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About Integrated Medical Professionals (IMP) Research

Integrated medical professionals (imp) research is a multi-specialty medical clinical trial research site located in midtown manhattan. assisting some of the world's finest pharmaceutical companies uncover new treatments, we help patients better manage their healthcare. conducting clinical trials and research studies for a most medical specialties; including urology, dermatology, gastroenterology, endocrinology/diabetes, sexual dysfunction and more. we urge you to explore our website to learn about our current research study opportunities and our impressive medical staff responsible for overseeing them..

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• What Is A Clinical Trial?

New York Paid Clinical Trials

Match to clinical trials, popular cities.

When investigators decide to start a clinical trial, regulatory agencies such as the FDA and the IRB must review all plans and protocols to determine if the proposed trial is safe, ethical, and feasible. All clinical trials that recruit human participants have been reviewed and approved, and both non-paid and paid clinical research studies exist in New York.

After the study is approved the research team sets out to recruit volunteers who would like to participate in a clinical trial. Usually, volunteers are compensated for their time and travel expenses, and many paid clinical trials exist.

While one of the purposes of conducting clinical trials is testing the intervention on a large sample that would be representative of the general population, studies often have inclusion and exclusion criteria that outline who can and cannot participate. The inclusion criteria specifies the characteristics a participant must have in order to participate; for example, a liver cancer trial may have as an inclusion criteria that the participant must be a liver cancer patient.

On the other hand, the exclusion criteria outlines what type of individuals cannot participate; for example, a clinical trial testing a vitamin supplement in healthy individuals might want to disqualify participants who suffer from a serious condition and that can jeopardize the participant's ability to safely receive the experimental intervention. Due to safety concerns, pregnancy is often an exclusion criteria found in many studies.

In New York State, Columbia University and Mount Sinai Hospital are two of the largest research centers conducting clinical trials on a regular basis. As of this month, Columbia University is actively recruiting participants on at least 200 clinical trials from all phases, and Mount Sinai has over 500 active clinical trials.

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30 Biotech Companies Bolstering Life Sciences

These top biotech companies are impacting medical research and drug discovery.

While biotech has long been a vital component of the global tech market, this pivotal sector has seemingly reached new heights over the past decade. And although organizations around the world have tried to rule the life sciences space, the United States remains the undisputed biotech leader. 

Biotech Companies to Know

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According to reports , the nation’s life sciences sector alone generates over $112 billion in revenue. In light of biotech’s mounting economic impact, it’s no surprise that tech hubs across the country are witnessing a surge in life sciences companies , bolstering the nation’s status as a biotech epicenter.

Over the past couple years, the importance of the biotech industry has been even further amplified, as the world raced to create a COVID-19 vaccine.

While focus has been on combating COVID-19, the country’s biotech leaders continue to dedicate themselves to addressing other pressing medical issues. Backed by teams of world-renowned scientists and technologists, these organizations are addressing challenges across the healthcare spectrum. Whether they’re formulating new cancer treatments or harnessing the power of human genetics, the nation’s biotech companies are making a monumental impact on the future of medical research and drug discovery. 

We’ve rounded up the top biotech companies to give you a glimpse into the burgeoning life sciences sector.

Formation Bio

Location: New York, New York Formation Bio is a drug development company that uses AI to discover new drugs, and then to develop them into pharmaceutical products that are viable to bring to market. By leaning on AI for every stage of the drug development process, from research to trial design to marketing, the company is able to radically decrease the timeline that new pharmaceutical development typically follows. 

Endpoint Clinical, Inc.

Location: Wakefield, Massachusetts

Endpoint Clinical makes tech that life sciences teams rely on to keep clinical trials for medications, medical devices and other biotech products running on time, on budget and in compliance. Using interactive response technology, or IRT, Endpoint facilitates logistics including patient randomization and equipment supply chains to keep the patient-participant and drug supply sides of medication and biotech device trials on course.

Novo Nordisk

Location: Bagsværd, Denmark

Novo Nordisk has been around since the 1920s, and today focuses on developing treatments and pharmaceuticals for chronic illnesses such as diabetes and hemophilia. The company has roughly 860 research and development employees working in the United States and is conducting clinical trials in more than four dozen countries.

