Do not be harsh or someone who is pointing out just mistakes. Tailor the letter well and show genuine appreciation. Encourage the candidate for future applications.
• Delaying the rejection letter: The letter will lose its effectiveness if it’s delayed. This is a part of Post-interview communication and should be sent within 24 hours of the application being rejected.
• Overly lengthy: Ensure that the rejection letter is crisp and concise. Long-winded explanations can dilute the core message.
• Not providing any feedback: though providing feedback is not possible all the time, if you choose to give it, ensure it is specific and constructive. Vague comments can confuse or frustrate candidates.

Read More: Job Offer Letter Template

Writing a job rejection letter is not easy, and is a delicate task as you are somewhere dealing with the candidates’ emotions. This requires a balance of professionalism, empathy, and clarity. Rejection letters are an important part of the hiring process and can help you in many ways.

By understanding and incorporating key components like personalized salutations, specific recruitment feedback, thank-you notes and you can leave candidates feeling respected and valued while also working towards the organization’s reputation. Be gentle, specific, and professional.

Do not forget to use the templates shared above and avoid common mistakes to ensure a positive experience for all applicants.

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• Your 2021 New Jersey gross income was not more than $250,000.

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Do not include the deceased spouse's name on the application.

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• Your principal residence (main home) was completely exempt from paying property taxes;
• You made P.I.L.O.T. (Payments-in-Lieu-of-Tax) payments to your municipality. These payments are not considered property taxes for purposes of the ANCHOR benefit for homeowners.

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• Property you owned and rented to someone else.

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If you were a resident of a continuing care retirement community and your continuing care contract required you to pay the proportionate share of property taxes attributable to the unit, you are considered a homeowner for purposes of applying for the ANCHOR benefit. You are not considered to be living in a multiple-unit property. Answer "no" to the multi-unit question when filing.

Assisted Living Facilities (ALFs). If you own a home, but were a temporary resident of an ALF, and you maintained your primary domicile, you are eligible to apply for the ANCHOR benefit. You must file for the home that you owned on October 1 of the application year.

If you remain in an ALF and permanently changed your primary domicile to the facility address, you should not file the application.

What You Need to File

You will need the assigned property identification number and PIN/Passcode of your principal residence (main home) you owned and occupied on October 1, 2021, to file online. Also, be prepared to provide your:

• Social Security number (SSN) or Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN) and, if applicable, the SSN/ITIN of your spouse or civil union partner;
• New Jersey gross income from line 29 of your 2021 or 2023 NJ-1040. (If you are not required to file an NJ-1040 for either 2021 or 2023, report "0.");
• 2021 filing status ;
• Date of birth and, if applicable, your spouse's/CU partner's date of birth;
• Driver's License or state Non-Driver Identification Card number.

You will also be asked if:

You owned the property with someone who is not your spouse/CU partner. If yes, what percentage did you own?

If you owned the property with someone who was not your spouse/civil union partner and there is no percentage preprinted on your application, you must file a Special Circumstances Application .

The property had more than one unit. If yes, what percentage of the property did you use as your main home?

If the property consisted of more than one residential unit and there is no percentage preprinted on your application, you must file a Special Circumstances Application . You do not qualify if your property has more than four units or if it has more than one commercial unit.

Confirmation Number

If you received an "ANCHOR Benefit Confirmation Letter," keep the letter as proof of your eligibility. We will file an application on your behalf. You may check the status of your benefit. If any of the information in your letter needs to be changed, file an application online .

If you filed online, you must choose CONFIRM at the end to receive your confirmation number. Keep this number for your records as proof that you filed an ANCHOR application.

Renter Eligibility Requirements

You are eligible for an ANCHOR benefit based on 2021 residency, income, and age, if you met these requirements:

• Your 2021 New Jersey gross income was not more than $150,000; and
• Your name was on the lease or rental agreement; and
• You paid rent; and
• You rented and occupied a residence in New Jersey that was your principal residence (main home) on October 1, 2021; and
• The rental property was subject to local property taxes, (see Qualified and Non-Qualified Rental Properties).

