maize business plan in nigeria

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Maize Farming Business Plan in Nigeria

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Business Plan for Commercial Maize Farming in Nigeria & Maize Farming Project Proposal

Maize is one of the staple foods in Nigeria. There is hardly any Nigerian family that does eat maize or its products weekly. Some families cannot even do without consuming foods made from maize daily. Asides human consumption, maize is used for several other purposes.

Also Read: Palm Oil Business Plan in Nigeria

This is why if you are thinking about how to start commercial maize farming in Nigeria, you are on the right path. To dive into maize farming, you must have a full grasp of what it entails. Even though it may seem simple to the layman, there are several pitfalls on the way. Most of these challenges revolve around diseases and pests that may attack the crops.

In this post, we will deal with different aspects of the information you need to start maize farming commercially in Nigeria and also provide you with a sample maize farming business plan in Nigeria. if you are ready, let’s get straight to the crux of this post.

Feasibility Report on Maize Production in Nigeria / Market Overview

Nigeria enjoys a tropical climate and the soil all over the country is relatively fertile. These two factors make it possible to cultivate maize in any of the geo-political zones of Nigeria. Once upon a time, people only engaged in maize farming in a subsistence manner. However, most of these farmers are becoming more aware of the economic value of this crop. This is driving them into commercial production and processing of maize.

Maize is used in producing several foods eaten within the shores of Nigeria. Examples of such foods include pap (pap/ogi), maize flour (tuwo/semo), roasted maize, boiled maize, etc. It is also used in the production of livestock feed as well as industrially to manufacture several products.

Farmers who invest in maize commercially can hardly ever be wrong, as long as they get their processes right. The challenge of most maize farms in Nigeria is not the cultivation or harvesting processes, it is management. There is a huge market within and outside the country for maize.

All over the world, 800 million tonnes of maize are cultivated every year. Of this figure, Africa only produces a very small 6.5% which is extremely low. The demand for maize and its products is far higher than the supply. This means anyone that invests in maize farming will enjoy huge profits provided the management of the farm is efficient.

Profitability of Maize Production in Nigeria / Why should you invest in it

There are thousand-and-one reasons why you should invest in commercial maize farming in Nigeria. These reasons can be split into three categories which are economic reasons, uses or maize, and health benefits.

Already we know that maize cultivation will bring the farmer a lot of profit. The demand for maize is so high right now and you will see why when you read through the other categories. All over the world, maize is in high demand while there is a dearth in supply. Investing in commercial maize farming in Nigeria means you have a market that is not restrained by the shores of Nigeria.

The second category is concerned with the uses of maize. What is maize used for? Check out a few uses below:

As human food. In Nigeria alone, 4 out of every five families eat maize related foods daily. This figure is high compared to how much maize we produce in the country. Examples of these maize related foods include pap, semo, corn flakes, popcorn, etc. Did you know that beer is made from maize as well?
Animal feed. Maize is one of the major ingredients in animal feed. Even if you don’t buy the regular feed, you can feed your animals with maize directly. Maize contains a lot of nutrients needed for your animals to grow and produce optimally.
Industrial material. The starch content of maize makes it desirable for production in several industries. Examples of products that are manufactured using maize include beer, ink, cosmetics, medicines, and paints. Some companies that purchase maize for their industrial processes in Nigeria include Cadbury, Nestle, and the Nigerian Breweries.
Making fuel. Though we have not started this in Nigeria, in many other countries, starch drawn from maize is used as fuel. The starch is synthesized into corn ethanol which is blended with gasoline to produce E10, E15, and E85 mixtures.

The final category is the health benefits drawn from maize. There are so many health benefits you can draw from maize. Examples include:

Ease of digestion because of the high fiber content of maize.
Helps to prevent hypertension and fight diabetes.
Helps to improve eyesight.
Maize is great for healthy skin.
Rich in carbohydrates which is our main source of energy as humans.
Contains several minerals such as manganese, phosphorus, copper, and zinc. All of these are important for human metabolism.

How to start a commercial maize farm in Nigeria

The reality of the fact is that maize farming is very easy to engage in. You don’t need any special skills or education to start a maize farm. We understand that you may have a few challenges on the way so we have put together this guide to help you out.

Discover the best weather for your crops

The truth is that you can plant maize in any season, as long as you can get sufficient water for your crops. Usually, maize is planted in Nigeria around April because this is the beginning of the raining season. We advise that you begin your planting after the third rainfall. With irrigation, you don’t have to wait for the rains.

Choose a fertile land for your cultivation

One of the best benefits of maize farming is that maize can grow on just about any piece of land. However, studies have shown that to get optimal yield, you should plant maize on loamy soil. The soil should also have adequate water content, good drainage, and adequate sunshine.

Don’t plant maize on a rocky or sloppy landscape because of runoff. It is also imperative that you avoid waterlogged areas as this may affect crop yield. Consider a farmland that has a pH between 5.5 and 7.0. This is why many educated farmers take soil samples to the lab for testing before cultivation.

Preparing your land for cultivation

Land preparation processes include clearing the land, fumigating it, burning the bushes, and tilling the topsoil. You must get rid of bushes as they may constitute shades to your crops hindering them from getting adequate sunlight. You should also get rid of weeds as they may compete with your crops for nutrients.

The fumigation process is needed to get rid of any pests existing on the farmland before planting. When there is a need, you should add some fertilizer to the land to make it more fertile. The best kind of fertilizer is organic fertilizer however, you can get Diammonium Phosphate (18-46-0) as a good alternative.

Choose the variety of maize to plant

Here is a list of maize varieties you can choose from:

Zea mays saccharata
Zea diploperennis
Shoepeg corn
Purple corn
Peruvian corn
Baby cornBlue corn

Planting your maize

You can either plant maize by hand or make use of a mechanized method. For a commercial farm, mechanized planting is better as it will save time and cost on labor. It is best to seek the help of a professional farmer to provide you details on how to plant your maize.

Caring for your farm

Several processes go into caring for your maize farm. You don’t just plant the maize and leave it there. It is important to care for and nurture your farm so that it is not attacked by pests, diseases, or stray animals. Some of the processes you should engage in include:

Timely weeding.
Pest control

Marketing your maize

After you have harvested your maize, the challenge is marketing the yield. Finding buyers in Nigeria is not difficult. You can choose to market locally or export to other countries. For a commercial farm, you can make contact with NIRSAL or IITA to help find buyers.

Writing a commercial maize farming business plan

A business plan is very important for several purposes. Asides acting as a map that guides your business, it helps to attract investors and also get loans from the bank. With a concise business plan, you have a clear picture of how the business should be run. If your commercial maize business is going to succeed, you need to write a business plan.

It is not compulsory to write the plan by yourself. You can contact a writer to do this on your behalf. Just in case you are in search of a business plan writer, reach out to us as we will help write your business plan at subsidized prices in record time.

Get your Maize Farming Business Plan and feasibility study in Nigeria, pay N10,000 to:

Bank Name: Guaranty Trust Bank (GTB)

Account Name: Chibuzor Tochi Onyemenam

Account Number: 0044056891

After payment, send your name, email address and “Maize Farming Business Plan in Nigeria” to 07033378184

Maize Farming Business Plan in Nigeria © www.businessplan.com.ng

Copyright 2024 All Rights Reserved, Dayo Adetiloye

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Maize Farming in Nigeria – The Ultimate Guide on How to Grow Maize

Maize farming is the cultivation of maize or corn from the seed stage to the marketing of the harvested maize or corn. Maize farming is unarguably the most popular type of crop cultivation or farming in Nigeria. Go to any town, village or city in Nigeria, you are likely to see a lot of maize farmers.

Maize farming in Nigeria is practised in all the geopolitical zones of the country. There are maize farmers in Lagos, Ogun, Osun, Oyo, Edo, Delta, Rivers, Abuja, Plateau, Nasarawa, Imo, Anambra. Kano, Kebbi, Kaduna and all states in the country.

Maize is a staple food in Nigeria and hugely consumed by Nigerians. Most Nigerians will consume maize or its derivatives at least once every day.

How to Get Started with Maize Farming in Nigeria

Farmland Site Selection
Time and Season to Plant
Farmland/Soil Preparation
Choosing of the Maize Variety to Grow
Ascertaining Plant Population
Climatic Conditions
Seeding and Planting of the Maize Seeds on the Field
Weed Control
Fertilizer and Manure Management
Management of Pests and Diseases
Post-Harvest

1. Farmland Site Selection

Maize can thrive in a variety of oil types, however, maize prefers a deep loamy soil rich in organic maters and nitrogen. Maize is known as a nitrogen hungry crop, planting this crop in a soil rich in nitrogen will positively impact its growth and yield.

The farmland site to be used for maize farming should be ideally plain or flat. The soil should be well draining. Maize will not do well in a water logged area. Soils that are too clayey or muddy should be avoided because they can be prone to flooding, they also usually have a low content of calcium.

Your preferred location or site for maize farming should have a soil that is not too acidic or too alkaline. Maize will do well in soils with a pH of 5.5 – 6.5.

Also, ensure that your farmland has an easy access so that you can be able to evacuate your produce without stress.

2. Time and Season to Plant

Timing is very important in maize farming in Nigeria especially if you are depending on rain. To record a good yield in your maize farm, your corn plants must get adequate amount of water. Maize loves water, starve corn plants of water and expect to have a poor yield. In the southern part of Nigeria, it is advisable to start the planting of maize from April. Some farmers start in March but rainfall pattern nowadays is erratic. Rain may start in March and seize till May. You need to observe the rainfall pattern well before you start planting.

In The northern part of the country, maize cultivation should start in June. Wrong timing can lead to a dismal performance of your maize plants. To eliminate the issue of timing in maize farming, a farmer can consider irrigation. With irrigation, you can cultivate your maize anytime of the year without fear.

In the southern rain forest belt of Nigeria, maize planting can start from the end of March/early April.

In the Guinea Savannah belt of Nigeria, planting of maize should start between mid May and early June.

In the Sudan Savannah, maize planting should start in mid June to early July while in Sahel Savanna, maize panting should start in mid July.

3. Land preparation and planting

To be a successful as a maize farmer, you need to prepare your farmland for planting. Farmland preparation involves clearing the trees, stumps and weeds on your farmland. After the clearing of the farmland, ploughing, harrowing and ridging can be done.

Land preparation is easier, cheaper and faster in the savanna belt of Nigerian that the rain forest belt because the rain forest belt is too dense with a lot of trees and vegetation.

Land preparation breaks up the texture of the soil and improves oxygen penetration into the soil, this helps the plants on the soil to grow well. Land preparation also improves the penetration of water into the soil and the efficacy of fertilizers applied on the soil.

Animals and tractors can be used for ploughing, harrowing and ridging, however, for large maize farms, the use of tractors is better and more efficient. They can also be used for planting of the maize seeds. There are cheap planters in Nigeria that you can buy to facilitate the planting of maize seeds.

4. Choosing of the Maize Variety or Seeds to Grow

Most maize farmers in Nigeria go to the open market to buy dry maize seeds and plants; this often leads to poor yield. We strongly advise to plant hybrid maize variety like Pioneer seeds in order to have a good yield.

Some hybrid and open pollinated maize varieties in Nigeria include the following:

a) Dekalb Maize Seeds: DK 920, DK 818, DK 234, DK 777

b) Pioneer Hybrid Maize Seeds

c) SeedCo Maize Seeds: SC 645, SC 649, SC 651, SC 510, SC 719

d) Premier Seeds: Oba 98 (white, QPM), Oba Super-1 (white), Oba Super-2 (yellow) and Oba Super-3 (white) etc.

e) Open Pollinated Varieties: Sammaz Series.

We have tried Pioneer seeds and the result was fantastic. Picking the right maize seeds or variety can significantly increase your maize yield.

5. Plant Population

Plant population is can determine if a maize farmer will make profit or not. To make good profit in maize farming, you need to have at least 50,000 stands of maize plants per hectare; this can be increased to up to 70,000 stands if you plant some hybrid varieties.

Ask most maize farmers in Nigeria the plant population on their farm, they will likely tell you that they do not know. If you investigate yourself, you will see that their plant population is abysmally low, probably 10,000 to 20,000 maize plants per hectare. With his low plant population, they can hardly make any profit.

It is advisable you have an intra-plant spacing of 25 cm and an inter-row spacing of 75 cm when planting maize. This will ensure that your farm will have about 55,000 plants per hectare. If you do 20cm intra-plant spacing, you can increase your maize plant population per hectare to about 66,000.

6. Equipment Needed for Maize Farming in Nigeria

The following are some of the equipment needed for maize farming in Nigeria:

Irrigation Equipment
Boom Sprayers
Ridgers etc.

7. Irrigation for Maize Farming

Drip irrigation and sprinkler irrigation are the most appropriate types of irrigation that can be used in maize farming in Nigeria.

Rain gun irrigation can be a cheap and acceptable type of sprinkler irrigation that can be used for maize farming if there is a large reservoir of water around the farm. With rain guns, maize can be cultivated all year round. Spray tubes can also be used for maize farming.

Drip irrigation is the best type of irrigation but it is far expensive than sprinkler irrigation, using it may not be justifiable given the low value of maize grains in the market. However, if you are cultivating sweet corn, drip irrigation can be used.

8. Climatic Conditions

Maize crop does well under temperatures ranging from 20 – 35 Celsius. Some maize varieties can also do well under temperatures exceeding 36 Celsius if adequate water supply is in place.

Maize can tolerate temperatures below 20 Celsius, however, it will not do well in very cold conditions.

Maize needs 30 – 70 cm of rainfall. Most of the maize farmers in Nigeria rely solely on the rains. There are very few irrigation maize farmers in Nigeria.

9. Seeding and Planting of the Maize Seeds on the Field

10 – 20 kg of maize seeds should be planted in one hectare of farmland. Maize seed should be planted as a single seed per hole. A hole of 2-5 cm should be dug and a single seed of maize should be buried in the hole.

About 66,000 maize seeds should be planted on one hectare of farmland. Seeds that fail to sprout should be replaced after a few days in order to guarantee the optimal plant population.

10. Weed Control

Weeds can reduce your yield in maize farming by 90%. You should endeavor to keep your maize farm free of weeds. Ensure that no weed is visible on your maize farm. Weeds share water and nutrients with your plants, they can starve your crops of the important nutrients they need to grow well. Weeds also harbor pests and diseases which can be transferred to your crops.

The first few weeks in maize farming determines about 40-50% of the yield of the crop. You should strive to have a weed free maize farm this period and beyond. If you are a commercial maize farmer, you cannot hand weed your maize farm, its better you use the recommended herbicides for maize crop. There are pre-emergence herbicides and post-emergence herbicides that should be used for maize farming.

Lagon is one of the best herbicides for the control of weeds in corn farming.

11. Fertilisers and Manures

I have heard some farmers saying they would only use manure for their maize farms, yes, if you are a commercial maize farmer looking at maximizing the returns from your investment, I will strongly advise that you use both inorganic fertilisers, manures and organic fertilisers.

Maize as a crop is a nutrient hungry crop. Your maize crop needs a lot of nutrients especially nitrogen. One hectare of maize farm will need about 8-15 50kg bags of NPK and Urea fertilisers. It is also advisable you mix all your fertilizers with potassium humate in order to maximize the efficiency of the fertilisers.

NPK fertilizers and urea are known as the best fertilizers for maize farming in Nigeria .

Also, bury all fertilisers applied to your maize crop; never leave fertilisers on the surface of the soil. Soil improver like manure, rice husks and plant materials can also be used for your maize farm. You can also use microbial innoculants.

12. Pests and Diseases Management

Pests and diseases can mess up your maize farm and make you record huge losses. You should use all the recommended pesticides and disease control techniques when cultivating maize. The most destructive of all maize pests is the army worm. Endeavour to use the pesticides recommended for army worm before infestation. Remember, in farming, prevention is better than cure.

There are nematicides, fungicides, bactericides, rodenticides, insecticides and acaricides that can be used to manage pests and diseases in maize farming.

Below are some of the diseases and pests that can affect maize and how to control them:

a) Downy mildew (DM): Downy mildew can affect maize crop in Nigeria. This is an oomycetes infection that changes the colour of the leaves of the maize plant to yellow and brown. It negatively impacts the photosynthetic process in the plant and ultimately leads to low yield. To prevent this disease, maize seeds should be coated with Metalaxyl. Foliar fungicides like Mancozeb amd copper oxide can be used.

b) Leaf blight: This is a fungal disease that can affect maize plants in Nigeria. Fungicides like mancozeb or any copper fungicides can be used as preventive or curative methods for the disease.

c) Maize rust disease: Rust is also a fungal disease that can affect maize crop in Nigeria. The foliar application of Diathane or any good fungicides can prevent or cure this disease.

d) Stalk Rot: Stalk rot is a fungal disease that causes the rottening of the stalk of maize plants. Trichoderma biofungicides or chemical fungicides can be used to control this disease. An increase in potassium fertilizer can also reduce the incidences of this disease.

e) Blight Disease: Blight is caused by Rhizoctonia sp. Pseudomonas fluorescens culture or the application of inorganic fungicides can control this disease.

f) Army Worm: Arguably, the most dangerous insect that can destroy a maize farm within a twinkle of an eye, army worm can be controlled by using Tihan, Thunder, Ampligo and other selected insecticides in Nigeria. It is better to prevent army worm than trying to eradicate them after infestation.

g) Stem borer: This insect is common in maize fields in Nigeria. It can be controlled with the spraying of Cholopyriphos and the use of Carbofuran (wormforce).

h) Pink borer: Just like stem borer, It can be controlled with the spraying of Cholopyriphos and the use of Carbofuran (wormforce).

i) Termites: Termites can destroy a maize farm if they are not quickly controlled. The application of Fepronil granules can be used to control termites.

