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Intellectual Property

In the course of research projects performed at the University of Pittsburgh, faculty, staff, and students often make new discoveries and generate new technologies.   When inventions arise from research conducted at Pitt, researchers’ first step is to contact the Innovation Institute , the University’s office responsible for technology transfer.   The Innovation Institute can help you with the following:

• Putting in place an Intellectual Property Assignment Agreement , which is a pre-requisite in order to submit external funding proposals

Completing and submitting an Invention Disclosure

• Seeking patent and/or copyright protection for new research products and technologies
• Evaluating the potential for commercialization of inventions
• Developing a licensing strategy for patented technologies
• Exploring the possibilities of forming startup businesses based on new technologies

If you have a new discovery or technology that you want to protect, contact the Innovation Institute as early as possible in the process.

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Where is the Intellectual Property (IP) Assignment Date and Type on an Award in MyFunding?

The Intellectual Property (IP) Assignment date and type can be found in two locations on an award in MyFunding.

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Intellectual Property and Technology Law

The following are the courses that comprise the Intellectual Property and Technology Law specialization . Under electives you are only required to take Contracts  or Torts (not both).

Required Introductory Courses (American Legal System; Contracts or Torts)

Required first-year courses, required upper-level courses.

Choose 1 courses from this list of electives.

Choose 1 course from this list of electives.

Other Courses Suggested for This Specialization

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University Times

October 9, 2014, discussion of ip rights continues.

A provost’s task force is continuing to meet to discuss the implementation of a process for assigning intellectual property (IP) rights to the University.

Provost Patricia E. Beeson suspended a Sept. 16 deadline for faculty to sign a blanket IP rights assignment agreement and convened the advisory group in response to a Sept. 9 Faculty Assembly resolution that  “strongly urged” the provost to delay the requirement for up to six months to give the University Senate tenure and academic freedom committee (TAFC) time to gather additional information. (See Sept. 25 University Times .)

TAFC took issue with a lack of faculty input in developing the IP rights assignment agreement and confusion among faculty as to the implications of the July 1 document.

The task force has met twice, and despite a Sept. 30 deadline for making recommendations, is scheduled for a third meeting today, Oct. 9, said University Senate President Michael A. Spring, a task force appointee. He had no explanation for why the deadline was not met.

The provost could not be reached for comment before the University Times went to press.

In his Oct. 7 report to Faculty Assembly, Spring said he appreciates the “speed, collegiality and thoroughness with which the provost has engaged these matters. It is my hope that the task force will conclude this work shortly. I can’t tell you how diligently and carefully prepared the provost has been and how astutely and completely she’s listened to a diverse group of faculty.”

Following the meeting, Spring told the University Times that task force members have presented diverse views and suggestions in the course of the discussions. While he had no details on when the provost might act in response to their input, “I think whatever comes out of it, she’s going to make sure it’s presented to faculty in a way they understand,” he said.

Spring noted in his comments to the Assembly that the IP assignment issues raised during the September meeting drove a record number of page views and visits to the collection of relevant documents posted in the “initiatives” section of the Senate’s www.univsenate.pitt.edu site.

Through Google Analytics data, “We were aware of other universities looking at us, news outlets and many of you looking through those documents. The IP rights issues, I think, were well exposed and well studied,” Spring told faculty.

In his report to Faculty Assembly, Spring also noted:

• The Senate’s fall plenary session, “Managing Research Data: Challenges and Opportunities at the University,” set for noon-3 p.m. Oct. 23,  will be streamed and recorded. The keynote speaker is Liz Lyon, former associate director of the UK Digital Curation Centre, who is a visiting faculty member in the School of Information Sciences. Her talk is titled: “Gearing up for Data? Institutional Drivers, Challenges and Opportunities.”

• The Senate executive committee has begun meeting informally in the University Club College Room, typically on the Thursday before the Assembly meets. Its next gathering, open to faculty, is at noon Oct. 30.

• The Senate’s expanded executive committee, which includes committee chairs and co-chairs, will meet Oct. 13 to review the past year’s accomplishments and set goals for the coming year. The group also plans to meet with Chancellor Patrick Gallagher on Nov. 17.

• Dedication of the pair of benches installed outside the chancellor’s Cathedral of Learning office windows in honor of Chancellor Emeritus Mark A. Nordenberg and his wife, Nikki Pirillo Nordenberg, is set for 5 p.m. Oct. 15. The benches were sponsored by the University Senate and Staff Association Council.

In other business, Assembly approved unanimously a motion to change the name of the Senate commonwealth relations committee to the governmental relations committee.

Commonwealth relations committee co-chair Debora Rougeux presented the committee’s motion, explaining that the committee was formed shortly after the University became a state-related institution and the original name reflected that its relationship with the commonwealth was a high priority.