Social Security number (SSN) / Individual Taxpayer Identification number (ITIN) and, if applicable, the SSN/ ITIN of your spouse or civil union partner;

• New Jersey gross income from line 29 of your 2021 or 2023 New Jersey Income Tax return (NJ 1040). If you are not required to file an NJ-1040, report"0.";
• Date of birth and, if applicable, your spouse's/CU partner's date of birth.

You will also be asked:

• If you/spouse/CU partner were blind/disabled as of December 31, 2021;
• If you shared rent with anyone other than your spouse/CU partner on October 1, 2021;
• For the names of all other renters, if any, sharing the rent on that property;
• For your routing and account number from your bank, if requesting a direct deposit of your benefit.

If you received an "ANCHOR Benefit Confirmation Letter," the letter is your confirmation of filing. Keep the letter for your records. If you file online, you must choose CONFIRM at the end to receive your confirmation number. Keep this number for your records as proof that you filed an ANCHOR application.

You will be asked to enter the amount of your gross income from line 29 of your 2021 New Jersey Income Tax return (NJ-1040). If you do not have your 2021 NJ-1040 you may enter the gross income amount from your 2023 NJ-1040. If you were not required to file a New Jersey Income Tax return, report zero as your gross income.

If an eligible renter died before filing an application, either the surviving spouse/civil union partner or a personal representative should file the application.

Surviving Spouse/Civil Union Partner. Enter only your name on the application, even if your spouse/CU partner died during 2021 and your filing status is married/CU couple, filing joint return.

Personal Representative. If you are filing on behalf of an eligible renter who died on or after October 1, 2021, you must:

• Enter the decedent's last name, first name, and initial, followed by "estate of;" and
• Enter the mailing address where the check is to be sent (if not choosing direct deposit); and
• Check the box indicating the renter is deceased. You may be asked for documentation at a later date.

A personal representative filing on behalf of a deceased renter must sign in his or her official capacity. If it is a joint application, the surviving spouse/civil union partner must also sign (if filing by paper).

If there is no personal representative for the deceased renter, the spouse/CU partner signs the application and writes "Filing as Surviving Spouse" or "Filing as surviving Civil Union Partner" in the signature section (if filing by paper).

The address you use to claim the ANCHOR benefit must have been your main home on October 1, 2021. In general, your residence must have been subject to property tax.

Qualified Rental Properties

P.I.L.O.T (Payment In Lieu Of Taxes). There is one type of property that is exempt from the property tax requirement. Renters who lived in rental units that operate under a P.I.L.O.T agreement with their municipality are eligible to apply for the ANCHOR benefit.

Mobile Homes. If you owned or rented a mobile home that was located in a mobile home park, you are considered a renter for purposes of applying for the ANCHOR benefit.

Condominiums and Co-ops. If you rented a condominium unit or a unit in a cooperative housing complex, you are considered a renter for purposes of applying for the ANCHOR benefit.

Non-Qualified Rental Properties

Renters who lived in the following types of residences do not qualify to apply for the ANCHOR benefit:

• Tax-exempt housing or other residences owned by New Jersey, county, municipal, or federal government;
• On-campus apartments at New Jersey colleges and universities;
• Residences owned by religious, charitable, or other non-profit organizations (including on-campus apartments at private nonprofit colleges and universities); and
• All other properties exempt from local property taxes.

If you are not sure whether the residence you rented was subject to local property taxes, contact your building manager or the municipal tax assessor for information.

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The University of Chicago The Law School

Abrams environmental law clinic—significant achievements for 2023-24, protecting our great lakes, rivers, and shorelines.