Location: Boston, Massachusetts

Biotech firm Asimov is a genetic design company. It uses machine learning, computer-aided design and a niche of biology known as synthetic biology — a field that redesigns existing organisms for new uses — to genetically engineer therapeutics like biologics and gene therapies. Asimov markets a platform that includes host cells, a genetic parts library, technical guides and design software for creating genetic systems in various types of cells.

Location: Menlo Park, California

GRAIL is on a mission to detect cancer at earlier stages so that it can be more easily cured. The company focuses on seeking cancer signals in the blood, guided by the belief that tumors release cell-free nucleic acids into the bloodstream, which are thought to be a direct measure of cancer and can potentially be detected before the onset of symptoms. GRAIL intends to foster a deeper understanding of cancer biology through its high-intensity sequencing assays and population-scale clinical studies.

Schrödinger, Inc.

Location:  Cambridge, Massachusetts

Schrödinger is powering drug research with its computer simulations platform. Founded in 1990, the company employs physics-based methods to evaluate chemical matter and compounds before synthesis. As a result, researchers should see faster lead discoveries, accurate property descriptions and access to large-scale molecular exploration. The company also provides integrated data and visualization tools

Location: San Diego, California

Illumina seeks to make “genomics more useful for all, for a better understanding of human health .” The company develops products for cancer research, reproductive health, genetic and rare diseases and microbial genomics.

Location:  Lexington, Massachusetts

Founded in the 18th century, Takeda is a global pharmaceutical company with a strong emphasis on research and development. The company focuses its research in several areas: oncology, rare diseases, plasma-derived therapies, vaccines, neuroscience and gastroenterology. In the U.S. alone, Takeda has created over 50 products and service programs that benefit patients and physicians.

Viome Life Sciences

Location:  Bellevue, Washington

Viome Life Sciences believes microbial and human gene expression are altering how biological activities and human health are connected. The company uses an mRNA platform to digitize human data to prevent, diagnose and treat chronic illnesses and diseases. Through the platform, consumers can receive personalized recommendations — like dietary restrictions and exercise plans — on how to live a healthy life.

Location: San Francisco, California

Invitae provides genetic testing services, the Invitae Digital Health platform to coordinate patient care, biopharma partnerships. Its products have applications for oncology, reproductive health, pediatrics, cardiology and pathology.

Variant Bio

Location:  Seattle, Washington

Variant Bio uses innovative sequence technology and studies the genetics of individuals with “exceptional health-related traits.” The company’s goal: to transform drug development as we know it today and, ultimately, find better ways to treat diseases.

Benchling is dedicated to speeding up life sciences research through its suite of unified applications, which are housed within the company’s life sciences research and development cloud. The cloud serves as a platform for centralizing and standardizing all R&D data, enabling users to track every workflow, automatically interlink related data and easily and quickly export data. Benchling’s applications can be used for the research of antibodies, cell therapy, proteins and peptides, gene therapy, vaccines and more.

Location: San Mateo, California

Helix created an end-to-end genomics platform in an effort to enable health systems, life sciences companies and payers to advance genomic research. The company’s platform allows users to deliver actionable genetic insights and conduct large-scale genetic analyses. Helix’s Exome+ assay is designed to facilitate the discovery and analysis of rare and novel variants, genome-wide imputation, polygenic risk score calculation, ancestry inference and more.

Charles River Laboratories

Location: Wilmington, Massachusetts

Charles River Laboratories ’ focus is on the quick, efficient and safe discovery and development of drugs and therapeutics. The company provides products and services that take its clients from the basic research stage to clinical development and commercialization. Its customers come from the pharmaceutical, biotech, agrochemical, and academic sectors.

Location: Rahway, New Jersey

Merck ’s efforts center around biopharmaceutical research for preventing and treating disease in people and animals with a focus on oncology, vaccines, infectious diseases, COVID-19, cardio-metabolic disorders and discovery and development.

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Location: New York, New York

Flatiron Health aims to reinvent cancer care by learning from the experiences of cancer patients. The company’s Flatiron HC platform can help providers with administrative tasks, matching patients to clinical trials they’re eligible for and accessing patient information whenever or wherever they need.

Imagen Technologies

Imagen Technologies is dedicated to making diagnostic care more accessible while eliminating errors in radiology. The company’s FDA-cleared Computer Assisted Detection and Diagnosis software applies AI technology to medical image analysis in an effort to improve patient outcomes.