The new name reflects that the committee’s mission has since expanded to include fostering rapport and understanding between Pitt faculty and members of federal, state, county and local governments that have an impact on the Pittsburgh and regional campuses. Because the name change involves a change to Senate bylaws, Senate Council also must approve the motion.

—Kimberly K. Barlow

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What is My IP Location? | Geolocation

Looking to query more than 1 IP? Try our Bulk IP Lookup

IP Address Details

IP Location: Mountain View, California (US)   [Details]

Host Name: crawl-66-249-64-20.googlebot.com

ISP: Google LLC

Proxy: 66.249.64.20

Platform: Unknown Platform

Browser: Googlebot   [User Agent]

Screen Size:

Javascript: Enabled

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Why do you need geolocation?

There are several ways to find the geolocation of a user: HTML5 API, Cell Signal, and IP Address to name a few. The pairing of an IP address to a geographical location is the method we used to provide geolocation data. There are times when you need to identify where your web visitors are coming from. You might have an ecommerce website, and would like to know where your potential customers are, pre-populate country codes on forms, display different languages and reduce credit card fraud based on geographic location. Or, you might want to fight against illegal spammers and hackers and would like to locate the sources of a problem.

Although it would be nice to be able to find the precise location of a visitor, it is almost impossible to find the exact location of a host given its IP address . However, there are tools available to help identify the approximate location of the host. ARIN Whois database provides a mechanism for finding contact and registration information for IP resources registered with ARIN.

You may also use 3rd party websites such as Geobytes or Dnsstuff to look up the IP address. The whois lookup will reveal the name of the ISP who owns that IP address, and the country where it originated from. If you're lucky, you might also find the city of origin. You may also use products developed by 3rd-party companies like Ip2location and MaxMind.

You may also use reverse DNS to find out the hostname of the IP address, which might give you some clues. Many ISPs, Corporations, and Academic institutions use location as a qualified hostname, although this is not always true. A couple of things to note here: (1) Reverse DNS translation do not always work. It depends on the correct configuration of the ISP's DNS server. (2) The US domain names such as .com, .net and .org does not always imply that the host is located in the United States.

You may use ' traceroute ' command to find clues to the location of the IP address. The names of the routers through which packets flow from your host to the destination host might hint at the geographical path of the final location.

IP-based Geolocation FAQ

1. what is ip-based geolocation.

IP-based Geolocation is the mapping of an IP address or MAC address to the real-world geographic location of an Internet-connected computing or a mobile device. Geolocation involves mapping IP addresses to the country, region (city), latitude/longitude, ISP, and domain name among other useful things.

2. Where can I get an IP-based Geolocation database?

There are several commercially available geolocation databases, and their pricing and accuracy may vary. Ip2location, MaxMind, Tamo Soft, DB-IP, Ipinfo, and IPligence offer fee-based databases that can be easily integrated into a web application. Most geolocation database vendors offer APIs and example codes (in ASP, PHP, .NET, and Java programming languages) that can be used to retrieve geolocation data from the database. We use several commercial databases to offer free geolocation data on our website.

There are also freely available geolocation databases. Vendors offering commercial geolocation databases also offer a Lite or Community edition that provides IP-to-Country mappings. Ip2Country.net and Webhosting.info (Directi) offer free IP-to-Country databases that can be also integrated into your web application. There are companies also offering free web services that can be used to show the geolocation of an IP address on your website.

3. How accurate is IP-based Geolocation?

The accuracy of the geolocation database varies depending on which database you use. For IP-to-country databases, some vendors claim to offer 98% to 99% accuracy although typical Ip2Country database accuracy is more like 95%. For IP-to-Region (or City), accuracy range anywhere from 50% to 75% if neighboring cities are treated as correct. Considering that there is no official source of IP-to-Region information, 50+% accuracy is pretty good.

4. How does IP-based geolocation work?

ARIN Whois database provides a mechanism for finding contact and registration information for IP resources registered with ARIN. The IP whois information is available for free, and determining the country from this database is relatively easy. When an organization requires a block of IP addresses, a request is submitted, and allocated IP addresses are assigned to a requested ISP.

Common Network Questions

• Do you want to find an IP address of your network printer? Please read How to find an IP of a printer to find ways to obtain an IP number of your network printer.

• Do you want to find IP Addresses of private network? Please read How to find IP addresses of computing devices on the private network?

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What we’ve learned about the restructured St. Louis Cardinals bullpen: 3 takeaways

Fresh off a series win over the New York Mets , much of the clamor surrounding the St. Louis Cardinals will focus on the offense. The Cardinals’ bats fell silent once more in a 4-2 loss in 11 innings on Sunday afternoon — dropping the team to 13-15 — though the overall at-bats throughout the series were much improved.