13. Harvest

When the silk of the maize plant turns brown, it is time for harvest of the fresh corn cobs. Fresh corn can be harvested after 50 – 70 days. If the maize farmer prefers to harvest his maize crop as grains, harvesting can start after 85 – 120 days depending on the variety planted and the prevailing temperature.

Harvesting is usually done by removing the corn cob by hand. A cutlass or sickle can also be used to cut the whole maize plant during harvest. Harvesting can also be done with the use of machines like a combined harvester.

If the harvested maize cobs are not dry enough, they can be left on the field for sun drying. Dryers can also be used for drying the corn cobs.

14. Post Harvest

The post harvest activities in maize farming includes shelling, threshing, storage, transportation to market and the final marketing of the produce to buyers. Grading, sorting and bagging are also some of the post harvest activities in maize farming.

For large farms, mechanized shellers can be used to shell and thresh the maize from the cobs. Silos can be used to store the shelled maize for longer shelf life. Pesticides may be used to prevent the activities of pests on the harvested maize.

15. Insurance

You should not forget to insure your maize farms against all forms of insurable risks. You can insure your farm by contacting NAIC or other insurance companies in Nigeria like Leadway Insurance .

Guide for Hybrid Maize Cultivation – One Hectare

Below is the protocol or plan to be used in cultivation of HYBRID maize, please note that the fertilization application rate can be amended to fit your soil profile. Ensure that the pH of the soil is between 5.5 – 6.5, soil pH higher than 6.0 is better. The pesticides application rate can also vary. This is just a generic maize farming protocol.

10 days before land preparation

Spray a mixture of 4 litres of Glyphosate and 4 sachets of Emamectin benzoate per hectare. Wait for 10 days

2 weeks before planting:

Land tillage: Plough and harrow/ridge or harrow twice or ridge depending on land condition. Wait for 2 weeks to allow for weed regrowth for good effectiveness of the pre-emergence herbicides at planting time.

At this stage, you can add rice husks, manure or any soil amendment materials to your soil to increase the Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC).

At planting:

Plant seeds at 75cm (inter-row spacing) by 20cm (intra-row spacing) (66,000 plants/ha), 75cm by 25cm (53,000 plants/ha)

Apply 15 bags of NPK 15:15:15 or 11 bags of NPK 20:10:10 (220 kg N / ha) or 12 bags of NPK 15:15:15 or 9 bags of 20:10:10 (180 kg N / ha).

Spray a mixture of 4 liters of paraquat, 4 liters of atrazine and 4 sachets of Emamectin benzoate not later than the next day of planting.

Please agrochemicals should not be sprayed in the hot afternoon for effectiveness

The seed should be planted at a depth of 5cm along the row while the fertilizer should be placed 5cm beside each planted seed and 5cm deeper than the seed depth

1 week after planting:

Gap filling should be done for few missing spots to ensure the right plant population and weed control done after planting should be confirmed if it was effective, areas showing weed growth should be reported at observation

2 weeks after planting:

Spray 4 sachets of Emamectin benzoate per hectare for prevention and/or control of armyworms or insect attack

4 weeks after planting:

First urea application: 2.5 bags for (220 kg N / ha) or 2 bags for (180 kg N / ha)

Ensure fertilizer is buried beside the plants to prevent wastage

Spray 4 sachets of Emamectin benzoate per hectare for any deposited eggs and to prevent resistance by the armyworms

6 weeks after planting:

Second urea application: 2.5 bags for (220 kg N / ha) or 2 bags for (180 kg N / ha)

Spray 4 liters of Lambdacyalothrin per hectare for any visible armyworms

All urea application should be applied from 4 weeks after planting for large acreages without splitting to maximize cost.

8 weeks after planting:

Post emergence application: Spray 4 liters of paraquat per hectare, for proper weed control; this can be done before 8 weeks depending on the severity of weeds present.

NOTE: Ensure that there are no weeds in the field before fertilizer application.

Potassium Humate is advised to be mixed to all fertilizers before application. All fertilisers must be buried during application.

Also note that Lagon herbicide has been the best type of herbicide we have used for maize farming in Nigeria.

All agrochemicals mentioned above are active ingredients that can be gotten in different trade names. Please ensure good quality products are used.

With the above protocol, a maize farmer in Nigeria is expected to get a yield of 6-10 tonnes per hectare of maize.

Maize Farming Business Plan in Nigeria

Financial plan (in naira ₦).

PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR ONE HECTARE OF MAIZE FARMING VENTURE- SCENARIO 1

PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR ONE HECTARE OF MAIZE FARMING VENTURE- SCENARIO 2

PROFIT ANALYSIS FOR ONE HECTARE OF MAIZE FARMING VENTURE- SCENARIO 3

Source: https://veggiegrow.ng/cost-of-maize-farming-in-nigeria

Maize Production in Nigeria

About 800 million tons of maize was produced globally in the year 2019, with Nigeria producing about 11,000 tons, Nigeria is the largest producer of maize in the Africa, followed by South Africa. In spite of the huge production of maize in Nigeria, Nigeria cannot satisfy local demand of maize. Nigeria does not produce as much sweet corn like maize. Every year, a significant percentage of maize is imported to satisfy local demand in the country.

Source: Knoema

The northern part of Nigeria produces the largest percentage of maize in the country. Kaduna state is the largest producer of maize in Nigeria, closely followed by Bauchi, Gombe and Nasarawa. All northern states in Nigeria produce a lot of maize every year.

The south western part of Nigeria also produce a significant percentage of maize with Oyo state topping the list of the largest producer of maize in the south western part of Nigeria.

Popular Maize Varieties in Nigeria

Below are some of the most popular maize varieties planted in Nigeria.

Pioneer Corn Seed – Hybrid

Dupont Pioneer Hybrid maize seed is one of the most popular hybrid maize seeds in Nigeria. Pioneer hybrid maize seeds can grow in all regions in Nigeria. It has good tolerances and resistance to a lot of pests and diseases that affects corn plants. Hybrid pioneer seeds can also tolerate crowding unlike other maize varieties. This maize variety can yield up to 12 tons per hectare. We tried this variety and we had a yield of 7.6 tons per hectare. I have seen local farmers getting between 5-7 tons per hectare cultivating this variety in Kaduna. This variety comes in the yellow and white form.

Dekalb Maize Seeds – Hybrid

The following are the hybrid Dekalb Maize Seeds in Nigeria:

Seedco – Hybrid

There are a number of hybrid maize seeds bred and marketed by SeedCo in Nigeria. The following are some of the maize varieties of Seedco:

SC 645 : White Maize Hybrid, 7-8 Tons/Ha Yield Potential, Medium maturing hybrid (100 – 110 days). This variety had good disease and heat tolerance. It can be cultivated in the southern and northern guinea savannah.

SC 649 : White Maize Hybrid, 8-10 Tons/Ha Yield Potential, Medium maturing hybrid (110 days). It has good disease and pest tolerance and can grow well in all ecological zones of Nigeria.

SC 651 : White Maize Hybrid, 6-7 Tons/Ha Yield Potential, Medium Maturity (100 – 110 days). This variety is drought and striga resistant. This variety does well in the rain forest belt of Nigeria and also in the guinea, sudan and sahel savannah areas of Nigeria.

SC 510 : Yellow Maize Hybrid, 5-6 Tons/ha yield potential, Early Maturing (90 days). This variety is embedded with Vitamin A. It can tolerate crowding and high population, this can lead to increased yield. It can also do well in the southern rain forest in Nigeria and the southern and northern guinea savannah.

SC 719 : White Maize Hybrid, 8 -9 Tons/Ha Yield Potential, Late Maturing (110 -120 days). This variety has long cob. It also has good tolerances to a lot of pests and diseases that affect maize. It can be grown in the southern and northern guinea savannah.

Premier Maize Seeds

Below are the hybrid maize seeds and open pollinated maize seeds bred and marketed by Premier Seeds Nigeria.

Hybrid maize

Oba 98 (white, QPM)
Oba Super-1 (white)
Oba Super-2 (yellow)
Oba Super-3 (white)
Oba Super-4 (yellow)
Oba Super-6 (yellow)
Oba Super-7 (white)
Oba Super-9 (white)
Oba Super-11 (white)
Oba Super-13 (white)

Open-pollinated Maize

Across 97 (white, striga resistant)
Suwan-1 (yellow, DMR)

Profit Analysis of Maize Farming

Maize can be very profitable if you do the right thing. The cost of maize farming should be lesser than the revenue in order to make profit. Having a healthy farmland, planting the right amount of seeds, weeding and the use of adequate fertilisers and pesticides can make your maize farming venture a profitable one.

Profit Analysis for Dry Grains

N600,000 is expected to be earned as revenue from the sale of 6 tons of dried maize from one hectare. Price per ton ranges from N80,000 – N120,000 in Nigeria.

N60,000 is expected to be used for land preparation and planting of maize seeds per hectare, N30,000 for hybrid pioneer seeds per hectare, N20,000 for herbicides and insecticides, N60,000 for fertilisers and N100,000 for labour and other expenses. Total cost for one hectare of maize is N320,000.

Profit expected from one hectare of maize is N280,000. I have seen some farmers who made a profit of N400,000 from one hectare of maize.

Maize Farming for Fresh Cobs

55,000 – 75,000 fresh maize cobs are expected to be harvested from one hectare of maize. Hybrid pioneer maize seeds can yield two cobs per plant.

Let us assume that 70,000 fresh maize cobs will be harvested from one hectare of maize. If you sell each fresh cob for N15, you will earn a sales revenue of N1,050,000 from your one hectare maize farmland.

Profit from one hectare of maize farm if you sell fresh maize cobs will be N730,000.

Selling fresh maize cobs is far more profitable; however, your farm must be near a big town or city.

Dry Season Maize Farming in Nigeria

Dry season maize farming in Nigeria is far more profitable than cultivating the maize in the rainy season. However, there is a catch, how will you get adequate water for your dry season maize farming? Irrigation is the answer; you need to provide irrigation facilities for your maize farm in order to reap the benefits of dry season maize farming in Nigeria.

The Federal Government of Nigeria has a lot of schemes used to support dry season farmers in Nigeria. They provide or subsidize all the inputs needed for maize farming in the dry season for some farmers. However, you are advised not to rely on the government, you can act smart by using irrigation and reap good profit in the dry season.

Do you know that the price of fresh maize cobs in the dry season in Nigeria is 2-3 times the price in the rainy season, why, because, few maize farmers cultivate maize in the dry season.

Dry maize grains are also more expensive in the dry season because of the scarcity in the market.

Government Interventions in Maize Farming

The Nigerian government has intervened in maize farming using several programs, some of the programs are explained below:

CBN/NIRSAL MFB LOAN

The Central Bank of Nigeria in conjunction with NIRSAL Microfinance Bank provides loans of less than N10 million to intending farmers. Maize farmers can benefit from this loan as the loan has a single digit lending rate. It also has a moratorium.

CBN ANCHOR BORROWERS SCHEME

The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) anchor borrowers’ scheme is used to finance farmers in groups so that they will have all the inputs needed by them to reap a bountiful harvest. Maize farmers are eligible to apply for loans under this scheme.

IFAD SCHEME

The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) is a body that provides funding and support to rural farmers. Maize farmers in Nigeria can benefit from this scheme.

FADAMA Scheme

FADAMA is supported by the World Bank. This scheme supports farmers through the provision of irrigation facilities.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pv6EjVNq-PY

Health Benefits of Maize or Corn

The following are the health benefits of consuming maize or corn:

A 100 grams of boiled yellow corn has 73% of water, 3.4 grams of protein, 21 grams of carb, 4.5 grams of sugar, 2.4 grams of fibre and 1.5 grams of fat.

Corn has carbohydrate which provides energy for the body.

Maize has fibre which improves the digestive health. A good consumption of fibre can improve the quantity of beneficial microbes in the gut.

Though corn is rich in carb, it also has protein.

Maize or corn has vitamins and minerals like manganese, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc and copper. These minerals and vitamins are beneficial to the human body.

Corn has some antioxidants which can help in the prevention of cancer and killing of free radicals.

Source: Healthline

Foods that can be derived from maize or corn

The following are some of the foods that can be derived from maize or corn in Nigeria:

Roasted Corn

This is a delicacy in Nigeria and a lot of countries. Roasted corn is fresh corn roasted on an oven.

In Nigeria, charcoal is usually used in roasting fresh corns when they are in season. People selling roasted corns are common sight on Nigerian roads when corn is in season.

Selling freshly harvested corn has a better ROI than selling dried maize as grains. There are farmers who make better returns on the selling of fresh corn cobs than selling their harvested produce as dried grains.

Corn Starch

Also called maize starch, this is a material derived from the kernel of corn. Maize starch is used as thickener in soups and sauces.

Corn starch is also used for the production of corn syrup and other types of sugar.

Corn starch can also be used in the production of some types of adhesives. Corn starch can also be used in the production of custard and baby food.

This is a type of food consumed by a lot of people in Nigeria and other African and Asian countries.

Maize pap is made by fermenting soaked maize grains. The maize grains are left in water for some days, then they are milled and sieved.

Hot water is used in making corn pap. Maize pap is purely starch. It is also used in the making of baby foods.

In some towns and villages in Nigeria, maize pap is usually consumed in the morning. It can also be cooled and solidified into another type of food called Eko or Agidi.

This is a thick pudding made from maize or rice in Nigeria. It is a local delicacy highly favoured by the Hausa and Fulani people in Nigeria.

Tuwo is also eaten by the people of Niger and Chad Republics.

Tuwo is like Pounded Yam, Eba and Fufu. It is usually eaten with soups.

How Many Bags of Maize Can an Acre or Hectare Produce

The number of bags of maize that can be produced per acre of farmland depends on a number of factors, ditto the number of bags of maize that can be produced per hectare.

The factors are:

Soil Fertility
Types of Seeds Planted
Level of Weeds
Pests and Diseases
Agronomic Practices implemented etc.

Mallam Yinus, a maize farmer in Nigeria got 91 bags of maize per hectare . Mallam Yinus implemented the below strategies to achieve this yield:

Good land preparation
Use of hybrid seeds
Use of drip irrigation
Optimum plant population etc

Botany, Physiology and Genetics of Maize

The maize plant usually has a height of about 3 metres. There are strains that grow up to 12 metres, though these strains are not common.

The stem of the maize plant consists of about 20 internodes with each internode growing to about 18 cm in length. The leaves of maize plants grow at the opposite sides of the stem. The leaves of maize plant can grow above 110 cm in length and about 8.5 cm in width.

For more information on the botany, physiology and genetics of maize, please read here .

Questions and Answers

a) Question: Where can I get good maize seeds in Nigeria?

Answer: You can get good maize seeds or varieties from us.

b) Question: Can I use drip irrigation for maize farming?

Answer: Yes, you can use drip irrigation for maize farming. Drip irrigation can increase your maize crop yield by as much as 100%

c) Question: Is maize farming profitable?

A nswer: The prices of maize in Nigeria has increased year in, year out. The Ukraine-Russia war will also make the prices of this commodity skyrocket. Yes, maize farming is very profitable.

d) Question: When is the peak time for the price of maize in Nigeria

Answer: The dry season months of December to March is the peak time for the price of maize in Nigeria. Prices this time are usually double or triple the prices at other times of the year.

e) Question: What is the typical yield of maize?

Answer: The average yield of maize per hectare of the local farmer in Nigeria is 1.5 – 2 tons per hectare. However, yield can be up to 7 – 12 tons per hectare if hybrid seeds, drip irrigation and good fertilizers and pesticides are used.

f) Question: What fertilizers are the best for maize farming in Nigeria?

Answer: Urea and NPK fertilizers are some of the most appropriate fertilizers for the growing of maize. However, you should do a soil test before applying any fertilizer to your maize crop.

Should you need more information on maize farming in Nigeria, please contact us on 08025141924 or [email protected].

Read our latest article on planting date of maize in Nigeria here.

Ayo Akinfolarin

The Complete Guide to Starting a Successful Maize Farming Business in Nigeria

by SME Guide

Maize farming is one of the most lucrative agribusinesses in Nigeria. With domestic demand far outweighing supply and government support for staple crop production, maize farming presents a tremendous opportunity for aspiring agricultural entrepreneurs.

This definitive guide provides everything you need to know to set up a profitable commercial maize farming operation in Nigeria from scratch.

Why start commercial maize farming in Nigeria?