Location: Chicago, Illinois

CancerIQ is dedicated to helping providers use genetic information to predict and prevent disease. The company provides user-friendly screening tools that allow healthcare providers to offer patients easy risk assessment questionnaires in waiting rooms and track patient outcomes over time to keep them engaged and informed. CancerIQ’s screening solution enables providers to replace long paper forms and quickly identify patients eligible for genetic counseling, genetic testing or an MRI.

 Location: Palo Alto, California

BridgeBio works in medicine development for patients who have genetic diseases and cancers with clear genetic drivers. The company’s partners have included St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital and The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center.

Location: Chicago, Illinois 

Neurocern aims to leverage neuroinformatics and data analytics to improve the quality of life and longevity of neurological patients. The company’s technology is designed to identify different types of dementia more effectively than other forms of diagnosis. Neurocern is guided by the belief that analytics can connect siloed markets in new ways to improve long-term care outcomes and ultimately find cures for neurodegenerative diseases.

Location: Foster City, California

Notable ’s platform aims to dramatically reduce the cost and time associated with the traditional drug development process. Powered by machine learning, automation and high-throughput flow cytometry, the company’s precision medicine platform is capable of determining which drugs or drug combinations would be most effective for specific types of cancers. Notable’s mission is to change the way clinicians and prescribers select treatments for the millions of individuals suffering from hematological cancers.

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Atomwise developed deep learning technology for the discovery of structure-based small molecule drugs. The company’s AtomNet technology utilizes a statistical approach in order to extract insights from millions of experimental affinity measurements and thousands of protein structures to predict the binding of small molecules to proteins. Atomwise’s technology removes some of the physical barriers that previously limited the success of drug discovery, and has the ability to analyze a very large chemical space to identify a small subset with high specificity for synthesis and testing.

Location: Austin, Texas

Natera is a genetic testing and diagnostics company dedicated to changing how doctors and patients manage genetic disease. The company’s solutions include personalized cancer care management, health assessments for transplant patients and women’s health testing. Natera aims to deliver technology and finely-tuned workflows that drive superior clinical and analytics performance.

ATX Therapeutics

ATX Therapeutics is dedicated to helping people more easily manage chronic health conditions such as cancer and heart disease. The company offers evidence-based digital therapeutics intervention programs, which are based on individual patients’ health history, needs and abilities. ATX Therapeutics’ programs are designed to be integrated into patient lifestyles and provider workflows to deliver a fully integrated healthcare experience.

Location: Greenwood Village, Colorado

VieCure aims to make genomic-based cancer care more accessible for patients and providers. The company’s platform operates as a point-of-care clinical decision support system that combines clinical knowledge with patient data to help oncologists generate personalized treatment plans and manage patients’ care. VieCure intends for its platform to serve as a value-added extender for every oncologist, nurse, therapist and clinical researcher.

Paige seeks to transform the diagnosis and treatment of cancer with its AI-native digital pathology ecosystem. The company’s AI suite is intended to provide data-driven insights to pathologists, clinicians and pharmaceutical teams. Paige’s aim is to propel cancer care with more powerful and efficient tools for diagnosis, treatment selection and drug development.

Location: Santa Monica, California

Quantgene aims to transform the future of medicine by unlocking the deep human genome. The company’s platform combines deep genomic sequencing and AI to detect mutational patterns of disease down to a single molecule, thus helping inform early cancer detection, prediction of disease onset and non-invasive treatment monitoring. Additionally, Quantgene’s Serenity Medical Intelligence is intended to extract vital health data from patients’ DNA so they can help protect themselves from chronic diseases, drug interactions and lifestyle risks.

Location: Cambridge, Massachusetts

Moderna is a pharmaceutical company working to use mRNA technology to develop medicines, vaccines and therapeutics. Infectious diseases, immuno-oncology, cardiovascular disease and autoimmune diseases have been among Moderna’s areas of focus.

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Strata Oncology

Location: Ann Arbor, Michigan

Strata Oncology is a genomic testing company working on precision medicine for cancer patients. The company’s StrataNGS genomic profiling test is effective for smaller tumor tissue samples compared to other tests, making testing that can inform immunotherapy decisions more accessible to patients with advanced solid tumors.

Myriad Genetics

Location: Salt Lake City, Utah

Myriad Genetics aims to provide accurate genetic insights to improve disease diagnosis, treatment and prevention. The company offers multiple testing options, including MyRisk hereditary cancer risk testing and Prequel prenatal screening.