The Abrams Clinic represents Friends of the Chicago River and the Sierra Club in their efforts to hold Trump Tower in downtown Chicago accountable for withdrawing water illegally from the Chicago River. To cool the building, Trump Tower draws water at high volumes, similar to industrial factories or power plants, but Trump Tower operated for more than a decade without ever conducting the legally required studies to determine the impact of those operations on aquatic life or without installing sufficient equipment to protect aquatic life consistent with federal regulations. After the Clinic sent a notice of intent to sue Trump Tower, the State of Illinois filed its own case in the summer of 2018, and the Clinic moved successfully to intervene in that case. In 2023-24, motions practice and discovery continued. Working with co-counsel at Northwestern University’s Pritzker Law School’s Environmental Advocacy Center, the Clinic moved to amend its complaint to include Trump Tower’s systematic underreporting each month of the volume of water that it intakes from and discharges to the Chicago River. The Clinic and co-counsel addressed Trump Tower’s motion to dismiss some of our clients’ claims, and we filed a motion for summary judgment on our claim that Trump Tower has committed a public nuisance. We also worked closely with our expert, Dr. Peter Henderson, on a supplemental disclosure and on defending an additional deposition of him. In summer 2024, the Clinic is defending its motion for summary judgment and challenging Trump Tower’s own motion for summary judgment. The Clinic is also preparing for trial, which could take place as early as fall 2024.

Since 2016, the Abrams Clinic has worked with the Chicago chapter of the Surfrider Foundation to protect water quality along the Lake Michigan shoreline in northwest Indiana, where its members surf. In April 2017, the U. S. Steel plant in Portage, Indiana, spilled approximately 300 pounds of hexavalent chromium into Lake Michigan. In January 2018, the Abrams Clinic filed a suit on behalf of Surfrider against U. S. Steel, alleging multiple violations of U. S. Steel’s discharge permits; the City of Chicago filed suit shortly after. When the US government and the State of Indiana filed their own, separate case, the Clinic filed extensive comments on the proposed consent decree. In August 2021, the court entered a revised consent decree which included provisions advocated for by Surfrider and the City of Chicago, namely a water sampling project that alerts beachgoers as to Lake Michigan’s water quality conditions, better notifications in case of future spills, and improvements to U. S. Steel’s operations and maintenance plans. In the 2023-24 academic year, the Clinic successfully litigated its claims for attorneys’ fees as a substantially prevailing party. Significantly, the court’s order adopted the “Fitzpatrick matrix,” used by the US Attorney’s Office for the District of Columbia to determine appropriate hourly rates for civil litigants, endorsed Chicago legal market rates as the appropriate rates for complex environmental litigation in Northwest Indiana, and allowed for partially reconstructed time records. The Clinic’s work, which has received significant media attention, helped to spawn other litigation to address pollution by other industrial facilities in Northwest Indiana and other enforcement against U. S. Steel by the State of Indiana.

In Winter Quarter 2024, Clinic students worked closely with Dr. John Ikerd, an agricultural economist and emeritus professor at the University of Missouri, to file an amicus brief in Food & Water Watch v. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency . In that case pending before the Ninth Circuit, Food & Water Watch argues that US EPA is illegally allowing Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations, more commonly known as factory farms, to pollute waterways significantly more than is allowable under the Clean Water Act. In the brief for Dr. Ikerd and co-amici Austin Frerick, Crawford Stewardship Project, Family Farm Defenders, Farm Aid, Missouri Rural Crisis Center, National Family Farm Coalition, National Sustainable Agriculture Coalition, and Western Organization of Resource Councils, we argued that EPA’s refusal to regulate CAFOs effectively is an unwarranted application of “agricultural exceptionalism” to industrial agriculture and that EPA effectively distorts the animal production market by allowing CAFOs to externalize their pollution costs and diminishing the ability of family farms to compete. Attorneys for the litigants will argue the case in September 2024.

Energy and Climate

Energy justice.

The Abrams Clinic supported grassroots organizations advocating for energy justice in low-income communities and Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) communities in Michigan. With the Clinic’s representation, these organizations intervened in cases before the Michigan Public Service Commission (MPSC), which regulates investor-owned utilities. Students conducted discovery, drafted written testimony, cross-examined utility executives, participated in settlement discussions, and filed briefs for these projects. The Clinic’s representation has elevated the concerns of these community organizations and forced both the utilities and regulators to consider issues of equity to an unprecedented degree. This year, on behalf of Soulardarity (Highland Park, MI), We Want Green, Too (Detroit, MI), and Urban Core Collective (Grand Rapids, MI), Clinic students engaged in eight contested cases before the MPSC against DTE Electric, DTE Gas, and Consumers Energy, as well as provided support for our clients’ advocacy in other non-contested MPSC proceedings.