Massive and Growing Demand for Maize

Nigeria is one of the world’s largest maize consumers. Rising demand is driven by rapid population growth and the expanding use of maize for poultry feed, food processing, confectionaries, and breweries, as well as industrial starch and oil production.

Local supply can only meet a third of demand, making maize imports worth over $600 million a year. This huge supply-demand gap ensures lucrative offtake opportunities and prices for commercial maize farmers.

Government Support for Increased Maize Production

The Nigerian government has introduced policies like subsidised inputs, higher import duties, and funding for mechanisation to boost domestic maize output through private sector participation.

Maize farming aligns strongly with the government’s strategic food security and import substitution priorities for the economy.

High-Profit Margins for Quality Yields

Maize delivers substantially higher profit margins than many other crops. Average maize farm gate prices range from ₦120,000 to ₦150,000 per MT. After costs, net margins for good yields can exceed ₦500,000 per hectare.

Ideal Agro-Climatic Conditions for High Yields

Nigeria’s northern savannas enjoy optimal climatic conditions for maize cultivation, with average yields reaching 4 MT/ha, rivalling global benchmarks. The right inputs and farming techniques can further boost productivity for a higher income.

Relatively low start-up costs

Unlike other cash crops, establishing a sizeable commercial maize farm requires a relatively low start-up capital outlay for land acquisition, inputs, equipment, and operational expenses, especially in northern Nigeria.

Essential First Steps to Take

Conduct in-depth maize market research.

Thorough research will reveal the functioning dynamics of the Nigerian maize industry value chain, spanning demand segments, buyer preferences, prices, competitors, and distribution channels, amongst other factors, to guide your production and sales strategy.

Develop robust financial projections.

Based on the gathered market intelligence and reasonable yield assumptions, prepare detailed financial statements projecting costs and revenues. This will determine start-up and working capital requirements, cost management needs, and profitability potential to inform viability.

Choose a suitable farm location.

Prioritise locations based on soil fertility, rainfall patterns, irrigation access, proximity to target markets, availability of farm labour, and security considerations. Northern Nigeria offers the most suitable conditions.

Acquire the necessary capital.

Explore financing from your own funds, loans from family and friends, banks, or Nigeria’s new agricultural investment schemes and grants to cover expenses for land purchases, farm development, and first-year operations based on earlier financial projections.

Obtain relevant permits and licences.

Register your maize farming enterprise with the Corporate Affairs Commission and fulfil all location-specific regulatory requirements around environmental assessments, farming permits, operational licencing, etc.

Procure quality planting seed.

Obtain certified seeds of high-yielding, disease-resistant hybrid varieties from reputable sources. Popular options include the Oba Super 7, Oba Super 9, and Oba Super 10 in Nigeria. Avoid old, recycled seeds.

Recruit a capable farm manager.

Hiring an experienced farm manager well-versed in commercial maize cultivation or related grain crops is highly advisable during the start-up. Offer them business stakes or profit-sharing incentives tied to your targets.

Outgrower Partnership Opportunities

Consider engaging smallholder farmers as outgrowers through a contract farming arrangement. This cost-effectively expands your land under maize cultivation while transferring skills and benefiting rural communities.

Land Acquisition and Farm Infrastructure Setup

Size of Required Land

For profitable scale, acquire at least 50 hectares of arable land in close proximity with room for future expansion. Rented or purchased land are both options to explore.

Facilities to Construct

Essential facilities include storage structures, irrigation systems, rainwater harvesting structures, cold rooms, loading bays, security posts, changing rooms, toilets, office space, and staff quarters.

Infrastructure Development

Undertake land clearing, construction of access roads within the farm, demarcation of fields, installation of irrigation and drainage facilities, as well as fencing of the perimeter and fields according to crop separation requirements.

Storage Infrastructure

Construct weather- and pest-proof storage facilities for inputs like seeds, fertilizers, and agrochemicals, as well as harvested maize grains and dried cobs. The provision of palettes and moisture metres is also crucial.

Administrative Setup

Have dedicated office space with computers for farm records and accounting, processing buyer orders, market research, etc. It is essential to run operations professionally from the onset.

Utility Access Development

Connect the farm to the national electricity grid or develop an onsite solar system and backup generators for energy supply. Similarly, establish access to utility water or develop boreholes and water storage tanks.

Waste management planning

Institute safe waste disposal mechanisms for the management of resulting debris, plastics, empty agrochemical containers, and spoilt grains in an environmentally responsible manner right from inception.

Determining Your Production Targets

Yield Projections

Conservatively target grain yields of at least 4 metric tonnes per hectare for rain-fed cultivation under good agricultural practices while factoring in the potential impacts of pests, disease, and erratic rainfall.

Annual Output Targets

Given projected yields and intended acreage allocation between early and late-maturing hybrid varieties, determine annual maize output targets over the first 5 years, factoring in incremental expansion.

Post-Harvest Output

Estimate potential volumes of additional by-products like dried maize cobs, husks, and stalks that have economic value to set revenue diversification targets beyond grains.

Sales Revenue Benchmarks

Multiply annual production quantities across grains and by-products by prevailing farm gate prices for wholesale maize to establish your turnover benchmarks. Build relationships with off-takers early.

Land preparation and input acquisition

Land Tillage

Plough fields to medium depth during the dry season and harrow to refine the tilth for proper root development, nutrient absorption, and friability. Well-tilted land is vital for higher yields.

Soil testing and amendment

Conduct NPK testing of your fields and adjust nutrient levels accordingly through inorganic fertilisers or well-decomposed manure to optimise soil fertility for robust maize growth.

Input Quantification

Determine the total requirements for certified seeds, fertilizers, and crop protection chemicals needed, guided by recommended application rates based on the intended acreage each season.

Sourcing Quality Inputs

Always obtain certified seeds of chosen hybrids from authorised dealers to assure purity, germination capacity, and seed viability. Similarly, source industry-standard fertilisers and agrochemicals from trusted suppliers.

Safe Storage

Keep seeds in cold, dry, and airtight conditions. Store chemicals and fertilisers safely, locked away from moisture, direct sunlight, and water sources, to maintain product integrity.

Expert Planting for High Productivity

Land Pre-Planting Preparation

Undertake secondary tillage and harrowing just before planting for uprooting of weed seedlings and maintaining friable top soil ideal for planting.

Timely Planting

For rain-fed maize, plant at the onset of the rainy season. For irrigated maize, plant to make grain availability consistent year-round, guided by the duration to maturity of the chosen hybrids.

Optimal Plant Spacing

Space rows 75 cm to 90 cm apart, with the distance between seeds along the rows at 25 cm for optimum plant density that minimises competition and facilitates mechanisation.

Correct Planting Depths

Plant seeds at depths of 5 cm to 7 cm. Too shallow reduces germination, while too deep delays seedling emergence and raises rotting risks. Proper depth is vital for uniform stands.

Focused Gap Filling

10 days after germination, fill gaps through replanting where stands have failed to optimise plant population and restore the desired density for maximum yields.

Water Management for Resilient Growth

Timely Irrigation

Where rainfall is inadequate or ill-timed, provide supplemental irrigation evenly across fields during moisture-stress periods like the flowering stage. This prevents disastrous crop losses.

Efficient application methods

Utilise furrow irrigation channels, sprinklers, or drip lines rather than water flooding for precision watering, improving uptake while reducing erosion risks and waste. Invest in suitable equipment.

Rainwater Harvesting

Construct small reservoirs, dugouts, and channels to collect and store excess runoff during rains for supplementary irrigation use in moisture deficit periods to reduce crop vulnerability.

Moisture Conservation

Practice mulching using crop residues, grass, and plastic sheeting to curb water evaporation losses from the soil while reducing weeds.

Soil erosion protection

Establish vetiver grass bands across sloped fields to curb rapid top soil runoff while constructing bunds and contour walls for erosion control to preserve arable land.

Strategic Application of Fertilisers

Soil Fertility Maintenance

Continuously replenish extracted soil nutrients after each crop using a carefully determined blend of nitrogen and phosphorous-based fertilisers to boost plant vigour, cob sizes, and grain filling.

Split Application

Rather than a single full dosage, apply one-third of NPK fertiliser at planting, one-third at the knee height stage, and one-third when tasselling to gain the highest absorption and minimise losses from leaching.

Foliar Feeding

Where soils are gravely or sandy, spray liquid fertiliser formulations directly onto leaves when tasselling to supplement soil feeding, ensuring nutrient deficiencies are avoided at this vital stage.

Organic Fortification Options

Explore augmenting inorganic fertilisers through cheaper organic options like well-composed animal manure, decomposed crop residue dumping, and intercropping with legumes to improve the soil’s natural fertility over time.

Routine soil testing

Conduct NPK testing before each new season to monitor nutrient levels and adjust fertilisation regimes for optimal balance as soil chemistry changes over successive cropping cycles.

Effective field pest and disease control

Correct pesticide application

Closely monitor crops for signs of Fall Army Worm and Stalk Borer attacks before significant damage emerges. Apply the right pesticide formulations correctly during early infestations for effective control.

Disease Vigilance

Look out for destructive and fast-spreading diseases like maize lethal necrosis (MLN) while crops are young. Rogue out and safely destroy infected plants immediately to save the entire crop.

Pest Scouting

Train and routinely mobilise farmhands to scout fields, looking out for emerging pest infestations and disease symptoms for timely interventions before widespread crop losses occur.

Pesticide Handling Safety

Educate workers thoroughly on pesticide toxicity hazards, correct dosages, application techniques, protective clothing and gear needs, container disposal, and post-exposure treatment to avoid the risks that come with these chemicals.

Beneficial Insects

Introduce and nurture populations of beneficial predator insects like lacewings on your farm as a potent biological control for notorious pests like stem borers and aphids, avoiding overreliance on pesticides.

Timely weeding and thinning

Pre-emergence Weed Control

Apply pre-emergence herbicides like atrazine after planting and before maize emerges to suppress weeds at the onset, allowing crops to establish themselves without competition.

Mechanical Weeding

Undertake 1-2 rounds of meticulous hand weeding with hoes or using mechanical weeders during early crop stages to eliminate competition that retards growth while roots are still shallow.

Spot herbicide application

Where manual weeding proves inadequate, precisely apply post-emergence herbicides using protective cones directly on stubborn weed clumps visible between crop rows rather than entire fields.

Thinning for Optimal Density

Where germination density is excessive, undertake plant thinning 2-3 weeks after emergence to attain desired plant populations that avoid excessive competition and enable robust development.

Cover Crops

Practice intercropping and undersowing with fast-growing legumes that check weed growth through suffocation while fixing nitrogen from the atmosphere into the soil as a free fertility boost.

Meticulous Harvest and Post-Harvest Handling

Timing the harvest

For grains, harvesting begins promptly when husk leaves dry out completely and cobs turn downward. Timely harvesting prevents field losses through ear rot, pests, and storm damage.

Grain Processing Equipment

Invest in maize shelling machines, cleaning equipment, moisture metres, and storage handling equipment like conveyors and elevators for efficient large-scale grain extraction and handling after harvesting.

Cob drying and storage

After shelling, stack husked cobs under airy sheds over wire meshes raised above ground, allowing proper natural drying to ~15% grain moisture, ideal for storage and milling quality.

Fumigation against storage pests

Fumigate dried grain and cobs using phostoxin tablets or other recommended fumigants prior to storage to eliminate grain borers, weevils, and other storage pests that ruin produce.

Cold Room Storage

Construct large-scale cold room facilities for portions of harvested grains not immediately sold to enable higher-value sales out of season when market prices surge rather than distress sales at harvest.

The exhaustive information provided across the key facets equips you to establish and operate a highly productive and profitable maize farming enterprise in Nigeria. Adapt the recommendations to your unique local conditions as you bring this investor-friendly opportunity to life!

Staff recruitment and management

Hiring qualified personnel

Recruit workers with extensive experience in similar crop cultivation roles, covering farm supervision, machinery operations, irrigation, input application, and general labour. Certified agronomists are ideal for advisory work.

Skills Training

Provide regular practical skills training for workers on agronomy best practices spanning land preparation, planting, pest management, harvesting, and post-harvest handling for optimal implementation and to minimise losses.

Attractive Remuneration

Offer wages at par or slightly above averages for the region and industry to attract and retain competent personnel. Provide clear opportunities for diligent workers to progressively advance into supervisory roles.

Performance Management

Institute clear key performance indicators and evaluations around operational efficiency, input usage, compliance with protocols, and crop care for monitoring staff and optimising productivity. Reward high performers.

Welfare Provision

Provide staff with suitable housing, medical access, meals, uniforms, and transportation to ensure concentration on delivering the required farming activities. This sustains motivation and productivity.

Worker Safety

Implement strict safety precautions around the usage of machinery, pesticides, grain drying, storage fumigation, and general farm operations. Provide protective gear and appropriate training.

Labour Regulations

Comply with national regulations around minimum wage, payment schedules, maximum working hours, annual leave, sick pay, maternity leave, and redundancy terms to foster cordial labour relations.

Record-keeping for efficiency

Field History Archive

For each cultivation field, comprehensively log applied inputs, crop performance parameters, and harvested yields over every crop cycle to gain insights for optimising results season by season.

Operational Logs

Maintain updated records on all farming activities, like land preparation durations, planting schedules, irrigation details, and fertilisation regimes, alongside the responsible personnel for tracking efficiency.

Inventory Management

Use digital stock management systems for inputs in storage to enable precise tracking of fertiliser, seed, and agrochemical balances and trigger replenishment orders in time for the next crop demand, avoiding shortages.

Profitability Analysis

Continuously analyse actual production costs and revenues against projections and prior seasons to identify areas for enhancing operational profitability through improved agronomic practices and loss reduction across the farming cycle.

Equipment History Cards

Keep individual history cards for each machinery and equipment item, recording hours run, fuel consumed, servicing activities, and breakdown repairs, to forecast maintenance needs before failures disrupt operations.

Customer relationship management

Maintain an updated database around client off-takers, contact persons, product preferences and loyalty, outstanding payments, and grievances for sustaining relationships that underpin sales and farm incomes.

Processing and value addition

Preparing for Aggregation

Liaise with smallholder farmers’ associations prior to every season to contract portions of member harvests for aggregating larger marketed volumes capable of attracting premium institutional buyers.

Maize Milling

Acquire a small maize milling plant comprising sheller, cleaning, drying, milling, and packaging equipment for value-adding grains into packaged flour, bran, and animal feed blends targeting high-margin sales.

Fortified Products

Explore manufacturing fortified blended maize foods enriched with vital micronutrients for vulnerable groups through partnerships with nutrition-focused NGOs, women groups, and public health agencies serving ready markets.

Hybrid Seed Production

Establish dedicated seed multiplication fields and conditioning facilities to produce certified seeds of popular hybrids during low periods, ensuring valuable counter-season sales to other farmers in time for key planting cycles.

Organic fertiliser production

Process resulting organic waste from maize harvesting like stovers, cobs, and stalks through compost facilities into premium bagged fertilisers is enjoying growing demand for organic farming, allowing income diversification.

Maize Bran Oil Extraction

Setup small decorticating and oil-expanding mini-plants powered by diesel or electricity for value-adding dry maize grain bran into clear maize oil, ideal for application in cooking oil blends and biofuels, which present huge demand.

The expanding maize market and enabling environment make maize farming highly lucrative for aspiring agropreneurs in Nigeria, despite emerging competition. Savvy business planning and robust execution best position you to achieve consistent profitability from this enterprise. Maximising yields through expertise while minimising costs is vital for positive margins. Seek partnerships that enhance access to inputs, finance, extension, processing equipment, and distribution infrastructure for unlocking maize farming’s immense potential. Adapt operations responsively based on emerging market needs and policy changes.

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How To Start A Maize Farm Business In Nigeria: A Complete Guide On Maize Farming

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Table of Contents

Introduction

Have you ever wondered what it takes and how to start a maize farm in Nigeria?

The purpose of maize farming (which we popularly call corn) is not limited to the corn boiled or roasted on the roadside. From this versatile crop, you can mill flour, bake bread, use it as animal feed, and a couple more.

From the maize, we have diverse meals such as cornflakes and some other delicious cereals, we make our local pap from it, popcorn, porridge, and so on. The maize crop is used both domestically and industrially.

Because of its massive use and consumption in the country, the maize business has turned out to be quite lucrative and rewarding, especially with the help of modern tools that goes all the way through its processing stage.

How Profitable Is Maize Farming In Nigeria?

How To Start A Maize Farm Business In Nigeria: A Complete Guide On Maize Farming

According to Entrepreneurs.ng , Nigeria is the 11th largest producer of maize in the world, and the 2nd largest producer in Africa after South Africa.

Nigerian Breweries, Cadbury, and Nestle are some of the biggest buyers of Maize in the country. Maize seed germinates 3-5 days.

A hectare will yield produce of between 3-5 tonnes. While up to 8 tonnes can be harvested with enhanced species like the hybrid maize form.

A hectare will produce 10,000 stands with the spacing provided above while an acre will produce 4040 stands. says MyFarmBase while quoting E. Johnson.

Harvesting can be done between 75 and 90 days.