Margo Steines and Da’Zhane Johnson contributed reporting to this story.

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Pfizer Announces Seven Of New York City’s Top Research Hospitals Join Global Centers For Therapeutic Innovation

Pfizer Also Signs Lease for Research Space at the Alexandria Center™ for Life Science - New York City

( BUSINESS WIRE )--Pfizer Inc. today announced that seven major research-based medical centers in New York City, including Rockefeller University, NYU Langone Medical Center, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, The Mount Sinai Medical Center, Columbia University Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University and Weill Cornell Medical College, have joined Pfizer’s Centers for Therapeutic Innovation, a network of partnerships that aims to speed the translation of biomedical research into life-saving medicines. The first Center was established in November of last year at the University of California, San Francisco.

Additionally, Pfizer has signed a lease at the Alexandria Center for Life Science, providing the company with research space to facilitate its New York City-based collaborations. The Alexandria Center, the first and only life science park in New York City, is home to a number of top-tier research organizations and leading life science entities. Its office and laboratory space encourages collaboration and is ideally located to facilitate close working relationships between Pfizer and its academic partners.

“Pfizer’s decision to bring its Centers for Therapeutic Innovation program to New York City is the latest affirmation of the City’s excellence in biomedical research and prominence as a center for innovation,” said Mayor Michael R. Bloomberg. “Pfizer has called New York City home for more than 160 years, and its presence at the state-of-the-art Alexandria Center for Life Science, together with its new partnerships with some of the City’s top academic medical centers, will help keep it at the forefront of discovery.”

“When I gave my strong support to the creation of the Alexandria Center for Life Science, it was clear to me that this project was the kind of bold, innovative work that could done there. The Center for Therapeutic Innovation will be capable of significantly elevating New York’s global standing as a center for bioscience advancement and opportunity. I commend Pfizer’s commitment to the Alexandria Center and to our state’s leading research institutions. Pfizer’s decision to invest considerable resources into this initiative will hopefully produce the great medical breakthroughs of tomorrow and help us conquer our most persistent diseases," Assembly Speaker Sheldon Silver said.

The Centers for Therapeutic Innovation partnerships mimic a venture capital-funded biotechnology start-up, whereby Pfizer funds pre-clinical and clinical development programs, offers equitable intellectual property and ownership rights to support continued experimentation and exploration, as well as broad rights to publication. Investigators will have access to Pfizer’s proprietary antibody libraries and advanced research tools along with technical support. Successful programs that advance to commercialization by Pfizer will be subject to license terms which will include milestone payments and royalties.

“New York City is home to a wealth of world-class biotechnology resources, including academic medical centers that have been on the leading edge of translational research – making it an ideal place to establish partnerships for our Centers for Therapeutic Innovation. Together with these outstanding academic medical centers we will more effectively delve into the deep science of disease with the goal of developing novel targets that can be applied to meet patients’ needs,” said Anthony Coyle, Ph.D., head of Pfizer’s Global Centers for Therapeutic Innovation. “Success and advancements occur when the best minds are working in unison and the Alexandria Center’s prime location and world-class lab space will serve as the perfect location to house this new partnership.”

Pfizer’s Centers for Therapeutic Innovation represents a shift in how the pharmaceutical industry will drive innovation and help patients in coming years. By enriching the discovery and development process and increase the quality of clinical trials, this program will allow more data-rich and informative human studies.

Pfizer Inc.: Working Together for a Healthier World™

At Pfizer (NYSE: PFE), we apply science and our global resources to improve health and well-being at every stage of life. We strive to set the standard for quality, safety and value in the discovery, development and manufacturing of medicines for people and animals. Our diversified global health care portfolio includes human and animal biologic and small molecule medicines and vaccines, as well as nutritional products and many of the world's best-known consumer products. Every day, Pfizer colleagues work across developed and emerging markets to advance wellness, prevention, treatments and cures that challenge the most feared diseases of our time. Consistent with our responsibility as the world's leading biopharmaceutical company, we also collaborate with health care providers, governments and local communities to support and expand access to reliable, affordable health care around the world. For more than 150 years, Pfizer has worked to make a difference for all who rely on us. To learn more about our commitments, please visit us at www.pfizer.com .

DISCLOSURE NOTICE: The information contained in this release is as of January 25, 2011. Pfizer assumes no obligation to update forward-looking statements contained in this release as the result of new information or future events or developments.