The Clinic started this past fall with wins in three cases. First, the Clinic’s clients settled with DTE Electric in its Integrated Resource Plan case. The settlement included an agreement to close the second dirtiest coal power plant in Michigan three years early, $30 million from DTE’s shareholders to assist low-income customers in paying their bills, and $8 million from DTE’s shareholders toward a community fund that assists low-income customers with installing energy efficiency improvements, renewable energy, and battery technology. Second, in DTE Electric’s 2023 request for a rate hike (a “rate case”), the Commission required DTE Electric to develop a more robust environmental justice analysis and rejected the Company’s second attempt to waive consumer protections through a proposed electric utility prepayment program with a questionable history of success during its pilot run. The final Commission order and the administrative law judge’s proposal for final decision cited the Clinic’s testimony and briefs. Third, in Consumers Electric’s 2023 rate case, the Commission rejected the Company’s request for a higher ratepayer-funded return on its investments and required the Company to create a process that will enable intervenors to obtain accurate GIS data. The Clinic intends to use this data to map the disparate impact of infrastructure investment in low-income and BIPOC communities.

In the winter, the Clinic filed public comments regarding DTE Electric and Consumers Energy’s “distribution grid plans” (DGP) as well as supported interventions in two additional cases: Consumers Energy’s voluntary green pricing (VGP) case and the Clinic’s first case against the gas utility DTE Gas. Beginning with the DGP comments, the Clinic first addressed Consumers’s 2023 Electric Distribution Infrastructure Investment Plan (EDIIP), which detailed current distribution system health and the utility’s approximately $7 billion capital project planning ($2 billion of which went unaccounted for in the EDIIP) over 2023–2028. The Clinic then commented on DTE Electric’s 2023 DGP, which outlined the utility’s opaque project prioritization and planned more than $9 billion in capital investments and associated maintenance over 2024–2028. The comments targeted four areas of deficiencies in both the EDIIP and DGP: (1) inadequate consideration of distributed energy resources (DERs) as providing grid reliability, resiliency, and energy transition benefits; (2) flawed environmental justice analysis, particularly with respect to the collection of performance metrics and the narrow implementation of the Michigan Environmental Justice Screen Tool; (3) inequitable investment patterns across census tracts, with emphasis on DTE Electric’s skewed prioritization for retaining its old circuits rather than upgrading those circuits; and (4) failing to engage with community feedback.

For the VGP case against Consumers, the Clinic supported the filing of both an initial brief and reply brief requesting that the Commission reject the Company’s flawed proposal for a “community solar” program. In a prior case, the Clinic advocated for the development of a community solar program that would provide low-income, BIPOC communities with access to clean energy. As a result of our efforts, the Commission approved a settlement agreement requiring the Company “to evaluate and provide a strawman recommendation on community solar in its Voluntary Green Pricing Program.” However, the Company’s subsequent proposal in its VGP case violated the Commission’s order because it (1) was not consistent with the applicable law, MCL 460.1061; (2) was not a true community solar program; (3) lacked essential details; (4) failed to compensate subscribers sufficiently; (5) included overpriced and inflexible subscriptions; (6) excessively limited capacity; and (7) failed to provide a clear pathway for certain participants to transition into other VGP programs. For these reasons, the Clinic argued that the Commission should reject the Company’s proposal.

In DTE Gas’s current rate case, the Clinic worked with four witnesses to develop testimony that would rebut DTE Gas’s request for a rate hike on its customers. The testimony advocated for a pathway to a just energy transition that avoids dumping the costs of stranded gas assets on the low-income and BIPOC communities that are likely to be the last to electrify. Instead, the testimony proposed that the gas and electric utilities undertake integrated planning that would prioritize electric infrastructure over gas infrastructure investment to ensure that DTE Gas does not over-invest in gas infrastructure that will be rendered obsolete in the coming decades. The Clinic also worked with one expert witness to develop an analysis of DTE Gas’s unaffordable bills and inequitable shutoff, deposit, and collections practices. Lastly, the Clinic offered testimony on behalf of and from community members who would be directly impacted by the Company’s rate hike and lack of affordable and quality service. Clinic students have spent the summer drafting an approximately one-hundred-page brief making these arguments formally. We expect the Commission’s decision this fall.