The Best Time To Grow Your Maize

Maize has a short life span and can be cultivated 3 times in a year which makes it one of the best crops you can plant on your farm.

Maize (corn) can be planted alongside different yields like Cassava, Melon, Yam, Potatoes, and so on.

Its ability to grow in many soil conditions (clay loam, sandy loamy, black cotton soil) and weather makes it suitable for the Nigerian climate. So, whether you are from the Southern, Eastern, Northern, or Western parts of Nigeria and other regions, you can plant and harvest maize.

Maize in Nigeria is rain-fed. So you should plant your seeds at the onset of the rainy season.

Usually, it is planted in May/June in the North and March/April in the South for early maturing seed variety. While late-maturing seeds are planted in July/August.

The Cost Of Setting Up A Maize Farm

Based on the analysis made by Xtreme Returns Farms , you can start maize farming for as low as N20,000. Under the conditions that you have;

A Farmland with the right soil
A registered company under CAC
Hired workers with their equipment (N4,000/acre) or hire government tractors (N7,000/hectare)
Fertilizer, disease, and weed control (From N6,000)

Financial Projection of Maize Farming by Xtreme Returns Farm: If the target yield for a hectare is 3 tonnes, 1 ton of maize crop sells for NGN60,000, multiply 60,000*3 = NGN180,000.

Your profit can be calculated as 180,000-20,000 = NGN160,000 within 2 months.

How To Start A Maize Farm

Before deciding on how to start a maize farm, there are things you need to consider and put in place for you to successfully plant and harvest your maize.

If you want to start a maize farm on a large scale, you have to put some of these things in place for you to be able to be relevant at home and abroad.

1. Register Your Farm

The first thing to do if you want to start a maize farm is to register your farm. If you want to go beyond planting, and harvesting locally, you need to register the farm.

You must register your company with the Corporate Affairs Commission (C.A.C) to enable you to operate your maize farming business without hassle from the government and engage a bigger clientele.

This way, you will be able to take your product overseas without any hassle. The process of registering a business with the C.A.C. is a straightforward process. You can visit their website for more information on how to register your business.

2. Select The Best Land For Your Crop

The next step to starting a maize farm in Nigeria is to select the land on which you are going to plant your maize on.

Having a good land is a step forward towards having better produce. Your choice of land will depend on your location.

If you want to take this maize farming business seriously, you need to look for land that is loamy or loamy sandy in nature for better output.

Remember that the land has to be soil that is well-drained.

3. Prepare The Land For Planting

This will involve cutting weeds, bush burning, ploughing, and the like. This can be done manually, mechanically, or chemically.

4. Select The Best Maize Variety

Maize varieties are also known as corn species.

All over the world, there are many species like sweet corn, flour corn, waxy corn, Hopi maize, and a whole lot more. But the most popular ones found in Nigeria are yellow maize and white maize.

5. Plant The Seeds

The two major seasons for planting is called Early Season and Late Season. Early seasons begin in March/April while, right after the rain begins, while the late season begins in August.

Your seeds can be planted by hand or machine after the soil has been tilled to a depth of 6 inches. Next, you make mounds and put in four kernels of corn facing upwards.

6. Fertilize and Control Pest

Starting a maize farm without making provisions for pest control and fertilization is like setting up oneself for failure. Infestation can cause a loss of up to 80% of crops without proper care. Examples of some maize pests stated by MukaNet Agric Blog are;

Helicoverpa armigera (corn earworm)
True wireworm (soil insect)
False wireworm
Heteronyx spp Sericesthis (feeds on maize roots)
Maize leafhoppers
Green vegetable bugs (GVB)
Two-spotted mite
White fringed weevil
Leaf beetles
Caterpillar

7. Harvest Time

Depending on the variety and weather, your harvesting time can be between 2 to 5 months. Usually, 3 months is enough time.

It can be harvested as soon as the ears turn dark green, the silk turns brown and the kernels are soft and plump.

When harvesting, you pull the ears of the stalk with your hand.

Machines like corn-pickers can be used.

8. Market! Market!! Market!!!

Thanks to the digital age, there are many ways of creating awareness for your product.

Meeting potential clients, even though profitable, is not enough to market your corn, especially if you plan on producing on a large scale.

To entice big clients and companies, make pitches, and take advantage of digital marketing.

Own a website with valuable crop-like content, SEOs, Display Ads, social media community management, and so on.

The first step to starting a successful farming business is to get started. You need to take the leap of faith and make things happen for yourself.

If you follow the steps mentioned in this article, you are just a few steps to making things happen.

Are you ready to start a maize farm? Wonderful. Let us know what you need and how you are preparing to get started.

[…] If you want to know how to start a maize farm, I have an article that takes you through the process without stress. Read it HERE […]

I love this article, well explanatory and educative.

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How To Start Maize Farming Business In Nigeria

Entrepreneurs.ng
June 15, 2020

Maize farming is a profitable agribusiness widely cultivated throughout the world. It is an important staple food and one of the main cereal crops in West Africa. It is one of the most consumed cereal after sorghum, millet, and rice.

Maize is a versatile crop used both domestically and industrially. It’s used for flour milling, brewing, bread baking, confectionery, manufacturing, and animal feeding. It is an important source of carbohydrate, protein, iron, vitamin B, and minerals, and can be consumed in the form of porridge, pap, grits, popcorn, etc. Freshly harvested corn can be eaten in a roasted or boiled form.

Start Your Business in 30 Days Even If You Don't Have An Idea

Owning to the increasing Nigerian population, the demand for maize both for domestic and industrial purposes has been on the rise. Hence, there is a need to heavily invest in this business area.

Do you have an interest in agribusiness? Maize farming is a good agribusiness to invest in.

Watch the full video on how to start the maize farming business here. Also, subscribe to our channel to get more business ideas and insights.

Maize Farming In Nigeria

Maize also called corn is a popular farming business in Nigeria. It is usually done on a small and large scale in every part of the country, but mostly in the Northern region for commercial purposes.

Today, Nigeria is the 11th largest producer of maize in the world, and the 2nd largest producer in Africa after South Africa. The process has become easier especially through the use of modern tools from farming to the processing stage.

It has remained a key food crop in Africa, Latin America, and Asia. Maize serves as one of the basic human food in Nigeria and as a raw material for cereal production in many manufacturing companies, like Nestle, Kelloggs, and beer production in brewery companies.

Little monetary investment in maize farming can yield a great profit. For instance, the hybrid maize with a mechanized system of farming can yield up to 10.2 tonnes per hectare, while the manual type of cultivation can yield up to 2.1 tonnes per hectare.

See Also: How To Start A Fish Farming Business In Nigeria

Uses Of Maize

Maize has several alternative uses. For humans, its calorie content is high much more than rice and wheat. It is an important source of vitamin B, iron, carbohydrate, and protein.

Also, it can be used or processed traditionally by wet and dry milling methods to give a variety of food products. For instance, in Nigeria, it is used to produce foods unique to the different region such as; ogi (pap), fufu, corn pottage, tuwo masara, corn pudding, pito, donkwa, kokoro, aadun, gwate, etc.

For animals, it is one of the favourite raw materials for animal feed production. This is because it provides livestock with the required nutritional content and is preferred by farmers. It is a large component of commercial chicken feed, catfish, cow, goat, e.t.c

In addition, maize is in demand for industrial raw material due to its high starch content. The starch can be processed into additives, agents, and ingredients such as; ethanol, dextrose, sorbitol, dextrin, sorbic, and lactic acid. The ingredients can then be used for glue, starch, batteries, shoe polish, paint, ink, cosmetics, perfumes, etc.

Also, it can be used to produce edible items like beer, drinks, syrup, medicine, ice cream, etc.

Basically, the market for maize is huge, both in Nigeria and every other part of the world. I have highlighted step by steps plan on how to start the maize farming business and become successful at it.

Go from idea to starting your business in 30 days

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Cost of starting a maize farming business

How To Start Maize Farming

Starting maize farming is not a difficult thing to do. If you are aiming to venture into this business, below are the basic steps to kick start the process.

Step 1: Register The Business

The first step in every business venture is to register the business. It is a step that involves the Corporate Affairs Commission (CAC), an agency responsible for registering businesses in Nigeria. Your business can be registered as a one-man business or as a limited liability company.

Whichever you decide, it should be in line with your company’s goals and long-term objectives. All you need is to pick a unique name, then, get other necessary requirements like valid means of ID and other details and start the process.

To start the process, log on to the official website of CAC or contact ReDahlia . ReDahlia is located at 43B Emina Crescent, off Toyin Street, Ikeja Lagos. It is a company that offers business support services like business registration, co-working spaces , and consultation services. ReDahlia makes the registration process seamless and affordable for businesses.

With a registered business, you can open a corporate bank account for easy transactions with clients. Also, you have access to loans and other business support opportunities when your business is registered.

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Step 2: Create A Business Plan

Creating a business plan is a vital part of every successful business. It is a document that states the vision, mission, aims, and objectives of the business.

A viable business plan for maize farming should contain the industry overview, market analysis, operation cost, pricing, swot analysis, and the financial projections for the first 1-5 years of operation.

Having a business plan will give you access to grants , bank loans , and other funds tailored to farmers.

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Step 3: Secure Funding

It’s easy to secure funding if you are in the agricultural business. For example, the Nigerian government through the Bank of Agriculture (BOA) provides agricultural loans to farmers.

Asides from the government, you can approach investors or team up with other farmers to form a partnership.

If you have savings or assets you can liquidate to raise money for the business. Also, you can use crowdfunding to raise money for your business.

The bulk of the capital will go into land acquisition and preparation, purchasing seed, labour cost, purchasing working tools and equipment, pesticides, marketing and processing.

If you have enough funds, getting all these mechanical equipment can make the business very easy. They are:

Hoe/rototiller
Soil cultivator
Broadcast seeder
Transplanter

Step 4: Choose A Land

The ideal land for maize farming is a well-drained sandy loam or loamy soil. Although it can be grown on every land, it is more ideal to cultivate maize on a loamy soil or forest and savanna regions. It grows well under a temperature of 26 – 30 ° C with rainfall of between 75 to 150cm per annum.

Also, the soil needs to be rich in organic content and should have a good water retention capacity. So, in choosing a land, you must consider all of these factors.

Besides, you can look into getting 2-3 hectares of land in some of the major maize producing states like Adamawa, Kebbi, Jigawa, Niger, Nassarawa, Sokoto, etc, or in other regions of your choice.

Once you have land, the next thing is to prepare the land for planting.

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Step 5: Prepare The Land

Land preparation can be done mechanically, chemical, or manually. The most important thing is to remove the weeds and remains of the previously grown crops from the land.

Then, keep the soil loose for a good seedbed. Also, plough the land to bring the soil to a fine tilth by preserving the topsoil when uprooting and clearing trees.

Once the land has been prepared, the maize should be planted immediately. This will allow the maize to germinate ahead of weeds. But, if the land has been used for maize cultivation before, you can incorporate residue of the previous crop into the soil.

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Step 6: Plant The Seed

There are two major seasons/periods for planting maize in Nigeria; the early season and late season.

For the early season, if your land is in the forest zone, the best time for planting is between 15 March to 1 April, or as soon as rainfall is steady. But, if in the derived Savannah zone, it is best to plant as soon as rainfall is steady especially in April. In the Southern Guinea Savannah Zone, planting is best for May and June depending on the rainfall.

Examples of the maize varieties for early season are;

Yellow Open-Pollinated Varieties – Western Yellow 1: TZSR-Y-1 (Streak Resistant), Western Yellow 1: TZSR-Y-1 (Streak Resistant)
Yellow Hybrid Varieties – 8425-8; 8329-15
White Open-Pollinated Varieties – TZPB (FARZ 27); TZB (FARZ 34)
White hybrids – 8321-18; 9022-19; (Striga Resistant).

For the late season, plant preferably between the first half of the month, August (1-15) in areas where rainfall is likely to be adequate. In this time, you can plant early maturing streak and/or downy mildew resistant varieties. Such as;

Yellow Open-Pollinated Varieties e.g Tzesr-y, Dmr-esry.
White-open pollinated varieties e.g TZESR-W, DMR-ESRW.
Popcorn e.g White Pop, Yellow composite.

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How To Plant

As soon as the seed has been decided, the next thing is to plant. Maize seed can be planted by hand (hoe) or with the use of a machine (rototiller). First of all, till the soil to a depth of 6 inches, then, make mounds or ridges and insert four kernels of corn facing upwards inside one mound and close the soil loosely. Continue this pattern for other mounds on the farm. If planted mechanically, the depth planting should not be more than 5 cm (2 inches).

Space the rows about 30-36 inches apart and repeat the same method for all the ridges.

Maize can be planted on the same land used for cassava farming and can be done side by side.

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Step 7: Control Pest And Diseases

Maize farming is susceptible to pests and diseases and this can cause great damage to the plants. If care is not taken, there can be a loss of about 10 to 100% depending on the time of their infection.

Some of the common weeds and diseases that infest maize are; downey mildew, rust, leaf blight, stalk, ear rots, leaf spots, maize streak virus, and striga. For instance, striga also called witchweed is one of the most dangerous weeds common in the Savanna area of Nigeria.

Also, there are pests like corn borers, wireworms, cutworms, flea beetles termites, storage insects, beetle, etc. Stem borer is very dangerous and can cause a loss of 20-40% during cultivation and 30-90% post-harvest storage.

In order to get a good yield and minimize the effects of pests and diseases, you can weed 3-4 times at regular intervals using a hoe or chemical with specified herbicides. Also, you can use herbicides/pesticides or appropriate chemicals like Nitrogen after two weeks of planting and at other intervals.

Nitrogen is a constituent element of protein and also integral components of other compounds essential for plant growth processes including chlorophyll and enzymatic processes. By adding it, the fertility level of the land will improve which will then yield a good crop.

In addition, you use traps or fence the farm round to prevent raccoons, bat, etc. Also, plant other disease-resistant varieties around the maize.

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Step 8: Harvest

Maize matures fast and so, you can harvest within 2-5 months of planting, depending on the variety and weather. As soon as the ears turn dark green, silk turns brown and kernels are soft and plump, it can be harvested. Harvesting can be manually or mechanically depending on the size of the land.

To harvest manually, pull the ears from the stalk of the plant with hand. You can use machines like corn-pickers or corn-shellers. These machines can harvest, shuck ears, and pre-clean the corn kernels.

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Step 9: Market The Product

It is not enough to have a product, the most important thing is knowing how to sell the product. And this requires creating awareness about your product.

In the case of maize, if you have big farmland, with a standard business structure in place, you can write proposals to manufacturing companies whose raw materials include maize. Write a detailed proposal and pitch what they stand to gain if they make you their supplier.

Also, build an online presence using a website optimised for search engines. Design a unique logo, business card, fliers, and make sure to distribute them to your target market.

Equally, leverage social media platforms and build a community on Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, etc. On these platforms, you can post the daily activities going on the farm. This way, you are sure to create awareness and be patronised by your audience once the crop is ready.

More so, you can sell the products directly to local traders, roadside roasters, or individuals. In addition, build relationships with other farmers; both crop and livestock farmers. They can refer businesses to you.

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Maize farming in Nigeria does not require a lot of training or capital before you can start. It is a sustainable business with a high chance of survival. Once there is adequate rainfall, good climate condition and you are diligent by following the highlighted steps, you are on your way to success.

Do you have an interest in starting a maize farming business in Nigeria, and you find this article helpful? Please share it with your audience. Also, do share your thoughts in the comments.

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How To Start A Lucrative Maize Farming Business In Nigeria Or Africa: The Complete Guide

Maize farming is an important agricultural practice in Nigeria and Africa. It is a vital crop in terms of food and income for smallholder farmers. Nigeria is the largest producer of maize in Africa and the 14th largest in the world. The crop is grown in all parts of the country, with major production areas located in the Northern and Southern parts of the country. According to the National Bureau of Statistics, in 2019, Nigeria produced over 11 million metric tonnes of maize, which is a significant increase from the previous year’s production.

Maize farming is an essential source of food for both humans and animals, and it has a wide range of applications in different industries. It is also a major raw material for industrial production in various sectors, such as the food and beverage, pharmaceutical, and textile industries. Maize production has the potential to contribute significantly to the growth and development of the Nigerian and African economies. In addition, the demand for maize is increasing rapidly, both locally and globally, which creates an opportunity for maize farmers to explore the export market.

Nigeria has a comparative advantage in the production of maize, and it has the potential to increase export earnings from this crop. With the right investments, policies, and support, maize farming could help to reduce poverty, create jobs, and stimulate economic growth in Nigeria and Africa.

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What Is Maize?

Maize, also known as corn, is a cereal crop widely cultivated for its edible grains. The scientific name for maize is Zea mays. It is a staple food in many parts of the world, including Nigeria and Africa, and is used for a variety of purposes, including human consumption, animal feed, and industrial products such as ethanol.

What Is Maize Farming In Nigeria and Africa About?

Maize farming, also known as corn farming, is the cultivation of maize plants for the purpose of producing maize grains or ears, which are used for human and animal consumption. Maize is an important crop in Nigeria and Africa, as it is a staple food for many communities and is used as a source of raw material for various industries.