This release contains forward-looking information about partnerships with academic medical centers, including their potential benefits, that involves substantial risks and uncertainties. Such risks and uncertainties include, among other things, the uncertainties inherent in research and development; decisions by regulatory authorities regarding whether and when to approve any drug applications that may be filed for any product candidates that may result from these partnerships as well as their decisions regarding labeling and other matters that could affect the availability or commercial potential of any such product candidates; and competitive developments.

A further description of risks and uncertainties can be found in Pfizer’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2009 and in its reports on Form 10-Q and Form 8-K.

Reaction Surrounding New York City-Based Centers For Therapeutic Innovation Launch

“The biotech industry is one of the most important pieces of New York City’s innovation economy, and has great potential for job growth both today and in years to come,” said New York City Council Speaker Christine Quinn . “In the last few years the City Council has been proud to work with industry leaders on a tax credit that makes our city more attractive to biotech firms, and on initiatives that connect them with our city’s brightest talent. Pfizer’s investment today is yet another important step towards making New York City a biotech capital, and making sure the jobs of the future are located here in the five boroughs.”

Kathryn Wylde, President and CEO, Partnership for New York City: “Pfizer’s investment in this partnership with the city’s premiere research universities is an important step toward establishing New York as the world leader in the clinical application of biomedical research, with major long term benefits for our economy.”

Seth Pinsky, President, New York City Economic Development Council : Pfizer’s investment in the Center for Therapeutic Innovation is another vote of confidence in New York City’s growing bioscience sector, an industry that is key part of our emerging innovation economy,” said New York City Economic Development Corporation President Seth W. Pinsky. “As a home to world-leading centers of medical research and a leading recipient of grant funding, New York City is an ideal place for this important collaboration.”

Laura Anglin, President, Commission on Independent Colleges and Universities in New York (CICU), a membership association for the chief executive officers of more than 100 private, not-for-profit colleges and universities located in New York State, said: “Research partnerships between industry and academia are the key to innovative breakthroughs. As New York State positions itself as a world capital in technology, the Pfizer announcement is a terrific example of how our private, not-for-profit universities, medical schools and research institutions are magnets for collaborations and investments that will ensure that we can continue to break new ground in medical innovations that have commercial value.” For CICU’s membership roster, see http://www.cicu.org/about/colleges.php

Brian McMahon, Executive Director, New York State Economic Development Council : “Pfizer’s announcement today to enter into research partnerships with five leading NY academic medical centers is good news for New York State. The announcement highlights the leading position of NY private and public sector institutions in life science research. This Centers for Therapeutic Innovation initiative, the first of its kind in New York State, represents a new open source model of discovery that will combine the leading research strengths of the world’s largest pharmaceutical company with the talent of leading researchers at these NY medical centers. This will benefit New York’s innovation economy and expedite the development of new discoveries to treat and cure diseases.”

Kenneth Adams, President and CEO of The Business Council of New York State: "Pfizer's decision to place a Global Center for Therapeutic Innovation in New York is great news for our state's economy. The biomedical and life science industry is a key sector in New York's growing innovation economy. Pfizer's new center will help drive the economic growth we need in New York."

Nathan Tinker, PhD, Executive Director, New York Biotechnology Association : This is further proof of New York’s preeminent standing as a global center for life science research, development and commercialization. While there are already dozens of therapeutic products on the market that were discovered in New York’s universities and research companies, the Center for Therapeutic Innovation will offer a new, robust opportunity for New York’s leading science to make its way to patients around the world. At NYBA we say that “The Cures Start Here because the Science Starts Here,” and Pfizer’s choice to build its Center for Therapeutic Innovation at the Alexandria Center for Life Sciences in New York City is proof of this.

Pfizer Inc. Media Contact: Sperry Mylott, (203) 996-6752 Investor Relations Contact: Jennifer M. Davis, (212) 733-0717  

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Why Are Companies That Lose Money Still So Successful?

• Vijay Govindarajan,
• Shivaram Rajgopal,
• Anup Srivastava,
• Aneel Iqbal,
• Elnaz Basirian

New research on how to identify investments that produce delayed but real profits — not just those that produce short-term accounting profits.