Finally, both DTE Electric and Consumers Energy have filed additional requests for rate increases after the conclusion of their respective rate cases filed in 2023. On behalf of our Clients, the Clinic has intervened in these cases, and clinic students have already reviewed thousands of pages of documents and started to develop arguments and strategies to protect low-income and BIPOC communities from the utility’s ceaseless efforts to increase the cost of energy.

Corporate Climate Greenwashing

The Abrams Environmental Law Clinic worked with a leading international nonprofit dedicated to using the law to protect the environment to research corporate climate greenwashing, focusing on consumer protection, green financing, and securities liability. Clinic students spent the year examining an innovative state law, drafted a fifty-page guide to the statute and relevant cases, and examined how the law would apply to a variety of potential cases. Students then presented their findings in a case study and oral presentation to members of ClientEarth, including the organization’s North American head and members of its European team. The project helped identify the strengths and weaknesses of potential new strategies for increasing corporate accountability in the fight against climate change.

Land Contamination, Lead, and Hazardous Waste

The Abrams Clinic continues to represent East Chicago, Indiana, residents who live or lived on or adjacent to the USS Lead Superfund site. This year, the Clinic worked closely with the East Chicago/Calumet Coalition Community Advisory Group (CAG) to advance the CAG’s advocacy beyond the Superfund site and the adjacent Dupont RCRA site. Through multiple forms of advocacy, the clinics challenged the poor performance and permit modification and renewal attempts of Tradebe Treatment and Recycling, LLC (Tradebe), a hazardous waste storage and recycling facility in the community. Clinic students sent letters to US EPA and Indiana Department of Environmental Management officials about how IDEM has failed to assess meaningful penalties against Tradebe for repeated violations of the law and how IDEM has allowed Tradebe to continue to threaten public and worker health and safety by not improving its operations. Students also drafted substantial comments for the CAG on the US EPA’s Lead and Copper Rule improvements, the Suppliers’ Park proposed cleanup, and Sims Metal’s proposed air permit revisions. The Clinic has also continued working with the CAG, environmental experts, and regulators since US EPA awarded $200,000 to the CAG for community air monitoring. The Clinic and its clients also joined comments drafted by other environmental organizations about poor operations and loose regulatory oversight of several industrial facilities in the area.

Endangered Species

The Abrams Clinic represented the Center for Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Hoosier Environmental Council (HEC) in litigation regarding the US Fish and Wildlife Service’s (Service) failure to list the Kirtland’s snake as threatened or endangered under the Endangered Species Act. The Kirtland’s snake is a small, secretive, non-venomous snake historically located across the Midwest and the Ohio River Valley. Development and climate change have undermined large portions of the snake’s habitat, and populations are declining. Accordingly, the Clinic sued the Service in the US District Court for the District of Columbia last summer over the Service’s denial of CBD’s request to have the Kirtland’s snake protected. This spring, the Clinic was able to reach a settlement with the Service that requires the Service to reconsider its listing decision for the Kirtland’s snake and to pay attorney fees.

The Clinic also represented CBD in preparation for litigation regarding the Service’s failure to list another species as threatened or endangered. Threats from land development and climate change have devastated this species as well, and the species has already been extirpated from two of the sixteen US states in its range. As such, the Clinic worked this winter and spring to prepare a notice of intent (NOI) to sue the Service. The Team poured over hundreds of FOIA documents and dug into the Service’s supporting documentation to create strong arguments against the Service in the imminent litigation. The Clinic will send the NOI and file a complaint in the next few months.

Students and Faculty

Twenty-four law school students from the classes of 2024 and 2025 participated in the Clinic, performing complex legal research, reviewing documents obtained through discovery, drafting legal research memos and briefs, conferring with clients, conducting cross-examination, participating in settlement conferences, and arguing motions. Students secured nine clerkships, five were heading to private practice after graduation, and two are pursuing public interest work. Sam Heppell joined the Clinic from civil rights private practice, bringing the Clinic to its full complement of three attorneys.