Maize farming is a highly profitable business in Nigeria and Africa, as it provides income for farmers and supports the country’s economy. The crop is relatively easy to grow, and the market for maize is always high, making it an attractive crop for smallholder and commercial farmers alike.

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Benefits of Maize Farming In Nigeria and Africa

Maize, also known as corn, is an important crop for food and feed production in Nigeria and Africa. Here are ten benefits of maize farming in Nigeria and Africa:

Food production: Maize is a staple food crop in Nigeria and Africa and is used to make a variety of food products such as maize flour, pap, porridge, and snacks.
Livestock feed: Maize is an important ingredient in animal feed production and is used to feed poultry, cattle, and pigs.
Income generation: Maize farming provides income for farmers in Nigeria and Africa, who can sell their produce in local and international markets.
Job creation: Maize farming creates employment opportunities for both skilled and unskilled workers in the agricultural sector.
Nutritional benefits: Maize is a good source of carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and essential nutrients like vitamin A, B, and E.
Crop rotation: Maize is an ideal crop for crop rotation, which helps to improve soil fertility and reduce the risk of pests and diseases.
Climate resilience: Maize is a hardy crop that can grow in a variety of climates, making it a valuable crop for smallholder farmers in Nigeria and Africa.
Export opportunities: Nigeria and Africa have the potential to export maize to other countries, creating opportunities for international trade and income generation.
Sustainable farming practices: Maize farming can be done using sustainable farming practices, such as conservation agriculture and integrated pest management, which promote environmental conservation.
Contribution to the national economy: Maize farming contributes significantly to the economy of Nigeria and Africa, with Nigeria being the largest producer of maize in Africa.

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Health Benefits of Maize

Maize, also known as corn, is a staple food in many parts of the world, including Nigeria and Africa. It is a rich source of carbohydrates, fiber, vitamins, and minerals, making it an essential component of a healthy diet. Here are 15 health benefits of maize to the body:

Provides energy: Maize is a rich source of carbohydrates, which provide the body with energy.
Promotes digestion: The fiber in maize helps to promote digestive health by regulating bowel movements and preventing constipation.
Regulates blood sugar: Maize is a low glycemic index food, which means it helps to regulate blood sugar levels.
Supports heart health: Maize contains antioxidants and fiber, which help to reduce the risk of heart disease by lowering cholesterol levels and preventing the buildup of plaque in the arteries.
Boosts immunity: Maize is rich in vitamin C, which helps to boost the immune system and protect the body against infections.
Improves vision: Maize contains carotenoids, which are beneficial for eye health and can help to prevent age-related macular degeneration.
Aids in weight management: The fiber in maize helps to promote satiety, making it a good food choice for weight management.
Promotes healthy skin: The antioxidants in maize help to protect the skin from damage caused by free radicals, and the vitamin C helps to promote collagen production, which keeps the skin looking youthful.
Regulates blood pressure: Maize is a good source of potassium, which helps to regulate blood pressure.
Reduces inflammation: Maize contains anti-inflammatory compounds, which can help to reduce inflammation in the body and prevent chronic diseases.
Supports brain health: Maize is a good source of B vitamins, which are essential for brain health and cognitive function.
Provides essential minerals: Maize is a good source of essential minerals such as magnesium, phosphorus, and zinc, which are important for overall health.
Helps prevent birth defects: Maize is rich in folate, which is essential for fetal development and can help to prevent birth defects.
Supports bone health: Maize contains vitamin K, which helps to promote bone health and prevent osteoporosis.
Enhances energy production: Maize is a good source of thiamine, which helps to convert carbohydrates into energy and support healthy metabolism.

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Business opportunities in maize farming in nigeria and africa.

Here are ten business opportunities associated with maize farming in Nigeria and Africa:

Maize farming itself: Maize farming is a viable business opportunity for individuals who want to venture into agriculture.
Production and sale of maize seeds: You can produce and sell high-quality maize seeds to other farmers.
Maize processing: Maize processing involves the conversion of raw maize into finished products such as maize flour, corn flakes, and maize grits. This presents a significant business opportunity for entrepreneurs.
Sale of agricultural inputs: You can start a business that sells agricultural inputs such as fertilizer, pesticides, and herbicides to maize farmers.
Production and sale of animal feed: Maize is a critical ingredient in animal feed. By producing and selling animal feed, you can tap into the livestock industry.
Maize exportation: Maize is in high demand globally. You can export maize to other countries and earn foreign exchange.
Production and sale of maize-based snacks: Maize-based snacks such as popcorn, chips, and roasted maize are popular in Nigeria and Africa. You can produce and sell these snacks as a business opportunity.
Maize storage and warehousing: As a maize farmer, you can also invest in storage and warehousing facilities for maize. This allows you to store maize during the off-season and sell it when the price is right.
Transportation and logistics: You can provide transportation and logistics services to maize farmers and traders, helping them to move their products from the farm to the market.
Maize trading: Maize trading involves buying and selling maize as a commodity. By becoming a maize trader, you can make a profit from the price difference between the buying and selling price.

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Facts About Maize Farming In Nigeria and Africa

Here are 20 facts about maize farming in Nigeria and Africa:

Maize is one of the most important staple crops in Africa, with a high demand for its grains for human consumption and as animal feed.
Maize is a versatile crop that can be grown in a variety of soils and climatic conditions, making it suitable for farming in many African countries.
Nigeria is the largest maize producer in Africa and the 8th largest in the world, with an estimated production of 11.3 million tons in 2021.
Other major maize-producing countries in Africa include South Africa, Tanzania, Kenya, and Uganda.
Maize can be cultivated year-round in some parts of Africa, especially in countries with tropical and sub-tropical climates.
Maize is highly adaptable and can be grown on small-scale farms as well as large commercial farms.
Maize farming in Africa provides employment opportunities for millions of people, from small-scale farmers to large commercial farms.
Maize is used as a raw material in various industries, such as food processing, animal feed production, and biofuel production.
Maize farming in Africa can help to reduce poverty and food insecurity, as it provides a source of income for farmers and a source of food for consumers.
Maize farming in Africa is generally rain-fed, which means that the success of the crop is largely dependent on the amount and timing of rainfall.
The use of improved maize varieties and hybrid seeds can increase maize yields and improve farmers’ incomes.
Pests and diseases are a major challenge to maize farming in Africa, and the use of integrated pest management strategies is important for controlling them.
Maize farmers in Africa face challenges such as limited access to finance, inadequate infrastructure, and poor market linkages.
The development of maize value chains in Africa can help to address some of these challenges and increase farmers’ incomes.
Maize is an important crop for food security and nutrition in Africa, as it provides a source of carbohydrates, proteins, and other essential nutrients.
Maize is an important source of income for many women in Africa, who are involved in maize farming and post-harvest activities such as processing and marketing.
Maize farming in Africa is an important contributor to rural development, as it provides employment opportunities and stimulates economic growth in rural areas.
The development of maize-based products such as maize flour, cornmeal, and grits can create new business opportunities in the food processing industry.
The production of high-quality maize for export can generate foreign exchange earnings for African countries.
Sustainable maize farming practices such as conservation agriculture, crop rotation, and agroforestry can help to improve soil fertility and reduce the environmental impact of maize farming in Africa.

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Types Of Maize Farming Businesses In Nigeria and Africa

There are several types of maize farming businesses that one can venture into in Nigeria and Africa. These include:

Commercial Maize Farming: This type of farming involves cultivating maize for commercial purposes and selling the produce for profit. It requires a large expanse of land, modern farming equipment, and good farming practices.
Subsistence Maize Farming: This type of farming is carried out by small-scale farmers who cultivate maize for their personal consumption and for sale in the local market.
Contract Maize Farming: This involves entering into an agreement with an off-taker who will provide the farmer with the necessary inputs and technical assistance, and in turn, the farmer will sell the harvested maize to the off-taker at a pre-agreed price.
Mechanized Maize Farming: This type of farming utilizes modern farm machinery such as tractors, planters, and harvesters to cultivate large hectares of maize farms.
Organic Maize Farming: This type of farming involves growing maize without the use of synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, and other chemicals. Organic maize farming is becoming increasingly popular due to the growing demand for organic foods.
Maize Processing Business: This involves adding value to maize by processing it into various products such as maize flour, grits, and other food items.
Maize Export Business: This involves producing maize for export to other countries. With Nigeria being the largest maize producer in Africa, there are several opportunities for exporting maize to other African countries and beyond.
Maize Seed Production Business: This involves producing and selling high-quality maize seeds to farmers for planting.
Maize Storage and Marketing Business: This involves providing storage facilities for maize and marketing the produce on behalf of farmers.
Maize Distribution Business: This involves the distribution of maize to various buyers such as food processing companies, animal feed producers, and other end-users.

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Types Of Maize Used For Maize Farming In Nigeria and Africa

Maize, also known as corn, is an important cereal crop that is widely grown in Nigeria and Africa. The type of maize used for farming can have a significant impact on the yield and quality of the crop. Here are some of the types of maize used for maize farming in Nigeria and Africa:

White maize: This is the most common type of maize used for human consumption and for livestock feed.
Yellow maize: This type of maize is often used for animal feed, but it can also be used for human consumption, as it is rich in beta-carotene.
Sweet maize: This type of maize is grown for its sweet taste and is often used for making cornflakes, popcorn, and other sweet maize products.
Waxy maize: This type of maize has a higher starch content and is often used in the production of corn syrup and other processed foods.
Dent maize: This is a hardy variety of maize that is often used for animal feed, but it can also be used for human consumption, as it is high in protein.
Flour maize: This type of maize is grown for its high starch content and is often used for making flour, which is used in a wide range of food products.

The choice of maize variety depends on the intended use of the maize, as well as the local growing conditions and climate. Farmers in Nigeria and Africa often choose a variety that is well-suited to their local conditions and can provide a high yield and quality crop.

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The Planting & Harvesting Seasons For Maize In Nigeria and Africa

Maize, scientifically known as Zea mays, is a staple crop in Nigeria and Africa. It is commonly grown by smallholder farmers for both subsistence and commercial purposes. The planting and harvest season for maize vary depending on the location and climatic conditions.

In Nigeria, the planting season for maize begins in March or April and continues until May or June. The harvest season for maize starts in August or September and lasts until November or December. In the northern part of Nigeria, where the climate is dry and arid, farmers plant maize during the rainy season, which usually starts in June and ends in September. In the southern part of Nigeria, where the climate is humid, maize can be planted during both the rainy and dry seasons.

In other parts of Africa, the planting and harvest seasons for maize also vary depending on the region’s climatic conditions. In East Africa, for instance, maize is typically planted in March or April and harvested between July and September. In Southern Africa, the planting season for maize begins in October or November, while the harvest season starts in March or April.

Overall, the planting and harvest seasons for maize in Nigeria and Africa depend on the region’s climatic conditions, soil fertility, and farming practices.

How To Start Maize Farming In Nigeria: Step-By-Step Guide

Starting a maize farming business in Nigeria and Africa can be a lucrative and rewarding venture, but it requires careful planning and execution. Here is a step-by-step guide on how to start maize farming in Nigeria and Africa:

Conduct research: Conduct thorough research about maize farming, including the right season, land preparation, seed selection, and best farming practices.
Choose a suitable location: Choose a location with fertile soil, adequate rainfall, and enough sunlight.
Obtain necessary permits: Obtain necessary permits from the appropriate authorities and register your business.
Acquire farming equipment: Acquire the necessary farming equipment, including tractors, plows, and harvesters.
Choose the right seed variety: Select the appropriate maize seed variety that is well-suited for the soil type and climatic conditions in your region. It is recommended to use certified seed to ensure better yield.
Plant the seeds: Plant the seeds at the right depth and spacing, and ensure they are adequately watered. Maize should be planted in rows to allow for easy management and weed control.
Harvest the crop: Harvest the crop when the maize is ripe, and dry it properly to avoid mold and rot.
Market the maize: Sell the maize in the local or regional markets or to exporters.

Starting a maize farming business requires hard work, dedication, and proper planning. By following these steps, you can establish a successful maize farming business in Nigeria and Africa.

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How To Plant, Grow & Harvest Maize In Nigeria or Africa

Choose the Right Variety: There are various varieties of maize available in Nigeria and Africa, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. It is important to choose a variety that is well-suited for your particular area, taking into account factors such as soil type, climate, and pest and disease resistance.
Prepare the Land: The land should be cleared of all vegetation and debris before planting. Plowing and harrowing the soil will ensure a loose, friable seedbed that allows for good seed-to-soil contact and water penetration.
Apply Fertilizer: Maize requires a lot of nutrients to grow properly. Soil testing can help determine the appropriate amount and type of fertilizer to apply. Applying organic matter such as manure can also help improve soil fertility.
Plant at the Right Time: The best time to plant maize is during the rainy season, when there is adequate soil moisture. Planting too early or too late can result in poor yields.
Plant at the Right Depth: Maize seeds should be planted at a depth of about 5-8 cm. Planting too shallow or too deep can result in poor germination and uneven emergence.
Space Plants Properly: Maize plants should be spaced about 60-90 cm apart, depending on the variety. Proper spacing allows for good air circulation and reduces competition for nutrients and water.
Weed Regularly: Weeds can compete with maize plants for nutrients, water, and sunlight. Regular weeding helps keep the field clean and reduces competition.
Irrigate as Needed: If rainfall is inadequate, supplemental irrigation may be necessary to ensure good growth and yield.
Monitor for Pests and Diseases: Maize is susceptible to a number of pests and diseases, including stem borers, armyworms, and rust. Regular scouting and proper management can help reduce damage and losses.
Harvest at the Right Time: Maize is usually ready for harvest about 3-4 months after planting. Harvesting too early or too late can result in poor quality and reduced yields.
Dry and Store Properly: After harvesting, maize should be dried to a moisture content of 13-15% to prevent spoilage during storage. Proper storage conditions, such as using clean, dry containers and protecting against rodents and insects, can also help ensure quality and reduce losses.
Rotate Crops: Maize is a heavy feeder that can deplete soil nutrients over time. Rotating with other crops such as legumes or vegetables can help maintain soil fertility and reduce pest and disease pressure.
Use Improved Varieties: Improved varieties of maize, developed through breeding and genetic engineering, can offer higher yields, better pest and disease resistance, and other desirable traits.
Practice Sustainable Farming: Practices such as conservation tillage, cover cropping, and agroforestry can help improve soil health, reduce erosion, and promote biodiversity.

How To Process & Package Maize In Nigeria or Africa

Processing and packaging maize in Nigeria and Africa involves several steps that are critical to ensuring that the final product is of high quality and suitable for human consumption or industrial use. Here is a step-by-step guide on how to process and package maize in Nigeria and Africa:

Harvesting: The first step in processing maize is harvesting. The maize is typically harvested by hand or using a machine. The maize should be harvested at the right time, usually when the grains are fully mature and dry.
Drying: After harvesting, the maize is dried to reduce moisture content to prevent mold growth during storage. The maize can be dried in the sun or using a mechanical dryer. It is important to ensure that the maize is thoroughly dried before processing.
Cleaning and sorting: The dried maize is cleaned and sorted to remove impurities such as stones, dirt, and broken grains. This can be done using a winnowing basket, sieve, or an electronic sorter.
Milling: The cleaned maize is then milled into flour using a maize mill. The milling process can be done manually or using a machine. The maize flour can be further processed into various products, such as cornmeal, grits, and masa.
Packaging: The maize flour is then packaged into bags or containers. The packaging material should be clean, dry, and airtight to prevent contamination and insect infestation.
Storage: The packaged maize flour is then stored in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated area to prevent moisture buildup and insect infestation.

By following these steps, you can process and package maize in Nigeria and Africa to meet the demands of the market.

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Types Of Equipment & Tools Used In The Maize Farming Business In Nigeria or Africa

Processing and packaging maize involves a series of steps that require specific equipment to be used. Here is a step-by-step guide to the equipment needed for processing, packaging, and supplying maize in Nigeria and Africa:

Tractors and harvesters: Tractors are essential for land preparation and planting of maize. Harvesters are also used during the harvesting season to remove the maize grains from the cobs.
Drying machines: After harvesting, maize is usually wet and needs to be dried to prevent spoilage. Drying machines are used to remove moisture from the maize grains. This is important to prevent the growth of fungi and bacteria that can lead to spoilage.
Shelling machines: Shelling machines are used to separate the maize grains from the cob. This is a crucial step in the processing of maize, as it helps to improve the quality of the maize grains and makes it easier to store.
Milling machines: Milling machines are used to grind maize grains into flour or meal. This is an important step in the processing of maize, as it is the most commonly used form of maize in Africa.
Packaging machines: After milling, maize flour or meal is usually packaged in different sizes for sale. Packaging machines are used to weigh, fill, and seal bags of maize flour or meal.
Storage facilities: Proper storage of maize is crucial to prevent spoilage and ensure its quality is maintained. Storage facilities should be kept dry and free of pests, and should have good ventilation to prevent moisture buildup.

By using these equipment, maize can be processed and packaged efficiently for distribution and sale.