In a well-functioning capital market, profits should be the sole criterion for firm survival; that is, firms reporting losses should disappear. Of late, however, loss-making firms are highly sought after by investors — often more than some profitable firms. Unicorns, or startups with valuations exceeding a billion dollars, are examples of such loss-making firms. What has changed over time? When and why did losses lose their meaning? The authors’ series of new research papers provide some answers, guiding managers to make the right investments: those that produce delayed but real profits — not just those that produce short-term accounting profits but decimate shareholder wealth in long run.

In 1979, psychologists Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky famously posited that losses loom larger than gains in human decision-making. For example, a dollar of loss affects our behavior more than a dollar of profits . Likewise, when a firm announces losses, its stock price declines more dramatically than it increases for the same dollar amount of profits. Investors abandon and lenders tend to stop financing loss-making firms , which then start restructuring their business lines and laying off employees. Some firms go even further, conducting M&A transactions without substance and “managing earnings” to report profits instead of a loss.

• Vijay Govindarajan is the Coxe Distinguished Professor at Dartmouth College’s Tuck School of Business, an executive fellow at Harvard Business School, and faculty partner at the Silicon Valley incubator Mach 49. He is a New York Times and Wall Street Journal bestselling author. His latest book is Fusion Strategy: How Real-Time Data and AI Will Power the Industrial Future . His Harvard Business Review articles “ Engineering Reverse Innovations ” and “ Stop the Innovation Wars ” won McKinsey Awards for best article published in HBR. His HBR articles “ How GE Is Disrupting Itself ” and “ The CEO’s Role in Business Model Reinvention ” are HBR all-time top-50 bestsellers. Follow him on LinkedIn . vgovindarajan
• Shivaram Rajgopal is the Roy Bernard Kester and T.W. Byrnes Professor of Accounting and Auditing and Vice Dean of Research at Columbia Business School. His research examines financial reporting and executive compensation issues and he is widely published in both accounting and finance.
• Anup Srivastava holds Canada Research Chair in Accounting, Decision Making, and Capital Markets and is a full professor at Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary. In a series of HBR articles, he examines the management implications of digital disruption. He specializes in the valuation and financial reporting challenges of digital companies. Follow Anup on  LinkedIn .
• Aneel Iqbal is an assistant professor at Thunderbird School of Global Management, Arizona State University. He examines the accounting measurement and financial disclosures for new-economy firms and incorporates his wide-ranging industry experience into his research and teaching. He is a seasoned accounting and finance professional with diverse experience in auditing, financial analysis, business advisory, performance management, and executive training. Follow Aneel on LinkedIn .
• Elnaz Basirian is a PhD student at the Haskayne School of Business. She examines the influence and role of intangibles in accounting and finance, aimed at improving valuation and market efficiency. She brings a decade of work experience in international financial markets. Follow Elnaz on LinkedIn .

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• Research into trans medicine has been manipulated

Court documents offer a window into how this happens

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I N APRIL HILARY CASS , a British paediatrician, published her review of gender-identity services for children and young people, commissioned by NHS England. It cast doubt on the evidence base for youth gender medicine. This prompted the World Professional Association for Transgender Health ( WPATH ), the leading professional organisation for the doctors and practitioners who provide services to trans people, to release a blistering rejoinder. WPATH said that its own guidelines were sturdier, in part because they were “based on far more systematic reviews”.

Systematic reviews should evaluate the evidence for a given medical question in a careful, rigorous manner. Such efforts are particularly important at the moment, given the feverish state of the American debate on youth gender medicine, which is soon to culminate in a Supreme Court case challenging a ban in Tennessee. The case turns, in part, on questions of evidence and expert authority.

Court documents recently released as part of the discovery process in a case involving youth gender medicine in Alabama reveal that WPATH ’s claim was built on shaky foundations. The documents show that the organisation’s leaders interfered with the production of systematic reviews that it had commissioned from the Johns Hopkins University Evidence-Based Practice Centre ( EPC ) in 2018.

From early on in the contract negotiations, WPATH expressed a desire to control the results of the Hopkins team’s work. In December 2017, for example, Donna Kelly, an executive director at WPATH , told Karen Robinson, the EPC ’s director, that the WPATH board felt the EPC researchers “cannot publish their findings independently”. A couple of weeks later, Ms Kelly emphasised that, “the [ WPATH ] board wants it to be clear that the data cannot be used without WPATH approval”.