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What ultimately propelled the Cardinals to wins on Friday (4-2) and Saturday (7-4), however, wasn’t the offense showing a semblance of life, though that was certainly encouraging for St. Louis. The “Big 3” of back-end relievers — JoJo Romero , Andrew Kittredge and Ryan Helsley — have combined for a lights-out month. The trio has a 1.18 ERA this season with 46 strikeouts and just seven walks, good for a 6.57 strikeout-to-walk ratio.

Restructuring the bullpen was a high priority over the winter for president of baseball operations John Mozeliak and manager Oli Marmol. Already, the early results underscore why. Let’s break down the numbers behind the excellent start for Romero, Kittredge and Helsley.

This bullpen locks it down again! 🔥 #ForTheLou pic.twitter.com/dHZkxwMCbR — St. Louis Cardinals (@Cardinals) April 27, 2024

LHP JoJo Romero — 14 G, 14 2/3 IP, 1.23 ERA, 16 K

Even before the Cardinals revamped their bullpen, they penciled Romero in for a high-leverage role. They did so based on a small but encouraging sample from last season. Before season-ending knee tendinitis, Romero seemed to have unlocked a new level within his four-pitch arsenal. The Cardinals recognized that and believed it would carry over to the new season.

Fast forward to the end of this season’s first month and it appears they were right. The 27-year-old has solidified himself as a back-end threat, and that arsenal has only improved. Romero ranks in the sport’s top-10 percentiles in whiff percentage (34.4 percent, 91st percentile) and ground-ball rate (61.8 percent, 95th percentile). But his walk rate (3.8, 90th percentile) has really jumped off the page.

Romero has cut down his free passes rate by nearly half compared to last season (6.8 percent). That’s due to not just a heavy mix of pitches (Romero regularly rotates between his sinker, slider and changeup, and will mix in his four-seam fastball) but also the result of an exceptional command.

RHP Andrew Kittredge — 13 G, 12 IP, 0.75 ERA, 13 K

Two traits Mozeliak sought when looking for external bullpen help this winter were experience and versatility, which is why he traded for Kittredge in early January. As an All-Star for the Tampa Bay Rays in 2021, Kittredge pitched in a multitude of roles and was comfortable entering the game at any time. He missed most of the last two seasons recovering from Tommy John surgery, but Kittredge looks to have regained his All-Star form.

Kittredge has packed some sorely needed swing and miss back into the ‘pen, with a chase rate of 44.2 percent (ranked in the top percentile) and a 28.9 strikeout percentage. He’s effectively used his slider (his best pitch) to induce some of the weakest contact in the league. Opposing hitters are on the ground over 50 percent of the time and not one has registered a barrel off of Kittredge this season. These metrics are nearly identical to his 2021 campaign.

Together, Romero and Kittredge have become two of baseball’s most effective set-up men. They share the major-league high of 10 holds and have made for a sturdy bridge to their closer.

RHP Ryan Helsley — 15 G, 15 IP, 1.80 ERA, 17 K

The Cardinals decided in tandem with Helsley to use him as a traditional closer this season instead of deploying him at the game’s most pivotal times (which is how Helsley had pitched for the last two seasons). Multiple factors played into that choice. The Cardinals wanted more availability out of Helsley, who often strayed from being used in back-to-back games because he was recording four to five outs per outing, instead of three. A noteworthy injury history also factored in. The two parties also believed that a set understanding of availability would allow Helsley to be used more effectively while giving his body ample opportunity to recover. The overall effectiveness of the bullpen (Cardinals relievers entered play Sunday with the third-lowest ERA in baseball) has also allowed Marmol to assign more specific roles.

The results have been about as good as they can get. Helsley’s nine saves are tied for the most in baseball and his Baseball Savant page reads like it’s straight out of a video game. Known as one of baseball’s hardest throwers, Helsley ranks among league leaders in expected ERA (1.11), expected batting average (.159), chase rate (35.6), walk rate (3.4) and of course fastball velocity (99.2 mph).

"That was romaine lettuce, that was crisp" 🥬 #ForTheLou pic.twitter.com/jg0UGEqu6A — St. Louis Cardinals (@Cardinals) April 27, 2024

Those numbers have transferred over to the win column. The Cardinals are 12-0 when entering the eighth inning with a lead, and much of that has to do with a fully healthy Helsley. By adjusting his usage and clarifying his role, St. Louis has seen the return of their All-Star closer, one who provides the exclamation point behind what could wind up as one of the best bullpens in the league.

(Photo of Andrew Kittredge: Jeff Curry / USA Today)

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Katie Woo is a staff writer for The Athletic covering the St. Louis Cardinals. Prior to joining The Athletic, Katie spent two years covering the minor leagues as an editorial producer for MiLB.com and spent the 2018 MLB season covering the San Diego Padres as an associate reporter for MLB.com. She is a graduate of Arizona State University and originates from Northern California. Follow Katie on Twitter @ katiejwoo