Target Market For The Maize Farming Business In Nigeria or Africa

Target Market for Maize in Nigeria and Africa:

Local Food Markets: Maize is a staple food in many African countries, including Nigeria. The local food markets are the primary target for maize farmers as most households depend on maize as their primary source of food. Maize is used to prepare various meals, including pap, akamu, eko, and tuwo masara, among others.
Animal Feed Production: Maize is a vital ingredient in animal feed production in Nigeria and Africa. Poultry, pigs, and other livestock feed on maize to maintain their health and weight. Therefore, maize farmers target animal feed companies and livestock farmers to sell their produce.
Industrial Use: Maize is used in various industries, including the pharmaceutical and paper industry. Therefore, maize farmers can target these industries to sell their maize produce.
Export Markets: Nigeria and Africa have a growing export market for maize. Maize farmers can target international buyers and exporters to sell their maize produce.

See Also: How To Start A Lucrative Import/Export Business In Nigeria and Africa: The Complete Guide

How To Sell or Market Maize Products In Nigeria or Africa

Direct selling: Farmers can directly sell their maize produce to consumers at local markets or directly to processing companies.
Cooperative marketing: Farmers can form cooperatives to jointly sell their maize produce to bulk buyers such as processing companies or government agencies.
Contract farming: Farmers can enter into contractual agreements with processing companies or exporters to produce maize according to certain specifications and at a predetermined price.
Online marketing: Farmers can use e-commerce platforms and social media to sell their maize produce to customers across the country.
Export: Farmers can export their maize produce to international markets where there is a high demand for maize.
Government procurement: Farmers can sell their maize produce to government agencies that procure maize for national food security programs.
Animal feed production: Farmers can sell their maize produce to animal feed processing companies that use maize as a key ingredient in animal feed production.
Processing: Farmers can process their maize produce into various value-added products such as corn flour, cornmeal, and popcorn, and sell them to consumers.
Value addition: Farmers can add value to their maize produce by processing it into products such as cornflakes, corn oil, and corn syrup, and sell them to consumers.
Farm-to-table restaurants: Farmers can partner with restaurants and hotels to supply them with fresh maize produce for their menus.

See Also: How To Start A Lucrative Snail Farming Business In Nigeria And Africa: The Complete Guide + eBook

Challenges Of Maize Farming In Nigeria and Africa

Climate change and weather variations: Unpredictable weather patterns, droughts, floods, and other environmental challenges make maize farming a difficult venture.
Pest infestations and diseases: Maize crops can be damaged by pests and diseases, which can lead to poor yields and low-quality crops.
Inadequate storage facilities: Poor storage can lead to post-harvest losses and lower prices for maize farmers.
Limited access to capital: Most small-scale maize farmers in Nigeria and Africa do not have access to capital, which can make it difficult for them to invest in their farms.
Lack of access to quality inputs: Poor-quality seeds and fertilizers can lead to low yields and poor-quality maize.
Lack of access to markets: Poor transport infrastructure and limited access to markets can make it difficult for farmers to sell their maize.
Poor post-harvest management: Lack of knowledge and poor post-harvest management can lead to poor-quality maize and post-harvest losses.
Soil erosion: Soil erosion can lead to poor soil quality and low yields.
Land degradation: Overuse of land and poor farming practices can lead to land degradation, which can make it difficult to grow maize.
High cost of labour: The high cost of labour in Nigeria and Africa can make it difficult for maize farmers to hire workers.
Limited access to technology: Limited access to technology can make it difficult for farmers to adopt modern farming practices that can increase yields and quality.
Inadequate extension services: Inadequate extension services make it difficult for farmers to access information and knowledge that can help them improve their farming practices.
Lack of government support: The lack of government support for small-scale maize farmers can make it difficult for them to access the resources and support they need to grow their businesses.
Competition with other crops: Maize farmers face competition from other crops, such as cassava, yams, and rice.
Insecurity: Insecurity in some parts of Nigeria and Africa can make it difficult for farmers to access their farms or sell their crops, which can lead to significant losses

To Sum It Up

Maize farming is a crucial agricultural activity in Nigeria and Africa as a whole, with high demand for its products in various industries. The benefits of maize farming are vast, ranging from economic to social benefits such as job creation and poverty reduction. The business opportunities in maize farming include the production and sale of maize products, distribution, and exportation.

Maize farming faces some challenges, including pests and diseases, inadequate infrastructure, and market accessibility. However, with proper planning and execution, maize farming can be a profitable venture for farmers in Nigeria and Africa.

Starting a maize farming business requires careful consideration of various factors, including land selection, seed selection, and market analysis. Farmers can employ modern farming techniques and technologies such as mechanization, precision farming, and proper irrigation to improve yield and quality.

To sell and market maize products, farmers can explore various marketing channels such as cooperatives, agro-allied industries, and e-commerce platforms. With the right marketing strategy, farmers can increase their product visibility and profitability.

In conclusion, maize farming presents a significant opportunity for farmers in Nigeria and Africa to increase their income and contribute to the country’s economic growth. With the right resources, knowledge, and commitment, maize farming can be a lucrative business venture.

See Also: How To Start A Business In Nigeria and Africa: The Complete Guide

Professional Business Plan Writing Service Writing a bank and investor ready professional MAIZE farming business plan can be challenging. If you need a professional and affordable business plan service, STARTUPTIPSDAILY’S MBA STANDARD PROFESSIONAL BUSINESS PLAN WRITING SERVICE is perfect for your business. All you have to do is request an understanding of your proposed business model, and you’d have a professional MBA standard business plan ready for you in anywhere from 5 to 14 days. YOU CAN CLICK HERE TO GET STARTED WITH USING STARTUPTIPSDAILY’S PROFESSIONAL BUSINESS PLAN WRITING SERVICE TO CREATE THE PERFECT BUSINESS PLAN THAT’D GET ACCEPTED ANYWHERE.

What are your thoughts on how to start maize farming in Nigeria, Africa, or any other part of the world? Let me know by leaving a comment below.

21 Comments

GOOD MORNING I HAVE BEEN APPLYING FOR AGRIC TO DO CASSAVA BUSINESS BUT I HAVE GET ANY PLS HELP ME I DON’T HAVE ANYBODY IN GOVT.

Hi Okemini,

Where have you been applying to?

Your page is very educative and insightful. You have just armed me with all I need to do what I plan to do this year and beyond – farm. I need your input on where I can get the kind of breed for corn seedling for area Jos in Plateau state and Askira-Uba in Borno state. I will be very happy if you can inbox me with this information. [email protected]

I will also like to get an input from you on how to farm Soya bean in Jos area in Plateau state. I will also like to tell me the best breed to farm in that area. What kind of fertilizer is used in Soya bean farming? Providing me this input will ease a lot of stress off me.

I’d advice you visit any local agricultural association in Jos to best get the answers you need.

From what you’ve mentioned, it appears the local climatic conditions in Jos determines what type of seed can grow there.

By getting a direct information from the local agric associations in your state, you can know what best to do directly.

Thank you for asking.

Hi. I have enjoyed your posts, especially Agric posts. I have a desire for pig farming. Can you please, refer me to a farm i can learn from? Regards.

[email protected]

I can’t directly refer any now. But soon, I’ll make this information available on the website.

Do lookout for them.

Love Maize farming..

You are truely a blessing to our generation. I pray for more of your type in this our politically cheated & siphon society

Thank you for the kind words Pastor Isaiah.

Do have a wonderful time!

Thanks so much sir for your information. What type of fertilizer is good for both maize and cassava plantation and what is the application ratio?

Hi Olugbemiga,

I’d advise you reach out to the Cassava Growers Association of Nigeria for that.

They have data based on several farm inputs and will have up-to-date information that’d help you.

I have a farm and I plan to do more of maize come next plant season. My challenge is hiring a farm nanager. I have plantain already and hope to grow into poultry and fishery.

Any idea to solve this challenge will be appreciated. Farm is remote between Sapele and Eku in Delta state.

Please put up a job advert on job sites.

Am interested mr Dapo in the managerial position you talked about. Am graduate looking forward in developing myself in agricultural sector. I promise to be of good behaviour in accordance with the ethics of the profession. Thanks and God bless.

Starting a maize farm in Nigeria is quite easy, as the initial capital outlay is very low. The major expensive factor of production involved in this venture is the land, and this can be leased if the farmer does not have the capital to purchase one outrightly.

I must say I’m really impressed by this write-up. I have this agency currently providing grants to entrepreneurs and I was asked to submit a business plan on maize farming. I’m currently into maize farming; small scale though,so I want to know if u think its a good idea to edit this write up and send to them? I haven’t written any before so I would appreciate any help I could get.

Please send an email to [email protected] .

Good day mr.Stan,i belong to a farmer’s cooperative society which I planning to go into maize farming in cluster form.Sir,how can we get a viable business proposal for the business from your end?We are planning to start with 100 farmer’s each cultivating one hectares of maize farm.Thank you in advance for your kind assistance.

Hi Rasheed,

A very impressive write up. It taught me a lot.

Thank you for reading, Omasan.

Comments are closed.

How To Start A Maize Farm Business In Nigeria

What else could bring people of different tribes and cultures together like the taste of maize with pear? Each coming season, natives look forward to munching their cooked, roasted, or fried maize with coconut, pear, or whatever perfect combination they could make out of it.

Maize has become a household name in most families in Nigeria. Even individuals that own little gardens never fail to plant a few stands each season because they never want to miss out on the great taste of maize when harvest season comes.

Maize otherwise known as corn is a cereal crop and regular food produce in Nigeria. It is one of the most consumed cereals and it is consumed in different forms by both human beings and livestock .

It can be consumed as cooked maize or processed into other products such as pap, maize food, etc. Maize is also used for other products such as paints, textiles, etc. It is also used in pharmaceutical industries and as biofuels.

Page Contents

What is Maize Farming?

Maize farming is defined as the growing of maize crops for commercial purposes. Maize can be used for human or livestock consumption and it is also important for industrial use in the production of other products.

Maize farming is known to almost everyone who has lived in the local parts of Nigeria . However, not everyone can do this on a large and commercial scale.

Importance of Maize and Maize Farming

Below are some of the importance of maize

It is a source of food for humans and livestock.
Maize farming helps to create employment opportunities
It is used in the production of ethanol
It can be used in the production of flours
It is rich in vitamins A, B, C, and E
Maize is easier to cultivate
Maize grows fast thereby leading to a quick harvest
It can be used in the production of animal feed

Is Maize farming a Lucrative Business?

Maize is a very popular crop in Nigeria . Nigeria is the 11th largest producer of maize in the world and the second-largest producer in Africa after South Africa.

Apart from being eaten as food, maize can be used in making other food and beverage products. This has resulted in high demand from companies and manufacturers. A small investment in maize farming yields large profits and it does not require very large capital to start.

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The prospects in the maize farming business prompted me to write this article and I will be leading you on the steps to start a maize farming business in Nigeria

Create a Business Plan

Acquire Land in a good location

Land and Soil Preparation

Planting of Seeds

Watering of Plants

Pest and disease control.

Harvest of Maize

Sales of Maize

Creating a business plan is the first step to take when starting a maize farm. This involves taking time to understand the life cycle of maize and its growth.

Set out for a feasibility study on the market size interested in maize in your location, identify possible sales points, and mark out the possible challenges you are likely to face in the business. This will help you to prepare a proper strategic plan on how to best approach the business .

Acquire land in a good location

This is the next step after creating your business plan. Purchase, lease or rent land in a good location . Commercial maize farming requires extensive land. Agreements can also be entered with governments or communities that own big lands.

These communities can give you a large land space for use. This will reduce the cost of acquiring a large land. Security of land is very important and should be taken seriously. Fences should be constructed around the land. This will help to prevent thieves from entering the farm and will ensure the security of farm products and equipment.

This involves clearing bushes and trees, removal of debris, and tilling of the soil. Land preparation allows the soil to have access to sunlight and also helps to make the soil loose for planting. Land preparation is done manually with the use of hoe, cutlass and can also be done mechanically with the use of a tractor and other machines.

The soil should be kept loose to allow for easy penetration of water. Corn grows best in well-drained sandy soil. Ensure to apply organic manure to make the soil rich and fertile. Like most vegetables, corn grows best in soil with a pH between 5.8 and 6.8.

Corn requires up to 6 hours of sunlight daily. This is necessary when you are choosing a planting location. After the land has been prepared, planting should commence immediately

Planting of seeds

There is two major planting season for maize. The early planting season is between March and April while the late planting season is August. Purchase healthy and disease-free seeds and soak seeds in water before planting. Some of the maize varieties include:

Yellow Open-Pollinated Varieties – Western Yellow 1: TZSR-Y-1 (Streak Resistant)
Yellow Hybrid Varieties – 8425-8; 8329-15
White Open-Pollinated Varieties – TZPB (FARZ 27); TZB (FARZ 34)
White hybrids – 8321-18; 9022-19; (Striga Resistant).
Popcorn e.g White Pop, Yellow composite.

The soil should be tilted up to 6 inches deep with the use of a hoe and then the maize seeds should be inserted facing upwards and the soil closed loosely. Proper spacing should be kept while planting to avoid competition between maize.

Rows should be spaced 30 to 36 inches apart. You may choose to add compost and organic manure at planting time; corn is meant to grow rapidly. If you are confident that the soil is adequate, this can be skipped.

Maize thrives well in most soils, as far as they are deep (more than 1 meter) and fertile, and have a good water holding capacity. Maize needs 450 to 600 mm of water per season, which is mainly acquired from the soil moisture reserves.

About 15kg of grain is produced for each millimeter of water consumed. Watering should be done carefully to avoid overwatering the plant which can lead to death.

Appropriate pest control methods should be used to prevent the infestation of farms by pests. Scarecrows can be used to prevent birds from feeding on the crops before harvest. For small farms, nets can be put across to prevent birds from having access to the farm. Some of the diseases that affect maize crops are:

Cercospora leaf spot: Brown spot with yellow ring on leaves, lesions on leaves. It is a fungi disease and can be controlled by planting resistant varieties.
Charcoal Rot: Caused by fungi and leaves become rotten, the plant may break. It is controlled by practising crop rotation.
Maize Dwarf Mosaic: Chlorotic spot on leaves, which develop into a mosaic pattern, ear formation and development cease. It is a viral disease and can be controlled by planting a highly resistant variety.

Harvesting of Maize

Maize matures very fast, within 3–4 months of planting, the crop is ready for harvest, depending on which stage you want to harvest your crop but then harvesting of early maize is done by May and late Maize is harvested by October. Corn is ready for harvest about 20 days after the silk first appears.

At harvest time, the silk turns brown, but the husks are still green. Each stalk should have at least one ear near the top. When conditions are right, you may get another ear to lower down on the stalk. Remove corn ear from the standing crop, and store in a good storage facility to prevent insect attack.

Sales of maize can be done at local markets. Supplies can also be sent to manufacturing companies that use maize as their major raw material. Maize can also be sold to individuals and roadside roasters. Build a relationship with major maize distributors in your location to encourage fast sales of the product.

Maize farming is not capital intensive or laborious. Proper planning will ensure great profit in this business. It is a very lucrative sector in agriculture and farmers are encouraged to invest more resources into maize farming.

This article has provided you with all you need to start your maize farming business . You can also consult an experienced farm expert to help you when starting your business .

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Maize Farming in Nigeria: How to Get Started

Maize is a prominent cereal crop and one of Nigeria’s most essential staple foods . Because of its genetic versatility, it is the most commonly farmed plant in the nation, from the damp evergreen environment of the forest region to the arid ecosystem of the Sudan savanna. Maize farming is one of the most profitable types of farming in Nigeria.

In 2017, the Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) valued Nigeria’s maize industry to be at $6bn, which is about N2.5 trillion. Maize is in high demand in the country, local production only meets about 72% of the total annual demand for maize, according to data by the Federal Ministry of Agriculture , Nigeria churns out about 10.5 metric tons of maize annually while having a demand of 15 million metric tons. This indicates that there is a huge opportunity for intending local maize farmers or maize producers in Nigeria. You can read this maize farming in Nigeria facts blog post to get more insights.

You can also check out this blog on how to get started with farming in Nigeria .

This comprehensive guide includes detailed information on how to get started with maize farming in Nigeria.

How to Get Started with Maize Farming in Nigeria

Finding Suitable land and soil type
Clearing and preparation
Maize Farming Season and Planting
Fertilizers

Disease and Pest Control

Post Harvest

Finding Suitable Land and Soil Type

Maize cultivation is best suited for plain regions. Maize thrives in a variety of soil types, spanning from podzolic soils located in temperate areas to lush loamy soils in tropical climes. The most favorable soil for maize production is commonly thought to be deep, rich dark soils with plenty of nitrogen. Productive loamy soils on moderately flat, well-drained areas are also ideal for cultivation. Additionally, maize is grown in undulating lands and on the lower slopes of hills. Because the crop’s high yield depletes soil nutrients, it should be sown as the first plant in a crop rotation. Stay away from areas with trees, shaded regions, and ant hills if you want excellent yields. Avoid compacted, muddy, and clayey soils since maize is reactive to salinity and cannot handle waterlogging.