Ms Robinson saw this as an attempt to exert undue influence over what was supposed to be an independent process. John Ioannidis of Stanford University, who co-authored guidelines for systematic reviews, says that if sponsors interfere or are allowed to veto results, this can lead to either biased summaries or suppression of unfavourable evidence. Ms Robinson sought to avoid such an outcome. “In general, my understanding is that the university will not sign off on a contract that allows a sponsor to stop an academic publication,” she wrote to Ms Kelly.

Months later, with the issue still apparently unresolved, Ms Robinson adopted a sterner tone. She noted in an email in March 2018 that, “Hopkins as an academic institution, and I as a faculty member therein, will not sign something that limits academic freedom in this manner,” nor “language that goes against current standards in systematic reviews and in guideline development”.

Not to reason XY

Eventually WPATH relented, and in May 2018 Ms Robinson signed a contract granting WPATH power to review and offer feedback on her team’s work, but not to meddle in any substantive way. After wpath leaders saw two manuscripts submitted for review in July 2020, however, the parties’ disagreements flared up again. In August the WPATH executive committee wrote to Ms Robinson that WPATH had “many concerns” about these papers, and that it was implementing a new policy in which WPATH would have authority to influence the EPC team’s output—including the power to nip papers in the bud on the basis of their conclusions.

Ms Robinson protested that the new policy did not reflect the contract she had signed and violated basic principles of unfettered scientific inquiry she had emphasised repeatedly in her dealings with WPATH . The Hopkins team published only one paper after WPATH implemented its new policy: a 2021 meta-analysis on the effects of hormone therapy on transgender people. Among the recently released court documents is a WPATH checklist confirming that an individual from WPATH was involved “in the design, drafting of the article and final approval of [that] article”. (The article itself explicitly claims the opposite.) Now, more than six years after signing the agreement, the EPC team does not appear to have published anything else, despite having provided WPATH with the material for six systematic reviews, according to the documents.

No one at WPATH or Johns Hopkins has responded to multiple inquiries, so there are still gaps in this timeline. But an email in October 2020 from WPATH figures, including its incoming president at the time, Walter Bouman, to the working group on guidelines, made clear what sort of science WPATH did (and did not) want published. Research must be “thoroughly scrutinised and reviewed to ensure that publication does not negatively affect the provision of transgender health care in the broadest sense,” it stated. Mr Bouman and one other coauthor of that email have been named to a World Health Organisation advisory board tasked with developing best practices for transgender medicine.

Another document recently unsealed shows that Rachel Levine, a transwoman who is assistant secretary for health, succeeded in pressing wpath to remove minimum ages for the treatment of children from its 2022 standards of care. Dr Levine’s office has not commented. Questions remain unanswered, but none of this helps WPATH ’s claim to be an organisation that bases its recommendations on science. ■

Stay on top of American politics with  The US in brief , our daily newsletter with fast analysis of the most important electoral stories, and  Checks and Balance , a weekly note from our Lexington columnist that examines the state of American democracy and the issues that matter to voters.

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This article appeared in the United States section of the print edition under the headline “Marking their own homework”

United States June 29th 2024

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Brazil Becomes the Largest Nation to Decriminalize Marijuana

The country’s Supreme Court voted to remove criminal penalties for possession of up to 40 grams of marijuana.

By Jack Nicas and Ana Ionova

Reporting from Rio de Janeiro

Brazil decriminalized marijuana for personal use on Wednesday, making the nation of 203 million the largest to take such a measure and the latest sign of a growing global acceptance of the drug.

Brazil’s Supreme Court ruled that Brazilians could possess up to 40 grams of cannabis — roughly enough for 80 joints — without facing penalties, a decision that would take effect within days and stand for the next 18 months.

The court asked Brazil’s Congress and health authorities to then set the permanent amount of marijuana that citizens could possess. Selling marijuana remains a criminal offense.

Thousands of Brazilians are serving prison sentences for possessing an amount of marijuana below the new threshold, legal analysts said. It is unclear how the decision would affect those convictions.

Many are Black men, who represent 61 percent of drug-trafficking prosecutions but 27 percent of the population. Studies have shown thousands of Black Brazilians have been convicted in situations that have led to lesser or no charges against white people.

Brazil has long taken a harsh criminal approach to drugs, so its decision to effectively allow citizens to smoke marijuana is part of a remarkable shift in public opinion and public policy on the drug over the past two decades. More than 20 countries have now decriminalized or legalized recreational use of marijuana, most in Europe and the Americas.

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