Clearing and Preparation

Land clearing should be done with the least amount of topsoil displacement possible. It necessitates the careful application of heavy machinery, as well as sound soil conservation methods to maintain the soil fertility condition, which varies during long-term fallow growth. Under intensive maize production, minimum cultivation is a viable technique to maintain high soil fertility.

The savannas do not require the same level of land preparation as the country’s forest zone. Land clearing must be conducted long before the rains commence in the Guinea grasslands, where the forest cover is very dense. Immediately the rains begin, proper ridges should be built. While deep cultivation benefits the crop, zero tillage does not reduce yields. Furthermore, maize should be planted in 75-centimeter-wide ridges for maximum grain output. Since the soil in the northern part of Nigeria is loosely packed, animal-drawn tools, as well as hoe, hand, and tractor-mounted plowing equipment, can be utilized to create ridges.

Maize Farming in nigeria Season and Planting

Because it is photoperiod insensitive, maize can be cultivated at any time yearly, allowing for greater flexibility in fitting it into various cropping patterns. Maize can be cultivated either manually (i.e., hand cultivation) or mechanically (machine planting). In the Nigerian savannas, the suggested plant spacing for maize is 75 by 50 cm, with two plants per stand.

Planting should begin immediately as the rains start, preferably directly after a good rainfall. Rainy season in northern Nigeria varies in accordance with the various ecological zones and from year to year. However, in the main ecological zones, optimal planting dates typically fall within the following periods:

Sudan savanna: The first and second weeks of July.
Northern Guinea savanna: From the last week of June till the first week of July.
Southern Guinea savanna: From the middle of May till the second week of June.

Early sowing in the quarter, after the rains have begun, is an excellent opportunity to boost yields even further. Early planting allows the crop to benefit from early nitrate discharge in the soil, and a lower incidence of diseases and pests. However, if early and other extra-early maturing variants are not meant to be consumed green, sowing in the southern regions of the state may be delayed until mid-July to enable maturity to correspond with the start of the dry months.

Fertilizers for Maize Farming in Nigeria

Suitable and balanced nourishment is critical in maize for high yield. Before applying fertilizer, ensure that the plants have been properly thinned to the suggested stand density and that they have been weeded. For corn in the savannas, the respective fertilizer nutrients are proposed per hectare:

Diamond phosphatase (DAP)

At Babban Gona we apply the fertilizers in doses. How you apply fertilizers to your maize cultivation solely depends on the region you’re cultivating in – Northern savana, Southern Guinea Savanna and Sudan Savanna. During application, all fertilizers must be buried. Before applying the second fertilizer dosage, make sure the second weed removal has been completed.

Excellent weed control in maize is required for high output. Weeds typically compete for sunlight, water, and nutrients with crops. Regular weeding is required to allow the maize plant to reach its full capacity on the field. Weeding must be done on a regular basis, especially during the initial stages of growth. Because the plant is shallow-rooted, avoiding mechanical damage during the operation is critical. In situations where soil depletion is severe, remodeling or earthing up of the ridges will be required to avoid lodging and excessive sun exposure of the roots.

It is recommended that two manual weeds be performed two weeks and four to five weeks after planting. Weeding may begin as early as two or three weeks after planting in locations where Imperata cylindrica poses an issue. Also, more than two manual weeding might be needed.

Herbicides can be utilized in controlling weeds on a maize plantation where it is economically viable to do so. Although some herbicides have been suggested for sole cropped corn, it is essential to acknowledge that the effectiveness of the chemicals is enhanced by excellent land preparation, regardless of the implements utilized.

As a maize farmer, you should be aware that disease or pest attacks can have a significant impact on your productivity. To prevent this calamity from destroying your investment, you need to regularly monitor the plants to spot pests or diseases that can cause significant losses a short while after planting.

One method of controlling pests and diseases is through crop rotation. The same family plant should not be cultivated yearly on the same site, and the crops must be rotated on the farmland every three years. Pests and other soil-borne pathogens will gradually increase if farmers grow maize on the same patch of land every year.

The table below shows various maize pests and the measures to eradicate them:

Monitoring maize growth and performance at various stages of development is a crucial component of crop management. It allows the farmer to make timely interventions that result in optimal output at the close of the season. Some factors that farmers need to watch out for include:

Inadequate water availability (e.g., due to drought)
Temperatures at the extremes (heat)
Human activities such as theft or vandalization.
Flooding and waterlogging.
Plants competing for nutrients, sunlight, water, and space.
A lack of nutrients (e.g., artificial manure or fertilizer)
Chemical use that is not under control (toxicity)
Infections caused by fungi, bacteria, or viruses
Insect or other organism attack from above or beneath the ground

The quality of the soil and crop plays a vital role in the quality of farm output produced at harvest. Monitoring and ensuring plants are growing correctly, pest detection, crop infection, proper fertilization of crops, and more can be strenuous for farmers to do manually, especially if the farm sits on a large expense of land. However, with a soil and plant health monitoring AI powered solution, it is now easier for farmers to monitor their plants and soil.

At Babban Gona, we build Artificial Intelligence solutions that help our members monitor their crops and soil by scanning them with a mobile phone. These solutions help our members identify and detect soil and plant deficiencies. You can read more about artificial intelligence in farming and how we are solving the problems of limited internet access.

Harvesting maize for fresh consumption is usually executed 50–70 days after cultivation. The silk turns brown to indicate that the corn is due to be harvested. Conversely, if grains are required, harvest immediately the grains are dry enough (typically 80 – 110 days after cultivating) depending on the type. During harvest, the corn cobs can be broken off the plant by hand, or the entire plant can be slashed with a cutlass. When the whole plant is harvested, it is frequently stacked in the field to enable the grains to dry more. The plant can be dehydrated in a traditional aerated granary in humid climates.

Post-Harvest

Maize post-harvest activities include shelling, drying, storage, threshing, and advertising. In addition to the previously mentioned operations, sorting and grading, packing and bagging, transit, loading and unloading Maize post-harvest management is divided into four main stages. The first one is farm-gate activities, which involve de-sheathing and packing mature maize cobs together; the second stage is transportation, which involves transporting cobs from the farmland to home or storage facility. The third stage refers to home activities, which include drying and grading cobs, shelling cobs and drying grains, winnowing grains, pesticide application, and packing grains at the household level. The fourth phase is maize storage, which involves storing grains for later use.

You may be interested in learning about interesting facts and statistics about agriculture in Nigeria .

18 thoughts on “Maize Farming in Nigeria: How to Get Started”

This is really commendable from Babban Gona. in fact i have heard a lot about you especially in how you help farmers improve their yields. May this be sustain and improved.

I am very grateful, this is highly Educative, may almighty Allah bless Babban Gona and the entire management.

Thanks for your contribution. I Yusuf Mohd ghali young Farmer

Very educative @Babban Gona.

Banban gonna I really appreciate your product

Inspirational

Very educative @babbangona

Hi i want to go into Maize farming in Abuja. I need to know how much it would cost me to do. Thanks

Dear Bemi, You need to get a land first and if you have a space in your compund that is a nice strategy to give it a test. Next is go to the market and buy seeds (having N400 should do and this depends on the portion of the land you have), do the necessary things required like preparing it for planting as stated by this great leader Babban Gona then plant your seeds. Never forget watching over it (monitoring and clearing the weeds at the appropriate time.) Goodluck!

Can Nigeria maize grown in another country like US, UK or Canada

Hello Lanre,

Yes, maize grows in other countries including US, UK and Canada.

Hello I want comment with Hausa. I na son zama Manomi musamman Masara Shinkafa da Waken soya. Ina neman taimakon ku na horarwa. Da fatan zan samu

Well said and well done.

Thanks for this information. I am working on getting a loan to start maize, rice and soybeans farming in full scale. I need help in preparing my business plan

Hello Emmanuel, there are a lot of resources online that can help you put together a decent business plan. You can start from there and you may want to consult a professional if you are unable to proceed further.

This is so interesting, thank you so much really appreciate.

Please house I want to know the best pesticide for corn

Maize Farming Business Plan in Nigeria

Our Maize Farming Business Plan in Nigeria is well documented and can also be used for, but not limited to:

Grant Applications,
Bank Loans,
Proposal writing,
Business Concept Note,
Competitions e.t.c

Purpose of the Maize Farming Business Plan in Nigeria

Benefits of the maize farming business plan in nigeria.

The Maize Farming Business Plan in Nigeria is beneficial because

It helps in outlining the steps needed to achieve the business goals and ideas.
It helps to articulate strategy to stakeholders who support the business.

Importance of the Maize Farming Business Plan in Nigeria

The Maize Farming Business Plan in Nigeria is important because

It will assist you in making sound decision in the administration of the commercial enterprise which will make a contribution to the success of the business.
It will additionally gives distinctive statistics on all components of the business, outlining the business desires and the steps required to achieve them.

Content of the Maize Farming Business Plan in Nigeria

Executive Summary
Introduction
Business Description
Keys to Success
Products and Services
Market Analysis
Our Target Market
Pricing Strategy
Competitor Analysis
Sales and Marketing Plan
SWOT Analysis
PEST Analysis
Operational Plan
Management plan
Financial Plan and Projections
Financial Diagnostics

Download The Complete Maize Farming Business Plan in Nigeria

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Executive summary

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– – – – – – – 1 Introduction – – – – – – – 2 2.1 Vision – – – – – – – – – 2 2.2 Mission – – – – – – – – – 2 2.3 Success factors – – – – – – – – 2 2.4 Risk factors – – – – – – – – 2 2.5 Business ownership – – – – – – – 2 2.6 Location factors – – – – – – – – 2 2.7 Available market – – – – – – – – 3 3.0 Products – – – – – – – – – 4 3.1 Costing – – – – – – – – – 4 3.2 Market demand – – – – – – – – 4 3.3 Projected demand – – – – – – – 4 4.0 Market analysis – – – – – – – – 6 4.1 Consumer/market segmentation – – – – – 6 5.0 Marketing plans – – – – – – – – 7 5.1 Promotion strategy – – – – – – – 7 5.2 Market strategy – – – – – – – – 7 5.3 Market positioning – – – – – – – 7 5.4 Sale summary – – – – – – – – 7 6.0 Technical analysis – – – – – – – – 8 6.1 Schedule of operation – – – – – – – 8 6.2 Management and Organization – – – – – – 8 6.3 Values and norms – – – – – – – – 9 7.0 Legal, environmental and social issues – – – – 10 7.1 Legal issues – – – – – – – – 10 7.2 Environmental issues – – – – – – – 10 7.3 Social issues – – – – – – – – 10 8.0 Risk analysis – – – – – – – – 11 9.0 Summary of project cost – – – – – – – 12 9.1 Fixed capital investment – – – – – – – 12 9.2 Utility and other expenses – – – – – – 12 9.3 Working capital investment – – – – – – 13 10.0 Profitability analysis – – – – – – – 14 10.1 The relevant details – – – – – – – 14 10.2 Cash flow projection – – – – – – – 14 10.3 Projected balanced sheet – – – – – – – 14 11.0 Appendix. – – – – – – – – –

PART I EXECUTIVE SUMMARY for the Maize Farming Business Plan

The following is a proposal for MAIZE FARM NIGERIA LTD in Agbor, Delta State.

This project requires N1, 000,000. N600, 000 for fixed assets and N400, 000 for working capital. The vision of this enterprise is to ensure efficient production of maize seeds in Delta State, particularly in Agbor. This venture will be located in Agbor because of easy access to the market for sale. Availability of the market for business to serve is very important. The competitive edge of the enterprise lies on the ability to produce reasonable quantity of fresh maize, poultry feed, swallow, igba oka pap, agidi and popcorn.

Financial projection for the Maize production business Plan

PART II INTRODUCTION for the Maize Farming Business Plan

The plan of this maize farm is based on the result of the assessment of Agbor town of Delta State. This assessment has pointed out the high demand of maize products in the area while there are only few maize farms available. The establishment of JANERICH 55 maize farm will go a long way to address the poor maize production in Agbor metropolis. Vision: To ensure the availability of Maize product but known to the people and new uses that is not known which will serve as snacks to the people in and out of its season. Mission: To produce very healthy maize seeds that guarantee the best of product, free of infections.

Success factors in the Maize production business plan :

Planting of maize variety that people will have taste for. Ensuring the use of fertilizers in order to foster the proliferation of large quantity products that are healthy. Existence of reliable market outlets. Availability of water supply.

Risk factors in the Maize farming business plan :

This project is likely to attract people more than the number needed. If the farm land is not permanently owned, land dispute may interrupt the success of the business.

Business ownership for the maize farming Biz plan :

This business is solely owned by Bridget Onyemenam.

Location factors: it is located in Agbor, Delta State, Nigeria. Information on the choice of location are: Nearness to the Agbor market, which create easy access of product for sale. Existence of good road. Cheap and reliable labour. The feasibility of land expansion for more products in the nearest future. Available market: It has been brought to notice that the demand figure increases every year to about 42% due to population rise. In Agbor, demands of maize consumers have been properly met by the existing suppliers of maize/maize products and this means that entrants will be attracted into the business as long as there will be expansion in the farm.

PART III PRODUCTS in the maize farming business plan / proposal

Fresh maize for direct eating (Corn either boiled or roasted). Poultry feed Popcorn Fufu Pap(akamu) Agidi

Costing: The costing of the products is built around feeding and poultry rearing. Feeding: Maize can be eaten directly after boiling or roasting. It can also be consumed in the form of pap, fufu, popcorn, and Agidi.

Poultry feed: It is a good supplement for agricultural fowls. Maize in addition to other things like crayfish, foster the growth of chickens.

Market Demand: The location of MAIZE FARM NIGERIA LTD in Agbor must extend its tentacles to the nearby markets like Abor market, Asaba main market, Igbaognogo market and even Onitsha main market. This will definitely boost the rate of demand of maize/maize products and as well the supply.

Projected Demand of maize producers in Agbor, Delta State: About 10,000 farmers/producers are needed in Lokoja yearly for the past three years. It is imperative to improve on this number since the demand for maize/maize products in Lokoja metropolis is increasing.

TO GET THE COMPLETE MAIZE FARMING BUSINESS PLAN & FEASIBILITY REPORT (INCLUDING THE FINANCIAL PROJECTIONS AND ALL) . Pay N10,000 to

GTBank (Guaranty Trust Bank) Account Name – Chudi-Oji Chukwuka Account No – 0044157183

After payment text your names, your e-mail address and what you paid for to 08060565721 and you’ll receive your MAIZE PRODUCTION BUSINESS PLAN & FEASIBILITY STUDY PROPOSAL .

By BPN Staff

How to Start Maize farming in Nigeria: Everything You Need to Know

April 13, 2024

How to Start Maize farming in Nigeria: Everything You Need to Know | In this post, I will show you how to start maize farming in Nigeria. Maize farming is a lucrative farming business in Nigeria, since maize crop is one of the most sought for in the country, it is as well generally eaten by Nigerians and those outside the country.

When you change your thoughts, remember to also change your world. You can request publication of your article for publication by sending it to us via our Email below. Click here to start business now with businesshab.com

Agriculture business in this era requires that one acquire some relevant knowledge in one’s area of interest in order to break-even in that area of agricultural business.

Nevertheless, in maze farming business, though some relevant knowledge is required to stay on top of the game, you actually do not need an intensive training or get college Degree to start maize farm i ng business in Nigeria, all that you need is to hold fast to some basic fundamentals in maize production, and you are in to it.

However, maize as we all know is one of the most utilized crops in Nigeria, and even in overseas. It is multi-functional in used.

Benefits of Maize farming Business

Research has revealed that maize, which is sometimes called corn, has plentiful by-products, and that, some of its by-products are well-off in sources , such as carbohydrate and iron, vitamins and minerals. Some products gotten from maize are; corn starch, corn flour and corn powder.

Others include; cornflakes, pap and custard. Yet on the line of produce gotten from ma i ze are; corn oil, alcohol and animal feeds.

As a raw material, fuel and other essential chemicals are gotten from maize. All these explained how important and lucrative maize farming can be in Nigeria. We all know maize, and we have been eating maize, therefore needless to continue telling you what maize is and what it is not.

Facilities to start and run maize farming in Nigeria :

Maize seed does not discriminate soil, so it grows in any type of soil. As a hardy crop, it can grow in a soil you will never expected that corn can grow in such land, though loamy soil is fovourite in maize production.

Best still, this loamy soil must comprised of decomposed materials, such as decomposed micro organism and woodchips and leaves as well, to help fertilize the soil for maize production.

Read on: How to Start Plantain Farming Business in Nigeria: Everything You Need to Know

2. irrigation trench:.

There will be need to create irrigation trench, if you are starting maize farming business, reason is obvious, because farm need to be watered.

Water, of course, you know, is one of the most important ingredients needed in maize production. Maize, as a rugged crop needs a lot of water to thrive beautifully.

Please note, do not ever make the mistake of running a maize farm that is lacking in the adequate soil moisture particularly during the time of pollination otherwise , you will run out of maize production and your business collapsed.

Read on: 15 Tips to Start After Hours Social Service in Nigeria

3. selection of maize seeds:.

The idea of selecting the best variety of maize seeds is one of the major challenges facing maize production farmers in Nigeria. Therefore, care should be taken, while selecting these seeds.

The simple truth is that maize seeds are of different varieties, there are some that are extremely strong, while some other too, are disease resistant, and yet the same infection resistant seeds can be prefer to other seeds.

4. Maize storage facility:

Storage facility should be taken into consideration, when once you have decided to start maize farming business, and you should decide which one is quite easier for you, whether to construct the ma i ze storage facility in the farm or in your house, whichever way, what is important is that you must have a well fortified storage facility for your maize.

5. Fertilizer for soil nutrients:

Maize plantation needs appropriate soil nutrients for effective yielding of your maize, there should be availability of fertil i zer and manure, and most importantly, there should be appropriate application of this fertilizer to the soil to guarantee bountiful yielding of the maize.

Read on: How to Start Disposable Plastic Cup Business

The wholesalers who bought it from the farm will have to either sell to companies or to retailers or to the end users. And one thing I love about maize farm i ng is that, you do not need to go through some strenuous workshop and seminar to start maize farming business , all you will ever need is simply instructional knowledge on the bus i ness of ma i ze farming and you are there.

If you need a complete business plan on maize farming, kindly contact us Click .

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In Nigeria, maize is consumed by a large number of families and households in many different forms. Maize cultivation and farming is done on a small, medium or big scale across the country. It is therefore an important source of income for many Nigerian farming households.

Despite the fact that it comes in a variety of colors, grain shapes and sizes, the popular cereal is mostly accessible for cultivation and consumption in two varieties: white and yellow maize. Yellow maize is mostly utilised for feed and human consumption, whereas the white variety is used for agriculture.

Maize is mostly utilised as animal feed, food grain, popcorn, baby corn, sweet corn and green cobs. Corn flour is also popular.

It is also used as a raw ingredient in hundreds of industrial goods such as oil, starch, alcoholic drinks, food sweeteners, pharmaceuticals , gum, textile, packaging, food cereals, cosmetics and paper.

How to start growing maize

The plants are pretty simple to cultivate, and even if you are a beginner, you will be able to grow them. You may readily protect the decreasing soil grade by growing maize.

When compared to rice, maize farming can save 90% of the water and 70% of the potency. And maize production can be more profitable than rice or wheat growing.

Choose a location

First of all, select a good location. Maize plants grow on soil that has a pH range of 5.5 to 7.5 .

It may be grown in a range of soil types such as sandy loams, and clay loams (heavy clay soil is not good for maize farming).

However, the soil must be rich in organic matter and have a high water-holding capacity.

Plants must be exposed to direct sunlight in order to produce more. So, take all these elements in mind while selecting land for maize farming.

Climate prerequisites for farming

Maize plants are planted all over the world, and they may thrive in a broad range of environmental circumstances.

It is a warm-weather crop that does not grow well in locations where the minimum daily temperature is less than 19°C.

The germination process is quicker and less variable at soil temperatures ranging from 16°C to 18°C. In addition, the maximum temperature for maize growing is 30°C to 35°C. The seeds can sprout at temperatures as low as 10°C.

Select a type

You should choose a kind that is widely planted and available in your region. There are several kinds of maize to choose from. The six main kinds are sweet corn, flour corn, popcorn, pod corn, flint corn and dent corn.

Sowing

Seed should be drilled at a consistent depth and into wet soil.

For maize to grow, soil temperatures should be 8°C first thing in the morning for four to five days. All maize should be drilled in the last ten days of April, but climate will definitely vary by region.

Irrigation

Maize plants, on average, need less water than other crops. Although proper and frequent watering will assist in the growth of healthy plants. The land must have an adequate drainage system to prevent excessive retention for a good maize growing enterprise.

Water gently once a week for a month (during the early stage of this crop). Furthermore, supplemental watering should be provided every 25 – 30 days.

Control of weeds, pests and diseases

Weed management is crucial to the success of a maize farming business. Initially, remove any weeds from the field when plowing and harrowing.

After that, at least two additional hand weeding are required. The first weeding should take place 20 – 25 days after sowing, followed by a second 40 – 45 days later. Mulching can aid in the control of most weeds in the region.

Maize, like many commercial crops, is susceptible to pests and diseases. Corn worm, stalk borer or stem borer, shot bug, pink borer, termites and shoot fly are common maize plant pests.

Harvesting

Harvesting begins when the outer covering of the cobs turns from green to white.

When the stalks have dried and the moisture level of the grain is between 20 and 17%, it is the optimal time to harvest maize.

Maize may be harvested by hand, and machines can be used to separate the seeds.

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How to start maize farming business in nigeria – maize farming business plan, maize farming business in nigeria: how to start and earn big.

Maize farming business in Nigeria is really a booming agribusiness investment that you should consider venturing into it. You should maize is among the three most important cereal crops worldwide, you should know that. The other two crops have been rice and wheat. It is much easier for you to start maize farming business than rice or wheat as it requires less capital. It will also interest you to know that it is much easier and simple to start maize farming business.

Read: How to become a millionaire with cassava farming business in Nigeria

Just like rice, maize also matures very fast; hence you won’t have to wait up to a year for your returns. It will take a maximum of 5 months for you to harvest your maize, depending on your purpose of farming. One thing that favors maize farming business more than rice and wheat is cultivating it almost anywhere in the country. So, you see that can carry out maize farming business in any part of Nigeria. You only need the right information to guide you in the process of your maize farming business. This article provides you information regarding:

How long does it take maize to grow in Nigeria?
What yield of maize can you get from a hectare?
How many tonnes is a hectare of maize?
Late maize planting season in Nigeria
Price of maize per ton in Nigeria
Cost of maize production per hectare
Maize farming business in Nigeria
The business plan for commercial maize farming in Nigeria

All you do is relax as this article has got your back when it comes to starting maize farming business. Many farmers are earning big from maize farming business in Nigeria and you can become one of them.

Important Guidelines To Starting Your Maize Farming Business In Nigeria

Below are the simple but very important things you need to have in place before starting your maize farming business.

Have your commercial maize farming business plan

To venture into commercial maize farming business in Nigeria, you seriously need a well-detailed business plan. Without your business plan for commercial maize farming in Nigeria, your chances at success are very low. This maize farming business plan will help direct your efforts in the course of your farming business.

The business plan can also be used to access loans. Without your business plan, you cannot access the government loans for agriculture in Nigeria. Commercial banks and private investors cannot take you seriously if you don’t have a business plan. Your maize farming business plan is your roadmap to success in your business venture.

Select your farming site

Once you have your business plan and also have the capital, your next task is to choose good farmland. As I said earlier on, you can cultivate maize in virtually anywhere in Nigeria but fertile loamy soil is the best. You should make sure that the soil is well drained. Now that you have your farmland, the next step is land preparation.

You can make use of the mechanical method to clear the land or employ the services of manual laborers. The target is that your farmland is ready for the planting of your maize seedlings.

See: How to make millions from garlic farming and exporting business

Get improved maize variety for your maize farming business

To improve the yield of maize you get from a hectare, there is a need for improved maize variety. Some of these improved maize varieties available in Nigeria for you include:

The yellow open-pollinated varieties like TZESR-Y; Downy Mildew and Streak Resistant
White, open-pollinated varieties like the TZESR-W; Downy Mildew and Streak Resistant
The white hybrids like 9022-19, 8321-18, (Striga Resistant)
Yellow open-pollinated varieties like the western yellow 1: TZSR-Y-1 (Streak Resistant)

You can always get the above listed and other improved varieties from the ministry of Agriculture in your state. Some agricultural institutes like the International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA) might have them for you. Before starting your maize production business in Nigeria, try to get any of these improved varieties.

Planting your maize seedlings

Now that you have the improved maize variety, the next step is how to plant it on your farm. It is highly advised that you plant your maize seeds immediately you finished clearing the farmland. This is done so that your maize will grow ahead of the weeds. When you delay planting your maize, it will be exposed to competition with the weeds.

You should plant your maize seed at a depth of 3-4cm and a spacing of about 1 – 1.5feet between each maize plant. It is recommended that you plant your maize between March ending to the first week of April. Depending on how early the rain started, you can also plant during the early periods of the month of May.

Weed control

If you are going to use manual weeding, it should start 15 days after your maize planting. Without even waiting for the 15 days, once you start noticing weed growth in your farm remove them. If you wish to make use of herbicides, you can apply Atrazine pre-emergence at 3kg per hectare on a cleaseedbeded.

To really make huge profits from your maize farming business, weed control is very important. So, you should take it very seriously as it can make or mar your investments in maize farming business.

Also Read: How to start sweet potato farming in Nigeria

Harvesting your maize

You can harvest your maize within 3-5 months after planting, depending on the purpose of your maize farming business. The profitability of maize farming in Nigeria is never in doubt. This is because the demand for maize and maize products is always on the rise.

For your Business plan for commercial maize farming in Nigeria or any other business niche, contact us on +234 7037281050. You will receive your business plan just within 2 weeks of your order.

For contributions and questions on maize farming business in Nigeria, kindly make use of the comment box provided below. THANKS.

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Maize Farming Business Plan in Nigeria
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The Maize Farming Business Plan in Nigeria is important because. It will assist you in making sound decision in the administration of the commercial enterprise which will make a contribution to the success of the business. It will additionally gives distinctive statistics on all components of the business, outlining the business desires and the ...
Maize Farming Business
MAIZE FARMING BUSINESS. Maize (Zea mays, L.) is one of the main cereal crops of West Africa. It is the fourth most consumed cereal during the past two decades, after sorghum, millet and rice in Nigeria. Maize is the world's highest supplier of calorie with caloric supply of about 19.5%. It provides more calorie than rice (16.5%) and wheat (15 ...
How To Start A Maize Farming Business In Nigeria
Do you want to start a maize farm? Do you want to learn the steps to start and grow a profitable maize farm? If you answered yes, then watch this video to le...
Maize Farming
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY for the Maize Farming Business Plan. The following is a proposal for MAIZE FARM NIGERIA LTD in Agbor, Delta State. This project requires N1, 000,000. N600, 000 for fixed assets and N400, 000 for working capital. The vision of this enterprise is to ensure efficient production of maize seeds in Delta State, particularly in Agbor.
How to Start Maize farming in Nigeria
Agriculture business in this era requires that one acquire some relevant knowledge in one's area of interest in order to break-even in that area of agricultural business.. Nevertheless, in maze farming business, though some relevant knowledge is required to stay on top of the game, you actually do not need an intensive training or get college Degree to start maize farming business in Nigeria ...
All you need to know about maize farming in Nigeria
The germination process is quicker and less variable at soil temperatures ranging from 16°C to 18°C. In addition, the maximum temperature for maize growing is 30°C to 35°C. The seeds can sprout at temperatures as low as 10°C. Select a type. You should choose a kind that is widely planted and available in your region.
Maize Production in Nigeria
Maize Production in Nigeria_ a Business Plan _ Agroraf - Free download as PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or read online for free.
How To Start Maize Farming Business In Nigeria
For your Business plan for commercial maize farming in Nigeria or any other business niche, contact us on +2347037281050. You will receive your business plan just within 2 weeks of your order. For contributions and questions on maize farming business in Nigeria, kindly make use of the comment box provided below.
PDF ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA.
Microsoft Word - afe202. A FEASIBILITY REPORT / BUSINESS PLAN FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A FOUR. HUNDRED HECTARES MAIZE PLANTATION AT THE FUTI YOLA FARM, YOLA, ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA. The undersigned reader acknowledges that the information provided in this business plan is a. confidential intellectual property; therefore the reader agrees not to ...
PDF Guide to Maize Production in Northern Nigeria
2 Guide to Maize Production in Northern Nigeria Temperature requirements The maize crop requires warmth throughout the period of its active life. The greatest production potential lies in areas where isotherms in the warmest month range between 21 and 27 °C. Maize does not grow well in areas where the growing season temperature is less than 19
PDF Positioning Nigeria as Africa's leader in maize production for AfCFTA
Ethiopia) accounted for about 39% of the continent's total maize output in 2019. In Nigeria, the top ten maize producing states (Borno, Niger, Plateau, Katsina, Gombe, Bauchi, Kogi, Kaduna, Oyo and Taraba) accounts for nearly two-third (64%) of maize produced in the country. About 45.5% of maize produced in Nigeria are used to
Maize Farming Business Plan [Sample Template]
The amount required for purchase of the first set of maize seedlings et al - $50,000. The amount required to set up a standard maize processing plant within the farm facility - $100,000. Operational cost for the first 3 months (salaries of employees, payments of bills et al) - $40,000.
Nigeria's $6bn maize industry and the supply shortfall
The crop matures within three to four months of planting. The International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) in 2017 put the value of Nigeria's maize industry at $6 billion (N2.5trillion). According to the Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO), maize is the most important food crop in Sub- Saharan Africa, but for over five years ...
Nigeria partners Saudi Arabia to develop agricultural sector
May 9, 2024. The federal government through the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, has commenced a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Agriculture and Environment, water and Agriculture of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, towards rapidly developing the Nigerian agricultural sector. Abubakar Kyari, the Nigerian minister of ...
Nigeria, UN seek US$306m for urgent food, nutrition crisis in 3 States
The lean season food security and nutrition crisis multisector plan is part of the 2024 UN-coordinated Humanitarian Response Plan for Nigeria. Latest News We got 1 bag of rice, wrapper after 2023 ...
Food security: FG targets rice, maize, others, for year-round cropping
The Minister of Agriculture and Food Security, Sen. Abubakar Kyari, stated this while speaking with newsmen in Abuja. Kyari said that rice, maize, cassava, sesame, soyabean, sorghum and other staple crops were being targeted for the year-round cropping. The minister said that wheat was the major crop of focus in the 15 of the 36 states in the ...
2027: Opposition party leaders to meet over mega party plan
2027: Opposition party leaders to meet over mega party plan. Iwok Iniobong. May 13, 2024. As plans to form a mega opposition party take shape, chairmen and other chieftains of some opposition parties will meet on Thursday in Kaduna State. The gathering will be hosted by the African Democratic Congress (ADC).
Electricity tariff hike: Nigerian govt reveals next plan after workers
What happened today is a teaser to what will come if the Government does nothing," he said. Recall that in April 2024, the Nigerian Electricity Regulatory Commission announced a 240 per cent ...

Maize Farming Business Plan in Nigeria

Business Plan for Commercial Maize Farming in Nigeria & Maize Farming Project Proposal

Also Read: Palm Oil Business Plan in Nigeria

Feasibility Report on Maize Production in Nigeria / Market Overview

Profitability of Maize Production in Nigeria / Why should you invest in it

How to start a commercial maize farm in Nigeria

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How to Get Started with Maize Farming in Nigeria

1. Farmland Site Selection

2. Time and Season to Plant

3. Land preparation and planting

4. Choosing of the Maize Variety or Seeds to Grow

5. Plant Population

6. Equipment Needed for Maize Farming in Nigeria

7. Irrigation for Maize Farming

8. Climatic Conditions

9. Seeding and Planting of the Maize Seeds on the Field

10. Weed Control

11. Fertilisers and Manures

12. Pests and Diseases Management

13. Harvest

14. Post Harvest

15. Insurance

Guide for Hybrid Maize Cultivation – One Hectare

Maize Farming Business Plan in Nigeria

Maize Production in Nigeria

Popular Maize Varieties in Nigeria

Pioneer Corn Seed – Hybrid

Dekalb Maize Seeds – Hybrid

Seedco – Hybrid

Premier Maize Seeds

Profit Analysis of Maize Farming

Profit Analysis for Dry Grains

Maize Farming for Fresh Cobs

Dry Season Maize Farming in Nigeria

Government Interventions in Maize Farming

CBN/NIRSAL MFB LOAN

CBN ANCHOR BORROWERS SCHEME

IFAD SCHEME

FADAMA Scheme

Health Benefits of Maize or Corn

Foods that can be derived from maize or corn

How Many Bags of Maize Can an Acre or Hectare Produce

Botany, Physiology and Genetics of Maize

Questions and Answers

Ayo Akinfolarin

The Complete Guide to Starting a Successful Maize Farming Business in Nigeria

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How To Start A Maize Farm Business In Nigeria: A Complete Guide On Maize Farming

Introduction

How Profitable Is Maize Farming In Nigeria?

The Best Time To Grow Your Maize

The Cost Of Setting Up A Maize Farm

How To Start A Maize Farm

1. Register Your Farm

2. Select The Best Land For Your Crop

3. Prepare The Land For Planting

4. Select The Best Maize Variety

5. Plant The Seeds

6. Fertilize and Control Pest

7. Harvest Time

8. Market! Market!! Market!!!

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How To Start Maize Farming Business In Nigeria

Maize Farming In Nigeria

Uses Of Maize

How To Start Maize Farming

Step 1: Register The Business

Step 2: Create A Business Plan

Step 3: Secure Funding

Step 4: Choose A Land

Step 5: Prepare The Land

Step 6: Plant The Seed

How To Plant

Step 7: Control Pest And Diseases